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|
<HTML
><HEAD
><TITLE
>The Bugzilla Guide - 2.17.4 Development Release</TITLE
><META
NAME="GENERATOR"
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.76b+
"><META
NAME="KEYWORD"
CONTENT="Bugzilla"><META
NAME="KEYWORD"
CONTENT="Guide"><META
NAME="KEYWORD"
CONTENT="installation"><META
NAME="KEYWORD"
CONTENT="FAQ"><META
NAME="KEYWORD"
CONTENT="administration"><META
NAME="KEYWORD"
CONTENT="integration"><META
NAME="KEYWORD"
CONTENT="MySQL"><META
NAME="KEYWORD"
CONTENT="Mozilla"><META
NAME="KEYWORD"
CONTENT="webtools"></HEAD
><BODY
CLASS="book"
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
TEXT="#000000"
LINK="#0000FF"
VLINK="#840084"
ALINK="#0000FF"
><DIV
CLASS="BOOK"
><A
NAME="index"
></A
><DIV
CLASS="TITLEPAGE"
><H1
CLASS="title"
><A
NAME="AEN2"
></A
>The Bugzilla Guide - 2.17.4 Development Release</H1
><H3
CLASS="author"
><A
NAME="AEN5"
></A
>Matthew P. Barnson</H3
><H3
CLASS="author"
><A
NAME="AEN9"
></A
>Jacob Steenhagen</H3
><H3
CLASS="corpauthor"
>The Bugzilla Team</H3
><P
CLASS="pubdate"
>2003-04-23<BR></P
><DIV
><DIV
CLASS="abstract"
><A
NAME="AEN14"
></A
><P
></P
><P
> This is the documentation for Bugzilla, the mozilla.org
bug-tracking system.
Bugzilla is an enterprise-class piece of software
that powers issue-tracking for hundreds of
organizations around the world, tracking millions of bugs.
</P
><P
>
This documentation is maintained in DocBook 4.1.2 XML format.
Changes are best submitted as plain text or XML diffs, attached
to a bug filed in the <A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=Bugzilla&component=Documentation"
TARGET="_top"
>Bugzilla Documentation</A
> component.
</P
><P
>This is a development version of this guide. Information in it
is subject to change before the 2.18 release of this guide
(which will correspond with the 2.18 release of Bugzilla).
</P
><P
></P
></DIV
></DIV
><HR></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="TOC"
><DL
><DT
><B
>Table of Contents</B
></DT
><DT
>1. <A
HREF="#about"
>About This Guide</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>1.1. <A
HREF="#copyright"
>Copyright Information</A
></DT
><DT
>1.2. <A
HREF="#disclaimer"
>Disclaimer</A
></DT
><DT
>1.3. <A
HREF="#newversions"
>New Versions</A
></DT
><DT
>1.4. <A
HREF="#credits"
>Credits</A
></DT
><DT
>1.5. <A
HREF="#conventions"
>Document Conventions</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>2. <A
HREF="#introduction"
>Introduction</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>2.1. <A
HREF="#whatis"
>What is Bugzilla?</A
></DT
><DT
>2.2. <A
HREF="#why"
>Why Should We Use Bugzilla?</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>3. <A
HREF="#using"
>Using Bugzilla</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>3.1. <A
HREF="#how"
>How do I use Bugzilla?</A
></DT
><DT
>3.2. <A
HREF="#hintsandtips"
>Hints and Tips</A
></DT
><DT
>3.3. <A
HREF="#userpreferences"
>User Preferences</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>4. <A
HREF="#installation"
>Installation</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>4.1. <A
HREF="#stepbystep"
>Step-by-step Install</A
></DT
><DT
>4.2. <A
HREF="#extraconfig"
>Optional Additional Configuration</A
></DT
><DT
>4.3. <A
HREF="#os-specific"
>OS Specific Installation Notes</A
></DT
><DT
>4.4. <A
HREF="#http"
>HTTP Server Configuration</A
></DT
><DT
>4.5. <A
HREF="#troubleshooting"
>Troubleshooting</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>5. <A
HREF="#administration"
>Administering Bugzilla</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>5.1. <A
HREF="#parameters"
>Bugzilla Configuration</A
></DT
><DT
>5.2. <A
HREF="#useradmin"
>User Administration</A
></DT
><DT
>5.3. <A
HREF="#programadmin"
>Product, Component, Milestone, and Version Administration</A
></DT
><DT
>5.4. <A
HREF="#voting"
>Voting</A
></DT
><DT
>5.5. <A
HREF="#groups"
>Groups and Group Security</A
></DT
><DT
>5.6. <A
HREF="#security"
>Bugzilla Security</A
></DT
><DT
>5.7. <A
HREF="#cust-templates"
>Template Customization</A
></DT
><DT
>5.8. <A
HREF="#cust-change-permissions"
>Change Permission Customization</A
></DT
><DT
>5.9. <A
HREF="#upgrading"
>Upgrading to New Releases</A
></DT
><DT
>5.10. <A
HREF="#integration"
>Integrating Bugzilla with Third-Party Tools</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>A. <A
HREF="#faq"
>The Bugzilla FAQ</A
></DT
><DT
>B. <A
HREF="#database"
>The Bugzilla Database</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>B.1. <A
HREF="#dbmodify"
>Modifying Your Running System</A
></DT
><DT
>B.2. <A
HREF="#dbdoc"
>MySQL Bugzilla Database Introduction</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>C. <A
HREF="#patches"
>Useful Patches and Utilities for Bugzilla</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>C.1. <A
HREF="#rewrite"
>Apache
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>mod_rewrite</TT
>
magic</A
></DT
><DT
>C.2. <A
HREF="#cmdline"
>Command-line Bugzilla Queries</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>D. <A
HREF="#variants"
>Bugzilla Variants and Competitors</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>D.1. <A
HREF="#variant-redhat"
>Red Hat Bugzilla</A
></DT
><DT
>D.2. <A
HREF="#variant-fenris"
>Loki Bugzilla (Fenris)</A
></DT
><DT
>D.3. <A
HREF="#variant-issuezilla"
>Issuezilla</A
></DT
><DT
>D.4. <A
HREF="#variant-scarab"
>Scarab</A
></DT
><DT
>D.5. <A
HREF="#variant-perforce"
>Perforce SCM</A
></DT
><DT
>D.6. <A
HREF="#variant-sourceforge"
>SourceForge</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>E. <A
HREF="#gfdl"
>GNU Free Documentation License</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>0. <A
HREF="#gfdl-0"
>PREAMBLE</A
></DT
><DT
>1. <A
HREF="#gfdl-1"
>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</A
></DT
><DT
>2. <A
HREF="#gfdl-2"
>VERBATIM COPYING</A
></DT
><DT
>3. <A
HREF="#gfdl-3"
>COPYING IN QUANTITY</A
></DT
><DT
>4. <A
HREF="#gfdl-4"
>MODIFICATIONS</A
></DT
><DT
>5. <A
HREF="#gfdl-5"
>COMBINING DOCUMENTS</A
></DT
><DT
>6. <A
HREF="#gfdl-6"
>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</A
></DT
><DT
>7. <A
HREF="#gfdl-7"
>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</A
></DT
><DT
>8. <A
HREF="#gfdl-8"
>TRANSLATION</A
></DT
><DT
>9. <A
HREF="#gfdl-9"
>TERMINATION</A
></DT
><DT
>10. <A
HREF="#gfdl-10"
>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="#gfdl-howto"
>How to use this License for your documents</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
><A
HREF="#glossary"
>Glossary</A
></DT
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="LOT"
><DL
CLASS="LOT"
><DT
><B
>List of Figures</B
></DT
><DT
>4-1. <A
HREF="#trouble-filetemp-errors"
>Other File::Temp error messages</A
></DT
><DT
>4-2. <A
HREF="#trouble-filetemp-patch"
>Patch for File::Temp in Perl 5.6.0</A
></DT
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="LOT"
><DL
CLASS="LOT"
><DT
><B
>List of Examples</B
></DT
><DT
>4-1. <A
HREF="#http-apache-htaccess"
><TT
CLASS="filename"
>.htaccess</TT
> files for Apache</A
></DT
><DT
>5-1. <A
HREF="#upgrade-cvs"
>Upgrading using CVS</A
></DT
><DT
>5-2. <A
HREF="#upgrade-tarball"
>Upgrading using the tarball</A
></DT
><DT
>5-3. <A
HREF="#upgrade-patches"
>Upgrading using patches</A
></DT
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="chapter"
><HR><H1
><A
NAME="about"
></A
>Chapter 1. About This Guide</H1
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="copyright"
></A
>1.1. Copyright Information</H1
><A
NAME="AEN33"
></A
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
WIDTH="100%"
CELLSPACING="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CLASS="BLOCKQUOTE"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
VALIGN="TOP"
> </TD
><TD
WIDTH="80%"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the
Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of
the license is included in <A
HREF="#gfdl"
>Appendix E</A
>.
</P
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
VALIGN="TOP"
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
COLSPAN="2"
ALIGN="RIGHT"
VALIGN="TOP"
>--<SPAN
CLASS="attribution"
>Copyright (c) 2000-2003 Matthew P. Barnson and The Bugzilla Team</SPAN
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
> </TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
> If you have any questions regarding this document, its
copyright, or publishing this document in non-electronic form,
please contact The Bugzilla Team.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="disclaimer"
></A
>1.2. Disclaimer</H1
><P
> No liability for the contents of this document can be accepted.
Use the concepts, examples, and other content at your own risk.
This document may contain errors
and inaccuracies that may damage your system, cause your partner
to leave you, your boss to fire you, your cats to
pee on your furniture and clothing, and global thermonuclear
war. Proceed with caution.
</P
><P
> All copyrights are held by their respective owners, unless
specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document
should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any
trademark or service mark.
</P
><P
> Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as
endorsements, with the exception of the term "GNU/Linux". We
wholeheartedly endorse the use of GNU/Linux in every situation
where it is appropriate. It is an extremely versatile, stable,
and robust operating system that offers an ideal operating
environment for Bugzilla.
</P
><P
> You are strongly recommended to make a backup of your system
before installing Bugzilla and at regular intervals thereafter.
If you implement any suggestion in this Guide, implement this one!
</P
><P
> Although the Bugzilla development team has taken great care to
ensure that all easily-exploitable bugs or options are
documented or fixed in the code, security holes surely exist.
Great care should be taken both in the installation and usage of
this software. Carefully consider the implications of installing
other network services with Bugzilla. The Bugzilla development
team members, Netscape Communications, America Online Inc., and
any affiliated developers or sponsors assume no liability for
your use of this product. You have the source code to this
product, and are responsible for auditing it yourself to ensure
your security needs are met.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="newversions"
></A
>1.3. New Versions</H1
><P
> This is the 2.17.4 version of The Bugzilla Guide. It is so named
to match the current version of Bugzilla.
This version of the guide, like its associated Bugzilla version is a
development version. Information is subject to change between now and
when 2.18 is released.
If you are
reading this from any source other than those below, please
check one of these mirrors to make sure you are reading an
up-to-date version of the Guide.
</P
><P
> The newest version of this guide can always be found at <A
HREF="http://www.bugzilla.org"
TARGET="_top"
>bugzilla.org</A
>; including
documentation for past releases and the current development version.
</P
><P
> The documentation for the most recent stable release of Bugzilla can also
be found at
<A
HREF="http://www.tldp.org"
TARGET="_top"
>The Linux Documentation Project</A
>.
</P
><P
> The latest version of this document can always be checked out via CVS.
Please follow the instructions available at
<A
HREF="http://www.mozilla.org/cvs.html"
TARGET="_top"
>the Mozilla CVS page</A
>,
and check out the <TT
CLASS="filename"
>mozilla/webtools/bugzilla/docs/</TT
>
subtree.
</P
><P
> The Bugzilla Guide is currently only available in English.
If you would like to volunteer to translate it, please contact
<A
HREF="mailto:justdave@syndicomm.com"
TARGET="_top"
>Dave Miller</A
>.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="credits"
></A
>1.4. Credits</H1
><P
> The people listed below have made enormous contributions to the
creation of this Guide, through their writing, dedicated hacking efforts,
numerous e-mail and IRC support sessions, and overall excellent
contribution to the Bugzilla community:
</P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="variablelist"
><DL
><DT
>Matthew P. Barnson <TT
CLASS="email"
><<A
HREF="mailto:mbarnson@sisna.com"
>mbarnson@sisna.com</A
>></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>for the Herculaean task of pulling together the Bugzilla Guide
and shepherding it to 2.14.
</P
></DD
><DT
>Terry Weissman <TT
CLASS="email"
><<A
HREF="mailto:terry@mozilla.org"
>terry@mozilla.org</A
>></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>for initially writing Bugzilla and creating the README upon
which the UNIX installation documentation is largely based.
</P
></DD
><DT
>Tara Hernandez <TT
CLASS="email"
><<A
HREF="mailto:tara@tequilarists.org"
>tara@tequilarists.org</A
>></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>for keeping Bugzilla development going strong after Terry left
mozilla.org and for running landfill.
</P
></DD
><DT
>Dave Lawrence <TT
CLASS="email"
><<A
HREF="mailto:dkl@redhat.com"
>dkl@redhat.com</A
>></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>for providing insight into the key differences between Red
Hat's customized Bugzilla, and being largely responsible for
<A
HREF="#variant-redhat"
>Section D.1</A
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
>Dawn Endico <TT
CLASS="email"
><<A
HREF="mailto:endico@mozilla.org"
>endico@mozilla.org</A
>></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>for being a hacker extraordinaire and putting up with Matthew's
incessant questions and arguments on irc.mozilla.org in #mozwebtools
</P
></DD
><DT
>Jacob Steenhagen <TT
CLASS="email"
><<A
HREF="mailto:jake@bugzilla.org"
>jake@bugzilla.org</A
>></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>for taking over documentation during the 2.17 development
period.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P
> Last but not least, all the members of the
<A
HREF="news://news.mozilla.org/netscape/public/mozilla/webtools"
TARGET="_top"
>news://news.mozilla.org/netscape/public/mozilla/webtools</A
>
newsgroup. Without your discussions, insight, suggestions, and patches,
this could never have happened.
</P
><P
> Thanks also go to the following people for significant contributions
to this documentation (in alphabetical order):
Andrew Pearson, Ben FrantzDale, Eric Hanson, Gervase Markham, Joe Robins, Kevin Brannen, Ron Teitelbaum, Spencer Smith, Zach Liption
.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="conventions"
></A
>1.5. Document Conventions</H1
><P
>This document uses the following conventions:</P
><DIV
CLASS="informaltable"
><A
NAME="AEN110"
></A
><P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><THEAD
><TR
><TH
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>Descriptions</TH
><TH
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>Appearance</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>Warnings</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
> <DIV
CLASS="caution"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="caution"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/caution.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Caution"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>Don't run with scissors!</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>Hint</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
> <DIV
CLASS="tip"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="tip"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>Would you like a breath mint?</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>Notes</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
> <DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>Dear John...</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>Information requiring special attention</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
> <DIV
CLASS="warning"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="warning"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/warning.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Warning"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>Read this or the cat gets it.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>File Names</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
> <TT
CLASS="filename"
>filename</TT
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>Directory Names</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
> <TT
CLASS="filename"
>directory</TT
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>Commands to be typed</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
> <B
CLASS="command"
>command</B
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>Applications Names</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
> <SPAN
CLASS="application"
>application</SPAN
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
> <I
CLASS="foreignphrase"
>Prompt</I
>
of users command under bash shell</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>bash$</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
> <I
CLASS="foreignphrase"
>Prompt</I
>
of root users command under bash shell</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>bash#</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
> <I
CLASS="foreignphrase"
>Prompt</I
>
of user command under tcsh shell</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>tcsh$</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>Environment Variables</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
> <TT
CLASS="envar"
>VARIABLE</TT
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>Emphasized word</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
> <EM
>word</EM
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>Term found in the glossary</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
> <A
HREF="#gloss-bugzilla"
><I
CLASS="glossterm"
>Bugzilla</I
></A
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
>Code Example</TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="MIDDLE"
> <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
><TT
CLASS="sgmltag"
><para></TT
>
Beginning and end of paragraph
<TT
CLASS="sgmltag"
></para></TT
></PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="chapter"
><HR><H1
><A
NAME="introduction"
></A
>Chapter 2. Introduction</H1
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="whatis"
></A
>2.1. What is Bugzilla?</H1
><P
> Bugzilla is a bug- or issue-tracking system. Bug-tracking
systems allow individual or groups of developers effectively to keep track
of outstanding problems with their product.
Bugzilla was originally
written by Terry Weissman in a programming language called TCL, to
replace a rudimentary bug-tracking database used internally by Netscape
Communications. Terry later ported Bugzilla to Perl from TCL, and in Perl
it remains to this day. Most commercial defect-tracking software vendors
at the time charged enormous licensing fees, and Bugzilla quickly became
a favorite of the open-source crowd (with its genesis in the open-source
browser project, Mozilla). It is now the de-facto standard
defect-tracking system against which all others are measured.
</P
><P
>Bugzilla boasts many advanced features. These include:
<P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
>Powerful searching</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>User-configurable email notifications of bug changes</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Full change history</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Inter-bug dependency tracking and graphing</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Excellent attachment management</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Integrated, product-based, granular security schema</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Fully security-audited, and runs under Perl's taint mode</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>A robust, stable RDBMS back-end</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Web, XML, email and console interfaces</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Completely customisable and/or localisable web user
interface</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Extensive configurability</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Smooth upgrade pathway between versions</P
></LI
></UL
>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="why"
></A
>2.2. Why Should We Use Bugzilla?</H1
><P
>For many years, defect-tracking software has remained principally
the domain of large software development houses. Even then, most shops
never bothered with bug-tracking software, and instead simply relied on
shared lists and email to monitor the status of defects. This procedure
is error-prone and tends to cause those bugs judged least significant by
developers to be dropped or ignored.</P
><P
>These days, many companies are finding that integrated
defect-tracking systems reduce downtime, increase productivity, and raise
customer satisfaction with their systems. Along with full disclosure, an
open bug-tracker allows manufacturers to keep in touch with their clients
and resellers, to communicate about problems effectively throughout the
data management chain. Many corporations have also discovered that
defect-tracking helps reduce costs by providing IT support
accountability, telephone support knowledge bases, and a common,
well-understood system for accounting for unusual system or software
issues.</P
><P
>But why should
<EM
>you</EM
>
use Bugzilla?</P
><P
>Bugzilla is very adaptable to various situations. Known uses
currently include IT support queues, Systems Administration deployment
management, chip design and development problem tracking (both
pre-and-post fabrication), and software and hardware bug tracking for
luminaries such as Redhat, NASA, Linux-Mandrake, and VA Systems.
Combined with systems such as
<A
HREF="http://www.cvshome.org"
TARGET="_top"
>CVS</A
>,
<A
HREF="http://www.mozilla.org/bonsai.html"
TARGET="_top"
>Bonsai</A
>, or
<A
HREF="http://www.perforce.com"
TARGET="_top"
>Perforce SCM</A
>, Bugzilla
provides a powerful, easy-to-use solution to configuration management and
replication problems.</P
><P
>Bugzilla can dramatically increase the productivity and
accountability of individual employees by providing a documented workflow
and positive feedback for good performance. How many times do you wake up
in the morning, remembering that you were supposed to do
<EM
>something</EM
>
today, but you just can't quite remember? Put it in Bugzilla, and you
have a record of it from which you can extrapolate milestones, predict
product versions for integration, and follow the discussion trail
that led to critical decisions.</P
><P
>Ultimately, Bugzilla puts the power in your hands to improve your
value to your employer or business while providing a usable framework for
your natural attention to detail and knowledge store to flourish.</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="chapter"
><HR><H1
><A
NAME="using"
></A
>Chapter 3. Using Bugzilla</H1
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="how"
></A
>3.1. How do I use Bugzilla?</H1
><P
>This section contains information for end-users of Bugzilla.
There is a Bugzilla test installation, called
<A
HREF="http://landfill.bugzilla.org/"
TARGET="_top"
>Landfill</A
>,
which you are welcome to play with (if it's up.)
However, it does not necessarily
have all Bugzilla features enabled, and often runs cutting-edge versions
of Bugzilla for testing, so some things may work slightly differently
than mentioned here.</P
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="myaccount"
></A
>3.1.1. Create a Bugzilla Account</H2
><P
>If you want to use Bugzilla, first you need to create an account.
Consult with the administrator responsible for your installation of
Bugzilla for the URL you should use to access it. If you're
test-driving Bugzilla, use this URL:
<A
HREF="http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-tip/"
TARGET="_top"
> http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-tip/</A
>
</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>Click the
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Open a new Bugzilla account"</SPAN
>
link, enter your email address and, optionally, your name in the
spaces provided, then click
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Create Account"</SPAN
>
.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Within moments, you should receive an email to the address
you provided above, which contains your login name (generally the
same as the email address), and a password you can use to access
your account. This password is randomly generated, and can be
changed to something more memorable.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Click the
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Log In"</SPAN
>
link in the yellow area at the bottom of the page in your browser,
enter your email address and password into the spaces provided, and
click
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Login"</SPAN
>.
</P
></LI
></OL
><P
>You are now logged in. Bugzilla uses cookies for authentication
so, unless your IP address changes, you should not have to log in
again.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="bug_page"
></A
>3.1.2. Anatomy of a Bug</H2
><P
>The core of Bugzilla is the screen which displays a particular
bug. It's a good place to explain some Bugzilla concepts.
<A
HREF="http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-tip/show_bug.cgi?id=1"
TARGET="_top"
> Bug 1 on Landfill</A
>
is a good example. Note that the labels for most fields are hyperlinks;
clicking them will take you to context-sensitive help on that
particular field. Fields marked * may not be present on every
installation of Bugzilla.</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> <EM
>Product and Component</EM
>:
Bugs are divided up by Product and Component, with a Product
having one or more Components in it. For example,
bugzilla.mozilla.org's "Bugzilla" Product is composed of several
Components:
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <EM
>Administration:</EM
>
Administration of a Bugzilla installation.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <EM
>Bugzilla-General:</EM
>
Anything that doesn't fit in the other components, or spans
multiple components.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <EM
>Creating/Changing Bugs:</EM
>
Creating, changing, and viewing bugs.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <EM
>Documentation:</EM
>
The Bugzilla documentation, including The Bugzilla Guide.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <EM
>Email:</EM
>
Anything to do with email sent by Bugzilla.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <EM
>Installation:</EM
>
The installation process of Bugzilla.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <EM
>Query/Buglist:</EM
>
Anything to do with searching for bugs and viewing the
buglists.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <EM
>Reporting/Charting:</EM
>
Getting reports from Bugzilla.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <EM
>User Accounts:</EM
>
Anything about managing a user account from the user's perspective.
Saved queries, creating accounts, changing passwords, logging in,
etc.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <EM
>User Interface:</EM
>
General issues having to do with the user interface cosmetics (not
functionality) including cosmetic issues, HTML templates,
etc.</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>Status and Resolution:</EM
>
These define exactly what state the bug is in - from not even
being confirmed as a bug, through to being fixed and the fix
confirmed by Quality Assurance. The different possible values for
Status and Resolution on your installation should be documented in the
context-sensitive help for those items.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>Assigned To:</EM
>
The person responsible for fixing the bug.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>*URL:</EM
>
A URL associated with the bug, if any.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>Summary:</EM
>
A one-sentence summary of the problem.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>*Status Whiteboard:</EM
>
(a.k.a. Whiteboard) A free-form text area for adding short notes
and tags to a bug.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>*Keywords:</EM
>
The administrator can define keywords which you can use to tag and
categorise bugs - e.g. The Mozilla Project has keywords like crash
and regression.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>Platform and OS:</EM
>
These indicate the computing environment where the bug was
found.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>Version:</EM
>
The "Version" field is usually used for versions of a product which
have been released, and is set to indicate which versions of a
Component have the particular problem the bug report is
about.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>Priority:</EM
>
The bug assignee uses this field to prioritise his or her bugs.
It's a good idea not to change this on other people's bugs.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>Severity:</EM
>
This indicates how severe the problem is - from blocker
("application unusable") to trivial ("minor cosmetic issue"). You
can also use this field to indicate whether a bug is an enhancement
request.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>*Target:</EM
>
(a.k.a. Target Milestone) A future version by which the bug is to
be fixed. e.g. The Bugzilla Project's milestones for future
Bugzilla versions are 2.18, 2.20, 3.0, etc. Milestones are not
restricted to numbers, thought - you can use any text strings, such
as dates.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>Reporter:</EM
>
The person who filed the bug.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>CC list:</EM
>
A list of people who get mail when the bug changes.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>Attachments:</EM
>
You can attach files (e.g. testcases or patches) to bugs. If there
are any attachments, they are listed in this section.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>*Dependencies:</EM
>
If this bug cannot be fixed unless other bugs are fixed (depends
on), or this bug stops other bugs being fixed (blocks), their
numbers are recorded here.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>*Votes:</EM
>
Whether this bug has any votes.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>Additional Comments:</EM
>
You can add your two cents to the bug discussion here, if you have
something worthwhile to say.</P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="query"
></A
>3.1.3. Searching for Bugs</H2
><P
>The Bugzilla Search page is is the interface where you can find
any bug report, comment, or patch currently in the Bugzilla system. You
can play with it here:
<A
HREF="http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-tip/query.cgi"
TARGET="_top"
> landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-tip/query.cgi</A
>
.</P
><P
>The Search page has controls for selecting different possible
values for all of the fields in a bug, as described above. Once you've
defined a search, you can either run it, or save it as a Remembered
Query, which can optionally appear in the footer of your pages.</P
><P
>Highly advanced querying is done using Boolean Charts, which have
their own
<A
HREF="http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-tip/booleanchart.html"
TARGET="_top"
> context-sensitive help</A
>
.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="list"
></A
>3.1.4. Bug Lists</H2
><P
>If you run a search, a list of matching bugs will be returned.
The default search is to return all open bugs on the system - don't try
running this search on a Bugzilla installation with a lot of
bugs!</P
><P
>The format of the list is configurable. For example, it can be
sorted by clicking the column headings. Other useful features can be
accessed using the links at the bottom of the list:
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <EM
>Long Format:</EM
>
this gives you a large page with a non-editable summary of the fields
of each bug.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <EM
>Change Columns:</EM
>
change the bug attributes which appear in the list.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <EM
>Change several bugs at once:</EM
>
If your account is sufficiently empowered, you can make the same
change to all the bugs in the list - for example, changing their
owner.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <EM
>Send mail to bug owners:</EM
>
Sends mail to the owners of all bugs on the list.</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <EM
>Edit this query:</EM
>
If you didn't get exactly the results you were looking for, you can
return to the Query page through this link and make small revisions
to the query you just made so you get more accurate results.</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="bugreports"
></A
>3.1.5. Filing Bugs</H2
><P
>Years of bug writing experience has been distilled for your
reading pleasure into the
<A
HREF="http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-tip/bugwritinghelp.html"
TARGET="_top"
> Bug Writing Guidelines</A
>.
While some of the advice is Mozilla-specific, the basic principles of
reporting Reproducible, Specific bugs, isolating the Product you are
using, the Version of the Product, the Component which failed, the
Hardware Platform, and Operating System you were using at the time of
the failure go a long way toward ensuring accurate, responsible fixes
for the bug that bit you.</P
><P
>The procedure for filing a test bug is as follows:</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>Go to
<A
HREF="http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-tip/"
TARGET="_top"
> Landfill</A
>
in your browser and click
<A
HREF="http://landfill.bugzilla.org/bugzilla-tip/enter_bug.cgi"
TARGET="_top"
> Enter a new bug report</A
>.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Select a product - any one will do.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Fill in the fields. Bugzilla should have made reasonable
guesses, based upon your browser, for the "Platform" and "OS"
drop-down boxes. If they are wrong, change them.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Select "Commit" and send in your bug report.</P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="hintsandtips"
></A
>3.2. Hints and Tips</H1
><P
>This section distills some Bugzilla tips and best practices
that have been developed.</P
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN370"
></A
>3.2.1. Autolinkification</H2
><P
>Bugzilla comments are plain text - so posting HTML will result
in literal HTML tags rather than being interpreted by a browser.
However, Bugzilla will automatically make hyperlinks out of certain
sorts of text in comments. For example, the text
http://www.bugzilla.org will be turned into
<A
HREF="http://www.bugzilla.org"
TARGET="_top"
>http://www.bugzilla.org</A
>.
Other strings which get linkified in the obvious manner are:
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>bug 12345</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>bug 23456, comment 53</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>attachment 4321</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>mailto:george@example.com</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>george@example.com</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>ftp://ftp.mozilla.org</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>Most other sorts of URL</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
</P
><P
>A corollary here is that if you type a bug number in a comment,
you should put the word "bug" before it, so it gets autolinkified
for the convenience of others.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="quicksearch"
></A
>3.2.2. Quicksearch</H2
><P
>Quicksearch is a single-text-box query tool which uses
metacharacters to indicate what is to be searched. For example, typing
"<TT
CLASS="filename"
>foo|bar</TT
>"
into Quicksearch would search for "foo" or "bar" in the
summary and status whiteboard of a bug; adding
"<TT
CLASS="filename"
>:BazProduct</TT
>" would
search only in that product.
</P
><P
>You'll find the Quicksearch box on Bugzilla's
front page, along with a
<A
HREF="../../quicksearch.html"
TARGET="_top"
>Help</A
>
link which details how to use it.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="commenting"
></A
>3.2.3. Comments</H2
><P
>If you are changing the fields on a bug, only comment if
either you have something pertinent to say, or Bugzilla requires it.
Otherwise, you may spam people unnecessarily with bug mail.
To take an example: a user can set up their account to filter out messages
where someone just adds themselves to the CC field of a bug
(which happens a lot.) If you come along, add yourself to the CC field,
and add a comment saying "Adding self to CC", then that person
gets a pointless piece of mail they would otherwise have avoided.
</P
><P
> Don't use sigs in comments. Signing your name ("Bill") is acceptable,
particularly if you do it out of habit, but full mail/news-style
four line ASCII art creations are not.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="attachments"
></A
>3.2.4. Attachments</H2
><P
> Use attachments, rather than comments, for large chunks of ASCII data,
such as trace, debugging output files, or log files. That way, it doesn't
bloat the bug for everyone who wants to read it, and cause people to
receive fat, useless mails.
</P
><P
>Trim screenshots. There's no need to show the whole screen if
you are pointing out a single-pixel problem.
</P
><P
>Don't attach simple test cases (e.g. one HTML file, one
CSS file and an image) as a ZIP file. Instead, upload them in
reverse order and edit the referring file so that they point to the
attached files. This way, the test case works immediately
out of the bug.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN399"
></A
>3.2.5. Filing Bugs</H2
><P
>Try to make sure that everything said in the summary is also
said in the first comment. Summaries are often updated and this will
ensure your original information is easily accessible.
</P
><P
> You do not need to put "any" or similar strings in the URL field.
If there is no specific URL associated with the bug, leave this
field blank.
</P
><P
>If you feel a bug you filed was incorrectly marked as a
DUPLICATE of another, please question it in your bug, not
the bug it was duped to. Feel free to CC the person who duped it
if they are not already CCed.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="userpreferences"
></A
>3.3. User Preferences</H1
><P
>Once you have logged in, you can customise various aspects of
Bugzilla via the "Edit prefs" link in the page footer.
The preferences are split into four tabs:</P
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="accountsettings"
></A
>3.3.1. Account Settings</H2
><P
>On this tab, you can change your basic account information,
including your password, email address and real name. For security
reasons, in order to change anything on this page you must type your
<EM
>current</EM
>
password into the
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Password"</SPAN
>
field at the top of the page.
If you attempt to change your email address, a confirmation
email is sent to both the old and new addresses, with a link to use to
confirm the change. This helps to prevent account hijacking.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="emailsettings"
></A
>3.3.2. Email Settings</H2
><P
>On this tab you can reduce or increase the amount of email sent
you from Bugzilla, opting in our out depending on your relationship to
the bug and the change that was made to it. (Note that you can also do
client-side filtering using the X-Bugzilla-Reason header which Bugzilla
adds to all bugmail.)</P
><P
>By entering user email names, delineated by commas, into the
"Users to watch" text entry box you can receive a copy of all the
bugmail of other users (security settings permitting.) This powerful
functionality enables seamless transitions as developers change
projects or users go on holiday.</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>The ability to watch other users may not be available in all
Bugzilla installations. If you can't see it, ask your
administrator.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="footersettings"
></A
>3.3.3. Page Footer</H2
><P
>On the Search page, you can store queries in Bugzilla, so if you
regularly run a particular query it is just a drop-down menu away.
Once you have a stored query, you can come
here to request that it also be displayed in your page footer.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="permissionsettings"
></A
>3.3.4. Permissions</H2
><P
>This is a purely informative page which outlines your current
permissions on this installation of Bugzilla - what product groups you
are in, and whether you can edit bugs or perform various administration
functions.</P
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="chapter"
><HR><H1
><A
NAME="installation"
></A
>Chapter 4. Installation</H1
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="stepbystep"
></A
>4.1. Step-by-step Install</H1
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="intstall-into"
></A
>4.1.1. Introduction</H2
><P
>Bugzilla has been successfully installed under Solaris, Linux,
and Win32. Win32 is not yet officially supported, but many people
have got it working fine.
Please see
<A
HREF="#os-win32"
>Section 4.3.1</A
>
for further advice on getting Bugzilla to work on Microsoft
Windows.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="install-package-list"
></A
>4.1.2. Package List</H2
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> If you are running the very most recent
version of Perl and MySQL (both the executables and development
libraries) on your system, you can skip these manual installation
steps for the Perl modules by using Bundle::Bugzilla; see
<A
HREF="#bundlebugzilla"
>Using Bundle::Bugzilla instead of manually installing Perl modules</A
>.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>The software packages necessary for the proper running of
Bugzilla (with download links) are:
<P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> <A
HREF="http://www.mysql.com/"
TARGET="_top"
>MySQL database server</A
>
(3.23.41 or greater)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <A
HREF="http://www.perl.org"
TARGET="_top"
>Perl</A
>
(5.6, 5.6.1 is recommended if you wish to
use Bundle::Bugzilla)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Perl Modules (minimum version):
<P
></P
><OL
TYPE="a"
><LI
><P
> <A
HREF="http://www.template-toolkit.org"
TARGET="_top"
>Template</A
>
(v2.08)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <A
HREF="http://www.perldoc.com/perl5.6/lib/File/Temp.html"
TARGET="_top"
> File::Temp</A
>
(1.804) (Prerequisite for Template)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <A
HREF="http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/AppConfig/"
TARGET="_top"
>AppConfig
</A
>
(1.52)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <A
HREF="http://www.cpan.org/authors/id/MUIR/modules/Text-Tabs%2BWrap-2001.0131.tar.gz"
TARGET="_top"
>Text::Wrap</A
>
(2001.0131)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <A
HREF="http://search.cpan.org/search?dist=File-Spec"
TARGET="_top"
>File::Spec
</A
>
(0.82)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <A
HREF="http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/Data/"
TARGET="_top"
>Data::Dumper
</A
>
(any)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <A
HREF="http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/Mysql/"
TARGET="_top"
>DBD::mysql
</A
>
(2.1010)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <A
HREF="http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/DBI/"
TARGET="_top"
>DBI</A
>
(1.32)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <A
HREF="http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/Date/"
TARGET="_top"
>Date::Parse
</A
>
(2.21)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <A
HREF="http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/CGI/"
TARGET="_top"
>CGI
</A
>
(2.88)
</P
></LI
></OL
>
and, optionally:
<P
></P
><OL
TYPE="a"
><LI
><P
> <A
HREF="http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/GD/"
TARGET="_top"
>GD</A
>
(1.20) for bug charting
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> GD::Graph
(any) for bug charting
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> GD::Text::Align
(any) for bug charting
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <A
HREF="http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/Chart/"
TARGET="_top"
>Chart::Base
</A
>
(0.99c) for bug charting
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> XML::Parser
(any) for the XML interface
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> MIME::Parser
(any) for the email interface
</P
></LI
></OL
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> The web server of your choice.
<A
HREF="http://www.apache.org/"
TARGET="_top"
>Apache</A
>
is highly recommended.
</P
></LI
></OL
>
<DIV
CLASS="warning"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="warning"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/warning.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Warning"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>It is a good idea, while installing Bugzilla, to ensure that there
is some kind of firewall between you and the rest of the Internet,
because your machine may be insecure for periods during the install.
Many
installation steps require an active Internet connection to complete,
but you must take care to ensure that at no point is your machine
vulnerable to an attack.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="install-mysql"
></A
>4.1.3. MySQL</H2
><P
>Visit the MySQL homepage at
<A
HREF="http://www.mysql.com"
TARGET="_top"
>www.mysql.com</A
>
to grab and install the latest stable release of the server.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> Many of the binary
versions of MySQL store their data files in
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>/var</TT
>.
On some Unix systems, this is part of a smaller root partition,
and may not have room for your bug database. You can set the data
directory as an option to <TT
CLASS="filename"
>configure</TT
>
if you build MySQL from source yourself.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>If you install from something other than an RPM or Debian
package, you will need to add <TT
CLASS="filename"
>mysqld</TT
>
to your init scripts so the server daemon will come back up whenever
your machine reboots. Further discussion of UNIX init sequences are
beyond the scope of this guide.
</P
><P
>Change your init script to start
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>mysqld</TT
>
with the ability to accept large packets. By default,
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>mysqld</TT
>
only accepts packets up to 64K long. This limits the size of
attachments you may put on bugs. If you add
<TT
CLASS="option"
>-O max_allowed_packet=1M</TT
>
to the command that starts
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>mysqld</TT
>
(or <TT
CLASS="filename"
>safe_mysqld</TT
>),
then you will be able to have attachments up to about 1 megabyte.
There is a Bugzilla parameter for maximum attachment size;
you should configure it to match the value you choose here.</P
><P
>If you plan on running Bugzilla and MySQL on the same machine,
consider using the
<TT
CLASS="option"
>--skip-networking</TT
>
option in the init script. This enhances security by preventing
network access to MySQL.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="install-perl"
></A
>4.1.4. Perl</H2
><P
>Any machine that doesn't have Perl on it is a sad machine indeed.
Perl can be got in source form from
<A
HREF="http://www.perl.com"
TARGET="_top"
>perl.com</A
> for the rare
*nix systems which don't have it.
Although Bugzilla runs with perl 5.6,
it's a good idea to be up to the very latest version
if you can when running Bugzilla. As of this writing, that is Perl
version 5.8.</P
><DIV
CLASS="tip"
><A
NAME="bundlebugzilla"
></A
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="tip"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>You can skip the following Perl module installation steps by
installing
<SPAN
CLASS="productname"
>Bundle::Bugzilla</SPAN
>
from
<A
HREF="#gloss-cpan"
><I
CLASS="glossterm"
>CPAN</I
></A
>,
which installs all required modules for you.</P
><P
> <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>perl -MCPAN -e 'install "Bundle::Bugzilla"'</B
>
</TT
>
</P
><P
>Bundle::Bugzilla doesn't include GD, Chart::Base, or
MIME::Parser, which are not essential to a basic Bugzilla install. If
installing this bundle fails, you should install each module
individually to isolate the problem.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="perl-modules"
></A
>4.1.5. Perl Modules</H2
><P
>
All Perl modules can be found on the
<A
HREF="http://www.cpan.org"
TARGET="_top"
>Comprehensive Perl
Archive Network</A
> (CPAN). The
CPAN servers have a real tendency to bog down, so please use mirrors.
</P
><P
>Quality, general Perl module installation instructions can be
found on the CPAN website, but the easy thing to do is to just use the
CPAN shell which does all the hard work for you.
To use the CPAN shell to install a module:
</P
><P
> <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>perl -MCPAN -e 'install "<modulename>"'</B
>
</TT
>
</P
><P
> To do it the hard way:
</P
><P
>Untar the module tarball -- it should create its own
directory</P
><P
>CD to the directory just created, and enter the following
commands:
<P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>perl Makefile.PL</B
>
</TT
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>make</B
>
</TT
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>make test</B
>
</TT
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>make install</B
>
</TT
>
</P
></LI
></OL
>
</P
><DIV
CLASS="warning"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="warning"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/warning.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Warning"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>Many people complain that Perl modules will not install for
them. Most times, the error messages complain that they are missing a
file in
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"@INC"</SPAN
>.
Virtually every time, this error is due to permissions being set too
restrictively for you to compile Perl modules or not having the
necessary Perl development libraries installed on your system.
Consult your local UNIX systems administrator for help solving these
permissions issues; if you
<EM
>are</EM
>
the local UNIX sysadmin, please consult the newsgroup/mailing list
for further assistance or hire someone to help you out.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN566"
></A
>4.1.5.1. DBI</H3
><P
>The DBI module is a generic Perl module used the
MySQL-related modules. As long as your Perl installation was done
correctly the DBI module should be a breeze. It's a mixed Perl/C
module, but Perl's MakeMaker system simplifies the C compilation
greatly.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN569"
></A
>4.1.5.2. Data::Dumper</H3
><P
>The Data::Dumper module provides data structure persistence for
Perl (similar to Java's serialization). It comes with later
sub-releases of Perl 5.004, but a re-installation just to be sure it's
available won't hurt anything.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN572"
></A
>4.1.5.3. MySQL-related modules</H3
><P
>The Perl/MySQL interface requires a few mutually-dependent Perl
modules. These modules are grouped together into the the
Msql-Mysql-modules package.</P
><P
>The MakeMaker process will ask you a few questions about the
desired compilation target and your MySQL installation. For most of the
questions the provided default will be adequate, but when asked if your
desired target is the MySQL or mSQL packages, you should
select the MySQL related ones. Later you will be asked if you wish to
provide backwards compatibility with the older MySQL packages; you
should answer YES to this question. The default is NO.</P
><P
>A host of 'localhost' should be fine and a testing user of 'test'
with a null password should find itself with sufficient access to run
tests on the 'test' database which MySQL created upon installation.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN577"
></A
>4.1.5.4. TimeDate modules</H3
><P
>Many of the more common date/time/calendar related Perl modules
have been grouped into a bundle similar to the MySQL modules bundle.
This bundle is stored on the CPAN under the name TimeDate.
The component module we're most interested in is the Date::Format
module, but installing all of them is probably a good idea anyway.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN580"
></A
>4.1.5.5. GD (optional)</H3
><P
>The GD library was written by Thomas Boutell a long while ago to
programatically generate images in C. Since then it's become the
defacto standard for programmatic image construction. The Perl bindings
to it found in the GD library are used on millions of web pages to
generate graphs on the fly. That's what Bugzilla will be using it for
so you must install it if you want any of the graphing to work.</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>The Perl GD library requires some other libraries that may or
may not be installed on your system, including
<TT
CLASS="classname"
>libpng</TT
>
and
<TT
CLASS="classname"
>libgd</TT
>.
The full requirements are listed in the Perl GD library README.
If compiling GD fails, it's probably because you're
missing a required library.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN587"
></A
>4.1.5.6. Chart::Base (optional)</H3
><P
>The Chart module provides Bugzilla with on-the-fly charting
abilities. It can be installed in the usual fashion after it has been
fetched from CPAN.
Note that earlier versions that 0.99c used GIFs, which are no longer
supported by the latest versions of GD.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN590"
></A
>4.1.5.7. Template Toolkit</H3
><P
>When you install Template Toolkit, you'll get asked various
questions about features to enable. The defaults are fine, except
that it is recommended you use the high speed XS Stash of the Template
Toolkit, in order to achieve best performance.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="sbs-http"
></A
>4.1.6. HTTP Server</H2
><P
>You have freedom of choice here, pretty much any web server that
is capable of running <A
HREF="#gloss-cgi"
><I
CLASS="glossterm"
>CGI</I
></A
>
scripts will work. <A
HREF="#http"
>Section 4.4</A
> has more information about
configuring web servers to work with Bugzilla.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>We strongly recommend Apache as the web server to use. The
Bugzilla Guide installation instructions, in general, assume you are
using Apache. If you have got Bugzilla working using another webserver,
please share your experiences with us.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN600"
></A
>4.1.7. Bugzilla</H2
><P
>You should untar the Bugzilla files into a directory that you're
willing to make writable by the default web server user (probably
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"nobody"</SPAN
>).
You may decide to put the files in the main web space for your
web server or perhaps in
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>/usr/local</TT
>
with a symbolic link in the web space that points to the Bugzilla
directory.</P
><DIV
CLASS="tip"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="tip"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>If you symlink the bugzilla directory into your Apache's HTML
hierarchy, you may receive
<SPAN
CLASS="errorname"
>Forbidden</SPAN
>
errors unless you add the
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"FollowSymLinks"</SPAN
>
directive to the <Directory> entry for the HTML root
in httpd.conf.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>Once all the files are in a web accessible directory, make that
directory writable by your webserver's user. This is a temporary step
until you run the post-install
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>checksetup.pl</TT
>
script, which locks down your installation.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN611"
></A
>4.1.8. Setting Up the MySQL Database</H2
><P
>After you've gotten all the software installed and working you're
ready to start preparing the database for its life as the back end to
a high quality bug tracker.</P
><P
>First, you'll want to fix MySQL permissions to allow access from
Bugzilla. For the purpose of this Installation section, the Bugzilla
username will be
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"bugs"</SPAN
>, and will have minimal permissions.
</P
><P
>Begin by giving the MySQL root user a password. MySQL passwords are limited
to 16 characters.
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>mysql -u root mysql</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>mysql></TT
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('<new_password>')
WHERE user='root';</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>mysql></TT
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
From this point on, if you need to access MySQL as the MySQL root user,
you will need to use
<B
CLASS="command"
>mysql -u root -p</B
>
and enter <new_password>. Remember that MySQL user names have
nothing to do with Unix user names (login names).</P
><P
>Next, we use an SQL <B
CLASS="command"
>GRANT</B
> command to create a
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"bugs"</SPAN
>
user, and grant sufficient permissions for checksetup.pl, which we'll
use later, to work its magic. This also restricts the
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"bugs"</SPAN
>
user to operations within a database called
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"bugs"</SPAN
>, and only allows the account to connect from
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"localhost"</SPAN
>.
Modify it to reflect your setup if you will be connecting from
another machine or as a different user.</P
><P
>Remember to set <bugs_password> to some unique password.
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>mysql></TT
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,INDEX,
ALTER,CREATE,DROP,REFERENCES ON bugs.* TO bugs@localhost
IDENTIFIED BY '<bugs_password>';</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>mysql></TT
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>If you are using MySQL 4, the bugs user also needs to be granted
the LOCK TABLES and CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES permissions.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN649"
></A
>4.1.9. <TT
CLASS="filename"
>checksetup.pl</TT
></H2
><P
>Next, run the magic checksetup.pl script. (Many thanks to
<A
HREF="mailto:holgerschurig@nikocity.de"
TARGET="_top"
>Holger Schurig </A
>
for writing this script!)
This script is designed to make sure your MySQL database and other
configuration options are consistent with the Bugzilla CGI files.
It will make sure Bugzilla files and directories have reasonable
permissions, set up the
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>data</TT
>
directory, and create all the MySQL tables.
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>./checksetup.pl</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
The first time you run it, it will create a file called
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>localconfig</TT
>.</P
><P
>This file contains a variety of settings you may need to tweak
including how Bugzilla should connect to the MySQL database.</P
><P
>The connection settings include:
<P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>server's host: just use
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"localhost"</SPAN
>
if the MySQL server is local</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>database name:
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"bugs"</SPAN
>
if you're following these directions</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>MySQL username:
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"bugs"</SPAN
>
if you're following these directions</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Password for the
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"bugs"</SPAN
>
MySQL account; (<bugs_password>) above</P
></LI
></OL
>
</P
><P
>Once you are happy with the settings,
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>su</TT
> to the user
your web server runs as, and re-run
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>checksetup.pl</TT
>. (Note: on some security-conscious
systems, you may need to change the login shell for the webserver
account before you can do this.)
On this second run, it will create the database and an administrator
account for which you will be prompted to provide information.</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>The checksetup.pl script is designed so that you can run it at
any time without causing harm. You should run it after any upgrade to
Bugzilla.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN681"
></A
>4.1.10. Configuring Bugzilla</H2
><P
> You should run through the parameters on the Edit Parameters page
(link in the footer) and set them all to appropriate values.
They key parameters are documented in <A
HREF="#parameters"
>Section 5.1</A
>.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="extraconfig"
></A
>4.2. Optional Additional Configuration</H1
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN687"
></A
>4.2.1. Dependency Charts</H2
><P
>As well as the text-based dependency graphs, Bugzilla also
supports dependency graphing, using a package called 'dot'.
Exactly how this works is controlled by the 'webdotbase' parameter,
which can have one of three values:
</P
><P
> <P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> A complete file path to the command 'dot' (part of
<A
HREF="http://www.graphviz.org/"
TARGET="_top"
>GraphViz</A
>)
will generate the graphs locally
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> A URL prefix pointing to an installation of the webdot package will
generate the graphs remotely
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> A blank value will disable dependency graphing.
</P
></LI
></OL
>
</P
><P
>So, to get this working, install
<A
HREF="http://www.graphviz.org/"
TARGET="_top"
>GraphViz</A
>. If you
do that, you need to
<A
HREF="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/mod/mod_imap.html"
TARGET="_top"
>enable
server-side image maps</A
> in Apache.
Alternatively, you could set up a webdot server, or use the AT&T
public webdot server (the
default for the webdotbase param). Note that AT&T's server won't work
if Bugzilla is only accessible using HARTS.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN702"
></A
>4.2.2. Bug Graphs</H2
><P
>As long as you installed the GD and Graph::Base Perl modules you
might as well turn on the nifty Bugzilla bug reporting graphs.</P
><P
>Add a cron entry like this to run
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>collectstats.pl</TT
>
daily at 5 after midnight:
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>crontab -e</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
>5 0 * * * cd <your-bugzilla-directory> ;
./collectstats.pl</TT
>
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
</P
><P
>After two days have passed you'll be able to view bug graphs from
the Bug Reports page.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN715"
></A
>4.2.3. The Whining Cron</H2
><P
>By now you have a fully functional Bugzilla, but what good are
bugs if they're not annoying? To help make those bugs more annoying you
can set up Bugzilla's automatic whining system to complain at engineers
which leave their bugs in the NEW state without triaging them.
</P
><P
> This can be done by
adding the following command as a daily crontab entry (for help on that
see that crontab man page):
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
> <B
CLASS="command"
>cd <your-bugzilla-directory> ;
./whineatnews.pl</B
>
</TT
>
</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
</P
><DIV
CLASS="tip"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="tip"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>Depending on your system, crontab may have several manpages.
The following command should lead you to the most useful page for
this purpose:
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> man 5 crontab
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="bzldap"
></A
>4.2.4. LDAP Authentication</H2
><P
> <DIV
CLASS="warning"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="warning"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/warning.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Warning"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>This information on using the LDAP
authentication options with Bugzilla is old, and the authors do
not know of anyone who has tested it. Approach with caution.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</P
><P
> The existing authentication
scheme for Bugzilla uses email addresses as the primary user ID, and a
password to authenticate that user. All places within Bugzilla where
you need to deal with user ID (e.g assigning a bug) use the email
address. The LDAP authentication builds on top of this scheme, rather
than replacing it. The initial log in is done with a username and
password for the LDAP directory. This then fetches the email address
from LDAP and authenticates seamlessly in the standard Bugzilla
authentication scheme using this email address. If an account for this
address already exists in your Bugzilla system, it will log in to that
account. If no account for that email address exists, one is created at
the time of login. (In this case, Bugzilla will attempt to use the
"displayName" or "cn" attribute to determine the user's full name.)
After authentication, all other user-related tasks are still handled by
email address, not LDAP username. You still assign bugs by email
address, query on users by email address, etc.
</P
><P
>Using LDAP for Bugzilla authentication requires the
Mozilla::LDAP (aka PerLDAP) Perl module. The
Mozilla::LDAP module in turn requires Netscape's Directory SDK for C.
After you have installed the SDK, then install the PerLDAP module.
Mozilla::LDAP and the Directory SDK for C are both
<A
HREF="http://www.mozilla.org/directory/"
TARGET="_top"
>available for
download</A
> from mozilla.org.
</P
><P
> Set the Param 'useLDAP' to "On" **only** if you will be using an LDAP
directory for
authentication. Be very careful when setting up this parameter; if you
set LDAP authentication, but do not have a valid LDAP directory set up,
you will not be able to log back in to Bugzilla once you log out. (If
this happens, you can get back in by manually editing the data/params
file, and setting useLDAP back to 0.)
</P
><P
>If using LDAP, you must set the
three additional parameters: Set LDAPserver to the name (and optionally
port) of your LDAP server. If no port is specified, it defaults to the
default port of 389. (e.g "ldap.mycompany.com" or
"ldap.mycompany.com:1234") Set LDAPBaseDN to the base DN for searching
for users in your LDAP directory. (e.g. "ou=People,o=MyCompany") uids
must be unique under the DN specified here. Set LDAPmailattribute to
the name of the attribute in your LDAP directory which contains the
primary email address. On most directory servers available, this is
"mail", but you may need to change this.
</P
><P
>You can also try using <A
HREF="http://www.openldap.org/"
TARGET="_top"
> OpenLDAP</A
> with Bugzilla, using any of a number of administration
tools. You should apply the patch attached this bug:
<A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=158630"
TARGET="_top"
> http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=158630</A
>, then set
the following object classes for your users:
<P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>objectClass: person</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>objectClass: organizationalPerson</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>objectClass: inetOrgPerson</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>objectClass: top</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>objectClass: posixAccount</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>objectClass: shadowAccount</P
></LI
></OL
>
Please note that this patch <EM
>has not</EM
> yet been
accepted by the Bugzilla team, and so you may need to do some
manual tweaking. That said, it looks like Net::LDAP is probably
the way to go in the future.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="content-type"
></A
>4.2.5. Preventing untrusted Bugzilla content from executing malicious
Javascript code</H2
><P
>It is possible for a Bugzilla to execute malicious Javascript
code. Due to internationalization concerns, we are unable to
incorporate the code changes necessary to fulfill the CERT advisory
requirements mentioned in
<A
HREF="http://www.cet.org/tech_tips/malicious_code_mitigation.html/#3"
TARGET="_top"
> http://www.cet.org/tech_tips/malicious_code_mitigation.html/#3</A
>.
Executing the following code snippet from a UNIX command shell will
rectify the problem if your Bugzilla installation is intended for an
English-speaking audience. As always, be sure your Bugzilla
installation has a good backup before making changes, and I recommend
you understand what the script is doing before executing it.</P
><P
> <TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> bash# perl -pi -e "s/Content-Type\: text\/html/Content-Type\: text\/html\; charset=ISO-8859-1/i" *.cgi *.pl
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
</P
><P
>All this one-liner command does is search for all instances of
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Content-type: text/html"</SPAN
>
and replaces it with
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"</SPAN
>
. This specification prevents possible Javascript attacks on the
browser, and is suggested for all English-speaking sites. For
non-English-speaking Bugzilla sites, I suggest changing
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"ISO-8859-1"</SPAN
>, above, to
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"UTF-8"</SPAN
>.</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>Using <meta> tags to set the charset is not
recommended, as there's a bug in Netscape 4.x which causes pages
marked up in this way to load twice. See
<A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=126266"
TARGET="_top"
>bug
126266</A
> for more information including progress toward making
bugzilla charset aware by default.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="directoryindex"
></A
>4.2.6. <TT
CLASS="filename"
>directoryindex</TT
> for the Bugzilla default page.</H2
><P
>You should modify the <DirectoryIndex> parameter for
the Apache virtual host running your Bugzilla installation to
allow <TT
CLASS="filename"
>index.cgi</TT
> as the index page for a
directory, as well as the usual <TT
CLASS="filename"
>index.html</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>index.htm</TT
>, and so forth. </P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="mod_perl"
></A
>4.2.7. Bugzilla and <TT
CLASS="filename"
>mod_perl</TT
></H2
><P
>Bugzilla is unsupported under mod_perl. Effort is underway
to make it work cleanly in a mod_perl environment, but it is
slow going.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="mod-throttle"
></A
>4.2.8. <TT
CLASS="filename"
>mod_throttle</TT
>
and Security</H2
><P
>It is possible for a user, by mistake or on purpose, to access
the database many times in a row which can result in very slow access
speeds for other users. If your Bugzilla installation is experiencing
this problem , you may install the Apache module
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>mod_throttle</TT
>
which can limit connections by ip-address. You may download this module
at
<A
HREF="http://www.snert.com/Software/mod_throttle/"
TARGET="_top"
>http://www.snert.com/Software/mod_throttle/</A
>
Follow the instructions to install into your Apache install.
<EM
>This module only functions with the Apache web
server!</EM
>
You may use the
<B
CLASS="command"
>ThrottleClientIP</B
>
command provided by this module to accomplish this goal. See the
<A
HREF="http://www.snert.com/Software/mod_throttle/"
TARGET="_top"
>Module
Instructions</A
>
for more information.</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="os-specific"
></A
>4.3. OS Specific Installation Notes</H1
><P
>Many aspects of the Bugzilla installation can be affected by the
the operating system you choose to install it on. Sometimes it can be made
easier and others more difficult. This section will attempt to help you
understand both the difficulties of running on specific operating systems
and the utilities available to make it easier.
</P
><P
>If you have anything to add or notes for an operating system not
covered, please file a bug in <A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=Bugzilla&component=Documentation"
TARGET="_top"
>Bugzilla Documentation</A
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="os-win32"
></A
>4.3.1. Microsoft Windows</H2
><P
>Making Bugzilla work on windows is still a very painful processes.
The Bugzilla Team is working to make it easier, but that goal is not
considered a top priority. If you wish to run Bugzilla, we still
recommend doing so on a Unix based system such as GNU/Linux. As of this
writing, all members of the Bugzilla team and all known large installations
run on Unix based systems.
</P
><P
>If after hearing all that, you have enough pain tolerance to attempt
installing Bugzilla on Win32, here are some pointers.
Because this is a development version of the guide, these instructions
are subject to change without notice. In fact, the Bugzilla Team hopes
they do as we would like to have Bugzilla resonabally close to "out of
the box" compatibility by the 2.18 release.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="win32-perl"
></A
>4.3.1.1. Win32 Perl</H3
><P
>Perl for Windows can be obtained from <A
HREF="http://www.activestate.com/"
TARGET="_top"
>ActiveState</A
>. You should be
able to find a compiled binary at <A
HREF="http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Downloads/ActivePerl/"
TARGET="_top"
>http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Downloads/ActivePerl/</A
>.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="win32-perl-modules"
></A
>4.3.1.2. Perl Modules on Win32</H3
><P
>Bugzilla on Windows requires the same perl modules found in
<A
HREF="#install-package-list"
>Section 4.1.2</A
>. The main difference is that
windows uses <B
CLASS="command"
>ppm</B
> instead of CPAN.
</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> C:\perl> <B
CLASS="command"
>ppm <module name></B
>
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>The above syntax should work for all modules with the exception
of Template Toolkit. The <A
HREF="http://tt2.org/download.html#win32"
TARGET="_top"
>Template Toolkit website</A
>
suggests using the instructions on <A
HREF="http://openinteract.sourceforge.net/"
TARGET="_top"
>OpenInteract's website</A
>.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="tip"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="tip"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>A complete list of modules that can be installed using ppm can
be found at <A
HREF="http://www.activestate.com/PPMPackages/5.6plus"
TARGET="_top"
>http://www.activestate.com/PPMPackages/5.6plus</A
>.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="win32-code-changes"
></A
>4.3.1.3. Code changes required to run on win32</H3
><P
>Unfortunately, Bugzilla still doesn't run "out of the box" on
Windows. There is work in progress to make this easier, but until that
happens code will have to be modified. This section is an attempt to
list the required changes. It is an attempt to be all inclusive, but
there may be other changes required. If you find something is missing,
please file a bug in <A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=Bugzilla&component=Documentation"
TARGET="_top"
>Bugzilla Documentation</A
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H4
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="win32-code-checksetup"
></A
>4.3.1.3.1. Changes to <TT
CLASS="filename"
>checksetup.pl</TT
></H4
><P
>In <TT
CLASS="filename"
>checksetup.pl</TT
>, the line reading:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> my $mysql_binaries = `which mysql`;
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>to</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> my $mysql_binaries = "D:\\mysql\\bin\\mysql";
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>And you'll also need to change:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> my $webservergid = getgrnam($my_webservergroup)
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>to</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> my $webservergid = '8'
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="win32-http"
></A
>4.3.1.4. Serving the web pages</H3
><P
>As is the case on Unix based systems, any web server should be
able to handle Bugzilla; however, the Bugzilla Team still recommends
Apache whenever asked. No matter what web server you choose, be sure
to pay attention to the security notes in <A
HREF="#security-access"
>Section 5.6.4</A
>.
More information on configuring specific web servers can be found in
<A
HREF="#http"
>Section 4.4</A
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>If using Apache on windows, you can set the <A
HREF="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#scriptinterpretersource"
TARGET="_top"
>ScriptInterpreterSource</A
>
directive in your Apache config, if you don't do this, you'll have
to modify the first line of every script to contain your path to
perl instead of <TT
CLASS="filename"
>/usr/bin/perl</TT
>.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="os-macosx"
></A
>4.3.2. <SPAN
CLASS="productname"
>Mac OS X</SPAN
></H2
><P
>There are a lot of common libraries and utilities out there that
Apple did not include with Mac OS X, but which run perfectly well on it.
The GD library, which Bugzilla needs to do bug graphs, is one of
these.</P
><P
>The easiest way to get a lot of these is with a program called
Fink, which is similar in nature to the CPAN installer, but installs
common GNU utilities. Fink is available from
<A
HREF="http://sourceforge.net/projects/fink/"
TARGET="_top"
>http://sourceforge.net/projects/fink/</A
>.</P
><P
>Follow the instructions for setting up Fink. Once it's installed,
you'll want to run the following as root:
<B
CLASS="command"
>fink install gd</B
>
</P
><P
>It will prompt you for a number of dependencies, type 'y' and hit
enter to install all of the dependencies. Then watch it work.</P
><P
>To prevent creating conflicts with the software that Apple installs
by default, Fink creates its own directory tree at /sw where it installs
most of the software that it installs. This means your libraries and
headers for libgd will be at /sw/lib and /sw/include instead of /usr/lib
and /usr/local/include. Because of these changed locations for the
libraries, the Perl GD module will not install directly via CPAN, because it
looks for the specific paths instead of getting them from your
environment. But there's a way around that :-)</P
><P
>Instead of typing
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"install GD"</SPAN
>
at the
<TT
CLASS="prompt"
>cpan></TT
>
prompt, type
<B
CLASS="command"
>look GD</B
>.
This should go through the motions of downloading the latest version of
the GD module, then it will open a shell and drop you into the build
directory. Apply <A
HREF="../xml/gd-makefile.patch"
TARGET="_top"
>this patch</A
>
to the Makefile.PL file (save the
patch into a file and use the command
<B
CLASS="command"
>patch < patchfile</B
>.)
</P
><P
>Then, run these commands to finish the installation of the GD
module:
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
> <B
CLASS="command"
>perl Makefile.PL</B
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <B
CLASS="command"
>make</B
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <B
CLASS="command"
>make test</B
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
> <B
CLASS="command"
>make install</B
>
</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>And don't forget to run
<B
CLASS="command"
>exit</B
>
to get back to CPAN.</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="os-mandrake"
></A
>4.3.3. Linux-Mandrake 8.0</H2
><P
>Linux-Mandrake 8.0 includes every required and optional library
for Bugzilla. The easiest way to install them is by using the
<B
CLASS="command"
>urpmi</B
> utility. If you follow these commands, you
should have everything you need for Bugzilla, and
<B
CLASS="command"
>./checksetup.pl</B
> should not complain about any
missing libraries. You may already have some of these installed.
</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>bash#</TT
> <B
CLASS="command"
>urpmi perl-mysql</B
>
<TT
CLASS="prompt"
>bash#</TT
> <B
CLASS="command"
>urpmi perl-chart</B
>
<TT
CLASS="prompt"
>bash#</TT
> <B
CLASS="command"
>urpmi perl-gd</B
>
<TT
CLASS="prompt"
>bash#</TT
> <B
CLASS="command"
>urpmi perl-MailTools</B
> <A
NAME="test-mailtools"
><IMG
SRC="../images/callouts/1.gif"
HSPACE="0"
VSPACE="0"
BORDER="0"
ALT="(1)"></A
>
<TT
CLASS="prompt"
>bash#</TT
> <B
CLASS="command"
>urpmi apache-modules</B
>
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><DIV
CLASS="calloutlist"
><DL
COMPACT="COMPACT"
><DT
><A
HREF="#test-mailtools"
><IMG
SRC="../images/callouts/1.gif"
HSPACE="0"
VSPACE="0"
BORDER="0"
ALT="(1)"></A
></DT
><DD
>for Bugzilla e-mail integration</DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="http"
></A
>4.4. HTTP Server Configuration</H1
><P
>The Bugzilla Team recommends Apache when using Bugzilla, however, any web server
that can be configured to run <A
HREF="#gloss-cgi"
><I
CLASS="glossterm"
>CGI</I
></A
> scripts
should be able to handle Bugzilla. No matter what web server you choose, but
especially if you choose something other than Apache, you should be sure to read
<A
HREF="#security-access"
>Section 5.6.4</A
>.
</P
><P
>The plan for this section is to eventually document the specifics of how to lock
down permissions on individual web servers.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="http-apache"
></A
>4.4.1. Apache <SPAN
CLASS="productname"
>httpd</SPAN
></H2
><P
>As mentioned above, the Bugzilla Team recommends Apache for use
with Bugzilla. You will have to make sure that Apache is properly
configured to run the Bugzilla CGI scripts. You also need to make sure
that the <TT
CLASS="filename"
>.htaccess</TT
> files created by
<B
CLASS="command"
>./checksetup.pl</B
> (shown in <A
HREF="#http-apache-htaccess"
>Example 4-1</A
>
for the curious) are allowed to override Apache's normal access
permissions or else important password information may be exposed to the
Internet.
</P
><P
>Many Apache installations are not configured to run scripts
anywhere but in the <TT
CLASS="filename"
>cgi-bin</TT
>
directory; however, we recommend that Bugzilla not be installed in the
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>cgi-bin</TT
>, otherwise the static
files such as images and <A
HREF="#gloss-javascript"
><I
CLASS="glossterm"
>JavaScript</I
></A
>
will not work correctly. To allow scripts to run in the normal
web space, the following changes should be made to your
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>httpd.conf</TT
> file.
</P
><P
>To allow files with a .cgi extension to be run, make sure the
following line exists and is uncommented:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>To allow <TT
CLASS="filename"
>.htaccess</TT
> files to override
permissions and .cgi files to run in the Bugzilla directory, make sure
the following two lines are in a <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
>Directory</TT
>
directive that applies to the Bugzilla directory on your system
(either the Bugzilla directory or one of its parents).
</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> Options +ExecCGI
AllowOverride Limit
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>For more information on Apache and its directives, see the
glossary entry on <A
HREF="#gloss-apache"
><I
CLASS="glossterm"
>Apache</I
></A
>.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="http-apache-htaccess"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 4-1. <TT
CLASS="filename"
>.htaccess</TT
> files for Apache</B
></P
><P
><TT
CLASS="filename"
>$BUGZILLA_HOME/.htaccess</TT
>
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> # don't allow people to retrieve non-cgi executable files or our private data
<FilesMatch ^(.*\.pl|.*localconfig.*|runtests.sh)$>
deny from all
</FilesMatch>
<FilesMatch ^(localconfig.js|localconfig.rdf)$>
allow from all
</FilesMatch>
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
</P
><P
><TT
CLASS="filename"
>$BUGZILLA_HOME/data/.htaccess</TT
>
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> # nothing in this directory is retrievable unless overriden by an .htaccess
# in a subdirectory; the only exception is duplicates.rdf, which is used by
# duplicates.xul and must be loadable over the web
deny from all
<Files duplicates.rdf>
allow from all
</Files>
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
</P
><P
><TT
CLASS="filename"
>$BUGZILLA_HOME/data/webdot</TT
>
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> # Restrict access to .dot files to the public webdot server at research.att.com
# if research.att.com ever changed their IP, or if you use a different
# webdot server, you'll need to edit this
<FilesMatch ^[0-9]+\.dot$>
Allow from 192.20.225.10
Deny from all
</FilesMatch>
# Allow access by a local copy of 'dot' to .png, .gif, .jpg, and
# .map files
<FilesMatch ^[0-9]+\.(png|gif|jpg|map)$>
Allow from all
</FilesMatch>
# And no directory listings, either.
Deny from all
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
</P
><P
><TT
CLASS="filename"
>$BUGZILLA_HOME/Bugzilla/.htaccess</TT
>
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> # nothing in this directory is retrievable unless overriden by an .htaccess
# in a subdirectory
deny from all
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
</P
><P
><TT
CLASS="filename"
>$BUGZILLA_HOME/template/.htaccess</TT
>
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> # nothing in this directory is retrievable unless overriden by an .htaccess
# in a subdirectory
deny from all
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="http-iis"
></A
>4.4.2. Microsoft <SPAN
CLASS="productname"
>Internet Information Services</SPAN
></H2
><P
>If you need, or for some reason even want, to use Microsoft's
<SPAN
CLASS="productname"
>Internet Information Services</SPAN
> or
<SPAN
CLASS="productname"
>Personal Web Server</SPAN
> you should be able
to. You will need to configure them to know how to run CGI scripts,
however. This is described in Microsoft Knowledge Base article
<A
HREF="http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q245/2/25.asp"
TARGET="_top"
>Q245225 </A
>
for <SPAN
CLASS="productname"
>Internet Information Services</SPAN
> and
<A
HREF="http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q231/9/98.asp"
TARGET="_top"
>Q231998</A
>
for <SPAN
CLASS="productname"
>Personal Web Server</SPAN
>.
</P
><P
>Also, and this can't be stressed enough, make sure that files such as
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>localconfig</TT
> and your <TT
CLASS="filename"
>data</TT
>
directory are secured as described in <A
HREF="#security-access"
>Section 5.6.4</A
>.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="http-aol"
></A
>4.4.3. AOL Server</H2
><P
>Ben FrantzDale reported success using AOL Server with Bugzilla. He
reported his experience and what appears below is based on that.
</P
><P
>AOL Server will have to be configured to run
<A
HREF="#gloss-cgi"
><I
CLASS="glossterm"
>CGI</I
></A
> scripts, please consult
the documentation that came with your server for more information on
how to do this.
</P
><P
>Because AOL Server doesn't support <TT
CLASS="filename"
>.htaccess</TT
>
files, you'll have to create a <A
HREF="#gloss-tcl"
><I
CLASS="glossterm"
>TCL</I
></A
>
script. You should create an <TT
CLASS="filename"
>aolserver/modules/tcl/filter.tcl</TT
>
file (the filename shouldn't matter) with the following contents (change
<TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
>/bugzilla/</TT
> to the web-based path to
your Bugzilla installation):
</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> ns_register_filter preauth GET /bugzilla/localconfig filter_deny
ns_register_filter preauth GET /bugzilla/localconfig~ filter_deny
ns_register_filter preauth GET /bugzilla/\#localconfig\# filter_deny
ns_register_filter preauth GET /bugzilla/*.pl filter_deny
ns_register_filter preauth GET /bugzilla/syncshadowdb filter_deny
ns_register_filter preauth GET /bugzilla/runtests.sh filter_deny
ns_register_filter preauth GET /bugzilla/data/* filter_deny
ns_register_filter preauth GET /bugzilla/template/* filter_deny
proc filter_deny { why } {
ns_log Notice "filter_deny"
return "filter_return"
}
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><DIV
CLASS="warning"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="warning"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/warning.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Warning"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>This probably doesn't account for all possible editor backup
files so you may wish to add some additional variations of
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>localconfig</TT
>. For more information, see
<A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=186383"
TARGET="_top"
>bug
186383</A
> or <A
HREF="http://online.securityfocus.com/bid/6501"
TARGET="_top"
>Bugtraq ID 6501</A
>.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>If you are using webdot from research.att.com (the default
configuration for the <TT
CLASS="option"
>webdotbase</TT
> paramater), you
will need to allow access to <TT
CLASS="filename"
>data/webdot/*.dot</TT
>
for the reasearch.att.com machine.
</P
><P
>If you are using a local installation of <A
HREF="http://www.graphviz.org"
TARGET="_top"
>GraphViz</A
>, you will need to allow
everybody to access <TT
CLASS="filename"
>*.png</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>*.gif</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="filename"
>*.jpg</TT
>, and
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>*.map</TT
> in the
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>data/webdot</TT
> directory.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="troubleshooting"
></A
>4.5. Troubleshooting</H1
><P
>This section gives solutions to common Bugzilla installation
problems.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN977"
></A
>4.5.1. Bundle::Bugzilla makes me upgrade to Perl 5.6.1</H2
><P
> Try executing <B
CLASS="command"
>perl -MCPAN -e 'install CPAN'</B
>
and then continuing.
</P
><P
> Certain older versions of the CPAN toolset were somewhat naive about how
to upgrade Perl modules. When a couple of modules got rolled into the core
Perl distribution for 5.6.1, CPAN thought that the best way to get those
modules up to date was to haul down the Perl distribution itself and
build it. Needless to say, this has caused headaches for just about
everybody. Upgrading to a newer version of CPAN with the
commandline above should fix things.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN982"
></A
>4.5.2. DBD::Sponge::db prepare failed</H2
><P
> The following error message may appear due to a bug in DBD::mysql
(over which the Bugzilla team have no control):
</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> DBD::Sponge::db prepare failed: Cannot determine NUM_OF_FIELDS at D:/Perl/site/lib/DBD/mysql.pm line 248.
SV = NULL(0x0) at 0x20fc444
REFCNT = 1
FLAGS = (PADBUSY,PADMY)
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
> To fix this, go to
<TT
CLASS="filename"
><path-to-perl>/lib/DBD/sponge.pm</TT
>
in your Perl installation and replace
</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> my $numFields;
if ($attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'}) {
$numFields = $attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'};
} elsif ($attribs->{'NAME'}) {
$numFields = @{$attribs->{NAME}};
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
> by
</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> my $numFields;
if ($attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'}) {
$numFields = $attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'};
} elsif ($attribs->{'NAMES'}) {
$numFields = @{$attribs->{NAMES}};
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
> (note the S added to NAME.)
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="paranoid-security"
></A
>4.5.3. cannot chdir(/var/spool/mqueue)</H2
><P
>If you are installing Bugzilla on SuSE Linux, or some other
distributions with
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"paranoid"</SPAN
>
security options, it is possible that the checksetup.pl script may fail
with the error:
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
>cannot chdir(/var/spool/mqueue): Permission denied
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
</P
><P
> This is because your
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>/var/spool/mqueue</TT
>
directory has a mode of
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"drwx------"</SPAN
>. Type
<B
CLASS="command"
>chmod 755
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>/var/spool/mqueue</TT
>
</B
>
as root to fix this problem.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="trouble-filetemp"
></A
>4.5.4. Your vendor has not defined Fcntl macro O_NOINHERIT</H2
><P
>This is caused by a bug in the version of
<SPAN
CLASS="productname"
>File::Temp</SPAN
> that is distributed with perl
5.6.0. Many minor variations of this error have been reported. Examples
can be found in <A
HREF="#trouble-filetemp-errors"
>Figure 4-1</A
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="trouble-filetemp-errors"
></A
><P
><B
>Figure 4-1. Other File::Temp error messages</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> Your vendor has not defined Fcntl macro O_NOINHERIT, used
at /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0/File/Temp.pm line 208.
Your vendor has not defined Fcntl macro O_EXLOCK, used
at /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0/File/Temp.pm line 210.
Your vendor has not defined Fcntl macro O_TEMPORARY, used
at /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0/File/Temp.pm line 233.
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>Numerous people have reported that upgrading to version 5.6.1
or higher solved the problem for them. A less involved fix is to apply
the patch in <A
HREF="#trouble-filetemp-patch"
>Figure 4-2</A
>. The patch is also
available as a <A
HREF="../xml/filetemp.patch"
TARGET="_top"
>patch file</A
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="figure"
><A
NAME="trouble-filetemp-patch"
></A
><P
><B
>Figure 4-2. Patch for File::Temp in Perl 5.6.0</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> --- File/Temp.pm.orig Thu Feb 6 16:26:00 2003
+++ File/Temp.pm Thu Feb 6 16:26:23 2003
@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@
# eg CGI::Carp
local $SIG{__DIE__} = sub {};
local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
+ local *CORE::GLOBAL::die = sub {};
$bit = &$func();
1;
};
@@ -226,6 +227,7 @@
# eg CGI::Carp
local $SIG{__DIE__} = sub {};
local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
+ local *CORE::GLOBAL::die = sub {};
$bit = &$func();
1;
};
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="chapter"
><HR><H1
><A
NAME="administration"
></A
>Chapter 5. Administering Bugzilla</H1
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="parameters"
></A
>5.1. Bugzilla Configuration</H1
><P
>Bugzilla is configured by changing various parameters, accessed
from the "Edit parameters" link in the page footer. Here are
some of the key parameters on that page. You should run down this
list and set them appropriately after installing Bugzilla.</P
><DIV
CLASS="procedure"
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>maintainer</B
>:
The maintainer parameter is the email address of the person
responsible for maintaining this
Bugzilla installation. The address need not be that of a valid Bugzilla
account.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>urlbase</B
>:
This parameter defines the fully qualified domain name and web
server path to your Bugzilla installation.</P
><P
>For example, if your Bugzilla query page is
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/query.cgi</TT
>,
set your <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"urlbase"</SPAN
>
to <TT
CLASS="filename"
>http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/</TT
>.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>makeproductgroups</B
>:
This dictates whether or not to automatically create groups
when new products are created.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>useentrygroupdefault</B
>:
Bugzilla products can have a group associated with them, so that
certain users can only see bugs in certain products. When this
parameter is set to <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"on"</SPAN
>, this
causes the initial group controls on newly created products
to place all newly-created bugs in the group
having the same name as the product immediately.
After a product is initially created, the group controls
can be further adjusted without interference by
this mechanism.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>shadowdb</B
>:
You run into an interesting problem when Bugzilla reaches a
high level of continuous activity. MySQL supports only table-level
write locking. What this means is that if someone needs to make a
change to a bug, they will lock the entire table until the operation
is complete. Locking for write also blocks reads until the write is
complete. Note that more recent versions of mysql support row level
locking using different table types. These types are slower than the
standard type, and Bugzilla does not yet take advantage of features
such as transactions which would justify this speed decrease. The
Bugzilla team are, however, happy to hear about any experiences with
row level locking and Bugzilla</P
><P
>The <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"shadowdb"</SPAN
>
parameter was designed to get around this limitation. While only a
single user is allowed to write to a table at a time, reads can
continue unimpeded on a read-only shadow copy of the database.
Although your database size will double, a shadow database can cause
an enormous performance improvement when implemented on extremely
high-traffic Bugzilla databases.</P
><P
> As a guide, mozilla.org began needing
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"shadowdb"</SPAN
>
when they reached around 40,000 Bugzilla users with several hundred
Bugzilla bug changes and comments per day.</P
><P
>The value of the parameter defines the name of the
shadow bug database. You will need to set the host and port settings
from the params page, and set up replication in your database server
so that updates reach this readonly mirror. Consult your database
documentation for more detail.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>shutdownhtml</B
>:
If you need to shut down Bugzilla to perform administration, enter
some descriptive HTML here and anyone who tries to use Bugzilla will
receive a page to that effect. Obviously, editparams.cgi will
still be accessible so you can remove the HTML and re-enable Bugzilla.
:-)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>passwordmail</B
>:
Every time a user creates an account, the text of
this parameter (with substitutions) is sent to the new user along with
their password message.</P
><P
>Add any text you wish to the "passwordmail" parameter box. For
instance, many people choose to use this box to give a quick training
blurb about how to use Bugzilla at your site.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>movebugs</B
>:
This option is an undocumented feature to allow moving bugs
between separate Bugzilla installations. You will need to understand
the source code in order to use this feature. Please consult
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>movebugs.pl</TT
> in your Bugzilla source tree for
further documentation, such as it is.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>useqacontact</B
>:
This allows you to define an email address for each component, in
addition
to that of the default owner, who will be sent carbon copies of
incoming bugs.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>usestatuswhiteboard</B
>:
This defines whether you wish to have a free-form, overwritable field
associated with each bug. The advantage of the Status Whiteboard is
that it can be deleted or modified with ease, and provides an
easily-searchable field for indexing some bugs that have some trait
in common.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>whinedays</B
>:
Set this to the number of days you want to let bugs go
in the NEW or REOPENED state before notifying people they have
untouched new bugs. If you do not plan to use this feature, simply do
not set up the whining cron job described in the installation
instructions, or set this value to "0" (never whine).</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>commenton*</B
>:
All these
fields allow you to dictate what changes can pass without comment,
and which must have a comment from the person who changed them.
Often, administrators will allow users to add themselves to the CC
list, accept bugs, or change the Status Whiteboard without adding a
comment as to their reasons for the change, yet require that most
other changes come with an explanation.</P
><P
>Set the "commenton" options according to your site policy. It
is a wise idea to require comments when users resolve, reassign, or
reopen bugs at the very least.
<DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>It is generally far better to require a developer comment
when resolving bugs than not. Few things are more annoying to bug
database users than having a developer mark a bug "fixed" without
any comment as to what the fix was (or even that it was truly
fixed!)</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>supportwatchers</B
>:
Turning on this option allows users to ask to receive copies of
all a particular other user's bug email. This is, of
course, subject to the groupset restrictions on the bug; if the
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"watcher"</SPAN
>
would not normally be allowed to view a bug, the watcher cannot get
around the system by setting herself up to watch the bugs of someone
with bugs outside her privileges. They would still only receive email
updates for those bugs she could normally view.</P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="useradmin"
></A
>5.2. User Administration</H1
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="defaultuser"
></A
>5.2.1. Creating the Default User</H2
><P
>When you first run checksetup.pl after installing Bugzilla, it
will prompt you for the administrative username (email address) and
password for this "super user". If for some reason you delete
the "super user" account, re-running checksetup.pl will again prompt
you for this username and password.</P
><DIV
CLASS="tip"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="tip"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>If you wish to add more administrative users, add them to
the "admin" group and, optionally, add edit the tweakparams, editusers,
creategroups, editcomponents, and editkeywords groups to add the
entire admin group to those groups.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="manageusers"
></A
>5.2.2. Managing Other Users</H2
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="createnewusers"
></A
>5.2.2.1. Creating new users</H3
><P
>Your users can create their own user accounts by clicking the
"New Account" link at the bottom of each page (assuming they
aren't logged in as someone else already.) However, should you
desire to create user accounts ahead of time, here is how you do
it.</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>After logging in, click the "Users" link at the footer of
the query page, and then click "Add a new user".</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Fill out the form presented. This page is self-explanatory.
When done, click "Submit".</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>Adding a user this way will
<EM
>not</EM
>
send an email informing them of their username and password.
While useful for creating dummy accounts (watchers which
shuttle mail to another system, for instance, or email
addresses which are a mailing list), in general it is
preferable to log out and use the
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"New Account"</SPAN
>
button to create users, as it will pre-populate all the
required fields and also notify the user of her account name
and password.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></LI
></OL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="modifyusers"
></A
>5.2.2.2. Modifying Users</H3
><P
>To see a specific user, search for their login name
in the box provided on the "Edit Users" page. To see all users,
leave the box blank.</P
><P
>You can search in different ways the listbox to the right
of the text entry box. You can match by
case-insensitive substring (the default),
regular expression, or a
<EM
>reverse</EM
>
regular expression match, which finds every user name which does NOT
match the regular expression. (Please see
the <B
CLASS="command"
>man regexp</B
>
manual page for details on regular expression syntax.)
</P
><P
>Once you have found your user, you can change the following
fields:</P
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
> <EM
>Login Name</EM
>:
This is generally the user's full email address. However, if you
have are using the emailsuffix Param, this may just be the user's
login name. Note that users can now change their login names
themselves (to any valid email address.)
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>Real Name</EM
>: The user's real name. Note that
Bugzilla does not require this to create an account.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>Password</EM
>:
You can change the user's password here. Users can automatically
request a new password, so you shouldn't need to do this often.
If you want to disable an account, see Disable Text below.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>Disable Text</EM
>:
If you type anything in this box, including just a space, the
user is prevented from logging in, or making any changes to
bugs via the web interface.
The HTML you type in this box is presented to the user when
they attempt to perform these actions, and should explain
why the account was disabled.
<DIV
CLASS="warning"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="warning"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/warning.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Warning"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>Don't disable the administrator account!</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
<DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>The user can still submit bugs via
the e-mail gateway, if you set it up, even if the disabled text
field is filled in. The e-mail gateway should
<EM
>not</EM
>
be enabled for secure installations of Bugzilla.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
><groupname></EM
>:
If you have created some groups, e.g. "securitysensitive", then
checkboxes will appear here to allow you to add users to, or
remove them from, these groups.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>canconfirm</EM
>:
This field is only used if you have enabled the "unconfirmed"
status. If you enable this for a user,
that user can then move bugs from "Unconfirmed" to a "Confirmed"
status (e.g.: "New" status).</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>creategroups</EM
>:
This option will allow a user to create and destroy groups in
Bugzilla.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>editbugs</EM
>:
Unless a user has this bit set, they can only edit those bugs
for which they are the assignee or the reporter. Even if this
option is unchecked, users can still add comments to bugs.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>editcomponents</EM
>:
This flag allows a user to create new products and components,
as well as modify and destroy those that have no bugs associated
with them. If a product or component has bugs associated with it,
those bugs must be moved to a different product or component
before Bugzilla will allow them to be destroyed.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>editkeywords</EM
>:
If you use Bugzilla's keyword functionality, enabling this
feature allows a user to create and destroy keywords. As always,
the keywords for existing bugs containing the keyword the user
wishes to destroy must be changed before Bugzilla will allow it
to die.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>editusers</EM
>:
This flag allows a user to do what you're doing right now: edit
other users. This will allow those with the right to do so to
remove administrator privileges from other users or grant them to
themselves. Enable with care.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
>tweakparams</EM
>:
This flag allows a user to change Bugzilla's Params
(using <TT
CLASS="filename"
>editparams.cgi</TT
>.)</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <EM
><productname></EM
>:
This allows an administrator to specify the products in which
a user can see bugs. The user must still have the
"editbugs" privilege to edit bugs in these products.</P
></LI
></UL
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="programadmin"
></A
>5.3. Product, Component, Milestone, and Version Administration</H1
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="products"
></A
>5.3.1. Products</H2
><P
> <A
HREF="#gloss-product"
><I
CLASS="glossterm"
> Products</I
></A
>
are the broadest category in Bugzilla, and tend to represent real-world
shipping products. E.g. if your company makes computer games,
you should have one product per game, perhaps a "Common" product for
units of technology used in multiple games, and maybe a few special
products (Website, Administration...)</P
><P
>Many of Bugzilla's settings are configurable on a per-product
basis. The number of "votes" available to users is set per-product,
as is the number of votes
required to move a bug automatically from the UNCONFIRMED status to the
NEW status.</P
><P
>To create a new product:</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>Select "products" from the footer</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Select the "Add" link in the bottom right</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Enter the name of the product and a description. The
Description field may contain HTML.</P
></LI
></OL
><P
>Don't worry about the "Closed for bug entry", "Maximum Votes
per person", "Maximum votes a person can put on a single bug",
"Number of votes a bug in this Product needs to automatically get out
of the UNCOMFIRMED state", and "Version" options yet. We'll cover
those in a few moments.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="components"
></A
>5.3.2. Components</H2
><P
>Components are subsections of a Product. E.g. the computer game
you are designing may have a "UI"
component, an "API" component, a "Sound System" component, and a
"Plugins" component, each overseen by a different programmer. It
often makes sense to divide Components in Bugzilla according to the
natural divisions of responsibility within your Product or
company.</P
><P
> Each component has a owner and (if you turned it on in the parameters),
a QA Contact. The owner should be the primary person who fixes bugs in
that component. The QA Contact should be the person who will ensure
these bugs are completely fixed. The Owner, QA Contact, and Reporter
will get email when new bugs are created in this Component and when
these bugs change. Default Owner and Default QA Contact fields only
dictate the
<EM
>default assignments</EM
>;
these can be changed on bug submission, or at any later point in
a bug's life.</P
><P
>To create a new Component:</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>Select the "Edit components" link from the "Edit product"
page</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Select the "Add" link in the bottom right.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Fill out the "Component" field, a short "Description",
the "Initial Owner" and "Initial QA Contact" (if enabled.)
The Component and Description fields may contain HTML;
the "Initial Owner" field must be a login name
already existing in the database.
</P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="versions"
></A
>5.3.3. Versions</H2
><P
>Versions are the revisions of the product, such as "Flinders
3.1", "Flinders 95", and "Flinders 2000". Version is not a multi-select
field; the usual practice is to select the most recent version with
the bug.
</P
><P
>To create and edit Versions:</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>From the "Edit product" screen, select "Edit Versions"</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>You will notice that the product already has the default
version "undefined". Click the "Add" link in the bottom right.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Enter the name of the Version. This field takes text only.
Then click the "Add" button.</P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="milestones"
></A
>5.3.4. Milestones</H2
><P
>Milestones are "targets" that you plan to get a bug fixed by. For
example, you have a bug that you plan to fix for your 3.0 release, it
would be assigned the milestone of 3.0.</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>Milestone options will only appear for a Product if you turned
on the "usetargetmilestone" Param in the "Edit Parameters" screen.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>To create new Milestones, set Default Milestones, and set
Milestone URL:</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>Select "Edit milestones" from the "Edit product" page.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Select "Add" in the bottom right corner.
text</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Enter the name of the Milestone in the "Milestone" field. You
can optionally set the "sortkey", which is a positive or negative
number (-255 to 255) that defines where in the list this particular
milestone appears. This is because milestones often do not
occur in alphanumeric order For example, "Future" might be
after "Release 1.2". Select "Add".</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>From the Edit product screen, you can enter the URL of a
page which gives information about your milestones and what
they mean. </P
><DIV
CLASS="tip"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="tip"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>If you want your milestone document to be restricted so
that it can only be viewed by people in a particular Bugzilla
group, the best way is to attach the document to a bug in that
group, and make the URL the URL of that attachment.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></LI
></OL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="voting"
></A
>5.4. Voting</H1
><P
>Voting allows users to be given a pot of votes which they can allocate
to bugs, to indicate that they'd like them fixed.
This allows developers to gauge
user need for a particular enhancement or bugfix. By allowing bugs with
a certain number of votes to automatically move from "UNCONFIRMED" to
"NEW", users of the bug system can help high-priority bugs garner
attention so they don't sit for a long time awaiting triage.</P
><P
>To modify Voting settings:</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>Navigate to the "Edit product" screen for the Product you
wish to modify</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><EM
>Maximum Votes per person</EM
>:
Setting this field to "0" disables voting.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><EM
>Maximum Votes a person can put on a single
bug"</EM
>:
It should probably be some number lower than the
"Maximum votes per person". Don't set this field to "0" if
"Maximum votes per person" is non-zero; that doesn't make
any sense.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
><EM
>Number of votes a bug in this product needs to
automatically get out of the UNCONFIRMED state</EM
>:
Setting this field to "0" disables the automatic move of
bugs from UNCONFIRMED to NEW.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Once you have adjusted the values to your preference, click
"Update".</P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="groups"
></A
>5.5. Groups and Group Security</H1
><P
>Groups allow the administrator
to isolate bugs or products that should only be seen by certain people.
The association between products and groups is controlled from
the product edit page under <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Edit Group Controls."</SPAN
>
</P
><P
> If the makeproductgroups param is on, a new group will be automatically
created for every new product.
</P
><P
> On the product edit page, there is a page to edit the
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Group Controls"</SPAN
>
for a product and determine which groups are applicable, default,
and mandatory for each product as well as controlling entry
for each product and being able to set bugs in a product to be
totally read-only unless some group restrictions are met.
</P
><P
> For each group, it is possible to specify if membership in that
group is...
</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> required for bug entry,
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Not applicable to this product(NA),
a possible restriction for a member of the
group to place on a bug in this product(Shown),
a default restriction for a member of the
group to place on a bug in this product(Default),
or a mandatory restriction to be placed on bugs
in this product(Mandatory).
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Not applicable by non-members to this product(NA),
a possible restriction for a non-member of the
group to place on a bug in this product(Shown),
a default restriction for a non-member of the
group to place on a bug in this product(Default),
or a mandatory restriction to be placed on bugs
in this product when entered by a non-member(Mandatory).
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> required in order to make <EM
>any</EM
> change
to bugs in this product <EM
>including comments.</EM
>
</P
></LI
></OL
><P
>To create Groups:</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>Select the <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"groups"</SPAN
>
link in the footer.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Take a moment to understand the instructions on the <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Edit
Groups"</SPAN
> screen, then select the <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Add Group"</SPAN
> link.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Fill out the <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Group"</SPAN
>, <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Description"</SPAN
>,
and <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"User RegExp"</SPAN
> fields.
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"User RegExp"</SPAN
> allows you to automatically
place all users who fulfill the Regular Expression into the new group.
When you have finished, click <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Add"</SPAN
>.</P
><DIV
CLASS="warning"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="warning"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/warning.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Warning"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>The User Regexp is a perl regexp and, if not anchored, will match
any part of an address. So, if you do not want to grant access
into 'mycompany.com' to 'badperson@mycompany.com.hacker.net', use
'@mycompany\.com$' as the regexp.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></LI
><LI
><P
>After you add your new group, edit the new group. On the
edit page, you can specify other groups that should be included
in this group and which groups should be permitted to add and delete
users from this group.</P
></LI
></OL
><P
> Note that group permissions are such that you need to be a member
of <EM
>all</EM
> the groups a bug is in, for whatever
reason, to see that bug. Similarly, you must be a member
of <EM
>all</EM
> of the entry groups for a product
to add bugs to a product and you must be a member
of <EM
>all</EM
> of the canedit groups for a product
in order to make <EM
>any</EM
> change to bugs in that
product.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="security"
></A
>5.6. Bugzilla Security</H1
><DIV
CLASS="warning"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="warning"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/warning.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Warning"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>Poorly-configured MySQL and Bugzilla installations have
given attackers full access to systems in the past. Please take these
guidelines seriously, even for Bugzilla machines hidden away behind
your firewall. 80% of all computer trespassers are insiders, not
anonymous crackers.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>These instructions must, of necessity, be somewhat vague since
Bugzilla runs on so many different platforms. If you have refinements
of these directions, please submit a bug to <A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=Bugzilla&component=Documentation"
TARGET="_top"
>Bugzilla Documentation</A
>.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="warning"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="warning"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/warning.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Warning"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>This is not meant to be a comprehensive list of every possible
security issue regarding the tools mentioned in this section. There is
no subsitute for reading the information written by the authors of any
software running on your system.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="security-networking"
></A
>5.6.1. TCP/IP Ports</H2
><P
>TCP/IP defines 65,000 some ports for trafic. Of those, Bugzilla
only needs 1... 2 if you need to use features that require e-mail such
as bug moving or the e-mail interface from contrib. You should audit
your server and make sure that you aren't listening on any ports you
don't need to be. You may also wish to use some kind of firewall
software to be sure that trafic can only be recieved on ports you
specify.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="security-mysql"
></A
>5.6.2. MySQL</H2
><P
>MySQL ships by default with many settings that should be changed.
By defaults it allows anybody to connect from localhost without a
password and have full administrative capabilities. It also defaults to
not have a root password (this is <EM
>not</EM
> the same as
the system root). Also, many installations default to running
<SPAN
CLASS="application"
>mysqld</SPAN
> as the system root.
</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>Consult the documentation that came with your system for
information on making <SPAN
CLASS="application"
>mysqld</SPAN
> run as an
unprivleged user.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>You should also be sure to disable the anonymous user account
and set a password for the root user. This is accomplished using the
following commands:
</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>bash$</TT
> mysql mysql
<TT
CLASS="prompt"
>mysql></TT
> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = '';
<TT
CLASS="prompt"
>mysql></TT
> UPDATE user SET password = password('<TT
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>new_password</I
></TT
>') WHERE user = 'root';
<TT
CLASS="prompt"
>mysql></TT
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>From this point forward you will need to use
<B
CLASS="command"
>mysql -u root -p</B
> and enter
<TT
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>new_password</I
></TT
> when prompted when using the
mysql client.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>If you run MySQL on the same machine as your httpd server, you
should consider disabling networking from within MySQL by adding
the following to your <TT
CLASS="filename"
>/etc/my.conf</TT
>:
</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> [myslqd]
# Prevent network access to MySQL.
skip-networking
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></LI
><LI
><P
>You may also consider running MySQL, or even all of Bugzilla
in a chroot jail; however, instructions for doing that are beyond
the scope of this document.
</P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="security-daemon"
></A
>5.6.3. Daemon Accounts</H2
><P
>Many daemons, such as Apache's httpd and MySQL's mysqld default to
running as either <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"root"</SPAN
> or <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"nobody"</SPAN
>. Running
as <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"root"</SPAN
> introduces obvious security problems, but the
problems introduced by running everything as <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"nobody"</SPAN
> may
not be so obvious. Basically, if you're running every daemon as
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"nobody"</SPAN
> and one of them gets comprimised, they all get
comprimised. For this reason it is recommended that you create a user
account for each daemon.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>You will need to set the <TT
CLASS="varname"
>webservergroup</TT
> to
the group you created for your webserver to run as in
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>localconfig</TT
>. This will allow
<B
CLASS="command"
>./checksetup.pl</B
> to better adjust the file
permissions on your Bugzilla install so as to not require making
anything world-writable.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="security-access"
></A
>5.6.4. Web Server Access Controls</H2
><P
>There are many files that are placed in the Bugzilla directory
area that should not be accessable from the web. Because of the way
Bugzilla is currently layed out, the list of what should and should
not be accessible is rather complicated. A new installation method
is currently in the works which should solve this by allowing files
that shouldn't be accessible from the web to be placed in directory
outside the webroot. See
<A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=44659"
TARGET="_top"
>bug
44659</A
> for more information.
</P
><P
></P
><UL
COMPACT="COMPACT"
><LI
><P
>In the main Bugzilla directory, you should:</P
><P
></P
><UL
COMPACT="COMPACT"
><LI
><P
>Block:
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>*.pl</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="filename"
>*localconfig*</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="filename"
>runtests.sh</TT
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>But allow:
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>localconfig.js</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="filename"
>localconfig.rdf</TT
>
</P
></LI
></UL
></LI
><LI
><P
>In <TT
CLASS="filename"
>data</TT
>:</P
><P
></P
><UL
COMPACT="COMPACT"
><LI
><P
>Block everything</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>But allow:
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>duplicates.rdf</TT
>
</P
></LI
></UL
></LI
><LI
><P
>In <TT
CLASS="filename"
>data/webdot</TT
>:</P
><P
></P
><UL
COMPACT="COMPACT"
><LI
><P
>If you use a remote webdot server:</P
><P
></P
><UL
COMPACT="COMPACT"
><LI
><P
>Block everything</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>But allow
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>*.dot</TT
>
only for the remote webdot server</P
></LI
></UL
></LI
><LI
><P
>Otherwise, if you use a local GraphViz:</P
><P
></P
><UL
COMPACT="COMPACT"
><LI
><P
>Block everything</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>But allow:
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>*.png</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="filename"
>*.gif</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="filename"
>*.jpg</TT
>, <TT
CLASS="filename"
>*.map</TT
>
</P
></LI
></UL
></LI
><LI
><P
>And if you don't use any dot:</P
><P
></P
><UL
COMPACT="COMPACT"
><LI
><P
>Block everything</P
></LI
></UL
></LI
></UL
></LI
><LI
><P
>In <TT
CLASS="filename"
>Bugzilla</TT
>:</P
><P
></P
><UL
COMPACT="COMPACT"
><LI
><P
>Block everything</P
></LI
></UL
></LI
><LI
><P
>In <TT
CLASS="filename"
>template</TT
>:</P
><P
></P
><UL
COMPACT="COMPACT"
><LI
><P
>Block everything</P
></LI
></UL
></LI
></UL
><DIV
CLASS="tip"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="tip"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>Bugzilla ships with the ability to generate
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>.htaccess</TT
> files instructing
<A
HREF="#gloss-apache"
><I
CLASS="glossterm"
>Apache</I
></A
> which files
should and should not be accessible. For more information, see
<A
HREF="#http-apache"
>Section 4.4.1</A
>.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>You should test to make sure that the files mentioned above are
not accessible from the Internet, especially your
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>localconfig</TT
> file which contains your database
password. To test, simply point your web browser at the file; for
example, to test mozilla.org's installation, we'd try to access
<A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/localconfig"
TARGET="_top"
>http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/localconfig</A
>. You should
get a <SPAN
CLASS="errorcode"
>403</SPAN
> <SPAN
CLASS="errorname"
>Forbidden</SPAN
>
error.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="caution"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="caution"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/caution.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Caution"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>Not following the instructions in this section, including
testing, may result in sensitive information being globally
accessible.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="tip"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="tip"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>You should check <A
HREF="#http"
>Section 4.4</A
> to see if instructions
have been included for your web server. You should also compare those
instructions with this list to make sure everything is properly
accounted for.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="cust-templates"
></A
>5.7. Template Customization</H1
><P
> One of the large changes for 2.16 was the templatization of the
entire user-facing UI, using the
<A
HREF="http://www.template-toolkit.org"
TARGET="_top"
>Template Toolkit</A
>.
Administrators can now configure the look and feel of Bugzilla without
having to edit Perl files or face the nightmare of massive merge
conflicts when they upgrade to a newer version in the future.
</P
><P
> Templatization also makes localized versions of Bugzilla possible,
for the first time. In the future, a Bugzilla installation may
have templates installed for multiple localizations, and select
which ones to use based on the user's browser language setting.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN1425"
></A
>5.7.1. What to Edit</H2
><P
> There are two different ways of editing of Bugzilla's templates,
and which you use depends mainly on how you upgrade Bugzilla. The
template directory structure is that there's a top level directory,
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>template</TT
>, which contains a directory for
each installed localization. The default English templates are
therefore in <TT
CLASS="filename"
>en</TT
>. Underneath that, there
is the <TT
CLASS="filename"
>default</TT
> directory and optionally the
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>custom</TT
> directory. The <TT
CLASS="filename"
>default</TT
>
directory contains all the templates shipped with Bugzilla, whereas
the <TT
CLASS="filename"
>custom</TT
> directory does not exist at first and
must be created if you want to use it.
</P
><P
> The first method of making customizations is to directly edit the
templates in <TT
CLASS="filename"
>template/en/default</TT
>. This is
probably the best method for small changes if you are going to use
the CVS method of upgrading, because if you then execute a
<B
CLASS="command"
>cvs update</B
>, any template fixes will get
automagically merged into your modified versions.
</P
><P
> If you use this method, your installation will break if CVS conflicts
occur.
</P
><P
> The other method is to copy the templates into a mirrored directory
structure under <TT
CLASS="filename"
>template/en/custom</TT
>. The templates
in this directory automatically override those in default.
This is the technique you
need to use if you use the overwriting method of upgrade, because
otherwise your changes will be lost. This method is also better if
you are using the CVS method of upgrading and are going to make major
changes, because it is guaranteed that the contents of this directory
will not be touched during an upgrade, and you can then decide whether
to continue using your own templates, or make the effort to merge your
changes into the new versions by hand.
</P
><P
> If you use this method, your installation may break if incompatible
changes are made to the template interface. If such changes are made
they will be documented in the release notes, provided you are using a
stable release of Bugzilla. If you use using unstable code, you will
need to deal with this one yourself, although if possible the changes
will be mentioned before they occur in the deprecations section of the
previous stable release's release notes.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> Don't directly edit the compiled templates in
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>data/template/*</TT
> - your
changes will be lost when Template Toolkit recompiles them.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN1444"
></A
>5.7.2. How To Edit Templates</H2
><P
> The syntax of the Template Toolkit language is beyond the scope of
this guide. It's reasonably easy to pick up by looking at the current
templates; or, you can read the manual, available on the
<A
HREF="http://www.template-toolkit.org"
TARGET="_top"
>Template Toolkit home
page</A
>. However, you should particularly remember (for security
reasons) to always HTML filter things which come from the database or
user input, to prevent cross-site scripting attacks.
</P
><P
> However, one thing you should take particular care about is the need
to properly HTML filter data that has been passed into the template.
This means that if the data can possibly contain special HTML characters
such as <, and the data was not intended to be HTML, they need to be
converted to entity form, ie &lt;. You use the 'html' filter in the
Template Toolkit to do this. If you fail to do this, you may open up
your installation to cross-site scripting attacks.
</P
><P
> Also note that Bugzilla adds a few filters of its own, that are not
in standard Template Toolkit. In particular, the 'url_quote' filter
can convert characters that are illegal or have special meaning in URLs,
such as &, to the encoded form, ie %26. This actually encodes most
characters (but not the common ones such as letters and numbers and so
on), including the HTML-special characters, so there's never a need to
HTML filter afterwards.
</P
><P
> Editing templates is a good way of doing a "poor man's custom fields".
For example, if you don't use the Status Whiteboard, but want to have
a free-form text entry box for "Build Identifier", then you can just
edit the templates to change the field labels. It's still be called
status_whiteboard internally, but your users don't need to know that.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> If you are making template changes that you intend on submitting back
for inclusion in standard Bugzilla, you should read the relevant
sections of the
<A
HREF="http://www.bugzilla.org/developerguide.html"
TARGET="_top"
>Developers'
Guide</A
>.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN1454"
></A
>5.7.3. Template Formats</H2
><P
> Some CGIs have the ability to use more than one template. For
example, buglist.cgi can output bug lists as RDF or two
different forms of HTML (complex and simple). (Try this out
by appending <TT
CLASS="filename"
>&format=simple</TT
> to a buglist.cgi
URL on your Bugzilla installation.) This
mechanism, called template 'formats', is extensible.
</P
><P
> To see if a CGI supports multiple output formats, grep the
CGI for "ValidateOutputFormat". If it's not present, adding
multiple format support isn't too hard - see how it's done in
other CGIs.
</P
><P
> To make a new format template for a CGI which supports this,
open a current template for
that CGI and take note of the INTERFACE comment (if present.) This
comment defines what variables are passed into this template. If
there isn't one, I'm afraid you'll have to read the template and
the code to find out what information you get.
</P
><P
> Write your template in whatever markup or text style is appropriate.
</P
><P
> You now need to decide what content type you want your template
served as. Open up the <TT
CLASS="filename"
>localconfig</TT
> file and find the
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>$contenttypes</TT
>
variable. If your content type is not there, add it. Remember
the three- or four-letter tag assigned to you content type.
This tag will be part of the template filename.
</P
><P
> Save the template as <TT
CLASS="filename"
><stubname>-<formatname>.<contenttypetag>.tmpl</TT
>.
Try out the template by calling the CGI as
<TT
CLASS="filename"
><cginame>.cgi?format=<formatname></TT
> .
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN1467"
></A
>5.7.4. Particular Templates</H2
><P
> There are a few templates you may be particularly interested in
customizing for your installation.
</P
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>index.html.tmpl</B
>:
This is the Bugzilla front page.
</P
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>global/header.html.tmpl</B
>:
This defines the header that goes on all Bugzilla pages.
The header includes the banner, which is what appears to users
and is probably what you want to edit instead. However the
header also includes the HTML HEAD section, so you could for
example add a stylesheet or META tag by editing the header.
</P
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>global/banner.html.tmpl</B
>:
This contains the "banner", the part of the header that appears
at the top of all Bugzilla pages. The default banner is reasonably
barren, so you'll probably want to customize this to give your
installation a distinctive look and feel. It is recommended you
preserve the Bugzilla version number in some form so the version
you are running can be determined, and users know what docs to read.
</P
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>global/footer.html.tmpl</B
>:
This defines the footer that goes on all Bugzilla pages. Editing
this is another way to quickly get a distinctive look and feel for
your Bugzilla installation.
</P
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>bug/create/user-message.html.tmpl</B
>:
This is a message that appears near the top of the bug reporting page.
By modifying this, you can tell your users how they should report
bugs.
</P
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>bug/process/midair.html.tmpl</B
>:
This is the page used if two people submit simultaneous changes to the
same bug. The second person to submit their changes will get this page
to tell them what the first person did, and ask if they wish to
overwrite those changes or go back and revisit the bug. The default
title and header on this page read "Mid-air collision detected!" If
you work in the aviation industry, or other environment where this
might be found offensive (yes, we have true stories of this happening)
you'll want to change this to something more appropriate for your
environment.
</P
><P
> <B
CLASS="command"
>bug/create/create.html.tmpl</B
> and
<B
CLASS="command"
>bug/create/comment.txt.tmpl</B
>:
You may wish to get bug submitters to give certain bits of structured
information, each in a separate input widget, for which there is not a
field in the database. The bug entry system has been designed in an
extensible fashion to enable you to define arbitrary fields and widgets,
and have their values appear formatted in the initial
Description, rather than in database fields. An example of this
is the mozilla.org
<A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi?format=guided"
TARGET="_top"
>guided
bug submission form</A
>.
</P
><P
> To make this work, create a custom template for
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>enter_bug.cgi</TT
> (the default template, on which you
could base it, is <TT
CLASS="filename"
>create.html.tmpl</TT
>),
and either call it <TT
CLASS="filename"
>create.html.tmpl</TT
> or use a format and
call it <TT
CLASS="filename"
>create-<formatname>.html.tmpl</TT
>.
Put it in the <TT
CLASS="filename"
>custom/bug/create</TT
>
directory. In it, add widgets for each piece of information you'd like
collected - such as a build number, or set of steps to reproduce.
</P
><P
> Then, create a template like
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>custom/bug/create/comment.txt.tmpl</TT
>, also named
after your format if you are using one, which
references the form fields you have created. When a bug report is
submitted, the initial comment attached to the bug report will be
formatted according to the layout of this template.
</P
><P
> For example, if your enter_bug template had a field
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
><input type="text" name="buildid" size="30"></PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
and then your comment.txt.tmpl had
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
>BuildID: [% form.buildid %]</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
then
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
>BuildID: 20020303</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
would appear in the initial checkin comment.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="cust-change-permissions"
></A
>5.8. Change Permission Customization</H1
><DIV
CLASS="warning"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="warning"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/warning.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Warning"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> This feature should be considered experimental; the Bugzilla code you
will be changing is not stable, and could change or move between
versions. Be aware that if you make modifications to it, you may have
to re-make them or port them if Bugzilla changes internally between
versions.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> Companies often have rules about which employees, or classes of employees,
are allowed to change certain things in the bug system. For example,
only the bug's designated QA Contact may be allowed to VERIFY the bug.
Bugzilla has been
designed to make it easy for you to write your own custom rules to define
who is allowed to make what sorts of value transition.
</P
><P
> For maximum flexibility, customizing this means editing Bugzilla's Perl
code. This gives the administrator complete control over exactly who is
allowed to do what. The relevant function is called
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>CheckCanChangeField()</TT
>,
and is found in <TT
CLASS="filename"
>process_bug.cgi</TT
> in your
Bugzilla directory. If you open that file and grep for
"sub CheckCanChangeField", you'll find it.
</P
><P
> This function has been carefully commented to allow you to see exactly
how it works, and give you an idea of how to make changes to it. Certain
marked sections should not be changed - these are the "plumbing" which
makes the rest of the function work. In between those sections, you'll
find snippets of code like:
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> # Allow the owner to change anything.
if ($ownerid eq $whoid) {
return 1;
}</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
It's fairly obvious what this piece of code does.
</P
><P
> So, how does one go about changing this function? Well, simple changes
can be made just be removing pieces - for example, if you wanted to
prevent any user adding a comment to a bug, just remove the lines marked
"Allow anyone to change comments." And if you want the reporter to have
no special rights on bugs they have filed, just remove the entire section
which refers to him.
</P
><P
> More complex customizations are not much harder. Basically, you add
a check in the right place in the function, i.e. after all the variables
you are using have been set up. So, don't look at $ownerid before
$ownerid has been obtained from the database. You can either add a
positive check, which returns 1 (allow) if certain conditions are true,
or a negative check, which returns 0 (deny.) E.g.:
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> if ($field eq "qacontact") {
if (UserInGroup("quality_assurance")) {
return 1;
}
else {
return 0;
}
}</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
This says that only users in the group "quality_assurance" can change
the QA Contact field of a bug. Getting more weird:
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> if (($field eq "priority") &&
($vars->{'user'}{'login'} =~ /.*\@example\.com$/))
{
if ($oldvalue eq "P1") {
return 1;
}
else {
return 0;
}
}</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
This says that if the user is trying to change the priority field,
and their email address is @example.com, they can only do so if the
old value of the field was "P1". Not very useful, but illustrative.
</P
><P
> For a list of possible field names, look in
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>data/versioncache</TT
> for the list called
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>@::log_columns</TT
>. If you need help writing custom
rules for your organization, ask in the newsgroup.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="upgrading"
></A
>5.9. Upgrading to New Releases</H1
><P
>Upgrading Bugzilla is something we all want to do from time to time,
be it to get new features or pick up the latest security fix. How easy
it is to update depends on a few factors.
</P
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
>If the new version is a revision or a new point release</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>How many, if any, local changes have been made</P
></LI
></UL
><P
>There are also three different methods to upgrade your installation.
</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>Using CVS (<A
HREF="#upgrade-cvs"
>Example 5-1</A
>)</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Downloading a new tarball (<A
HREF="#upgrade-tarball"
>Example 5-2</A
>)</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Applying the relevant patches (<A
HREF="#upgrade-patches"
>Example 5-3</A
>)</P
></LI
></OL
><P
>Which options are available to you may depend on how large a jump
you are making and/or your network configuration.
</P
><P
>Revisions are normally released to fix security vulnerabilities
and are distinguished by an increase in the third number. For example,
when 2.16.2 was released, it was a revision to 2.16.1.
</P
><P
>Point releases are normally released when the Bugzilla team feels
that there has been a significant amount of progress made between the
last point release and the current time. These are often proceeded by a
stabilization period and release candidates, however the use of
development versions or release candidates is beyond the scope of this
document. Point releases can be distinguished by an increase in the
second number, or minor version. For example, 2.16.2 is a newer point
release than 2.14.5.
</P
><P
>The examples in this section are written as if you were updating
to version 2.16.2. The procedures are the same regardless if you are
updating to a new point release or a new revision. However, the chance
of running into trouble increases when upgrading to a new point release,
escpecially if you've made local changes.
</P
><P
>These examples also assume that your Bugzilla installation is at
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>/var/www/html/bugzilla</TT
>. If that is not the case,
simply substitute the proper paths where appropriate.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="upgrade-cvs"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 5-1. Upgrading using CVS</B
></P
><P
>Every release of Bugzilla, whether it is a revision or a point
release, is tagged in CVS. Also, every tarball we have distributed
since version 2.12 has been primed for using CVS. This does, however,
require that you are able to access cvs-mirror.mozilla.org on port
2401.
<DIV
CLASS="tip"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="tip"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>If you can do this, updating using CVS is probably the most
painless method, especially if you have a lot of local changes.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>cd /var/www/html/bugzilla</B
>
bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>cvs login</B
>
Logging in to :pserver:anonymous@cvs-mirror.mozilla.org:2401/cvsroot
CVS password: <B
CLASS="command"
>anonymous</B
>
bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>cvs -q update -r BUGZILLA-2_16_2 -dP</B
>
P checksetup.pl
P collectstats.pl
P globals.pl
P docs/rel_notes.txt
P template/en/default/list/quips.html.tmpl
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
> <DIV
CLASS="caution"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="caution"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/caution.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Caution"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>If a line in the output from <B
CLASS="command"
>cvs update</B
>
begins with a <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
>C</TT
> that represents a
file with local changes that CVS was unable to properly merge. You
need to resolve these conflicts manually before Bugzilla (or at
least the portion using that file) will be usable.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
<DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>You also need to run <B
CLASS="command"
>./checksetup.pl</B
>
before your Bugzilla upgrade will be complete.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="upgrade-tarball"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 5-2. Upgrading using the tarball</B
></P
><P
>If you are unable or unwilling to use CVS, another option that's
always available is to download the latest tarball. This is the most
difficult option to use, especially if you have local changes.
</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>cd /var/www/html</B
>
bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>wget ftp://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/webtools/bugzilla-2.16.2.tar.gz</B
>
<EM
>Output omitted</EM
>
bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>tar xzvf bugzilla-2.16.2.tar.gz</B
>
bugzilla-2.16.2/
bugzilla-2.16.2/.cvsignore
bugzilla-2.16.2/1x1.gif
<EM
>Output truncated</EM
>
bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>cd bugzilla-2.16.2</B
>
bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>cp ../bugzilla/localconfig* .</B
>
bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>cp -r ../bugzilla/data .</B
>
bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>cd ..</B
>
bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>mv bugzilla bugzilla.old</B
>
bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>mv bugzilla-2.16.2 bugzilla</B
>
bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>cd bugzilla</B
>
bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>./checksetup.pl</B
>
<EM
>Output omitted</EM
>
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
> <DIV
CLASS="warning"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="warning"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/warning.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Warning"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>The <B
CLASS="command"
>cp</B
> commands both end with periods which
is a very important detail, it tells the shell that the destination
directory is the current working directory. Also, the period at the
beginning of the <B
CLASS="command"
>./checksetup.pl</B
> is important and
can not be omitted.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
<DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>You will now have to reapply any changes you have made to your
local installation manually.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="example"
><A
NAME="upgrade-patches"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 5-3. Upgrading using patches</B
></P
><P
>The Bugzilla team will normally make a patch file available for
revisions to go from the most recent revision to the new one. You could
also read the release notes and grab the patches attached to the
mentioned bug, but it is safer to use the released patch file as
sometimes patches get changed before they get checked in (for minor
spelling fixes and the like). It is also theorectically possible to
scour the fixed bug list and pick and choose which patches to apply
from a point release, but this is not recommended either as what you'll
end up with is a hodge podge Bugzilla that isn't really any version.
This would also make it more difficult to upgrade in the future.
</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>cd /var/www/html/bugzilla</B
>
bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>wget ftp://ftp.mozilla.org/pub/webtools/bugzilla-2.16.1-to-2.16.2.diff.gz</B
>
<EM
>Output omitted</EM
>
bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>gunzip bugzilla-2.16.1-to-2.16.2.diff.gz</B
>
bash$ <B
CLASS="command"
>patch -p1 < bugzilla-2.16.1-to-2.16.2.diff</B
>
patching file checksetup.pl
patching file collectstats.pl
patching file globals.pl
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
> <DIV
CLASS="caution"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="caution"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/caution.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Caution"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>If you do this, beware that this doesn't change the entires in
your <TT
CLASS="filename"
>CVS</TT
> directory so it may make
updates using CVS (<A
HREF="#upgrade-cvs"
>Example 5-1</A
>) more difficult in the
future.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="integration"
></A
>5.10. Integrating Bugzilla with Third-Party Tools</H1
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="bonsai"
></A
>5.10.1. Bonsai</H2
><P
>Bonsai is a web-based tool for managing
<A
HREF="#cvs"
>CVS, the Concurrent Versioning System</A
>
. Using Bonsai, administrators can control open/closed status of trees,
query a fast relational database back-end for change, branch, and comment
information, and view changes made since the last time the tree was
closed. Bonsai
also integrates with
<A
HREF="#tinderbox"
>Tinderbox, the Mozilla automated build management system</A
>.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="cvs"
></A
>5.10.2. CVS</H2
><P
>CVS integration is best accomplished, at this point, using the
Bugzilla Email Gateway.</P
><P
>Follow the instructions in this Guide for enabling Bugzilla e-mail
integration. Ensure that your check-in script sends an email to your
Bugzilla e-mail gateway with the subject of
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"[Bug XXXX]"</SPAN
>,
and you can have CVS check-in comments append to your Bugzilla bug. If
you want to have the bug be closed automatically, you'll have to modify
the <TT
CLASS="filename"
>contrib/bugzilla_email_append.pl</TT
> script.
</P
><P
>There is also a CVSZilla project, based upon somewhat dated
Bugzilla code, to integrate CVS and Bugzilla through CVS' ability to
email. Check it out at:
<A
HREF="http://homepages.kcbbs.gen.nz/~tonyg/"
TARGET="_top"
> http://homepages.kcbbs.gen.nz/~tonyg/</A
>.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="scm"
></A
>5.10.3. Perforce SCM</H2
><P
>You can find the project page for Bugzilla and Teamtrack Perforce
integration (p4dti) at:
<A
HREF="http://www.ravenbrook.com/project/p4dti/"
TARGET="_top"
> http://www.ravenbrook.com/project/p4dti</A
>
.
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"p4dti"</SPAN
>
is now an officially supported product from Perforce, and you can find
the "Perforce Public Depot" p4dti page at
<A
HREF="http://public.perforce.com/public/perforce/p4dti/index.html"
TARGET="_top"
> http://public.perforce.com/public/perforce/p4dti/index.html</A
>
.</P
><P
>Integration of Perforce with Bugzilla, once patches are applied, is
seamless. Perforce replication information will appear below the comments
of each bug. Be certain you have a matching set of patches for the
Bugzilla version you are installing. p4dti is designed to support
multiple defect trackers, and maintains its own documentation for it.
Please consult the pages linked above for further information.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="tinderbox"
></A
>5.10.4. Tinderbox/Tinderbox2</H2
><P
>We need Tinderbox integration information.</P
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="appendix"
><HR><H1
><A
NAME="faq"
></A
>Appendix A. The Bugzilla FAQ</H1
><P
> This FAQ includes questions not covered elsewhere in the Guide.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="qandaset"
><DL
><DT
>1. <A
HREF="#faq-general"
>General Questions</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>A.1.1. <A
HREF="#faq-general-information"
> Where can I find information about Bugzilla?</A
></DT
><DT
>A.1.2. <A
HREF="#faq-general-license"
> What license is Bugzilla distributed under?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.1.3. <A
HREF="#faq-general-support"
> How do I get commercial support for Bugzilla?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.1.4. <A
HREF="#faq-general-companies"
> What major companies or projects are currently using Bugzilla
for bug-tracking?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.1.5. <A
HREF="#faq-general-maintainers"
> Who maintains Bugzilla?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.1.6. <A
HREF="#faq-general-compare"
> How does Bugzilla stack up against other bug-tracking databases?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.1.7. <A
HREF="#faq-general-bzmissing"
> Why doesn't Bugzilla offer this or that feature or compatibility
with this other tracking software?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.1.8. <A
HREF="#faq-general-mysql"
> Why MySQL? I'm interested in seeing Bugzilla run on
Oracle/Sybase/Msql/PostgreSQL/MSSQL.
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.1.9. <A
HREF="#faq-general-bonsaitools"
> What is <TT
CLASS="filename"
>/usr/bonsaitools/bin/perl</TT
>?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.1.10. <A
HREF="#faq-general-perlpath"
> My perl is not located at <TT
CLASS="filename"
>/usr/bin/perl</TT
>, is
there an easy way to change it everywhere it needs to be changed?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.1.11. <A
HREF="#faq-general-cookie"
> Is there an easy way to change the Bugzilla cookie name?
</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>2. <A
HREF="#faq-phb"
>Managerial Questions</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>A.2.1. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-client"
> Is Bugzilla web-based, or do you have to have specific software or
a specific operating system on your machine?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.2. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-integration"
> Can Bugzilla integrate with
Perforce (SCM software)?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.3. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-projects"
> Does Bugzilla allow the user to track multiple projects?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.4. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-sorting"
> If I am on many projects, and search for all bugs assigned to me, will
Bugzilla list them for me and allow me to sort by project, severity etc?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.5. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-attachments"
> Does Bugzilla allow attachments (text, screenshots, URLs etc)? If yes,
are there any that are NOT allowed?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.6. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-priorities"
> Does Bugzilla allow us to define our own priorities and levels? Do we
have complete freedom to change the labels of fields and format of them, and
the choice of acceptable values?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.7. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-reporting"
> Does Bugzilla provide any reporting features, metrics, graphs, etc? You
know, the type of stuff that management likes to see. :)
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.8. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-email"
> Is there email notification and if so, what do you see when you get an
email?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.9. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-cclist"
> Can email notification be set up to send to multiple
people, some on the To List, CC List, BCC List etc?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.10. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-emailapp"
> Do users have to have any particular
type of email application?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.11. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-data"
> Does Bugzilla allow data to be imported and exported? If I had outsiders
write up a bug report using a MS Word bug template, could that template be
imported into "matching" fields? If I wanted to take the results of a query
and export that data to MS Excel, could I do that?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.12. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-l10n"
> Has anyone converted Bugzilla to another language to be used in other
countries? Is it localizable?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.13. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-reports"
> Can a user create and save reports? Can they do this in Word format?
Excel format?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.14. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-searching"
> Does Bugzilla have the ability to search by word, phrase, compound
search?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.15. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-midair"
> Does Bugzilla provide record locking when there is simultaneous access
to the same bug? Does the second person get a notice that the bug is in use
or how are they notified?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.16. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-backup"
> Are there any backup features provided?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.17. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-livebackup"
> Can users be on the system while a backup is in progress?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.18. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-maintenance"
> What type of human resources are needed to be on staff to install and
maintain Bugzilla? Specifically, what type of skills does the person need to
have? I need to find out if we were to go with Bugzilla, what types of
individuals would we need to hire and how much would that cost vs buying an
"Out-of-the-Box" solution.
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.19. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-installtime"
> What time frame are we looking at if we decide to hire people to install
and maintain the Bugzilla? Is this something that takes hours or weeks to
install and a couple of hours per week to maintain and customize or is this
a multi-week install process, plus a full time job for 1 person, 2 people,
etc?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.2.20. <A
HREF="#faq-phb-cost"
> Is there any licensing fee or other fees for using Bugzilla? Any
out-of-pocket cost other than the bodies needed as identified above?
</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>3. <A
HREF="#faq-security"
>Bugzilla Security</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>A.3.1. <A
HREF="#faq-security-mysql"
> How do I completely disable MySQL security if it's giving me problems
(I've followed the instructions in the installation section of this guide)?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.3.2. <A
HREF="#faq-security-knownproblems"
> Are there any security problems with Bugzilla?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.3.3. <A
HREF="#faq-security-mysqluser"
> I've implemented the security fixes mentioned in Chris Yeh's security
advisory of 5/10/2000 advising not to run MySQL as root, and am running into
problems with MySQL no longer working correctly.
</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>4. <A
HREF="#faq-email"
>Bugzilla Email</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>A.4.1. <A
HREF="#faq-email-nomail"
> I have a user who doesn't want to receive any more email from Bugzilla.
How do I stop it entirely for this user?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.4.2. <A
HREF="#faq-email-testing"
> I'm evaluating/testing Bugzilla, and don't want it to send email to
anyone but me. How do I do it?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.4.3. <A
HREF="#faq-email-whine"
> I want whineatnews.pl to whine at something more, or other than, only new
bugs. How do I do it?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.4.4. <A
HREF="#faq-email-procmail"
> I don't like/want to use Procmail to hand mail off to bug_email.pl.
What alternatives do I have?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.4.5. <A
HREF="#faq-email-mailif"
> How do I set up the email interface to submit/change bugs via email?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.4.6. <A
HREF="#faq-email-sendmailnow"
> Email takes FOREVER to reach me from Bugzilla -- it's extremely slow.
What gives?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.4.7. <A
HREF="#faq-email-nonreceived"
> How come email from Bugzilla changes never reaches me?
</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>5. <A
HREF="#faq-db"
>Bugzilla Database</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>A.5.1. <A
HREF="#faq-db-oracle"
> I've heard Bugzilla can be used with Oracle?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.5.2. <A
HREF="#faq-db-corrupted"
> I think my database might be corrupted, or contain invalid entries. What
do I do?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.5.3. <A
HREF="#faq-db-manualedit"
> I want to manually edit some entries in my database. How?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.5.4. <A
HREF="#faq-db-permissions"
> I think I've set up MySQL permissions correctly, but Bugzilla still can't
connect.
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.5.5. <A
HREF="#faq-db-synchronize"
> How do I synchronize bug information among multiple different Bugzilla
databases?
</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>6. <A
HREF="#faq-nt"
>Bugzilla and Win32</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>A.6.1. <A
HREF="#faq-nt-easiest"
> What is the easiest way to run Bugzilla on Win32 (Win98+/NT/2K)?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.6.2. <A
HREF="#faq-nt-bundle"
> Is there a "Bundle::Bugzilla" equivalent for Win32?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.6.3. <A
HREF="#faq-nt-mappings"
> CGI's are failing with a "something.cgi is not a valid Windows NT
application" error. Why?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.6.4. <A
HREF="#faq-nt-dbi"
> I'm having trouble with the perl modules for NT not being able to talk to
to the database.
</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>7. <A
HREF="#faq-use"
>Bugzilla Usage</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>A.7.1. <A
HREF="#faq-use-changeaddress"
> How do I change my user name (email address) in Bugzilla?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.7.2. <A
HREF="#faq-use-query"
> The query page is very confusing. Isn't there a simpler way to query?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.7.3. <A
HREF="#faq-use-accept"
> I'm confused by the behavior of the "accept" button in the Show Bug form.
Why doesn't it assign the bug to me when I accept it?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.7.4. <A
HREF="#faq-use-attachment"
> I can't upload anything into the database via the "Create Attachment"
link. What am I doing wrong?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.7.5. <A
HREF="#faq-use-keyword"
> How do I change a keyword in Bugzilla, once some bugs are using it?
</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
><DT
>8. <A
HREF="#faq-hacking"
>Bugzilla Hacking</A
></DT
><DD
><DL
><DT
>A.8.1. <A
HREF="#faq-hacking-templatestyle"
> What kind of style should I use for templatization?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.8.2. <A
HREF="#faq-hacking-bugzillabugs"
> What bugs are in Bugzilla right now?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.8.3. <A
HREF="#faq-hacking-priority"
> How can I change the default priority to a null value? For instance, have the default
priority be "---" instead of "P2"?
</A
></DT
><DT
>A.8.4. <A
HREF="#faq-hacking-patches"
> What's the best way to submit patches? What guidelines should I follow?
</A
></DT
></DL
></DD
></DL
><DIV
CLASS="qandadiv"
><H3
><A
NAME="faq-general"
></A
>1. General Questions</H3
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-general-information"
></A
><B
>A.1.1. </B
>
Where can I find information about Bugzilla?</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
You can stay up-to-date with the latest Bugzilla
information at <A
HREF="http://www.bugzilla.org/"
TARGET="_top"
> http://www.bugzilla.org/</A
>
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-general-license"
></A
><B
>A.1.2. </B
>
What license is Bugzilla distributed under?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Bugzilla is covered by the Mozilla Public License.
See details at <A
HREF="http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/"
TARGET="_top"
> http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/</A
>
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-general-support"
></A
><B
>A.1.3. </B
>
How do I get commercial support for Bugzilla?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
<A
HREF="http://bugzilla.org/consulting.html"
TARGET="_top"
>http://bugzilla.org/consulting.html</A
>
is a list of people and companies who have asked us to list them
as consultants for Bugzilla.
</P
><P
> <A
HREF="http://www.collab.net/"
TARGET="_top"
>www.collab.net</A
> offers
Bugzilla as part of their standard offering to large projects.
They do have some minimum fees that are pretty hefty, and generally
aren't interested in small projects.
</P
><P
> There are several experienced
Bugzilla hackers on the mailing list/newsgroup who are willing
to make themselves available for generous compensation.
Try sending a message to the mailing list asking for a volunteer.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-general-companies"
></A
><B
>A.1.4. </B
>
What major companies or projects are currently using Bugzilla
for bug-tracking?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
There are <EM
>dozens</EM
> of major companies with public
Bugzilla sites to track bugs in their products. A few include:
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
>Netscape/AOL</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>Mozilla.org</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>NASA</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>Red Hat Software</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>SuSe Corp</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>The Horde Project</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>AbiSource</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>Real Time Enterprises, Inc</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>Eggheads.org</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>Strata Software</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>RockLinux</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>Creative Labs (makers of SoundBlaster)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>The Apache Foundation</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>The Gnome Foundation</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>Ximian</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
>Linux-Mandrake</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
</P
><P
> Suffice to say, there are more than enough huge projects using Bugzilla
that we can safely say it's extremely popular.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-general-maintainers"
></A
><B
>A.1.5. </B
>
Who maintains Bugzilla?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
A
<A
HREF="http://www.bugzilla.org/who_we_are.html"
TARGET="_top"
>core team</A
>,
led by Dave Miller (justdave@netscape.com).
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-general-compare"
></A
><B
>A.1.6. </B
>
How does Bugzilla stack up against other bug-tracking databases?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
We can't find any head-to-head comparisons of Bugzilla against
other defect-tracking software. If you know of one, please
get in touch. However, from the author's personal
experience with other bug-trackers, Bugzilla offers
superior performance on commodity hardware, better price
(free!), more developer- friendly features (such as stored
queries, email integration, and platform independence),
improved scalability, open source code, greater
flexibility, and superior ease-of-use.
</P
><P
> If you happen to be a commercial bug-tracker vendor, please
step forward with a list of advantages your product has over
Bugzilla. We'd be happy to include it in the "Competitors"
section.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-general-bzmissing"
></A
><B
>A.1.7. </B
>
Why doesn't Bugzilla offer this or that feature or compatibility
with this other tracking software?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
It may be that the support has not been built yet, or that you
have not yet found it. Bugzilla is making tremendous strides in
usability, customizability, scalability, and user interface. It
is widely considered the most complete and popular open-source
bug-tracking software in existence.
</P
><P
> That doesn't mean it can't use improvement!
You can help the project along by either hacking a patch yourself
that supports the functionality you require, or else submitting a
"Request for Enhancement" (RFE) using the bug submission interface
at <A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=Bugzilla"
TARGET="_top"
>bugzilla.mozilla.org</A
>.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-general-mysql"
></A
><B
>A.1.8. </B
>
Why MySQL? I'm interested in seeing Bugzilla run on
Oracle/Sybase/Msql/PostgreSQL/MSSQL.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
MySQL was originally chosen because it is free, easy to install,
and was available for the hardware Netscape intended to run it on.
</P
><P
> There is currently work in progress to make Bugzilla work on
PostgreSQL and Sybase in the default distribution. You can track
the progress of these initiatives in bugs <A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=98304"
TARGET="_top"
>98304</A
>
and <A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=173130"
TARGET="_top"
>173130</A
>
respectively.
</P
><P
> Once both of these are done, adding support for additional
database servers should be trivial.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-general-bonsaitools"
></A
><B
>A.1.9. </B
>
What is <TT
CLASS="filename"
>/usr/bonsaitools/bin/perl</TT
>?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Bugzilla used to have the path to perl on the shebang line set to
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>/usr/bonsaitools/bin/perl</TT
> because when
Terry first started writing the code for mozilla.org he needed a
version of Perl and other tools that were completely under his
control. This location was abandoned for the 2.18 release in favor
of the more sensible <TT
CLASS="filename"
>/usr/bin/perl</TT
>. If you
installed an older verion of Bugzilla and created the symlink we
suggested, you can remove it now (provided that you don't have
anything else, such as Bonsai, using it and you don't intend to
reinstall an older version of Bugzilla).
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-general-perlpath"
></A
><B
>A.1.10. </B
>
My perl is not located at <TT
CLASS="filename"
>/usr/bin/perl</TT
>, is
there an easy way to change it everywhere it needs to be changed?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Yes, the following bit of perl magic will change all the shebang
lines. Be sure to change <TT
CLASS="filename"
>/usr/local/bin/perl</TT
>
to your path to the perl binary.
</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> perl -pi -e 's@#\!/usr/bin/perl@#\!/usr/local/bin/perl@' *cgi *pl
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-general-cookie"
></A
><B
>A.1.11. </B
>
Is there an easy way to change the Bugzilla cookie name?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
At present, no.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandadiv"
><H3
><A
NAME="faq-phb"
></A
>2. Managerial Questions</H3
><P
> <DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> Questions likely to be asked by managers. :-)
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</P
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-client"
></A
><B
>A.2.1. </B
>
Is Bugzilla web-based, or do you have to have specific software or
a specific operating system on your machine?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
It is web and e-mail based. You can edit bugs by sending specially
formatted email to a properly configured Bugzilla, or control via the web.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-integration"
></A
><B
>A.2.2. </B
>
Can Bugzilla integrate with
Perforce (SCM software)?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Yes! You can find more information elsewhere in "The Bugzilla
Guide" in the "Integration with Third-Party Products" section.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-projects"
></A
><B
>A.2.3. </B
>
Does Bugzilla allow the user to track multiple projects?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Absolutely! You can track any number of Products that can each be
composed of any number of Components.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-sorting"
></A
><B
>A.2.4. </B
>
If I am on many projects, and search for all bugs assigned to me, will
Bugzilla list them for me and allow me to sort by project, severity etc?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Yes.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-attachments"
></A
><B
>A.2.5. </B
>
Does Bugzilla allow attachments (text, screenshots, URLs etc)? If yes,
are there any that are NOT allowed?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Yes - any sort of attachment is allowed, although administrators can
configure a maximum size.
Bugzilla gives the user the option of either using the MIME-type
supplied by the browser, choosing from a pre-defined list or
manually typing any arbitrary MIME-type.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-priorities"
></A
><B
>A.2.6. </B
>
Does Bugzilla allow us to define our own priorities and levels? Do we
have complete freedom to change the labels of fields and format of them, and
the choice of acceptable values?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Yes. However, modifying some fields, notably those related to bug
progression states, also require adjusting the program logic to
compensate for the change.
</P
><P
> There is no GUI for adding fields to Bugzilla at this
time. You can follow development of this feature at
<A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=91037"
TARGET="_top"
>http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=91037</A
>
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-reporting"
></A
><B
>A.2.7. </B
>
Does Bugzilla provide any reporting features, metrics, graphs, etc? You
know, the type of stuff that management likes to see. :)
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Yes. Look at <A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/report.cgi"
TARGET="_top"
> http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/report.cgi</A
> for samples of what
Bugzilla can do in reporting and graphing.
</P
><P
> If you can not get the reports you want from the included reporting
scripts, it is possible to hook up a professional reporting package
such as Crystal Reports using ODBC. If you choose to do this,
beware that giving direct access to the database does contain some
security implications. Even if you give read-only access to the
bugs database it will bypass the secure bugs features of Bugzilla.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-email"
></A
><B
>A.2.8. </B
>
Is there email notification and if so, what do you see when you get an
email?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Email notification is user-configurable. By default, the bug id and
Summary of the bug report accompany each email notification, along with
a list of the changes made.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-cclist"
></A
><B
>A.2.9. </B
>
Can email notification be set up to send to multiple
people, some on the To List, CC List, BCC List etc?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Yes.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-emailapp"
></A
><B
>A.2.10. </B
>
Do users have to have any particular
type of email application?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Bugzilla email is sent in plain text, the most compatible mail format
on the planet.
<DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> If you decide to use the bugzilla_email integration features
to allow Bugzilla to record responses to mail with the associated bug,
you may need to caution your users to set their mailer to "respond
to messages in the format in which they were sent". For security reasons
Bugzilla ignores HTML tags in comments, and if a user sends HTML-based
email into Bugzilla the resulting comment looks downright awful.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-data"
></A
><B
>A.2.11. </B
>
Does Bugzilla allow data to be imported and exported? If I had outsiders
write up a bug report using a MS Word bug template, could that template be
imported into "matching" fields? If I wanted to take the results of a query
and export that data to MS Excel, could I do that?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Bugzilla can output buglists as HTML (the default), CSV or RDF.
The link for CSV can be found at the bottom of the buglist in HTML
format. This CSV format can easily be imported into MS Excel or
other spread-sheet applications.
</P
><P
> To use the RDF format of the buglist it is necessary to append a
<TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
>&ctype=rdf</TT
> to the URL. RDF
is meant to be machine readable and thus it is assumed that the
URL would be generated progmatically so there is no user visible
link to this format.
</P
><P
> Currently the only script included with Bugzilla that can import
data is <TT
CLASS="filename"
>importxml.pl</TT
> which is intended to be
used for importing the data generated by the XML ctype of
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>show_bug.cgi</TT
> in association with bug moving.
Any other use is left as an exercise for the user.
</P
><P
> There are also scripts included in the <TT
CLASS="filename"
>contrib/</TT
>
directory for using e-mail to import information into Bugzilla,
but these scripts are not currently supported and included for
educational purposes.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-l10n"
></A
><B
>A.2.12. </B
>
Has anyone converted Bugzilla to another language to be used in other
countries? Is it localizable?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Yes. For more information including available translated templates,
see <A
HREF="http://www.bugzilla.org/download.html#localizations"
TARGET="_top"
>http://www.bugzilla.org/download.html#localizations</A
>.
The admin interfaces are still not included in these translated
templates and is therefore still English only. Also, there may be
issues with the charset not being declared. See <A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=126266"
TARGET="_top"
>bug 126226</A
>
for more information.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-reports"
></A
><B
>A.2.13. </B
>
Can a user create and save reports? Can they do this in Word format?
Excel format?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Yes. No. Yes (using the CSV format).
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-searching"
></A
><B
>A.2.14. </B
>
Does Bugzilla have the ability to search by word, phrase, compound
search?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
You have no idea. Bugzilla's query interface, particularly with the
advanced Boolean operators, is incredibly versatile.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-midair"
></A
><B
>A.2.15. </B
>
Does Bugzilla provide record locking when there is simultaneous access
to the same bug? Does the second person get a notice that the bug is in use
or how are they notified?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Bugzilla does not lock records. It provides mid-air collision detection,
and offers the offending user a choice of options to deal with the conflict.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-backup"
></A
><B
>A.2.16. </B
>
Are there any backup features provided?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
MySQL, the database back-end for Bugzilla, allows hot-backup of data.
You can find strategies for dealing with backup considerations
at <A
HREF="http://www.mysql.com/doc/B/a/Backup.html"
TARGET="_top"
> http://www.mysql.com/doc/B/a/Backup.html</A
>
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-livebackup"
></A
><B
>A.2.17. </B
>
Can users be on the system while a backup is in progress?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Yes. However, commits to the database must wait
until the tables are unlocked. Bugzilla databases are typically
very small, and backups routinely take less than a minute.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-maintenance"
></A
><B
>A.2.18. </B
>
What type of human resources are needed to be on staff to install and
maintain Bugzilla? Specifically, what type of skills does the person need to
have? I need to find out if we were to go with Bugzilla, what types of
individuals would we need to hire and how much would that cost vs buying an
"Out-of-the-Box" solution.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
If Bugzilla is set up correctly from the start, continuing maintenance
needs are minimal and can be done easily using the web interface.
</P
><P
> Commercial Bug-tracking software typically costs somewhere upwards
of $20,000 or more for 5-10 floating licenses. Bugzilla consultation
is available from skilled members of the newsgroup. Simple questions
are answered there and then.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-installtime"
></A
><B
>A.2.19. </B
>
What time frame are we looking at if we decide to hire people to install
and maintain the Bugzilla? Is this something that takes hours or weeks to
install and a couple of hours per week to maintain and customize or is this
a multi-week install process, plus a full time job for 1 person, 2 people,
etc?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
It all depends on your level of commitment. Someone with much Bugzilla
experience can get you up and running in less than a day, and
your Bugzilla install can run untended for years. If your
Bugzilla strategy is critical to your business workflow, hire somebody
with reasonable UNIX or Perl skills to handle your process management and
bug-tracking maintenance & customization.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-phb-cost"
></A
><B
>A.2.20. </B
>
Is there any licensing fee or other fees for using Bugzilla? Any
out-of-pocket cost other than the bodies needed as identified above?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
No. MySQL asks, if you find their product valuable, that you purchase
a support contract from them that suits your needs.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandadiv"
><H3
><A
NAME="faq-security"
></A
>3. Bugzilla Security</H3
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-security-mysql"
></A
><B
>A.3.1. </B
>
How do I completely disable MySQL security if it's giving me problems
(I've followed the instructions in the installation section of this guide)?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Run MySQL like this: "mysqld --skip-grant-tables". Please remember <EM
>this
makes MySQL as secure as taping a $100 to the floor of a football stadium
bathroom for safekeeping.</EM
>
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-security-knownproblems"
></A
><B
>A.3.2. </B
>
Are there any security problems with Bugzilla?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
The Bugzilla code has undergone a reasonably complete security audit,
and user-facing CGIs run under Perl's taint mode. However,
it is recommended that you closely examine permissions on your Bugzilla
installation, and follow the recommended security guidelines found
in The Bugzilla Guide.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-security-mysqluser"
></A
><B
>A.3.3. </B
>
I've implemented the security fixes mentioned in Chris Yeh's security
advisory of 5/10/2000 advising not to run MySQL as root, and am running into
problems with MySQL no longer working correctly.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
This is a common problem, related to running out of file descriptors.
Simply add "ulimit -n unlimited" to the script which starts
mysqld.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandadiv"
><H3
><A
NAME="faq-email"
></A
>4. Bugzilla Email</H3
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-email-nomail"
></A
><B
>A.4.1. </B
>
I have a user who doesn't want to receive any more email from Bugzilla.
How do I stop it entirely for this user?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
The user should be able to set
this in user email preferences (uncheck all boxes) or you can add
their email address to the <TT
CLASS="filename"
>data/nomail</TT
> file.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-email-testing"
></A
><B
>A.4.2. </B
>
I'm evaluating/testing Bugzilla, and don't want it to send email to
anyone but me. How do I do it?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Edit the "newchangedmail" Param. Replace "To:" with "X-Real-To:",
replace "Cc:" with "X-Real-CC:", and add a "To: <youremailaddress>".
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-email-whine"
></A
><B
>A.4.3. </B
>
I want whineatnews.pl to whine at something more, or other than, only new
bugs. How do I do it?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Try Klaas Freitag's excellent patch for "whineatassigned" functionality.
You can find it at <A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6679"
TARGET="_top"
>http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6679</A
>. This
patch is against an older version of Bugzilla, so you must apply
the diffs manually.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-email-procmail"
></A
><B
>A.4.4. </B
>
I don't like/want to use Procmail to hand mail off to bug_email.pl.
What alternatives do I have?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
You can call bug_email.pl directly from your aliases file, with
an entry like this:
<A
NAME="AEN1886"
></A
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="BLOCKQUOTE"
><P
> bugzilla-daemon: "|/usr/local/bin/bugzilla/contrib/bug_email.pl"
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
>
However, this is fairly nasty and subject to problems; you also
need to set up your smrsh (sendmail restricted shell) to allow
it. In a pinch, though, it can work.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-email-mailif"
></A
><B
>A.4.5. </B
>
How do I set up the email interface to submit/change bugs via email?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
You can find an updated README.mailif file in the contrib/ directory
of your Bugzilla distribution that walks you through the setup.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-email-sendmailnow"
></A
><B
>A.4.6. </B
>
Email takes FOREVER to reach me from Bugzilla -- it's extremely slow.
What gives?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
If you are using an alternate <A
HREF="#gloss-mta"
><I
CLASS="glossterm"
>MTA</I
></A
>,
make sure the options given in <TT
CLASS="filename"
>Bugzilla/BugMail.pm</TT
>
and any other place where <SPAN
CLASS="application"
>sendmail</SPAN
> is called from
are correct for your MTA. You should also ensure that the
<TT
CLASS="option"
>sendmailnow</TT
> param is set to <TT
CLASS="literal"
>on</TT
>.
</P
><P
> If you are using <SPAN
CLASS="application"
>sendmail</SPAN
>, try enabling
<TT
CLASS="option"
>sendmailnow</TT
> in <TT
CLASS="filename"
>editparams.cgi</TT
>.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-email-nonreceived"
></A
><B
>A.4.7. </B
>
How come email from Bugzilla changes never reaches me?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Double-check that you have not turned off email in your user preferences.
Confirm that Bugzilla is able to send email by visiting the "Log In"
link of your Bugzilla installation and clicking the "Email me a password"
button after entering your email address.
</P
><P
> If you never receive mail from Bugzilla, chances you do not have
sendmail in "/usr/lib/sendmail". Ensure sendmail lives in, or is symlinked
to, "/usr/lib/sendmail".
</P
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandadiv"
><H3
><A
NAME="faq-db"
></A
>5. Bugzilla Database</H3
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-db-oracle"
></A
><B
>A.5.1. </B
>
I've heard Bugzilla can be used with Oracle?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Red Hat's old version of Bugzilla (based on 2.8) worked on Oracle.
Red Hat's newer version (based on 2.17.1 and soon to be merged into
the main distribution) runs on PostgreSQL. At this time we know of
no recent ports of Bugzilla to Oracle but do intend to support it
in the future (possibly the 2.20 time-frame).
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-db-corrupted"
></A
><B
>A.5.2. </B
>
I think my database might be corrupted, or contain invalid entries. What
do I do?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Run the <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"sanity check"</SPAN
> utility
(<TT
CLASS="filename"
>./sanitycheck.cgi</TT
> in the
Bugzilla_home directory) from your web browser to see! If
it finishes without errors, you're
<EM
>probably</EM
> OK. If it doesn't come back
OK (i.e. any red letters), there are certain things
Bugzilla can recover from and certain things it can't. If
it can't auto-recover, I hope you're familiar with
mysqladmin commands or have installed another way to
manage your database. Sanity Check, although it is a good
basic check on your database integrity, by no means is a
substitute for competent database administration and
avoiding deletion of data. It is not exhaustive, and was
created to do a basic check for the most common problems
in Bugzilla databases.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-db-manualedit"
></A
><B
>A.5.3. </B
>
I want to manually edit some entries in my database. How?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
There is no facility in Bugzilla itself to do this. It's also generally
not a smart thing to do if you don't know exactly what you're doing.
However, if you understand SQL you can use the <B
CLASS="command"
>mysql</B
>
command line utility to manually insert, delete and modify table
information. There are also more intuitive GUI clients available.
Personal favorites of the Bugzilla team are <A
HREF="http://www.phpmyadmin.net/"
TARGET="_top"
>phpMyAdmin</A
> and <A
HREF="http://www.mysql.com/downloads/gui-mycc.html"
TARGET="_top"
>MySQL Control
Center</A
>.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-db-permissions"
></A
><B
>A.5.4. </B
>
I think I've set up MySQL permissions correctly, but Bugzilla still can't
connect.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Try running MySQL from its binary: "mysqld --skip-grant-tables". This
will allow you to completely rule out grant tables as the cause of your
frustration. If this Bugzilla is able to connect at this point then
you need to check that you have granted proper permission to the user
password combo defined in <TT
CLASS="filename"
>localconfig</TT
>.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="warning"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="warning"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/warning.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Warning"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> Running MySQL with this command line option is very insecure and
should only be done when not connected to the external network
as a troubleshooting step.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-db-synchronize"
></A
><B
>A.5.5. </B
>
How do I synchronize bug information among multiple different Bugzilla
databases?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Well, you can synchronize or you can move bugs. Synchronization will
only work one way -- you can create a read-only copy of the database
at one site, and have it regularly updated at intervals from the main
database.
</P
><P
> MySQL has some synchronization features builtin to the latest releases.
It would be great if someone looked into the possibilities there
and provided a report to the newsgroup on how to effectively
synchronize two Bugzilla installations.
</P
><P
> If you simply need to transfer bugs from one Bugzilla to another,
checkout the "move.pl" script in the Bugzilla distribution.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandadiv"
><H3
><A
NAME="faq-nt"
></A
>6. Bugzilla and Win32</H3
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-nt-easiest"
></A
><B
>A.6.1. </B
>
What is the easiest way to run Bugzilla on Win32 (Win98+/NT/2K)?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Remove Windows. Install Linux. Install Bugzilla.
The boss will never know the difference.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-nt-bundle"
></A
><B
>A.6.2. </B
>
Is there a "Bundle::Bugzilla" equivalent for Win32?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Not currently. Bundle::Bugzilla enormously simplifies Bugzilla
installation on UNIX systems. If someone can volunteer to
create a suitable PPM bundle for Win32, it would be appreciated.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-nt-mappings"
></A
><B
>A.6.3. </B
>
CGI's are failing with a "something.cgi is not a valid Windows NT
application" error. Why?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Depending on what Web server you are using, you will have to configure
the Web server to treat *.cgi files as CGI scripts. In IIS, you do this by
adding *.cgi to the App Mappings with the <path>\perl.exe %s %s as the
executable.
</P
><P
> Microsoft has some advice on this matter, as well:
<A
NAME="AEN1969"
></A
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="BLOCKQUOTE"
><P
> "Set application mappings. In the ISM, map the extension for the script
file(s) to the executable for the script interpreter. For example, you might
map the extension .py to Python.exe, the executable for the Python script
interpreter. Note For the ActiveState Perl script interpreter, the extension
.pl is associated with PerlIS.dll by default. If you want to change the
association of .pl to perl.exe, you need to change the application mapping.
In the mapping, you must add two percent (%) characters to the end of the
pathname for perl.exe, as shown in this example: c:\perl\bin\perl.exe %s %s"
</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
>
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-nt-dbi"
></A
><B
>A.6.4. </B
>
I'm having trouble with the perl modules for NT not being able to talk to
to the database.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Your modules may be outdated or inaccurate. Try:
<P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> Hitting http://www.activestate.com/ActivePerl
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Download ActivePerl
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Go to your prompt
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Type 'ppm'
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>PPM></TT
> <B
CLASS="command"
>install DBI DBD-mysql GD</B
>
</P
></LI
></OL
>
I reckon TimeDate and Data::Dumper come with the activeperl. You can check
the ActiveState site for packages for installation through PPM.
<A
HREF=" http://www.activestate.com/Packages/"
TARGET="_top"
> http://www.activestate.com/Packages/</A
>
</P
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandadiv"
><H3
><A
NAME="faq-use"
></A
>7. Bugzilla Usage</H3
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-use-changeaddress"
></A
><B
>A.7.1. </B
>
How do I change my user name (email address) in Bugzilla?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
New in 2.16 - go to the Account section of the Preferences. You will
be emailed at both addresses for confirmation.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-use-query"
></A
><B
>A.7.2. </B
>
The query page is very confusing. Isn't there a simpler way to query?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
The interface was simplified by a UI designer for 2.16. Further
suggestions for improvement are welcome, but we won't sacrifice power for
simplicity.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-use-accept"
></A
><B
>A.7.3. </B
>
I'm confused by the behavior of the "accept" button in the Show Bug form.
Why doesn't it assign the bug to me when I accept it?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
The current behavior is acceptable to bugzilla.mozilla.org and most
users. You have your choice of patches
to change this behavior, however.
<P
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/showattachment.cgi?attach_id=8029"
TARGET="_top"
> Add a "and accept bug" radio button</A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/showattachment.cgi?attach_id=8153"
TARGET="_top"
> "Accept" button automatically assigns to you</A
></TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
>
Note that these patches are somewhat dated. You will need to apply
them manually.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-use-attachment"
></A
><B
>A.7.4. </B
>
I can't upload anything into the database via the "Create Attachment"
link. What am I doing wrong?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
The most likely cause is a very old browser or a browser that is
incompatible with file upload via POST. Download the latest Netscape,
Microsoft, or Mozilla browser to handle uploads correctly.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-use-keyword"
></A
><B
>A.7.5. </B
>
How do I change a keyword in Bugzilla, once some bugs are using it?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
In the Bugzilla administrator UI, edit the keyword and it will let you
replace the old keyword name with a new one. This will cause a problem
with the keyword cache. Run sanitycheck.cgi to fix it.
</P
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandadiv"
><H3
><A
NAME="faq-hacking"
></A
>8. Bugzilla Hacking</H3
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-hacking-templatestyle"
></A
><B
>A.8.1. </B
>
What kind of style should I use for templatization?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Gerv and Myk suggest a 2-space indent, with embedded code sections on
their own line, in line with outer tags. Like this:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> <fred>
[% IF foo %]
<bar>
[% FOREACH x = barney %]
<tr>
<td>
[% x %]
</td>
<tr>
[% END %]
[% END %]
</fred>
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
> Myk also recommends you turn on PRE_CHOMP in the template
initialization to prevent bloating of HTML with unnecessary whitespace.
</P
><P
>Please note that many have differing opinions on this subject,
and the existing templates in Bugzilla espouse both this and a 4-space
style. Either is acceptable; the above is preferred.</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-hacking-bugzillabugs"
></A
><B
>A.8.2. </B
>
What bugs are in Bugzilla right now?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
Try <A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_status=NEW&bug_status=ASSIGNED&bug_status=REOPENED&product=Bugzilla"
TARGET="_top"
> this link</A
> to view current bugs or requests for
enhancement for Bugzilla.
</P
><P
> You can view bugs marked for 2.18 release
<A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?product=Bugzilla&target_milestone=Bugzilla+2.18"
TARGET="_top"
>here</A
>.
This list includes bugs for the 2.18 release that have already
been fixed and checked into CVS. Please consult the
<A
HREF="http://www.bugzilla.org/"
TARGET="_top"
> Bugzilla Project Page</A
> for details on how to
check current sources out of CVS so you can have these
bug fixes early!
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-hacking-priority"
></A
><B
>A.8.3. </B
>
How can I change the default priority to a null value? For instance, have the default
priority be "---" instead of "P2"?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
>
This is well-documented here: <A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=49862"
TARGET="_top"
> http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=49862</A
>. Ultimately, it's as easy
as adding the "---" priority field to your localconfig file in the appropriate area,
re-running checksetup.pl, and then changing the default priority in your browser using
"editparams.cgi".
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="qandaentry"
><DIV
CLASS="question"
><P
><A
NAME="faq-hacking-patches"
></A
><B
>A.8.4. </B
>
What's the best way to submit patches? What guidelines should I follow?
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="answer"
><P
><B
> </B
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> Enter a bug into bugzilla.mozilla.org for the <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"<A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=Bugzilla"
TARGET="_top"
>Bugzilla</A
>"</SPAN
>
product.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Upload your patch as a unified diff (having used "diff -u" against
the <EM
>current sources</EM
> checked out of CVS),
or new source file by clicking
"Create a new attachment" link on the bug page you've just created, and
include any descriptions of database changes you may make, into the bug
ID you submitted in step #1. Be sure and click the "Patch" checkbox
to indicate the text you are sending is a patch!
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Announce your patch and the associated URL
(http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=XXXXXX) for discussion in
the newsgroup (netscape.public.mozilla.webtools). You'll get a really
good, fairly immediate reaction to the implications of your patch,
which will also give us an idea how well-received the change would
be.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> If it passes muster with minimal modification, the person to whom
the bug is assigned in Bugzilla is responsible for seeing the patch
is checked into CVS.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Bask in the glory of the fact that you helped write the most successful
open-source bug-tracking software on the planet :)
</P
></LI
></OL
></P
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="appendix"
><HR><H1
><A
NAME="database"
></A
>Appendix B. The Bugzilla Database</H1
><DIV
CLASS="note"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="note"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>This document really needs to be updated with more fleshed out
information about primary keys, interrelationships, and maybe some nifty
tables to document dependencies. Any takers?</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="dbmodify"
></A
>B.1. Modifying Your Running System</H1
><P
>Bugzilla optimizes database lookups by storing all relatively
static information in the
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>versioncache</TT
> file, located in the
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>data/</TT
>
subdirectory under your installation directory.</P
><P
>If you make a change to the structural data in your database (the
versions table for example), or to the
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"constants"</SPAN
>
encoded in <TT
CLASS="filename"
>defparams.pl</TT
>, you will need to remove
the cached content from the data directory (by doing a
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"rm data/versioncache"</SPAN
>
), or your changes won't show up.</P
><P
> <TT
CLASS="filename"
>versioncache</TT
>
gets automatically regenerated whenever it's more than
an hour old, so Bugzilla will eventually notice your changes by itself,
but generally you want it to notice right away, so that you can test
things.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="dbdoc"
></A
>B.2. MySQL Bugzilla Database Introduction</H1
><P
>This information comes straight from my life. I was forced to learn
how Bugzilla organizes database because of nitpicky requests from users
for tiny changes in wording, rather than having people re-educate
themselves or figure out how to work our procedures around the tool. It
sucks, but it can and will happen to you, so learn how the schema works
and deal with it when it comes.</P
><P
>So, here you are with your brand-new installation of Bugzilla.
You've got MySQL set up, Apache working right, Perl DBI and DBD talking
to the database flawlessly. Maybe you've even entered a few test bugs to
make sure email's working; people seem to be notified of new bugs and
changes, and you can enter and edit bugs to your heart's content. Perhaps
you've gone through the trouble of setting up a gateway for people to
submit bugs to your database via email, have had a few people test it,
and received rave reviews from your beta testers.</P
><P
>What's the next thing you do? Outline a training strategy for your
development team, of course, and bring them up to speed on the new tool
you've labored over for hours.</P
><P
>Your first training session starts off very well! You have a
captive audience which seems enraptured by the efficiency embodied in
this thing called "Bugzilla". You are caught up describing the nifty
features, how people can save favorite queries in the database, set them
up as headers and footers on their pages, customize their layouts,
generate reports, track status with greater efficiency than ever before,
leap tall buildings with a single bound and rescue Jane from the clutches
of Certain Death!</P
><P
>But Certain Death speaks up -- a tiny voice, from the dark corners
of the conference room. "I have a concern," the voice hisses from the
darkness, "about the use of the word 'verified'.</P
><P
>The room, previously filled with happy chatter, lapses into
reverential silence as Certain Death (better known as the Vice President
of Software Engineering) continues. "You see, for two years we've used
the word 'verified' to indicate that a developer or quality assurance
engineer has confirmed that, in fact, a bug is valid. I don't want to
lose two years of training to a new software product. You need to change
the bug status of 'verified' to 'approved' as soon as possible. To avoid
confusion, of course."</P
><P
>Oh no! Terror strikes your heart, as you find yourself mumbling
"yes, yes, I don't think that would be a problem," You review the changes
with Certain Death, and continue to jabber on, "no, it's not too big a
change. I mean, we have the source code, right? You know, 'Use the
Source, Luke' and all that... no problem," All the while you quiver
inside like a beached jellyfish bubbling, burbling, and boiling on a hot
Jamaican sand dune...</P
><P
>Thus begins your adventure into the heart of Bugzilla. You've been
forced to learn about non-portable enum() fields, varchar columns, and
tinyint definitions. The Adventure Awaits You!</P
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H2
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN2091"
></A
>B.2.1. Bugzilla Database Basics</H2
><P
>If you were like me, at this point you're totally clueless about
the internals of MySQL, and if it weren't for this executive order from
the Vice President you couldn't care less about the difference between
a
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"bigint"</SPAN
>
and a
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"tinyint"</SPAN
>
entry in MySQL. I recommend you refer to the MySQL documentation,
available at
<A
HREF="http://www.mysql.com/doc.html"
TARGET="_top"
>MySQL.com</A
>
. Below are the basics you need to know about the Bugzilla database.
Check the chart above for more details.</P
><P
> <P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>To connect to your database:</P
><P
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>bash#</TT
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>mysql</B
>
<TT
CLASS="parameter"
><I
>-u root</I
></TT
>
</P
><P
>If this works without asking you for a password,
<EM
>shame on you</EM
>
! You should have locked your security down like the installation
instructions told you to. You can find details on locking down
your database in the Bugzilla FAQ in this directory (under
"Security"), or more robust security generalities in the
<A
HREF="http://www.mysql.com/php/manual.php3?section=Privilege_system"
TARGET="_top"
>MySQL
searchable documentation</A
>.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>You should now be at a prompt that looks like this:</P
><P
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>mysql></TT
>
</P
><P
>At the prompt, if
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"bugs"</SPAN
>
is the name you chose in the
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>localconfig</TT
>
file for your Bugzilla database, type:</P
><P
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>mysql</TT
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>use bugs;</B
>
</P
></LI
></OL
>
</P
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H3
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="AEN2118"
></A
>B.2.1.1. Bugzilla Database Tables</H3
><P
>Imagine your MySQL database as a series of spreadsheets, and
you won't be too far off. If you use this command:</P
><P
> <TT
CLASS="prompt"
>mysql></TT
>
<B
CLASS="command"
>show tables from bugs;</B
>
</P
><P
>you'll be able to see the names of all the
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"spreadsheets"</SPAN
>
(tables) in your database.</P
><P
>From the command issued above, ou should have some
output that looks like this:
<TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> +-------------------+
| Tables in bugs |
+-------------------+
| attachments |
| bugs |
| bugs_activity |
| cc |
| components |
| dependencies |
| fielddefs |
| groups |
| keyworddefs |
| keywords |
| logincookies |
| longdescs |
| milestones |
| namedqueries |
| products |
| profiles |
| profiles_activity |
| tokens |
| versions |
| votes |
| watch |
+-------------------+
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
</P
><P
CLASS="literallayout"
><br>
Here's an overview of what each table does. Most columns in each table have<br>
descriptive names that make it fairly trivial to figure out their jobs.<br>
<br>
attachments: This table stores all attachments to bugs. It tends to be your<br>
largest table, yet also generally has the fewest entries because file<br>
attachments are so (relatively) large.<br>
<br>
bugs: This is the core of your system. The bugs table stores most of the<br>
current information about a bug, with the exception of the info stored in the<br>
other tables.<br>
<br>
bugs_activity: This stores information regarding what changes are made to bugs<br>
when -- a history file.<br>
<br>
cc: This tiny table simply stores all the CC information for any bug which has<br>
any entries in the CC field of the bug. Note that, like most other tables in<br>
Bugzilla, it does not refer to users by their user names, but by their unique<br>
userid, stored as a primary key in the profiles table.<br>
<br>
components: This stores the programs and components (or products and<br>
components, in newer Bugzilla parlance) for Bugzilla. Curiously, the "program"<br>
(product) field is the full name of the product, rather than some other unique<br>
identifier, like bug_id and user_id are elsewhere in the database.<br>
<br>
dependencies: Stores data about those cool dependency trees.<br>
<br>
fielddefs: A nifty table that defines other tables. For instance, when you<br>
submit a form that changes the value of "AssignedTo" this table allows<br>
translation to the actual field name "assigned_to" for entry into MySQL.<br>
<br>
groups: defines bitmasks for groups. A bitmask is a number that can uniquely<br>
identify group memberships. For instance, say the group that is allowed to<br>
tweak parameters is assigned a value of "1", the group that is allowed to edit<br>
users is assigned a "2", and the group that is allowed to create new groups is<br>
assigned the bitmask of "4". By uniquely combining the group bitmasks (much<br>
like the chmod command in UNIX,) you can identify a user is allowed to tweak<br>
parameters and create groups, but not edit users, by giving him a bitmask of<br>
"5", or a user allowed to edit users and create groups, but not tweak<br>
parameters, by giving him a bitmask of "6" Simple, huh?<br>
If this makes no sense to you, try this at the mysql prompt:<br>
mysql> select * from groups;<br>
You'll see the list, it makes much more sense that way.<br>
<br>
keyworddefs: Definitions of keywords to be used<br>
<br>
keywords: Unlike what you'd think, this table holds which keywords are<br>
associated with which bug id's.<br>
<br>
logincookies: This stores every login cookie ever assigned to you for every<br>
machine you've ever logged into Bugzilla from. Curiously, it never does any<br>
housecleaning -- I see cookies in this file I've not used for months. However,<br>
since Bugzilla never expires your cookie (for convenience' sake), it makes<br>
sense.<br>
<br>
longdescs: The meat of bugzilla -- here is where all user comments are stored!<br>
You've only got 2^24 bytes per comment (it's a mediumtext field), so speak<br>
sparingly -- that's only the amount of space the Old Testament from the Bible<br>
would take (uncompressed, 16 megabytes). Each comment is keyed to the<br>
bug_id to which it's attached, so the order is necessarily chronological, for<br>
comments are played back in the order in which they are received.<br>
<br>
milestones: Interesting that milestones are associated with a specific product<br>
in this table, but Bugzilla does not yet support differing milestones by<br>
product through the standard configuration interfaces.<br>
<br>
namedqueries: This is where everybody stores their "custom queries". Very<br>
cool feature; it beats the tar out of having to bookmark each cool query you<br>
construct.<br>
<br>
products: What products you have, whether new bug entries are allowed for the<br>
product, what milestone you're working toward on that product, votes, etc. It<br>
will be nice when the components table supports these same features, so you<br>
could close a particular component for bug entry without having to close an<br>
entire product...<br>
<br>
profiles: Ahh, so you were wondering where your precious user information was<br>
stored? Here it is! With the passwords in plain text for all to see! (but<br>
sshh... don't tell your users!)<br>
<br>
profiles_activity: Need to know who did what when to who's profile? This'll<br>
tell you, it's a pretty complete history.<br>
<br>
versions: Version information for every product<br>
<br>
votes: Who voted for what when<br>
<br>
watch: Who (according to userid) is watching who's bugs (according to their<br>
userid).<br>
<br>
<br>
===<br>
THE DETAILS<br>
===<br>
<br>
Ahh, so you're wondering just what to do with the information above? At the<br>
mysql prompt, you can view any information about the columns in a table with<br>
this command (where "table" is the name of the table you wish to view):<br>
<br>
mysql> show columns from table;<br>
<br>
You can also view all the data in a table with this command:<br>
<br>
mysql> select * from table;<br>
<br>
-- note: this is a very bad idea to do on, for instance, the "bugs" table if<br>
you have 50,000 bugs. You'll be sitting there a while until you ctrl-c or<br>
50,000 bugs play across your screen.<br>
<br>
You can limit the display from above a little with the command, where<br>
"column" is the name of the column for which you wish to restrict information:<br>
<br>
mysql> select * from table where (column = "some info");<br>
<br>
-- or the reverse of this<br>
<br>
mysql> select * from table where (column != "some info");<br>
<br>
Let's take our example from the introduction, and assume you need to change<br>
the word "verified" to "approved" in the resolution field. We know from the<br>
above information that the resolution is likely to be stored in the "bugs"<br>
table. Note we'll need to change a little perl code as well as this database<br>
change, but I won't plunge into that in this document. Let's verify the<br>
information is stored in the "bugs" table:<br>
<br>
mysql> show columns from bugs<br>
<br>
(exceedingly long output truncated here)<br>
| bug_status| enum('UNCONFIRMED','NEW','ASSIGNED','REOPENED','RESOLVED','VERIFIED','CLOSED')||MUL | UNCONFIRMED||<br>
<br>
Sorry about that long line. We see from this that the "bug status" column is<br>
an "enum field", which is a MySQL peculiarity where a string type field can<br>
only have certain types of entries. While I think this is very cool, it's not<br>
standard SQL. Anyway, we need to add the possible enum field entry<br>
'APPROVED' by altering the "bugs" table.<br>
<br>
mysql> ALTER table bugs CHANGE bug_status bug_status<br>
-> enum("UNCONFIRMED", "NEW", "ASSIGNED", "REOPENED", "RESOLVED",<br>
-> "VERIFIED", "APPROVED", "CLOSED") not null;<br>
<br>
(note we can take three lines or more -- whatever you put in before the<br>
semicolon is evaluated as a single expression)<br>
<br>
Now if you do this:<br>
<br>
mysql> show columns from bugs;<br>
<br>
you'll see that the bug_status field has an extra "APPROVED" enum that's<br>
available! Cool thing, too, is that this is reflected on your query page as<br>
well -- you can query by the new status. But how's it fit into the existing<br>
scheme of things?<br>
Looks like you need to go back and look for instances of the word "verified"<br>
in the perl code for Bugzilla -- wherever you find "verified", change it to<br>
"approved" and you're in business (make sure that's a case-insensitive search).<br>
Although you can query by the enum field, you can't give something a status<br>
of "APPROVED" until you make the perl changes. Note that this change I<br>
mentioned can also be done by editing checksetup.pl, which automates a lot of<br>
this. But you need to know this stuff anyway, right?<br>
</P
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="appendix"
><HR><H1
><A
NAME="patches"
></A
>Appendix C. Useful Patches and Utilities for Bugzilla</H1
><P
>Are you looking for a way to put your Bugzilla into overdrive? Catch
some of the niftiest tricks here in this section.</P
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="rewrite"
></A
>C.1. Apache
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>mod_rewrite</TT
>
magic</H1
><P
>Apache's
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>mod_rewrite</TT
>
module lets you do some truly amazing things with URL rewriting. Here are
a couple of examples of what you can do.</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>Make it so if someone types
<TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
>http://www.foo.com/12345</TT
>
, Bugzilla spits back http://www.foo.com/show_bug.cgi?id=12345. Try
setting up your VirtualHost section for Bugzilla with a rule like
this:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
WIDTH="100%"
><TR
><TD
><FONT
COLOR="#000000"
><PRE
CLASS="programlisting"
> <VirtualHost 12.34.56.78>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule ^/([0-9]+)$ http://foo.bar.com/show_bug.cgi?id=$1 [L,R]
</VirtualHost>
</PRE
></FONT
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></LI
><LI
><P
>There are many, many more things you can do with mod_rewrite.
Please refer to the mod_rewrite documentation at
<A
HREF="http://www.apache.org"
TARGET="_top"
>http://www.apache.org</A
>.
</P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="cmdline"
></A
>C.2. Command-line Bugzilla Queries</H1
><P
>There are a suite of Unix utilities for querying Bugzilla from the
command line. They live in the
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>contrib/cmdline</TT
>
directory. However, they
have not yet been updated to work with 2.16 (post-templatisation.).
There are three files - <TT
CLASS="filename"
>query.conf</TT
>,
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>buglist</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="filename"
>bugs</TT
>.</P
><P
><TT
CLASS="filename"
>query.conf</TT
>
contains the mapping from options to field
names and comparison types. Quoted option names are "grepped" for, so it
should be easy to edit this file. Comments (#) have no effect; you must
make sure these lines do not contain any quoted "option".</P
><P
><TT
CLASS="filename"
>buglist</TT
>
is a shell script which submits a Bugzilla query and writes
the resulting HTML page to stdout. It supports both short options, (such
as "-Afoo" or "-Rbar") and long options (such as "--assignedto=foo" or
"--reporter=bar"). If the first character of an option is not "-", it is
treated as if it were prefixed with "--default=".</P
><P
>The column list is taken from the COLUMNLIST environment variable.
This is equivalent to the "Change Columns" option when you list bugs in
buglist.cgi. If you have already used Bugzilla, grep for COLUMNLIST
in your cookies file to see your current COLUMNLIST setting.</P
><P
><TT
CLASS="filename"
>bugs</TT
> is a simple shell script which calls
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>buglist</TT
> and extracts the
bug numbers from the output. Adding the prefix
"http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_id=" turns the bug list into
a working link if any bugs are found. Counting bugs is easy. Pipe the
results through
<B
CLASS="command"
>sed -e 's/,/ /g' | wc | awk '{printf $2 "\n"}'</B
>
</P
><P
>Akkana Peck says she has good results piping
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>buglist</TT
> output through
<B
CLASS="command"
>w3m -T text/html -dump</B
>
</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="appendix"
><HR><H1
><A
NAME="variants"
></A
>Appendix D. Bugzilla Variants and Competitors</H1
><P
>I created this section to answer questions about Bugzilla competitors
and variants, then found a wonderful site which covers an awful lot of what
I wanted to discuss. Rather than quote it in its entirety, I'll simply
refer you here:
<A
HREF="http://linas.org/linux/pm.html"
TARGET="_top"
> http://linas.org/linux/pm.html</A
>
</P
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="variant-redhat"
></A
>D.1. Red Hat Bugzilla</H1
><P
>Red Hat's old fork of Bugzilla which was based on version 2.8 is now
obsolete. The newest version in use is based on version 2.17.1 and is in
the process of being integrated into the main Bugzilla source tree. The
back-end is modified to work with PostgreSQL instead of MySQL and they have
custom templates to get their desired look and feel, but other than that it
is Bugzilla 2.17.1. Dave Lawrence of Red Hat put forth a great deal of
effort to make sure that the changes he made could be integrated back into
the main tree.
<A
HREF="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=98304"
TARGET="_top"
>Bug
98304</A
> exists to track this integration.
</P
><P
>URL:
<A
HREF="http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/"
TARGET="_top"
> http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/</A
>
</P
><P
>This section last updated 24 Dec 2002</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="variant-fenris"
></A
>D.2. Loki Bugzilla (Fenris)</H1
><P
>Fenris was a fork from Bugzilla made by Loki Games; when
Loki went into receivership, it died. While Loki's other code lives on,
its custodians recommend Bugzilla for future bug-tracker deployments.
</P
><P
>This section last updated 27 Jul 2002</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="variant-issuezilla"
></A
>D.3. Issuezilla</H1
><P
>Issuezilla was another fork from Bugzilla, made by collab.net and
hosted at tigris.org. It is also dead; the primary focus of bug-tracking
at tigris.org is their Java-based bug-tracker,
<A
HREF="#variant-scarab"
>Section D.4</A
>.</P
><P
>This section last updated 27 Jul 2002</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="variant-scarab"
></A
>D.4. Scarab</H1
><P
>Scarab is a new open source bug-tracking system built using Java
Servlet technology. It is currently at version 1.0 beta 13.</P
><P
>URL:
<A
HREF="http://scarab.tigris.org/"
TARGET="_top"
>http://scarab.tigris.org</A
>
</P
><P
>This section last updated 18 Jan 2003</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="variant-perforce"
></A
>D.5. Perforce SCM</H1
><P
>Although Perforce isn't really a bug tracker, it can be used as
such through the <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"jobs"</SPAN
>
functionality.</P
><P
>URL:
<A
HREF="http://www.perforce.com/perforce/technotes/note052.html"
TARGET="_top"
> http://www.perforce.com/perforce/technotes/note052.html
</A
>
</P
><P
>This section last updated 27 Jul 2002</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="variant-sourceforge"
></A
>D.6. SourceForge</H1
><P
>SourceForge is a way of coordinating geographically
distributed free software and open source projects over the Internet.
It has a built-in bug tracker, but it's not highly thought of.</P
><P
>URL:
<A
HREF="http://www.sourceforge.net"
TARGET="_top"
> http://www.sourceforge.net</A
>
</P
><P
>This section last updated 27 Jul 2002</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="appendix"
><HR><H1
><A
NAME="gfdl"
></A
>Appendix E. GNU Free Documentation License</H1
><P
>Version 1.1, March 2000</P
><A
NAME="AEN2206"
></A
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="BLOCKQUOTE"
><P
>Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place,
Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and
distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is
not allowed.</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="gfdl-0"
></A
>0. PREAMBLE</H1
><P
>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the
effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying
it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License
preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their
work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by
others.</P
><P
>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
designed for free software.</P
><P
>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it
can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether
it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally
for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="gfdl-1"
></A
>1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</H1
><P
>This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under
the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such
manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed
as "you".</P
><P
>A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.</P
><P
>A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection
with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.</P
><P
>The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
notice that says that the Document is released under this License.</P
><P
>The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are
listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says
that the Document is released under this License.</P
><P
>A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the general
public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for
automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose
markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent modification
by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called
"Opaque".</P
><P
>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or
XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML
designed for human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF,
proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word
processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not
generally available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word
processors for output purposes only.</P
><P
>The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats
which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text
near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the
beginning of the body of the text.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="gfdl-2"
></A
>2. VERBATIM COPYING</H1
><P
>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to
the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical
measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the
copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in
exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies
you must also follow the conditions in section 3.</P
><P
>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
and you may publicly display copies.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="gfdl-3"
></A
>3. COPYING IN QUANTITY</H1
><P
>If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than
100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these
Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts
on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you
as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full
title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may
add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes
limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document
and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
respects.</P
><P
>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably)
on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.</P
><P
>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each
Opaque copy a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a
complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which
the general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until
at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy
(directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the
public.</P
><P
>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to
give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
Document.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="gfdl-4"
></A
>4. MODIFICATIONS</H1
><P
>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it.
In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="A"
><LI
><P
>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History
section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous
version if the original publisher of that version gives
permission.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the
Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal
authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less
than five).</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
Modified Version, as the publisher.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
adjacent to the other copyright notices.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under
the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum
below.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license
notice.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Include an unaltered copy of this License.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add
to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one
stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
Version as stated in the previous sentence.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it
was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may
omit a network location for a work that was published at least four
years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the
version it refers to gives permission.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or
dedications given therein.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent
are not considered part of the section titles.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may
not be included in the Modified Version.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to
conflict in title with any Invariant Section.</P
></LI
></OL
><P
>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of
these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of
Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles
must be distinct from any other section titles.</P
><P
>You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for
example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by
an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.</P
><P
>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the
list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through
arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a
cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement
made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add
another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the
previous publisher that added the old one.</P
><P
>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert
or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="gfdl-5"
></A
>5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS</H1
><P
>You may combine the Document with other documents released under
this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list
them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license
notice.</P
><P
>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy.
If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different
contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end
of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of
that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment
to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license
notice of the combined work.</P
><P
>In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled
"History" in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
"History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and
any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
entitled "Endorsements."</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="gfdl-6"
></A
>6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</H1
><P
>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies
of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is
included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this
License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other
respects.</P
><P
>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy
of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in
all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="gfdl-7"
></A
>7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</H1
><P
>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified
Version of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for
the compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they are
not themselves derivative works of the Document.</P
><P
>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of
the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers
that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise they must
appear on covers around the whole aggregate.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="gfdl-8"
></A
>8. TRANSLATION</H1
><P
>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations
of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of
these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License
provided that you also include the original English version of this
License. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the
original English version of this License, the original English version
will prevail.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="gfdl-9"
></A
>9. TERMINATION</H1
><P
>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties
who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not
have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full
compliance.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="gfdl-10"
></A
>10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</H1
><P
>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
detail to address new problems or concerns. See
<A
HREF="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/"
TARGET="_top"
> http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</A
>
.</P
><P
>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of
this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of
any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of
this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft)
by the Free Software Foundation.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="section"
><HR><H1
CLASS="section"
><A
NAME="gfdl-howto"
></A
>How to use this License for your documents</H1
><P
>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy
of the License in the document and put the following copyright and
license notices just after the title page:</P
><A
NAME="AEN2296"
></A
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="BLOCKQUOTE"
><P
>Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy,
distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free
Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by
the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being LIST
THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the
Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
><P
>If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant
Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover
Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.</P
><P
>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their
use in free software.</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="GLOSSARY"
><H1
><A
NAME="glossary"
></A
>Glossary</H1
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="AEN2301"
></A
>0-9, high ascii</H1
><DL
><DT
><B
>.htaccess</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Apache web server, and other NCSA-compliant web servers,
observe the convention of using files in directories called
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>.htaccess</TT
>
to restrict access to certain files. In Bugzilla, they are used
to keep secret files which would otherwise
compromise your installation - e.g. the
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>localconfig</TT
>
file contains the password to your database.
curious.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="gloss-a"
></A
>A</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="gloss-apache"
></A
><B
>Apache</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>In this context, Apache is the web server most commonly used
for serving up Bugzilla
pages. Contrary to popular belief, the apache web server has nothing
to do with the ancient and noble Native American tribe, but instead
derived its name from the fact that it was
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"a patchy"</SPAN
>
version of the original
<SPAN
CLASS="acronym"
>NCSA</SPAN
>
world-wide-web server.</P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="variablelist"
><P
><B
>Useful Directives when configuring Bugzilla</B
></P
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
><A
HREF="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#addhandler"
TARGET="_top"
>AddHandler</A
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Tell Apache that it's OK to run CGI scripts.</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
><A
HREF="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#allowoverride"
TARGET="_top"
>AllowOverride</A
></TT
>, <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
><A
HREF="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#options"
TARGET="_top"
>Options</A
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>These directives are used to tell Apache many things about
the directory they apply to. For Bugzilla's purposes, we need
them to allow script execution and <TT
CLASS="filename"
>.htaccess</TT
>
overrides.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
><A
HREF="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mod_dir.html#directoryindex"
TARGET="_top"
>DirectoryIndex</A
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Used to tell Apache what files are indexes. If you can
not add <TT
CLASS="filename"
>index.cgi</TT
> to the list of valid files,
you'll need to set <TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
>$index_html</TT
> to
1 in <TT
CLASS="filename"
>localconfig</TT
> so
<B
CLASS="command"
>./checksetup.pl</B
> will create an
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>index.html</TT
> that redirects to
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>index.cgi</TT
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="computeroutput"
><A
HREF="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#scriptinterpretersource"
TARGET="_top"
>ScriptInterpreterSource</A
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>Used when running Apache on windows so the shebang line
doesn't have to be changed in every Bugzilla script.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P
>For more information about how to configure Apache for Bugzilla,
see <A
HREF="#http-apache"
>Section 4.4.1</A
>.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="gloss-b"
></A
>B</H1
><DL
><DT
><B
>Bug</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>A
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"bug"</SPAN
>
in Bugzilla refers to an issue entered into the database which has an
associated number, assignments, comments, etc. Some also refer to a
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"tickets"</SPAN
>
or
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"issues"</SPAN
>;
in the context of Bugzilla, they are synonymous.</P
></DD
><DT
><B
>Bug Number</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Each Bugzilla bug is assigned a number that uniquely identifies
that bug. The bug associated with a bug number can be pulled up via a
query, or easily from the very front page by typing the number in the
"Find" box.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="gloss-bugzilla"
></A
><B
>Bugzilla</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Bugzilla is the world-leading free software bug tracking system.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="gloss-c"
></A
>C</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="gloss-cgi"
></A
><B
>Common Gateway Interface</B
></DT
> (CGI)<DD
><P
><SPAN
CLASS="acronym"
>CGI</SPAN
> is an acronym for Common Gateway Interface. This is
a standard for interfacing an external application with a web server. Bugzilla
is an example of a <SPAN
CLASS="acronym"
>CGI</SPAN
> application.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="gloss-component"
></A
><B
>Component</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>A Component is a subsection of a Product. It should be a narrow
category, tailored to your organization. All Products must contain at
least one Component (and, as a matter of fact, creating a Product
with no Components will create an error in Bugzilla).</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="gloss-cpan"
></A
><B
> <SPAN
CLASS="acronym"
>CPAN</SPAN
>
</B
></DT
><DD
><P
> <SPAN
CLASS="acronym"
>CPAN</SPAN
>
stands for the
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Comprehensive Perl Archive Network"</SPAN
>.
CPAN maintains a large number of extremely useful
<I
CLASS="glossterm"
>Perl</I
>
modules - encapsulated chunks of code for performing a
particular task.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="gloss-d"
></A
>D</H1
><DL
><DT
><B
>daemon</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>A daemon is a computer program which runs in the background. In
general, most daemons are started at boot time via System V init
scripts, or through RC scripts on BSD-based systems.
<I
CLASS="glossterm"
>mysqld</I
>,
the MySQL server, and
<I
CLASS="glossterm"
>apache</I
>,
a web server, are generally run as daemons.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="gloss-g"
></A
>G</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="gloss-groups"
></A
><B
>Groups</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>The word
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Groups"</SPAN
>
has a very special meaning to Bugzilla. Bugzilla's main security
mechanism comes by placing users in groups, and assigning those
groups certain privileges to view bugs in particular
<I
CLASS="glossterm"
>Products</I
>
in the
<I
CLASS="glossterm"
>Bugzilla</I
>
database.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="gloss-j"
></A
>J</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="gloss-javascript"
></A
><B
>JavaScript</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>JavaScript is cool, we should talk about it.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="gloss-m"
></A
>M</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="gloss-mta"
></A
><B
>Message Transport Agent</B
></DT
> (MTA)<DD
><P
>A Message Transport Agent is used to control the flow of email
on a system. Many unix based systems use
<A
HREF="http://www.sendmail.org"
TARGET="_top"
>sendmail</A
> which is what
Bugzilla expects to find by default at <TT
CLASS="filename"
>/usr/sbin/sendmail</TT
>.
Many other MTA's will work, but they all require that the
<TT
CLASS="option"
>sendmailnow</TT
> param be set to <TT
CLASS="literal"
>on</TT
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="gloss-mysql"
></A
><B
>MySQL</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>MySQL is currently the required
<A
HREF="#gloss-rdbms"
><I
CLASS="glossterm"
>RDBMS</I
></A
> for Bugzilla. MySQL
can be downloaded from <A
HREF="http://www.mysql.com"
TARGET="_top"
>http://www.mysql.com</A
>. While you
should familiarize yourself with all of the documentation, some high
points are:
</P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="variablelist"
><DL
><DT
><A
HREF="http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/Backup.html"
TARGET="_top"
>Backup</A
></DT
><DD
><P
>Methods for backing up your Bugzilla database.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
HREF="http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/Option_files.html"
TARGET="_top"
>Option Files</A
></DT
><DD
><P
>Information about how to configure MySQL using
<TT
CLASS="filename"
>my.cnf</TT
>.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
HREF="http://www.mysql.com/doc/en/Privilege_system.html"
TARGET="_top"
>Privilege System</A
></DT
><DD
><P
>Much more detailed information about the suggestions in
<A
HREF="#security-mysql"
>Section 5.6.2</A
>.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="gloss-p"
></A
>P</H1
><DL
><DT
><B
>Product</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>A Product is a broad category of types of bugs, normally
representing a single piece of software or entity. In general,
there are several Components to a Product. A Product may define a
group (used for security) for all bugs entered into
its Components.</P
></DD
><DT
><B
>Perl</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>First written by Larry Wall, Perl is a remarkable program
language. It has the benefits of the flexibility of an interpreted
scripting language (such as shell script), combined with the speed
and power of a compiled language, such as C.
<I
CLASS="glossterm"
>Bugzilla</I
>
is maintained in Perl.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="gloss-q"
></A
>Q</H1
><DL
><DT
><B
>QA</B
></DT
><DD
><P
> <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"QA"</SPAN
>,
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Q/A"</SPAN
>, and
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Q.A."</SPAN
>
are short for
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Quality Assurance"</SPAN
>.
In most large software development organizations, there is a team
devoted to ensuring the product meets minimum standards before
shipping. This team will also generally want to track the progress of
bugs over their life cycle, thus the need for the
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"QA Contact"</SPAN
>
field in a bug.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="gloss-r"
></A
>R</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="gloss-rdbms"
></A
><B
>Relational DataBase Managment System</B
></DT
> (RDBMS)<DD
><P
>A relational database management system is a database system
that stores information in tables that are related to each other.
</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="gloss-regexp"
></A
><B
>Regular Expression</B
></DT
> (regexp)<DD
><P
>A regular expression is an expression used for pattern matching.
<A
HREF="http://perldoc.com/perl5.6/pod/perlre.html#Regular-Expressions"
TARGET="_top"
>Documentation</A
>
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="gloss-s"
></A
>S</H1
><DL
><DT
><B
> <SPAN
CLASS="acronym"
>SGML</SPAN
>
</B
></DT
><DD
><P
> <SPAN
CLASS="acronym"
>SGML</SPAN
>
stands for
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"Standard Generalized Markup Language"</SPAN
>.
Created in the 1980's to provide an extensible means to maintain
documentation based upon content instead of presentation,
<SPAN
CLASS="acronym"
>SGML</SPAN
>
has withstood the test of time as a robust, powerful language.
<I
CLASS="glossterm"
> <SPAN
CLASS="acronym"
>XML</SPAN
>
</I
>
is the
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"baby brother"</SPAN
>
of SGML; any valid
<SPAN
CLASS="acronym"
>XML</SPAN
>
document it, by definition, a valid
<SPAN
CLASS="acronym"
>SGML</SPAN
>
document. The document you are reading is written and maintained in
<SPAN
CLASS="acronym"
>SGML</SPAN
>,
and is also valid
<SPAN
CLASS="acronym"
>XML</SPAN
>
if you modify the Document Type Definition.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="gloss-t"
></A
>T</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="gloss-target-milestone"
></A
><B
>Target Milestone</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>Target Milestones are Product goals. They are configurable on a
per-Product basis. Most software development houses have a concept of
<SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"milestones"</SPAN
>
where the people funding a project expect certain functionality on
certain dates. Bugzilla facilitates meeting these milestones by
giving you the ability to declare by which milestone a bug will be
fixed, or an enhancement will be implemented.</P
></DD
><DT
><A
NAME="gloss-tcl"
></A
><B
>Tool Command Language</B
></DT
> (TCL)<DD
><P
>TCL is an open source scripting language available for Windows,
Macintosh, and Unix based systems. Bugzilla 1.0 was written in TCL but
never released. The first release of Bugzilla was 2.0, which was when
it was ported to perl.
</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="glossdiv"
><H1
CLASS="glossdiv"
><A
NAME="gloss-z"
></A
>Z</H1
><DL
><DT
><A
NAME="gloss-zarro"
></A
><B
>Zarro Boogs Found</B
></DT
><DD
><P
>This is just a goofy way of saying that there were no bugs
found matching your query. When asked to explain this message,
Terry had the following to say:
</P
><A
NAME="AEN2521"
></A
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
WIDTH="100%"
CELLSPACING="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CLASS="BLOCKQUOTE"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
VALIGN="TOP"
> </TD
><TD
WIDTH="80%"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
>I've been asked to explain this ... way back when, when
Netscape released version 4.0 of its browser, we had a release
party. Naturally, there had been a big push to try and fix every
known bug before the release. Naturally, that hadn't actually
happened. (This is not unique to Netscape or to 4.0; the same thing
has happened with every software project I've ever seen.) Anyway,
at the release party, T-shirts were handed out that said something
like "Netscape 4.0: Zarro Boogs". Just like the software, the
T-shirt had no known bugs. Uh-huh.
</P
><P
>So, when you query for a list of bugs, and it gets no results,
you can think of this as a friendly reminder. Of *course* there are
bugs matching your query, they just aren't in the bugsystem yet...
</P
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
VALIGN="TOP"
> </TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
COLSPAN="2"
ALIGN="RIGHT"
VALIGN="TOP"
>--<SPAN
CLASS="attribution"
>Terry Weissman</SPAN
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
> </TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
></DIV
></BODY
></HTML
>
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