Merge upstream branch

40 files changed, 606 insertions, 948 deletions

diff --git a/system/database/DB.php b/system/database/DB.php
index b28439b29..00d14b43e 100755
--- a/system/database/DB.php
+++ b/system/database/DB.php
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ function &DB($params = '', $query_builder_override = NULL)
 			show_error('No database connection settings were found in the database config file.');
 		}
 
-		if ($params != '')
+		if ($params !== '')
 		{
 			$active_group = $params;
 		}
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ function &DB($params = '', $query_builder_override = NULL)
 	}
 
 	// No DB specified yet? Beat them senseless...
-	if ( ! isset($params['dbdriver']) OR $params['dbdriver'] == '')
+	if (empty($params['dbdriver']))
 	{
 		show_error('You have not selected a database type to connect to.');
 	}
@@ -118,10 +118,17 @@ function &DB($params = '', $query_builder_override = NULL)
 	{
 		$query_builder = $query_builder_override;
 	}
+	// Backwards compatibility work-around for keeping the
+	// $active_record config variable working. Should be
+	// removed in v3.1
+	elseif ( ! isset($query_builder) && isset($active_record))
+	{
+		$query_builder = $active_record;
+	}
 
 	require_once(BASEPATH.'database/DB_driver.php');
 
-	if ( ! isset($query_builder) OR $query_builder == TRUE)
+	if ( ! isset($query_builder) OR $query_builder === TRUE)
 	{
 		require_once(BASEPATH.'database/DB_query_builder.php');
 		if ( ! class_exists('CI_DB'))
@@ -145,12 +152,12 @@ function &DB($params = '', $query_builder_override = NULL)
 	$driver = 'CI_DB_'.$params['dbdriver'].'_driver';
 	$DB = new $driver($params);
 
-	if ($DB->autoinit == TRUE)
+	if ($DB->autoinit === TRUE)
 	{
 		$DB->initialize();
 	}
 
-	if (isset($params['stricton']) && $params['stricton'] == TRUE)
+	if ( ! empty($params['stricton']))
 	{
 		$DB->query('SET SESSION sql_mode="STRICT_ALL_TABLES"');
 	}
@@ -159,4 +166,4 @@ function &DB($params = '', $query_builder_override = NULL)
 }
 
 /* End of file DB.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/DB_cache.php b/system/database/DB_cache.php
index ff942856b..ba9110382 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_cache.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_cache.php
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ class CI_DB_Cache {
 	 */
 	public function check_path($path = '')
 	{
-		if ($path == '')
+		if ($path === '')
 		{
-			if ($this->db->cachedir == '')
+			if ($this->db->cachedir === '')
 			{
 				return $this->db->cache_off();
 			}
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class CI_DB_Cache {
 		$segment_two = ($this->CI->uri->segment(2) == FALSE) ? 'index' : $this->CI->uri->segment(2);
 		$filepath = $this->db->cachedir.$segment_one.'+'.$segment_two.'/'.md5($sql);
 
-		if (FALSE === ($cachedata = read_file($filepath)))
+		if (FALSE === ($cachedata = file_get_contents($filepath)))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -154,12 +154,12 @@ class CI_DB_Cache {
 	 */
 	public function delete($segment_one = '', $segment_two = '')
 	{
-		if ($segment_one == '')
+		if ($segment_one === '')
 		{
 			$segment_one  = ($this->CI->uri->segment(1) == FALSE) ? 'default' : $this->CI->uri->segment(1);
 		}
 
-		if ($segment_two == '')
+		if ($segment_two === '')
 		{
 			$segment_two = ($this->CI->uri->segment(2) == FALSE) ? 'index' : $this->CI->uri->segment(2);
 		}
diff --git a/system/database/DB_driver.php b/system/database/DB_driver.php
index ef77b594e..39c19cdf7 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_driver.php
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 		// ----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 		// Connect to the database and set the connection ID
-		$this->conn_id = ($this->pconnect == FALSE) ? $this->db_connect() : $this->db_pconnect();
+		$this->conn_id = ($this->pconnect === FALSE) ? $this->db_connect() : $this->db_pconnect();
 
 		// No connection resource? Check if there is a failover else throw an error
 		if ( ! $this->conn_id)
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 					}
 
 					// Try to connect
-					$this->conn_id = ($this->pconnect == FALSE) ? $this->db_connect() : $this->db_pconnect();
+					$this->conn_id = ($this->pconnect === FALSE) ? $this->db_connect() : $this->db_pconnect();
 
 					// If a connection is made break the foreach loop
 					if ($this->conn_id)
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function query($sql, $binds = FALSE, $return_object = TRUE)
 	{
-		if ($sql == '')
+		if ($sql === '')
 		{
 			log_message('error', 'Invalid query: '.$sql);
 
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		// Verify table prefix and replace if necessary
-		if ($this->dbprefix != '' && $this->swap_pre != '' && $this->dbprefix != $this->swap_pre)
+		if ($this->dbprefix !== '' && $this->swap_pre !== '' && $this->dbprefix !== $this->swap_pre)
 		{
 			$sql = preg_replace('/(\W)'.$this->swap_pre.'(\S+?)/', '\\1'.$this->dbprefix.'\\2', $sql);
 		}
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 		// Is query caching enabled? If the query is a "read type"
 		// we will load the caching class and return the previously
 		// cached query if it exists
-		if ($this->cache_on == TRUE && stripos($sql, 'SELECT') !== FALSE && $this->_cache_init())
+		if ($this->cache_on === TRUE && stripos($sql, 'SELECT') !== FALSE && $this->_cache_init())
 		{
 			$this->load_rdriver();
 			if (FALSE !== ($cache = $this->CACHE->read($sql)))
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		// Save the  query for debugging
-		if ($this->save_queries == TRUE)
+		if ($this->save_queries === TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->queries[] = $sql;
 		}
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 		// Run the Query
 		if (FALSE === ($this->result_id = $this->simple_query($sql)))
 		{
-			if ($this->save_queries == TRUE)
+			if ($this->save_queries === TRUE)
 			{
 				$this->query_times[] = 0;
 			}
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 		$time_end = microtime(TRUE);
 		$this->benchmark += $time_end - $time_start;
 
-		if ($this->save_queries == TRUE)
+		if ($this->save_queries === TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->query_times[] = $time_end - $time_start;
 		}
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 		{
 			// If caching is enabled we'll auto-cleanup any
 			// existing files related to this particular URI
-			if ($this->cache_on == TRUE && $this->cache_autodel == TRUE && $this->_cache_init())
+			if ($this->cache_on === TRUE && $this->cache_autodel === TRUE && $this->_cache_init())
 			{
 				$this->CACHE->delete();
 			}
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 
 		// Is query caching enabled? If so, we'll serialize the
 		// result object and save it to a cache file.
-		if ($this->cache_on == TRUE && $this->_cache_init())
+		if ($this->cache_on === TRUE && $this->_cache_init())
 		{
 			// We'll create a new instance of the result object
 			// only without the platform specific driver since
@@ -742,6 +742,35 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * "Count All" query
+	 *
+	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
+	 * the specified database
+	 *
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	int
+	 */
+	public function count_all($table = '')
+	{
+		if ($table === '')
+		{
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string.$this->escape_identifiers('numrows').' FROM '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
+		if ($query->num_rows() === 0)
+		{
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		$query = $query->row();
+		$this->_reset_select();
+		return (int) $query->numrows;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Returns an array of table names
 	 *
 	 * @return	array
@@ -821,7 +850,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 			return $this->data_cache['field_names'][$table];
 		}
 
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table === '')
 		{
 			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_field_param_missing') : FALSE;
 		}
@@ -889,7 +918,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function field_data($table = '')
 	{
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table === '')
 		{
 			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_field_param_missing') : FALSE;
 		}
@@ -910,7 +939,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function escape_identifiers($item)
 	{
-		if ($this->_escape_char == '')
+		if ($this->_escape_char === '')
 		{
 			return $item;
 		}
@@ -969,7 +998,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function update_string($table, $data, $where)
 	{
-		if ($where == '')
+		if ($where === '')
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -989,7 +1018,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 			$dest = array();
 			foreach ($where as $key => $val)
 			{
-				$prefix = (count($dest) == 0) ? '' : ' AND ';
+				$prefix = (count($dest) === 0) ? '' : ' AND ';
 				$key = $this->protect_identifiers($key);
 
 				if ($val !== '')
@@ -1033,7 +1062,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function call_function($function)
 	{
-		$driver = ($this->dbdriver == 'postgre') ? 'pg_' : $this->dbdriver.'_';
+		$driver = ($this->dbdriver === 'postgre') ? 'pg_' : $this->dbdriver.'_';
 
 		if (FALSE === strpos($driver, $function))
 		{
@@ -1152,7 +1181,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 	{
 		if ($this->conn_id)
 		{
-			$this->_close($this->conn_id);
+			$this->_close();
 			$this->conn_id = FALSE;
 		}
 	}
@@ -1160,6 +1189,20 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Close DB Connection
+	 *
+	 * This method would be overriden by most of the drivers.
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
+	 */
+	protected function _close()
+	{
+		$this->conn_id = FALSE;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Display an error message
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	the error message
@@ -1174,7 +1217,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 
 		$heading = $LANG->line('db_error_heading');
 
-		if ($native == TRUE)
+		if ($native === TRUE)
 		{
 			$message = (array) $error;
 		}
@@ -1302,7 +1345,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 			}
 
 			// Is there a table prefix defined in the config file? If not, no need to do anything
-			if ($this->dbprefix != '')
+			if ($this->dbprefix !== '')
 			{
 				// We now add the table prefix based on some logic.
 				// Do we have 4 segments (hostname.database.table.column)?
@@ -1326,13 +1369,13 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 
 				// This flag is set when the supplied $item does not contain a field name.
 				// This can happen when this function is being called from a JOIN.
-				if ($field_exists == FALSE)
+				if ($field_exists === FALSE)
 				{
 					$i++;
 				}
 
 				// Verify table prefix and replace if necessary
-				if ($this->swap_pre != '' && strpos($parts[$i], $this->swap_pre) === 0)
+				if ($this->swap_pre !== '' && strpos($parts[$i], $this->swap_pre) === 0)
 				{
 					$parts[$i] = preg_replace('/^'.$this->swap_pre.'(\S+?)/', $this->dbprefix.'\\1', $parts[$i]);
 				}
@@ -1355,15 +1398,15 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		// Is there a table prefix? If not, no need to insert it
-		if ($this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($this->dbprefix !== '')
 		{
 			// Verify table prefix and replace if necessary
-			if ($this->swap_pre != '' && strpos($item, $this->swap_pre) === 0)
+			if ($this->swap_pre !== '' && strpos($item, $this->swap_pre) === 0)
 			{
 				$item = preg_replace('/^'.$this->swap_pre.'(\S+?)/', $this->dbprefix.'\\1', $item);
 			}
 			// Do we prefix an item with no segments?
-			elseif ($prefix_single == TRUE && strpos($item, $this->dbprefix) !== 0)
+			elseif ($prefix_single === TRUE && strpos($item, $this->dbprefix) !== 0)
 			{
 				$item = $this->dbprefix.$item;
 			}
@@ -1381,8 +1424,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 
 	/**
 	 * Dummy method that allows Query Builder class to be disabled
-	 *
-	 * This function is used extensively by every db driver.
+	 * and keep count_all() working.
 	 *
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
@@ -1393,4 +1435,4 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 }
 
 /* End of file DB_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/DB_forge.php b/system/database/DB_forge.php
index a519575f0..ff5eb3fe6 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_forge.php
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_forge {
 	 */
 	public function drop_database($db_name)
 	{
-		if ($db_name == '')
+		if ($db_name === '')
 		{
 			show_error('A table name is required for that operation.');
 			return FALSE;
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_forge {
 			return;
 		}
 
-		if ($key == '')
+		if ($key === '')
 		{
 			show_error('Key information is required for that operation.');
 		}
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_forge {
 	 */
 	public function add_field($field = '')
 	{
-		if ($field == '')
+		if ($field === '')
 		{
 			show_error('Field information is required.');
 		}
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_forge {
 	 */
 	public function create_table($table = '', $if_not_exists = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table === '')
 		{
 			show_error('A table name is required for that operation.');
 		}
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_forge {
 	 */
 	public function drop_table($table_name)
 	{
-		if ($table_name == '')
+		if ($table_name === '')
 		{
 			return ($this->db->db_debug) ? $this->db->display_error('db_table_name_required') : FALSE;
 		}
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_forge {
 	 */
 	public function rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
 	{
-		if ($table_name == '' OR $new_table_name == '')
+		if ($table_name === '' OR $new_table_name === '')
 		{
 			show_error('A table name is required for that operation.');
 			return FALSE;
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_forge {
 	 */
 	public function add_column($table = '', $field = array(), $after_field = '')
 	{
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table === '')
 		{
 			show_error('A table name is required for that operation.');
 		}
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_forge {
 		{
 			$this->add_field(array($k => $field[$k]));
 
-			if (count($this->fields) == 0)
+			if (count($this->fields) === 0)
 			{
 				show_error('Field information is required.');
 			}
@@ -312,12 +312,12 @@ abstract class CI_DB_forge {
 	 */
 	public function drop_column($table = '', $column_name = '')
 	{
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table === '')
 		{
 			show_error('A table name is required for that operation.');
 		}
 
-		if ($column_name == '')
+		if ($column_name === '')
 		{
 			show_error('A column name is required for that operation.');
 		}
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_forge {
 	 */
 	public function modify_column($table = '', $field = array())
 	{
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table === '')
 		{
 			show_error('A table name is required for that operation.');
 		}
diff --git a/system/database/DB_query_builder.php b/system/database/DB_query_builder.php
index d0af66de1..7a0ea0c30 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_query_builder.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_query_builder.php
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 		{
 			$val = trim($val);
 
-			if ($val != '')
+			if ($val !== '')
 			{
 				$this->qb_select[] = $val;
 				$this->qb_no_escape[] = $escape;
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	protected function _max_min_avg_sum($select = '', $alias = '', $type = 'MAX')
 	{
-		if ( ! is_string($select) OR $select == '')
+		if ( ! is_string($select) OR $select === '')
 		{
 			$this->display_error('db_invalid_query');
 		}
@@ -206,13 +206,13 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 			show_error('Invalid function type: '.$type);
 		}
 
-		if ($alias == '')
+		if ($alias === '')
 		{
 			$alias = $this->_create_alias_from_table(trim($select));
 		}
 
-		$sql = $this->protect_identifiers($type.'('.trim($select).')').' AS '.$this->protect_identifiers(trim($alias));
-		
+		$sql = $this->protect_identifiers($type.'('.trim($select).')').' AS '.$this->escape_identifiers(trim($alias));
+
 		$this->qb_select[] = $sql;
 		$this->qb_no_escape[] = NULL;
 
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function distinct($val = TRUE)
 	{
-		$this->qb_distinct = (is_bool($val)) ? $val : TRUE;
+		$this->qb_distinct = is_bool($val) ? $val : TRUE;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function from($from)
 	{
-		foreach ((array)$from as $val)
+		foreach ((array) $from as $val)
 		{
 			if (strpos($val, ',') !== FALSE)
 			{
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function join($table, $cond, $type = '')
 	{
-		if ($type != '')
+		if ($type !== '')
 		{
 			$type = strtoupper(trim($type));
 
@@ -675,23 +675,23 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 			if ($side === 'none')
 			{
-				$like_statement = $prefix." $k $not LIKE '{$v}'";
+				$like_statement = "{$prefix} $k $not LIKE '{$v}'";
 			}
 			elseif ($side === 'before')
 			{
-				$like_statement = $prefix." $k $not LIKE '%{$v}'";
+				$like_statement = "{$prefix} $k $not LIKE '%{$v}'";
 			}
 			elseif ($side === 'after')
 			{
-				$like_statement = $prefix." $k $not LIKE '{$v}%'";
+				$like_statement = "{$prefix} $k $not LIKE '{$v}%'";
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$like_statement = $prefix." $k $not LIKE '%{$v}%'";
+				$like_statement = "{$prefix} $k $not LIKE '%{$v}%'";
 			}
 
 			// some platforms require an escape sequence definition for LIKE wildcards
-			if ($this->_like_escape_str != '')
+			if ($this->_like_escape_str !== '')
 			{
 				$like_statement = $like_statement.sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
 			}
@@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 		{
 			$val = trim($val);
 
-			if ($val != '')
+			if ($val !== '')
 			{
 				$this->qb_groupby[] = $val = $this->protect_identifiers($val);
 
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 				$k .= ' = ';
 			}
 
-			if ($v != '')
+			if ($v !== '')
 			{
 				$v = ' '.$this->escape($v);
 			}
@@ -941,7 +941,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$orderby = ''; // Random results want or don't need a field name
 			$direction = $this->_random_keyword;
 		}
-		elseif (trim($direction) != '')
+		elseif (trim($direction) !== '')
 		{
 			$direction = (in_array(strtoupper(trim($direction)), array('ASC', 'DESC'), TRUE)) ? ' '.$direction : ' ASC';
 		}
@@ -963,7 +963,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 			$orderby = implode(', ', $temp);
 		}
-		elseif ($direction != $this->_random_keyword)
+		elseif ($direction !== $this->_random_keyword)
 		{
 			if ($escape === TRUE)
 			{
@@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function get_compiled_select($table = '', $reset = TRUE)
 	{
-		if ($table != '')
+		if ($table !== '')
 		{
 			$this->_track_aliases($table);
 			$this->from($table);
@@ -1095,7 +1095,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function get($table = '', $limit = null, $offset = null)
 	{
-		if ($table != '')
+		if ($table !== '')
 		{
 			$this->_track_aliases($table);
 			$this->from($table);
@@ -1111,6 +1111,8 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 		return $result;
 	}
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	/**
 	 * "Count All Results" query
 	 *
@@ -1122,7 +1124,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function count_all_results($table = '')
 	{
-		if ($table != '')
+		if ($table !== '')
 		{
 			$this->_track_aliases($table);
 			$this->from($table);
@@ -1139,6 +1141,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 		$row = $result->row();
 		return (int) $row->numrows;
 	}
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -1153,7 +1156,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function get_where($table = '', $where = null, $limit = null, $offset = null)
 	{
-		if ($table != '')
+		if ($table !== '')
 		{
 			$this->from($table);
 		}
@@ -1201,7 +1204,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table === '')
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
 			{
@@ -1401,16 +1404,13 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_use_set') : FALSE;
 		}
 
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table !== '')
 		{
-			if ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
-			{
-				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
-			}
+			$this->qb_from[0] = $table;
 		}
-		else
+		elseif ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
 		{
-			$this->qb_from[0] = $table;
+			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 		}
 
 		return TRUE;
@@ -1439,7 +1439,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_use_set') : FALSE;
 		}
 
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table === '')
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
 			{
@@ -1530,7 +1530,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		if ($where != NULL)
+		if ($where !== NULL)
 		{
 			$this->where($where);
 		}
@@ -1595,21 +1595,18 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	protected function _validate_update($table = '')
 	{
-		if (count($this->qb_set) == 0)
+		if (count($this->qb_set) === 0)
 		{
 			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_use_set') : FALSE;
 		}
 
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table !== '')
 		{
-			if ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
-			{
-				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
-			}
+			$this->qb_from[0] = $table;
 		}
-		else
+		elseif ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
 		{
-			$this->qb_from[0] = $table;
+			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 		}
 
 		return TRUE;
@@ -1647,7 +1644,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_use_set') : FALSE;
 		}
 
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table === '')
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
 			{
@@ -1692,19 +1689,15 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$clean = array();
 			foreach ($v as $k2 => $v2)
 			{
-				if ($k2 == $index)
+				if ($k2 === $index)
 				{
 					$index_set = TRUE;
 				}
-				else
-				{
-					$not[] = $k.'-'.$v;
-				}
 
 				$clean[$this->protect_identifiers($k2)] = ($escape === FALSE) ? $v2 : $this->escape($v2);
 			}
 
-			if ($index_set == FALSE)
+			if ($index_set === FALSE)
 			{
 				return $this->display_error('db_batch_missing_index');
 			}
@@ -1727,7 +1720,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function empty_table($table = '')
 	{
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table === '')
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
 			{
@@ -1760,7 +1753,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function truncate($table = '')
 	{
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table === '')
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
 			{
@@ -1834,7 +1827,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 		// Combine any cached components with the current statements
 		$this->_merge_cache();
 
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table === '')
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
 			{
@@ -1858,7 +1851,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$table = $this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
 		}
 
-		if ($where != '')
+		if ($where !== '')
 		{
 			$this->where($where);
 		}
@@ -1919,7 +1912,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function dbprefix($table = '')
 	{
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table === '')
 		{
 			$this->display_error('db_table_name_required');
 		}
@@ -2079,7 +2072,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$sql .= "\nORDER BY ".implode(', ', $this->qb_orderby);
 			if ($this->qb_order !== FALSE)
 			{
-				$sql .= ($this->qb_order == 'desc') ? ' DESC' : ' ASC';
+				$sql .= ($this->qb_order === 'desc') ? ' DESC' : ' ASC';
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -2102,7 +2095,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 * @param	object
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	public function _object_to_array($object)
+	protected function _object_to_array($object)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_object($object))
 		{
@@ -2113,7 +2106,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 		foreach (get_object_vars($object) as $key => $val)
 		{
 			// There are some built in keys we need to ignore for this conversion
-			if ( ! is_object($val) && ! is_array($val) && $key != '_parent_name')
+			if ( ! is_object($val) && ! is_array($val) && $key !== '_parent_name')
 			{
 				$array[$key] = $val;
 			}
@@ -2132,7 +2125,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 * @param	object
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	public function _object_to_array_batch($object)
+	protected function _object_to_array_batch($object)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_object($object))
 		{
diff --git a/system/database/DB_result.php b/system/database/DB_result.php
index 196febe2c..991f6ba94 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_result.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_result.php
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 			return $this->custom_result_object[$class_name];
 		}
 
-		if ($this->result_id === FALSE OR $this->num_rows() == 0)
+		if ($this->result_id === FALSE OR $this->num_rows() === 0)
 		{
 			return array();
 		}
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 		// In the event that query caching is on the result_id variable
 		// will return FALSE since there isn't a valid SQL resource so
 		// we'll simply return an empty array.
-		if ($this->result_id === FALSE OR $this->num_rows() == 0)
+		if ($this->result_id === FALSE OR $this->num_rows() === 0)
 		{
 			return array();
 		}
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 		// In the event that query caching is on the result_id variable
 		// will return FALSE since there isn't a valid SQL resource so
 		// we'll simply return an empty array.
-		if ($this->result_id === FALSE OR $this->num_rows() == 0)
+		if ($this->result_id === FALSE OR $this->num_rows() === 0)
 		{
 			return array();
 		}
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 			return;
 		}
 
-		if ($key != '' && ! is_null($value))
+		if ($key !== '' && ! is_null($value))
 		{
 			$this->row_data[$key] = $value;
 		}
@@ -242,10 +242,10 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 		$result = $this->custom_result_object($type);
 		if (count($result) === 0)
 		{
-			return $result;
+			return NULL;
 		}
 
-		if ($n != $this->current_row && isset($result[$n]))
+		if ($n !== $this->current_row && isset($result[$n]))
 		{
 			$this->current_row = $n;
 		}
@@ -253,6 +253,8 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 		return $result[$this->current_row];
 	}
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	/**
 	 * Returns a single result row - object version
 	 *
@@ -263,10 +265,10 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 		$result = $this->result_object();
 		if (count($result) === 0)
 		{
-			return $result;
+			return NULL;
 		}
 
-		if ($n != $this->current_row && isset($result[$n]))
+		if ($n !== $this->current_row && isset($result[$n]))
 		{
 			$this->current_row = $n;
 		}
@@ -286,10 +288,10 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 		$result = $this->result_array();
 		if (count($result) === 0)
 		{
-			return $result;
+			return NULL;
 		}
 
-		if ($n != $this->current_row && isset($result[$n]))
+		if ($n !== $this->current_row && isset($result[$n]))
 		{
 			$this->current_row = $n;
 		}
@@ -307,7 +309,7 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	public function first_row($type = 'object')
 	{
 		$result = $this->result($type);
-		return (count($result) === 0) ? $result : $result[0];
+		return (count($result) === 0) ? NULL : $result[0];
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -320,7 +322,7 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	public function last_row($type = 'object')
 	{
 		$result = $this->result($type);
-		return (count($result) === 0) ? $result : $result[count($result) - 1];
+		return (count($result) === 0) ? NULL : $result[count($result) - 1];
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -335,7 +337,7 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 		$result = $this->result($type);
 		if (count($result) === 0)
 		{
-			return $result;
+			return NULL;
 		}
 
 		if (isset($result[$this->current_row + 1]))
@@ -358,7 +360,7 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 		$result = $this->result($type);
 		if (count($result) === 0)
 		{
-			return $result;
+			return NULL;
 		}
 
 		if (isset($result[$this->current_row - 1]))
@@ -371,6 +373,18 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Returns an unbuffered row and move pointer to next row
+	 *
+	 * @return	mixed	either a result object or array
+	 */
+	public function unbuffered_row($type = 'object')
+	{
+		return ($type !== 'array') ? $this->_fetch_object() : $this->_fetch_assoc();
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * The following functions are normally overloaded by the identically named
 	 * methods in the platform-specific driver -- except when query caching
 	 * is used. When caching is enabled we do not load the other driver.
diff --git a/system/database/DB_utility.php b/system/database/DB_utility.php
index 587dfdc01..02c921834 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_utility.php
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 		$out = rtrim($out).$newline;
 
 		// Next blast through the result array and build out the rows
-		foreach ($query->result_array() as $row)
+		while ($row = $query->unbuffered_row('array'))
 		{
 			foreach ($row as $item)
 			{
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 
 		// Generate the result
 		$xml = '<'.$root.'>'.$newline;
-		foreach ($query->result_array() as $row)
+		while ($row = $query->unbuffered_row())
 		{
 			$xml .= $tab.'<'.$element.'>'.$newline;
 			foreach ($row as $key => $val)
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 		if ($prefs['format'] === 'zip')
 		{
 			// Set the filename if not provided (only needed with Zip files)
-			if ($prefs['filename'] == '')
+			if ($prefs['filename'] === '')
 			{
 				$prefs['filename'] = (count($prefs['tables']) === 1 ? $prefs['tables'] : $this->db->database)
 							.date('Y-m-d_H-i', time()).'.sql';
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 			$CI->zip->add_data($prefs['filename'], $this->_backup($prefs));
 			return $CI->zip->get_zip();
 		}
-		elseif ($prefs['format'] == 'txt') // Was a text file requested?
+		elseif ($prefs['format'] === 'txt') // Was a text file requested?
 		{
 			return $this->_backup($prefs);
 		}
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
index 1373faa88..6b9286fa0 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 		else
 		{
 			// If no port is defined by the user, use the default value
-			$this->port == '' OR $this->port = 33000;
+			empty($this->port) OR $this->port = 33000;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -329,35 +329,6 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * "Count All" query
-	 *
-	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
-	 * the specified table
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	int
-	 */
-	public function count_all($table = '')
-	{
-		if ($table == '')
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string.$this->protect_identifiers('numrows').' FROM '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
-		if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$query = $query->row();
-		$this->_reset_select();
-		return (int) $query->numrows;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * List table query
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
@@ -369,7 +340,7 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	{
 		$sql = 'SHOW TABLES';
 
-		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix !== '')
 		{
 			return $sql." LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%'";
 		}
@@ -464,7 +435,7 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 
 			foreach (array_keys($val) as $field)
 			{
-				if ($field != $index)
+				if ($field !== $index)
 				{
 					$final[$field][] = 'WHEN '.$index.' = '.$val[$index].' THEN '.$val[$field];
 				}
@@ -480,12 +451,12 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 		}
 
 		return 'UPDATE '.$table.' SET '.substr($cases, 0, -2)
-			.' WHERE '.(($where != '' && count($where) > 0) ? implode(' ', $where).' AND ' : '')
+			.' WHERE '.(($where !== '' && count($where) > 0) ? implode(' ', $where).' AND ' : '')
 			.$index.' IN ('.implode(',', $ids).')';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Limit string
 	 *
@@ -506,15 +477,14 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	protected function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close()
 	{
-		@cubrid_close($conn_id);
+		@cubrid_close($this->conn_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
 /* End of file cubrid_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
index 4e66f81e3..fb9716226 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 		}
 
 		return $sql.$this->_process_fields($fields)
-			.($after_field != '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
+			.($after_field !== '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php
index 1b18de803..8cbbfa17d 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php
@@ -244,35 +244,6 @@ class CI_DB_interbase_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * "Count All" query
-	 *
-	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
-	 * the specified database
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	public function count_all($table = '')
-	{
-		if ($table == '')
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string.$this->protect_identifiers('numrows').' FROM '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
-		if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$query = $query->row();
-		$this->_reset_select();
-		return (int) $query->numrows;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * List table query
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
@@ -284,7 +255,7 @@ class CI_DB_interbase_driver extends CI_DB {
 	{
 		$sql = 'SELECT "RDB$RELATION_NAME" FROM "RDB$RELATIONS" WHERE "RDB$RELATION_NAME" NOT LIKE \'RDB$%\' AND "RDB$RELATION_NAME" NOT LIKE \'MON$%\'';
 
-		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix !== '')
 		{
 			return $sql.' AND "RDB$RELATION_NAME" LIKE \''.$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%' ".sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
 		}
@@ -472,12 +443,11 @@ class CI_DB_interbase_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	protected function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close()
 	{
-		@ibase_close($conn_id);
+		@ibase_close($this->conn_id);
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_forge.php
index c850656a8..5470179a1 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_forge.php
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ class CI_DB_interbase_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
 		$sql .= " {$column_definition}";
 
-		if ($default_value != '')
+		if ($default_value !== '')
 		{
 			$sql .= " DEFAULT \"{$default_value}\"";
 		}
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ class CI_DB_interbase_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 			$sql .= ' NOT NULL';
 		}
 
-		if ($after_field != '')
+		if ($after_field !== '')
 		{
 			$sql .= ' AFTER ' . $this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field);
 		}
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_utility.php
index 1b92af9b6..164211836 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_utility.php
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class CI_DB_interbase_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	 * @param	string	$filename
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	protected function backup($filename)
+	protected function _backup($filename)
 	{
 		if ($service = ibase_service_attach($this->db->hostname, $this->db->username, $this->db->password))
 		{
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
index f60ec8168..fff9f92e3 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
@@ -57,6 +57,16 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	protected $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
 	protected $_random_keyword = ' NEWID()';
 
+	public function __construct($params)
+	{
+		parent::__construct($params);
+
+		if ( ! empty($this->port))
+		{
+			$this->hostname .= (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR === '\\' ? ',' : ':').$this->port;
+		}
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Non-persistent database connection
 	 *
@@ -64,11 +74,6 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function db_connect()
 	{
-		if ($this->port != '')
-		{
-			$this->hostname .= ','.$this->port;
-		}
-
 		return @mssql_connect($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password);
 	}
 
@@ -81,11 +86,6 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
-		if ($this->port != '')
-		{
-			$this->hostname .= ','.$this->port;
-		}
-
 		return @mssql_pconnect($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password);
 	}
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Execute the query
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * @return	mixed	resource if rows are returned, bool otherwise
 	 */
 	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
@@ -137,13 +137,8 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -151,10 +146,9 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 		// Reset the transaction failure flag.
 		// If the $test_mode flag is set to TRUE transactions will be rolled back
 		// even if the queries produce a successful result.
-		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE);
 
-		$this->simple_query('BEGIN TRAN');
-		return TRUE;
+		return $this->simple_query('BEGIN TRAN');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -166,19 +160,13 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function trans_commit()
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
 
-		$this->simple_query('COMMIT TRAN');
-		return TRUE;
+		return $this->simple_query('COMMIT TRAN');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -190,19 +178,13 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function trans_rollback()
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
 
-		$this->simple_query('ROLLBACK TRAN');
-		return TRUE;
+		return $this->simple_query('ROLLBACK TRAN');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -232,7 +214,7 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 		// escape LIKE condition wildcards
 		if ($like === TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = str_replace(
+			return str_replace(
 				array($this->_like_escape_chr, '%', '_'),
 				array($this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr, $this->_like_escape_chr.'%', $this->_like_escape_chr.'_'),
 				$str
@@ -265,11 +247,13 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function insert_id()
 	{
-		$ver = self::_parse_major_version($this->version());
-		$sql = ($ver >= 8 ? "SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY() AS last_id" : "SELECT @@IDENTITY AS last_id");
-		$query = $this->query($sql);
-		$row = $query->row();
-		return $row->last_id;
+		$query = (self::_parse_major_version($this->version()) > 7)
+			? 'SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY() AS last_id'
+			: 'SELECT @@IDENTITY AS last_id';
+
+		$query = $this->query($query);
+		$query = $query->row();
+		return $query->last_id;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -304,35 +288,6 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * "Count All" query
-	 *
-	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
-	 * the specified database
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	public function count_all($table = '')
-	{
-		if ($table == '')
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string.$this->protect_identifiers('numrows').' FROM '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
-		if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$row = $query->row();
-		$this->_reset_select();
-		return (int) $row->numrows;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * List table query
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
@@ -345,7 +300,7 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 		$sql = "SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE type = 'U' ORDER BY name";
 
 		// for future compatibility
-		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE AND $this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE AND $this->dbprefix !== '')
 		{
 			//$sql .= " LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%' ".sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
 			return FALSE; // not currently supported
@@ -381,7 +336,7 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
-		return "SELECT TOP 1 * FROM ".$table;
+		return 'SELECT TOP 1 * FROM '.$table;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -513,9 +468,7 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
-		$i = $limit + $offset;
-
-		return preg_replace('/(^\SELECT (DISTINCT)?)/i','\\1 TOP '.$i.' ', $sql);
+		return preg_replace('/(^\SELECT (DISTINCT)?)/i','\\1 TOP '.($limit + $offset).' ', $sql);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -523,15 +476,14 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	protected function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close()
 	{
-		@mssql_close($conn_id);
+		@mssql_close($this->conn_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
 /* End of file mssql_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php
index 8f8e7c5b9..d2a30b20f 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php
@@ -48,16 +48,13 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 */
 	protected function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
 	{
-		$sql = 'CREATE TABLE ';
+		$sql = ($if_not_exists === TRUE)
+			? "IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE ID = object_id(N'".$table."') AND OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1)\n"
+			: '';
 
-		if ($if_not_exists === TRUE)
-		{
-			$sql .= 'IF NOT EXISTS ';
-		}
+		$sql .= 'CREATE TABLE '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($table).' (';
 
-		$sql .= $this->db->escape_identifiers($table).' (';
 		$current_field_count = 0;
-
 		foreach ($fields as $field => $attributes)
 		{
 			// Numeric field names aren't allowed in databases, so if the key is
@@ -65,41 +62,33 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 			// entered the field information, so we'll simply add it to the list
 			if (is_numeric($field))
 			{
-				$sql .= "\n\t$attributes";
+				$sql .= "\n\t".$attributes;
 			}
 			else
 			{
 				$attributes = array_change_key_case($attributes, CASE_UPPER);
 
-				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->protect_identifiers($field);
-
-				$sql .=  ' '.$attributes['TYPE'];
+				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->escape_identifiers($field).' '.$attributes['TYPE'];
 
-				if (array_key_exists('CONSTRAINT', $attributes))
+				if (stripos($attributes['TYPE'], 'INT') === FALSE && ! empty($attributes['CONSTRAINT']))
 				{
 					$sql .= '('.$attributes['CONSTRAINT'].')';
 				}
 
-				if (array_key_exists('UNSIGNED', $attributes) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE)
+				if ( ! empty($attributes['UNSIGNED']) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE)
 				{
 					$sql .= ' UNSIGNED';
 				}
 
-				if (array_key_exists('DEFAULT', $attributes))
+				if (isset($attributes['DEFAULT']))
 				{
-					$sql .= ' DEFAULT \''.$attributes['DEFAULT'].'\'';
+					$sql .= " DEFAULT '".$attributes['DEFAULT']."'";
 				}
 
-				if (array_key_exists('NULL', $attributes) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' NULL';
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$sql .= ' NOT NULL';
-				}
+				$sql .= ( ! empty($attributes['NULL']) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE)
+					? ' NULL' : ' NOT NULL';
 
-				if (array_key_exists('AUTO_INCREMENT', $attributes) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE)
+				if ( ! empty($attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT']) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE)
 				{
 					$sql .= ' AUTO_INCREMENT';
 				}
@@ -114,30 +103,22 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
 		if (count($primary_keys) > 0)
 		{
-			$primary_keys = $this->db->protect_identifiers($primary_keys);
-			$sql .= ",\n\tPRIMARY KEY (" . implode(', ', $primary_keys) . ")";
+			$sql .= ",\n\tPRIMARY KEY (".implode(', ', $this->db->escape_identifiers($primary_keys)).')';
 		}
 
 		if (is_array($keys) && count($keys) > 0)
 		{
 			foreach ($keys as $key)
 			{
-				if (is_array($key))
-				{
-					$key = $this->db->protect_identifiers($key);
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$key = array($this->db->protect_identifiers($key));
-				}
+				$key = is_array($key)
+					? $this->db->escape_identifiers($key)
+					: array($this->db->escape_identifiers($key));
 
-				$sql .= ",\n\tFOREIGN KEY (" . implode(', ', $key) . ")";
+				$sql .= ",\n\tFOREIGN KEY (".implode(', ', $key).')';
 			}
 		}
 
-		$sql .= "\n)";
-
-		return $sql;
+		return $sql."\n)";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -159,37 +140,18 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 */
 	protected function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
 	{
-		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($column_name);
+		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($column_name);
 
 		// DROP has everything it needs now.
-		if ($alter_type == 'DROP')
+		if ($alter_type === 'DROP')
 		{
 			return $sql;
 		}
 
-		$sql .= " $column_definition";
-
-		if ($default_value != '')
-		{
-			$sql .= " DEFAULT \"$default_value\"";
-		}
-
-		if ($null === NULL)
-		{
-			$sql .= ' NULL';
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$sql .= ' NOT NULL';
-		}
-
-		if ($after_field != '')
-		{
-			return $sql.' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field);
-		}
-
-		return $sql;
-
+		return $sql.' '.$column_definition
+			.($default_value != '' ? ' DEFAULT "'.$default_value.'"' : '')
+			.($null === NULL ? ' NULL' : ' NOT NULL')
+			.($after_field != '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php
index 4cc87f4cf..5929306af 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php
@@ -92,12 +92,12 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 		$retval = array();
 		while ($field = mssql_fetch_field($this->result_id))
 		{
-			$F				= new stdClass();
-			$F->name		= $field->name;
-			$F->type		= $field->type;
+			$F		= new stdClass();
+			$F->name	= $field->name;
+			$F->type	= $field->type;
 			$F->max_length	= $field->max_length;
 			$F->primary_key = 0;
-			$F->default		= '';
+			$F->default	= '';
 
 			$retval[] = $F;
 		}
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php
index 6d47618ce..69fcec5f6 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	 * MSSQL Export
 	 *
 	 * @param	array	Preferences
-	 * @return	mixed
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _backup($params = array())
 	{
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
index 32c51865d..5937b223b 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences - not used in MySQL
 	protected $_like_escape_str = '';
-	protected $_like_escape_chr = '';
+	protected $_like_escape_chr = '\\';
 
 	/**
 	 * The syntax to count rows is slightly different across different
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	{
 		parent::__construct($params);
 
-		if ($this->port != '')
+		if ( ! empty($this->port))
 		{
 			$this->hostname .= ':'.$this->port;
 		}
@@ -291,7 +291,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 		// escape LIKE condition wildcards
 		if ($like === TRUE)
 		{
-			return str_replace(array('%', '_'), array('\\%', '\\_'), $str);
+			return str_replace(array($this->_like_escape_chr, '%', '_'),
+						array($this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr, $this->_like_escape_chr.'%', $this->_like_escape_chr.'_'),
+						$str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -324,35 +326,6 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * "Count All" query
-	 *
-	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
-	 * the specified database
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	public function count_all($table = '')
-	{
-		if ($table == '')
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string.$this->protect_identifiers('numrows').' FROM '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
-		if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$query = $query->row();
-		$this->_reset_select();
-		return (int) $query->numrows;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * List table query
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
@@ -364,7 +337,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	{
 		$sql = 'SHOW TABLES FROM '.$this->_escape_char.$this->database.$this->_escape_char;
 
-		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix !== '')
 		{
 			return $sql." LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%'";
 		}
@@ -397,7 +370,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function field_data($table = '')
 	{
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table === '')
 		{
 			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_field_param_missing') : FALSE;
 		}
@@ -478,7 +451,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 
 			foreach (array_keys($val) as $field)
 			{
-				if ($field != $index)
+				if ($field !== $index)
 				{
 					$final[$field][] =  'WHEN '.$index.' = '.$val[$index].' THEN '.$val[$field];
 				}
@@ -494,7 +467,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 		}
 
 		return 'UPDATE '.$table.' SET '.substr($cases, 0, -2)
-			.' WHERE '.(($where != '' && count($where) > 0) ? implode(' ', $where).' AND ' : '')
+			.' WHERE '.(($where !== '' && count($where) > 0) ? implode(' ', $where).' AND ' : '')
 			.$index.' IN('.implode(',', $ids).')';
 	}
 
@@ -520,15 +493,14 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	protected function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close()
 	{
-		@mysql_close($conn_id);
+		@mysql_close($this->conn_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
 /* End of file mysql_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php
index 0e39affa7..ffd374fbf 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 		}
 
 		return $sql.$this->_process_fields($fields)
-			.($after_field != '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
+			.($after_field !== '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php
index 642323dbd..643682fde 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 			// Write out the table schema
 			$output .= '#'.$newline.'# TABLE STRUCTURE FOR: '.$table.$newline.'#'.$newline.$newline;
 
-			if ($add_drop == TRUE)
+			if ($add_drop === TRUE)
 			{
 				$output .= 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).';'.$newline.$newline;
 			}
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 			}
 
 			// If inserts are not needed we're done...
-			if ($add_insert == FALSE)
+			if ($add_insert === FALSE)
 			{
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 			// Grab all the data from the current table
 			$query = $this->db->query('SELECT * FROM '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table));
 
-			if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
+			if ($query->num_rows() === 0)
 			{
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 					else
 					{
 						// Escape the data if it's not an integer
-						$val_str .= ($is_int[$i] == FALSE) ? $this->db->escape($v) : $v;
+						$val_str .= ($is_int[$i] === FALSE) ? $this->db->escape($v) : $v;
 					}
 
 					// Append a comma
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
index e2684e4f2..02f893755 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences - not used in MySQL
 	protected $_like_escape_str = '';
-	protected $_like_escape_chr = '';
+	protected $_like_escape_chr = '\\';
 
 	/**
 	 * The syntax to count rows is slightly different across different
@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function db_connect()
 	{
-		return ($this->port != '')
-			? @new mysqli($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database, $this->port)
-			: @new mysqli($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database);
+		return empty($this->port)
+			? @new mysqli($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database)
+			: @new mysqli($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database, $this->port);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 			return $this->db_connect();
 		}
 
-		return ($this->port != '')
-			? @new mysqli('p:'.$this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database, $this->port)
-			: @new mysqli('p:'.$this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database);
+		return empty($this->port)
+			? @new mysqli('p:'.$this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database)
+			: @new mysqli('p:'.$this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database, $this->port);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -291,7 +291,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 		// escape LIKE condition wildcards
 		if ($like === TRUE)
 		{
-			return str_replace(array('%', '_'), array('\\%', '\\_'), $str);
+			return str_replace(array($this->_like_escape_chr, '%', '_'),
+						array($this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr, $this->_like_escape_chr.'%', $this->_like_escape_chr.'_'),
+						$str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -324,35 +326,6 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * "Count All" query
-	 *
-	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
-	 * the specified database
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	public function count_all($table = '')
-	{
-		if ($table == '')
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string.$this->protect_identifiers('numrows').' FROM '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
-		if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$query = $query->row();
-		$this->_reset_select();
-		return (int) $query->numrows;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * List table query
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
@@ -364,7 +337,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	{
 		$sql = 'SHOW TABLES FROM '.$this->_escape_char.$this->database.$this->_escape_char;
 
-		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix !== '')
 		{
 			return $sql." LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%'";
 		}
@@ -397,7 +370,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function field_data($table = '')
 	{
-		if ($table == '')
+		if ($table === '')
 		{
 			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_field_param_missing') : FALSE;
 		}
@@ -478,7 +451,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 
 			foreach (array_keys($val) as $field)
 			{
-				if ($field != $index)
+				if ($field !== $index)
 				{
 					$final[$field][] =  'WHEN '.$index.' = '.$val[$index].' THEN '.$val[$field];
 				}
@@ -493,10 +466,10 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 				.'ELSE '.$k.' END, ';
 		}
 
-		$where = ($where != '' && count($where) > 0) ? implode(' ', $where).' AND ' : '';
+		$where = ($where !== '' && count($where) > 0) ? implode(' ', $where).' AND ' : '';
 
 		return 'UPDATE '.$table.' SET '.substr($cases, 0, -2)
-			.' WHERE '.(($where != '' && count($where) > 0) ? implode(' ', $where).' AND ' : '')
+			.' WHERE '.(($where !== '' && count($where) > 0) ? implode(' ', $where).' AND ' : '')
 			.$index.' IN('.implode(',', $ids).')';
 	}
 
@@ -523,16 +496,14 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @param	object
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	protected function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close()
 	{
 		$this->conn_id->close();
-		$this->conn_id = FALSE;
 	}
 
 }
 
 /* End of file mysqli_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php
index 503574dfc..b00bfde49 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 		}
 
 		return $sql.$this->_process_fields($fields)
-			.($after_field != '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
+			.($after_field !== '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
index 33a89df94..e78091614 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function stored_procedure($package, $procedure, $params)
 	{
-		if ($package == '' OR $procedure == '' OR ! is_array($params))
+		if ($package === '' OR $procedure === '' OR ! is_array($params))
 		{
 			if ($this->db_debug)
 			{
@@ -455,35 +455,6 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * "Count All" query
-	 *
-	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
-	 * the specified database
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	int
-	 */
-	public function count_all($table = '')
-	{
-		if ($table == '')
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string.$this->protect_identifiers('numrows').' FROM '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
-		if ($query == FALSE)
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$row = $query->row();
-		$this->_reset_select();
-		return (int) $row->numrows;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * Show table query
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
@@ -495,7 +466,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	{
 		$sql = 'SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM ALL_TABLES';
 
-		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix !== '')
 		{
 			return $sql." WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%' ".sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
 		}
@@ -663,7 +634,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	{
 		$this->limit_used = TRUE;
 		return 'SELECT * FROM (SELECT inner_query.*, rownum rnum FROM ('.$sql.') inner_query WHERE rownum < '.($offset + $limit).')'
-			.($offset != 0 ? ' WHERE rnum >= '.$offset : '');
+			.($offset !== 0 ? ' WHERE rnum >= '.$offset : '');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -671,15 +642,14 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	protected function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close()
 	{
-		@oci_close($conn_id);
+		@oci_close($this->conn_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
 /* End of file oci8_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
index bd265b6e0..837e7eaad 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
@@ -141,9 +141,9 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 		}
 
 		return $sql.' '.$column_definition
-			.($default_value != '' ? ' DEFAULT "'.$default_value.'"' : '')
+			.($default_value !== '' ? ' DEFAULT "'.$default_value.'"' : '')
 			.($null === NULL ? ' NULL' : ' NOT NULL')
-			.($after_field != '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
+			.($after_field !== '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
 
 	}
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
index 7b05e0a43..6fb6c81f1 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
 				OR $n < $this->current_row)
 			{
 				// No such row exists
-				return array();
+				return NULL;
 			}
 
 			// Get the next row index that would actually need to be fetched
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
 				$this->num_rows = 0;
 			}
 
-			return array();
+			return NULL;
 		}
 
 		$this->current_row = $n;
@@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
 			return (object) $row;
 		}
 
-		return array();
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -539,19 +539,19 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				return array();
+				return NULL;
 			}
 		}
 		elseif ( ! class_exists($class_name)) // No such class exists
 		{
-			return array();
+			return NULL;
 		}
 
 		$row = $this->row_array($n);
-		// An array would mean that the row doesn't exist
-		if (is_array($row))
+		// A non-array would mean that the row doesn't exist
+		if ( ! is_array($row))
 		{
-			return $row;
+			return NULL;
 		}
 
 		// Convert to the desired class and return
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
index 605913559..c7caf0f58 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 		$this->_random_keyword = ' RND('.time().')'; // database specific random keyword
 
 		// Legacy support for DSN in the hostname field
-		if ($this->dsn == '')
+		if (empty($this->dsn))
 		{
 			$this->dsn = $this->hostname;
 		}
@@ -229,35 +229,6 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * "Count All" query
-	 *
-	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
-	 * the specified database
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	int
-	 */
-	public function count_all($table = '')
-	{
-		if ($table == '')
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string.$this->protect_identifiers('numrows').' FROM '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
-		if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$query = $query->row();
-		$this->_reset_select();
-		return (int) $query->numrows;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * Show table query
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
@@ -267,9 +238,9 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
-		$sql = 'SHOW TABLES FROM `'.$this->database.'`';
+		$sql = 'SHOW TABLES FROM '.$this->database;
 
-		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix !== '')
 		{
 			//$sql .= " LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%' ".sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
 			return FALSE; // not currently supported
@@ -384,15 +355,14 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	protected function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close()
 	{
-		@odbc_close($conn_id);
+		@odbc_close($this->conn_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
 /* End of file odbc_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php
index 39a0d4dae..b074c5884 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php
@@ -72,13 +72,27 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 			{
 				$attributes = array_change_key_case($attributes, CASE_UPPER);
 
-				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->protect_identifiers($field)
-					.' '.$attributes['TYPE']
-					.( ! empty($attributes['CONSTRAINT']) ? '('.$attributes['CONSTRAINT'].')' : '')
-					.(( ! empty($attributes['UNSIGNED']) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE) ? ' UNSIGNED' : '')
-					.(isset($attributes['DEFAULT'], $attributes) ? " DEFAULT '".$attributes['DEFAULT']."'" : '')
-					.(( ! empty($attributes['NULL']) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE) ? ' NULL' : ' NOT NULL')
-					.(( ! empty($attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT']) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE) ? ' AUTO_INCREMENT' : '');
+				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->escape_identifiers($field).' '.$attributes['TYPE'];
+
+				empty($attributes['CONSTRAINT']) OR $sql .= '('.$attributes['CONSTRAINT'].')';
+
+				if ( ! empty($attributes['UNSIGNED']) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE)
+				{
+					$sql .= ' UNSIGNED';
+				}
+
+				if (isset($attributes['DEFAULT']))
+				{
+					$sql .= " DEFAULT '".$attributes['DEFAULT']."'";
+				}
+
+				$sql .= ( ! empty($attributes['NULL']) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE)
+					? ' NULL' : ' NOT NULL';
+
+				if ( ! empty($attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT']) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE)
+				{
+					$sql .= ' AUTO_INCREMENT';
+				}
 			}
 
 			// don't add a comma on the end of the last field
@@ -90,21 +104,16 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
 		if (count($primary_keys) > 0)
 		{
-			$sql .= ",\n\tPRIMARY KEY (".implode(', ', $this->protect_identifiers($primary_keys)).')';
+			$sql .= ",\n\tPRIMARY KEY (".implode(', ', $this->escape_identifiers($primary_keys)).')';
 		}
 
 		if (is_array($keys) && count($keys) > 0)
 		{
 			foreach ($keys as $key)
 			{
-				if (is_array($key))
-				{
-					$key = $this->db->protect_identifiers($key);
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$key = array($this->db->protect_identifiers($key));
-				}
+				$key = is_array($key)
+					? $this->db->escape_identifiers($key)
+					: array($this->db->escape_identifiers($key));
 
 				$sql .= ",\n\tFOREIGN KEY (".implode(', ', $key).')';
 			}
@@ -132,7 +141,7 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 */
 	protected function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
 	{
-		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($column_name);
+		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($column_name);
 
 		// DROP has everything it needs now.
 		if ($alter_type === 'DROP')
@@ -143,7 +152,7 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 		return $sql.' '.$column_definition
 			.($default_value != '' ? ' DEFAULT "'.$default_value.'"' : '')
 			.($null === NULL ? ' NULL' : ' NOT NULL')
-			.($after_field != '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
+			.($after_field != '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($after_field) : '');
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
index 89e69676d..b4ad52a45 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	{
 		parent::__construct($params);
 
-		if (preg_match('/([^;]+):/', $this->dsn, $match) && count($match) == 2)
+		if (preg_match('/([^;]+):/', $this->dsn, $match) && count($match) === 2)
 		{
 			// If there is a minimum valid dsn string pattern found, we're done
 			// This is for general PDO users, who tend to have a full DSN string.
@@ -79,13 +79,13 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 
 		// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences
 		// this one depends on the driver being used
-		if ($this->pdodriver == 'mysql')
+		if ($this->pdodriver === 'mysql')
 		{
 			$this->_escape_char = '`';
 			$this->_like_escape_str = '';
-			$this->_like_escape_chr = '';
+			$this->_like_escape_chr = '\\';
 		}
-		elseif ($this->pdodriver == 'odbc')
+		elseif ($this->pdodriver === 'odbc')
 		{
 			$this->_like_escape_str = " {escape '%s'} ";
 		}
@@ -409,38 +409,6 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * "Count All" query
-	 *
-	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
-	 * the specified database
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	public function count_all($table = '')
-	{
-		if ($table == '')
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$sql = $this->_count_string.$this->protect_identifiers('numrows').' FROM '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
-		$query = $this->query($sql);
-
-		if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$row = $query->row();
-		$this->_reset_select();
-
-		return (int) $row->numrows;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * Show table query
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
@@ -450,12 +418,12 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ($this->pdodriver == 'pgsql')
+		if ($this->pdodriver === 'pgsql')
 		{
 			// Analog function to show all tables in postgre
 			$sql = "SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = 'public'";
 		}
-		elseif ($this->pdodriver == 'sqlite')
+		elseif ($this->pdodriver === 'sqlite')
 		{
 			// Analog function to show all tables in sqlite
 			$sql = "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%'";
@@ -465,7 +433,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 			$sql = 'SHOW TABLES FROM '.$this->escape_identifiers($this->database);
 		}
 
-		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE AND $this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE AND $this->dbprefix !== '')
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -500,17 +468,17 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
-		if ($this->pdodriver == 'mysql' or $this->pdodriver == 'pgsql')
+		if ($this->pdodriver === 'mysql' or $this->pdodriver === 'pgsql')
 		{
 			// Analog function for mysql and postgre
 			return 'SELECT * FROM '.$this->escape_identifiers($table).' LIMIT 1';
 		}
-		elseif ($this->pdodriver == 'oci')
+		elseif ($this->pdodriver === 'oci')
 		{
 			// Analog function for oci
 			return 'SELECT * FROM '.$this->escape_identifiers($table).' WHERE ROWNUM <= 1';
 		}
-		elseif ($this->pdodriver == 'sqlite')
+		elseif ($this->pdodriver === 'sqlite')
 		{
 			// Analog function for sqlite
 			return 'PRAGMA table_info('.$this->escape_identifiers($table).')';
@@ -584,7 +552,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	protected function _update_batch($table, $values, $index, $where = NULL)
 	{
 		$ids   = array();
-		$where = ($where != '' && count($where) >=1) ? implode(" ", $where).' AND ' : '';
+		$where = ($where !== '' && count($where) >=1) ? implode(" ", $where).' AND ' : '';
 
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
@@ -592,7 +560,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 
 			foreach (array_keys($val) as $field)
 			{
-				if ($field != $index)
+				if ($field !== $index)
 				{
 					$final[$field][] =  'WHEN '.$index.' = '.$val[$index].' THEN '.$val[$field];
 				}
@@ -652,7 +620,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
-		if ($this->pdodriver == 'cubrid' OR $this->pdodriver == 'sqlite')
+		if ($this->pdodriver === 'cubrid' OR $this->pdodriver === 'sqlite')
 		{
 			$offset = ($offset == 0) ? '' : $offset.', ';
 
@@ -667,20 +635,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 		}
 	}
 
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Close DB Connection
-	 *
-	 * @param	object
-	 * @return	void
-	 */
-	protected function _close($conn_id)
-	{
-		$this->conn_id = NULL;
-	}
-
 }
 
 /* End of file pdo_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
index ca8657a0f..aee8f718a 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 				if (array_key_exists('CONSTRAINT', $attributes))
 				{
 					// Exception for Postgre numeric which not too happy with constraint within those type
-					if ( ! ($this->db->pdodriver == 'pgsql' && in_array($attributes['TYPE'], $numeric)))
+					if ( ! ($this->db->pdodriver === 'pgsql' && in_array($attributes['TYPE'], $numeric)))
 					{
 						$sql .= '('.$attributes['CONSTRAINT'].')';
 					}
@@ -168,14 +168,14 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE `'.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).'` '.$alter_type.' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($column_name);
 
 		// DROP has everything it needs now.
-		if ($alter_type == 'DROP')
+		if ($alter_type === 'DROP')
 		{
 			return $sql;
 		}
 
 		$sql .= " $column_definition";
 
-		if ($default_value != '')
+		if ($default_value !== '')
 		{
 			$sql .= " DEFAULT \"$default_value\"";
 		}
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 			$sql .= ' NOT NULL';
 		}
 
-		if ($after_field != '')
+		if ($after_field !== '')
 		{
 			return $sql.' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field);
 		}
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
index 19aee1dfc..0b8937cc5 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
@@ -84,19 +84,14 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_result extends CI_DB_result {
 		// Define the output
 		$output = array('assoc', 'object');
 
+		// Initial value
+		$this->result_assoc = array() and $this->result_object = array();
+
 		// Fetch the result
-		foreach ($output as $type)
+		while ($row = $this->_fetch_assoc())
 		{
-			// Define the method and handler
-			$res_method  = '_fetch_'.$type;
-			$res_handler = 'result_'.$type;
-
-			$this->$res_handler = array();
-
-			while ($row = $this->$res_method())
-			{
-				$this->{$res_handler}[] = $row;
-			}
+			$this->result_assoc[] = $row;
+			$this->result_object[] = (object) $row;
 		}
 
 		// Save this as buffer and marked the fetch flag
@@ -249,7 +244,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 */
 	protected function _fetch_object()
 	{
-		return $this->result_id->fetchObject();
+		return $this->result_id->fetch(PDO::FETCH_OBJ);
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
index 84bf768ee..e5d861bd9 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
@@ -311,6 +311,27 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * "Smart" Escape String
+	 *
+	 * Escapes data based on type
+	 * Sets boolean and null types
+	 *
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	mixed
+	 */
+	public function escape($str)
+	{
+		if (is_bool($str))
+		{
+			return ($str) ? 'TRUE' : 'FALSE';
+		}
+
+		return parent::escape($str);
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Affected Rows
 	 *
 	 * @return	int
@@ -335,13 +356,13 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 		$table	= (func_num_args() > 0) ? func_get_arg(0) : NULL;
 		$column	= (func_num_args() > 1) ? func_get_arg(1) : NULL;
 
-		if ($table == NULL && $v >= '8.1')
+		if ($table === NULL && $v >= '8.1')
 		{
 			$sql = 'SELECT LASTVAL() AS ins_id';
 		}
-		elseif ($table != NULL)
+		elseif ($table !== NULL)
 		{
-			if ($column != NULL && $v >= '8.0')
+			if ($column !== NULL && $v >= '8.0')
 			{
 				$sql = 'SELECT pg_get_serial_sequence(\''.$table."', '".$column."') AS seq";
 				$query = $this->query($sql);
@@ -369,35 +390,6 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * "Count All" query
-	 *
-	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
-	 * the specified database
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	public function count_all($table = '')
-	{
-		if ($table == '')
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string.$this->protect_identifiers('numrows').' FROM '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
-		if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$query = $query->row();
-		$this->_reset_select();
-		return (int) $query->numrows;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * Show table query
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
@@ -409,7 +401,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	{
 		$sql = "SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = 'public'";
 
-		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix !== '')
 		{
 			return $sql." AND table_name LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%' ".sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
 		}
@@ -518,6 +510,47 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Update_Batch statement
+	 *
+	 * Generates a platform-specific batch update string from the supplied data
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	the table name
+	 * @param	array	the update data
+	 * @param	array	the where clause
+	 * @return	string
+	 */
+	protected function _update_batch($table, $values, $index, $where = NULL)
+	{
+		$ids = array();
+		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
+		{
+			$ids[] = $val[$index];
+
+			foreach (array_keys($val) as $field)
+			{
+				if ($field !== $index)
+				{
+					$final[$field][] =  'WHEN '.$val[$index].' THEN '.$val[$field];
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		$cases = '';
+		foreach ($final as $k => $v)
+		{
+			$cases .= $k.' = (CASE '.$k."\n"
+				.implode("\n", $v)."\n"
+				.'ELSE '.$k.' END), ';
+		}
+
+		return 'UPDATE '.$table.' SET '.substr($cases, 0, -2)
+			.' WHERE '.(($where !== '' && count($where) > 0) ? implode(' ', $where).' AND ' : '')
+			.$index.' IN('.implode(',', $ids).')';
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Delete statement
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific delete string from the supplied data
@@ -558,17 +591,88 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Where
+	 *
+	 * Called by where() or or_where()
+	 *
+	 * @param	mixed
+	 * @param	mixed
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	object
+	 *
+	 */
+	protected function _where($key, $value = NULL, $type = 'AND ', $escape = NULL)
+	{
+		$type = $this->_group_get_type($type);
+
+		if ( ! is_array($key))
+		{
+			$key = array($key => $value);
+		}
+
+		// If the escape value was not set will will base it on the global setting
+		if ( ! is_bool($escape))
+		{
+			$escape = $this->_protect_identifiers;
+		}
+
+		foreach ($key as $k => $v)
+		{
+			$prefix = (count($this->qb_where) === 0 && count($this->qb_cache_where) === 0) ? '' : $type;
+
+			if (is_null($v) && ! $this->_has_operator($k))
+			{
+				// value appears not to have been set, assign the test to IS NULL
+				$k .= ' IS NULL';
+			}
+
+			if ( ! is_null($v))
+			{
+				if ($escape === TRUE)
+				{
+					$k = $this->protect_identifiers($k, FALSE, $escape);
+					$v = ' '.$this->escape($v);
+				}
+				elseif (is_bool($v))
+				{
+					$v = ($v ? ' TRUE' : ' FALSE');
+				}
+
+				if ( ! $this->_has_operator($k))
+				{
+					$k .= ' = ';
+				}
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				$k = $this->protect_identifiers($k, FALSE, $escape);
+			}
+
+			$this->qb_where[] = $prefix.$k.$v;
+			if ($this->qb_caching === TRUE)
+			{
+				$this->qb_cache_where[] = $prefix.$k.$v;
+				$this->qb_cache_exists[] = 'where';
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		return $this;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	protected function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close()
 	{
-		@pg_close($conn_id);
+		@pg_close($this->conn_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
 /* End of file postgre_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
index 94c97af50..af1c45f9b 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
  		}
 
  		return $sql.$this->_process_fields($fields)
-			.($after_field != '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
+			.($after_field !== '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
  	}
 
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
index 551704f83..58bb5f2a7 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 	public $dbdriver = 'sqlite';
 
 	// The character used to escape with - not needed for SQLite
-	protected $_escape_char = '';
+	protected $_escape_char = '"';
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences
 	protected $_like_escape_str = " ESCAPE '%s' ";
@@ -127,7 +127,9 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
-		return @sqlite_query($this->conn_id, $sql);
+		return $this->is_write_type($sql)
+			? @sqlite_exec($this->conn_id, $sql)
+			: @sqlite_query($this->conn_id, $sql);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -139,13 +141,8 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -153,7 +150,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 		// Reset the transaction failure flag.
 		// If the $test_mode flag is set to TRUE transactions will be rolled back
 		// even if the queries produce a successful result.
-		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE);
 
 		$this->simple_query('BEGIN TRANSACTION');
 		return TRUE;
@@ -168,13 +165,8 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function trans_commit()
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -192,13 +184,8 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function trans_rollback()
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -268,35 +255,6 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * "Count All" query
-	 *
-	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
-	 * the specified database
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	public function count_all($table = '')
-	{
-		if ($table == '')
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string.$this->protect_identifiers('numrows').' FROM '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
-		if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$row = $query->row();
-		$this->_reset_select();
-		return (int) $row->numrows;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * List table query
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
@@ -306,12 +264,13 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
-		$sql = "SELECT name from sqlite_master WHERE type='table'";
+		$sql = "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table'";
 
-		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE AND $this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix != '')
 		{
-			$sql .= " AND 'name' LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%' ".sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
+			return $sql." AND 'name' LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%' ".sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
 		}
+
 		return $sql;
 	}
 
@@ -343,7 +302,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
-		return "SELECT * FROM ".$table." LIMIT 1";
+		return 'SELECT * FROM '.$this->escape_identifiers($table).' LIMIT 1';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -433,16 +392,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
-		if ($offset == 0)
-		{
-			$offset = '';
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$offset .= ", ";
-		}
-
-		return $sql."LIMIT ".$offset.$limit;
+		return $sql.'LIMIT '.($offset == 0 ? '' : $offset.', ').$limit;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -450,15 +400,14 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	protected function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close()
 	{
-		@sqlite_close($conn_id);
+		@sqlite_close($this->conn_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
 /* End of file sqlite_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php
index dd6f0f78d..25f4bf76d 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php
@@ -97,41 +97,31 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 			// entered the field information, so we'll simply add it to the list
 			if (is_numeric($field))
 			{
-				$sql .= "\n\t$attributes";
+				$sql .= "\n\t".$attributes;
 			}
 			else
 			{
 				$attributes = array_change_key_case($attributes, CASE_UPPER);
 
-				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->protect_identifiers($field);
+				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->escape_identifiers($field).' '.$attributes['TYPE'];
 
-				$sql .=  ' '.$attributes['TYPE'];
+				empty($attributes['CONSTRAINT']) OR $sql .= '('.$attributes['CONSTRAINT'].')';
 
-				if (array_key_exists('CONSTRAINT', $attributes))
-				{
-					$sql .= '('.$attributes['CONSTRAINT'].')';
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('UNSIGNED', $attributes) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE)
+				if ( ! empty($attributes['UNSIGNED']) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE)
 				{
 					$sql .= ' UNSIGNED';
 				}
 
-				if (array_key_exists('DEFAULT', $attributes))
+				if (isset($attributes['DEFAULT']))
 				{
-					$sql .= ' DEFAULT \''.$attributes['DEFAULT'].'\'';
+					$sql .= " DEFAULT '".$attributes['DEFAULT']."'";
 				}
 
-				if (array_key_exists('NULL', $attributes) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' NULL';
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$sql .= ' NOT NULL';
-				}
 
-				if (array_key_exists('AUTO_INCREMENT', $attributes) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE)
+				$sql .= ( ! empty($attributes['NULL']) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE)
+					? ' NULL' : ' NOT NULL';
+
+				if ( ! empty($attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT']) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE)
 				{
 					$sql .= ' AUTO_INCREMENT';
 				}
@@ -146,30 +136,22 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
 		if (count($primary_keys) > 0)
 		{
-			$primary_keys = $this->db->protect_identifiers($primary_keys);
-			$sql .= ",\n\tPRIMARY KEY (" . implode(', ', $primary_keys) . ")";
+			$sql .= ",\n\tPRIMARY KEY (".implode(', ', $this->db->escape_identifiers($primary_keys)).')';
 		}
 
 		if (is_array($keys) && count($keys) > 0)
 		{
 			foreach ($keys as $key)
 			{
-				if (is_array($key))
-				{
-					$key = $this->db->protect_identifiers($key);
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$key = array($this->db->protect_identifiers($key));
-				}
+				$key = is_array($key)
+					? $this->db->escape_identifiers($key)
+					: array($this->db->escape_identifiers($key));
 
-				$sql .= ",\n\tUNIQUE (" . implode(', ', $key) . ")";
+				$sql .= ",\n\tUNIQUE (".implode(', ', $key).')';
 			}
 		}
 
-		$sql .= "\n)";
-
-		return $sql;
+		return $sql."\n)";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -191,40 +173,21 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 */
 	protected function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
 	{
-		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($column_name);
-
-		// DROP has everything it needs now.
-		if ($alter_type == 'DROP')
+		/* SQLite only supports adding new columns and it does
+		 * NOT support the AFTER statement. Each new column will
+		 * be added as the last one in the table.
+		 */
+		if ($alter_type !== 'ADD COLUMN')
 		{
-			// SQLite does not support dropping columns
-			// http://www.sqlite.org/omitted.html
-			// http://www.sqlite.org/faq.html#q11
+			// Not supported
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$sql .= " $column_definition";
-
-		if ($default_value != '')
-		{
-			$sql .= " DEFAULT \"$default_value\"";
-		}
-
-		if ($null === NULL)
-		{
-			$sql .= ' NULL';
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$sql .= ' NOT NULL';
-		}
-
-		if ($after_field != '')
-		{
-			return $sql.' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field);
-		}
-
-		return $sql;
-
+		return 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($column_name)
+			.' '.$column_definition
+			.($default_value != '' ? " DEFAULT '".$default_value."'" : '')
+			// If NOT NULL is specified, the field must have a DEFAULT value other than NULL
+			.(($null !== NULL && $default_value !== 'NULL') ? ' NOT NULL' : ' NULL');
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_driver.php
index d22f6a442..2acefbcf4 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_driver.php
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite3_driver extends CI_DB {
 	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
 		log_message('debug', 'SQLite3 doesn\'t support persistent connections');
-		return $this->db_pconnect();
+		return $this->db_connect();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite3_driver extends CI_DB {
 			return $this->data_cache['version'];
 		}
 
-		$version = $this->conn_id->version();
+		$version = SQLite3::version();
 		return $this->data_cache['version'] = $version['versionString'];
 	}
 
@@ -245,30 +245,6 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite3_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * "Count All" query
-	 *
-	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
-	 * the specified database
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	int
-	 */
-	public function count_all($table = '')
-	{
-		if ($table == '')
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$result = $this->conn_id->querySingle($this->_count_string.$this->protect_identifiers('numrows')
-							.' FROM '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
-
-		return empty($result) ? 0 : (int) $result;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * Show table query
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
@@ -417,10 +393,9 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite3_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @param	object (ignored)
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	protected function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close()
 	{
 		$this->conn_id->close();
 	}
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_forge.php
index 20f1e6f63..0a5dc9211 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_forge.php
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite3_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
 		return 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($column_name)
 			.' '.$column_definition
-			.($default_value != '' ? ' DEFAULT '.$default_value : '')
+			.($default_value !== '' ? ' DEFAULT '.$default_value : '')
 			// If NOT NULL is specified, the field must have a DEFAULT value other than NULL
 			.(($null !== NULL && $default_value !== 'NULL') ? ' NOT NULL' : ' NULL');
 	}
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_result.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_result.php
index d83d6b2cd..946b36557 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_result.php
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite3_result extends CI_DB_result {
 				OR count($this->result_array) > 0 OR $n < $this->current_row)
 			{
 				// No such row exists
-				return array();
+				return NULL;
 			}
 
 			// Get the next row index that would actually need to be fetched
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite3_result extends CI_DB_result {
 				$this->num_rows = 0;
 			}
 
-			return array();
+			return NULL;
 		}
 
 		$this->current_row = $n;
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite3_result extends CI_DB_result {
 			return (object) $row;
 		}
 
-		return array();
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -501,19 +501,19 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite3_result extends CI_DB_result {
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				return array();
+				return NULL;
 			}
 		}
 		elseif ( ! class_exists($class_name)) // No such class exists
 		{
-			return array();
+			return NULL;
 		}
 
 		$row = $this->row_array($n);
-		// An array would mean that the row doesn't exist
-		if (is_array($row))
+		// A non-array would mean that the row doesn't exist
+		if ( ! is_array($row))
 		{
-			return $row;
+			return NULL;
 		}
 
 		// Convert to the desired class and return
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
index 8cc500f55..de319b421 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() functions.
 	 */
 	protected $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
-	protected $_random_keyword = ' NEWID()'; // not currently supported
+	protected $_random_keyword = ' NEWID()';
 
 	/**
 	 * Non-persistent database connection
@@ -132,11 +132,9 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
-		return sqlsrv_query($this->conn_id,
-					$sql,
-					NULL,
-					array('Scrollable'=> SQLSRV_CURSOR_STATIC, 'SendStreamParamsAtExec' => TRUE)
-			);
+		return (is_write_type($sql) && stripos($sql, 'INSERT') === FALSE)
+			? sqlsrv_query($this->conn_id, $sql)
+			: sqlsrv_query($this->conn_id, $sql, NULL, array('Scrollable' => SQLSRV_CURSOR_STATIC));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -148,13 +146,8 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -162,7 +155,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 		// Reset the transaction failure flag.
 		// If the $test_mode flag is set to TRUE transactions will be rolled back
 		// even if the queries produce a successful result.
-		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE);
 
 		return sqlsrv_begin_transaction($this->conn_id);
 	}
@@ -176,13 +169,8 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function trans_commit()
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -199,13 +187,8 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function trans_rollback()
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -237,7 +220,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function affected_rows()
 	{
-		return @sqlrv_rows_affected($this->conn_id);
+		return sqlrv_rows_affected($this->result_id);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -281,35 +264,6 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * "Count All" query
-	 *
-	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
-	 * the specified database
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	int
-	 */
-	public function count_all($table = '')
-	{
-		if ($table == '')
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$query = $this->query("SELECT COUNT(*) AS numrows FROM " . $this->dbprefix . $table);
-		if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
-		{
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		$row = $query->row();
-		$this->_reset_select();
-		return (int) $row->numrows;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * List table query
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
@@ -428,7 +382,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE, $like = array())
 	{
-		foreach($values as $key => $val)
+		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
 			$valstr[] = $key.' = '.$val;
 		}
@@ -510,15 +464,14 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	protected function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close()
 	{
-		@sqlsrv_close($conn_id);
+		@sqlsrv_close($this->conn_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
 /* End of file sqlsrv_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php
index e9143b269..e6f7e1ac1 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php
@@ -44,20 +44,17 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * @param	mixed	primary key(s)
 	 * @param	mixed	key(s)
 	 * @param	bool	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
 	{
-		$sql = 'CREATE TABLE ';
+		$sql = ($if_not_exists === TRUE)
+			? "IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE ID = object_id(N'".$table."') AND OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1)\n"
+			: '';
 
-		if ($if_not_exists === TRUE)
-		{
-			$sql .= 'IF NOT EXISTS ';
-		}
+		$sql .= 'CREATE TABLE '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($table).' (';
 
-		$sql .= $this->db->escape_identifiers($table).' (';
 		$current_field_count = 0;
-
 		foreach ($fields as $field => $attributes)
 		{
 			// Numeric field names aren't allowed in databases, so if the key is
@@ -65,41 +62,33 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 			// entered the field information, so we'll simply add it to the list
 			if (is_numeric($field))
 			{
-				$sql .= "\n\t$attributes";
+				$sql .= "\n\t".$attributes;
 			}
 			else
 			{
 				$attributes = array_change_key_case($attributes, CASE_UPPER);
 
-				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->protect_identifiers($field);
+				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->escape_identifiers($field).' '.$attributes['TYPE'];
 
-				$sql .=  ' '.$attributes['TYPE'];
-
-				if (array_key_exists('CONSTRAINT', $attributes))
+				if (stripos($attributes['TYPE'], 'INT') === FALSE && ! empty($attributes['CONSTRAINT']))
 				{
 					$sql .= '('.$attributes['CONSTRAINT'].')';
 				}
 
-				if (array_key_exists('UNSIGNED', $attributes) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE)
+				if ( ! empty($attributes['UNSIGNED']) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE)
 				{
 					$sql .= ' UNSIGNED';
 				}
 
-				if (array_key_exists('DEFAULT', $attributes))
+				if (isset($attributes['DEFAULT']))
 				{
-					$sql .= ' DEFAULT \''.$attributes['DEFAULT'].'\'';
+					$sql .= " DEFAULT '".$attributes['DEFAULT']."'";
 				}
 
-				if (array_key_exists('NULL', $attributes) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' NULL';
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$sql .= ' NOT NULL';
-				}
+				$sql .= ( ! empty($attributes['NULL']) && $attribues['NULL'] === TRUE)
+					? ' NULL' : ' NOT NULL';
 
-				if (array_key_exists('AUTO_INCREMENT', $attributes) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE)
+				if ( ! empty($attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT']) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE)
 				{
 					$sql .= ' AUTO_INCREMENT';
 				}
@@ -114,30 +103,22 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
 		if (count($primary_keys) > 0)
 		{
-			$primary_keys = $this->db->protect_identifiers($primary_keys);
-			$sql .= ",\n\tPRIMARY KEY (" . implode(', ', $primary_keys) . ")";
+			$sql .= ",\n\tPRIMARY KEY (".implode(', ', $this->db->escape_identifiers($primary_keys)).')';
 		}
 
 		if (is_array($keys) && count($keys) > 0)
 		{
 			foreach ($keys as $key)
 			{
-				if (is_array($key))
-				{
-					$key = $this->db->protect_identifiers($key);
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$key = array($this->db->protect_identifiers($key));
-				}
+				$key = is_array($key)
+					? $this->db->escape_identifiers($key)
+					: array($this->escape_identifiers($key));
 
-				$sql .= ",\n\tFOREIGN KEY (" . implode(', ', $key) . ")";
+				$sql .= ",\n\tFOREIGN KEY (".implode(', ', $key).')';
 			}
 		}
 
-		$sql .= "\n)";
-
-		return $sql;
+		return $sql."\n)";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -159,37 +140,18 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 */
 	protected function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
 	{
-		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($column_name);
+		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($column_name);
 
 		// DROP has everything it needs now.
-		if ($alter_type == 'DROP')
+		if ($alter_type === 'DROP')
 		{
 			return $sql;
 		}
 
-		$sql .= " $column_definition";
-
-		if ($default_value != '')
-		{
-			$sql .= " DEFAULT \"$default_value\"";
-		}
-
-		if ($null === NULL)
-		{
-			$sql .= ' NULL';
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$sql .= ' NOT NULL';
-		}
-
-		if ($after_field != '')
-		{
-			return $sql.' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field);
-		}
-
-		return $sql;
-
+		return $sql.' '.$column_definition
+			.($default_value != '' ? ' DEFAULT "'.$default_value.'"' : '')
+			.($null === NULL ? ' NULL' : ' NOT NULL')
+			.($after_field != '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->escape_identifiers($after_field) : '');
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php
index 0802677fc..f802383d2 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php
@@ -92,12 +92,12 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_result extends CI_DB_result {
 		$retval = array();
 		foreach (sqlsrv_field_metadata($this->result_id) as $offset => $field)
 		{
-			$F 				= new stdClass();
-			$F->name 		= $field['Name'];
-			$F->type 		= $field['Type'];
+			$F 		= new stdClass();
+			$F->name 	= $field['Name'];
+			$F->type 	= $field['Type'];
 			$F->max_length	= $field['Size'];
 			$F->primary_key = 0;
-			$F->default		= '';
+			$F->default	= '';
 
 			$retval[] = $F;
 		}
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php
index 394964b6a..5a71b1628 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	 * SQLSRV Export
 	 *
 	 * @param	array	Preferences
-	 * @return	mixed
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _backup($params = array())
 	{