[ci skip] Change some log messages' level

'Class Loaded' type of messages flood log files when
log_threshold is set to 2 (debug). They're now logged
as 'info' level.

This is manually applying PR #1528, which was created
to do the same thing, but became outdated.

40 files changed, 54 insertions, 52 deletions

diff --git a/system/core/Config.php b/system/core/Config.php
index d5ce91f48..3828fae65 100644
--- a/system/core/Config.php
+++ b/system/core/Config.php
@@ -72,6 +72,8 @@ class CI_Config {
 	 */
 	public $_config_paths =	array(APPPATH);
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	/**
 	 * Class constructor
 	 *
@@ -82,7 +84,6 @@ class CI_Config {
 	public function __construct()
 	{
 		$this->config =& get_config();
-		log_message('debug', 'Config Class Initialized');
 
 		// Set the base_url automatically if none was provided
 		if (empty($this->config['base_url']))
@@ -101,6 +102,8 @@ class CI_Config {
 
 			$this->set_item('base_url', $base_url);
 		}
+
+		log_message('info', 'Config Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/core/Controller.php b/system/core/Controller.php
index 06005b058..4ad10fc2f 100644
--- a/system/core/Controller.php
+++ b/system/core/Controller.php
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class CI_Controller {
 
 		$this->load =& load_class('Loader', 'core');
 		$this->load->initialize();
-		log_message('debug', 'Controller Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Controller Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/core/Hooks.php b/system/core/Hooks.php
index 429d6bceb..a55b38aaa 100644
--- a/system/core/Hooks.php
+++ b/system/core/Hooks.php
@@ -88,8 +88,7 @@ class CI_Hooks {
 	public function __construct()
 	{
 		$CFG =& load_class('Config', 'core');
-
-		log_message('debug', 'Hooks Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Hooks Class Initialized');
 
 		// If hooks are not enabled in the config file
 		// there is nothing else to do
diff --git a/system/core/Input.php b/system/core/Input.php
index 358417c79..1816a2014 100644
--- a/system/core/Input.php
+++ b/system/core/Input.php
@@ -123,8 +123,6 @@ class CI_Input {
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
-		log_message('debug', 'Input Class Initialized');
-
 		$this->_allow_get_array		= (config_item('allow_get_array') === TRUE);
 		$this->_enable_xss		= (config_item('global_xss_filtering') === TRUE);
 		$this->_enable_csrf		= (config_item('csrf_protection') === TRUE);
@@ -140,6 +138,8 @@ class CI_Input {
 
 		// Sanitize global arrays
 		$this->_sanitize_globals();
+
+		log_message('info', 'Input Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/core/Lang.php b/system/core/Lang.php
index fe1dc1a9d..3213478ca 100644
--- a/system/core/Lang.php
+++ b/system/core/Lang.php
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class CI_Lang {
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
-		log_message('debug', 'Language Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Language Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ class CI_Lang {
 		$this->is_loaded[$langfile] = $idiom;
 		$this->language = array_merge($this->language, $lang);
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Language file loaded: language/'.$idiom.'/'.$langfile);
+		log_message('info', 'Language file loaded: language/'.$idiom.'/'.$langfile);
 		return TRUE;
 	}
 
diff --git a/system/core/Loader.php b/system/core/Loader.php
index d930dbfa8..cce1b1277 100644
--- a/system/core/Loader.php
+++ b/system/core/Loader.php
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class CI_Loader {
 		$this->_ci_ob_level = ob_get_level();
 		$this->_ci_classes =& is_loaded();
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Loader Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Loader Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ class CI_Loader {
 
 				include_once($base_helper);
 				$this->_ci_helpers[$helper] = TRUE;
-				log_message('debug', 'Helper loaded: '.$helper);
+				log_message('info', 'Helper loaded: '.$helper);
 				continue;
 			}
 
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ class CI_Loader {
 					include_once($path.'helpers/'.$helper.'.php');
 
 					$this->_ci_helpers[$helper] = TRUE;
-					log_message('debug', 'Helper loaded: '.$helper);
+					log_message('info', 'Helper loaded: '.$helper);
 					break;
 				}
 			}
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ class CI_Loader {
 			include($_ci_path); // include() vs include_once() allows for multiple views with the same name
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'File loaded: '.$_ci_path);
+		log_message('info', 'File loaded: '.$_ci_path);
 
 		// Return the file data if requested
 		if ($_ci_return === TRUE)
diff --git a/system/core/Model.php b/system/core/Model.php
index 1cb00f742..d1487b611 100644
--- a/system/core/Model.php
+++ b/system/core/Model.php
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class CI_Model {
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
-		log_message('debug', 'Model Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Model Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/core/Output.php b/system/core/Output.php
index beac6b377..6b9a33d31 100644
--- a/system/core/Output.php
+++ b/system/core/Output.php
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class CI_Output {
 		// Get mime types for later
 		$this->mimes =& get_mimes();
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Output Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Output Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ class CI_Output {
 			}
 
 			echo $output;
-			log_message('debug', 'Final output sent to browser');
+			log_message('info', 'Final output sent to browser');
 			log_message('debug', 'Total execution time: '.$elapsed);
 			return;
 		}
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ class CI_Output {
 			echo $output; // Send it to the browser!
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Final output sent to browser');
+		log_message('info', 'Final output sent to browser');
 		log_message('debug', 'Total execution time: '.$elapsed);
 	}
 
diff --git a/system/core/Router.php b/system/core/Router.php
index b21335fc2..c7acad074 100644
--- a/system/core/Router.php
+++ b/system/core/Router.php
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class CI_Router {
 			}
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Router Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Router Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/core/Security.php b/system/core/Security.php
index 2bf0f6284..4f5d9540d 100644
--- a/system/core/Security.php
+++ b/system/core/Security.php
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 
 		$this->charset = strtoupper(config_item('charset'));
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Security Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Security Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 		$this->_csrf_set_hash();
 		$this->csrf_set_cookie();
 
-		log_message('debug', 'CSRF token verified');
+		log_message('info', 'CSRF token verified');
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 			$secure_cookie,
 			config_item('cookie_httponly')
 		);
-		log_message('debug', 'CRSF cookie Set');
+		log_message('info', 'CRSF cookie sent');
 
 		return $this;
 	}
@@ -533,7 +533,6 @@ class CI_Security {
 			return ($str === $converted_string);
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'XSS Filtering completed');
 		return $str;
 	}
 
diff --git a/system/core/URI.php b/system/core/URI.php
index 39d1a8f30..a249e5733 100644
--- a/system/core/URI.php
+++ b/system/core/URI.php
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class CI_URI {
 			}
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'URI Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'URI Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/core/Utf8.php b/system/core/Utf8.php
index bca95c206..2611a6bb6 100644
--- a/system/core/Utf8.php
+++ b/system/core/Utf8.php
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class CI_Utf8 {
 			log_message('debug', 'UTF-8 Support Disabled');
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Utf8 Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Utf8 Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/database/DB_driver.php b/system/database/DB_driver.php
index 185f930bf..11886757f 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_driver.php
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 			}
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Database Driver Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Database Driver Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/database/DB_forge.php b/system/database/DB_forge.php
index 4ca980810..41f9bf5e2 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_forge.php
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_forge {
 	public function __construct(&$db)
 	{
 		$this->db =& $db;
-		log_message('debug', 'Database Forge Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Database Forge Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/database/DB_utility.php b/system/database/DB_utility.php
index 963080fbb..4bf94d4dc 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_utility.php
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_utility {
 	public function __construct(&$db)
 	{
 		$this->db =& $db;
-		log_message('debug', 'Database Utility Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Database Utility Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Calendar.php b/system/libraries/Calendar.php
index e6ca225bf..fcca163a5 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Calendar.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Calendar.php
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 
 		empty($config) OR $this->initialize($config);
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Calendar Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Calendar Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cart.php b/system/libraries/Cart.php
index a0fe1053d..2fffd9a76 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cart.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cart.php
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 			$this->_cart_contents = array('cart_total' => 0, 'total_items' => 0);
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Cart Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Cart Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Email.php b/system/libraries/Email.php
index c042aaade..f8a89c344 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Email.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Email.php
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		$this->_safe_mode = ( ! is_php('5.4') && ini_get('safe_mode'));
 		$this->charset = strtoupper($this->charset);
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Email Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Email Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Encrypt.php b/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
index 45b3027eb..f527a9943 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 			show_error('The Encrypt library requires the Mcrypt extension.');
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Encrypt Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Encrypt Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Encryption.php b/system/libraries/Encryption.php
index ef67b4cd5..95b183a3a 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Encryption.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Encryption.php
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class CI_Encryption {
 			$this->_key = $key;
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Encryption Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Encryption Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ class CI_Encryption {
 
 			if ($this->_handle = mcrypt_module_open($this->_cipher, '', $this->_mode, ''))
 			{
-				log_message('debug', 'Encryption: MCrypt cipher '.strtoupper($this->_cipher).' initialized in '.strtoupper($this->_mode).' mode.');
+				log_message('info', 'Encryption: MCrypt cipher '.strtoupper($this->_cipher).' initialized in '.strtoupper($this->_mode).' mode.');
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ class CI_Encryption {
 			else
 			{
 				$this->_handle = $handle;
-				log_message('debug', 'Encryption: OpenSSL initialized with method '.strtoupper($handle).'.');
+				log_message('info', 'Encryption: OpenSSL initialized with method '.strtoupper($handle).'.');
 			}
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/system/libraries/Form_validation.php b/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
index f731544b1..7c9561c07 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 		// Automatically load the form helper
 		$this->CI->load->helper('form');
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Form Validation Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Form Validation Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Ftp.php b/system/libraries/Ftp.php
index f6279cfc5..4794d75c1 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Ftp.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Ftp.php
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	public function __construct($config = array())
 	{
 		empty($config) OR $this->initialize($config);
-		log_message('debug', 'FTP Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'FTP Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Image_lib.php b/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
index 529532e60..9ad0dd5b6 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			$this->initialize($props);
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Image Lib Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Image Lib Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Javascript.php b/system/libraries/Javascript.php
index 94586c069..f0ffa142b 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Javascript.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Javascript.php
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 		// make js to refer to current library
 		$this->js =& $this->CI->$js_library_driver;
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Javascript Class Initialized and loaded. Driver used: '.$js_library_driver);
+		log_message('info', 'Javascript Class Initialized and loaded. Driver used: '.$js_library_driver);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Javascript/Jquery.php b/system/libraries/Javascript/Jquery.php
index 1c6331f6b..a44a9f5d6 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Javascript/Jquery.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Javascript/Jquery.php
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 			$this->script();
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Jquery Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Jquery Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Migration.php b/system/libraries/Migration.php
index f46d45f5a..a2dce1371 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Migration.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Migration.php
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ class CI_Migration {
 			$this->{'_'.$key} = $val;
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Migrations class initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Migrations Class Initialized');
 
 		// Are they trying to use migrations while it is disabled?
 		if ($this->_migration_enabled !== TRUE)
diff --git a/system/libraries/Pagination.php b/system/libraries/Pagination.php
index 1081fbec7..6c8366435 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Pagination.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Pagination.php
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ class CI_Pagination {
 		}
 
 		$this->initialize($params);
-		log_message('debug', 'Pagination Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Pagination Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Parser.php b/system/libraries/Parser.php
index 5a2024955..418dd38d6 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Parser.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Parser.php
@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ class CI_Parser {
 	public function __construct()
 	{
 		$this->CI =& get_instance();
+		log_message('info', 'Parser Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Profiler.php b/system/libraries/Profiler.php
index 9a4e833cc..d3f5d8de2 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Profiler.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Profiler.php
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 		}
 
 		$this->set_sections($config);
+		log_message('info', 'Profiler Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session/Session.php b/system/libraries/Session/Session.php
index 5c61002a6..bc4a5ca1c 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Session/Session.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session/Session.php
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 
 		$this->_ci_init_vars();
 
-		log_message('debug', "Session: Class initialized using '".$this->_driver."' driver.");
+		log_message('info', "Session: Class initialized using '".$this->_driver."' driver.");
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Table.php b/system/libraries/Table.php
index 118536f88..a1496a514 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Table.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Table.php
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class CI_Table {
 			$this->template[$key] = $val;
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Table Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Table Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Trackback.php b/system/libraries/Trackback.php
index 3284923fd..9992fb417 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Trackback.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Trackback.php
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
-		log_message('debug', 'Trackback Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Trackback Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Unit_test.php b/system/libraries/Unit_test.php
index 6137673c0..0b8bcd7c4 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Unit_test.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Unit_test.php
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class CI_Unit_test {
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
-		log_message('debug', 'Unit Testing Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Unit Testing Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Upload.php b/system/libraries/Upload.php
index e022c43d4..3b0e044ae 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Upload.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Upload.php
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ class CI_Upload {
 		$this->_mimes =& get_mimes();
 		$this->_CI =& get_instance();
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Upload Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Upload Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/User_agent.php b/system/libraries/User_agent.php
index 04e1a59ba..242bedbb6 100644
--- a/system/libraries/User_agent.php
+++ b/system/libraries/User_agent.php
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 			$this->_compile_data();
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'User Agent Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'User Agent Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php b/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php
index 5ecebaf6d..9f5e20468 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 
 		$this->initialize($config);
 
-		log_message('debug', 'XML-RPC Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'XML-RPC Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php b/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
index f786b2323..2ab862737 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc {
 			$this->methods = array_merge($this->methods, $config['functions']);
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'XML-RPC Server Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'XML-RPC Server Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Zip.php b/system/libraries/Zip.php
index cee5d8d76..555e9aedf 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Zip.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Zip.php
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class CI_Zip {
 	public function __construct()
 	{
 		$this->now = time();
-		log_message('debug', 'Zip Compression Class Initialized');
+		log_message('info', 'Zip Compression Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/changelog.rst b/user_guide_src/source/changelog.rst
index 73a183b6c..2a61dd2bd 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/changelog.rst
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ Release Date: Not Released
    -  Added support for turning newline standardization on/off via ``$config['standardize_newlines']`` and set it to FALSE by default.
    -  Added configuration setting ``$config['composer_autoload']`` to enable loading of a `Composer <https://getcomposer.org/>`_ auto-loader.
    -  Removed the automatic conversion of 'programmatic characters' to HTML entities from the :doc:`URI Library <libraries/uri>`.
+   -  Changed log messages that say a class or file was loaded to "info" level instead of "debug", so that they don't pollute log files when ``$config['log_threshold']`` is set to 2 (debug).
 
 -  Helpers
 
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/general/errors.rst b/user_guide_src/source/general/errors.rst
index 26c26bea1..721c78ca7 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/general/errors.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/general/errors.rst
@@ -101,9 +101,7 @@ There are three message types:
    example, if a class has been initialized, you could log this as
    debugging info.
 #. Informational Messages. These are the lowest priority messages,
-   simply giving information regarding some process. CodeIgniter doesn't
-   natively generate any info messages but you may want to in your
-   application.
+   simply giving information regarding some process.
 
 .. note:: In order for the log file to actually be written, the *logs*
 	directory must be writable. In addition, you must set the "threshold"