Merge branch 'develop' of git://github.com/EllisLab/CodeIgniter into library-cleanup

19 files changed, 423 insertions, 533 deletions

diff --git a/system/database/DB.php b/system/database/DB.php
index 0d81e40d3..b28439b29 100755
--- a/system/database/DB.php
+++ b/system/database/DB.php
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  * @param 	string
- * @param 	bool	Determines if active record should be used or not
+ * @param 	bool	Determines if query builder should be used or not
  */
-function &DB($params = '', $active_record_override = NULL)
+function &DB($params = '', $query_builder_override = NULL)
 {
 	// Load the DB config file if a DSN string wasn't passed
 	if (is_string($params) && strpos($params, '://') === FALSE)
@@ -111,22 +111,22 @@ function &DB($params = '', $active_record_override = NULL)
 		show_error('You have not selected a database type to connect to.');
 	}
 
-	// Load the DB classes. Note: Since the active record class is optional
+	// Load the DB classes. Note: Since the query builder class is optional
 	// we need to dynamically create a class that extends proper parent class
-	// based on whether we're using the active record class or not.
-	if ($active_record_override !== NULL)
+	// based on whether we're using the query builder class or not.
+	if ($query_builder_override !== NULL)
 	{
-		$active_record = $active_record_override;
+		$query_builder = $query_builder_override;
 	}
 
 	require_once(BASEPATH.'database/DB_driver.php');
 
-	if ( ! isset($active_record) OR $active_record == TRUE)
+	if ( ! isset($query_builder) OR $query_builder == TRUE)
 	{
-		require_once(BASEPATH.'database/DB_active_rec.php');
+		require_once(BASEPATH.'database/DB_query_builder.php');
 		if ( ! class_exists('CI_DB'))
 		{
-			class CI_DB extends CI_DB_active_record { }
+			class CI_DB extends CI_DB_query_builder { }
 		}
 	}
 	elseif ( ! class_exists('CI_DB'))
@@ -159,4 +159,4 @@ function &DB($params = '', $active_record_override = NULL)
 }
 
 /* End of file DB.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB.php */
diff --git a/system/database/DB_driver.php b/system/database/DB_driver.php
index 61b05d52b..ef77b594e 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_driver.php
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		// Start the Query Timer
-		$time_start = list($sm, $ss) = explode(' ', microtime());
+		$time_start = microtime(TRUE);
 
 		// Run the Query
 		if (FALSE === ($this->result_id = $this->simple_query($sql)))
@@ -370,12 +370,12 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		// Stop and aggregate the query time results
-		$time_end = list($em, $es) = explode(' ', microtime());
-		$this->benchmark += ($em + $es) - ($sm + $ss);
+		$time_end = microtime(TRUE);
+		$this->benchmark += $time_end - $time_start;
 
 		if ($this->save_queries == TRUE)
 		{
-			$this->query_times[] = ($em + $es) - ($sm + $ss);
+			$this->query_times[] = $time_end - $time_start;
 		}
 
 		// Increment the query counter
@@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 	/**
 	 * Protect Identifiers
 	 *
-	 * This function is used extensively by the Active Record class, and by
+	 * This function is used extensively by the Query Builder class, and by
 	 * a couple functions in this class.
 	 * It takes a column or table name (optionally with an alias) and inserts
 	 * the table prefix onto it. Some logic is necessary in order to deal with
@@ -1283,7 +1283,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 			// Does the first segment of the exploded item match
 			// one of the aliases previously identified? If so,
 			// we have nothing more to do other than escape the item
-			if (in_array($parts[0], $this->ar_aliased_tables))
+			if (in_array($parts[0], $this->qb_aliased_tables))
 			{
 				if ($protect_identifiers === TRUE)
 				{
@@ -1380,7 +1380,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Dummy method that allows Active Record class to be disabled
+	 * Dummy method that allows Query Builder class to be disabled
 	 *
 	 * This function is used extensively by every db driver.
 	 *
@@ -1393,4 +1393,4 @@ abstract class CI_DB_driver {
 }
 
 /* End of file DB_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB_driver.php */
diff --git a/system/database/DB_active_rec.php b/system/database/DB_query_builder.php
index e78b2a893..393a1cd75 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_active_rec.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_query_builder.php
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@
  */
 
 /**
- * Active Record Class
+ * Query Builder Class
  *
- * This is the platform-independent base Active Record implementation class.
+ * This is the platform-independent base Query Builder implementation class.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Drivers
@@ -36,46 +36,47 @@
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
-abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
+
+abstract class CI_DB_query_builder extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 	protected $return_delete_sql		= FALSE;
 	protected $reset_delete_data		= FALSE;
 
-	protected $ar_select			= array();
-	protected $ar_distinct			= FALSE;
-	protected $ar_from			= array();
-	protected $ar_join			= array();
-	protected $ar_where			= array();
-	protected $ar_like			= array();
-	protected $ar_groupby			= array();
-	protected $ar_having			= array();
-	protected $ar_keys			= array();
-	protected $ar_limit			= FALSE;
-	protected $ar_offset			= FALSE;
-	protected $ar_order			= FALSE;
-	protected $ar_orderby			= array();
-	protected $ar_set			= array();
-	protected $ar_wherein			= array();
-	protected $ar_aliased_tables		= array();
-	protected $ar_store_array		= array();
-	protected $ar_where_group_started	= FALSE;
-	protected $ar_where_group_count		= 0;
-
-	// Active Record Caching variables
-	protected $ar_caching				= FALSE;
-	protected $ar_cache_exists			= array();
-	protected $ar_cache_select			= array();
-	protected $ar_cache_from			= array();
-	protected $ar_cache_join			= array();
-	protected $ar_cache_where			= array();
-	protected $ar_cache_like			= array();
-	protected $ar_cache_groupby			= array();
-	protected $ar_cache_having			= array();
-	protected $ar_cache_orderby			= array();
-	protected $ar_cache_set				= array();
-
-	protected $ar_no_escape 			= array();
-	protected $ar_cache_no_escape			= array();
+	protected $qb_select			= array();
+	protected $qb_distinct			= FALSE;
+	protected $qb_from			= array();
+	protected $qb_join			= array();
+	protected $qb_where			= array();
+	protected $qb_like			= array();
+	protected $qb_groupby			= array();
+	protected $qb_having			= array();
+	protected $qb_keys			= array();
+	protected $qb_limit			= FALSE;
+	protected $qb_offset			= FALSE;
+	protected $qb_order			= FALSE;
+	protected $qb_orderby			= array();
+	protected $qb_set			= array();
+	protected $qb_wherein			= array();
+	protected $qb_aliased_tables		= array();
+	protected $qb_store_array		= array();
+	protected $qb_where_group_started	= FALSE;
+	protected $qb_where_group_count		= 0;
+
+	// Query Builder Caching variables
+	protected $qb_caching				= FALSE;
+	protected $qb_cache_exists			= array();
+	protected $qb_cache_select			= array();
+	protected $qb_cache_from			= array();
+	protected $qb_cache_join			= array();
+	protected $qb_cache_where			= array();
+	protected $qb_cache_like			= array();
+	protected $qb_cache_groupby			= array();
+	protected $qb_cache_having			= array();
+	protected $qb_cache_orderby			= array();
+	protected $qb_cache_set				= array();
+
+	protected $qb_no_escape 			= array();
+	protected $qb_cache_no_escape			= array();
 
 	/**
 	 * Select
@@ -98,14 +99,14 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 			if ($val != '')
 			{
-				$this->ar_select[] = $val;
-				$this->ar_no_escape[] = $escape;
+				$this->qb_select[] = $val;
+				$this->qb_no_escape[] = $escape;
 
-				if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
+				if ($this->qb_caching === TRUE)
 				{
-					$this->ar_cache_select[] = $val;
-					$this->ar_cache_exists[] = 'select';
-					$this->ar_cache_no_escape[] = $escape;
+					$this->qb_cache_select[] = $val;
+					$this->qb_cache_exists[] = 'select';
+					$this->qb_cache_no_escape[] = $escape;
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -211,13 +212,14 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		$sql = $this->protect_identifiers($type.'('.trim($select).')').' AS '.$this->protect_identifiers(trim($alias));
-		$this->ar_select[] = $sql;
-		$this->ar_no_escape[] = NULL;
+		
+		$this->qb_select[] = $sql;
+		$this->qb_no_escape[] = NULL;
 
-		if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
+		if ($this->qb_caching === TRUE)
 		{
-			$this->ar_cache_select[] = $sql;
-			$this->ar_cache_exists[] = 'select';
+			$this->qb_cache_select[] = $sql;
+			$this->qb_cache_exists[] = 'select';
 		}
 
 		return $this;
@@ -254,7 +256,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function distinct($val = TRUE)
 	{
-		$this->ar_distinct = (is_bool($val)) ? $val : TRUE;
+		$this->qb_distinct = (is_bool($val)) ? $val : TRUE;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -278,12 +280,13 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 				{
 					$v = trim($v);
 					$this->_track_aliases($v);
-					$v = $this->ar_from[] = $this->protect_identifiers($v, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
 
-					if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
+					$v = $this->qb_from[] = $this->protect_identifiers($v, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
+
+					if ($this->qb_caching === TRUE)
 					{
-						$this->ar_cache_from[] = $v;
-						$this->ar_cache_exists[] = 'from';
+						$this->qb_cache_from[] = $v;
+						$this->qb_cache_exists[] = 'from';
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -292,14 +295,15 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 				$val = trim($val);
 
 				// Extract any aliases that might exist. We use this information
-				// in the _protect_identifiers to know whether to add a table prefix
+				// in the protect_identifiers to know whether to add a table prefix
 				$this->_track_aliases($val);
-				$this->ar_from[] = $val = $this->protect_identifiers($val, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
 
-				if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
+				$this->qb_from[] = $val = $this->protect_identifiers($val, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
+
+				if ($this->qb_caching === TRUE)
 				{
-					$this->ar_cache_from[] = $val;
-					$this->ar_cache_exists[] = 'from';
+					$this->qb_cache_from[] = $val;
+					$this->qb_cache_exists[] = 'from';
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -336,7 +340,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		// Extract any aliases that might exist. We use this information
-		// in the _protect_identifiers to know whether to add a table prefix
+		// in the protect_identifiers to know whether to add a table prefix
 		$this->_track_aliases($table);
 
 		// Strip apart the condition and protect the identifiers
@@ -346,12 +350,12 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		// Assemble the JOIN statement
-		$this->ar_join[] = $join = $type.'JOIN '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE).' ON '.$cond;
+		$this->qb_join[] = $join = $type.'JOIN '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE).' ON '.$cond;
 
-		if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
+		if ($this->qb_caching === TRUE)
 		{
-			$this->ar_cache_join[] = $join;
-			$this->ar_cache_exists[] = 'join';
+			$this->qb_cache_join[] = $join;
+			$this->qb_cache_exists[] = 'join';
 		}
 
 		return $this;
@@ -420,7 +424,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 		foreach ($key as $k => $v)
 		{
-			$prefix = (count($this->ar_where) === 0 && count($this->ar_cache_where) === 0) ? '' : $type;
+			$prefix = (count($this->qb_where) === 0 && count($this->qb_cache_where) === 0) ? '' : $type;
 
 			if (is_null($v) && ! $this->_has_operator($k))
 			{
@@ -446,11 +450,11 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 				$k = $this->protect_identifiers($k, FALSE, $escape);
 			}
 
-			$this->ar_where[] = $prefix.$k.$v;
-			if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
+			$this->qb_where[] = $prefix.$k.$v;
+			if ($this->qb_caching === TRUE)
 			{
-				$this->ar_cache_where[] = $prefix.$k.$v;
-				$this->ar_cache_exists[] = 'where';
+				$this->qb_cache_where[] = $prefix.$k.$v;
+				$this->qb_cache_exists[] = 'where';
 			}
 
 		}
@@ -557,20 +561,20 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 		foreach ($values as $value)
 		{
-			$this->ar_wherein[] = $this->escape($value);
+			$this->qb_wherein[] = $this->escape($value);
 		}
 
-		$prefix = (count($this->ar_where) === 0) ? '' : $type;
-		$this->ar_where[] = $where_in = $prefix.$this->protect_identifiers($key).$not.' IN ('.implode(', ', $this->ar_wherein).') ';
+		$prefix = (count($this->qb_where) === 0) ? '' : $type;
+		$this->qb_where[] = $where_in = $prefix.$this->protect_identifiers($key).$not.' IN ('.implode(', ', $this->qb_wherein).') ';
 
-		if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
+		if ($this->qb_caching === TRUE)
 		{
-			$this->ar_cache_where[] = $where_in;
-			$this->ar_cache_exists[] = 'where';
+			$this->qb_cache_where[] = $where_in;
+			$this->qb_cache_exists[] = 'where';
 		}
 
 		// reset the array for multiple calls
-		$this->ar_wherein = array();
+		$this->qb_wherein = array();
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -666,7 +670,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		foreach ($field as $k => $v)
 		{
 			$k = $this->protect_identifiers($k);
-			$prefix = (count($this->ar_like) === 0) ? '' : $type;
+			$prefix = (count($this->qb_like) === 0) ? '' : $type;
 			$v = $this->escape_like_str($v);
 
 			if ($side === 'none')
@@ -692,11 +696,11 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 				$like_statement = $like_statement.sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
 			}
 
-			$this->ar_like[] = $like_statement;
-			if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
+			$this->qb_like[] = $like_statement;
+			if ($this->qb_caching === TRUE)
 			{
-				$this->ar_cache_like[] = $like_statement;
-				$this->ar_cache_exists[] = 'like';
+				$this->qb_cache_like[] = $like_statement;
+				$this->qb_cache_exists[] = 'like';
 			}
 
 		}
@@ -716,13 +720,14 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	public function group_start($not = '', $type = 'AND ')
 	{
 		$type = $this->_group_get_type($type);
-		$this->ar_where_group_started = TRUE;
-		$prefix = (count($this->ar_where) === 0 && count($this->ar_cache_where) === 0) ? '' : $type;
-		$this->ar_where[] = $value = $prefix.$not.str_repeat(' ', ++$this->ar_where_group_count).' (';
 
-		if ($this->ar_caching)
+		$this->qb_where_group_started = TRUE;
+		$prefix = (count($this->qb_where) === 0 && count($this->qb_cache_where) === 0) ? '' : $type;
+		$this->qb_where[] = $value = $prefix.$not.str_repeat(' ', ++$this->qb_where_group_count).' (';
+
+		if ($this->qb_caching)
 		{
-			$this->ar_cache_where[] = $value;
+			$this->qb_cache_where[] = $value;
 		}
 
 		return $this;
@@ -773,12 +778,12 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function group_end()
 	{
-		$this->ar_where_group_started = FALSE;
-		$this->ar_where[] = $value = str_repeat(' ', $this->ar_where_group_count--) . ')';
+		$this->qb_where_group_started = FALSE;
+		$this->qb_where[] = $value = str_repeat(' ', $this->qb_where_group_count--) . ')';
 
-		if ($this->ar_caching)
+		if ($this->qb_caching)
 		{
-			$this->ar_cache_where[] = $value;
+			$this->qb_cache_where[] = $value;
 		}
 
 		return $this;
@@ -796,10 +801,10 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	protected function _group_get_type($type)
 	{
-		if ($this->ar_where_group_started)
+		if ($this->qb_where_group_started)
 		{
 			$type = '';
-			$this->ar_where_group_started = FALSE;
+			$this->qb_where_group_started = FALSE;
 		}
 
 		return $type;
@@ -826,12 +831,12 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 			if ($val != '')
 			{
-				$this->ar_groupby[] = $val = $this->protect_identifiers($val);
+				$this->qb_groupby[] = $val = $this->protect_identifiers($val);
 
-				if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
+				if ($this->qb_caching === TRUE)
 				{
-					$this->ar_cache_groupby[] = $val;
-					$this->ar_cache_exists[] = 'groupby';
+					$this->qb_cache_groupby[] = $val;
+					$this->qb_cache_exists[] = 'groupby';
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -891,7 +896,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 		foreach ($key as $k => $v)
 		{
-			$prefix = (count($this->ar_having) === 0) ? '' : $type;
+			$prefix = (count($this->qb_having) === 0) ? '' : $type;
 
 			if ($escape === TRUE)
 			{
@@ -908,11 +913,11 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 				$v = ' '.$this->escape($v);
 			}
 
-			$this->ar_having[] = $prefix.$k.$v;
-			if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
+			$this->qb_having[] = $prefix.$k.$v;
+			if ($this->qb_caching === TRUE)
 			{
-				$this->ar_cache_having[] = $prefix.$k.$v;
-				$this->ar_cache_exists[] = 'having';
+				$this->qb_cache_having[] = $prefix.$k.$v;
+				$this->qb_cache_exists[] = 'having';
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -948,7 +953,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			foreach (explode(',', $orderby) as $part)
 			{
 				$part = trim($part);
-				if ( ! in_array($part, $this->ar_aliased_tables))
+				if ( ! in_array($part, $this->qb_aliased_tables))
 				{
 					$part = $this->protect_identifiers(trim($part));
 				}
@@ -966,12 +971,12 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			}
 		}
 
-		$this->ar_orderby[] = $orderby_statement = $orderby.$direction;
+		$this->qb_orderby[] = $orderby_statement = $orderby.$direction;
 
-		if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
+		if ($this->qb_caching === TRUE)
 		{
-			$this->ar_cache_orderby[] = $orderby_statement;
-			$this->ar_cache_exists[] = 'orderby';
+			$this->qb_cache_orderby[] = $orderby_statement;
+			$this->qb_cache_exists[] = 'orderby';
 		}
 
 		return $this;
@@ -988,11 +993,11 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function limit($value, $offset = NULL)
 	{
-		$this->ar_limit = (int) $value;
+		$this->qb_limit = (int) $value;
 
 		if ( ! is_null($offset))
 		{
-			$this->ar_offset = (int) $offset;
+			$this->qb_offset = (int) $offset;
 		}
 
 		return $this;
@@ -1008,7 +1013,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function offset($offset)
 	{
-		$this->ar_offset = (int) $offset;
+		$this->qb_offset = (int) $offset;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -1035,11 +1040,11 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		{
 			if ($escape === FALSE)
 			{
-				$this->ar_set[$this->protect_identifiers($k)] = $v;
+				$this->qb_set[$this->protect_identifiers($k)] = $v;
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$this->ar_set[$this->protect_identifiers($k, FALSE, TRUE)] = $this->escape($v);
+				$this->qb_set[$this->protect_identifiers($k, FALSE, TRUE)] = $this->escape($v);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -1054,7 +1059,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 * Compiles a SELECT query string and returns the sql.
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	the table name to select from (optional)
-	 * @param	bool	TRUE: resets AR values; FALSE: leave AR vaules alone
+	 * @param	bool	TRUE: resets QB values; FALSE: leave QB vaules alone
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function get_compiled_select($table = '', $reset = TRUE)
@@ -1110,7 +1115,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 * "Count All Results" query
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records
-	 * returned by an Active Record query.
+	 * returned by an Query Builder query.
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
@@ -1186,7 +1191,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$this->set_insert_batch($set);
 		}
 
-		if (count($this->ar_set) === 0)
+		if (count($this->qb_set) === 0)
 		{
 			if ($this->db_debug)
 			{
@@ -1198,18 +1203,18 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
-			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
+			if ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
 			{
 				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 			}
 
-			$table = $this->ar_from[0];
+			$table = $this->qb_from[0];
 		}
 
 		// Batch this baby
-		for ($i = 0, $total = count($this->ar_set); $i < $total; $i += 100)
+		for ($i = 0, $total = count($this->qb_set); $i < $total; $i += 100)
 		{
-			$this->query($this->_insert_batch($this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE), $this->ar_keys, array_slice($this->ar_set, $i, 100)));
+			$this->query($this->_insert_batch($this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE), $this->qb_keys, array_slice($this->qb_set, $i, 100)));
 		}
 
 		$this->_reset_write();
@@ -1261,7 +1266,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			if (count(array_diff($keys, array_keys($row))) > 0 OR count(array_diff(array_keys($row), $keys)) > 0)
 			{
 				// batch function above returns an error on an empty array
-				$this->ar_set[] = array();
+				$this->qb_set[] = array();
 				return;
 			}
 
@@ -1269,7 +1274,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 			if ($escape === FALSE)
 			{
-				$this->ar_set[] =  '('.implode(',', $row).')';
+				$this->qb_set[] =  '('.implode(',', $row).')';
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -1279,13 +1284,13 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 					$clean[] = $this->escape($value);
 				}
 
-				$this->ar_set[] =  '('.implode(',', $clean).')';
+				$this->qb_set[] =  '('.implode(',', $clean).')';
 			}
 		}
 
 		foreach ($keys as $k)
 		{
-			$this->ar_keys[] = $this->protect_identifiers($k);
+			$this->qb_keys[] = $this->protect_identifiers($k);
 		}
 
 		return $this;
@@ -1299,7 +1304,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 * Compiles an insert query and returns the sql
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	the table to insert into
-	 * @param	bool	TRUE: reset AR values; FALSE: leave AR values alone
+	 * @param	bool	TRUE: reset QB values; FALSE: leave QB values alone
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function get_compiled_insert($table = '', $reset = TRUE)
@@ -1310,9 +1315,11 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		$sql = $this->_insert(
-			$this->protect_identifiers($this->ar_from[0], TRUE, NULL, FALSE),
-			array_keys($this->ar_set),
-			array_values($this->ar_set)
+			$this->protect_identifiers(
+				$this->qb_from[0], TRUE, NULL, FALSE
+			),
+			array_keys($this->qb_set),
+			array_values($this->qb_set)
 		);
 
 		if ($reset === TRUE)
@@ -1347,9 +1354,11 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		$sql = $this->_insert(
-			$this->protect_identifiers($this->ar_from[0], TRUE, NULL, FALSE),
-			array_keys($this->ar_set),
-			array_values($this->ar_set)
+			$this->protect_identifiers(
+				$this->qb_from[0], TRUE, NULL, FALSE
+			),
+			array_keys($this->qb_set),
+			array_values($this->qb_set)
 		);
 
 		$this->_reset_write();
@@ -1387,21 +1396,21 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	protected function _validate_insert($table = '')
 	{
-		if (count($this->ar_set) === 0)
+		if (count($this->qb_set) === 0)
 		{
 			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_use_set') : FALSE;
 		}
 
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
-			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
+			if ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
 			{
 				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 			}
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$this->ar_from[0] = $table;
+			$this->qb_from[0] = $table;
 		}
 
 		return TRUE;
@@ -1425,22 +1434,23 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$this->set($set);
 		}
 
-		if (count($this->ar_set) === 0)
+		if (count($this->qb_set) === 0)
 		{
 			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_use_set') : FALSE;
 		}
 
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
-			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
+			if ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
 			{
 				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 			}
 
-			$table = $this->ar_from[0];
+			$table = $this->qb_from[0];
 		}
 
-		$sql = $this->_replace($this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE), array_keys($this->ar_set), array_values($this->ar_set));
+		$sql = $this->_replace($this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE), array_keys($this->qb_set), array_values($this->qb_set));
+
 		$this->_reset_write();
 		return $this->query($sql);
 	}
@@ -1470,7 +1480,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 * Compiles an update query and returns the sql
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	the table to update
-	 * @param	bool	TRUE: reset AR values; FALSE: leave AR values alone
+	 * @param	bool	TRUE: reset QB values; FALSE: leave QB values alone
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function get_compiled_update($table = '', $reset = TRUE)
@@ -1483,7 +1493,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$sql = $this->_update($this->protect_identifiers($this->ar_from[0], TRUE, NULL, FALSE), $this->ar_set, $this->ar_where, $this->ar_orderby, $this->ar_limit);
+		$sql = $this->_update($this->protect_identifiers($this->qb_from[0], TRUE, NULL, FALSE), $this->qb_set, $this->qb_where, $this->qb_orderby, $this->qb_limit);
 
 		if ($reset === TRUE)
 		{
@@ -1530,7 +1540,8 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$this->limit($limit);
 		}
 
-		$sql = $this->_update($this->protect_identifiers($this->ar_from[0], TRUE, NULL, FALSE), $this->ar_set, $this->ar_where, $this->ar_orderby, $this->ar_limit, $this->ar_like);
+		$sql = $this->_update($this->protect_identifiers($this->qb_from[0], TRUE, NULL, FALSE), $this->qb_set, $this->qb_where, $this->qb_orderby, $this->qb_limit, $this->qb_like);
+
 		$this->_reset_write();
 		return $this->query($sql);
 	}
@@ -1584,21 +1595,21 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	protected function _validate_update($table = '')
 	{
-		if (count($this->ar_set) == 0)
+		if (count($this->qb_set) == 0)
 		{
 			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_use_set') : FALSE;
 		}
 
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
-			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
+			if ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
 			{
 				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 			}
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$this->ar_from[0] = $table;
+			$this->qb_from[0] = $table;
 		}
 
 		return TRUE;
@@ -1631,25 +1642,25 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$this->set_update_batch($set, $index);
 		}
 
-		if (count($this->ar_set) === 0)
+		if (count($this->qb_set) === 0)
 		{
 			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_use_set') : FALSE;
 		}
 
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
-			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
+			if ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
 			{
 				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 			}
 
-			$table = $this->ar_from[0];
+			$table = $this->qb_from[0];
 		}
 
 		// Batch this baby
-		for ($i = 0, $total = count($this->ar_set); $i < $total; $i += 100)
+		for ($i = 0, $total = count($this->qb_set); $i < $total; $i += 100)
 		{
-			$this->query($this->_update_batch($this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE), array_slice($this->ar_set, $i, 100), $this->protect_identifiers($index), $this->ar_where));
+			$this->query($this->_update_batch($this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE), array_slice($this->qb_set, $i, 100), $this->protect_identifiers($index), $this->qb_where));
 		}
 
 		$this->_reset_write();
@@ -1698,7 +1709,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 				return $this->display_error('db_batch_missing_index');
 			}
 
-			$this->ar_set[] = $clean;
+			$this->qb_set[] = $clean;
 		}
 
 		return $this;
@@ -1718,12 +1729,12 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
-			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
+			if ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
 			{
 				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 			}
 
-			$table = $this->ar_from[0];
+			$table = $this->qb_from[0];
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -1751,12 +1762,12 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
-			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
+			if ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
 			{
 				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 			}
 
-			$table = $this->ar_from[0];
+			$table = $this->qb_from[0];
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -1794,7 +1805,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 * Compiles a delete query string and returns the sql
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	the table to delete from
-	 * @param	bool	TRUE: reset AR values; FALSE: leave AR values alone
+	 * @param	bool	TRUE: reset QB values; FALSE: leave QB values alone
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function get_compiled_delete($table = '', $reset = TRUE)
@@ -1825,12 +1836,12 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
-			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
+			if ( ! isset($this->qb_from[0]))
 			{
 				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 			}
 
-			$table = $this->ar_from[0];
+			$table = $this->qb_from[0];
 		}
 		elseif (is_array($table))
 		{
@@ -1857,12 +1868,12 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$this->limit($limit);
 		}
 
-		if (count($this->ar_where) === 0 && count($this->ar_wherein) === 0 && count($this->ar_like) === 0)
+		if (count($this->qb_where) === 0 && count($this->qb_wherein) === 0 && count($this->qb_like) === 0)
 		{
 			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_del_must_use_where') : FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$sql = $this->_delete($table, $this->ar_where, $this->ar_like, $this->ar_limit);
+		$sql = $this->_delete($table, $this->qb_where, $this->qb_like, $this->qb_limit);
 		if ($reset_data)
 		{
 			$this->_reset_write();
@@ -1969,9 +1980,9 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$table = trim(strrchr($table, ' '));
 
 			// Store the alias, if it doesn't already exist
-			if ( ! in_array($table, $this->ar_aliased_tables))
+			if ( ! in_array($table, $this->qb_aliased_tables))
 			{
-				$this->ar_aliased_tables[] = $table;
+				$this->qb_aliased_tables[] = $table;
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -1998,9 +2009,9 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$sql = ( ! $this->ar_distinct) ? 'SELECT ' : 'SELECT DISTINCT ';
+			$sql = ( ! $this->qb_distinct) ? 'SELECT ' : 'SELECT DISTINCT ';
 
-			if (count($this->ar_select) === 0)
+			if (count($this->qb_select) === 0)
 			{
 				$sql .= '*';
 			}
@@ -2009,73 +2020,73 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 				// Cycle through the "select" portion of the query and prep each column name.
 				// The reason we protect identifiers here rather then in the select() function
 				// is because until the user calls the from() function we don't know if there are aliases
-				foreach ($this->ar_select as $key => $val)
+				foreach ($this->qb_select as $key => $val)
 				{
-					$no_escape = isset($this->ar_no_escape[$key]) ? $this->ar_no_escape[$key] : NULL;
-					$this->ar_select[$key] = $this->protect_identifiers($val, FALSE, $no_escape);
+					$no_escape = isset($this->qb_no_escape[$key]) ? $this->qb_no_escape[$key] : NULL;
+					$this->qb_select[$key] = $this->protect_identifiers($val, FALSE, $no_escape);
 				}
 
-				$sql .= implode(', ', $this->ar_select);
+				$sql .= implode(', ', $this->qb_select);
 			}
 		}
 
 		// Write the "FROM" portion of the query
-		if (count($this->ar_from) > 0)
+		if (count($this->qb_from) > 0)
 		{
-			$sql .= "\nFROM ".$this->_from_tables($this->ar_from);
+			$sql .= "\nFROM ".$this->_from_tables($this->qb_from);
 		}
 
 		// Write the "JOIN" portion of the query
-		if (count($this->ar_join) > 0)
+		if (count($this->qb_join) > 0)
 		{
-			$sql .= "\n".implode("\n", $this->ar_join);
+			$sql .= "\n".implode("\n", $this->qb_join);
 		}
 
 		// Write the "WHERE" portion of the query
-		if (count($this->ar_where) > 0 OR count($this->ar_like) > 0)
+		if (count($this->qb_where) > 0 OR count($this->qb_like) > 0)
 		{
 			$sql .= "\nWHERE ";
 		}
 
-		$sql .= implode("\n", $this->ar_where);
+		$sql .= implode("\n", $this->qb_where);
 
 		// Write the "LIKE" portion of the query
-		if (count($this->ar_like) > 0)
+		if (count($this->qb_like) > 0)
 		{
-			if (count($this->ar_where) > 0)
+			if (count($this->qb_where) > 0)
 			{
 				$sql .= "\nAND ";
 			}
 
-			$sql .= implode("\n", $this->ar_like);
+			$sql .= implode("\n", $this->qb_like);
 		}
 
 		// Write the "GROUP BY" portion of the query
-		if (count($this->ar_groupby) > 0)
+		if (count($this->qb_groupby) > 0)
 		{
-			$sql .= "\nGROUP BY ".implode(', ', $this->ar_groupby);
+			$sql .= "\nGROUP BY ".implode(', ', $this->qb_groupby);
 		}
 
 		// Write the "HAVING" portion of the query
-		if (count($this->ar_having) > 0)
+		if (count($this->qb_having) > 0)
 		{
-			$sql .= "\nHAVING ".implode("\n", $this->ar_having);
+			$sql .= "\nHAVING ".implode("\n", $this->qb_having);
 		}
 
 		// Write the "ORDER BY" portion of the query
-		if (count($this->ar_orderby) > 0)
+		if (count($this->qb_orderby) > 0)
 		{
-			$sql .= "\nORDER BY ".implode(', ', $this->ar_orderby);
-			if ($this->ar_order !== FALSE)
+			$sql .= "\nORDER BY ".implode(', ', $this->qb_orderby);
+			if ($this->qb_order !== FALSE)
 			{
-				$sql .= ($this->ar_order == 'desc') ? ' DESC' : ' ASC';
+				$sql .= ($this->qb_order == 'desc') ? ' DESC' : ' ASC';
 			}
 		}
 
 		// Write the "LIMIT" portion of the query
-		if (is_numeric($this->ar_limit))
+		if (is_numeric($this->qb_limit))
 		{
-			return $this->_limit($sql."\n", $this->ar_limit, $this->ar_offset);
+			return $this->_limit($sql."\n", $this->qb_limit, $this->qb_offset);
 		}
 
 		return $sql;
@@ -2153,13 +2164,13 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	/**
 	 * Start Cache
 	 *
-	 * Starts AR caching
+	 * Starts QB caching
 	 *
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function start_cache()
 	{
-		$this->ar_caching = TRUE;
+		$this->qb_caching = TRUE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2167,13 +2178,13 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	/**
 	 * Stop Cache
 	 *
-	 * Stops AR caching
+	 * Stops QB caching
 	 *
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function stop_cache()
 	{
-		$this->ar_caching = FALSE;
+		$this->qb_caching = FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2181,24 +2192,24 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	/**
 	 * Flush Cache
 	 *
-	 * Empties the AR cache
+	 * Empties the QB cache
 	 *
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function flush_cache()
 	{
 		$this->_reset_run(array(
-			'ar_cache_select'		=> array(),
-			'ar_cache_from'			=> array(),
-			'ar_cache_join'			=> array(),
-			'ar_cache_where'		=> array(),
-			'ar_cache_like'			=> array(),
-			'ar_cache_groupby'		=> array(),
-			'ar_cache_having'		=> array(),
-			'ar_cache_orderby'		=> array(),
-			'ar_cache_set'			=> array(),
-			'ar_cache_exists'		=> array(),
-			'ar_cache_no_escape'	=> array()
+			'qb_cache_select'		=> array(),
+			'qb_cache_from'			=> array(),
+			'qb_cache_join'			=> array(),
+			'qb_cache_where'		=> array(),
+			'qb_cache_like'			=> array(),
+			'qb_cache_groupby'		=> array(),
+			'qb_cache_having'		=> array(),
+			'qb_cache_orderby'		=> array(),
+			'qb_cache_set'			=> array(),
+			'qb_cache_exists'		=> array(),
+			'qb_cache_no_escape'	=> array()
 		));
 	}
 
@@ -2207,47 +2218,47 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	/**
 	 * Merge Cache
 	 *
-	 * When called, this function merges any cached AR arrays with
+	 * When called, this function merges any cached QB arrays with
 	 * locally called ones.
 	 *
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	protected function _merge_cache()
 	{
-		if (count($this->ar_cache_exists) === 0)
+		if (count($this->qb_cache_exists) === 0)
 		{
 			return;
 		}
 
-		foreach ($this->ar_cache_exists as $val)
+		foreach ($this->qb_cache_exists as $val)
 		{
-			$ar_variable	= 'ar_'.$val;
-			$ar_cache_var	= 'ar_cache_'.$val;
+			$qb_variable	= 'qb_'.$val;
+			$qb_cache_var	= 'qb_cache_'.$val;
 
-			if (count($this->$ar_cache_var) === 0)
+			if (count($this->$qb_cache_var) === 0)
 			{
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			$this->$ar_variable = array_unique(array_merge($this->$ar_cache_var, $this->$ar_variable));
+			$this->$qb_variable = array_unique(array_merge($this->$qb_cache_var, $this->$qb_variable));
 		}
 
 		// If we are "protecting identifiers" we need to examine the "from"
 		// portion of the query to determine if there are any aliases
-		if ($this->_protect_identifiers === TRUE && count($this->ar_cache_from) > 0)
+		if ($this->_protect_identifiers === TRUE && count($this->qb_cache_from) > 0)
 		{
-			$this->_track_aliases($this->ar_from);
+			$this->_track_aliases($this->qb_from);
 		}
 
-		$this->ar_no_escape = $this->ar_cache_no_escape;
+		$this->qb_no_escape = $this->qb_cache_no_escape;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Reset Active Record values.
+	 * Reset Query Builder values.
 	 *
-	 * Publicly-visible method to reset the AR values.
+	 * Publicly-visible method to reset the QB values.
 	 *
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
@@ -2260,16 +2271,16 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Resets the active record values.  Called by the get() function
+	 * Resets the query builder values.  Called by the get() function
 	 *
 	 * @param	array	An array of fields to reset
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	protected function _reset_run($ar_reset_items)
+	protected function _reset_run($qb_reset_items)
 	{
-		foreach ($ar_reset_items as $item => $default_value)
+		foreach ($qb_reset_items as $item => $default_value)
 		{
-			if ( ! in_array($item, $this->ar_store_array))
+			if ( ! in_array($item, $this->qb_store_array))
 			{
 				$this->$item = $default_value;
 			}
@@ -2279,28 +2290,28 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Resets the active record values.  Called by the get() function
+	 * Resets the query builder values.  Called by the get() function
 	 *
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	protected function _reset_select()
 	{
 		$this->_reset_run(array(
-					'ar_select'		=> array(),
-					'ar_from'		=> array(),
-					'ar_join'		=> array(),
-					'ar_where'		=> array(),
-					'ar_like'		=> array(),
-					'ar_groupby'		=> array(),
-					'ar_having'		=> array(),
-					'ar_orderby'		=> array(),
-					'ar_wherein'		=> array(),
-					'ar_aliased_tables'	=> array(),
-					'ar_no_escape'		=> array(),
-					'ar_distinct'		=> FALSE,
-					'ar_limit'		=> FALSE,
-					'ar_offset'		=> FALSE,
-					'ar_order'		=> FALSE
+					'qb_select'		=> array(),
+					'qb_from'		=> array(),
+					'qb_join'		=> array(),
+					'qb_where'		=> array(),
+					'qb_like'		=> array(),
+					'qb_groupby'		=> array(),
+					'qb_having'		=> array(),
+					'qb_orderby'		=> array(),
+					'qb_wherein'		=> array(),
+					'qb_aliased_tables'	=> array(),
+					'qb_no_escape'		=> array(),
+					'qb_distinct'		=> FALSE,
+					'qb_limit'		=> FALSE,
+					'qb_offset'		=> FALSE,
+					'qb_order'		=> FALSE
 					)
 				);
 	}
@@ -2308,7 +2319,7 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Resets the active record "write" values.
+	 * Resets the query builder "write" values.
 	 *
 	 * Called by the insert() update() insert_batch() update_batch() and delete() functions
 	 *
@@ -2317,19 +2328,19 @@ abstract class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	protected function _reset_write()
 	{
 		$this->_reset_run(array(
-			'ar_set'	=> array(),
-			'ar_from'	=> array(),
-			'ar_where'	=> array(),
-			'ar_like'	=> array(),
-			'ar_orderby'	=> array(),
-			'ar_keys'	=> array(),
-			'ar_limit'	=> FALSE,
-			'ar_order'	=> FALSE
+			'qb_set'	=> array(),
+			'qb_from'	=> array(),
+			'qb_where'	=> array(),
+			'qb_like'	=> array(),
+			'qb_orderby'	=> array(),
+			'qb_keys'	=> array(),
+			'qb_limit'	=> FALSE,
+			'qb_order'	=> FALSE
 			)
 		);
 	}
 
 }
 
-/* End of file DB_active_rec.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB_active_rec.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* End of file DB_query_builder.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB_query_builder.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
index 7a5c048f9..1373faa88 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
- * @since		Version 2.0.2
+ * @since		Version 2.1
  * @filesource
  */
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
  * CUBRID Database Adapter Class
  *
  * Note: _DB is an extender class that the app controller
- * creates dynamically based on whether the active record
+ * creates dynamically based on whether the query builder
  * class is being used or not.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	public $dbdriver = 'cubrid';
 
 	// The character used for escaping - no need in CUBRID
-	protected $_escape_char = '';
+	protected $_escape_char = '`';
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences - not used in CUBRID
 	protected $_like_escape_str = '';
@@ -192,13 +192,8 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -206,7 +201,7 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 		// Reset the transaction failure flag.
 		// If the $test_mode flag is set to TRUE transactions will be rolled back
 		// even if the queries produce a successful result.
-		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE);
 
 		if (cubrid_get_autocommit($this->conn_id))
 		{
@@ -225,13 +220,8 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function trans_commit()
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -255,13 +245,8 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function trans_rollback()
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -297,7 +282,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 			return $str;
 		}
 
-		if (function_exists('cubrid_real_escape_string') AND is_resource($this->conn_id))
+		if (function_exists('cubrid_real_escape_string') &&
+			(is_resource($this->conn_id)
+				OR (get_resource_type($this->conn_id) === 'Unknown' && preg_match('/Resource id #/', strval($this->conn_id)))))
 		{
 			$str = cubrid_real_escape_string($str, $this->conn_id);
 		}
@@ -309,7 +296,7 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 		// escape LIKE condition wildcards
 		if ($like === TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = str_replace(array('%', '_'), array('\\%', '\\_'), $str);
+			return str_replace(array('%', '_'), array('\\%', '\\_'), $str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -363,9 +350,9 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		$row = $query->row();
+		$query = $query->row();
 		$this->_reset_select();
-		return (int) $row->numrows;
+		return (int) $query->numrows;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -380,11 +367,11 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
-		$sql = "SHOW TABLES";
+		$sql = 'SHOW TABLES';
 
-		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE AND $this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix != '')
 		{
-			$sql .= " LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%'";
+			return $sql." LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%'";
 		}
 
 		return $sql;
@@ -417,7 +404,7 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
-		return "SELECT * FROM ".$table." LIMIT 1";
+		return 'SELECT * FROM '.$table.' LIMIT 1';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -471,8 +458,6 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	protected function _update_batch($table, $values, $index, $where = NULL)
 	{
 		$ids = array();
-		$where = ($where != '' AND count($where) >=1) ? implode(" ", $where).' AND ' : '';
-
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
 			$ids[] = $val[$index];
@@ -486,29 +471,21 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 			}
 		}
 
-		$sql = "UPDATE ".$table." SET ";
 		$cases = '';
-
 		foreach ($final as $k => $v)
 		{
-			$cases .= $k.' = CASE '."\n";
-			foreach ($v as $row)
-			{
-				$cases .= $row."\n";
-			}
-
-			$cases .= 'ELSE '.$k.' END, ';
+			$cases .= $k." = CASE \n"
+				.implode("\n", $v)
+				.'ELSE '.$k.' END, ';
 		}
 
-		$sql .= substr($cases, 0, -2);
-
-		$sql .= ' WHERE '.$where.$index.' IN ('.implode(',', $ids).')';
-
-		return $sql;
+		return 'UPDATE '.$table.' SET '.substr($cases, 0, -2)
+			.' WHERE '.(($where != '' && count($where) > 0) ? implode(' ', $where).' AND ' : '')
+			.$index.' IN ('.implode(',', $ids).')';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
+	
 	/**
 	 * Limit string
 	 *
@@ -521,16 +498,7 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
-		if ($offset == 0)
-		{
-			$offset = '';
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$offset .= ", ";
-		}
-
-		return $sql."LIMIT ".$offset.$limit;
+		return $sql.'LIMIT '.($offset == 0 ? '' : $offset.', ').$limit;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -549,4 +517,4 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_driver extends CI_DB {
 }
 
 /* End of file cubrid_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
index 16478ee11..4e66f81e3 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
- * @since		Version 1.0
+ * @since		Version 2.1
  * @filesource
  */
 
@@ -55,24 +55,19 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 			// entered the field information, so we'll simply add it to the list
 			if (is_numeric($field))
 			{
-				$sql .= "\n\t$attributes";
+				$sql .= "\n\t".$attributes;
 			}
 			else
 			{
 				$attributes = array_change_key_case($attributes, CASE_UPPER);
+				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->protect_identifiers($field)
+					.( ! empty($attributes['NAME']) ? ' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($attributes['NAME']).' ' : '');
 
-				$sql .= "\n\t\"".$this->db->protect_identifiers($field).'"';
-
-				if (array_key_exists('NAME', $attributes))
-				{
-					$sql .= ' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($attributes['NAME']).' ';
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('TYPE', $attributes))
+				if ( ! empty($attributes['TYPE']))
 				{
 					$sql .= ' '.$attributes['TYPE'];
 
-					if (array_key_exists('CONSTRAINT', $attributes))
+					if ( ! empty($attributes['CONSTRAINT']))
 					{
 						switch ($attributes['TYPE'])
 						{
@@ -81,9 +76,10 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 							case 'numeric':
 								$sql .= '('.implode(',', $attributes['CONSTRAINT']).')';
 								break;
-							case 'enum': 	// As of version 8.4.0 CUBRID does not support
-											// enum data type.
-											break;
+							case 'enum':
+								// Will be supported in the future as part a part of
+								// MySQL compatibility features.
+								break;
 							case 'set':
 								$sql .= '("'.implode('","', $attributes['CONSTRAINT']).'")';
 								break;
@@ -93,36 +89,19 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 					}
 				}
 
-				if (array_key_exists('UNSIGNED', $attributes) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					//$sql .= ' UNSIGNED';
-					// As of version 8.4.0 CUBRID does not support UNSIGNED INTEGER data type.
-					// Will be supported in the next release as a part of MySQL Compatibility.
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('DEFAULT', $attributes))
-				{
-					$sql .= ' DEFAULT \''.$attributes['DEFAULT'].'\'';
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('NULL', $attributes) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' NULL';
-				}
-				else
+			/* As of version 8.4.1 CUBRID does not support UNSIGNED INTEGER data type.
+			 * Will be supported in the next release as a part of MySQL Compatibility.
+			 *
+				if (isset($attributes['UNSIGNED']) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE)
 				{
-					$sql .= ' NOT NULL';
+					$sql .= ' UNSIGNED';
 				}
+			 */
 
-				if (array_key_exists('AUTO_INCREMENT', $attributes) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' AUTO_INCREMENT';
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('UNIQUE', $attributes) && $attributes['UNIQUE'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' UNIQUE';
-				}
+				$sql .= (isset($attributes['DEFAULT']) ? " DEFAULT '".$attributes['DEFAULT']."'" : '')
+					.(( ! empty($attributes['NULL']) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE) ? ' NULL' : ' NOT NULL')
+					.(( ! empty($attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT']) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE) ? ' AUTO_INCREMENT' : '')
+					.(( ! empty($attributes['UNIQUE']) && $attributes['UNIQUE'] === TRUE) ? ' UNIQUE' : '');
 			}
 
 			// don't add a comma on the end of the last field
@@ -151,21 +130,20 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	{
 		$sql = 'CREATE TABLE ';
 
+		/* As of version 8.4.1 CUBRID does not support this SQL syntax.
 		if ($if_not_exists === TRUE)
 		{
-			//$sql .= 'IF NOT EXISTS ';
-			// As of version 8.4.0 CUBRID does not support this SQL syntax.
+			$sql .= 'IF NOT EXISTS ';
 		}
+		*/
 
 		$sql .= $this->db->escape_identifiers($table).' ('.$this->_process_fields($fields);
 
 		// If there is a PK defined
 		if (count($primary_keys) > 0)
 		{
-			$key_name = 'pk_'.$table.'_'.$this->db->protect_identifiers(implode('_', $primary_keys));
-
-			$primary_keys = $this->db->protect_identifiers($primary_keys);
-			$sql .= ",\n\tCONSTRAINT " . $key_name . " PRIMARY KEY(" . implode(', ', $primary_keys) . ")";
+			$key_name = $this->db->protect_identifiers('pk_'.$table.'_'.implode('_', $primary_keys));
+			$sql .= ",\n\tCONSTRAINT ".$key_name.' PRIMARY KEY('.implode(', ', $this->db->protect_identifiers($primary_keys)).')';
 		}
 
 		if (is_array($keys) && count($keys) > 0)
@@ -174,22 +152,20 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 			{
 				if (is_array($key))
 				{
-					$key_name = $this->db->protect_identifiers(implode('_', $key));
+					$key_name = $this->db->protect_identifiers('idx_'.$table.implode('_', $key));
 					$key = $this->db->protect_identifiers($key);
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					$key_name = $this->db->protect_identifiers($key);
+					$key_name = $this->db->protect_identifiers('idx_'.$table.$key);
 					$key = array($key_name);
 				}
 
-				$sql .= ",\n\tKEY \"{$key_name}\" (" . implode(', ', $key) . ")";
+				$sql .= ",\n\tKEY ".$key_name.' ('.implode(', ', $key).')';
 			}
 		}
 
-		$sql .= "\n);";
-
-		return $sql;
+		return $sql."\n);";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -211,19 +187,13 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' ';
 
 		// DROP has everything it needs now.
-		if ($alter_type == 'DROP')
+		if ($alter_type === 'DROP')
 		{
 			return $sql.$this->db->protect_identifiers($fields);
 		}
 
-		$sql .= $this->_process_fields($fields);
-
-		if ($after_field != '')
-		{
-			return $sql.' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field);
-		}
-
-		return $sql;
+		return $sql.$this->_process_fields($fields)
+			.($after_field != '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php
index 58dcff29a..3eb9f7e3d 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
- * @since		Version 2.0.2
+ * @since		Version 2.1
  * @filesource
  */
 
@@ -84,53 +84,20 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	public function field_data()
 	{
 		$retval = array();
-
-		$tablePrimaryKeys = array();
+		$i = 0;
 
 		while ($field = cubrid_fetch_field($this->result_id))
 		{
-			$F				= new stdClass();
-			$F->name		= $field->name;
-			$F->type		= $field->type;
-			$F->default		= $field->def;
-			$F->max_length	= $field->max_length;
-
-			// At this moment primary_key property is not returned when
-			// cubrid_fetch_field is called. The following code will
-			// provide a patch for it. primary_key property will be added
-			// in the next release.
-
-			// TODO: later version of CUBRID will provide primary_key
-			// property.
-			// When PK is defined in CUBRID, an index is automatically
-			// created in the db_index system table in the form of
-			// pk_tblname_fieldname. So the following will count how many
-			// columns are there which satisfy this format.
-			// The query will search for exact single columns, thus
-			// compound PK is not supported.
-			$res = cubrid_query($this->conn_id,
-				"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM db_index WHERE class_name = '" . $field->table .
-				"' AND is_primary_key = 'YES' AND index_name = 'pk_" .
-				$field->table . "_" . $field->name . "'"
-			);
-
-			if ($res)
-			{
-				$row = cubrid_fetch_array($res, CUBRID_NUM);
-				$F->primary_key = ($row[0] > 0 ? 1 : null);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				$F->primary_key = null;
-			}
-
-			if (is_resource($res))
-			{
-				cubrid_close_request($res);
-				$this->result_id = FALSE;
-			}
-
-			$retval[] = $F;
+			$retval[$i]			= new stdClass();
+			$retval[$i]->name		= $field->name;
+			// CUBRID returns type as e.g. varchar(100),
+			// so we need to remove all digits and brackets.
+			$retval[$i]->type		= preg_replace('/[\d()]/', '', $field->type);
+			$retval[$i]->default		= $field->def;
+			// Use CUBRID's native API to obtain column's max_length,
+			// otherwise $field->max_length has incorrect info
+			$retval[$i]->max_length		= cubrid_field_len($this->result_id, $i);
+			$retval[$i++]->primary_key	= $field->primary_key;
 		}
 
 		return $retval;
@@ -145,9 +112,8 @@ class CI_DB_cubrid_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 */
 	public function free_result()
 	{
-		if(is_resource($this->result_id) ||
-			get_resource_type($this->result_id) == "Unknown" &&
-			preg_match('/Resource id #/', strval($this->result_id)))
+		if (is_resource($this->result_id) OR
+			(get_resource_type($this->result_id) === 'Unknown' && preg_match('/Resource id #/', strval($this->result_id))))
 		{
 			cubrid_close_request($this->result_id);
 			$this->result_id = FALSE;
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php
index 274ff6a48..c8cee99b6 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
  * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
- * @since		Version 1.0
+ * @since		Version 2.1
  * @filesource
  */
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php
index 6587d72ff..1b18de803 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/interbase/interbase_driver.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
  * Firebird/Interbase Database Adapter Class
  *
  * Note: _DB is an extender class that the app controller
- * creates dynamically based on whether the active record
+ * creates dynamically based on whether the query builder
  * class is being used or not.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
index 90609a84d..f60ec8168 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
  * MS SQL Database Adapter Class
  *
  * Note: _DB is an extender class that the app controller
- * creates dynamically based on whether the active record
+ * creates dynamically based on whether the query builder
  * class is being used or not.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
@@ -534,4 +534,4 @@ class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
 }
 
 /* End of file mssql_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
index c2fccc1f7..32c51865d 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
  * MySQL Database Adapter Class
  *
  * Note: _DB is an extender class that the app controller
- * creates dynamically based on whether the active record
+ * creates dynamically based on whether the query builder
  * class is being used or not.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
@@ -531,4 +531,4 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 }
 
 /* End of file mysql_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
index a690682be..e2684e4f2 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
  * MySQLi Database Adapter Class
  *
  * Note: _DB is an extender class that the app controller
- * creates dynamically based on whether the active record
+ * creates dynamically based on whether the query builder
  * class is being used or not.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
@@ -535,4 +535,4 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 }
 
 /* End of file mysqli_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
index 1b66178c6..33a89df94 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
  * oci8 Database Adapter Class
  *
  * Note: _DB is an extender class that the app controller
- * creates dynamically based on whether the active record
+ * creates dynamically based on whether the query builder
  * class is being used or not.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
@@ -682,4 +682,4 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 }
 
 /* End of file oci8_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
index 38416cf90..e36f2d233 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
  * ODBC Database Adapter Class
  *
  * Note: _DB is an extender class that the app controller
- * creates dynamically based on whether the active record
+ * creates dynamically based on whether the query builder
  * class is being used or not.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
@@ -413,4 +413,4 @@ class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
 }
 
 /* End of file odbc_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
index 60151b900..89e69676d 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
  * PDO Database Adapter Class
  *
  * Note: _DB is an extender class that the app controller
- * creates dynamically based on whether the active record
+ * creates dynamically based on whether the query builder
  * class is being used or not.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 		 *
 		 * Reference: http://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.pdo-mysql.connection.php
 		 */
-		if ($this->subdriver === 'mysql' && ! is_php('5.3.6') && ! empty($this->char_set))
+		if ($this->pdodriver === 'mysql' && ! is_php('5.3.6') && ! empty($this->char_set))
 		{
 			$this->options[PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND] = 'SET NAMES '.$this->char_set
 					.( ! empty($this->db_collat) ? " COLLATE '".$this->dbcollat."'" : '');
@@ -683,4 +683,4 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 }
 
 /* End of file pdo_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
index 14259be52..84bf768ee 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
  * Postgre Database Adapter Class
  *
  * Note: _DB is an extender class that the app controller
- * creates dynamically based on whether the active record
+ * creates dynamically based on whether the query builder
  * class is being used or not.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
@@ -164,8 +164,8 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Set client character set
 	 *
-	 * @param       string
-	 * @return      bool
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _db_set_charset($charset)
 	{
@@ -219,6 +219,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Begin Transaction
 	 *
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
@@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 		// even if the queries produce a successful result.
 		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE);
 
-		return @pg_query($this->conn_id, 'BEGIN');
+		return (bool) @pg_query($this->conn_id, 'BEGIN');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 			return TRUE;
 		}
 
-		return @pg_query($this->conn_id, 'COMMIT');
+		return (bool) @pg_query($this->conn_id, 'COMMIT');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 			return TRUE;
 		}
 
-		return @pg_query($this->conn_id, 'ROLLBACK');
+		return (bool) @pg_query($this->conn_id, 'ROLLBACK');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -328,34 +329,41 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	public function insert_id()
 	{
-		$v = $this->version();
+		$v = pg_version($this->conn_id);
+		$v = isset($v['server']) ? $v['server'] : 0; // 'server' key is only available since PosgreSQL 7.4
 
-		$table	= func_num_args() > 0 ? func_get_arg(0) : NULL;
-		$column	= func_num_args() > 1 ? func_get_arg(1) : NULL;
+		$table	= (func_num_args() > 0) ? func_get_arg(0) : NULL;
+		$column	= (func_num_args() > 1) ? func_get_arg(1) : NULL;
 
 		if ($table == NULL && $v >= '8.1')
 		{
-			$sql='SELECT LASTVAL() as ins_id';
-		}
-		elseif ($table != NULL && $column != NULL && $v >= '8.0')
-		{
-			$sql = sprintf("SELECT pg_get_serial_sequence('%s','%s') as seq", $table, $column);
-			$query = $this->query($sql);
-			$row = $query->row();
-			$sql = sprintf("SELECT CURRVAL('%s') as ins_id", $row->seq);
+			$sql = 'SELECT LASTVAL() AS ins_id';
 		}
 		elseif ($table != NULL)
 		{
-			// seq_name passed in table parameter
-			$sql = sprintf("SELECT CURRVAL('%s') as ins_id", $table);
+			if ($column != NULL && $v >= '8.0')
+			{
+				$sql = 'SELECT pg_get_serial_sequence(\''.$table."', '".$column."') AS seq";
+				$query = $this->query($sql);
+				$query = $query->row();
+				$seq = $query->seq;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				// seq_name passed in table parameter
+				$seq = $table;
+			}
+
+			$sql = 'SELECT CURRVAL(\''.$seq."') AS ins_id";
 		}
 		else
 		{
 			return pg_last_oid($this->result_id);
 		}
+
 		$query = $this->query($sql);
-		$row = $query->row();
-		return $row->ins_id;
+		$query = $query->row();
+		return (int) $query->ins_id;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -382,9 +390,9 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		$row = $query->row();
+		$query = $query->row();
 		$this->_reset_select();
-		return (int) $row->numrows;
+		return (int) $query->numrows;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -401,9 +409,9 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	{
 		$sql = "SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = 'public'";
 
-		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE AND $this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix != '')
 		{
-			$sql .= " AND table_name LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%' ".sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
+			return $sql." AND table_name LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%' ".sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
 		}
 
 		return $sql;
@@ -421,7 +429,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _list_columns($table = '')
 	{
-		return "SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name ='".$table."'";
+		return "SELECT column_name FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = '".$table."'";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -432,11 +440,11 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that the column data can be retrieved
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
-		return "SELECT * FROM ".$table." LIMIT 1";
+		return 'SELECT * FROM '.$table.' LIMIT 1';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -531,6 +539,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	/**
 	 * Limit string
 	 *
@@ -543,14 +552,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
-		$sql .= "LIMIT ".$limit;
-
-		if ($offset > 0)
-		{
-			$sql .= " OFFSET ".$offset;
-		}
-
-		return $sql;
+		return $sql.' LIMIT '.$limit.($offset == 0 ? '' : ' OFFSET '.$offset);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -569,4 +571,4 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 }
 
 /* End of file postgre_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
index 8b214ebe6..94c97af50 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * @param	mixed	the fields
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	protected function _process_fields($fields, $primary_keys=array())
+	protected function _process_fields($fields, $primary_keys = array())
 	{
 		$sql = '';
 		$current_field_count = 0;
@@ -54,15 +54,14 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 			// entered the field information, so we'll simply add it to the list
 			if (is_numeric($field))
 			{
-				$sql .= "\n\t$attributes";
+				$sql .= "\n\t".$attributes;
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$attributes = array_change_key_case($attributes, CASE_UPPER);
-
 				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->protect_identifiers($field);
 
-				$is_unsigned = (array_key_exists('UNSIGNED', $attributes) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE);
+				$attributes = array_change_key_case($attributes, CASE_UPPER);
+				$is_unsigned = ( ! empty($attributes['UNSIGNED']) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE);
 
 				// Convert datatypes to be PostgreSQL-compatible
 				switch (strtoupper($attributes['TYPE']))
@@ -94,44 +93,24 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 					case 'BLOB':
 						$attributes['TYPE'] = 'BYTEA';
 						break;
+					default:
+						break;
 				}
 
 				// If this is an auto-incrementing primary key, use the serial data type instead
-				if (in_array($field, $primary_keys) && array_key_exists('AUTO_INCREMENT', $attributes) 
-					&& $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' SERIAL';
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$sql .=  ' '.$attributes['TYPE'];
-				}
+				$sql .= (in_array($field, $primary_keys) && ! empty($attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT']) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE)
+					? ' SERIAL' : ' '.$attributes['TYPE'];
 
 				// Modified to prevent constraints with integer data types
-				if (array_key_exists('CONSTRAINT', $attributes) && strpos($attributes['TYPE'], 'INT') === false)
+				if ( ! empty($attributes['CONSTRAINT']) && strpos($attributes['TYPE'], 'INT') === FALSE)
 				{
 					$sql .= '('.$attributes['CONSTRAINT'].')';
 				}
 
-				if (array_key_exists('DEFAULT', $attributes))
-				{
-					$sql .= ' DEFAULT \''.$attributes['DEFAULT'].'\'';
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('NULL', $attributes) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' NULL';
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$sql .= ' NOT NULL';
-				}
-
-				// Added new attribute to create unqite fields. Also works with MySQL
-				if (array_key_exists('UNIQUE', $attributes) && $attributes['UNIQUE'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' UNIQUE';
-				}
+				$sql .= (isset($attributes['DEFAULT']) ? " DEFAULT '".$attributes['DEFAULT']."'" : '')
+					.(( ! empty($attributes['NULL']) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE) ? ' NULL' : ' NOT NULL')
+					// Added new attribute to create unqite fields. Also works with MySQL
+					.(( ! empty($attributes['UNIQUE']) && $attributes['UNIQUE'] === TRUE) ? ' UNIQUE' : '');
 			}
 
 			// don't add a comma on the end of the last field
@@ -179,7 +158,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 				$primary_keys[$index] = $this->db->protect_identifiers($key);
 			}
 
-			$sql .= ",\n\tPRIMARY KEY (" . implode(', ', $primary_keys) . ")";
+			$sql .= ",\n\tPRIMARY KEY (".implode(', ', $primary_keys).')';
 		}
 
 		$sql .= "\n);";
@@ -199,7 +178,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
 				foreach ($key as $field)
 				{
-					$sql .= "CREATE INDEX " . $table . "_" . str_replace(array('"', "'"), '', $field) . "_index ON $table ($field); ";
+					$sql .= 'CREATE INDEX '.$table.'_'.str_replace(array('"', "'"), '', $field).'_index ON '.$table.' ('.$field.'); ';
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -220,7 +199,7 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	string	the column definition
 	 * @param	string	the default value
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'NOT NULL' be added
+	 * @param	bool	should 'NOT NULL' be added
 	 * @param	string	the field after which we should add the new field
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -229,19 +208,13 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
  		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' ';
 
  		// DROP has everything it needs now.
- 		if ($alter_type == 'DROP')
+ 		if ($alter_type === 'DROP')
  		{
  			return $sql.$this->db->protect_identifiers($fields);
  		}
 
- 		$sql .= $this->_process_fields($fields);
-
- 		if ($after_field != '')
- 		{
- 			return $sql.' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field);
- 		}
-
- 		return $sql;
+ 		return $sql.$this->_process_fields($fields)
+			.($after_field != '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
  	}
 
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
index 5021deb63..551704f83 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
  * SQLite Database Adapter Class
  *
  * Note: _DB is an extender class that the app controller
- * creates dynamically based on whether the active record
+ * creates dynamically based on whether the query builder
  * class is being used or not.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
@@ -461,4 +461,4 @@ class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
 }
 
 /* End of file sqlite_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_driver.php
index fb45bee9c..d22f6a442 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite3/sqlite3_driver.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
  * SQLite3 Database Adapter Class
  *
  * Note: _DB is an extender class that the app controller
- * creates dynamically based on whether the active record
+ * creates dynamically based on whether the query builder
  * class is being used or not.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
index 951567033..8cc500f55 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
  * SQLSRV Database Adapter Class
  *
  * Note: _DB is an extender class that the app controller
- * creates dynamically based on whether the active record
+ * creates dynamically based on whether the query builder
  * class is being used or not.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 			$where .= ($where === '' ? ' WHERE ' : ' AND ').implode(' ', $like);
 		}
 
-		return 'UPDATE '.$table.' SET '.implode(', ', $valstr).' WHERE '.$where;
+		return 'UPDATE '.$table.' SET '.implode(', ', $valstr).$where;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -521,4 +521,4 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 }
 
 /* End of file sqlsrv_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php */