Merge upstream branch

51 files changed, 686 insertions, 1017 deletions

diff --git a/system/database/DB.php b/system/database/DB.php
index d06ffb40e..116116bf4 100755
--- a/system/database/DB.php
+++ b/system/database/DB.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
diff --git a/system/database/DB_active_rec.php b/system/database/DB_active_rec.php
index de8cfc1ca..fe591dda1 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_active_rec.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_active_rec.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
-class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
+abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 	protected $return_delete_sql		= FALSE;
 	protected $reset_delete_data		= FALSE;
@@ -214,6 +214,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 		$sql = $this->protect_identifiers($type.'('.trim($select).')').' AS '.$this->protect_identifiers(trim($alias));
 		$this->ar_select[] = $sql;
+		$this->ar_no_escape[] = NULL;
 
 		if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
 		{
@@ -2196,19 +2197,19 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	protected function _reset_write()
 	{
 		$this->_reset_run(array(
-					'ar_set'	=> array(),
-					'ar_from'	=> array(),
-					'ar_where'	=> array(),
-					'ar_like'	=> array(),
-					'ar_orderby'	=> array(),
-					'ar_keys'	=> array(),
-					'ar_limit'	=> FALSE,
-					'ar_order'	=> FALSE
-					)
-				);
+			'ar_set'	=> array(),
+			'ar_from'	=> array(),
+			'ar_where'	=> array(),
+			'ar_like'	=> array(),
+			'ar_orderby'	=> array(),
+			'ar_keys'	=> array(),
+			'ar_limit'	=> FALSE,
+			'ar_order'	=> FALSE
+			)
+		);
 	}
 
 }
 
 /* End of file DB_active_rec.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB_active_rec.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB_active_rec.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/DB_cache.php b/system/database/DB_cache.php
index 79651fcb0..58e6968c0 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_cache.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_cache.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -183,4 +183,4 @@ class CI_DB_Cache {
 }
 
 /* End of file DB_cache.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB_cache.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB_cache.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/DB_driver.php b/system/database/DB_driver.php
index 025441f90..42b1b35aa 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_driver.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
-class CI_DB_driver {
+abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 
 	public $dsn;
 	public $username;
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		// Now we set the character set and that's all
-		return $this->db_set_charset($this->char_set, $this->dbcollat);
+		return $this->db_set_charset($this->char_set);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -177,9 +177,9 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	public function db_set_charset($charset, $collation = '')
+	public function db_set_charset($charset)
 	{
-		if (method_exists($this, '_db_set_charset') && ! $this->_db_set_charset($charset, $collation))
+		if (method_exists($this, '_db_set_charset') && ! $this->_db_set_charset($charset))
 		{
 			log_message('error', 'Unable to set database connection charset: '.$charset);
 
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function escape($str)
 	{
-		if (is_string($str))
+		if (is_string($str) OR method_exists($str, '__toString'))
 		{
 			$str = "'".$this->escape_str($str)."'";
 		}
@@ -1357,11 +1357,9 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 	 *
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	protected function _reset_select()
-	{
-	}
+	abstract protected function _reset_select();
 
 }
 
 /* End of file DB_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/DB_forge.php b/system/database/DB_forge.php
index 336e9497d..34c502a99 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_forge.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
-class CI_DB_forge {
+abstract class CI_DB_forge {
 
 	public $fields		= array();
 	public $keys		= array();
@@ -346,4 +346,4 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 }
 
 /* End of file DB_forge.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB_forge.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB_forge.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/DB_result.php b/system/database/DB_result.php
index 61aa56121..04f964fb1 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_result.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_result.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -392,4 +392,4 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 }
 
 /* End of file DB_result.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB_result.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB_result.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/DB_utility.php b/system/database/DB_utility.php
index 4c881d8a1..642a004bd 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_utility.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
-class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
+abstract class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 
 	public $db;
 	public $data_cache		= array();
@@ -384,4 +384,4 @@ class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 }
 
 /* End of file DB_utility.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB_utility.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB_utility.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
index 3c0850ad3..f39c2ad76 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CUBRID Database Adapter Class
  *
@@ -42,39 +40,35 @@
  */
 class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 
-	// Default CUBRID Broker port. Will be used unless user
-	// explicitly specifies another one.
-	const DEFAULT_PORT = 33000;
-
-	var $dbdriver = 'cubrid';
+	public $dbdriver = 'cubrid';
 
 	// The character used for escaping - no need in CUBRID
-	var	$_escape_char = '';
+	protected $_escape_char = '';
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences - not used in CUBRID
-	var $_like_escape_str = '';
-	var $_like_escape_chr = '';
+	protected $_like_escape_str = '';
+	protected $_like_escape_chr = '';
 
 	/**
 	 * The syntax to count rows is slightly different across different
 	 * database engines, so this string appears in each driver and is
 	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() functions.
 	 */
-	var $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
-	var $_random_keyword = ' RAND()'; // database specific random keyword
+	protected $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
+	protected $_random_keyword = ' RAND()'; // database specific random keyword
 
 	/**
 	 * Non-persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_connect()
+	public function db_connect()
 	{
 		// If no port is defined by the user, use the default value
 		if ($this->port == '')
 		{
-			$this->port = self::DEFAULT_PORT;
+			// Default CUBRID Broker port
+			$this->port = 33000;
 		}
 
 		$conn = cubrid_connect($this->hostname, $this->port, $this->database, $this->username, $this->password);
@@ -101,6 +95,7 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 
 	/**
 	 * Persistent database connection
+	 *
 	 * In CUBRID persistent DB connection is supported natively in CUBRID
 	 * engine which can be configured in the CUBRID Broker configuration
 	 * file by setting the CCI_PCONNECT parameter to ON. In that case, all
@@ -109,10 +104,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @cubrid_connect function will establish persisten connection
 	 * considering that the CCI_PCONNECT is ON.
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_pconnect()
+	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
 		return $this->db_connect();
 	}
@@ -125,10 +119,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
 	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function reconnect()
+	public function reconnect()
 	{
 		if (cubrid_ping($this->conn_id) === FALSE)
 		{
@@ -141,10 +134,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Select the database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_select()
+	public function db_select()
 	{
 		// In CUBRID there is no need to select a database as the database
 		// is chosen at the connection time.
@@ -172,42 +164,22 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Execute the query
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function _execute($sql)
+	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
-		$sql = $this->_prep_query($sql);
 		return @cubrid_query($sql, $this->conn_id);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Prep the query
-	 *
-	 * If needed, each database adapter can prep the query string
-	 *
-	 * @access	private called by execute()
-	 * @param	string	an SQL query
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	function _prep_query($sql)
-	{
-		// No need to prepare
-		return $sql;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * Begin Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
+	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -238,10 +210,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Commit Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_commit()
+	public function trans_commit()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -269,10 +240,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Rollback Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_rollback()
+	public function trans_rollback()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -300,12 +270,11 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Escape String
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	bool	whether or not the string will be used in a LIKE condition
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
+	public function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (is_array($str))
 		{
@@ -352,10 +321,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Insert ID
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function insert_id()
+	public function insert_id()
 	{
 		return @cubrid_insert_id($this->conn_id);
 	}
@@ -368,11 +336,10 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
 	 * the specified table
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function count_all($table = '')
+	public function count_all($table = '')
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
@@ -397,11 +364,10 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @param	boolean
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$sql = "SHOW TABLES";
 
@@ -420,11 +386,10 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the column names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_columns($table = '')
+	protected function _list_columns($table = '')
 	{
 		return 'SHOW COLUMNS FROM '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
 	}
@@ -436,11 +401,10 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that the column data can be retrieved
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _field_data($table)
+	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
 		return "SELECT * FROM ".$table." LIMIT 1";
 	}
@@ -465,11 +429,10 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * This function escapes column and table names
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _escape_identifiers($item)
+	public function _escape_identifiers($item)
 	{
 		if ($this->_escape_char == '')
 		{
@@ -508,11 +471,10 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * This function implicitly groups FROM tables so there is no confusion
 	 * about operator precedence in harmony with SQL standards
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	type
-	 * @return	type
+	 * @param	array
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _from_tables($tables)
+	protected function _from_tables($tables)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($tables))
 		{
@@ -529,13 +491,12 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the insert keys
 	 * @param	array	the insert values
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
 		return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (\"".implode('", "', $keys)."\") VALUES (".implode(', ', $values).")";
 	}
@@ -548,13 +509,12 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific replace string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the insert keys
 	 * @param	array	the insert values
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _replace($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _replace($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
 		return "REPLACE INTO ".$table." (\"".implode('", "', $keys)."\") VALUES (".implode(', ', $values).")";
 	}
@@ -566,13 +526,12 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the insert keys
 	 * @param	array	the insert values
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
 		return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (\"".implode('", "', $keys)."\") VALUES ".implode(', ', $values);
 	}
@@ -585,7 +544,6 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
@@ -593,7 +551,7 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @param	array	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
@@ -621,13 +579,12 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific batch update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update_batch($table, $values, $index, $where = NULL)
+	protected function _update_batch($table, $values, $index, $where = NULL)
 	{
 		$ids = array();
 		$where = ($where != '' AND count($where) >=1) ? implode(" ", $where).' AND ' : '';
@@ -668,7 +625,6 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-
 	/**
 	 * Truncate statement
 	 *
@@ -676,11 +632,10 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * If the database does not support the truncate() command
 	 * This function maps to "DELETE FROM table"
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _truncate($table)
+	protected function _truncate($table)
 	{
 		return "TRUNCATE ".$table;
 	}
@@ -692,13 +647,12 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific delete string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @param	string	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$conditions = '';
 
@@ -726,13 +680,12 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific LIMIT clause
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the sql query string
-	 * @param	integer	the number of rows to limit the query to
-	 * @param	integer	the offset value
+	 * @param	int	the number of rows to limit the query to
+	 * @param	int	the offset value
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
+	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
 		if ($offset == 0)
 		{
@@ -751,17 +704,15 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close($conn_id)
 	{
 		@cubrid_close($conn_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
-
 /* End of file cubrid_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
index 76002cb38..bbda484c4 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CUBRID Forge Class
  *
@@ -39,11 +37,10 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Create database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _create_database($name)
+	public function _create_database($name)
 	{
 		// CUBRID does not allow to create a database in SQL. The GUI tools
 		// have to be used for this purpose.
@@ -55,11 +52,10 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Drop database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _drop_database($name)
+	public function _drop_database($name)
 	{
 		// CUBRID does not allow to drop a database in SQL. The GUI tools
 		// have to be used for this purpose.
@@ -71,16 +67,15 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Process Fields
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	mixed	the fields
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _process_fields($fields)
+	protected function _process_fields($fields)
 	{
 		$current_field_count = 0;
 		$sql = '';
 
-		foreach ($fields as $field=>$attributes)
+		foreach ($fields as $field => $attributes)
 		{
 			// Numeric field names aren't allowed in databases, so if the key is
 			// numeric, we know it was assigned by PHP and the developer manually
@@ -172,15 +167,14 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Create Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	mixed	the fields
 	 * @param	mixed	primary key(s)
 	 * @param	mixed	key(s)
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
+	 * @param	bool	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
+	public function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
 	{
 		$sql = 'CREATE TABLE ';
 
@@ -232,10 +226,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Drop Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _drop_table($table)
+	public function _drop_table($table)
 	{
 		return "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ".$this->db->_escape_identifiers($table);
 	}
@@ -248,14 +241,13 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be altered
 	 * Called by add_column(), drop_column(), and column_alter(),
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the ALTER type (ADD, DROP, CHANGE)
 	 * @param	string	the column name
 	 * @param	array	fields
 	 * @param	string	the field after which we should add the new field
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $fields, $after_field = '')
+	public function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $fields, $after_field = '')
 	{
 		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' ';
 
@@ -282,12 +274,11 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be renamed
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the old table name
 	 * @param	string	the new table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
+	public function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
 	{
 		return 'RENAME TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table_name).' AS '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($new_table_name);
 	}
@@ -295,4 +286,4 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 }
 
 /* End of file cubrid_forge.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php
index 4c0fede10..6a61a213d 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CUBRID Result Class
  *
@@ -41,10 +39,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Number of rows in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_rows()
+	public function num_rows()
 	{
 		return @cubrid_num_rows($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -54,10 +51,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Number of fields in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_fields()
+	public function num_fields()
 	{
 		return @cubrid_num_fields($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -69,10 +65,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of column names
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function list_fields()
+	public function list_fields()
 	{
 		return cubrid_column_names($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -84,10 +79,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of objects containing field meta-data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function field_data()
+	public function field_data()
 	{
 		$retval = array();
 
@@ -147,9 +141,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Free the result
 	 *
-	 * @return	null
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function free_result()
+	public function free_result()
 	{
 		if(is_resource($this->result_id) ||
 			get_resource_type($this->result_id) == "Unknown" &&
@@ -169,10 +163,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 * this internally before fetching results to make sure the
 	 * result set starts at zero
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _data_seek($n = 0)
+	protected function _data_seek($n = 0)
 	{
 		return cubrid_data_seek($this->result_id, $n);
 	}
@@ -184,10 +177,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an array
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _fetch_assoc()
+	protected function _fetch_assoc()
 	{
 		return cubrid_fetch_assoc($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -199,16 +191,14 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an object
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _fetch_object()
+	protected function _fetch_object()
 	{
 		return cubrid_fetch_object($this->result_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
-
 /* End of file cubrid_result.php */
 /* Location: ./system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php
index 750c0d8dd..dafd66146 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CUBRID Utility Class
  *
@@ -39,10 +37,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	/**
 	 * List databases
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _list_databases()
+	public function _list_databases()
 	{
 		// CUBRID does not allow to see the list of all databases on the
 		// server. It is the way its architecture is designed. Every
@@ -66,12 +63,11 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be optimized
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	bool
 	 * @link 	http://www.cubrid.org/manual/840/en/Optimize%20Database
 	 */
-	function _optimize_table($table)
+	public function _optimize_table($table)
 	{
 		// No SQL based support in CUBRID as of version 8.4.0. Database or
 		// table optimization can be performed using CUBRID Manager
@@ -86,12 +82,11 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be repaired
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	bool
 	 * @link 	http://www.cubrid.org/manual/840/en/Checking%20Database%20Consistency
 	 */
-	function _repair_table($table)
+	public function _repair_table($table)
 	{
 		// Not supported in CUBRID as of version 8.4.0. Database or
 		// table consistency can be checked using CUBRID Manager
@@ -103,11 +98,10 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	/**
 	 * CUBRID Export
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array	Preferences
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _backup($params = array())
+	public function _backup($params = array())
 	{
 		// No SQL based support in CUBRID as of version 8.4.0. Database or
 		// table backup can be performed using CUBRID Manager
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php
index bacb6688c..9fa03adc7 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -148,28 +148,12 @@ class CI_DB_interbase_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
-		$sql = $this->_prep_query($sql);
 		return @ibase_query($this->conn_id, $sql);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Prep the query
-	 *
-	 * If needed, each database adapter can prep the query string
-	 *
-	 * @param	string	an SQL query
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	protected function _prep_query($sql)
-	{
-		return $sql;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * Begin Transaction
 	 *
 	 * @return	bool
@@ -623,4 +607,4 @@ SQL;
 }
 
 /* End of file interbase_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_forge.php
index 023d278ce..f46043569 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_forge.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_result.php b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_result.php
index 4b15eee20..5bf0c902d 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_result.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_utility.php
index 76a0497c1..a88055ee0 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_utility.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
index 39b84f9c6..1c1b84582 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * MS SQL Database Adapter Class
  *
@@ -42,30 +40,29 @@
  */
 class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 
-	var $dbdriver = 'mssql';
+	public $dbdriver = 'mssql';
 
 	// The character used for escaping
-	var $_escape_char = '';
+	protected $_escape_char = '';
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences
-	var $_like_escape_str = " ESCAPE '%s' ";
-	var $_like_escape_chr = '!';
+	protected $_like_escape_str = " ESCAPE '%s' ";
+	protected $_like_escape_chr = '!';
 
 	/**
 	 * The syntax to count rows is slightly different across different
 	 * database engines, so this string appears in each driver and is
 	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() functions.
 	 */
-	var $_count_string = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS ";
-	var $_random_keyword = ' ASC'; // not currently supported
+	protected $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
+	protected $_random_keyword = ' ASC'; // not currently supported
 
 	/**
 	 * Non-persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_connect()
+	public function db_connect()
 	{
 		if ($this->port != '')
 		{
@@ -80,10 +77,9 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_pconnect()
+	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
 		if ($this->port != '')
 		{
@@ -101,10 +97,9 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
 	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function reconnect()
+	public function reconnect()
 	{
 		// not implemented in MSSQL
 	}
@@ -140,41 +135,22 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Execute the query
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function _execute($sql)
+	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
-		$sql = $this->_prep_query($sql);
 		return @mssql_query($sql, $this->conn_id);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Prep the query
-	 *
-	 * If needed, each database adapter can prep the query string
-	 *
-	 * @access	private called by execute()
-	 * @param	string	an SQL query
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	function _prep_query($sql)
-	{
-		return $sql;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * Begin Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
+	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -201,10 +177,9 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Commit Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_commit()
+	public function trans_commit()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -226,10 +201,9 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Rollback Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_rollback()
+	public function trans_rollback()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -251,12 +225,11 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Escape String
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	bool	whether or not the string will be used in a LIKE condition
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
+	public function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (is_array($str))
 		{
@@ -289,10 +262,9 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Affected Rows
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function affected_rows()
+	public function affected_rows()
 	{
 		return @mssql_rows_affected($this->conn_id);
 	}
@@ -300,14 +272,13 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	* Insert ID
-	*
-	* Returns the last id created in the Identity column.
-	*
-	* @access public
-	* @return integer
-	*/
-	function insert_id()
+	 * Insert ID
+	 *
+	 * Returns the last id created in the Identity column.
+	 *
+	 * @return	string
+	 */
+	public function insert_id()
 	{
 		$ver = self::_parse_major_version($this->version());
 		$sql = ($ver >= 8 ? "SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY() AS last_id" : "SELECT @@IDENTITY AS last_id");
@@ -319,16 +290,15 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	* Parse major version
-	*
-	* Grabs the major version number from the
-	* database server version string passed in.
-	*
-	* @access private
-	* @param string $version
-	* @return int16 major version number
-	*/
-	function _parse_major_version($version)
+	 * Parse major version
+	 *
+	 * Grabs the major version number from the
+	 * database server version string passed in.
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	$version
+	 * @return	int	major version number
+	 */
+	protected function _parse_major_version($version)
 	{
 		preg_match('/([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)/', $version, $ver_info);
 		return $ver_info[1]; // return the major version b/c that's all we're interested in.
@@ -337,10 +307,10 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	* Version number query string
-	*
-	* @return	string
-	*/
+	 * Version number query string
+	 *
+	 * @return	string
+	 */
 	protected function _version()
 	{
 		return 'SELECT @@VERSION AS ver';
@@ -354,11 +324,10 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
 	 * the specified database
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function count_all($table = '')
+	public function count_all($table = '')
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
@@ -383,11 +352,10 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @param	boolean
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$sql = "SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE type = 'U' ORDER BY name";
 
@@ -408,11 +376,10 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the column names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_columns($table = '')
+	protected function _list_columns($table = '')
 	{
 		return "SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.Columns WHERE TABLE_NAME = '".$table."'";
 	}
@@ -424,11 +391,10 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that the column data can be retrieved
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _field_data($table)
+	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
 		return "SELECT TOP 1 * FROM ".$table;
 	}
@@ -457,11 +423,10 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * This function escapes column and table names
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _escape_identifiers($item)
+	public function _escape_identifiers($item)
 	{
 		if ($this->_escape_char == '')
 		{
@@ -500,11 +465,10 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * This function implicitly groups FROM tables so there is no confusion
 	 * about operator precedence in harmony with SQL standards
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	type
-	 * @return	type
+	 * @param	array
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _from_tables($tables)
+	protected function _from_tables($tables)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($tables))
 		{
@@ -521,13 +485,12 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the insert keys
 	 * @param	array	the insert values
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
 		return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES (".implode(', ', $values).")";
 	}
@@ -539,7 +502,6 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
@@ -547,7 +509,7 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @param	array	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
@@ -577,11 +539,10 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * If the database does not support the truncate() command
 	 * This function maps to "DELETE FROM table"
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _truncate($table)
+	protected function _truncate($table)
 	{
 		return "TRUNCATE ".$table;
 	}
@@ -627,13 +588,12 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific LIMIT clause
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the sql query string
-	 * @param	integer	the number of rows to limit the query to
-	 * @param	integer	the offset value
+	 * @param	int	the number of rows to limit the query to
+	 * @param	int	the offset value
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
+	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
 		$i = $limit + $offset;
 
@@ -645,18 +605,15 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close($conn_id)
 	{
 		@mssql_close($conn_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
-
-
 /* End of file mssql_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php
index ec97805ac..2e3e314ed 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * MS SQL Forge Class
  *
@@ -39,11 +37,10 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Create database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _create_database($name)
+	public function _create_database($name)
 	{
 		return "CREATE DATABASE ".$name;
 	}
@@ -53,11 +50,10 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Drop database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _drop_database($name)
+	public function _drop_database($name)
 	{
 		return "DROP DATABASE ".$name;
 	}
@@ -67,10 +63,10 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Drop Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @param	string	table name
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _drop_table($table)
+	public function _drop_table($table)
 	{
 		return "DROP TABLE ".$this->db->_escape_identifiers($table);
 	}
@@ -80,15 +76,14 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Create Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the fields
 	 * @param	mixed	primary key(s)
 	 * @param	mixed	key(s)
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @param	bool	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
+	public function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
 	{
 		$sql = 'CREATE TABLE ';
 
@@ -100,7 +95,7 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 		$sql .= $this->db->_escape_identifiers($table)." (";
 		$current_field_count = 0;
 
-		foreach ($fields as $field=>$attributes)
+		foreach ($fields as $field => $attributes)
 		{
 			// Numeric field names aren't allowed in databases, so if the key is
 			// numeric, we know it was assigned by PHP and the developer manually
@@ -190,17 +185,16 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be altered
 	 * Called by add_column(), drop_column(), and column_alter(),
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the ALTER type (ADD, DROP, CHANGE)
 	 * @param	string	the column name
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	string	the column definition
 	 * @param	string	the default value
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'NOT NULL' be added
+	 * @param	bool	should 'NOT NULL' be added
 	 * @param	string	the field after which we should add the new field
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
+	public function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
 	{
 		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($column_name);
 
@@ -242,12 +236,11 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be renamed
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the old table name
 	 * @param	string	the new table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
+	public function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
 	{
 		// I think this syntax will work, but can find little documentation on renaming tables in MSSQL
 		return 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table_name).' RENAME TO '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($new_table_name);
@@ -256,4 +249,4 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 }
 
 /* End of file mssql_forge.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php
index bba2e6243..2723f4614 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * MS SQL Result Class
  *
@@ -41,10 +39,9 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Number of rows in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_rows()
+	public function num_rows()
 	{
 		return @mssql_num_rows($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -54,10 +51,9 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Number of fields in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_fields()
+	public function num_fields()
 	{
 		return @mssql_num_fields($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -69,10 +65,9 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of column names
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function list_fields()
+	public function list_fields()
 	{
 		$field_names = array();
 		while ($field = mssql_fetch_field($this->result_id))
@@ -90,10 +85,9 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of objects containing field meta-data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function field_data()
+	public function field_data()
 	{
 		$retval = array();
 		while ($field = mssql_fetch_field($this->result_id))
@@ -116,9 +110,9 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Free the result
 	 *
-	 * @return	null
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function free_result()
+	public function free_result()
 	{
 		if (is_resource($this->result_id))
 		{
@@ -136,10 +130,9 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 * this internally before fetching results to make sure the
 	 * result set starts at zero
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _data_seek($n = 0)
+	protected function _data_seek($n = 0)
 	{
 		return mssql_data_seek($this->result_id, $n);
 	}
@@ -151,10 +144,9 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an array
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _fetch_assoc()
+	protected function _fetch_assoc()
 	{
 		return mssql_fetch_assoc($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -166,16 +158,14 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an object
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _fetch_object()
+	protected function _fetch_object()
 	{
 		return mssql_fetch_object($this->result_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
-
 /* End of file mssql_result.php */
 /* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php
index be6ed5bb0..5c144330d 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * MS SQL Utility Class
  *
@@ -39,10 +37,9 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	/**
 	 * List databases
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_databases()
+	public function _list_databases()
 	{
 		return "EXEC sp_helpdb"; // Can also be: EXEC sp_databases
 	}
@@ -54,11 +51,10 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be optimized
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _optimize_table($table)
+	public function _optimize_table($table)
 	{
 		return FALSE; // Is this supported in MS SQL?
 	}
@@ -70,11 +66,10 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be repaired
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _repair_table($table)
+	public function _repair_table($table)
 	{
 		return FALSE; // Is this supported in MS SQL?
 	}
@@ -84,11 +79,10 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	/**
 	 * MSSQL Export
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array	Preferences
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _backup($params = array())
+	public function _backup($params = array())
 	{
 		// Currently unsupported
 		return $this->db->display_error('db_unsuported_feature');
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
index cd1763751..bef4111c3 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -144,14 +144,11 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Set client character set
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	protected function _db_set_charset($charset, $collation)
+	protected function _db_set_charset($charset)
 	{
-		return function_exists('mysql_set_charset')
-			? @mysql_set_charset($charset, $this->conn_id)
-			: @mysql_query("SET NAMES '".$this->escape_str($charset)."' COLLATE '".$this->escape_str($collation)."'", $this->conn_id);
+		return @mysql_set_charset($charset, $this->conn_id);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -289,18 +286,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	   		return $str;
 	   	}
 
-		if (function_exists('mysql_real_escape_string') && is_resource($this->conn_id))
-		{
-			$str = mysql_real_escape_string($str, $this->conn_id);
-		}
-		elseif (function_exists('mysql_escape_string'))
-		{
-			$str = mysql_escape_string($str);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$str = addslashes($str);
-		}
+		$str = is_resource($this->conn_id) ? mysql_real_escape_string($str, $this->conn_id) : addslashes($str);
 
 		// escape LIKE condition wildcards
 		if ($like === TRUE)
@@ -715,4 +701,4 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 }
 
 /* End of file mysql_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php
index a907b20fa..11172b41b 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * @param	mixed	the fields
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	private function _process_fields($fields)
+	protected function _process_fields($fields)
 	{
 		$current_field_count = 0;
 		$sql = '';
@@ -237,4 +237,4 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 }
 
 /* End of file mysql_forge.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php
index 5a65d9c72..f76076f4c 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -166,4 +166,4 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 }
 
 /* End of file mysql_result.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php
index 952f887fe..2d89cb9cb 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -204,4 +204,4 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 }
 
 /* End of file mysql_utility.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
index d06119a13..4c5d52127 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -144,14 +144,11 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Set client character set
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	protected function _db_set_charset($charset, $collation)
+	protected function _db_set_charset($charset)
 	{
-		return function_exists('mysqli_set_charset')
-			? @mysqli_set_charset($this->conn_id, $charset)
-			: @mysqli_query($this->conn_id, "SET NAMES '".$this->escape_str($charset)."' COLLATE '".$this->escape_str($collation)."'");
+		return @mysqli_set_charset($this->conn_id, $charset);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -289,18 +286,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 			return $str;
 		}
 
-		if (function_exists('mysqli_real_escape_string') && is_object($this->conn_id))
-		{
-			$str = mysqli_real_escape_string($this->conn_id, $str);
-		}
-		elseif (function_exists('mysql_escape_string'))
-		{
-			$str = mysql_escape_string($str);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$str = addslashes($str);
-		}
+		$str = is_object($this->conn_id) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($this->conn_id, $str) : addslashes($str);
 
 		// escape LIKE condition wildcards
 		if ($like === TRUE)
@@ -711,4 +697,4 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 }
 
 /* End of file mysqli_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php
index 744525f02..8cf0ae1fd 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * @param	mixed	the fields
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	public function _process_fields($fields)
+	protected function _process_fields($fields)
 	{
 		$current_field_count = 0;
 		$sql = '';
@@ -86,9 +86,32 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
 				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->protect_identifiers($field)
 					.( ! empty($attributes['NAME']) ? ' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($attributes['NAME']).' ' : '')
-					.( ! empty($attributes['TYPE']) ? ' '.$attributes['TYPE'] : '')
-					.( ! empty($attributes['CONSTRAINT']) ? '('.$attributes['CONSTRAINT'].')' : '')
-					.(( ! empty($attributes['UNSIGNED']) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE) ? ' UNSIGNED' : '')
+				;
+
+				if ( ! empty($attributes['TYPE']))
+				{
+					$sql .=  ' '.$attributes['TYPE'];
+
+					if ( ! empty($attributes['CONSTRAINT']))
+					{
+						switch (strtolower($attributes['TYPE']))
+						{
+							case 'decimal':
+							case 'float':
+							case 'numeric':
+								$sql .= '('.implode(',', $attributes['CONSTRAINT']).')';
+								break;
+							case 'enum':
+							case 'set':
+								$sql .= '("'.implode('","', $attributes['CONSTRAINT']).'")';
+								break;
+							default:
+								$sql .= '('.$attributes['CONSTRAINT'].')';
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				$sql .= (( ! empty($attributes['UNSIGNED']) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE) ? ' UNSIGNED' : '')
 					.(isset($attributes['DEFAULT']) ? " DEFAULT '".$attributes['DEFAULT']."'" : '')
 					.(( ! empty($attributes['NULL']) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE) ? ' NULL' : ' NOT NULL')
 					.(( ! empty($attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT']) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE) ? ' AUTO_INCREMENT' : '');
@@ -214,4 +237,4 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 }
 
 /* End of file mysqli_forge.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php
index 8b909cc56..83d88aae3 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -167,4 +167,4 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_result extends CI_DB_result {
 }
 
 /* End of file mysqli_result.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php
index 3fdc5c723..4d7002e78 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -90,4 +90,4 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 }
 
 /* End of file mysqli_utility.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
index 8db6c1286..e3846bc1a 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  * 
@@ -180,26 +180,10 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	{
 		if ( ! is_resource($this->stmt_id))
 		{
-			$this->stmt_id = oci_parse($this->conn_id, $this->_prep_query($sql));
+			$this->stmt_id = oci_parse($this->conn_id, $sql);
 		}
 	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Prep the query
-	 *
-	 * If needed, each database adapter can prep the query string
-	 *
-	 * @access  private called by execute()
-	 * @param   string  an SQL query
-	 * @return  string
-	 */
-	private function _prep_query($sql)
-	{
-		return $sql;
-	}
-
+	
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -797,7 +781,5 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 
 }
 
-
-
 /* End of file oci8_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
index 48f98d022..0a251998b 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  * 
@@ -225,4 +225,4 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 }
 
 /* End of file oci8_forge.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
index 383b9f1a0..a14e32eec 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  * 
@@ -235,6 +235,5 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
 }
 
-
 /* End of file oci8_result.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php
index d60f98bc4..62dfb2f3c 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  * 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
index 2575f431d..6704264c6 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * ODBC Database Adapter Class
  *
@@ -42,25 +40,25 @@
  */
 class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 
-	var $dbdriver = 'odbc';
+	public $dbdriver = 'odbc';
 
 	// the character used to excape - not necessary for ODBC
-	var $_escape_char = '';
+	protected $_escape_char = '';
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences
-	var $_like_escape_str = " {escape '%s'} ";
-	var $_like_escape_chr = '!';
+	protected $_like_escape_str = " {escape '%s'} ";
+	protected $_like_escape_chr = '!';
 
 	/**
 	 * The syntax to count rows is slightly different across different
 	 * database engines, so this string appears in each driver and is
 	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() functions.
 	 */
-	var $_count_string = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS ";
-	var $_random_keyword;
+	protected $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
+	protected $_random_keyword;
 
 
-	function __construct($params)
+	public function __construct($params)
 	{
 		parent::__construct($params);
 
@@ -70,10 +68,9 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Non-persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_connect()
+	public function db_connect()
 	{
 		return @odbc_connect($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password);
 	}
@@ -83,10 +80,9 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_pconnect()
+	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
 		return @odbc_pconnect($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password);
 	}
@@ -99,10 +95,9 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
 	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function reconnect()
+	public function reconnect()
 	{
 		// not implemented in odbc
 	}
@@ -112,10 +107,9 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Select the database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_select()
+	public function db_select()
 	{
 		// Not needed for ODBC
 		return TRUE;
@@ -126,41 +120,22 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Execute the query
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function _execute($sql)
+	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
-		$sql = $this->_prep_query($sql);
 		return @odbc_exec($this->conn_id, $sql);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Prep the query
-	 *
-	 * If needed, each database adapter can prep the query string
-	 *
-	 * @access	private called by execute()
-	 * @param	string	an SQL query
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	function _prep_query($sql)
-	{
-		return $sql;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * Begin Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
+	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -186,10 +161,9 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Commit Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_commit()
+	public function trans_commit()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -212,10 +186,9 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Rollback Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_rollback()
+	public function trans_rollback()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -238,12 +211,11 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Escape String
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	bool	whether or not the string will be used in a LIKE condition
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
+	public function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (is_array($str))
 		{
@@ -261,9 +233,9 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 		// escape LIKE condition wildcards
 		if ($like === TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = str_replace(	array('%', '_', $this->_like_escape_chr),
-								array($this->_like_escape_chr.'%', $this->_like_escape_chr.'_', $this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr),
-								$str);
+			return str_replace(array($this->_like_escape_chr, '%', '_'),
+						array($this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr, $this->_like_escape_chr.'%', $this->_like_escape_chr.'_'),
+						$str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -274,10 +246,9 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Affected Rows
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function affected_rows()
+	public function affected_rows()
 	{
 		return @odbc_num_rows($this->conn_id);
 	}
@@ -302,11 +273,10 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
 	 * the specified database
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function count_all($table = '')
+	public function count_all($table = '')
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
@@ -332,11 +302,10 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @param	boolean
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$sql = "SHOW TABLES FROM `".$this->database."`";
 
@@ -356,11 +325,10 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the column names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_columns($table = '')
+	protected function _list_columns($table = '')
 	{
 		return "SHOW COLUMNS FROM ".$table;
 	}
@@ -372,11 +340,10 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that the column data can be retrieved
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _field_data($table)
+	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
 		return "SELECT TOP 1 FROM ".$table;
 	}
@@ -403,11 +370,10 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * This function escapes column and table names
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _escape_identifiers($item)
+	public function _escape_identifiers($item)
 	{
 		if ($this->_escape_char == '')
 		{
@@ -446,11 +412,10 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * This function implicitly groups FROM tables so there is no confusion
 	 * about operator precedence in harmony with SQL standards
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	type
-	 * @return	type
+	 * @param	array
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _from_tables($tables)
+	protected function _from_tables($tables)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($tables))
 		{
@@ -467,13 +432,12 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the insert keys
 	 * @param	array	the insert values
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
 		return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES (".implode(', ', $values).")";
 	}
@@ -485,7 +449,6 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
@@ -493,7 +456,7 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @param	array	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
@@ -523,11 +486,10 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * If the database does not support the truncate() command
 	 * This function maps to "DELETE FROM table"
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _truncate($table)
+	protected function _truncate($table)
 	{
 		return $this->_delete($table);
 	}
@@ -539,13 +501,12 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific delete string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @param	string	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$conditions = '';
 
@@ -573,13 +534,12 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific LIMIT clause
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the sql query string
-	 * @param	integer	the number of rows to limit the query to
-	 * @param	integer	the offset value
+	 * @param	int	the number of rows to limit the query to
+	 * @param	int	the offset value
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
+	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
 		// Does ODBC doesn't use the LIMIT clause?
 		return $sql;
@@ -590,19 +550,15 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close($conn_id)
 	{
 		@odbc_close($conn_id);
 	}
 
-
 }
 
-
-
 /* End of file odbc_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php
index 51addf03d..486a8dd7f 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * ODBC Forge Class
  *
@@ -39,11 +37,10 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Create database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _create_database()
+	public function _create_database()
 	{
 		// ODBC has no "create database" command since it's
 		// designed to connect to an existing database
@@ -59,11 +56,10 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Drop database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _drop_database($name)
+	public function _drop_database($name)
 	{
 		// ODBC has no "drop database" command since it's
 		// designed to connect to an existing database
@@ -79,15 +75,14 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Create Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the fields
 	 * @param	mixed	primary key(s)
 	 * @param	mixed	key(s)
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
+	 * @param	bool	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
+	public function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
 	{
 		$sql = 'CREATE TABLE ';
 
@@ -99,7 +94,7 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 		$sql .= $this->db->_escape_identifiers($table)." (";
 		$current_field_count = 0;
 
-		foreach ($fields as $field=>$attributes)
+		foreach ($fields as $field => $attributes)
 		{
 			// Numeric field names aren't allowed in databases, so if the key is
 			// numeric, we know it was assigned by PHP and the developer manually
@@ -186,10 +181,9 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Drop Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _drop_table($table)
+	public function _drop_table($table)
 	{
 		// Not a supported ODBC feature
 		if ($this->db->db_debug)
@@ -207,17 +201,16 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be altered
 	 * Called by add_column(), drop_column(), and column_alter(),
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the ALTER type (ADD, DROP, CHANGE)
 	 * @param	string	the column name
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	string	the column definition
 	 * @param	string	the default value
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'NOT NULL' be added
+	 * @param	bool	should 'NOT NULL' be added
 	 * @param	string	the field after which we should add the new field
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
+	public function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
 	{
 		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($column_name);
 
@@ -260,12 +253,11 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be renamed
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the old table name
 	 * @param	string	the new table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
+	public function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
 	{
 		return 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table_name).' RENAME TO '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($new_table_name);
 	}
@@ -273,4 +265,4 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 }
 
 /* End of file odbc_forge.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php
index de2c58cb9..30cc979ce 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * ODBC Result Class
  *
@@ -128,9 +126,9 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Free the result
 	 *
-	 * @return	null
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function free_result()
+	public function free_result()
 	{
 		if (is_resource($this->result_id))
 		{
@@ -148,10 +146,9 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 * this internally before fetching results to make sure the
 	 * result set starts at zero
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	array
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _data_seek($n = 0)
+	protected function _data_seek($n = 0)
 	{
 		return FALSE;
 	}
@@ -163,12 +160,11 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an array
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _fetch_assoc()
+	protected function _fetch_assoc()
 	{
-		if (function_exists('odbc_fetch_object'))
+		if (function_exists('odbc_fetch_array'))
 		{
 			return odbc_fetch_array($this->result_id);
 		}
@@ -185,10 +181,9 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an object
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _fetch_object()
+	protected function _fetch_object()
 	{
 		if (function_exists('odbc_fetch_object'))
 		{
@@ -200,6 +195,7 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_result extends CI_DB_result {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
 	 * Result - object
@@ -207,21 +203,24 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 * subsititutes the odbc_fetch_object function when
 	 * not available (odbc_fetch_object requires unixODBC)
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _odbc_fetch_object(& $odbc_result) {
+	protected function _odbc_fetch_object(& $odbc_result)
+	{
 		$rs = array();
 		$rs_obj = FALSE;
-		if (odbc_fetch_into($odbc_result, $rs)) {
-			foreach ($rs as $k=>$v) {
-				$field_name= odbc_field_name($odbc_result, $k+1);
+		if (odbc_fetch_into($odbc_result, $rs))
+		{
+			foreach ($rs as $k => $v)
+			{
+				$field_name = odbc_field_name($odbc_result, $k+1);
 				$rs_obj->$field_name = $v;
 			}
 		}
 		return $rs_obj;
 	}
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
 	 * Result - array
@@ -229,16 +228,18 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 * subsititutes the odbc_fetch_array function when
 	 * not available (odbc_fetch_array requires unixODBC)
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _odbc_fetch_array(& $odbc_result) {
+	protected function _odbc_fetch_array(& $odbc_result)
+	{
 		$rs = array();
 		$rs_assoc = FALSE;
-		if (odbc_fetch_into($odbc_result, $rs)) {
-			$rs_assoc=array();
-			foreach ($rs as $k=>$v) {
-				$field_name= odbc_field_name($odbc_result, $k+1);
+		if (odbc_fetch_into($odbc_result, $rs))
+		{
+			$rs_assoc = array();
+			foreach ($rs as $k => $v)
+			{
+				$field_name = odbc_field_name($odbc_result, $k+1);
 				$rs_assoc[$field_name] = $v;
 			}
 		}
@@ -318,4 +319,4 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_result extends CI_DB_result {
 }
 
 /* End of file odbc_result.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_utility.php
index bae3fe853..65445e96c 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_utility.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * ODBC Utility Class
  *
@@ -39,10 +37,9 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	/**
 	 * List databases
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _list_databases()
+	public function _list_databases()
 	{
 		// Not sure if ODBC lets you list all databases...
 		if ($this->db->db_debug)
@@ -59,11 +56,10 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be optimized
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _optimize_table($table)
+	public function _optimize_table($table)
 	{
 		// Not a supported ODBC feature
 		if ($this->db->db_debug)
@@ -80,11 +76,10 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be repaired
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _repair_table($table)
+	public function _repair_table($table)
 	{
 		// Not a supported ODBC feature
 		if ($this->db->db_debug)
@@ -99,11 +94,10 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	/**
 	 * ODBC Export
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array	Preferences
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _backup($params = array())
+	public function _backup($params = array())
 	{
 		// Currently unsupported
 		return $this->db->display_error('db_unsuported_feature');
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
index c8732ac3c..9b44e7c64 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  * 
@@ -561,6 +561,11 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 			// Analog function to show all tables in postgre
 			$sql = "SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = 'public'";
 		}
+		elseif ($this->pdodriver == 'sqlite')
+		{
+			// Analog function to show all tables in sqlite
+			$sql = "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%'";
+		}
 		else
 		{
 			$sql = "SHOW TABLES FROM `".$this->database."`";
@@ -603,6 +608,22 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	function _field_data($table)
 	{
+		if ($this->pdodriver == 'mysql' or $this->pdodriver == 'pgsql')
+		{
+			// Analog function for mysql and postgre
+			return 'SELECT * FROM '.$this->_from_tables($table).' LIMIT 1';
+		}
+		elseif ($this->pdodriver == 'oci')
+		{
+			// Analog function for oci
+			return 'SELECT * FROM '.$this->_from_tables($table).' WHERE ROWNUM <= 1';
+		}
+		elseif ($this->pdodriver == 'sqlite')
+		{
+			// Analog function for sqlite
+			return 'PRAGMA table_info('.$this->_from_tables($table).')';
+		}
+		
 		return 'SELECT TOP 1 FROM '.$this->_from_tables($table);
 	}
 
@@ -921,4 +942,4 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 }
 
 /* End of file pdo_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
index b4ddca5fe..2e5c81de3 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  * 
@@ -278,4 +278,4 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 }
 
 /* End of file pdo_forge.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
index c333abc40..384b753da 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  * 
@@ -160,9 +160,48 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	
 		try
 		{
-			for($i = 0; $i < $this->num_fields(); $i++)
+			if (strpos($this->result_id->queryString, 'PRAGMA') !== FALSE)
 			{
-				$data[] = $this->result_id->getColumnMeta($i);
+				foreach ($this->result_array() as $field)
+				{
+					preg_match('/([a-zA-Z]+)(\(\d+\))?/', $field['type'], $matches);
+
+					$F		= new stdClass();
+					$F->name	= $field['name'];
+					$F->type	= ( ! empty($matches[1])) ? $matches[1] : NULL;
+					$F->default	= NULL;
+					$F->max_length	= ( ! empty($matches[2])) ? preg_replace('/[^\d]/', '', $matches[2]) : NULL;
+					$F->primary_key = (int) $field['pk'];
+					$F->pdo_type	= NULL;
+					
+					$data[] = $F;
+				}
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				for($i = 0, $max = $this->num_fields(); $i < $max; $i++)
+				{
+					$field = $this->result_id->getColumnMeta($i);
+
+					$F		= new stdClass();
+					$F->name	= $field['name'];
+					$F->type	= $field['native_type'];
+					$F->default	= NULL;
+					$F->pdo_type	= $field['pdo_type'];
+					
+					if ($field['precision'] < 0)
+					{
+						$F->max_length	= NULL;
+						$F->primary_key = 0;
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						$F->max_length	= ($field['len'] > 255) ? 0 : $field['len'];
+						$F->primary_key = (int) ( ! empty($field['flags']) && in_array('primary_key', $field['flags']));
+					}
+
+					$data[] = $F;
+				}
 			}
 			
 			return $data;
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
index 971ec8803..c278c5172 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  * 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
index 6feec7353..3bfccad05 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Postgre Database Adapter Class
  *
@@ -42,29 +40,28 @@
  */
 class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 
-	var $dbdriver = 'postgre';
+	public $dbdriver = 'postgre';
 
-	var $_escape_char = '"';
+	protected $_escape_char = '"';
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences
-	var $_like_escape_str = " ESCAPE '%s' ";
-	var $_like_escape_chr = '!';
+	protected $_like_escape_str = " ESCAPE '%s' ";
+	protected $_like_escape_chr = '!';
 
 	/**
 	 * The syntax to count rows is slightly different across different
 	 * database engines, so this string appears in each driver and is
 	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() functions.
 	 */
-	var $_count_string = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS ";
-	var $_random_keyword = ' RANDOM()'; // database specific random keyword
+	protected $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
+	protected $_random_keyword = ' RANDOM()'; // database specific random keyword
 
 	/**
 	 * Connection String
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _connect_string()
+	protected function _connect_string()
 	{
 		$components = array(
 								'hostname'	=> 'host',
@@ -90,10 +87,9 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Non-persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_connect()
+	public function db_connect()
 	{
 		return @pg_connect($this->_connect_string());
 	}
@@ -103,10 +99,9 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_pconnect()
+	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
 		return @pg_pconnect($this->_connect_string());
 	}
@@ -119,10 +114,9 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
 	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function reconnect()
+	public function reconnect()
 	{
 		if (pg_ping($this->conn_id) === FALSE)
 		{
@@ -135,10 +129,9 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Select the database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_select()
+	public function db_select()
 	{
 		// Not needed for Postgre so we'll return TRUE
 		return TRUE;
@@ -191,35 +184,17 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Execute the query
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function _execute($sql)
+	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
-		$sql = $this->_prep_query($sql);
 		return @pg_query($this->conn_id, $sql);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Prep the query
-	 *
-	 * If needed, each database adapter can prep the query string
-	 *
-	 * @access	private called by execute()
-	 * @param	string	an SQL query
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	function _prep_query($sql)
-	{
-		return $sql;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * Begin Transaction
 	 *
 	 * @return	bool
@@ -281,12 +256,11 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Escape String
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	bool	whether or not the string will be used in a LIKE condition
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
+	public function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (is_array($str))
 		{
@@ -303,9 +277,9 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 		// escape LIKE condition wildcards
 		if ($like === TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = str_replace(	array('%', '_', $this->_like_escape_chr),
-								array($this->_like_escape_chr.'%', $this->_like_escape_chr.'_', $this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr),
-								$str);
+			return str_replace(array($this->_like_escape_chr, '%', '_'),
+						array($this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr, $this->_like_escape_chr.'%', $this->_like_escape_chr.'_'),
+						$str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -316,10 +290,9 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Affected Rows
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function affected_rows()
+	public function affected_rows()
 	{
 		return @pg_affected_rows($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -329,10 +302,9 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Insert ID
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function insert_id()
+	public function insert_id()
 	{
 		$v = $this->version();
 
@@ -372,11 +344,10 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
 	 * the specified database
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function count_all($table = '')
+	public function count_all($table = '')
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
@@ -401,11 +372,10 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @param	boolean
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$sql = "SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = 'public'";
 
@@ -424,11 +394,10 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the column names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_columns($table = '')
+	protected function _list_columns($table = '')
 	{
 		return "SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name ='".$table."'";
 	}
@@ -440,11 +409,10 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that the column data can be retrieved
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _field_data($table)
+	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
 		return "SELECT * FROM ".$table." LIMIT 1";
 	}
@@ -471,11 +439,10 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * This function escapes column and table names
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _escape_identifiers($item)
+	public function _escape_identifiers($item)
 	{
 		if ($this->_escape_char == '')
 		{
@@ -514,11 +481,10 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * This function implicitly groups FROM tables so there is no confusion
 	 * about operator precedence in harmony with SQL standards
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	type
-	 * @return	type
+	 * @param	array
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _from_tables($tables)
+	protected function _from_tables($tables)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($tables))
 		{
@@ -535,13 +501,12 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the insert keys
 	 * @param	array	the insert values
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
 		return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES (".implode(', ', $values).")";
 	}
@@ -553,13 +518,12 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
 	 * @param   string  the table name
 	 * @param   array   the insert keys
 	 * @param   array   the insert values
 	 * @return  string
 	 */
-	function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
 		return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES ".implode(', ', $values);
 	}
@@ -571,7 +535,6 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
@@ -579,7 +542,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @param	array	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
@@ -602,11 +565,10 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * If the database does not support the truncate() command
 	 * This function maps to "DELETE FROM table"
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _truncate($table)
+	protected function _truncate($table)
 	{
 		return "TRUNCATE ".$table;
 	}
@@ -618,13 +580,12 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific delete string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @param	string	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$conditions = '';
 
@@ -649,13 +610,12 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific LIMIT clause
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the sql query string
-	 * @param	integer	the number of rows to limit the query to
-	 * @param	integer	the offset value
+	 * @param	int	the number of rows to limit the query to
+	 * @param	int	the offset value
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
+	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
 		$sql .= "LIMIT ".$limit;
 
@@ -672,18 +632,15 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close($conn_id)
 	{
 		@pg_close($conn_id);
 	}
 
-
 }
 
-
 /* End of file postgre_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
index 4a7348aa6..a72449820 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Postgre Forge Class
  *
@@ -39,11 +37,10 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Create database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _create_database($name)
+	public function _create_database($name)
 	{
 		return "CREATE DATABASE ".$name;
 	}
@@ -53,29 +50,28 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Drop database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _drop_database($name)
+	public function _drop_database($name)
 	{
 		return "DROP DATABASE ".$name;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Process Fields
 	 *
 	 * @param	mixed	the fields
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _process_fields($fields, $primary_keys=array())
+	protected function _process_fields($fields, $primary_keys=array())
 	{
 		$sql = '';
 		$current_field_count = 0;
 
-		foreach ($fields as $field=>$attributes)
+		foreach ($fields as $field => $attributes)
 		{
 			// Numeric field names aren't allowed in databases, so if the key is
 			// numeric, we know it was assigned by PHP and the developer manually
@@ -168,7 +164,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 				$sql .= ',';
 			}
 		}
-		
+
 		return $sql;
 	}
 
@@ -177,15 +173,14 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Create Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the fields
 	 * @param	mixed	primary key(s)
 	 * @param	mixed	key(s)
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
+	 * @param	bool	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
+	public function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
 	{
 		$sql = 'CREATE TABLE ';
 
@@ -241,8 +236,10 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
 	/**
 	 * Drop Table
+	 *
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _drop_table($table)
+	public function _drop_table($table)
 	{
 		return "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ".$this->db->_escape_identifiers($table)." CASCADE";
 	}
@@ -255,7 +252,6 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be altered
 	 * Called by add_column(), drop_column(), and column_alter(),
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the ALTER type (ADD, DROP, CHANGE)
 	 * @param	string	the column name
 	 * @param	string	the table name
@@ -263,9 +259,9 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * @param	string	the default value
 	 * @param	boolean	should 'NOT NULL' be added
 	 * @param	string	the field after which we should add the new field
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
- 	function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $fields, $after_field = '')
+	public function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $fields, $after_field = '')
  	{
  		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' ';
 
@@ -292,16 +288,15 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be renamed
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the old table name
 	 * @param	string	the new table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
+	public function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
 	{
 		return 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table_name).' RENAME TO '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($new_table_name);
 	}
 }
 
 /* End of file postgre_forge.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php
index 9161bf955..8b22564b3 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Postgres Result Class
  *
@@ -41,10 +39,9 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Number of rows in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_rows()
+	public function num_rows()
 	{
 		return @pg_num_rows($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -54,10 +51,9 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Number of fields in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_fields()
+	public function num_fields()
 	{
 		return @pg_num_fields($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -69,10 +65,9 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of column names
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function list_fields()
+	public function list_fields()
 	{
 		$field_names = array();
 		for ($i = 0; $i < $this->num_fields(); $i++)
@@ -90,10 +85,9 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of objects containing field meta-data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function field_data()
+	public function field_data()
 	{
 		$retval = array();
 		for ($i = 0; $i < $this->num_fields(); $i++)
@@ -116,9 +110,9 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Free the result
 	 *
-	 * @return	null
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function free_result()
+	public function free_result()
 	{
 		if (is_resource($this->result_id))
 		{
@@ -132,14 +126,13 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Data Seek
 	 *
-	 * Moves the internal pointer to the desired offset.  We call
+	 * Moves the internal pointer to the desired offset. We call
 	 * this internally before fetching results to make sure the
 	 * result set starts at zero
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _data_seek($n = 0)
+	protected function _data_seek($n = 0)
 	{
 		return pg_result_seek($this->result_id, $n);
 	}
@@ -151,10 +144,9 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an array
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _fetch_assoc()
+	protected function _fetch_assoc()
 	{
 		return pg_fetch_assoc($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -166,16 +158,14 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an object
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _fetch_object()
+	protected function _fetch_object()
 	{
 		return pg_fetch_object($this->result_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
-
 /* End of file postgre_result.php */
 /* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
index c426b363b..c6b71b4d9 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -86,4 +86,4 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 }
 
 /* End of file postgre_utility.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
index 568a6b6b3..ffc57e72a 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 	protected $_escape_char = '"';
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences
-	protected $_like_escape_str = ' ESCAPE \'%s\' ';
+	protected $_like_escape_str = " ESCAPE '%s' ";
 	protected $_like_escape_chr = '!';
 
 	/**
@@ -155,7 +155,6 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
-		$sql = $this->_prep_query($sql);
 		return $this->is_write_type($sql)
 			? @sqlite_exec($this->conn_id, $sql)
 			: @sqlite_query($this->conn_id, $sql);
@@ -164,21 +163,6 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Prep the query
-	 *
-	 * If needed, each database adapter can prep the query string
-	 *
-	 * @param	string	an SQL query
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	protected function _prep_query($sql)
-	{
-		return $sql;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
 	 * Begin Transaction
 	 *
 	 * @return	bool
@@ -440,8 +424,8 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * This function implicitly groups FROM tables so there is no confusion
 	 * about operator precedence in harmony with SQL standards
 	 *
-	 * @param	type
-	 * @return	type
+	 * @param	array
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _from_tables($tables)
 	{
@@ -575,8 +559,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 		@sqlite_close($conn_id);
 	}
 
-
 }
 
 /* End of file sqlite_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php
index 7d847e340..4c91cc35f 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
 		return TRUE;
 	}
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	string	the column definition
 	 * @param	string	the default value
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'NOT NULL' be added
+	 * @param	bool	should 'NOT NULL' be added
 	 * @param	string	the field after which we should add the new field
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -210,4 +211,4 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 }
 
 /* End of file sqlite_forge.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php
index 91fe57ae1..ebc8ce9c8 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -168,4 +168,4 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_result extends CI_DB_result {
 }
 
 /* End of file sqlite_result.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_utility.php
index 8fefcd9e2..c07004c54 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_utility.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -94,4 +94,4 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 }
 
 /* End of file sqlite_utility.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_utility.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_utility.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
index 5c90cb4f2..2b9f82201 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * SQLSRV Database Adapter Class
  *
@@ -42,30 +40,29 @@
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 
-	var $dbdriver = 'sqlsrv';
+	public $dbdriver = 'sqlsrv';
 
 	// The character used for escaping
-	var $_escape_char = '';
+	protected $_escape_char = '';
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences
-	var $_like_escape_str = " ESCAPE '%s' ";
-	var $_like_escape_chr = '!';
+	protected $_like_escape_str = " ESCAPE '%s' ";
+	protected $_like_escape_chr = '!';
 
 	/**
 	 * The syntax to count rows is slightly different across different
 	 * database engines, so this string appears in each driver and is
 	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() functions.
 	 */
-	var $_count_string = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS ";
-	var $_random_keyword = ' ASC'; // not currently supported
+	protected $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
+	protected $_random_keyword = ' ASC'; // not currently supported
 
 	/**
 	 * Non-persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_connect($pooling = false)
+	public function db_connect($pooling = FALSE)
 	{
 		// Check for a UTF-8 charset being passed as CI's default 'utf8'.
 		$character_set = (0 === strcasecmp('utf8', $this->char_set)) ? 'UTF-8' : $this->char_set;
@@ -78,10 +75,11 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 			'CharacterSet'		=> $character_set,
 			'ReturnDatesAsStrings' => 1
 		);
-		
-		// If the username and password are both empty, assume this is a 
+
+		// If the username and password are both empty, assume this is a
 		// 'Windows Authentication Mode' connection.
-		if(empty($connection['UID']) && empty($connection['PWD'])) {
+		if (empty($connection['UID']) && empty($connection['PWD']))
+		{
 			unset($connection['UID'], $connection['PWD']);
 		}
 
@@ -93,10 +91,9 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_pconnect()
+	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
 		return $this->db_connect(TRUE);
 	}
@@ -109,10 +106,9 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
 	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function reconnect()
+	public function reconnect()
 	{
 		// not implemented in MSSQL
 	}
@@ -146,33 +142,16 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Execute the query
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function _execute($sql)
+	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
-		$sql = $this->_prep_query($sql);
-		return sqlsrv_query($this->conn_id, $sql, null, array(
-			'Scrollable'				=> SQLSRV_CURSOR_STATIC,
-			'SendStreamParamsAtExec'	=> true
-		));
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Prep the query
-	 *
-	 * If needed, each database adapter can prep the query string
-	 *
-	 * @access	private called by execute()
-	 * @param	string	an SQL query
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	function _prep_query($sql)
-	{
-		return $sql;
+		return sqlsrv_query($this->conn_id,
+					$sql,
+					NULL,
+					array('Scrollable'=> SQLSRV_CURSOR_STATIC, 'SendStreamParamsAtExec' => TRUE)
+			);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -180,10 +159,9 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Begin Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
+	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -209,10 +187,9 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Commit Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_commit()
+	public function trans_commit()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -233,10 +210,9 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Rollback Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_rollback()
+	public function trans_rollback()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -257,12 +233,11 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Escape String
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	bool	whether or not the string will be used in a LIKE condition
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
+	public function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
 	{
 		// Escape single quotes
 		return str_replace("'", "''", $str);
@@ -273,10 +248,9 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Affected Rows
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function affected_rows()
+	public function affected_rows()
 	{
 		return @sqlrv_rows_affected($this->conn_id);
 	}
@@ -284,31 +258,31 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	* Insert ID
-	*
-	* Returns the last id created in the Identity column.
-	*
-	* @access public
-	* @return integer
-	*/
-	function insert_id()
+	 * Insert ID
+	 *
+	 * Returns the last id created in the Identity column.
+	 *
+	 * @return	string
+	 */
+	public function insert_id()
 	{
-		return $this->query('select @@IDENTITY as insert_id')->row('insert_id');
+		$query = $this->query('SELECT @@IDENTITY AS insert_id');
+		$query = $query->row();
+		return $query->insert_id;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	* Parse major version
-	*
-	* Grabs the major version number from the
-	* database server version string passed in.
-	*
-	* @access private
-	* @param string $version
-	* @return int16 major version number
-	*/
-	function _parse_major_version($version)
+	 * Parse major version
+	 *
+	 * Grabs the major version number from the
+	 * database server version string passed in.
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	$version
+	 * @return	int	major version number
+	 */
+	protected function _parse_major_version($version)
 	{
 		preg_match('/([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)/', $version, $ver_info);
 		return $ver_info[1]; // return the major version b/c that's all we're interested in.
@@ -344,23 +318,25 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
 	 * the specified database
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function count_all($table = '')
+	public function count_all($table = '')
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
-			return '0';
-	
+		{
+			return 0;
+		}
+
 		$query = $this->query("SELECT COUNT(*) AS numrows FROM " . $this->dbprefix . $table);
-		
 		if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
-			return '0';
+		{
+			return 0;
+		}
 
 		$row = $query->row();
 		$this->_reset_select();
-		return $row->numrows;
+		return (int) $row->numrows;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -370,11 +346,10 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @param	boolean
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		return "SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE type = 'U' ORDER BY name";
 	}
@@ -386,13 +361,12 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the column names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_columns($table = '')
+	protected function _list_columns($table = '')
 	{
-		return "SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.Columns WHERE TABLE_NAME = '".$this->_escape_table($table)."'";
+		return "SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.Columns WHERE TABLE_NAME = '".$table."'";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -402,13 +376,12 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that the column data can be retrieved
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _field_data($table)
+	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
-		return "SELECT TOP 1 * FROM " . $this->_escape_table($table);	
+		return 'SELECT TOP 1 * FROM '.$table;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -452,31 +425,14 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Escape Table Name
-	 *
-	 * This function adds backticks if the table name has a period
-	 * in it. Some DBs will get cranky unless periods are escaped
-	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	function _escape_table($table)
-	{
-		return $table;
-	}	
-
-
-	/**
 	 * Escape the SQL Identifiers
 	 *
 	 * This function escapes column and table names
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _escape_identifiers($item)
+	public function _escape_identifiers($item)
 	{
 		return $item;
 	}
@@ -489,11 +445,10 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * This function implicitly groups FROM tables so there is no confusion
 	 * about operator precedence in harmony with SQL standards
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	type
-	 * @return	type
+	 * @param	array
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _from_tables($tables)
+	protected function _from_tables($tables)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($tables))
 		{
@@ -510,15 +465,14 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the insert keys
 	 * @param	array	the insert values
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
-	{	
-		return "INSERT INTO ".$this->_escape_table($table)." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES (".implode(', ', $values).")";
+	protected function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
+	{
+		return 'INSERT INTO '.$table.' ('.implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES ('.implode(', ', $values).')';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -528,7 +482,6 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
@@ -536,16 +489,16 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @param	array	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update($table, $values, $where)
+	protected function _update($table, $values, $where)
 	{
 		foreach($values as $key => $val)
 		{
 			$valstr[] = $key." = ".$val;
 		}
-	
-		return "UPDATE ".$this->_escape_table($table)." SET ".implode(', ', $valstr)." WHERE ".implode(" ", $where);
+
+		return 'UPDATE '.$table.' SET '.implode(', ', $valstr).' WHERE '.implode(' ', $where);
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -555,11 +508,10 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * If the database does not support the truncate() command
 	 * This function maps to "DELETE FROM table"
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _truncate($table)
+	protected function _truncate($table)
 	{
 		return "TRUNCATE ".$table;
 	}
@@ -571,15 +523,14 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific delete string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @param	string	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _delete($table, $where)
+	protected function _delete($table, $where)
 	{
-		return "DELETE FROM ".$this->_escape_table($table)." WHERE ".implode(" ", $where);
+		return 'DELETE FROM '.$table.' WHERE '.implode(' ', $where);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -589,17 +540,14 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific LIMIT clause
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the sql query string
-	 * @param	integer	the number of rows to limit the query to
-	 * @param	integer	the offset value
+	 * @param	int	the number of rows to limit the query to
+	 * @param	int	the offset value
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
+	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
-		$i = $limit + $offset;
-	
-		return preg_replace('/(^\SELECT (DISTINCT)?)/i','\\1 TOP '.$i.' ', $sql);		
+		return preg_replace('/(^\SELECT (DISTINCT)?)/i','\\1 TOP '.($limit + $offset).' ', $sql);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -607,18 +555,15 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close($conn_id)
 	{
 		@sqlsrv_close($conn_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
-
-
-/* End of file mssql_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php */
+/* End of file sqlsrv_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php
index 152192241..0dc7b5242 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * SQLSRV Forge Class
  *
@@ -39,11 +37,10 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Create database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _create_database($name)
+	public function _create_database($name)
 	{
 		return "CREATE DATABASE ".$name;
 	}
@@ -53,11 +50,10 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Drop database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _drop_database($name)
+	public function _drop_database($name)
 	{
 		return "DROP DATABASE ".$name;
 	}
@@ -67,10 +63,9 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Drop Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _drop_table($table)
+	public function _drop_table($table)
 	{
 		return "DROP TABLE ".$this->db->_escape_identifiers($table);
 	}
@@ -80,15 +75,14 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Create Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the fields
 	 * @param	mixed	primary key(s)
 	 * @param	mixed	key(s)
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
+	 * @param	bool	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
+	public function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
 	{
 		$sql = 'CREATE TABLE ';
 
@@ -100,7 +94,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 		$sql .= $this->db->_escape_identifiers($table)." (";
 		$current_field_count = 0;
 
-		foreach ($fields as $field=>$attributes)
+		foreach ($fields as $field => $attributes)
 		{
 			// Numeric field names aren't allowed in databases, so if the key is
 			// numeric, we know it was assigned by PHP and the developer manually
@@ -190,17 +184,16 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be altered
 	 * Called by add_column(), drop_column(), and column_alter(),
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the ALTER type (ADD, DROP, CHANGE)
 	 * @param	string	the column name
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	string	the column definition
 	 * @param	string	the default value
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'NOT NULL' be added
+	 * @param	bool	should 'NOT NULL' be added
 	 * @param	string	the field after which we should add the new field
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
+	public function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
 	{
 		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($column_name);
 
@@ -242,12 +235,11 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be renamed
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the old table name
 	 * @param	string	the new table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
+	public function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
 	{
 		// I think this syntax will work, but can find little documentation on renaming tables in MSSQL
 		return 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table_name).' RENAME TO '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($new_table_name);
@@ -256,4 +248,4 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 }
 
 /* End of file sqlsrv_forge.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php
index 1ee19c2d1..10d790e4b 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * SQLSRV Result Class
  *
@@ -41,10 +39,9 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Number of rows in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_rows()
+	public function num_rows()
 	{
 		return @sqlsrv_num_rows($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -54,10 +51,9 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Number of fields in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_fields()
+	public function num_fields()
 	{
 		return @sqlsrv_num_fields($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -69,17 +65,16 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of column names
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function list_fields()
+	public function list_fields()
 	{
 		$field_names = array();
-		foreach(sqlsrv_field_metadata($this->result_id) as $offset => $field)
+		foreach (sqlsrv_field_metadata($this->result_id) as $offset => $field)
 		{
 			$field_names[] = $field['Name'];
 		}
-		
+
 		return $field_names;
 	}
 
@@ -90,13 +85,12 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of objects containing field meta-data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function field_data()
+	public function field_data()
 	{
 		$retval = array();
-		foreach(sqlsrv_field_metadata($this->result_id) as $offset => $field)
+		foreach (sqlsrv_field_metadata($this->result_id) as $offset => $field)
 		{
 			$F 				= new stdClass();
 			$F->name 		= $field['Name'];
@@ -104,10 +98,10 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_result extends CI_DB_result {
 			$F->max_length	= $field['Size'];
 			$F->primary_key = 0;
 			$F->default		= '';
-			
+
 			$retval[] = $F;
 		}
-		
+
 		return $retval;
 	}
 
@@ -116,9 +110,9 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Free the result
 	 *
-	 * @return	null
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function free_result()
+	public function free_result()
 	{
 		if (is_resource($this->result_id))
 		{
@@ -132,14 +126,13 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Data Seek
 	 *
-	 * Moves the internal pointer to the desired offset.  We call
+	 * Moves the internal pointer to the desired offset. We call
 	 * this internally before fetching results to make sure the
 	 * result set starts at zero
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	array
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _data_seek($n = 0)
+	protected function _data_seek($n = 0)
 	{
 		// Not implemented
 	}
@@ -151,10 +144,9 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an array
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _fetch_assoc()
+	protected function _fetch_assoc()
 	{
 		return sqlsrv_fetch_array($this->result_id, SQLSRV_FETCH_ASSOC);
 	}
@@ -166,16 +158,14 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an object
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _fetch_object()
+	protected function _fetch_object()
 	{
 		return sqlsrv_fetch_object($this->result_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
-
-/* End of file mssql_result.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* End of file sqlsrv_result.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php
index e96df96f9..5830c62de 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * SQLSRV Utility Class
  *
@@ -39,10 +37,9 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	/**
 	 * List databases
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_databases()
+	public function _list_databases()
 	{
 		return "EXEC sp_helpdb"; // Can also be: EXEC sp_databases
 	}
@@ -54,11 +51,10 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be optimized
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _optimize_table($table)
+	public function _optimize_table($table)
 	{
 		return FALSE; // Is this supported in MS SQL?
 	}
@@ -70,11 +66,10 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be repaired
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _repair_table($table)
+	public function _repair_table($table)
 	{
 		return FALSE; // Is this supported in MS SQL?
 	}
@@ -84,11 +79,10 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	/**
 	 * MSSQL Export
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array	Preferences
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _backup($params = array())
+	public function _backup($params = array())
 	{
 		// Currently unsupported
 		return $this->db->display_error('db_unsuported_feature');
@@ -96,5 +90,5 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 
 }
 
-/* End of file mssql_utility.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* End of file sqlsrv_utility.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php */
\ No newline at end of file