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<appendix id="faq">
  <title>The Bugzilla FAQ</title>

  <para>
    This FAQ includes questions not covered elsewhere in the Guide.
  </para>
  
  <qandaset>


    <qandadiv id="faq-general">
      <title>General Questions</title>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-general-tryout">
          <para>
            Can I try out Bugzilla somewhere?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            If you want to take a test ride, there are test installations
            at <ulink url="http://landfill.bugzilla.org/"/>,
            ready to play with directly from your browser.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-general-license">
          <para>
            What license is Bugzilla distributed under?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Bugzilla is covered by the Mozilla Public License.
            See details at <ulink url="http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/"/>.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-general-support">
          <para>
            How do I get commercial support for Bugzilla?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            <ulink url="http://www.bugzilla.org/support/consulting.html"/>
            is a list of companies and individuals who have asked us to
            list them as consultants for Bugzilla.
          </para>
          <para>
            There are several experienced
            Bugzilla hackers on the mailing list/newsgroup who are willing
            to make themselves available for generous compensation.
            Try sending a message to the mailing list asking for a volunteer.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-general-companies">
          <para>
            What major companies or projects are currently using Bugzilla
            for bug-tracking?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            There are <emphasis>dozens</emphasis> of major companies with public
            Bugzilla sites to track bugs in their products. We have a fairly
            complete list available on our website at
            <ulink url="http://bugzilla.org/installation-list/"/>. If you
            have an installation of Bugzilla and would like to be added to the
            list, whether it's a public install or not, simply e-mail
            Gerv <email>gerv@mozilla.org</email>.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-general-maintainers">
          <para>
            Who maintains Bugzilla?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            A <ulink url="http://www.bugzilla.org/developers/profiles.html">core
            team</ulink>, led by Dave Miller (justdave@bugzilla.org).
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-general-compare">
          <para>
            How does Bugzilla stack up against other bug-tracking databases?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            We can't find any head-to-head comparisons of Bugzilla against
            other defect-tracking software. If you know of one, please get
            in touch. In the experience of Matthew Barnson (the original
            author of this FAQ), though, Bugzilla offers superior
            performance on commodity hardware, better price (free!), more
            developer-friendly features (such as stored queries, email
            integration, and platform independence), improved scalability,
            greater flexibility, and superior ease-of-use when compared
            to commercial bug-tracking software.
          </para>
          <para>
            If you happen to be a vendor for commercial bug-tracking
            software, and would like to submit a list of advantages your
            product has over Bugzilla, simply send it to 
            <email>documentation@bugzilla.org</email> and we'd be happy to
            include the comparison in our documentation.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-general-bzmissing">
          <para>
            Why doesn't Bugzilla offer this or that feature or compatibility
            with this other tracking software?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            It may be that the support has not been built yet, or that you
            have not yet found it. While Bugzilla makes strides in usability,
            customizability, scalability, and user interface with each release,
            that doesn't mean it can't still use improvement!
          </para>
          <para>
            The best way to make an enhancement request is to <ulink 
            url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=Bugzilla">file
            a bug at bugzilla.mozilla.org</ulink> and set the Severity
            to 'enhancement'. Your 'request for enhancement' (RFE) will
            start out in the UNCONFIRMED state, and will stay there until
            someone with the ability to CONFIRM the bug reviews it.
            If that person feels it to be a good request that fits in with
            Bugzilla's overall direction, the status will be changed to
            NEW; if not, they will probably explain why and set the bug
            to RESOLVED/WONTFIX. If someone else has made the same (or
            almost the same) request before, your request will be marked
            RESOLVED/DUPLICATE, and a pointer to the previous RFE will be
            added.
          </para>
          <para>
            Even if your RFE gets approved, that doesn't mean it's going
            to make it right into the next release; there are a limited
            number of developers, and a whole lot of RFEs... some of
            which are <emphasis>quite</emphasis> complex. If you're a
            code-hacking sort of person, you can help the project along
            by making a patch yourself that supports the functionality
            you require. If you have never contributed anything to
            Bugzilla before, please be sure to read the 
            <ulink url="http://www.bugzilla.org/docs/developer.html">Developers' Guide</ulink>
            and
            <ulink url="http://www.bugzilla.org/docs/contributor.html">Contributors' Guide</ulink>
            before going ahead.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-general-db">
          <para>
            What databases does Bugzilla run on?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            MySQL is the default database for Bugzilla. It was originally chosen 
            because it is free, easy to install, and was available for the hardware 
            Netscape intended to run it on.
          </para>
          <para>
            As of Bugzilla 2.22, complete support for PostgreSQL 
            is included. With this release using PostgreSQL with Bugzilla 
            should be as stable as using MySQL. If you experience any problems
            with PostgreSQL compatibility, they will be taken as
            seriously as if you were running MySQL.
          </para>
          <para>
            There are plans to include an Oracle driver for Bugzilla 3.1.2. 
            Track progress at
            <ulink url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=189947">
            Bug 189947</ulink>.
          </para>
          <para>
            Sybase support was worked on for a time. However, several 
            complicating factors have prevented Sybase support from 
            being realized. There are currently no plans to revive it.
          </para>
          <para>
            <ulink url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=237862">
            Bug 237862</ulink> is a good bug to read through if you'd
            like to see what progress is being made on general database
            compatibility.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-general-perlpath">
          <para>
            My perl is located at <filename>/usr/local/bin/perl</filename>
            and not <filename>/usr/bin/perl</filename>. Is there an easy
            to change that in all the files that have this hard-coded?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            The easiest way to get around this is to create a link from
            one to the other:
            <command>ln -s /usr/local/bin/perl /usr/bin/perl</command>.
            If that's not an option for you, the following bit of perl
            magic will change all the shebang lines (that is to say,
            the line at the top of each file that starts with '#!' 
            and contains the path) to something else:
          </para>
          <programlisting>
perl -pi -e 's@#\!/usr/bin/perl@#\!/usr/local/bin/perl@' *cgi *pl
          </programlisting>
          <para>
            Sadly, this command-line won't work on Windows unless you
            also have Cygwin. However, MySQL comes with a binary called
            <command>replace</command> which can do the job:
          </para>
          <programlisting>
C:\mysql\bin\replace "#!/usr/bin/perl" "#!C:\perl\bin\perl" -- *.cgi *.pl
          </programlisting>
          <note>
            <para>
              If your perl path is something else again, just follow the
              above examples and replace
              <filename>/usr/local/bin/perl</filename> with your own perl path.
            </para>            
          </note>
          <para>
            Once you've modified all your files, you'll also need to modify the
            <filename>t/002goodperl.t</filename> test, as it tests that all
            shebang lines are equal to <filename>/usr/bin/perl</filename>.
            (For more information on the test suite, please check out the 
            appropriate section in the <ulink
            url="http://www.bugzilla.org/docs/developer.html#testsuite">Developers'
            Guide</ulink>.) Having done this, run the test itself:
            <programlisting>
            perl runtests.pl 2 --verbose
            </programlisting>
            to ensure that you've modified all the relevant files.
          </para>
          <para>
            If using Apache on Windows, you can avoid the whole problem
            by setting the <ulink
            url="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#scriptinterpretersource">
            ScriptInterpreterSource</ulink> directive to 'Registry'.
            (If using Apache 2 or higher, set it to 'Registry-Strict'.)
            ScriptInterperterSource requires a registry entry
            <quote>HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.cgi\Shell\ExecCGI\Command</quote> to
            associate .cgi files with your perl executable. If one does
            not already exist, create it with a default value of
           <quote>&lt;full path to perl&gt; -T</quote>, e.g.
           <quote>C:\Perl\bin\perl.exe -T</quote>.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-general-cookie">
          <para>
            Is there an easy way to change the Bugzilla cookie name?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            At present, no.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-general-selinux">
          <para>
            How can Bugzilla be made to work under SELinux?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            As a web application, Bugzilla simply requires its root
            directory to have the httpd context applied for it to work
            properly under SELinux. This should happen automatically
            on distributions that use SELinux and that package Bugzilla
            (if it is installed with the native package management tools).
            Information on how to view and change SELinux file contexts
            can be found at the 
            <ulink url="http://docs.fedoraproject.org/selinux-faq-fc5/">
            SELinux FAQ</ulink>.

          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

    </qandadiv>

    <qandadiv id="faq-phb">
      <title>Managerial Questions</title>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-phb-client">
          <para>
            Is Bugzilla web-based, or do you have to have specific software or
            a specific operating system on your machine?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            It is web and e-mail based.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-phb-priorities">
          <para>
            Does Bugzilla allow us to define our own priorities and levels?
            Do we have complete freedom to change the labels of fields and
            format of them, and the choice of acceptable values?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Yes. However, modifying some fields, notably those related to bug
            progression states, also require adjusting the program logic to
            compensate for the change.
          </para>
          <para>
            As of Bugzilla 3.0 custom fields can be created via the
            "Custom Fields" admin page.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-phb-reporting">
          <para>
            Does Bugzilla provide any reporting features, metrics, graphs,
            etc? You know, the type of stuff that management likes to see. :)
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Yes. Look at <ulink url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/report.cgi"/>
            for samples of what Bugzilla can do in reporting and graphing.
            Fuller documentation is provided in <xref linkend="reporting"/>.
          </para>
          <para>
            If you can not get the reports you want from the included reporting
            scripts, it is possible to hook up a professional reporting package
            such as Crystal Reports using ODBC. If you choose to do this,
            beware that giving direct access to the database does contain some
            security implications. Even if you give read-only access to the
            bugs database it will bypass the secure bugs features of Bugzilla.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-phb-email">
          <para>
            Is there email notification? If so, what do you see
            when you get an email?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Email notification is user-configurable. By default, the bug id
            and summary of the bug report accompany each email notification,
            along with a list of the changes made.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-phb-emailapp">
          <para>
            Do users have to have any particular type of email application?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Bugzilla email is sent in plain text, the most compatible
            mail format on the planet.
            <note>
              <para>
                If you decide to use the bugzilla_email integration features
                to allow Bugzilla to record responses to mail with the
                associated bug, you may need to caution your users to set
                their mailer to <quote>respond to messages in the format in
                which they were sent</quote>. For security reasons Bugzilla
                ignores HTML tags in comments, and if a user sends HTML-based
                email into Bugzilla the resulting comment looks downright awful.
              </para>
            </note>
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-phb-data">
          <para>
            Does Bugzilla allow data to be imported and exported? If I had
            outsiders write up a bug report using a MS Word bug template,
            could that template be imported into <quote>matching</quote>
            fields? If I wanted to take the results of a query and export
            that data to MS Excel, could I do that?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Bugzilla can output buglists as HTML (the default), CSV or RDF.
            The link for CSV can be found at the bottom of the buglist in HTML
            format. This CSV format can easily be imported into MS Excel or
            other spreadsheet applications.
          </para>
          <para>
            To use the RDF format of the buglist it is necessary to append a
            <computeroutput>&amp;ctype=rdf</computeroutput> to the URL. RDF
            is meant to be machine readable and thus it is assumed that the
            URL would be generated programmatically so there is no user visible
            link to this format.
          </para>
          <para>
            Currently the only script included with Bugzilla that can import
            data is <filename>importxml.pl</filename> which is intended to be
            used for importing the data generated by the XML ctype of
            <filename>show_bug.cgi</filename> in association with bug moving.
            Any other use is left as an exercise for the user.
          </para>
          <para>
            There are also scripts included in the <filename>contrib/</filename>
            directory for using e-mail to import information into Bugzilla,
            but these scripts are not currently supported and included for
            educational purposes.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-phb-l10n">
          <para>
            Has anyone converted Bugzilla to another language to be
            used in other countries? Is it localizable?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Yes. For more information including available translated templates,
            see <ulink
            url="http://www.bugzilla.org/download.html#localizations"/>.
            Some admin interfaces have been templatized (for easy localization)
            but many of them are still available in English only. Also, there
            may be issues with the charset not being declared. See <ulink
            url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=126266">bug 126226</ulink>
            for more information.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-phb-reports">
          <para>
            Can a user create and save reports?
            Can they do this in Word format? Excel format?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Yes. No. Yes (using the CSV format).
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-phb-backup">
          <para>
            Are there any backup features provided?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            You should use the backup options supplied by your database platform.  
            Vendor documentation for backing up a MySQL database can be found at 
            <ulink url="http://www.mysql.com/doc/B/a/Backup.html"/>. 
            PostgreSQL backup documentation can be found at
            <ulink url="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.0/static/backup.html"/>.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-phb-maintenance">
          <para>
            What type of human resources are needed to be on staff to install
            and maintain Bugzilla? Specifically, what type of skills does the
            person need to have? I need to find out what types of individuals
            would we need to hire and how much would that cost if we were to
            go with Bugzilla vs. buying an <quote>out-of-the-box</quote>
            solution.
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            If Bugzilla is set up correctly from the start, continuing
            maintenance needs are minimal and can be done easily using
            the web interface.
          </para>
          <para>
            Commercial Bug-tracking software typically costs somewhere
            upwards of $20,000 or more for 5-10 floating licenses. Bugzilla
            consultation is available from skilled members of the newsgroup.
            Simple questions are answered there and then.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-phb-installtime">
          <para>
            What time frame are we looking at if we decide to hire people
            to install and maintain the Bugzilla? Is this something that
            takes hours or days to install and a couple of hours per week
            to maintain and customize, or is this a multi-week install process,
            plus a full time job for 1 person, 2 people, etc?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            It all depends on your level of commitment. Someone with much
            Bugzilla experience can get you up and running in less than a day,
            and your Bugzilla install can run untended for years. If your
            Bugzilla strategy is critical to your business workflow, hire
            somebody to who has reasonable Perl skills, and a familiarity
            with the operating system on which Bugzilla will be running,
            and have them handle your process management, bug-tracking
            maintenance, and local customization.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-phb-cost">
          <para>
            Is there any licensing fee or other fees for using Bugzilla? Any
            out-of-pocket cost other than the bodies needed as identified above?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            No. Bugzilla, Perl, the Template Toolkit, and all other support
            software needed to make Bugzilla work can be downloaded for free.
            MySQL and PostgreSQL -- the databases supported by Bugzilla -- 
            are also open-source. MySQL asks that if you find their product 
            valuable, you purchase a support contract from them that suits your needs.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-phb-renameBugs">
          <para>
            We don't like referring to problems as 'bugs'. Can we change that?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Yes! As of Bugzilla 2.18, it is a simple matter to change the
            word 'bug' into whatever word/phrase is used by your organization.
            See the documentation on Customization for more details,
            specifically <xref linkend="template-specific"/>.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

    </qandadiv>

    <qandadiv id="faq-admin">
      <title>Administrative Questions</title>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-admin-midair">
          <para>
            Does Bugzilla provide record locking when there is simultaneous
            access to the same bug? Does the second person get a notice
            that the bug is in use or how are they notified?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Bugzilla does not lock records. It provides mid-air collision
            detection -- which means that it warns a user when a commit is
            about to conflict with commits recently made by another user,
            and offers the second user a choice of options to deal with
            the conflict.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-admin-livebackup">
          <para>
            Can users be on the system while a backup is in progress?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Refer to your database platform documentation for details on how to do hot
            backups.  
            Vendor documentation for backing up a MySQL database can be found at 
            <ulink url="http://www.mysql.com/doc/B/a/Backup.html"/>. 
            PostgreSQL backup documentation can be found at
            <ulink url="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.0/static/backup.html"/>.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-admin-cvsupdate">
          <para>
            How can I update the code and the database using CVS?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            <orderedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  Make a backup of both your Bugzilla directory and the
                  database. For the Bugzilla directory this is as easy as
                  doing <command>cp -rp bugzilla bugzilla.bak</command>.
                  For the database, there's a number of options - see the
                  MySQL docs and pick the one that fits you best (the easiest
                  is to just make a physical copy of the database on the disk,
                  but you have to have the database server shut down to do
                  that without risking dataloss).
                </para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>
                  Make the Bugzilla directory your current directory.
                </para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>
                  Use <command>cvs -q update -AdP</command> if you want to
                  update to the tip or
                  <command>cvs -q update -dP -rTAGNAME</command>
                  if you want a specific version (in that case you'll have to
                  replace TAGNAME with a CVS tag name such as BUGZILLA-2_16_5).
                </para>

                <para>
                  If you've made no local changes, this should be very clean.
                  If you have made local changes, then watch the cvs output
                  for C results. If you get any lines that start with a C
                  it means there  were conflicts between your local changes
                  and what's in CVS. You'll need to fix those manually before
                  continuing.
                </para>
              </listitem>

              <listitem>
                <para>
                  After resolving any conflicts that the cvs update operation
                  generated, running <command>./checksetup.pl</command> will
                  take care of updating the database for you as well as any
                  other changes required for the new version to operate.
                </para>

                <warning>
                  <para>
                    Once you run checksetup.pl, the only way to go back is
                    to restore the database backups. You can't
                    <quote>downgrade</quote> the system cleanly under most
                    circumstances.
                  </para>
                </warning>
              </listitem>
            </orderedlist>
          </para>
          <para>
            See also the instructions in <xref linkend="upgrade-cvs"/>.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-admin-enable-unconfirmed">
          <para>
            How do I make it so that bugs can have an UNCONFIRMED status?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            To use the UNCONFIRMED status, you must have the 'usevotes'
            parameter set to <quote>On</quote>. You must then visit the
            <filename>editproducts.cgi</filename> page and set the <quote>
            Number of votes a bug in this product needs to automatically
            get out of the UNCONFIRMED state</quote> to be a non-zero number.
            (You will have to do this for each product that wants to use
            the UNCONFIRMED state.) If you do not actually want users to be
            able to vote for bugs entered against this product, leave the
            <quote>Maximum votes per person</quote> value at '0'.
          </para>            
          <para>
            There is work being done to decouple the UNCONFIRMED state from
            the 'usevotes' parameter for future versions of Bugzilla.
            Follow the discussion and progress at <ulink 
            url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=162060">bug
            162060</ulink>.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-admin-moving">
          <para>
            How do I move a Bugzilla installation from one machine to another?
          </para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>
            Reference your database vendor's documentation for information on 
            backing up and restoring your Bugzilla database on to a different server.
            Vendor documentation for backing up a MySQL database can be found at 
            <ulink url="http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqldump.html"/>.
            PostgreSQL backup documentation can be found at
            <ulink url="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.0/static/backup.html"/>.
          </para>

          <para>
            On your new machine, follow the instructions found in <xref 
            linkend="installing-bugzilla"/> as far as setting up the physical
            environment of the new machine with perl, webserver, modules, etc. 
            Having done that, you can either: copy your entire Bugzilla
            directory from the old machine to a new one (if you want to keep
            your existing code and modifications), or download a newer version
            (if you are planning to upgrade at the same time). Even if you are
            upgrading to clean code, you will still want to bring over the 
            <filename>localconfig</filename> file, and the 
            <filename class="directory">data</filename> directory from the
            old machine, as they contain configuration information that you 
            probably won't want to re-create.
          </para>

          <note>
            <para>
              If the hostname or port number of your database server changed
              as part of the move, you'll need to update the appropriate
              variables in localconfig before taking the next step.
            </para>
          </note>

          <para>
            Once you have your code in place, and your database has
            been restored from the backup you made in step 1, run
            <command>checksetup.pl</command>. This will upgrade your
            database (if necessary), rebuild your templates, etc.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-admin-makeadmin">
          <para>
            How do I make a new Bugzilla administrator?
            The previous administrator is gone...
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Run <command>checksetup.pl</command> with
            <option>--make-admin</option> option.
            Its usage is <option>--make-admin=user@example.org</option>.
            The user account must be exist in the Bugzilla database.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

    </qandadiv>

    <qandadiv id="faq-security">
      <title>Bugzilla Security</title>
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-security-mysql">
          <para>
            How do I completely disable MySQL security if it's giving
            me problems? (I've followed the instructions in the installation
            section of this guide...)
          </para>
        </question>

        <answer>
          <para>
            You can run MySQL like this: <command>mysqld --skip-grant-tables</command>.
            However, doing so disables all MySQL security. This is a bad idea.
            Please consult <xref linkend="security-mysql"/> of this guide
            and the MySQL documentation for better solutions.
            </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
      
      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-security-knownproblems">
          <para>
            Are there any security problems with Bugzilla?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            The Bugzilla code has undergone a reasonably complete security
            audit, and user-facing CGIs run under Perl's taint mode. However, 
            it is recommended that you closely examine permissions on your
            Bugzilla installation, and follow the recommended security
            guidelines found in The Bugzilla Guide.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandadiv>

    <qandadiv id="faq-email">
      <title>Bugzilla Email</title>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-email-nomail">
          <para>
            I have a user who doesn't want to receive any more email
            from Bugzilla. How do I stop it entirely for this user?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            The user can stop Bugzilla from sending any mail by unchecking
            all boxes on the 'Edit prefs' -> 'Email settings' page.
            (As of 2.18,this is made easier by the addition of a 'Disable
            All Mail' button.) Alternately, you can add their email address
            to the <filename>data/nomail</filename> file (one email address
            per line). This will override their personal preferences, and
            they will never be sent mail again.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-email-testing">
          <para>
            I'm evaluating/testing Bugzilla, and don't want it to send email
            to anyone but me. How do I do it?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            To disable email, set the
            <option>mail_delivery_method</option> parameter to
            <literal>none</literal> (2.20 and later), or
            <programlisting>$enableSendMail</programlisting> parameter to '0'
            in either <filename>BugMail.pm</filename> (2.18 and later) or 
            <filename>processmail</filename> (up to 2.16.x).
          </para>
          <note>
            <para>
              Up to 2.16.x, changing
              <programlisting>$enableSendMail</programlisting>
              will only affect bugmail; email related to password changes,
              email address changes, bug imports, flag changes, etc. will
              still be sent out. As of the final release of 2.18, however,
              the above step will disable <emphasis>all</emphasis> mail
              sent from Bugzilla for any purpose.
            </para>
          </note>
          <para>
            To have bugmail (and only bugmail) redirected to you instead of
            its intended recipients, leave
            <programlisting>$enableSendMail</programlisting> alone;
            instead, edit the <quote>newchangedmail</quote> parameter
            as follows:
          </para>
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Replace <quote>To:</quote> with <quote>X-Real-To:</quote>
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Replace <quote>Cc:</quote> with <quote>X-Real-CC:</quote>
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>
                Add a <quote>To: %lt;your_email_address&gt;</quote>
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-email-whine">
          <para>
            I want whineatnews.pl to whine at something other than new and
            reopened bugs. How do I do it?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            For older versions of Bugzilla, you may be able to apply 
            Klaas Freitag's patch for <quote>whineatassigned</quote>,
            which can be found in
            <ulink url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6679">bug
            6679</ulink>. Note that this patch was made in 2000, so it may take
            some work to apply cleanly to any releases of Bugzilla newer than
            that, but you can use it as a starting point.
          </para>

          <para>
            An updated (and much-expanded) version of this functionality is
            due to be released as part of Bugzilla 2.20; see 
            <ulink url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=185090">bug
            185090</ulink> for the discussion, and for more up-to-date patches
            if you just can't wait.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-email-in">
          <para>
            How do I set up the email interface to submit or change bugs via email?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Bugzilla 3.0 and later offers the ability submit or change
            bugs via email, using the <filename>email_in.pl</filename>
            script within the root directory of the Bugzilla installation.
            More information on the script can be found in
            <ulink url="api/email_in.html">docs/html/api/email_in.html</ulink>.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-email-sendmailnow">
          <para>
            Email takes FOREVER to reach me from Bugzilla -- it's
            extremely slow. What gives?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            If you are using <application>sendmail</application>, try
            enabling <option>sendmailnow</option> in
            <filename>editparams.cgi</filename>. For earlier versions of
            <application>sendmail</application>, one could achieve
            significant performance improvement in the UI (at the cost of
            delaying the sending of mail) by setting this parameter to
            <literal>off</literal>. Sites with
            <application>sendmail</application> version 8.12 (or higher)
            should leave this <literal>on</literal>, as they will not see
            any performance benefit.
          </para>
          <para>
            If you are using an alternate
            <glossterm linkend="gloss-mta">MTA</glossterm>, make sure the
            options given in <filename>Bugzilla/BugMail.pm</filename>
            and any other place where <application>sendmail</application>
            is called are correct for your MTA.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-email-nonreceived">
          <para>
             How come email from Bugzilla changes never reaches me?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Double-check that you have not turned off email in your user
            preferences. Confirm that Bugzilla is able to send email by
            visiting the <quote>Log In</quote> link of your Bugzilla
            installation and clicking the <quote>Submit Request</quote>
            button after entering your email address.
          </para>
          <para>
            If you never receive mail from Bugzilla, chances are you do
            not have sendmail in "/usr/lib/sendmail". Ensure sendmail
            lives in, or is symlinked to, "/usr/lib/sendmail".
          </para>
          <para>
            If you are using an MTA other than
            <application>sendmail</application> the
            <option>sendmailnow</option> param must be set to
            <literal>on</literal> or no mail will be sent.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandadiv>

    <qandadiv id="faq-db">
      <title>Bugzilla Database</title>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-db-corrupted">
          <para>
            I think my database might be corrupted, or contain
            invalid entries. What do I do?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Run the <quote>sanity check</quote> utility
            (<filename>sanitycheck.cgi</filename>) from your web browser
            to see! If it finishes without errors, you're
            <emphasis>probably</emphasis> OK. If it doesn't come back
            OK (i.e. any red letters), there are certain things
            Bugzilla can recover from and certain things it can't. If
            it can't auto-recover, I hope you're familiar with
            mysqladmin commands or have installed another way to
            manage your database. Sanity Check, although it is a good
            basic check on your database integrity, by no means is a
            substitute for competent database administration and
            avoiding deletion of data. It is not exhaustive, and was
            created to do a basic check for the most common problems
            in Bugzilla databases.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-db-manualedit">
          <para>
            I want to manually edit some entries in my database. How?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            There is no facility in Bugzilla itself to do this. It's also
            generally not a smart thing to do if you don't know exactly what
            you're doing. If you understand SQL, though, you can use the
            <command>mysql</command> or <command>psql</command> command line 
            utilities to manually insert, delete and modify table information. 
            There are also more intuitive GUI clients available for both MySQL 
            and PostgreSQL. For MySQL, we recommend
            <ulink url="http://www.phpmyadmin.net/">phpMyAdmin</ulink>.
          </para>

          <para>
            Remember, backups are your friend. Everyone makes mistakes, and
            it's nice to have a safety net in case you mess something up.
          </para>

        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-db-permissions">
          <para>
            I think I've set up MySQL permissions correctly, but Bugzilla still
            can't connect.
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Try running MySQL from its binary:
            <command>mysqld --skip-grant-tables</command>.
            This will allow you to completely rule out grant tables as the
            cause of your frustration. If this Bugzilla is able to connect
            at this point then you need to check that you have granted proper
            permission to the user password combo defined in
            <filename>localconfig</filename>.
          </para>
          <warning>
            <para>
              Running MySQL with this command line option is very insecure and
              should only be done when not connected to the external network
              as a troubleshooting step.  Please do not run your production
              database in this mode.
            </para>
          </warning>
          <para>
            You may also be suffering from a client version mismatch:
          </para>
          <para>
            MySQL 4.1 and up uses an authentication protocol based on
            a password hashing algorithm that is incompatible with that
            used by older clients. If you upgrade the server to 4.1,
            attempts to connect to it with an older client may fail
            with the following message:
          </para>
          <para>
            <screen><prompt>shell&gt;</prompt> mysql
            Client does not support authentication protocol requested
            by server; consider upgrading MySQL client
            </screen>
          </para>
          <para>
            To solve this problem, you should use one of the following
            approaches:
          </para>
          <para>
            <itemizedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  Upgrade all client programs to use a 4.1.1 or newer
                  client library.
                </para>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  When connecting to the server with a pre-4.1 client
                  program, use an account that still has a
                  pre-4.1-style password.
                </para>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  Reset the password to pre-4.1 style for each user
                  that needs to use a pre-4.1 client program.
                  This can be done using the SET PASSWORD statement
                  and the OLD_PASSWORD() function:
                  <screen>
                    <prompt>mysql&gt;</prompt> SET PASSWORD FOR
                    <prompt>    -&gt;</prompt> ' some_user '@' some_host ' = OLD_PASSWORD(' newpwd ');
                  </screen>
                </para>
              </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
            
          </para>


          <para>
          </para>

        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-db-synchronize">
          <para>
            How do I synchronize bug information among multiple
            different Bugzilla databases?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Well, you can synchronize or you can move bugs.
            Synchronization will only work one way -- you can create
            a read-only copy of the database at one site, and have it
            regularly updated at intervals from the main database.
          </para>
          <para>
            MySQL has some synchronization features built-in to the
            latest releases. It would be great if someone looked into
            the possibilities there and provided a report to the
            newsgroup on how to effectively synchronize two Bugzilla
            installations.
          </para>
          <para>
            If you simply need to transfer bugs from one Bugzilla to another,
            checkout the <quote>move.pl</quote> script in the Bugzilla
            distribution.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>
    </qandadiv>

    <qandadiv id="faq-nt">
      <title>Can Bugzilla run on a Windows server?</title>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-nt-easiest">
          <para>
            What is the easiest way to run Bugzilla on Win32 (Win98+/NT/2K)?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Making Bugzilla work easily with Windows
            was one of the major goals of the 2.18 milestone. If the
            necessary components are in place (perl, a webserver, an MTA, etc.)
            then installation of Bugzilla on a Windows box should be no more
            difficult than on any other platform. As with any installation,
            we recommend that you carefully and completely follow the
            installation instructions in <xref linkend="os-win32"/>.
          </para>
          <para>
            While doing so, don't forget to check out the very excellent guide
            to <ulink url="http://www.bugzilla.org/docs/win32install.html">
            Installing Bugzilla on Microsoft Windows</ulink> written by
            Byron Jones. Thanks, Byron!
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-nt-bundle">
          <para>
            Is there a "Bundle::Bugzilla" equivalent for Win32?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Not currently. Bundle::Bugzilla enormously simplifies Bugzilla
            installation on UNIX systems. If someone can volunteer to
            create a suitable PPM bundle for Win32, it would be appreciated.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-nt-mappings">
          <para>
            CGI's are failing with a <quote>something.cgi is not a valid
            Windows NT application</quote> error. Why?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Depending on what Web server you are using, you will have to
            configure the Web server to treat *.cgi files as CGI scripts.
            In IIS, you do this by adding *.cgi to the App Mappings with
            the &lt;path&gt;\perl.exe %s %s as the executable.
          </para>
          <para>
            Microsoft has some advice on this matter, as well:
            <blockquote>
              <para>
                <quote>Set application mappings. In the ISM, map the extension
                for the script file(s) to the executable for the script
                interpreter. For example, you might map the extension .py to
                Python.exe, the executable for the Python script interpreter.
                Note For the ActiveState Perl script interpreter, the extension
                '.pl' is associated with PerlIS.dll by default. If you want
                to change the association of .pl to perl.exe, you need to
                change the application mapping. In the mapping, you must add
                two percent (%) characters to the end of the pathname for
                perl.exe, as shown in this example: 
                <command>c:\perl\bin\perl.exe %s %s</command></quote>
              </para>
            </blockquote>
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-nt-dbi">
          <para>
            I'm having trouble with the perl modules for NT not being
            able to talk to the database.
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Your modules may be outdated or inaccurate. Try:
            <orderedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  Hitting <ulink url="http://www.activestate.com/ActivePerl"/>
                </para>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  Download ActivePerl
                </para>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  Go to your prompt
                </para>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  Type 'ppm'
                </para>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  <prompt>PPM></prompt> <command>install DBI DBD-mysql GD</command>
                </para>
              </listitem>
            </orderedlist>
            I reckon TimeDate comes with the activeperl.
            You can check the ActiveState site for packages for installation
            through PPM. <ulink url="http://www.activestate.com/Packages/"/>.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

    </qandadiv>

    <qandadiv id="faq-use">
      <title>Bugzilla Usage</title>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-use-changeaddress">
          <para>
            How do I change my user name (email address) in Bugzilla?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            You can change your email address from the Name and Password
            section in Preferences. You will be emailed at both the old 
            and new addresses for confirmation. 'Administrative Policies' 
            must have the 'allowemailchange' parameter set to <quote>On</quote>.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-use-query">
          <para>
            The query page is very confusing.
            Isn't there a simpler way to query?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            The interface was simplified by a UI designer for 2.16. Further
            suggestions for improvement are welcome, but we won't sacrifice
            power for simplicity.
          </para>
          <para>
            As of 2.18, there is also a 'simpler' search available. At the top
            of the search page are two links; <quote>Advanced Search</quote>
            will take you to the familiar full-power/full-complexity search
            page. The <quote>Find a Specific Bug</quote> link will take you
            to a much-simplified page where you can pick a product and
            status (open,closed, or both), then enter words that appear in
            the bug you want to find. This search will scour the 'Summary'
            and 'Comment' fields, and return a list of bugs sorted so that
            the bugs with the most hits/matches are nearer to the top.
          </para>
          <note>
            <para>
              Matches in the Summary will 'trump' matches in comments,
              and bugs with summary-matches will be placed higher in
              the buglist --  even if a lower-ranked bug has more matches
              in the comments section.
            </para>
          </note>
          <para>
            Bugzilla uses a cookie to remember which version of the page
            you visited last, and brings that page up when you next do a
            search. The default page for new users (or after an upgrade)
            is the 'simple' search.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-use-accept">
          <para>
            I'm confused by the behavior of the <quote>Accept</quote>
            button in the Show Bug form. Why doesn't it assign the bug
            to me when I accept it?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            The current behavior is acceptable to bugzilla.mozilla.org and
            most users. If you want to change this behavior, though, you
            have your choice of patches: 
            <simplelist>
              <member>
                <ulink url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=35195">Bug 35195</ulink>
                seeks to add an <quote>...and accept the bug</quote> checkbox
                to the UI. It has two patches attached to it: 
                <ulink url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/showattachment.cgi?attach_id=8029">attachment 8029</ulink>
                was originally created for Bugzilla 2.12, while 
                <ulink url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/showattachment.cgi?attach_id=91372">attachment 91372</ulink>
                is an updated version for Bugzilla 2.16
              </member>
              <member>
                <ulink url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=37613">Bug
                37613</ulink> also provides two patches (against Bugzilla
                2.12): one to add a 'Take Bug' option, and the other to
                automatically reassign the bug on 'Accept'. 
              </member>
            </simplelist>
            These patches are all somewhat dated now, and cannot be applied
            directly, but they are simple enough to provide a guide on how
            Bugzilla can be customized and updated to suit your needs.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-use-attachment">
          <para>
            I can't upload anything into the database via the
            <quote>Create Attachment</quote> link. What am I doing wrong?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            The most likely cause is a very old browser or a browser that is
            incompatible with file upload via POST. Download the latest version
            of your favourite browser to handle uploads correctly.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-use-keyword">
          <para>
            How do I change a keyword in Bugzilla, once some bugs are using it?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            In the Bugzilla administrator UI, edit the keyword and
            it will let you replace the old keyword name with a new one.
            This will cause a problem with the keyword cache; run
            <command>sanitycheck.cgi</command> to fix it.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-use-close">
          <para>
            Why can't I close bugs from the <quote>Change Several Bugs
            at Once</quote> page?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Simple answer; you can.
          </para>

          <para>
            The logic behind the page checks every bug in the list to
            determine legal state changes, and then only shows you controls
            to do things that could apply to <emphasis>every</emphasis> bug
            on the list. The reason for this is that if you try to do something
            illegal to a bug, the whole process will grind to a halt, and all
            changes after the failed one will <emphasis>also</emphasis> fail.
            Since that isn't a good outcome, the page doesn't even present
            you with the option.
          </para>

          <para>
            In practical terms, that means that in order to mark
            multiple bugs as CLOSED, then every bug on the page has to be
            either RESOLVED or VERIFIED already; if this is not the case,
            then the option to close the bugs will not appear on the page.
          </para>

          <para>
            The rationale is that if you pick one of the bugs that's not
            VERIFIED and try to CLOSE it, the bug change will fail
            miserably (thus killing any changes in the list after it
            while doing the bulk change) so it doesn't even give you the
            choice.
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>


    </qandadiv>

    <qandadiv id="faq-hacking">
      <title>Bugzilla Hacking</title>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-hacking-templatestyle">
          <para>
            What kind of style should I use for templatization?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Gerv and Myk suggest a 2-space indent, with embedded code sections on
            their own line, in line with outer tags. Like this:</para>
            <programlisting><![CDATA[
<fred>
[% IF foo %]
  <bar>
  [% FOREACH x = barney %]
    <tr>
      <td>
        [% x %]
      </td>
    <tr>
  [% END %]
[% END %]
</fred>
]]></programlisting>

        <para> Myk also recommends you turn on PRE_CHOMP in the template
        initialization to prevent bloating of HTML with unnecessary whitespace.
        </para>

        <para>Please note that many have differing opinions on this subject,
        and the existing templates in Bugzilla espouse both this and a 4-space
        style. Either is acceptable; the above is preferred.</para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-hacking-bugzillabugs">
          <para>
            What bugs are in Bugzilla right now?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            Try <ulink url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_status=NEW&amp;bug_status=ASSIGNED&amp;bug_status=REOPENED&amp;product=Bugzilla">
            this link</ulink> to view current bugs or requests for
            enhancement for Bugzilla.
          </para>
          <para>
            You can view bugs marked for &bz-nextver; release
            <ulink url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?product=Bugzilla&amp;target_milestone=Bugzilla+&amp;bz-nextver;">here</ulink>.
            This list includes bugs for the &bz-nextver; release that have already
            been fixed and checked into CVS. Please consult the
            <ulink url="http://www.bugzilla.org/">
            Bugzilla Project Page</ulink> for details on how to
            check current sources out of CVS so you can have these
            bug fixes early!
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-hacking-priority">
          <para>
            How can I change the default priority to a null value?
            For instance, have the default priority be <quote>---</quote>
            instead of <quote>P2</quote>?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <para>
            This is well-documented in <ulink
            url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=49862">bug
            49862</ulink>. Ultimately, it's as easy as adding the
            <quote>---</quote> priority field to your localconfig file
            in the appropriate area, re-running checksetup.pl, and then
            changing the default priority in your browser using
            <command>editparams.cgi</command>. 
          </para>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>

      <qandaentry>
        <question id="faq-hacking-patches">
          <para>
            What's the best way to submit patches?  What guidelines
            should I follow?
          </para>
        </question>
        <answer>
          <blockquote>
            <orderedlist>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  Enter a bug into bugzilla.mozilla.org for the <quote><ulink
                  url="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=Bugzilla">Bugzilla</ulink></quote>
                  product.
                </para>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  Upload your patch as a unified diff (having used <quote>diff
                  -u</quote> against the <emphasis>current sources</emphasis>
                  checked out of CVS), or new source file by clicking
                  <quote>Create a new attachment</quote> link on the bug
                  page you've just created, and include any descriptions of
                  database changes you may make, into the bug ID you submitted
                  in step #1. Be sure and click the <quote>Patch</quote> checkbox
                  to indicate the text you are sending is a patch!
                </para>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  Announce your patch and the associated URL
                  (https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=XXXXXX)
                  for discussion in the newsgroup
                  (mozilla.support.bugzilla). You'll get a
                  really good, fairly immediate reaction to the
                  implications of your patch, which will also give us
                  an idea how well-received the change would be.
                </para>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  If it passes muster with minimal modification, the
                  person to whom the bug is assigned in Bugzilla is
                  responsible for seeing the patch is checked into CVS.
                </para>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>
                  Bask in the glory of the fact that you helped write
                  the most successful open-source bug-tracking software
                  on the planet :)
                </para>
              </listitem>
            </orderedlist>
          </blockquote>
        </answer>
      </qandaentry>


    </qandadiv>

  </qandaset>

</appendix>


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