path: root/docs/xml/installation.xml

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<!-- $Id: installation.xml,v 1.58 2004/01/16 00:32:57 kiko%async.com.br Exp $ -->
<chapter id="installation">
  <title>Installation</title>

  <section id="stepbystep">
    <title>Step-by-step Install</title>

      <para>Bugzilla has been successfully installed under many different
      operating systems including almost all Unix clones and
      <productname class="registered">Microsoft Windows</productname>.  Many
      operating systems have utilities that make installation easier or quirks
      that make it harder. We have tried to collect that information in
      <xref linkend="os-specific"/>, so unless you are on Linux,
      be sure to check out that section before
      you start your installation.
      </para>

      <note>
        <para>Windows is one of those operating systems that has many quirks
        and is not yet officially supported by the Bugzilla team. If you wish
        to install Bugzilla on Windows, be sure to see
        <xref linkend="os-win32"/>.
        </para>
      </note>

      <warning>
        <para>While installing Bugzilla, it is a good idea to ensure that there
        is some kind of configurable firewall between you and the rest of the 
        Internet
        as your machine may be insecure for periods during the install. Many
        installation steps require an active Internet connection to complete,
        but you must take care to ensure that at no point is your machine
        vulnerable to an attack.</para>
      </warning>

      <para>This guide assumes that you already have your operating system
      installed, network configured, and have administrative access to the
      machine onto which you are installing Bugzilla. It is possible to
      install and run Bugzilla itself without administrative access, but you 
      have to
      either make sure all the required software is installed or get somebody
      with administrative access to install it for you.
      </para>

      <para>
      You are strongly recommended to make a backup of your system
      before installing Bugzilla (and at regular intervals thereafter :-).
      </para>
      
      <para>Here's a basic step-by-step list:
      </para>

      <procedure>
        <step>
          <para><link linkend="install-perl">Install Perl</link>
          (&min-perl-ver; or above)
          </para>
        </step>
        <step>
          <para><link linkend="install-mysql">Install MySQL</link>
          (&min-mysql-ver; or above)
          </para>
        </step>
        <step>
          <para><link linkend="install-webserver">Install a Webserver</link>
          </para>
        </step>
        <step>
          <para><link linkend="install-bzfiles">Put Bugzilla in the Webspace</link>
          </para>
        </step>
        <step>
          <para><link linkend="install-perlmodules">Install Perl Modules</link>
          </para>
        </step>
        <step>
          <para><link linkend="install-setupdatabase">Setup the MySQL Database</link>
          </para>
        </step>
      </procedure>

    <section id="install-perl">
      <title>Perl</title>

      <para>Any machine that doesn't have Perl on it is a sad machine indeed.
      If your OS doesn't come with it, Perl can be got in source form 
      from <ulink url="http://www.perl.com"/>.
      There are also binary versions available for many platforms, most of which
      are linked to from perl.com.
      Although Bugzilla runs with perl &min-perl-ver;,
      it's a good idea to be up to the very latest version
      if you can when running Bugzilla. As of this writing, that is Perl
      version &newest-perl-ver;.</para>
    </section>

    <section id="install-mysql">
      <title>MySQL</title>

      <para>If your OS doesn't come with it or provide official packages,
      visit the MySQL homepage at 
      <ulink url="http://www.mysql.com"/>
      to grab and install the latest stable release of the server. 
      </para>
      
      <note>
        <para> Many of the binary
        versions of MySQL store their data files in 
        <filename class="directory">/var</filename>.
        On some Unix systems, this is part of a smaller root partition,
        and may not have room for your bug database. You can set the data
         directory as an option to <filename>configure</filename>
         if you build MySQL from source yourself.</para>
      </note>

      <para>If you install from something other than a packaging/installation
      system (such as .rpm, .dep, .exe, or .msi) you will need to configure
      your system so the MySQL server daemon will come back up whenever
      your machine reboots.
      </para>

      <para>If you wish to have attachments larger than 64K, you will have to
      configure MySQL to accept large packets. This is done by adding the text
      in <xref linkend="install-mysql-packets"/> to your
      <filename>my.conf</filename> file. There is also a parameter in Bugzilla
      for setting the maximum allowable attachment size.
      <!-- TODO: xref to a param() page for max attachment size -->
      You should set this value to be slightly larger than that parameter.
      </para>

      <figure id="install-mysql-packets">
        <title>Set Max Packet Size in MySQL</title>

        <programlisting>
[mysqld]
# Allow packets up to 1M
set-variable = max_allowed_packet=1M
        </programlisting>
      </figure>

      <para>If you are running Bugzilla and MySQL on the same machine, you may
      also wish to utilize the <option>--skip-networking</option> option as
      mentioned in <xref linkend="security-mysql"/> for the added security.
      </para>
      
      <section id="install-setupdatabase">
        <title>Adding a user to MySQL</title>

        <para>This first thing you'll want to do is make sure you've given the
        <quote>root</quote> user a password as suggested in
        <xref linkend="security-mysql"/>. Then, you need to add a user for
        Bugzilla to use. For clarity, these instructions will
        assume that your MySQL user for Bugzilla will be <quote>bugs_user</quote>,
        the database will be called <quote>bugs_db</quote> and the password for
        the <quote>bugs_user</quote> user is <quote>bugs_password</quote>. You
        should, of course, substitute the values you intend to use for your site.
        </para>

        <note>
          <para>Most people use <quote>bugs</quote> for both the user and
          database name. Don't use it for the password, though...
          </para>
        </note>

        <para>We use an SQL <command>GRANT</command> command to create a 
        <quote>bugs_user</quote>
        user. This also restricts the 
        <quote>bugs_user</quote>
        user to operations within a database called 
        <quote>bugs_db</quote>, and only allows the account to connect from 
        <quote>localhost</quote>. 
        Modify it to reflect your setup if you will be connecting from
        another machine or as a different user.</para>

        <screen>
  <prompt>mysql&gt;</prompt> GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,INDEX,ALTER,CREATE,
         DROP,REFERENCES ON bugs_db.* TO bugs_user@localhost
         IDENTIFIED BY 'bugs_password';
  <prompt>mysql&gt;</prompt> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
        </screen>

        <note>
          <para>If you are using MySQL 4, the bugs user also needs to be granted
          the <computeroutput>LOCK TABLES</computeroutput> and 
          <computeroutput>CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES</computeroutput> permissions,
          so add them to the list in the 
          <computeroutput>GRANT</computeroutput> command.
          </para>
        </note>
      </section>      
    </section>

    <section id="install-webserver">
      <title>HTTP Server</title>

      <para>You have freedom of choice here, pretty much any web server that
      is capable of running <glossterm linkend="gloss-cgi">CGI</glossterm>
      scripts will work. <xref linkend="http"/> has more information about
      configuring web servers to work with Bugzilla.
      </para>

      <note>
        <para>We strongly recommend Apache as the web server to use. The
        Bugzilla Guide installation instructions, in general, assume you are
        using Apache. If you have got Bugzilla working using another webserver,
        please share your experiences with us by filing a bug in &bzg-bugs;.
        </para>
      </note>

    </section>

    <section id="install-bzfiles">
      <title>Bugzilla</title>

      <para>You should untar the Bugzilla files into a directory that you're
      willing to make writable by the default web server user (probably 
      <quote>nobody</quote>). 
      You may decide to put the files in the main web space for your
      web server or perhaps in 
      <filename>/usr/local</filename>
      with a symbolic link in the web space that points to the Bugzilla
      directory.</para>

      <tip>
        <para>If you symlink the bugzilla directory into your Apache's 
        <filename>html</filename>
        hierarchy, you may receive 
        <errorname>Forbidden</errorname>
        errors unless you add the 
        <filename>FollowSymLinks</filename>
        directive to the <filename>&lt;Directory&gt;</filename> entry for 
        the HTML root directory in httpd.conf.</para>
      </tip>

      <caution>
        <para>The default Bugzilla distribution is not designed to be placed
        in a <filename class="directory">cgi-bin</filename> directory (this
        includes any directory which is configured using the
        <option>ScriptAlias</option> directive of Apache).
        </para>
      </caution>
      
      <para>Once all the files are in a web accessible directory, make that
      directory writable by your webserver's user. This is a temporary step
      until you run the post-install 
      <filename>checksetup.pl</filename>
      script, which locks down your installation.</para>

    </section>

    <section>
      <title> 
      <filename>checksetup.pl</filename>
      </title>

      <para>Next, run the magic checksetup.pl script. 
      This is designed to check whether you have all of the right
      Perl modules in the correct
      versions, and that Bugzilla is generally set up correctly. 
      </para>
      
      <para>
      Eventually, 
      it will make sure Bugzilla files and directories have reasonable
      permissions, set up the 
      <filename>data</filename>
      directory, and create all the MySQL tables. But the first time you
      run it, it's highly likely to tell you that you are missing a few
      Perl modules. Make a note of which ones they are, and then proceed to
      the next section to install them.
      </para>

      <screen>
<prompt>bash#</prompt> ./checksetup.pl
      </screen>

      <para>
      The first time you run it with all the correct modules installed, 
      it will create a file called 
      <filename>localconfig</filename>.</para>
      
      <para>This file contains a variety of settings you may need to tweak
      including how Bugzilla should connect to the MySQL database.</para>

      <para>The connection settings include: 
      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>server's host: just use 
          <quote>localhost</quote>
          if the MySQL server is local</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>database name: 
          <quote>bugs_db</quote>
          if you're following these directions</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>MySQL username: 
          <quote>bugs_user</quote>
          if you're following these directions</para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>Password for the 
          <quote>bugs_user</quote>
          MySQL account; (<quote>bugs_password</quote> above)</para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>
      </para>

      <para>Edit the file to change these. Once you are happy with the 
      settings, <filename>su</filename> to the user
      your web server runs as, and re-run 
      <filename>checksetup.pl</filename>. (Note: on some security-conscious
      systems, you may need to change the login shell for the webserver 
      account before you can do this.)
      On this second run, it will create the database and an administrator
      account for which you will be prompted to provide information.</para>

      <note>
        <para>The checksetup.pl script is designed so that you can run it at
        any time without causing harm. You should run it after any upgrade to
        Bugzilla.</para>
      </note>
    </section>

    <section id="install-perlmodules">
      <title>Perl Modules</title>
      
      <para>Don't be intimidated by this long list of modules. See
      <xref linkend="install-modules-bundle-bugzilla"/> for a way of 
      installing all the ones you need with a single command.
      </para>
      
      <para>Perl modules can be found using
      <glossterm linkend="gloss-cpan">CPAN</glossterm> on Unix based systems or
      <glossterm linkend="gloss-ppm">PPM</glossterm> on Win32.
      </para>
    
      <para>Good instuctions can be found for using each of these services on
      their respective websites. The basics can be found in
      <xref linkend="install-perlmodules-cpan"/> for CPAN and
      <xref linkend="win32-perlmodules"/> for PPM.
      </para>

      <example id="install-perlmodules-cpan">
        <title>Installing perl modules with CPAN</title>

        <para>The easy way:
          <screen>
<prompt>bash#</prompt> perl -MCPAN -e 'install "&lt;modulename&gt;"'
          </screen>
        </para>

        <para>Or the hard way:
          <screen>
<prompt>bash#</prompt> tar xzvf &lt;module&gt;.tar.gz     <co id="cpan-moduletar"/>
<prompt>bash#</prompt> cd &lt;module&gt;                  <co id="cpan-moduledir"/>
<prompt>bash#</prompt> perl Makefile.PL
<prompt>bash#</prompt> make
<prompt>bash#</prompt> make test
<prompt>bash#</prompt> make install
          </screen>
          <calloutlist>
            <callout arearefs="cpan-moduletar">
              <para>This assumes that you've already downloaded the
              <filename>&lt;module&gt;.tar.gz</filename> to the current working
              directory.
              </para>
            </callout>
            <callout arearefs="cpan-moduledir">
              <para>The process of untarring the module as defined in
              <xref linkend="cpan-moduletar"/> will create the
              <filename class="directory">&lt;module&gt;</filename> directory.
              </para>
            </callout>
          </calloutlist>
        </para>
      </example>

      <tip>
        <para>Many people complain that Perl modules will not install for
        them. Most times, the error messages complain that they are missing a
        file in 
        <quote>@INC</quote>. 
        Virtually every time, this error is due to permissions being set too
        restrictively for you to compile Perl modules or not having the
        necessary Perl development libraries installed on your system.
        Consult your local UNIX systems administrator for help solving these
        permissions issues; if you 
        <emphasis>are</emphasis>
        the local UNIX sysadmin, please consult the newsgroup/mailing list
        for further assistance or hire someone to help you out.</para>
      </tip>


      <para>Perl Modules (minimum version):
      <orderedlist>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="install-modules-bundle-bugzilla">Bundle::Bugzilla</link>
            (Will allow you to skip the rest)
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="install-modules-cgi">CGI</link> 
            (&min-cgi-ver;)
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="install-modules-date-format">Date::Format</link>
            (&min-date-format-ver;)
          </para>
        </listitem>
    
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="install-modules-dbi">DBI</link> 
            (&min-dbi-ver;)
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="install-modules-dbd-mysql">DBD::mysql</link>
            (&min-dbd-mysql-ver;)
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="install-file-spec">File::Spec</link>
            (&min-file-spec-ver;)
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="install-modules-file-temp">File::Temp</link>
            (&min-file-temp-ver;)
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="install-modules-template">Template Toolkit</link>
            (&min-template-ver;)
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="install-modules-text-wrap">Text::Wrap</link> 
            (&min-text-wrap-ver;)
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>

      and, optionally:
      <orderedlist>  
        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="install-modules-gd">GD</link>
            (&min-gd-ver;) for bug charting
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="install-modules-chart-base">Chart::Base</link>
            (&min-chart-base-ver;) for bug charting
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="install-modules-xml-parser">XML::Parser</link>
            (&min-xml-parser-ver;) for the XML interface
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="install-modules-gd-graph">GD::Graph</link>
            (&min-gd-graph-ver;) for bug charting
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="install-modules-gd-text-align">GD::Text::Align</link>
            (&min-gd-text-align-ver;) for bug charting
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="install-modules-mime-parser">MIME::Parser</link>
            (&min-mime-parser-ver;) for the email interface
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>
            <link linkend="install-modules-patchreader">PatchReader</link>
            (&min-patchreader-ver;) for pretty HTML view of patches
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </orderedlist>          
      </para>


    <section id="install-modules-bundle-bugzilla">
      <title>Bundle::Bugzilla</title>

      <para>If you are running at least perl 5.6.1, you can save yourself a lot
      of time by using Bundle::Bugzilla. This bundle contains every module
      required to get Bugzilla running. It does not include GD and friends, but
      these are not required for a base install and can always be added later
      if the need arises.
      </para>

      <para>Assuming your perl was installed with CPAN (most unix installations
      are), using Bundle::Bugzilla is really easy. Simply follow along with the
      commands below.
      </para>


        <screen>
<prompt>bash#</prompt> <command>perl -MCPAN -eshell</command>              <co id="bundle-cpanconfig"/>
cpan shell -- CPAN exploration and modules installation (v1.63)
ReadLine support enabled

<prompt>cpan&gt;</prompt>

        </screen>

        <calloutlist>
          <callout arearefs="bundle-cpanconfig">
            <para>At this point, unless you've used CPAN on this machine before,
            you'll have to go through a series of configuration steps.
            </para>
          </callout>
        </calloutlist>
    </section>

    <section id="install-modules-cgi">
      <title>CGI (&min-cgi-ver;)</title>

      <para>The CGI module parses form elements and cookies and does many
      other usefule things. It come as a part of recent perl distributions, but
      Bugzilla needs a fairly new version.
      </para>

      <literallayout>
        CPAN Download Page: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/CGI.pm/"/>
        PPM Download Link: <ulink url="http://ppm.activestate.com/PPMPackages/zips/6xx-builds-only/CGI.zip"/>
        Documentation: <ulink url="http://www.perldoc.com/perl5.8.0/lib/CGI.html"/>
      </literallayout>
    </section>

    <section id="install-modules-date-format">
      <title>TimeDate modules (&min-date-format-ver;)</title>

      <para>Many of the more common date/time/calendar related Perl modules
      have been grouped into a bundle similar to the MySQL modules bundle.
      This bundle is stored on the CPAN under the name TimeDate. 
      The component module we're most interested in is the Date::Format
      module, but installing all of them is probably a good idea anyway.
      </para>

      <literallayout>
        CPAN Download Page: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/TimeDate/"/>
        PPM Download Link: <ulink url="http://ppm.activestate.com/PPMPackages/zips/6xx-builds-only/TimeDate.zip"/>
        Documentation: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/TimeDate/lib/Date/Format.pm"/>
      </literallayout>
    </section>

    <section id="install-modules-dbi">
      <title>DBI (&min-dbi-ver;)</title>
        
      <para>The DBI module is a generic Perl module used the
      MySQL-related modules. As long as your Perl installation was done
      correctly the DBI module should be a breeze. It's a mixed Perl/C
      module, but Perl's MakeMaker system simplifies the C compilation
      greatly.</para>

      <literallayout>
        CPAN Download Page: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/DBI/"/>
        PPM Download Link: <ulink url="http://ppm.activestate.com/PPMPackages/zips/6xx-builds-only/DBI.zip"/>
        Documentation: <ulink url="http://dbi.perl.org/doc/"/>
      </literallayout>
    </section>

    <section id="install-modules-dbd-mysql">
      <title>MySQL-related modules</title>

      <para>The Perl/MySQL interface requires a few mutually-dependent Perl
      modules. These modules are grouped together into the the
      Msql-Mysql-modules package.</para> 

      <para>The MakeMaker process will ask you a few questions about the
      desired compilation target and your MySQL installation. For most of the
      questions the provided default will be adequate, but when asked if your
      desired target is the MySQL or mSQL packages, you should
      select the MySQL related ones. Later you will be asked if you wish to
      provide backwards compatibility with the older MySQL packages; you
      should answer YES to this question. The default is NO.</para>

      <para>A host of 'localhost' should be fine and a testing user of 'test'
      with a null password should find itself with sufficient access to run
      tests on the 'test' database which MySQL created upon installation.
      </para>

      <literallayout>
        CPAN Download Page: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/DBD-mysql/"/>
        PPM Download Link: <ulink url="http://ppm.activestate.com/PPMPackages/zips/6xx-builds-only/DBD-Mysql.zip"/>
        Documentation: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/DBD-mysql/lib/DBD/mysql.pod"/>
      </literallayout>
    </section>

    <section id="install-file-spec">
      <title>File::Spec (&min-file-spec-ver;)</title>

      <para>File::Spec is a perl module that allows file operations, such as
      generating full path names, to work cross platform.
      </para>

      <literallayout>
        CPAN Download Page: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/File-Spec/"/>
        PPM Download Page: <ulink url="http://ppm.activestate.com/PPMPackages/zips/6xx-builds-only/File-Spec.zip"/>
        Documentation: <ulink url="http://www.perldoc.com/perl5.8.0/lib/File/Spec.html"/>
      </literallayout>
    </section>

    <section id="install-modules-file-temp">
      <title>File::Temp (&min-file-temp-ver;)</title>

      <para>File::Temp is used to generate a temporary filename that is
      guaranteed to be unique. It comes as a standard part of perl
      </para>

      <literallayout>
        CPAN Download Page: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/File-Spec/"/>
        PPM Download Link: <ulink url="http://ppm.activestate.com/PPMPackages/zips/6xx-builds-only/File-Spec.zip"/>
        Documentation: <ulink url="http://www.perldoc.com/perl5.8.0/lib/File/Temp.html"/>
      </literallayout>
    </section>

    <section id="install-modules-template">
      <title>Template Toolkit (&min-template-ver;)</title>

      <para>When you install Template Toolkit, you'll get asked various
      questions about features to enable. The defaults are fine, except
      that it is recommended you use the high speed XS Stash of the Template
      Toolkit, in order to achieve best performance.
      </para>

      <literallayout>
        CPAN Download Page: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Template-Toolkit/"/>
        PPM Download Link: <ulink url="http://openinteract.sourceforge.net/ppmpackages/5.6/Template-Toolkit.tar.gz"/>
        Documentation: <ulink url="http://www.template-toolkit.org/docs.html"/>
      </literallayout>
    </section> 

    <section id="install-modules-text-wrap">
      <title>Text::Wrap (&min-text-wrap-ver;)</title>

      <para>Text::Wrap is designed to proved intelligent text wrapping.
      </para>

      <!-- TODO: Text::Wrap doesn't seem to be available from ActiveState -->
      <literallayout>
        CPAN Download Page: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Text-Tabs+Wrap/"/>
        Documentation: <ulink url="http://www.perldoc.com/perl5.8.0/lib/Text/Wrap.html"/>
      </literallayout>
    </section>


    <section id="install-modules-gd">
      <title>GD (&min-gd-ver;) [optional]</title>

      <para>You need the GD library if you want any of the graphing to work.
      </para>

      <note>
        <para>The Perl GD library requires some other libraries that may or
        may not be installed on your system, including 
        <classname>libpng</classname>
        and 
        <classname>libgd</classname>. 
        The full requirements are listed in the Perl GD library README.
        If compiling GD fails, it's probably because you're
        missing a required library.</para>
      </note>

      <tip>
        <para>The version of the GD perl module you need is very closely tied
        to the <classname>libgd</classname> version installed on your system.
        If you have a version 1.x of <classname>libgd</classname> the 2.x
        versions of the GD perl module won't work for you.
       </para>
     </tip>

      <literallayout>
        CPAN Download Page: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/GD/"/>
        PPM Download Link: <ulink url="http://ppm.activestate.com/PPMPackages/zips/6xx-builds-only/GD.zip"/>
        Documentation: <ulink url="http://stein.cshl.org/WWW/software/GD/"/>
      </literallayout>
    </section>

    <section id="install-modules-chart-base">
      <title>Chart::Base (&min-chart-base-ver;) [optional]</title>

      <para>The Chart module provides Bugzilla with on-the-fly charting
      abilities. It can be installed in the usual fashion after it has been
      fetched from CPAN. 
      Note that earlier versions that 0.99c used GIFs, which are no longer
      supported by the latest versions of GD.</para>

      <!-- TODO: Chart::Base doesn't seem to have any documentation -->
      <literallayout>
        CPAN Download Page: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Chart/"/>
        PPM Download Link: <ulink url="http://ppm.activestate.com/PPMPackages/zips/6xx-builds-only/Chart.zip"/>
      </literallayout>
    </section>

    <section id="install-modules-xml-parser">
      <title>XML::Parser (&min-xml-parser-ver;) [optional]</title>

      <para>XML::Parser is used by the <filename>importxml.pl</filename>
      script. You only need it if you are going to be importing bugs (such as
      for bug moving).  XML::Parser requires that the
      <classname>expat</classname> library is already installed on your machine.
      </para>

      <!-- TODO: XML::Parser - the only PPM I see is XML-Parser-EasyTree.zip;
                 I'm not sure if it's the same thing or not. -->
      <literallayout>
        CPAN Download Page: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/XML-Parser/"/>
        Documentation: <ulink url="http://www.perldoc.com/perl5.6.1/lib/XML/Parser.html"/>
      </literallayout>
    </section>

    <section id="install-modules-gd-graph">
      <title>GD::Graph (&min-gd-graph-ver;) [optional]</title>

      <para>In addition to GD listed above, the reporting interface of Bugzilla
      needs to have the GD::Graph module installed.
      </para>

      <literallayout>
        CPAN Download Page: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/GDGraph/"/>
        PPM Download Link: <ulink url="http://ppm.activestate.com/PPMPackages/zips/6xx-builds-only/GDGraph.zip"/>
        Documentation: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/GDGraph/Graph.pm"/>
      </literallayout>
    </section>

    <section id="install-modules-gd-text-align">
      <title>GD::Text::Align (&min-gd-text-align-ver;) [optional]</title>

      <para>GD::Text::Align, as the name implies, is used to draw aligned
      strings of text. It is needed by the reporting interface.
      </para>

      <literallayout>
        CPAN Download Page: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/GDTextUtil/"/>
        PPM Download Page: <ulink url="http://ppm.activestate.com/PPMPackages/zips/6xx-builds-only/GDTextUtil.zip"/>
        Documentation: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/GDTextUtil/Text/Align.pm"/>
      </literallayout>
    </section>

    <section id="install-modules-mime-parser">
      <title>MIME::Parser (&min-mime-parser-ver;) [optional]</title>

      <para>MIME::Parser is only needed if you want to use the e-mail interface
      located in the <filename class="directory">contrib</filename> directory.
      </para>

      <literallayout>
        CPAN Download Page: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/MIME-tools/"/>
        PPM Download Link: <ulink url="http://ppm.activestate.com/PPMPackages/zips/6xx-builds-only/MIME-tools.zip"/>
        Documentation: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/dist/MIME-tools/lib/MIME/Parser.pm"/>
      </literallayout>
    </section>

    <section id="install-modules-patchreader">
      <title>PatchReader (&min-patchreader-ver;) [optional]</title>

      <para>PatchReader is only needed if you want to use Patch Viewer, a
      Bugzilla feature to format patches in a pretty HTML fashion.  There are a
      number of optional parameters you can configure Patch Viewer with as well,
      including cvsroot, cvsroot_get, lxr_root, bonsai_url, lxr_url, and
      lxr_root.  Patch Viewer also optionally will use cvs, diff and interdiff
      utilities if they exist on the system (interdiff can be found in the
      patchutils package at <ulink url="http://cyberelk.net/tim/patchutils/"/>.
      These programs' locations can be configured in localconfig.
      </para>

      <literallayout>
        CPAN Download Page: <ulink url="http://search.cpan.org/author/JKEISER/PatchReader/"/>
        Documentation: <ulink url="http://www.johnkeiser.com/mozilla/Patch_Viewer.html"/>
      </literallayout>
    </section>
  </section>
  

    <section>
      <title>Configuring Bugzilla</title>
      <para>
      Once checksetup.pl has run successfully, Bugzilla should start up.
      Proceed to the correct URL and log in with the administrator account
      you defined in the last checksetup.pl run.
      </para>
      
      <para>
      You should run through the parameters on the Edit Parameters page
      (link in the footer) and set them all to appropriate values. 
      They key parameters are documented in <xref linkend="parameters" />.
      </para>
    </section>
  </section>
  
  <section id="http">
    <title>HTTP Server Configuration</title>

    <para>The Bugzilla Team recommends Apache when using Bugzilla, however, any web server
    that can be configured to run <glossterm linkend="gloss-cgi">CGI</glossterm> scripts
    should be able to handle Bugzilla. No matter what web server you choose, but
    especially if you choose something other than Apache, you should be sure to read
    <xref linkend="security-access"/>.
    </para>

    <para>The plan for this section is to eventually document the specifics of how to lock
    down permissions on individual web servers.
    </para>

    <section id="http-apache">
      <title>Apache <productname>httpd</productname></title>

      <para>You will have to make sure that Apache is properly
      configured to run the Bugzilla CGI scripts. You also need to make sure
      that the <filename>.htaccess</filename> files created by
      <command>./checksetup.pl</command> are allowed to override Apache's normal access
      permissions or else important password information may be exposed to the
      Internet.
      </para>

        <para>You need to configure Apache to run .cgi files outside the
        <filename class="directory">cgi-bin</filename> directory.
        Open your
        <filename>httpd.conf</filename> file and make sure the
        following line exists and is uncommented:</para>
        <programlisting>
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
        </programlisting>

        <para>To allow <filename>.htaccess</filename> files to override
        permissions and .cgi files to run in the Bugzilla directory, make sure
        the following two lines are in a <computeroutput>Directory</computeroutput>
        directive that applies to the Bugzilla directory on your system
        (either the Bugzilla directory or one of its parents).
        </para>
        <programlisting>
Options +ExecCGI
AllowOverride Limit
        </programlisting>

        <para>You should modify the &lt;DirectoryIndex&gt; parameter for
        the Apache virtual host running your Bugzilla installation to
        allow <filename>index.cgi</filename> as the index page for a
        directory, as well as the usual <filename>index.html</filename>,
        <filename>index.htm</filename>, and so forth. </para>

        <note>
          <para>For more information on Apache and its directives, see the
          glossary entry on <xref linkend="gloss-apache"/>.
          </para>
        </note>
    </section>

    <section id="http-iis">
      <title>Microsoft <productname>Internet Information Services</productname></title>

      <para>If you need, or for some reason even want, to use Microsoft's
      <productname>Internet Information Services</productname> or
      <productname>Personal Web Server</productname> you should be able
      to. You will need to configure them to know how to run CGI scripts,
      however. This is described in Microsoft Knowledge Base article
      <ulink url="http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q245/2/25.asp">Q245225</ulink>
      for <productname>Internet Information Services</productname> and
      <ulink url="http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q231/9/98.asp">Q231998</ulink>          
      for <productname>Personal Web Server</productname>.
      </para>

      <para>Also, and this can't be stressed enough, make sure that files such as
      <filename>localconfig</filename> and your <filename class="directory">data</filename>
      directory are secured as described in <xref linkend="security-access"/>.
      </para>

    </section>

    <section id="http-aol">
      <title>AOL Server</title>

      <para>Ben FrantzDale reported success using AOL Server with Bugzilla. He
      reported his experience and what appears below is based on that.
      </para>

      <para>AOL Server will have to be configured to run
      <glossterm linkend="gloss-cgi">CGI</glossterm> scripts, please consult
      the documentation that came with your server for more information on
      how to do this.
      </para>

      <para>Because AOL Server doesn't support <filename>.htaccess</filename>
      files, you'll have to create a <glossterm linkend="gloss-tcl">TCL</glossterm>
      script. You should create an <filename>aolserver/modules/tcl/filter.tcl</filename>
      file (the filename shouldn't matter) with the following contents (change
      <computeroutput>/bugzilla/</computeroutput> to the web-based path to
      your Bugzilla installation):
      </para>

      <programlisting>
ns_register_filter preauth GET /bugzilla/localconfig filter_deny
ns_register_filter preauth GET /bugzilla/localconfig~ filter_deny
ns_register_filter preauth GET /bugzilla/\#localconfig\# filter_deny
ns_register_filter preauth GET /bugzilla/*.pl filter_deny
ns_register_filter preauth GET /bugzilla/syncshadowdb filter_deny
ns_register_filter preauth GET /bugzilla/runtests.sh filter_deny
ns_register_filter preauth GET /bugzilla/data/* filter_deny
ns_register_filter preauth GET /bugzilla/template/* filter_deny
                                                                                
proc filter_deny { why } {
    ns_log Notice "filter_deny"
    return "filter_return"
}
      </programlisting>

      <warning>
        <para>This probably doesn't account for all possible editor backup
        files so you may wish to add some additional variations of
        <filename>localconfig</filename>. For more information, see 
        <ulink url="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=186383">
        bug 186383</ulink> or <ulink
        url="http://online.securityfocus.com/bid/6501">Bugtraq ID 6501</ulink>.
        </para>
      </warning>

      <note>
        <para>If you are using webdot from research.att.com (the default
        configuration for the <option>webdotbase</option> paramater), you
        will need to allow access to <filename>data/webdot/*.dot</filename>
        for the reasearch.att.com machine.
        </para>
        <para>If you are using a local installation of <ulink
        url="http://www.graphviz.org">GraphViz</ulink>, you will need to allow
        everybody to access <filename>*.png</filename>,
        <filename>*.gif</filename>, <filename>*.jpg</filename>, and
        <filename>*.map</filename> in the
        <filename class="directory">data/webdot</filename> directory.
        </para>
      </note>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section id="extraconfig">
    <title>Optional Additional Configuration</title>

    <section>
      <title>Dependency Charts</title>

      <para>As well as the text-based dependency graphs, Bugzilla also
      supports dependency graphing, using a package called 'dot'.
      Exactly how this works is controlled by the 'webdotbase' parameter,
      which can have one of three values:
      </para>

      <para>
        <orderedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>
            A complete file path to the command 'dot' (part of 
            <ulink url="http://www.graphviz.org/">GraphViz</ulink>) 
            will generate the graphs locally
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
            A URL prefix pointing to an installation of the webdot package will
            generate the graphs remotely
            </para>
          </listitem>
          <listitem>
            <para>
            A blank value will disable dependency graphing.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </orderedlist>
      </para>
      
      <para>So, to get this working, install
      <ulink url="http://www.graphviz.org/">GraphViz</ulink>. If you
      do that, you need to
      <ulink url="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/mod/mod_imap.html">enable
      server-side image maps</ulink> in Apache.
      Alternatively, you could set up a webdot server, or use the AT&amp;T 
      public webdot server (the
      default for the webdotbase param). Note that AT&amp;T's server won't work
      if Bugzilla is only accessible using HARTS.
      </para>
   </section>

    <section>
      <title>Bug Graphs</title>

      <para>As long as you installed the GD and Graph::Base Perl modules you
      might as well turn on the nifty Bugzilla bug reporting graphs.</para>

      <para>Add a cron entry like this to run 
      <filename>collectstats.pl</filename> 
      daily at 5 after midnight: 
      <simplelist>
        <member>
          <computeroutput>
            <prompt>bash#</prompt>

            <command>crontab -e</command>
          </computeroutput>
        </member>

        <member>
          <computeroutput>5 0 * * * cd &lt;your-bugzilla-directory&gt; ;
          ./collectstats.pl</computeroutput>
        </member>
      </simplelist>
      </para>

      <para>After two days have passed you'll be able to view bug graphs from
      the Bug Reports page.</para>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>The Whining Cron</title>

      <para>By now you have a fully functional Bugzilla, but what good are
      bugs if they're not annoying? To help make those bugs more annoying you
      can set up Bugzilla's automatic whining system to complain at engineers
      which leave their bugs in the NEW or REOPENED state without triaging them.
      </para>
      <para>
      This can be done by
      adding the following command as a daily crontab entry (for help on that
      see that crontab man page): 
      <simplelist>
        <member>
          <computeroutput>
            <command>cd &lt;your-bugzilla-directory&gt; ;
            ./whineatnews.pl</command>
          </computeroutput>
        </member>
      </simplelist>
      </para>

      <tip>
        <para>Depending on your system, crontab may have several manpages.
        The following command should lead you to the most useful page for
        this purpose: 
        <programlisting>
man 5 crontab
	</programlisting>
        </para>
      </tip>
    </section>

    <section id="bzldap">
      <title>LDAP Authentication</title>

      <para>LDAP authentication is a module for Bugzilla's plugin 
      authentication architecture.
      </para>

      <para>
      The existing authentication
      scheme for Bugzilla uses email addresses as the primary user ID, and a
      password to authenticate that user. All places within Bugzilla where
      you need to deal with user ID (e.g assigning a bug) use the email
      address. The LDAP authentication builds on top of this scheme, rather
      than replacing it. The initial log in is done with a username and
      password for the LDAP directory. This then fetches the email address
      from LDAP and authenticates seamlessly in the standard Bugzilla
      authentication scheme using this email address. If an account for this
      address already exists in your Bugzilla system, it will log in to that
      account. If no account for that email address exists, one is created at
      the time of login. (In this case, Bugzilla will attempt to use the
      "displayName" or "cn" attribute to determine the user's full name.)
      After authentication, all other user-related tasks are still handled by
      email address, not LDAP username. You still assign bugs by email
      address, query on users by email address, etc.
      </para>

      <caution>
        <para>Because the Bugzilla account is not created until the first time
        a user logs in, a user who has not yet logged is unknown to Bugzilla.
        This means they cannot be used as an assignee or QA contact (default or
        otherwise), added to any cc list, or any other such operation. One
        possible workaround is the <filename>bugzilla_ldapsync.rb</filename>
        script in the
        <glossterm linkend="gloss-contrib"><filename class="directory">contrib</filename></glossterm> directory. Another possible solution is fixing
        <ulink url="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201069">bug
        201069</ulink>.
        </para>
      </caution>
      
      <para>Parameters required to use LDAP Authentication:</para>

      <variablelist>
        <varlistentry id="param-loginmethod">
          <term>loginmethod</term>
          <listitem>
            <para>This parameter should be set to <quote>LDAP</quote>
            <emphasis>only</emphasis> if you will be using an LDAP directory
            for authentication. If you set this param to <quote>LDAP</quote> but
            fail to set up the other parameters listed below you will not be
            able to log back in to Bugzilla one you log out. If this happens
            to you, you will need to manually edit
            <filename>data/params</filename> and set loginmethod to
            <quote>DB</quote>.
            </para>
          </listitem>
        </varlistentry>

        <varlistentry id="param-LDAPserver">
          <term>LDAPserver</term>
          <listitem>
            <para>This parameter should be set to the name (and optionally the
            port) of your LDAP server. If no port is specified, it assumes
            the default LDAP port of 389.
            </para>
            <para>Ex. <quote>ldap.company.com</quote>
             or <quote>ldap.company.com:3268</quote>
            </para>
           </listitem>
         </varlistentry>

         <varlistentry id="param-LDAPbinddn">
           <term>LDAPbinddn [Optional]</term>
           <listitem>
             <para>Some LDAP servers will not allow an anonymous bind to search
             the directory. If this is the case with your configuration you
             should set the LDAPbinddn parameter to the user account Bugzilla
             should use instead of the anonymous bind.
             </para>
             <para>Ex. <quote>cn=default,cn=user:password</quote></para>
           </listitem>
         </varlistentry>

         <varlistentry id="param-LDAPBaseDN">
           <term>LDAPBaseDN</term>
           <listitem>
             <para>The LDAPBaseDN parameter should be set to the location in
             your LDAP tree that you would like to search for e-mail addresses.
             Your uids should be unique under the DN specified here.
             </para>
             <para>Ex. <quote>ou=People,o=Company</quote></para>
           </listitem>
         </varlistentry>

         <varlistentry id="param-LDAPuidattribute">
           <term>LDAPuidattribute</term>
           <listitem>
             <para>The LDAPuidattribute parameter should be set to the attribute
             which contains the unique UID of your users. The value retrieved
             from this attribute will be used when attempting to bind as the
             user to confirm their password.
             </para>
             <para>Ex. <quote>uid</quote></para>
           </listitem>
         </varlistentry>

         <varlistentry id="param-LDAPmailattribute">
           <term>LDAPmailattribute</term>
           <listitem>
             <para>The LDAPmailattribute parameter should be the name of the
             attribute which contains the e-mail address your users will enter
             into the Bugzilla login boxes.
             </para>
             <para>Ex. <quote>mail</quote></para>
           </listitem>
          </varlistentry>
      </variablelist>

    </section>
    
    <section id="content-type">

      <title>Preventing untrusted Bugzilla content from executing malicious
      Javascript code</title>

      <para>It is possible for a Bugzilla attachment to contain malicious 
      Javascript
      code, which would be executed in the domain of your Bugzilla, thereby
      making it possible for the attacker to e.g. steal your login cookies. 
      Due to internationalization concerns, we are unable to
      incorporate by default the code changes necessary to fulfill the CERT 
      advisory requirements mentioned in 
      <ulink
      url="http://www.cert.org/tech_tips/malicious_code_mitigation.html/#3"/>.
      If your installation is for an English speaking audience only, making the
      change below will prevent this problem. 
      </para>

      <para>Simply locate the following line in
      <filename>Bugzilla/CGI.pm</filename>:
      <programlisting>
    $self->charset('');
      </programlisting>
      and change it to:
      <programlisting>
    $self->charset('ISO-8859-1');
      </programlisting>
      </para>
    </section>    
    
    <section id="mod_perl" xreflabel="Bugzilla and mod_perl">
      <title>
      Bugzilla and <filename>mod_perl</filename>
      </title>
      <para>Bugzilla is unsupported under mod_perl.  Effort is underway
      to make it work cleanly in a mod_perl environment, but it is
      slow going.
      </para>
    </section>

    <section id="mod-throttle"
    xreflabel="Using mod_throttle to prevent Denial of Service attacks">
      <title>
      <filename>mod_throttle</filename>

      and Security</title>

      <para>It is possible for a user, by mistake or on purpose, to access
      the database many times in a row which can result in very slow access
      speeds for other users. If your Bugzilla installation is experiencing
      this problem , you may install the Apache module 
      <filename>mod_throttle</filename>

      which can limit connections by ip-address. You may download this module
      at 
      <ulink url="http://www.snert.com/Software/mod_throttle/"/>.
      Follow the instructions to install into your Apache install. 
      <emphasis>This module only functions with the Apache web
      server!</emphasis>
      You may use the 
      <command>ThrottleClientIP</command>

      command provided by this module to accomplish this goal. See the 
      <ulink url="http://www.snert.com/Software/mod_throttle/">Module
      Instructions</ulink>
      for more information.</para>
    </section>
  </section>

  <section id="os-specific">
    <title>OS Specific Installation Notes</title>

    <para>Many aspects of the Bugzilla installation can be affected by the
    the operating system you choose to install it on. Sometimes it can be made
    easier and others more difficult. This section will attempt to help you
    understand both the difficulties of running on specific operating systems
    and the utilities available to make it easier.
    </para>

    <para>If you have anything to add or notes for an operating system not
    covered, please file a bug in &bzg-bugs;. 
    </para>

    <section id="os-win32">
      <title>Microsoft Windows</title>

      <para>Making Bugzilla work on windows is still a painful processes.
      The Bugzilla Team is working to make it easier, but that goal is not
      considered a top priority. If you wish to run Bugzilla, we still
      recommend doing so on a Unix based system such as GNU/Linux. As of this
      writing, all members of the Bugzilla team and all known large installations
      run on Unix based systems.
      </para>

     <para>If after hearing all that, you have enough pain tolerance to attempt
     installing Bugzilla on Win32, here are some pointers.
     <![%bz-devel;[
       Because this is a development version of the guide, these instructions
       are subject to change without notice.  In fact, the Bugzilla Team hopes
       they do as we would like to have Bugzilla resonabally close to "out of
       the box" compatibility by the 2.18 release.
      ]]>
      </para>

      <section id="win32-perl">
        <title>Win32 Perl</title>

        <para>Perl for Windows can be obtained from <ulink
        url="http://www.activestate.com/">ActiveState</ulink>. You should be
        able to find a compiled binary at <ulink
        url="http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Downloads/ActivePerl/"/>.
        </para>
      </section>

      <section id="win32-perlmodules">
        <title>Perl Modules on Win32</title>

        <para>Bugzilla on Windows requires the same perl modules found in
        <xref linkend="install-perlmodules"/>. The main difference is that
        windows uses <glossterm linkend="gloss-ppm">PPM</glossterm> instead of
        CPAN.
        </para>

        <programlisting>
C:\perl&gt; <command>ppm &lt;module name&gt;</command>
        </programlisting>

        <note>
          <para>The above syntax should work for all modules with the exception
          of Template Toolkit. The <ulink
          url="http://tt2.org/download.html#win32">Template Toolkit website</ulink>
          suggests using the instructions on <ulink
          url="http://openinteract.sourceforge.net/">OpenInteract's website</ulink>.
          </para>
        </note>

        <tip>
          <para>A complete list of modules that can be installed using ppm can
          be found at <ulink url="http://www.activestate.com/PPMPackages/5.6plus"/>.
          </para>
        </tip>
      </section>

      <section id="win32-code-changes">
        <title>Code changes required to run on win32</title>

        <para>As Bugzilla still doesn't run "out of the box" on
        Windows, code has to be modified. This section is an attempt to
        list the required changes.
        </para>

        <section id="win32-code-checksetup">
          <title>Changes to <filename>checksetup.pl</filename></title>

          <para>In <filename>checksetup.pl</filename>, the line reading:</para>

          <programlisting>
my $mysql_binaries = `which mysql`;
          </programlisting>
          <para>to</para>
          <programlisting>
my $mysql_binaries = "D:\\mysql\\bin\\mysql";
          </programlisting>

          <para>And you'll also need to change:</para>

          <programlisting>
my $webservergid = getgrnam($my_webservergroup)
          </programlisting>
          <para>to</para>
          <programlisting>
my $webservergid = '8'
          </programlisting>
        </section>

        <section id="win32-code-bugmail">
          <title>Changes to <filename>BugMail.pm</filename></title>

          <para>To make bug e-mail work on Win32 (until
          <ulink url="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=84876">bug
          84876</ulink> lands), the
          simplest way is to have the Net::SMTP Perl module installed and 
          change this:</para>

          <programlisting>
open(SENDMAIL, "|/usr/lib/sendmail $sendmailparam -t -i") ||
  die "Can't open sendmail";

print SENDMAIL trim($msg) . "\n";
close SENDMAIL;
          </programlisting>
          <para>to</para>
          <programlisting>
use Net::SMTP;
my $smtp_server = 'smtp.mycompany.com';  # change this

# Use die on error, so that the mail will be in the 'unsent mails' and
# can be sent from the sanity check page.
my $smtp = Net::SMTP->new($smtp_server) ||
  die 'Cannot connect to server \'$smtp_server\'';

$smtp->mail('bugzilla-daemon@mycompany.com');  # change this
$smtp->to($person);
$smtp->data();
$smtp->datasend($msg);
$smtp->dataend();
$smtp->quit;
          </programlisting>

          <para>Don't forget to change the name of your SMTP server and the
          domain of the sending e-mail address (after the '@') in the above
          lines of code.</para>

        </section>
        
      </section>

      <section id="win32-http">
        <title>Serving the web pages</title>

        <para>As is the case on Unix based systems, any web server should be
        able to handle Bugzilla; however, the Bugzilla Team still recommends
        Apache whenever asked. No matter what web server you choose, be sure
        to pay attention to the security notes in <xref linkend="security-access"/>.
        More information on configuring specific web servers can be found in
        <xref linkend="http"/>.
        </para>

        <note>
          <para>If using Apache on windows, you can set the <ulink
          url="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#scriptinterpretersource">ScriptInterpreterSource</ulink>
          directive in your Apache config, if you don't do this, you'll have
          to modify the first line of every script to contain your path to
          perl instead of <filename>/usr/bin/perl</filename>.
          </para>
        </note>

      </section>

    </section>

    <section id="os-macosx">
      <title><productname>Mac OS X</productname></title>

      <para>There are a lot of common libraries and utilities out there that
      Apple did not include with Mac OS X, but which run perfectly well on it.
      The GD library, which Bugzilla needs to do bug graphs, is one of
      these.</para>

      <para>The easiest way to get a lot of these is with a program called
      Fink, which is similar in nature to the CPAN installer, but installs
      common GNU utilities. Fink is available from
      <ulink url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/fink/"/>.</para>

      <para>Follow the instructions for setting up Fink. Once it's installed,
      you'll want to use it to install the gd2 package.
      </para>

      <para>It will prompt you for a number of dependencies, type 'y' and hit
      enter to install all of the dependencies and then watch it work. You will
      then be able to use <glossterm linkend="gloss-cpan">CPAN</glossterm> to
      install the GD perl module.
      </para>

      <note>
        <para>To prevent creating conflicts with the software that Apple
        installs by default, Fink creates its own directory tree at 
        <filename class="directory">/sw</filename> where it installs most of
        the software that it installs. This means your libraries and headers be
        at <filename class="directory">/sw/lib</filename> and
        <filename class="directory">/sw/include</filename> instead of
        <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> and
        <filename class="directory">/usr/local/include</filename>. When the
        Perl module config script asks where your libgd is, be sure to tell it
        <filename class="directory">/sw/lib</filename>.
        </para>
      </note>

      <para>Also available via Fink is expat. Once running using fink to
      install the expat package you will be able to install
      XML::Parser using CPAN. There is one caveat. Unlike recent versions of
      the GD module, XML::Parser doesn't prompt for the location of the
      required libraries. When using CPAN, you will need to use the following
      command sequence:
      </para>

      <screen>
# perl -MCPAN -e'look XML::Parser'        <co id="macosx-look"/>
# perl Makefile.PL EXPATLIBPATH=/sw/lib EXPATINCPATH=/sw/include
# make; make test; make install           <co id="macosx-make"/>
# exit                                    <co id="macosx-exit"/>
      </screen>
      <calloutlist>
        <callout arearefs="macosx-look macosx-exit">
          <para>The look command will download the module and spawn a
          new shell with the extracted files as the current working directory.
          The exit command will return you to your original shell.
          </para>
        </callout>
        <callout arearefs="macosx-make">
          <para>You should watch the output from these make commands,
          especially <quote>make test</quote> as errors may prevent XML::Parser
          from functioning correctly with Bugzilla.
          </para>
        </callout>
      </calloutlist>
    </section>

    <section id="os-mandrake">
      <title>Linux-Mandrake 8.0</title>

      <para>Linux-Mandrake 8.0 includes every required and optional library
      for Bugzilla. The easiest way to install them is by using the
      <command>urpmi</command>  utility. If you follow these commands, you
      should have everything you need for Bugzilla, and
      <command>./checksetup.pl</command>  should not complain about any
      missing libraries. You may already have some of these installed.
      </para>

      <screen>
<prompt>bash#</prompt> <command>urpmi perl-mysql</command>
<prompt>bash#</prompt> <command>urpmi perl-chart</command>
<prompt>bash#</prompt> <command>urpmi perl-gd</command>
<prompt>bash#</prompt> <command>urpmi perl-MailTools</command>             <co id="test-mailtools"/>
<prompt>bash#</prompt> <command>urpmi apache-modules</command>
      </screen>
      <calloutlist>
        <callout arearefs="test-mailtools">
          <para>for Bugzilla e-mail integration</para>
        </callout>
      </calloutlist>

    </section>

  </section>

  <section id="security">
    <title>Bugzilla Security</title>

    <warning>
      <para>Poorly-configured MySQL and Bugzilla installations have
      given attackers full access to systems in the past. Please take these
      guidelines seriously, even for Bugzilla machines hidden away behind
      your firewall. 80% of all computer trespassers are insiders, not
      anonymous crackers.</para>
      
      <para>This is not meant to be a comprehensive list of every possible
      security issue pertaining to the software mentioned in this section. 
      There is
      no subsitute for reading the information written by the authors of any
      software running on your system.
      </para>
    </warning>

    <section id="security-networking">
      <title>TCP/IP Ports</title>

      <!-- TODO: Make this make sense (TCP/IP) -->
      <para>TCP/IP defines 65,000 some ports for trafic. Of those, Bugzilla
      only needs 1, or 2 if you need to use features that require e-mail such
      as bug moving or the e-mail interface from contrib. You should audit
      your server and make sure that you aren't listening on any ports you
      don't need to be. You may also wish to use some kind of firewall
      software to be sure that trafic can only be recieved on ports you
      specify.
      </para>
    </section>

    <section id="security-mysql">
      <title>MySQL</title>

      <para>MySQL ships by default with many settings that should be changed.
      By defaults it allows anybody to connect from localhost without a
      password and have full administrative capabilities. It also defaults to
      not have a root password (this is <emphasis>not</emphasis> the same as
      the system root). Also, many installations default to running
      <application>mysqld</application> as the system root.
      </para>

      <orderedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>Consult the documentation that came with your system for
          information on making <application>mysqld</application> run as an
          unprivleged user.
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>You should also be sure to disable the anonymous user account
          and set a password for the root user. This is accomplished using the
          following commands:
          </para>
          <programlisting>
<prompt>bash$</prompt> mysql mysql
<prompt>mysql&gt;</prompt> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = '';
<prompt>mysql&gt;</prompt> UPDATE user SET password = password('<replaceable>new_password</replaceable>') WHERE user = 'root';
<prompt>mysql&gt;</prompt> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
          </programlisting>
          <para>From this point forward you will need to use
          <command>mysql -u root -p</command> and enter
          <replaceable>new_password</replaceable> when prompted when using the
          mysql client.
          </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>If you run MySQL on the same machine as your httpd server, you
          should consider disabling networking from within MySQL by adding
          the following to your <filename>/etc/my.conf</filename>:
          </para>
          <programlisting>
[myslqd]
# Prevent network access to MySQL.
skip-networking
          </programlisting>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>You may also consider running MySQL, or even all of Bugzilla
          in a chroot jail; however, instructions for doing that are beyond
          the scope of this document.
          </para>
        </listitem>

      </orderedlist>

    </section>

    <section id="security-daemon">
      <title>Daemon Accounts</title>

      <para>Many daemons, such as Apache's httpd and MySQL's mysqld default to
      running as either <quote>root</quote> or <quote>nobody</quote>. Running
      as <quote>root</quote> introduces obvious security problems, but the
      problems introduced by running everything as <quote>nobody</quote> may
      not be so obvious. Basically, if you're running every daemon as
      <quote>nobody</quote> and one of them gets compromised, they all get
      compromised. For this reason it is recommended that you create a user
      account for each daemon.
      </para>

      <note>
        <para>You will need to set the <varname>webservergroup</varname> to
        the group you created for your webserver to run as in
        <filename>localconfig</filename>. This will allow
        <command>./checksetup.pl</command> to better adjust the file
        permissions on your Bugzilla install so as to not require making
        anything world-writable.
        </para>
      </note>

    </section>

    <section id="security-access">
      <title>Web Server Access Controls</title>

      <para>There are many files that are placed in the Bugzilla directory
      area that should not be accessable from the web. Because of the way
      Bugzilla is currently laid out, the list of what should and should
      not be accessible is rather complicated.
      </para>
      
      <para>Users of Apache don't need to worry about this, however, because
      Bugzilla ships with .htaccess files which restrict access to all the
      sensitive files in this section. Users of other webservers, read on.
      </para>

      <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
        <listitem>
          <para>In the main Bugzilla directory, you should:</para>
          <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
            <listitem>
              <para>Block:
              <simplelist type="inline">
                <member><filename>*.pl</filename></member>
                <member><filename>*localconfig*</filename></member>
                <member><filename>runtests.sh</filename></member>
              </simplelist>
              </para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>But allow:
              <simplelist type="inline">
                <member><filename>localconfig.js</filename></member>
                <member><filename>localconfig.rdf</filename></member>
              </simplelist>
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>In <filename class="directory">data</filename>:</para>
          <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
            <listitem>
              <para>Block everything</para>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>But allow:
              <simplelist type="inline">
                <member><filename>duplicates.rdf</filename></member>
              </simplelist>
              </para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>In <filename class="directory">data/webdot</filename>:</para>
          <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
            <listitem>
              <para>If you use a remote webdot server:</para>
              <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
                <listitem>
                  <para>Block everything</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                  <para>But allow
                  <simplelist type="inline">
                    <member><filename>*.dot</filename></member>
                  </simplelist>
                  only for the remote webdot server</para>
                </listitem>
              </itemizedlist>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>Otherwise, if you use a local GraphViz:</para>
              <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
                <listitem>
                  <para>Block everything</para>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                  <para>But allow:
                  <simplelist type="inline">
                    <member><filename>*.png</filename></member>
                    <member><filename>*.gif</filename></member>
                    <member><filename>*.jpg</filename></member>
                    <member><filename>*.map</filename></member>
                  </simplelist>
                  </para>
                </listitem>
              </itemizedlist>
            </listitem>
            <listitem>
              <para>And if you don't use any dot:</para>
              <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
                <listitem>
                  <para>Block everything</para>
                </listitem>
              </itemizedlist>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>In <filename class="directory">Bugzilla</filename>:</para>
          <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
            <listitem>
              <para>Block everything</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
          <para>In <filename class="directory">template</filename>:</para>
          <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
            <listitem>
              <para>Block everything</para>
            </listitem>
          </itemizedlist>
        </listitem>
      </itemizedlist>

      <para>You should test to make sure that the files mentioned above are
      not accessible from the Internet, especially your
      <filename>localconfig</filename> file which contains your database
      password. To test, simply point your web browser at the file; for
      example, to test mozilla.org's installation, we'd try to access
      <ulink url="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/localconfig"/>. You should
      get a <errorcode>403</errorcode> <errorname>Forbidden</errorname>
      error.
      </para>

      <caution>
        <para>Not following the instructions in this section, including
        testing, may result in sensitive information being globally
        accessible.
        </para>
      </caution>

      <tip>
        <para>You should check <xref linkend="http"/> to see if instructions
        have been included for your web server. You should also compare those
        instructions with this list to make sure everything is properly
        accounted for.
        </para>
      </tip>

    </section>

  </section>

  <section id="troubleshooting">
    <title>Troubleshooting</title>
    
    <para>This section gives solutions to common Bugzilla installation
    problems.
    </para>
    
    <section>
      <title>Bundle::Bugzilla makes me upgrade to Perl 5.6.1</title>

      <para>
      Try executing <command>perl -MCPAN -e 'install CPAN'</command>
      and then continuing.
      </para>
      
      <para>
      Certain older versions of the CPAN toolset were somewhat naive about how
      to upgrade Perl modules. When a couple of modules got rolled into the core
      Perl distribution for 5.6.1, CPAN thought that the best way to get those
      modules up to date was to haul down the Perl distribution itself and
      build it. Needless to say, this has caused headaches for just about
      everybody. Upgrading to a newer version of CPAN with the
      commandline above should fix things.
      </para>
    </section>


    <section>
      <title>DBD::Sponge::db prepare failed</title>
      
      <para>
        The following error message may appear due to a bug in DBD::mysql
        (over which the Bugzilla team have no control):
      </para>
      
<programlisting><![CDATA[ DBD::Sponge::db prepare failed: Cannot determine NUM_OF_FIELDS at D:/Perl/site/lib/DBD/mysql.pm line 248.
  SV = NULL(0x0) at 0x20fc444
  REFCNT = 1
  FLAGS = (PADBUSY,PADMY)
]]></programlisting>

      <para>
        To fix this, go to 
        <filename>&lt;path-to-perl&gt;/lib/DBD/sponge.pm</filename> 
        in your Perl installation and replace
      </para>
        
<programlisting><![CDATA[ my $numFields;
 if ($attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'}) {
     $numFields = $attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'};
 } elsif ($attribs->{'NAME'}) {
     $numFields = @{$attribs->{NAME}};
]]></programlisting>

      <para>
        by
      </para>

<programlisting><![CDATA[ my $numFields;
 if ($attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'}) {
     $numFields = $attribs->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'};
 } elsif ($attribs->{'NAMES'}) {
     $numFields = @{$attribs->{NAMES}};
]]></programlisting>

      <para>
        (note the S added to NAME.)      
      </para>
    </section>
    
    <section id="paranoid-security">
      <title>cannot chdir(/var/spool/mqueue)</title>

      <para>If you are installing Bugzilla on SuSE Linux, or some other
      distributions with 
      <quote>paranoid</quote>
      security options, it is possible that the checksetup.pl script may fail
      with the error: 
<programlisting><![CDATA[cannot chdir(/var/spool/mqueue): Permission denied
]]></programlisting>
      </para>
      
      <para>
      This is because your 
      <filename>/var/spool/mqueue</filename>
      directory has a mode of 
      <quote>drwx------</quote>. Type 
      <command>chmod 755 
      <filename>/var/spool/mqueue</filename>
      </command>
      as root to fix this problem.
      </para>
    </section>    

    <section id="trouble-filetemp">
      <title>Your vendor has not defined Fcntl macro O_NOINHERIT</title>

      <para>This is caused by a bug in the version of
      <productname>File::Temp</productname> that is distributed with perl
      5.6.0. Many minor variations of this error have been reported. Examples
      can be found in <xref linkend="trouble-filetemp-errors"/>.
      </para>

      <figure id="trouble-filetemp-errors">
        <title>Other File::Temp error messages</title>

        <programlisting>
Your vendor has not defined Fcntl macro O_NOINHERIT, used 
at /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0/File/Temp.pm line 208.

Your vendor has not defined Fcntl macro O_EXLOCK, used 
at /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0/File/Temp.pm line 210.

Your vendor has not defined Fcntl macro O_TEMPORARY, used 
at /usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.6.0/File/Temp.pm line 233.
        </programlisting>
      </figure>

      <para>Numerous people have reported that upgrading to version 5.6.1
      or higher solved the problem for them. A less involved fix is to apply
      the patch in <xref linkend="trouble-filetemp-patch"/>. The patch is also
      available as a <ulink url="../xml/filetemp.patch">patch file</ulink>.
      </para>

      <figure id="trouble-filetemp-patch">
        <title>Patch for File::Temp in Perl 5.6.0</title>

        <programlisting><![CDATA[
--- File/Temp.pm.orig   Thu Feb  6 16:26:00 2003
+++ File/Temp.pm        Thu Feb  6 16:26:23 2003
@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@
     # eg CGI::Carp
     local $SIG{__DIE__} = sub {};
     local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
+    local *CORE::GLOBAL::die = sub {};
     $bit = &$func();
     1;
   };
@@ -226,6 +227,7 @@
     # eg CGI::Carp
     local $SIG{__DIE__} = sub {};
     local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {};
+    local *CORE::GLOBAL::die = sub {};
     $bit = &$func();
     1;
   };
        ]]></programlisting>
      </figure>
    </section>
  </section>
</chapter>

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