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|
<HTML
><HEAD
><TITLE
>Product, Component, Milestone, and Version
Administration</TITLE
><META
NAME="GENERATOR"
CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.61
"><LINK
REL="HOME"
TITLE="The Bugzilla Guide"
HREF="index.html"><LINK
REL="UP"
TITLE="Administering Bugzilla"
HREF="administration.html"><LINK
REL="PREVIOUS"
TITLE="User Administration"
HREF="useradmin.html"><LINK
REL="NEXT"
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HREF="security.html"></HEAD
><BODY
CLASS="SECTION"
BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
TEXT="#000000"
LINK="#0000FF"
VLINK="#840084"
ALINK="#0000FF"
><DIV
CLASS="NAVHEADER"
><TABLE
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
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CELLSPACING="0"
><TR
><TH
COLSPAN="3"
ALIGN="center"
>The Bugzilla Guide</TH
></TR
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
ALIGN="left"
VALIGN="bottom"
><A
HREF="useradmin.html"
>Prev</A
></TD
><TD
WIDTH="80%"
ALIGN="center"
VALIGN="bottom"
>Chapter 4. Administering Bugzilla</TD
><TD
WIDTH="10%"
ALIGN="right"
VALIGN="bottom"
><A
HREF="security.html"
>Next</A
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><HR
ALIGN="LEFT"
WIDTH="100%"></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H1
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="PROGRAMADMIN"
>4.3. Product, Component, Milestone, and Version
Administration</A
></H1
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
WIDTH="100%"
CELLSPACING="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
CLASS="EPIGRAPH"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="45%"
> </TD
><TD
WIDTH="45%"
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><I
><P
><I
>Dear Lord, we have to get our users to do WHAT?</I
></P
></I
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H2
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="PRODUCTS"
>4.3.1. Products</A
></H2
><FONT
COLOR="RED"
>Formerly, and in some spots still, called
"Programs"</FONT
><P
> <A
HREF="glossary.html#GLOSS_PRODUCT"
><I
CLASS="GLOSSTERM"
>Products</I
></A
> are
the broadest category in Bugzilla, and you should have the
least of these. If your company makes computer games, you
should have one product per game, and possibly a few special
products (website, meetings...)
</P
><P
> A Product (formerly called "Program", and still referred to
that way in some portions of the source code) controls some
very important functions. The number of "votes" available for
users to vote for the most important bugs is set per-product,
as is the number of votes required to move a bug automatically
from the UNCONFIRMED status to the NEW status. One can close
a Product for further bug entry and define various Versions
available from the Edit product screen.
</P
><P
>To create a new product:</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> Select "components" from the yellow footer
</P
><DIV
CLASS="TIP"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="TIP"
WIDTH="90%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> It may seem counterintuitive to click "components" when
you want to edit the properties associated with
Products. This is one of a long list of things we want
in Bugzilla 3.0...
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></LI
><LI
><P
> Select the "Add" link to the right of "Add a new product".
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Enter the name of the product and a description. The
Description field is free-form.
</P
></LI
></OL
><DIV
CLASS="TIP"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="TIP"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> Don't worry about the "Closed for bug entry", "Maximum Votes
per person", "Maximum votes a person can put on a single
bug", "Number of votes a bug in this Product needs to
automatically get out of the UNCOMFIRMED state", and
"Version" options yet. We'll cover those in a few moments.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H2
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="COMPONENTS"
>4.3.2. Components</A
></H2
><P
> Components are subsections of a Product.
<DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN1413"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 4-1. Creating some Components</B
></P
><DIV
CLASS="INFORMALEXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN1415"
></A
><P
></P
><P
> The computer game you are designing may have a "UI"
component, an "API" component, a "Sound System"
component, and a "Plugins" component, each overseen by
a different programmer. It often makes sense to divide
Components in Bugzilla according to the natural
divisions of responsibility within your Product or
company.
</P
><P
></P
></DIV
></DIV
> Each component has a owner and (if you turned it on
in the parameters), a QA Contact. The owner should be the
primary person who fixes bugs in that component. The QA
Contact should be the person who will ensure these bugs are
completely fixed. The Owner, QA Contact, and Reporter will get
email when new bugs are created in this Component and when
these bugs change. Default Owner and Default QA Contact fields
only dictate the <EM
>default assignments</EM
>; the
Owner and QA Contact fields in a bug are otherwise unrelated
to the Component.
</P
><P
> To create a new Component:
</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> Select the "Edit components" link from the "Edit product"
page
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Select the "Add" link to the right of the "Add a new
component" text on the "Select Component" page.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Fill out the "Component" field, a short "Description", and
the "Initial Owner". The Component and Description fields
are free-form; the "Initial Owner" field must be that of a
user ID already existing in the database. If the initial
owner does not exist, Bugzilla will refuse to create the
component.
<DIV
CLASS="TIP"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="TIP"
WIDTH="90%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> Is your "Default Owner" a user who is not yet in the
database? No problem.
<P
></P
><OL
TYPE="a"
><LI
><P
> Select the "Log out" link on the footer of the
page.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Select the "New Account" link on the footer of
the "Relogin" page
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Type in the email address of the default owner
you want to create in the "E-mail address"
field, and her full name in the "Real name"
field, then select the "Submit Query" button.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Now select "Log in" again, type in your login
information, and you can modify the product to
use the Default Owner information you require.
</P
></LI
></OL
>
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Either Edit more components or return to the Bugzilla
Query Page. To return to the Product you were editing, you
must select the Components link as before.
</P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H2
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="VERSIONS"
>4.3.3. Versions</A
></H2
><P
> Versions are the revisions of the product, such as "Flinders
3.1", "Flinders 95", and "Flinders 2000". Using Versions
helps you isolate code changes and are an aid in reporting.
<DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN1442"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 4-2. Common Use of Versions</B
></P
><DIV
CLASS="INFORMALEXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN1444"
></A
><P
></P
><P
> A user reports a bug against Version "Beta 2.0" of your
product. The current Version of your software is
"Release Candidate 1", and no longer has the bug. This
will help you triage and classify bugs according to
their relevance. It is also possible people may report
bugs against bleeding-edge beta versions that are not
evident in older versions of the software. This can
help isolate code changes that caused the bug
</P
><P
></P
></DIV
></DIV
>
<DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN1446"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 4-3. A Different Use of Versions</B
></P
><DIV
CLASS="INFORMALEXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN1448"
></A
><P
></P
><P
> This field has been used to good effect by an online
service provider in a slightly different way. They had
three versions of the product: "Production", "QA", and
"Dev". Although it may be the same product, a bug in
the development environment is not normally as critical
as a Production bug, nor does it need to be reported
publicly. When used in conjunction with Target
Milestones, one can easily specify the environment where
a bug can be reproduced, and the Milestone by which it
will be fixed.
</P
><P
></P
></DIV
></DIV
>
</P
><P
> To create and edit Versions:
</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> From the "Edit product" screen, select "Edit Versions"
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> You will notice that the product already has the default
version "undefined". If your product doesn't use version
numbers, you may want to leave this as it is or edit it so
that it is "---". You can then go back to the edit
versions page and add new versions to your product.
</P
><P
> Otherwise, click the "Add" button to the right of the "Add
a new version" text.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Enter the name of the Version. This can be free-form
characters up to the limit of the text box. Then select
the "Add" button.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> At this point you can select "Edit" to edit more Versions,
or return to the "Query" page, from which you can navigate
back to the product through the "components" link at the
foot of the Query page.
</P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H2
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="MILESTONES"
>4.3.4. Milestones</A
></H2
><P
> Milestones are "targets" that you plan to get a bug fixed by.
For example, you have a bug that you plan to fix for your 3.0
release, it would be assigned the milestone of 3.0. Or, you
have a bug that you plan to fix for 2.8, this would have a
milestone of 2.8.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="NOTE"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> Milestone options will only appear for a Product if you
turned the "usetargetmilestone" field in the "Edit
Parameters" screen "On".
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> To create new Milestones, set Default Milestones, and set
Milestone URL:
</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> Select "edit milestones"
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Select "Add" to the right of the "Add a new milestone"
text
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Enter the name of the Milestone in the "Milestone" field.
You can optionally set the "Sortkey", which is a positive
or negative number (-255 to 255) that defines where in the
list this particular milestone appears. Select "Add".
</P
><DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN1474"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 4-4. Using SortKey with Target Milestone</B
></P
><DIV
CLASS="INFORMALEXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN1476"
></A
><P
></P
><P
> Let's say you create a target milestone called
"Release 1.0", with Sortkey set to "0". Later, you
realize that you will have a public beta, called
"Beta1". You can create a Milestone called "Beta1",
with a Sortkey of "-1" in order to ensure people will
see the Target Milestone of "Beta1" earlier on the
list than "Release 1.0"
</P
><P
></P
></DIV
></DIV
></LI
><LI
><P
> If you want to add more milestones, select the "Edit"
link. If you don't, well shoot, you have to go back to the
"query" page and select "components" again, and make your
way back to the Product you were editing.
<DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="NOTE"
WIDTH="90%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> This is another in the list of unusual user interface
decisions that we'd like to get cleaned up. Shouldn't
there be a link to the effect of "edit the Product I
was editing when I ended up here"? In any case,
clicking "components" in the footer takes you back to
the "Select product" screen, from which you can begin
editing your product again.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> From the Edit product screen again (once you've made your
way back), enter the URL for a description of what your
milestones are for this product in the "Milestone URL"
field. It should be of the format
"http://www.foo.com/bugzilla/product_milestones.html"
</P
><P
> Some common uses of this field include product
descriptions, product roadmaps, and of course a simple
description of the meaning of each milestone.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> If you're using Target Milestones, the "Default Milestone"
field must have some kind of entry. If you really don't
care if people set coherent Target Milestones, simply
leave this at the default, "---". However, controlling
and regularly updating the Default Milestone field is a
powerful tool when reporting the status of projects.
</P
><P
>Select the "Update" button when you are done.</P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H2
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="VOTING"
>4.3.5. Voting</A
></H2
><P
> The concept of "voting" is a poorly understood, yet powerful
feature for the management of open-source projects. Each user
is assigned so many Votes per product, which they can freely
reassign (or assign multiple votes to a single bug). This
allows developers to gauge user need for a particular
enhancement or bugfix. By allowing bugs with a certain number
of votes to automatically move from "UNCONFIRMED" to "NEW",
users of the bug system can help high-priority bugs garner
attention so they don't sit for a long time awaiting triage.
</P
><P
> The daunting challenge of Votes is deciding where you draw the
line for a "vocal majority". If you only have a user base of
100 users, setting a low threshold for bugs to move from
UNCONFIRMED to NEW makes sense. As the Bugzilla user base
expands, however, these thresholds must be re-evaluated. You
should gauge whether this feature is worth the time and close
monitoring involved, and perhaps forego implementation until
you have a critical mass of users who demand it.
</P
><P
>To modify Voting settings:</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> Navigate to the "Edit product" screen for the Product you
wish to modify
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Set "Maximum Votes per person" to your calculated value.
Setting this field to "0" disables voting.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Set "Maximum Votes a person can put on a single bug" to
your calculated value. It should probably be some number
lower than the "Maximum votes per person". Setting this
field to "0" disables voting, but leaves the voting
options open to the user. This is confusing.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Set "Number of votes a bug in this product needs to
automatically get out of the UNCONFIRMED state" to your
calculated number. Setting this field to "0" disables
the automatic move of bugs from UNCONFIRMED to NEW. Some
people advocate leaving this at "0", but of what use are
Votes if your Bugzilla user base is unable to affect which
bugs appear on Development radar?
<DIV
CLASS="TIP"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="TIP"
WIDTH="90%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/tip.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Tip"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> You should probably set this number to higher than a
small coalition of Bugzilla users can influence it.
Most sites use this as a "referendum" mechanism -- if
users are able to vote a bug out of UNCONFIRMED, it is
a <EM
>really</EM
> bad bug!
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
>
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Once you have adjusted the values to your preference,
select the "Update" button.
</P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H2
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="GROUPS"
>4.3.6. Groups and Group Security</A
></H2
><P
> Groups can be very useful in bugzilla, because they allow
users to isolate bugs or products that should only be seen by
certain people. Groups can also be a complicated minefield of
interdependencies and weirdness if mismanaged.
<DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN1510"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 4-5. When to Use Group Security</B
></P
><DIV
CLASS="INFORMALEXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN1512"
></A
><P
></P
><P
> Many Bugzilla sites isolate "Security-related" bugs from
all other bugs. This way, they can have a fix ready
before the security vulnerability is announced to the
world. You can create a "Security" product which, by
default, has no members, and only add members to the
group (in their individual User page, as described under
User Administration) who should have priveleged access
to "Security" bugs. Alternately, you may create a Group
independently of any Product, and change the Group mask
on individual bugs to restrict access to members only of
certain Groups.
</P
><P
></P
></DIV
></DIV
> Groups only work if you enable the "usebuggroups"
paramater. In addition, if the "usebuggroupsentry" parameter
is "On", one can restrict access to products by groups, so
that only members of a product group are able to view bugs
within that product. Group security in Bugzilla can be divided
into two categories: Generic and Product-Based.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="NOTE"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/note.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Note"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> Groups in Bugzilla are a complicated beast that evolved out
of very simple user permission bitmasks, apparently itself
derived from common concepts in UNIX access controls. A
"bitmask" is a fixed-length number whose value can describe
one, and only one, set of states. For instance, UNIX file
permissions are assigned bitmask values: "execute" has a
value of 1, "write" has a value of 2, and "read" has a
value of 4. Add them together, and a file can be read,
written to, and executed if it has a bitmask of "7". (This
is a simplified example -- anybody who knows UNIX security
knows there is much more to it than this. Please bear with
me for the purpose of this note.) The only way a bitmask
scheme can work is by doubling the bit count for each value.
Thus if UNIX wanted to offer another file permission, the
next would have to be a value of 8, then the next 16, the
next 32, etc.
</P
><P
> Similarly, Bugzilla offers a bitmask to define group
permissions, with an internal limit of 64. Several are
already occupied by built-in permissions. The way around
this limitation is to avoid assigning groups to products if
you have many products, avoid bloating of group lists, and
religiously prune irrelevant groups. In reality, most
installations of Bugzilla support far fewer than 64 groups,
so this limitation has not hit for most sites, but it is on
the table to be revised for Bugzilla 3.0 because it
interferes with the security schemes of some administrators.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
> To enable Generic Group Security ("usebuggroups"):
</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> Turn "On" "usebuggroups" in the "Edit Parameters" screen.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> You will generally have no groups set up. Select the
"groups" link in the footer.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Take a moment to understand the instructions on the "Edit
Groups" screen. Once you feel confident you understand
what is expected of you, select the "Add Group" link.
</P
></LI
><LI
><P
> Fill out the "New Name" (remember, no spaces!), "New
Description", and "New User RegExp" fields. "New User
RegExp" allows you to automatically place all users who
fulfill the Regular Expression into the new group.
<DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN1527"
></A
><P
><B
>Example 4-6. Creating a New Group</B
></P
><DIV
CLASS="INFORMALEXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN1529"
></A
><P
></P
><P
> I created a group called DefaultGroup with a
description of <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"This is simply a group to play
with"</SPAN
>, and a New User RegExp of <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>".*@mydomain.tld"</SPAN
>.
This new group automatically includes all Bugzilla
users with "@mydomain.tld" at the end of their user id.
When I finished, my new group was assigned bit #128.
</P
><P
></P
></DIV
></DIV
> When you have finished, select the Add
button.
</P
></LI
></OL
><P
> To enable Product-Based Group Security (usebuggroupsentry):
</P
><DIV
CLASS="WARNING"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="WARNING"
WIDTH="100%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/warning.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Warning"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> Don't forget that you only have 64 groups masks available,
total, for your installation of Bugzilla! If you plan on
having more than 50 products in your individual Bugzilla
installation, and require group security for your products,
you should consider either running multiple Bugzillas or
using Generic Group Security instead of Product-Based
("usebuggroupsentry") Group Security.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
> Turn "On" "usebuggroups" and "usebuggroupsentry" in the
"Edit Parameters" screen.
</P
><DIV
CLASS="WARNING"
><P
></P
><TABLE
CLASS="WARNING"
WIDTH="90%"
BORDER="0"
><TR
><TD
WIDTH="25"
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
><IMG
SRC="../images/warning.gif"
HSPACE="5"
ALT="Warning"></TD
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
><P
> "usebuggroupsentry" has the capacity to prevent the
administrative user from directly altering bugs because
of conflicting group permissions. If you plan on using
"usebuggroupsentry", you should plan on restricting
administrative account usage to administrative duties
only. In other words, manage bugs with an unpriveleged
user account, and manage users, groups, Products, etc.
with the administrative account.
</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></LI
><LI
><P
> You will generally have no Groups set up, unless you
enabled "usebuggroupsentry" prior to creating any
Products. To create "Generic Group Security" groups,
follow the instructions given above. To create
Product-Based Group security, simply follow the
instructions for creating a new Product. If you need to
add users to these new groups as you create them, you will
find the option to add them to the group available under
the "Edit User" screens.
</P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
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