Merge branch 'develop' of https://github.com/EllisLab/CodeIgniter into develop

Conflicts:
	system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php

21 files changed, 489 insertions, 672 deletions

diff --git a/system/helpers/array_helper.php b/system/helpers/array_helper.php
index c46c4d103..6f56d9db9 100644
--- a/system/helpers/array_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/array_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Array Helpers
  *
@@ -45,7 +43,6 @@
  * Lets you determine whether an array index is set and whether it has a value.
  * If the element is empty it returns FALSE (or whatever you specify as the default value.)
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	array
  * @param	mixed
@@ -55,12 +52,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('element'))
 {
 	function element($item, $array, $default = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ( ! isset($array[$item]) OR $array[$item] == "")
-		{
-			return $default;
-		}
-
-		return $array[$item];
+		return empty($array[$item]) ? $default : $array[$item];
 	}
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +61,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('element'))
 /**
  * Random Element - Takes an array as input and returns a random element
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	array
  * @return	mixed	depends on what the array contains
  */
@@ -77,12 +68,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('random_element'))
 {
 	function random_element($array)
 	{
-		if ( ! is_array($array))
-		{
-			return $array;
-		}
-
-		return $array[array_rand($array)];
+		return is_array($array) ? $array[array_rand($array)] : $array;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -91,10 +77,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('random_element'))
 /**
  * Elements
  *
- * Returns only the array items specified.  Will return a default value if
+ * Returns only the array items specified. Will return a default value if
  * it is not set.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	array
  * @param	array
  * @param	mixed
@@ -105,22 +90,12 @@ if ( ! function_exists('elements'))
 	function elements($items, $array, $default = FALSE)
 	{
 		$return = array();
-		
-		if ( ! is_array($items))
-		{
-			$items = array($items);
-		}
-		
+
+		is_array($items) OR $items = array($items);
+
 		foreach ($items as $item)
 		{
-			if (isset($array[$item]))
-			{
-				$return[$item] = $array[$item];
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				$return[$item] = $default;
-			}
+			$return[$item] = isset($array[$item]) ? $array[$item] : $default;
 		}
 
 		return $return;
diff --git a/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php b/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
index 668b034d4..bdbc62097 100644
--- a/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter CAPTCHA Helper
  *
@@ -42,7 +40,6 @@
 /**
  * Create CAPTCHA
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	array	array of data for the CAPTCHA
  * @param	string	path to create the image in
  * @param	string	URL to the CAPTCHA image folder
@@ -57,35 +54,19 @@ if ( ! function_exists('create_captcha'))
 
 		foreach ($defaults as $key => $val)
 		{
-			if ( ! is_array($data))
+			if ( ! is_array($data) && empty($$key))
 			{
-				if ( ! isset($$key) OR $$key == '')
-				{
-					$$key = $val;
-				}
+				$$key = $val;
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$$key = ( ! isset($data[$key])) ? $val : $data[$key];
+				$$key = isset($data[$key]) ? $data[$key] : $val;
 			}
 		}
 
-		if ($img_path == '' OR $img_url == '')
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		if ( ! @is_dir($img_path))
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		if ( ! is_writable($img_path))
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		if ( ! extension_loaded('gd'))
+		if ($img_path == '' OR $img_url == ''
+			OR ! @is_dir($img_path) OR ! is_writeable($img_path)
+			OR ! extension_loaded('gd'))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -94,21 +75,15 @@ if ( ! function_exists('create_captcha'))
 		// Remove old images
 		// -----------------------------------
 
-		list($usec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
-		$now = ((float)$usec + (float)$sec);
+		$now = microtime(TRUE);
 
 		$current_dir = @opendir($img_path);
-
 		while ($filename = @readdir($current_dir))
 		{
-			if ($filename != "." and $filename != ".." and $filename != "index.html")
+			if ($filename !== '.' && $filename !== '..' && $filename !== 'index.html'
+				&& (str_replace('.jpg', '', $filename) + $expiration) < $now)
 			{
-				$name = str_replace(".jpg", "", $filename);
-
-				if (($name + $expiration) < $now)
-				{
-					@unlink($img_path.$filename);
-				}
+				@unlink($img_path.$filename);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -118,141 +93,114 @@ if ( ! function_exists('create_captcha'))
 		// Do we have a "word" yet?
 		// -----------------------------------
 
-	   if ($word == '')
-	   {
+		if ($word == '')
+		{
 			$pool = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
-
-			$str = '';
-			for ($i = 0; $i < 8; $i++)
+			$word = '';
+			for ($i = 0, $mt_rand_max = strlen($pool) - 1; $i < 8; $i++)
 			{
-				$str .= substr($pool, mt_rand(0, strlen($pool) -1), 1);
+				$word .= $pool[mt_rand(0, $mt_rand_max)];
 			}
-
-			$word = $str;
-	   }
+		}
 
 		// -----------------------------------
 		// Determine angle and position
 		// -----------------------------------
-
 		$length	= strlen($word);
 		$angle	= ($length >= 6) ? rand(-($length-6), ($length-6)) : 0;
 		$x_axis	= rand(6, (360/$length)-16);
-		$y_axis = ($angle >= 0 ) ? rand($img_height, $img_width) : rand(6, $img_height);
+		$y_axis = ($angle >= 0) ? rand($img_height, $img_width) : rand(6, $img_height);
 
-		// -----------------------------------
 		// Create image
-		// -----------------------------------
-
 		// PHP.net recommends imagecreatetruecolor(), but it isn't always available
-		if (function_exists('imagecreatetruecolor'))
-		{
-			$im = imagecreatetruecolor($img_width, $img_height);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$im = imagecreate($img_width, $img_height);
-		}
+		$im = function_exists('imagecreatetruecolor')
+			? imagecreatetruecolor($img_width, $img_height)
+			: imagecreate($img_width, $img_height);
 
 		// -----------------------------------
 		//  Assign colors
 		// -----------------------------------
-
-		$bg_color		= imagecolorallocate ($im, 255, 255, 255);
-		$border_color	= imagecolorallocate ($im, 153, 102, 102);
-		$text_color		= imagecolorallocate ($im, 204, 153, 153);
-		$grid_color		= imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 182, 182);
+		$bg_color	= imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 255, 255);
+		$border_color	= imagecolorallocate($im, 153, 102, 102);
+		$text_color	= imagecolorallocate($im, 204, 153, 153);
+		$grid_color	= imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 182, 182);
 		$shadow_color	= imagecolorallocate($im, 255, 240, 240);
 
-		// -----------------------------------
 		//  Create the rectangle
-		// -----------------------------------
-
 		ImageFilledRectangle($im, 0, 0, $img_width, $img_height, $bg_color);
 
 		// -----------------------------------
 		//  Create the spiral pattern
 		// -----------------------------------
-
 		$theta		= 1;
 		$thetac		= 7;
 		$radius		= 16;
 		$circles	= 20;
 		$points		= 32;
 
-		for ($i = 0; $i < ($circles * $points) - 1; $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $cp = ($circles * $points) - 1; $i < $cp; $i++)
 		{
-			$theta = $theta + $thetac;
-			$rad = $radius * ($i / $points );
+			$theta += $thetac;
+			$rad = $radius * ($i / $points);
 			$x = ($rad * cos($theta)) + $x_axis;
 			$y = ($rad * sin($theta)) + $y_axis;
-			$theta = $theta + $thetac;
+			$theta += $thetac;
 			$rad1 = $radius * (($i + 1) / $points);
 			$x1 = ($rad1 * cos($theta)) + $x_axis;
-			$y1 = ($rad1 * sin($theta )) + $y_axis;
+			$y1 = ($rad1 * sin($theta)) + $y_axis;
 			imageline($im, $x, $y, $x1, $y1, $grid_color);
-			$theta = $theta - $thetac;
+			$theta -= $thetac;
 		}
 
 		// -----------------------------------
 		//  Write the text
 		// -----------------------------------
 
-		$use_font = ($font_path != '' AND file_exists($font_path) AND function_exists('imagettftext')) ? TRUE : FALSE;
-
-		if ($use_font == FALSE)
+		$use_font = ($font_path != '' && file_exists($font_path) && function_exists('imagettftext'));
+		if ($use_font === FALSE)
 		{
 			$font_size = 5;
-			$x = rand(0, $img_width/($length/3));
+			$x = rand(0, $img_width / ($length / 3));
 			$y = 0;
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$font_size	= 16;
-			$x = rand(0, $img_width/($length/1.5));
-			$y = $font_size+2;
+			$font_size = 16;
+			$x = rand(0, $img_width / ($length / 1.5));
+			$y = $font_size + 2;
 		}
 
-		for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($word); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++)
 		{
-			if ($use_font == FALSE)
+			if ($use_font === FALSE)
 			{
-				$y = rand(0 , $img_height/2);
-				imagestring($im, $font_size, $x, $y, substr($word, $i, 1), $text_color);
-				$x += ($font_size*2);
+				$y = rand(0 , $img_height / 2);
+				imagestring($im, $font_size, $x, $y, $word[$i], $text_color);
+				$x += ($font_size * 2);
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$y = rand($img_height/2, $img_height-3);
-				imagettftext($im, $font_size, $angle, $x, $y, $text_color, $font_path, substr($word, $i, 1));
+				$y = rand($img_height / 2, $img_height - 3);
+				imagettftext($im, $font_size, $angle, $x, $y, $text_color, $font_path, $word[$i]);
 				$x += $font_size;
 			}
 		}
 
 
-		// -----------------------------------
-		//  Create the border
-		// -----------------------------------
-
-		imagerectangle($im, 0, 0, $img_width-1, $img_height-1, $border_color);
+		// Create the border
+		imagerectangle($im, 0, 0, $img_width - 1, $img_height - 1, $border_color);
 
 		// -----------------------------------
 		//  Generate the image
 		// -----------------------------------
-
 		$img_name = $now.'.jpg';
-
 		ImageJPEG($im, $img_path.$img_name);
-
-		$img = "<img src=\"$img_url$img_name\" width=\"$img_width\" height=\"$img_height\" style=\"border:0;\" alt=\" \" />";
-
+		$img = '<img src="'.$img_url.$img_name.'" style="width: '.$img_width.'; height: '.$img_height .'; border: 0;" alt=" " />';
 		ImageDestroy($im);
 
 		return array('word' => $word, 'time' => $now, 'image' => $img);
 	}
 }
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /* End of file captcha_helper.php */
 /* Location: ./system/helpers/captcha_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php b/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
index 7b439c47f..06560e723 100644
--- a/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Cookie Helpers
  *
@@ -42,25 +40,26 @@
 /**
  * Set cookie
  *
- * Accepts six parameter, or you can submit an associative
+ * Accepts seven parameters, or you can submit an associative
  * array in the first parameter containing all the values.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string	the value of the cookie
  * @param	string	the number of seconds until expiration
  * @param	string	the cookie domain.  Usually:  .yourdomain.com
  * @param	string	the cookie path
  * @param	string	the cookie prefix
+ * @param	bool	true makes the cookie secure
+ * @param	bool	true makes the cookie accessible via http(s) only (no javascript)
  * @return	void
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('set_cookie'))
 {
-	function set_cookie($name = '', $value = '', $expire = '', $domain = '', $path = '/', $prefix = '', $secure = FALSE)
+	function set_cookie($name = '', $value = '', $expire = '', $domain = '', $path = '/', $prefix = '', $secure = FALSE, $httponly = FALSE)
 	{
 		// Set the config file options
 		$CI =& get_instance();
-		$CI->input->set_cookie($name, $value, $expire, $domain, $path, $prefix, $secure);
+		$CI->input->set_cookie($name, $value, $expire, $domain, $path, $prefix, $secure, $httponly);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +68,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('set_cookie'))
 /**
  * Fetch an item from the COOKIE array
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool
  * @return	mixed
@@ -79,14 +77,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_cookie'))
 	function get_cookie($index = '', $xss_clean = FALSE)
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
-
-		$prefix = '';
-
-		if ( ! isset($_COOKIE[$index]) && config_item('cookie_prefix') != '')
-		{
-			$prefix = config_item('cookie_prefix');
-		}
-
+		$prefix = isset($_COOKIE[$index]) ? '' : config_item('cookie_prefix');
 		return $CI->input->cookie($prefix.$index, $xss_clean);
 	}
 }
@@ -97,7 +88,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_cookie'))
  * Delete a COOKIE
  *
  * @param	mixed
- * @param	string	the cookie domain.  Usually:  .yourdomain.com
+ * @param	string	the cookie domain. Usually: .yourdomain.com
  * @param	string	the cookie path
  * @param	string	the cookie prefix
  * @return	void
@@ -110,6 +101,5 @@ if ( ! function_exists('delete_cookie'))
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file cookie_helper.php */
 /* Location: ./system/helpers/cookie_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/date_helper.php b/system/helpers/date_helper.php
index 9e58d8630..f1ba364f5 100644
--- a/system/helpers/date_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/date_helper.php
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Date Helpers
  *
@@ -44,8 +42,7 @@
  *
  * Returns time() or its GMT equivalent based on the config file preference
  *
- * @access	public
- * @return	integer
+ * @return	int
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('now'))
 {
@@ -85,10 +82,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('now'))
  * have to worry about escaping your text letters that
  * match the date codes.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
- * @param	integer
- * @return	integer
+ * @param	int
+ * @return	int
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('mdate'))
 {
@@ -118,9 +114,8 @@ if ( ! function_exists('mdate'))
  *
  * Returns a date formatted according to the submitted standard.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the chosen format
- * @param	integer	Unix timestamp
+ * @param	int	Unix timestamp
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('standard_date'))
@@ -128,15 +123,16 @@ if ( ! function_exists('standard_date'))
 	function standard_date($fmt = 'DATE_RFC822', $time = '')
 	{
 		$formats = array(
-						'DATE_ATOM'		=>	'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s%Q',
+						'DATE_ATOM'		=>	'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s%O',
 						'DATE_COOKIE'	=>	'%l, %d-%M-%y %H:%i:%s UTC',
-						'DATE_ISO8601'	=>	'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s%Q',
+						'DATE_ISO8601'	=>	'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s%O',
 						'DATE_RFC822'	=>	'%D, %d %M %y %H:%i:%s %O',
 						'DATE_RFC850'	=>	'%l, %d-%M-%y %H:%i:%s UTC',
 						'DATE_RFC1036'	=>	'%D, %d %M %y %H:%i:%s %O',
 						'DATE_RFC1123'	=>	'%D, %d %M %Y %H:%i:%s %O',
+						'DATE_RFC2822'	=>	'%D, %d %M %Y %H:%i:%s %O',
 						'DATE_RSS'		=>	'%D, %d %M %Y %H:%i:%s %O',
-						'DATE_W3C'		=>	'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s%Q'
+						'DATE_W3C'		=>	'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s%O'
 						);
 
 		if ( ! isset($formats[$fmt]))
@@ -156,14 +152,14 @@ if ( ! function_exists('standard_date'))
  * Returns a span of seconds in this format:
  *	10 days 14 hours 36 minutes 47 seconds
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	integer	a number of seconds
- * @param	integer	Unix timestamp
- * @return	integer
+ * @param	int	a number of seconds
+ * @param	int	Unix timestamp
+ * @param	int	a number of display units
+ * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('timespan'))
 {
-	function timespan($seconds = 1, $time = '')
+	function timespan($seconds = 1, $time = '', $units = 7)
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 		$CI->lang->load('date');
@@ -178,24 +174,29 @@ if ( ! function_exists('timespan'))
 			$time = time();
 		}
 
+		if ( ! is_numeric($units))
+		{
+			$units = 7;
+		}
+
 		$seconds = ($time <= $seconds) ? 1 : $time - $seconds;
 
-		$str = '';
+		$str = array();
 		$years = floor($seconds / 31557600);
 
 		if ($years > 0)
 		{
-			$str .= $years.' '.$CI->lang->line((($years	> 1) ? 'date_years' : 'date_year')).', ';
+			$str[] = $years.' '.$CI->lang->line((($years	> 1) ? 'date_years' : 'date_year'));
 		}
 
 		$seconds -= $years * 31557600;
 		$months = floor($seconds / 2629743);
 
-		if ($years > 0 OR $months > 0)
+		if (count($str) < $units && ($years > 0 OR $months > 0))
 		{
 			if ($months > 0)
 			{
-				$str .= $months.' '.$CI->lang->line((($months	> 1) ? 'date_months' : 'date_month')).', ';
+				$str[] = $months.' '.$CI->lang->line((($months	> 1) ? 'date_months' : 'date_month'));
 			}
 
 			$seconds -= $months * 2629743;
@@ -203,11 +204,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('timespan'))
 
 		$weeks = floor($seconds / 604800);
 
-		if ($years > 0 OR $months > 0 OR $weeks > 0)
+		if (count($str) < $units && ($years > 0 OR $months > 0 OR $weeks > 0))
 		{
 			if ($weeks > 0)
 			{
-				$str .= $weeks.' '.$CI->lang->line((($weeks	> 1) ? 'date_weeks' : 'date_week')).', ';
+				$str[] = $weeks.' '.$CI->lang->line((($weeks	> 1) ? 'date_weeks' : 'date_week'));
 			}
 
 			$seconds -= $weeks * 604800;
@@ -215,11 +216,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('timespan'))
 
 		$days = floor($seconds / 86400);
 
-		if ($months > 0 OR $weeks > 0 OR $days > 0)
+		if (count($str) < $units && ($months > 0 OR $weeks > 0 OR $days > 0))
 		{
 			if ($days > 0)
 			{
-				$str .= $days.' '.$CI->lang->line((($days	> 1) ? 'date_days' : 'date_day')).', ';
+				$str[] = $days.' '.$CI->lang->line((($days	> 1) ? 'date_days' : 'date_day'));
 			}
 
 			$seconds -= $days * 86400;
@@ -227,11 +228,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('timespan'))
 
 		$hours = floor($seconds / 3600);
 
-		if ($days > 0 OR $hours > 0)
+		if (count($str) < $units && ($days > 0 OR $hours > 0))
 		{
 			if ($hours > 0)
 			{
-				$str .= $hours.' '.$CI->lang->line((($hours	> 1) ? 'date_hours' : 'date_hour')).', ';
+				$str[] = $hours.' '.$CI->lang->line((($hours	> 1) ? 'date_hours' : 'date_hour'));
 			}
 
 			$seconds -= $hours * 3600;
@@ -239,22 +240,22 @@ if ( ! function_exists('timespan'))
 
 		$minutes = floor($seconds / 60);
 
-		if ($days > 0 OR $hours > 0 OR $minutes > 0)
+		if (count($str) < $units && ($days > 0 OR $hours > 0 OR $minutes > 0))
 		{
 			if ($minutes > 0)
 			{
-				$str .= $minutes.' '.$CI->lang->line((($minutes	> 1) ? 'date_minutes' : 'date_minute')).', ';
+				$str[] = $minutes.' '.$CI->lang->line((($minutes	> 1) ? 'date_minutes' : 'date_minute'));
 			}
 
 			$seconds -= $minutes * 60;
 		}
 
-		if ($str == '')
+		if (count($str) === 0)
 		{
-			$str .= $seconds.' '.$CI->lang->line((($seconds	> 1) ? 'date_seconds' : 'date_second')).', ';
+			$str[] = $seconds.' '.$CI->lang->line((($seconds	> 1) ? 'date_seconds' : 'date_second'));
 		}
 
-		return substr(trim($str), 0, -1);
+		return implode(', ', $str);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -266,10 +267,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('timespan'))
  * Takes a month/year as input and returns the number of days
  * for the given month/year. Takes leap years into consideration.
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	integer a numeric month
- * @param	integer	a numeric year
- * @return	integer
+ * @param	int	a numeric month
+ * @param	int	a numeric year
+ * @return	int
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('days_in_month'))
 {
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('days_in_month'))
 
 		if ($month == 2)
 		{
-			if ($year % 400 == 0 OR ($year % 4 == 0 AND $year % 100 != 0))
+			if ($year % 400 == 0 OR ($year % 4 == 0 && $year % 100 != 0))
 			{
 				return 29;
 			}
@@ -303,9 +303,8 @@ if ( ! function_exists('days_in_month'))
 /**
  * Converts a local Unix timestamp to GMT
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	integer Unix timestamp
- * @return	integer
+ * @param	int	Unix timestamp
+ * @return	int
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('local_to_gmt'))
 {
@@ -336,11 +335,10 @@ if ( ! function_exists('local_to_gmt'))
  * at the local value based on the timezone and DST setting
  * submitted
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	integer Unix timestamp
+ * @param	int	Unix timestamp
  * @param	string	timezone
  * @param	bool	whether DST is active
- * @return	integer
+ * @return	int
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('gmt_to_local'))
 {
@@ -367,9 +365,8 @@ if ( ! function_exists('gmt_to_local'))
 /**
  * Converts a MySQL Timestamp to Unix
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	integer Unix timestamp
- * @return	integer
+ * @param	int	Unix timestamp
+ * @return	int
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('mysql_to_unix'))
 {
@@ -402,8 +399,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('mysql_to_unix'))
  *
  * Formats Unix timestamp to the following prototype: 2006-08-21 11:35 PM
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	integer Unix timestamp
+ * @param	int	Unix timestamp
  * @param	bool	whether to show seconds
  * @param	string	format: us or euro
  * @return	string
@@ -444,9 +440,8 @@ if ( ! function_exists('unix_to_human'))
  *
  * Reverses the above process
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	format: us or euro
- * @return	integer
+ * @return	int
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('human_to_unix'))
 {
@@ -492,12 +487,12 @@ if ( ! function_exists('human_to_unix'))
 		{
 			$ampm = strtolower($split['2']);
 
-			if (substr($ampm, 0, 1) == 'p' AND $hour < 12)
+			if (substr($ampm, 0, 1) === 'p' && $hour < 12)
 			{
 				$hour = $hour + 12;
 			}
 
-			if (substr($ampm, 0, 1) == 'a' AND $hour == 12)
+			if (substr($ampm, 0, 1) === 'a' && $hour == 12)
 			{
 				$hour =  '00';
 			}
@@ -518,10 +513,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('human_to_unix'))
  * Turns many "reasonably-date-like" strings into something
  * that is actually useful. This only works for dates after unix epoch.
  *
- * @access  public
- * @param   string  The terribly formatted date-like string
- * @param   string  Date format to return (same as php date function)
- * @return  string
+ * @param	string	The terribly formatted date-like string
+ * @param	string	Date format to return (same as php date function)
+ * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('nice_date'))
 {
@@ -586,7 +580,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('nice_date'))
  *
  * Generates a drop-down menu of timezones.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	timezone
  * @param	string	classname
  * @param	string	menu name
@@ -627,10 +620,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('timezone_menu'))
 /**
  * Timezones
  *
- * Returns an array of timezones.  This is a helper function
+ * Returns an array of timezones. This is a helper function
  * for various other ones in this library
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	timezone
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -691,7 +683,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('timezones'))
 
 		$tz = ($tz == 'GMT') ? 'UTC' : $tz;
 
-		return ( ! isset($zones[$tz])) ? 0 : $zones[$tz];
+		return isset($zones[$tz]) ? $zones[$tz] : 0;
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/system/helpers/directory_helper.php b/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
index be65b388d..4044ace11 100644
--- a/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Directory Helpers
  *
@@ -43,12 +41,11 @@
  * Create a Directory Map
  *
  * Reads the specified directory and builds an array
- * representation of it.  Sub-folders contained with the
+ * representation of it. Sub-folders contained with the
  * directory will be mapped as well.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	path to source
- * @param	int		depth of directories to traverse (0 = fully recursive, 1 = current dir, etc)
+ * @param	int	depth of directories to traverse (0 = fully recursive, 1 = current dir, etc)
  * @return	array
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('directory_map'))
@@ -64,7 +61,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('directory_map'))
 			while (FALSE !== ($file = readdir($fp)))
 			{
 				// Remove '.', '..', and hidden files [optional]
-				if ( ! trim($file, '.') OR ($hidden == FALSE && $file[0] == '.'))
+				if ( ! trim($file, '.') OR ($hidden == FALSE && $file[0] === '.'))
 				{
 					continue;
 				}
@@ -87,6 +84,5 @@ if ( ! function_exists('directory_map'))
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file directory_helper.php */
 /* Location: ./system/helpers/directory_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/download_helper.php b/system/helpers/download_helper.php
index 4a1a79cc3..8b87f8179 100644
--- a/system/helpers/download_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/download_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Download Helpers
  *
@@ -44,76 +42,89 @@
  *
  * Generates headers that force a download to happen
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	filename
  * @param	mixed	the data to be downloaded
+ * @param	bool	wether to try and send the actual file MIME type
  * @return	void
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('force_download'))
 {
-	function force_download($filename = '', $data = '')
+	function force_download($filename = '', $data = '', $set_mime = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ($filename == '' OR $data == '')
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		// Try to determine if the filename includes a file extension.
-		// We need it in order to set the MIME type
-		if (FALSE === strpos($filename, '.'))
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
+		// Set the default MIME type to send
+		$mime = 'application/octet-stream';
 
-		// Grab the file extension
 		$x = explode('.', $filename);
 		$extension = end($x);
 
-		// Load the mime types
-		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php'))
-		{
-			include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php');
-		}
-		elseif (is_file(APPPATH.'config/mimes.php'))
+		if ($set_mime === TRUE)
 		{
-			include(APPPATH.'config/mimes.php');
-		}
+			if (count($x) === 1 OR $extension === '')
+			{
+				/* If we're going to detect the MIME type,
+				 * we'll need a file extension.
+				 */
+				return FALSE;
+			}
 
-		// Set a default mime if we can't find it
-		if ( ! isset($mimes[$extension]))
-		{
-			$mime = 'application/octet-stream';
+			// Load the mime types
+			if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php'))
+			{
+				include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php');
+			}
+			elseif (is_file(APPPATH.'config/mimes.php'))
+			{
+				include(APPPATH.'config/mimes.php');
+			}
+
+			// Only change the default MIME if we can find one
+			if (isset($mimes[$extension]))
+			{
+				$mime = is_array($mimes[$extension]) ? $mimes[$extension][0] : $mimes[$extension];
+			}
 		}
-		else
+
+		/* It was reported that browsers on Android 2.1 (and possibly older as well)
+		 * need to have the filename extension upper-cased in order to be able to
+		 * download it.
+		 *
+		 * Reference: http://digiblog.de/2011/04/19/android-and-the-download-file-headers/
+		 */
+		if (count($x) !== 1 && isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) && preg_match('/Android\s(1|2\.[01])/', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']))
 		{
-			$mime = (is_array($mimes[$extension])) ? $mimes[$extension][0] : $mimes[$extension];
+			$x[count($x) - 1] = strtoupper($extension);
+			$filename = implode('.', $x);
 		}
+		
+		// Clean output buffer
+		ob_clean();
 
 		// Generate the server headers
-		if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], "MSIE") !== FALSE)
+		header('Content-Type: '.$mime);
+		header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.$filename.'"');
+		header('Expires: 0');
+		header('Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary');
+		header('Content-Length: '.strlen($data));
+
+		// Internet Explorer-specific headers
+		if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) && strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'MSIE') !== FALSE)
 		{
-			header('Content-Type: "'.$mime.'"');
-			header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.$filename.'"');
-			header('Expires: 0');
 			header('Cache-Control: must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0');
-			header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary");
 			header('Pragma: public');
-			header("Content-Length: ".strlen($data));
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			header('Content-Type: "'.$mime.'"');
-			header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.$filename.'"');
-			header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary");
-			header('Expires: 0');
 			header('Pragma: no-cache');
-			header("Content-Length: ".strlen($data));
 		}
 
 		exit($data);
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file download_helper.php */
 /* Location: ./system/helpers/download_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/email_helper.php b/system/helpers/email_helper.php
index f184031a9..497625c10 100644
--- a/system/helpers/email_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/email_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Email Helpers
  *
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@
 /**
  * Validate email address
  *
- * @access	public
+ * @param	string
  * @return	bool
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('valid_email'))
@@ -58,7 +56,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('valid_email'))
 /**
  * Send an email
  *
- * @access	public
+ * @param	string
+ * @param	string
+ * @param	string
  * @return	bool
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('send_email'))
@@ -70,4 +70,4 @@ if ( ! function_exists('send_email'))
 }
 
 /* End of file email_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/email_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/email_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/file_helper.php b/system/helpers/file_helper.php
index 2d4b10e37..a5aabecd6 100644
--- a/system/helpers/file_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/file_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter File Helpers
  *
@@ -44,7 +42,6 @@
  *
  * Opens the file specfied in the path and returns it as a string.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	path to file
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -90,7 +87,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('read_file'))
  * Writes data to the file specified in the path.
  * Creates a new file if non-existent.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	path to file
  * @param	string	file data
  * @return	bool
@@ -123,14 +119,15 @@ if ( ! function_exists('write_file'))
  * If the second parameter is set to TRUE, any directories contained
  * within the supplied base directory will be nuked as well.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	path to file
  * @param	bool	whether to delete any directories found in the path
+ * @param	int
+ * @param	bool	whether to skip deleting .htaccess and index page files
  * @return	bool
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('delete_files'))
 {
-	function delete_files($path, $del_dir = FALSE, $level = 0)
+	function delete_files($path, $del_dir = FALSE, $level = 0, $htdocs = FALSE)
 	{
 		// Trim the trailing slash
 		$path = rtrim($path, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
@@ -142,21 +139,21 @@ if ( ! function_exists('delete_files'))
 
 		while (FALSE !== ($filename = @readdir($current_dir)))
 		{
-			if ($filename !== '.' and $filename !== '..')
+			if ($filename !== '.' && $filename !== '..')
 			{
 				if (is_dir($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename) && $filename[0] !== '.')
 				{
-					delete_files($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename, $del_dir, $level + 1);
+					delete_files($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename, $del_dir, $level + 1, $htdocs);
 				}
-				else
+				elseif ($htdocs === TRUE && ! preg_match('/^(\.htaccess|index\.(html|htm|php)|web\.config)$/i', $filename))
 				{
-					unlink($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename);
+					@unlink($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename);
 				}
 			}
 		}
 		@closedir($current_dir);
 
-		if ($del_dir == TRUE AND $level > 0)
+		if ($del_dir == TRUE && $level > 0)
 		{
 			return @rmdir($path);
 		}
@@ -173,7 +170,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('delete_files'))
  * Reads the specified directory and builds an array containing the filenames.
  * Any sub-folders contained within the specified path are read as well.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	path to source
  * @param	bool	whether to include the path as part of the filename
  * @param	bool	internal variable to determine recursion status - do not use in calls
@@ -224,7 +220,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_filenames'))
  *
  * Any sub-folders contained within the specified path are read as well.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	path to source
  * @param	bool	Look only at the top level directory specified?
  * @param	bool	internal variable to determine recursion status - do not use in calls
@@ -278,7 +273,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_dir_file_info'))
 * Options are: name, server_path, size, date, readable, writable, executable, fileperms
 * Returns FALSE if the file cannot be found.
 *
-* @access	public
 * @param	string	path to file
 * @param	mixed	array or comma separated string of information returned
 * @return	array
@@ -345,7 +339,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_file_info'))
  * Note: this is NOT an accurate way of determining file mime types, and is here strictly as a convenience
  * It should NOT be trusted, and should certainly NOT be used for security
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	path to file
  * @return	mixed
  */
@@ -399,7 +392,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_mime_by_extension'))
  * Takes a numeric value representing a file's permissions and returns
  * standard symbolic notation representing that value
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	int
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -467,7 +459,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('symbolic_permissions'))
  * Takes a numeric value representing a file's permissions and returns
  * a three character string representing the file's octal permissions
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	int
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -480,4 +471,4 @@ if ( ! function_exists('octal_permissions'))
 }
 
 /* End of file file_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/file_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/file_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/form_helper.php b/system/helpers/form_helper.php
index bed2cb297..e5b487608 100644
--- a/system/helpers/form_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/form_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -22,11 +22,8 @@
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
- * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Form Helpers
  *
@@ -44,7 +41,6 @@
  *
  * Creates the opening portion of the form.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the URI segments of the form destination
  * @param	array	a key/value pair of attributes
  * @param	array	a key/value pair hidden data
@@ -73,14 +69,14 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_open'))
 		$form = '<form action="'.$action.'"'._attributes_to_string($attributes, TRUE).">\n";
 
 		// Add CSRF field if enabled, but leave it out for GET requests and requests to external websites
-		if ($CI->config->item('csrf_protection') === TRUE AND ! (strpos($action, $CI->config->site_url()) === FALSE OR strpos($form, 'method="get"')))
+		if ($CI->config->item('csrf_protection') === TRUE && ! (strpos($action, $CI->config->base_url()) === FALSE OR strpos($form, 'method="get"')))
 		{
 			$hidden[$CI->security->get_csrf_token_name()] = $CI->security->get_csrf_hash();
 		}
 
-		if (is_array($hidden) AND count($hidden) > 0)
+		if (is_array($hidden) && count($hidden) > 0)
 		{
-			$form .= sprintf("<div style=\"display:none\">%s</div>", form_hidden($hidden));
+			$form .= sprintf('<div style="display:none;">%s</div>', form_hidden($hidden));
 		}
 
 		return $form;
@@ -94,7 +90,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_open'))
  *
  * Creates the opening portion of the form, but with "multipart/form-data".
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the URI segments of the form destination
  * @param	array	a key/value pair of attributes
  * @param	array	a key/value pair hidden data
@@ -122,10 +117,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_open_multipart'))
 /**
  * Hidden Input Field
  *
- * Generates hidden fields.  You can pass a simple key/value string or an associative
- * array with multiple values.
+ * Generates hidden fields. You can pass a simple key/value string or
+ * an associative array with multiple values.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
@@ -158,7 +152,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_hidden'))
 		{
 			foreach ($value as $k => $v)
 			{
-				$k = (is_int($k)) ? '' : $k;
+				$k = is_int($k) ? '' : $k;
 				form_hidden($name.'['.$k.']', $v, TRUE);
 			}
 		}
@@ -172,7 +166,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_hidden'))
 /**
  * Text Input Field
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
@@ -182,7 +175,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_input'))
 {
 	function form_input($data = '', $value = '', $extra = '')
 	{
-		$defaults = array('type' => 'text', 'name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
+		$defaults = array('type' => 'text', 'name' => ( ! is_array($data) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
 
 		return '<input '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />\n";
 	}
@@ -195,7 +188,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_input'))
  *
  * Identical to the input function but adds the "password" type
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
@@ -222,7 +214,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_password'))
  *
  * Identical to the input function but adds the "file" type
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
@@ -247,7 +238,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_upload'))
 /**
  * Textarea field
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
@@ -257,7 +247,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_textarea'))
 {
 	function form_textarea($data = '', $value = '', $extra = '')
 	{
-		$defaults = array('name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'cols' => '40', 'rows' => '10');
+		$defaults = array('name' => ( ! is_array($data) ? $data : ''), 'cols' => '40', 'rows' => '10');
 
 		if ( ! is_array($data) OR ! isset($data['value']))
 		{
@@ -269,7 +259,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_textarea'))
 			unset($data['value']); // textareas don't use the value attribute
 		}
 
-		$name = (is_array($data)) ? $data['name'] : $data;
+		$name = is_array($data) ? $data['name'] : $data;
 		return '<textarea '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra.'>'.form_prep($val, $name)."</textarea>\n";
 	}
 }
@@ -279,12 +269,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_textarea'))
 /**
  * Multi-select menu
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	array
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
- * @return	type
+ * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('form_multiselect'))
 {
@@ -304,7 +293,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_multiselect'))
 /**
  * Drop-down Menu
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	array
  * @param	string
@@ -315,6 +303,16 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_dropdown'))
 {
 	function form_dropdown($name = '', $options = array(), $selected = array(), $extra = '')
 	{
+		// If name is really an array then we'll call the function again using the array
+		if (is_array($name) && isset($name['name']))
+		{
+			isset($name['options']) OR $name['options'] = array();
+			isset($name['selected']) OR $name['selected'] = array();
+			isset($name['extra']) OR $name['extra'] = array();
+
+			return form_dropdown($name['name'], $name['options'], $name['selected'], $name['extra']);
+		}
+
 		if ( ! is_array($selected))
 		{
 			$selected = array($selected);
@@ -342,11 +340,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_dropdown'))
 
 				foreach ($val as $optgroup_key => $optgroup_val)
 				{
-					$sel = (in_array($optgroup_key, $selected)) ? ' selected="selected"' : '';
+					$sel = in_array($optgroup_key, $selected) ? ' selected="selected"' : '';
 					$form .= '<option value="'.$optgroup_key.'"'.$sel.'>'.(string) $optgroup_val."</option>\n";
 				}
 
-				$form .= '</optgroup>'."\n";
+				$form .= "</optgroup>\n";
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -354,9 +352,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_dropdown'))
 			}
 		}
 
-		$form .= "</select>\n";
-
-		return $form;
+		return $form."</select>\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -365,7 +361,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_dropdown'))
 /**
  * Checkbox Field
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool
@@ -376,9 +371,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_checkbox'))
 {
 	function form_checkbox($data = '', $value = '', $checked = FALSE, $extra = '')
 	{
-		$defaults = array('type' => 'checkbox', 'name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
+		$defaults = array('type' => 'checkbox', 'name' => ( ! is_array($data) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
 
-		if (is_array($data) AND array_key_exists('checked', $data))
+		if (is_array($data) && array_key_exists('checked', $data))
 		{
 			$checked = $data['checked'];
 
@@ -410,7 +405,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_checkbox'))
 /**
  * Radio Button
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool
@@ -436,7 +430,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_radio'))
 /**
  * Submit Button
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
@@ -446,7 +439,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_submit'))
 {
 	function form_submit($data = '', $value = '', $extra = '')
 	{
-		$defaults = array('type' => 'submit', 'name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
+		$defaults = array('type' => 'submit', 'name' => ( ! is_array($data) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
 		return '<input '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />\n";
 	}
 }
@@ -456,7 +449,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_submit'))
 /**
  * Reset Button
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
@@ -466,7 +458,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_reset'))
 {
 	function form_reset($data = '', $value = '', $extra = '')
 	{
-		$defaults = array('type' => 'reset', 'name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
+		$defaults = array('type' => 'reset', 'name' => ( ! is_array($data) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
 		return '<input '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />\n";
 	}
 }
@@ -476,7 +468,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_reset'))
 /**
  * Form Button
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
@@ -486,8 +477,8 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_button'))
 {
 	function form_button($data = '', $content = '', $extra = '')
 	{
-		$defaults = array('name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'type' => 'button');
-		if ( is_array($data) AND isset($data['content']))
+		$defaults = array('name' => ( ! is_array($data) ? $data : ''), 'type' => 'button');
+		if (is_array($data) && isset($data['content']))
 		{
 			$content = $data['content'];
 			unset($data['content']); // content is not an attribute
@@ -502,7 +493,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_button'))
 /**
  * Form Label Tag
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	The text to appear onscreen
  * @param	string	The id the label applies to
  * @param	string	Additional attributes
@@ -517,10 +507,10 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_label'))
 
 		if ($id != '')
 		{
-			$label .= " for=\"$id\"";
+			$label .= ' for="'.$id.'"';
 		}
 
-		if (is_array($attributes) AND count($attributes) > 0)
+		if (is_array($attributes) && count($attributes) > 0)
 		{
 			foreach ($attributes as $key => $val)
 			{
@@ -528,7 +518,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_label'))
 			}
 		}
 
-		return $label .= ">$label_text</label>";
+		return $label.'>'.$label_text.'</label>';
 	}
 }
 
@@ -539,7 +529,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_label'))
  * Used to produce <fieldset><legend>text</legend>.  To close fieldset
  * use form_fieldset_close()
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	The legend text
  * @param	string	Additional attributes
  * @return	string
@@ -551,7 +540,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_fieldset'))
 		$fieldset = '<fieldset'._attributes_to_string($attributes, FALSE).">\n";
 		if ($legend_text != '')
 		{
-			$fieldset .= "<legend>$legend_text</legend>\n";
+			return $fieldset.'<legend>'.$legend_text."</legend>\n";
 		}
 
 		return $fieldset;
@@ -563,7 +552,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_fieldset'))
 /**
  * Fieldset Close Tag
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -571,7 +559,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_fieldset_close'))
 {
 	function form_fieldset_close($extra = '')
 	{
-		return "</fieldset>".$extra;
+		return '</fieldset>'.$extra;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -580,7 +568,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_fieldset_close'))
 /**
  * Form Close Tag
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -588,7 +575,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_close'))
 {
 	function form_close($extra = '')
 	{
-		return "</form>".$extra;
+		return '</form>'.$extra;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -599,7 +586,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_close'))
  *
  * Formats text so that it can be safely placed in a form field in the event it has HTML tags.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -649,10 +635,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_prep'))
  * Form Value
  *
  * Grabs a value from the POST array for the specified field so you can
- * re-populate an input field or textarea.  If Form Validation
+ * re-populate an input field or textarea. If Form Validation
  * is active it retrieves the info from the validation class
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	mixed
  */
@@ -682,7 +667,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('set_value'))
  * Let's you set the selected value of a <select> menu via data in the POST array.
  * If Form Validation is active it retrieves the info from the validation class
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool
@@ -698,7 +682,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('set_select'))
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($_POST[$field]))
 			{
-				if (count($_POST) === 0 AND $default == TRUE)
+				if (count($_POST) === 0 && $default == TRUE)
 				{
 					return ' selected="selected"';
 				}
@@ -714,12 +698,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('set_select'))
 					return '';
 				}
 			}
-			else
+			elseif (($field == '' OR $value == '') OR ($field != $value))
 			{
-				if (($field == '' OR $value == '') OR ($field != $value))
-				{
-					return '';
-				}
+				return '';
 			}
 
 			return ' selected="selected"';
@@ -737,7 +718,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('set_select'))
  * Let's you set the selected value of a checkbox via the value in the POST array.
  * If Form Validation is active it retrieves the info from the validation class
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool
@@ -753,7 +733,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('set_checkbox'))
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($_POST[$field]))
 			{
-				if (count($_POST) === 0 AND $default == TRUE)
+				if (count($_POST) === 0 && $default == TRUE)
 				{
 					return ' checked="checked"';
 				}
@@ -769,12 +749,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('set_checkbox'))
 					return '';
 				}
 			}
-			else
+			elseif (($field == '' OR $value == '') OR ($field != $value))
 			{
-				if (($field == '' OR $value == '') OR ($field != $value))
-				{
-					return '';
-				}
+				return '';
 			}
 
 			return ' checked="checked"';
@@ -792,7 +769,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('set_checkbox'))
  * Let's you set the selected value of a radio field via info in the POST array.
  * If Form Validation is active it retrieves the info from the validation class
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool
@@ -808,7 +784,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('set_radio'))
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($_POST[$field]))
 			{
-				if (count($_POST) === 0 AND $default == TRUE)
+				if (count($_POST) === 0 && $default == TRUE)
 				{
 					return ' checked="checked"';
 				}
@@ -844,10 +820,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('set_radio'))
 /**
  * Form Error
  *
- * Returns the error for a specific form field.  This is a helper for the
+ * Returns the error for a specific form field. This is a helper for the
  * form validation class.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
@@ -871,10 +846,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_error'))
 /**
  * Validation Error String
  *
- * Returns all the errors associated with a form submission.  This is a helper
+ * Returns all the errors associated with a form submission. This is a helper
  * function for the form validation class.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
@@ -899,7 +873,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('validation_errors'))
  *
  * Helper function used by some of the form helpers
  *
- * @access	private
  * @param	array
  * @param	array
  * @return	string
@@ -934,7 +907,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_parse_form_attributes'))
 				$val = form_prep($val, $default['name']);
 			}
 
-			$att .= $key . '="' . $val . '" ';
+			$att .= $key.'="'.$val.'" ';
 		}
 
 		return $att;
@@ -948,7 +921,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_parse_form_attributes'))
  *
  * Helper function used by some of the form helpers
  *
- * @access	private
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	bool
  * @return	string
@@ -957,14 +929,14 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_attributes_to_string'))
 {
 	function _attributes_to_string($attributes, $formtag = FALSE)
 	{
-		if (is_string($attributes) AND strlen($attributes) > 0)
+		if (is_string($attributes) && strlen($attributes) > 0)
 		{
-			if ($formtag == TRUE AND strpos($attributes, 'method=') === FALSE)
+			if ($formtag == TRUE && strpos($attributes, 'method=') === FALSE)
 			{
 				$attributes .= ' method="post"';
 			}
 
-			if ($formtag == TRUE AND strpos($attributes, 'accept-charset=') === FALSE)
+			if ($formtag == TRUE && strpos($attributes, 'accept-charset=') === FALSE)
 			{
 				$attributes .= ' accept-charset="'.strtolower(config_item('charset')).'"';
 			}
@@ -972,21 +944,21 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_attributes_to_string'))
 			return ' '.$attributes;
 		}
 
-		if (is_object($attributes) AND count($attributes) > 0)
+		if (is_object($attributes) && count($attributes) > 0)
 		{
-			$attributes = (array)$attributes;
+			$attributes = (array) $attributes;
 		}
 
-		if (is_array($attributes) AND ($formtag === TRUE OR count($attributes) > 0))
+		if (is_array($attributes) && ($formtag === TRUE OR count($attributes) > 0))
 		{
 			$atts = '';
 
-			if ( ! isset($attributes['method']) AND $formtag === TRUE)
+			if ( ! isset($attributes['method']) && $formtag === TRUE)
 			{
 				$atts .= ' method="post"';
 			}
 
-			if ( ! isset($attributes['accept-charset']) AND $formtag === TRUE)
+			if ( ! isset($attributes['accept-charset']) && $formtag === TRUE)
 			{
 				$atts .= ' accept-charset="'.strtolower(config_item('charset')).'"';
 			}
@@ -1009,7 +981,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_attributes_to_string'))
  * Determines what the form validation class was instantiated as, fetches
  * the object and returns it.
  *
- * @access	private
  * @return	mixed
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('_get_validation_object'))
@@ -1036,4 +1007,4 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_get_validation_object'))
 }
 
 /* End of file form_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/form_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/form_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/html_helper.php b/system/helpers/html_helper.php
index 72970d9ca..0417bd253 100644
--- a/system/helpers/html_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/html_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter HTML Helpers
  *
@@ -42,12 +40,10 @@
 /**
  * Heading
  *
- * Generates an HTML heading tag.  First param is the data.
- * Second param is the size of the heading tag.
+ * Generates an HTML heading tag.
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	string
- * @param	integer
+ * @param	string	content
+ * @param	int	heading level
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('heading'))
@@ -65,7 +61,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('heading'))
  *
  * Generates an HTML unordered list from an single or multi-dimensional array.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	array
  * @param	mixed
  * @return	string
@@ -85,7 +80,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('ul'))
  *
  * Generates an HTML ordered list from an single or multi-dimensional array.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	array
  * @param	mixed
  * @return	string
@@ -105,11 +99,10 @@ if ( ! function_exists('ol'))
  *
  * Generates an HTML ordered list from an single or multi-dimensional array.
  *
- * @access	private
  * @param	string
  * @param	mixed
  * @param	mixed
- * @param	integer
+ * @param	int
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('_list'))
@@ -131,13 +124,13 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_list'))
 			$atts = '';
 			foreach ($attributes as $key => $val)
 			{
-				$atts .= ' ' . $key . '="' . $val . '"';
+				$atts .= ' '.$key.'="'.$val.'"';
 			}
 			$attributes = $atts;
 		}
-		elseif (is_string($attributes) AND strlen($attributes) > 0)
+		elseif (is_string($attributes) && strlen($attributes) > 0)
 		{
-			$attributes = ' '. $attributes;
+			$attributes = ' '.$attributes;
 		}
 
 		// Write the opening list tag
@@ -175,8 +168,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_list'))
 /**
  * Generates HTML BR tags based on number supplied
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	integer
+ * @param	int
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('br'))
@@ -194,8 +186,8 @@ if ( ! function_exists('br'))
  *
  * Generates an <img /> element
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed
+ * @param	bool
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('img'))
@@ -217,7 +209,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('img'))
 
 		foreach ($src as $k => $v)
 		{
-			if ($k === 'src' AND strpos($v, '://') === FALSE)
+			if ($k === 'src' && strpos($v, '://') === FALSE)
 			{
 				$CI =& get_instance();
 
@@ -232,7 +224,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('img'))
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$img .= " $k=\"$v\"";
+				$img .= ' '.$k.'="'.$v.'"';
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -248,10 +240,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('img'))
  * Generates a page document type declaration
  *
  * Valid options are xhtml-11, xhtml-strict, xhtml-trans, xhtml-frame,
- * html4-strict, html4-trans, and html4-frame.  Values are saved in the
+ * html4-strict, html4-trans, and html4-frame. Values are saved in the
  * doctypes config file.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	type	The doctype to be generated
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -263,7 +254,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('doctype'))
 
 		if ( ! is_array($_doctypes))
 		{
-			if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/doctypes.php'))
+			if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/doctypes.php'))
 			{
 				include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/doctypes.php');
 			}
@@ -278,7 +269,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('doctype'))
 			}
 		}
 
-		return (isset($_doctypes[$type])) ? $_doctypes[$type] : FALSE;
+		return isset($_doctypes[$type]) ? $_doctypes[$type] : FALSE;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -289,13 +280,12 @@ if ( ! function_exists('doctype'))
  *
  * Generates link to a CSS file
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed	stylesheet hrefs or an array
  * @param	string	rel
  * @param	string	type
  * @param	string	title
  * @param	string	media
- * @param	boolean	should index_page be added to the css path
+ * @param	bool	should index_page be added to the css path
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('link_tag'))
@@ -309,7 +299,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('link_tag'))
 		{
 			foreach ($href as $k => $v)
 			{
-				if ($k === 'href' AND strpos($v, '://') === FALSE)
+				if ($k === 'href' && strpos($v, '://') === FALSE)
 				{
 					if ($index_page === TRUE)
 					{
@@ -322,11 +312,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('link_tag'))
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					$link .= "$k=\"$v\" ";
+					$link .= $k.'="'.$v.'" ';
 				}
 			}
-
-			$link .= '/>';
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -354,11 +342,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('link_tag'))
 			{
 				$link .= 'title="'.$title.'" ';
 			}
-
-			$link .= '/>';
 		}
 
-		return $link."\n";
+		return $link."/>\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -367,8 +353,10 @@ if ( ! function_exists('link_tag'))
 /**
  * Generates meta tags from an array of key/values
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	array
+ * @param	string
+ * @param	string
+ * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('meta'))
@@ -381,13 +369,10 @@ if ( ! function_exists('meta'))
 		{
 			$name = array(array('name' => $name, 'content' => $content, 'type' => $type, 'newline' => $newline));
 		}
-		else
+		elseif (isset($name['name']))
 		{
 			// Turn single array into multidimensional
-			if (isset($name['name']))
-			{
-				$name = array($name);
-			}
+			$name = array($name);
 		}
 
 		$str = '';
@@ -410,8 +395,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('meta'))
 /**
  * Generates non-breaking space entities based on number supplied
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	integer
+ * @param	int
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('nbs'))
@@ -423,4 +407,4 @@ if ( ! function_exists('nbs'))
 }
 
 /* End of file html_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/html_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/html_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php b/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
index 0bd1e112f..feeaf57d7 100644
--- a/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Inflector Helpers
  *
@@ -34,10 +32,9 @@
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/directory_helper.html
+ * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/inflector_helper.html
  */
 
-
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
@@ -45,7 +42,6 @@
  *
  * Takes a plural word and makes it singular
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	str
  */
@@ -55,37 +51,51 @@ if ( ! function_exists('singular'))
 	{
 		$result = strval($str);
 
+		if ( ! is_countable($result))
+		{
+			return $result;
+		}
+
 		$singular_rules = array(
-			'/(matr)ices$/'			=> '\1ix',
-			'/(vert|ind)ices$/'		=> '\1ex',
-			'/^(ox)en/'				=> '\1',
-			'/(alias)es$/'			=> '\1',
-			'/([octop|vir])i$/'		=> '\1us',
-			'/(cris|ax|test)es$/'	=> '\1is',
-			'/(shoe)s$/'			=> '\1',
-			'/(o)es$/'				=> '\1',
-			'/(bus|campus)es$/'		=> '\1',
-			'/([m|l])ice$/'			=> '\1ouse',
-			'/(x|ch|ss|sh)es$/'		=> '\1',
-			'/(m)ovies$/'			=> '\1\2ovie',
-			'/(s)eries$/'			=> '\1\2eries',
-			'/([^aeiouy]|qu)ies$/'	=> '\1y',
-			'/([lr])ves$/'			=> '\1f',
-			'/(tive)s$/'			=> '\1',
-			'/(hive)s$/'			=> '\1',
-			'/([^f])ves$/'			=> '\1fe',
-			'/(^analy)ses$/'		=> '\1sis',
+			'/(matr)ices$/'         => '\1ix',
+			'/(vert|ind)ices$/'     => '\1ex',
+			'/^(ox)en/'             => '\1',
+			'/(alias)es$/'          => '\1',
+			'/([octop|vir])i$/'     => '\1us',
+			'/(cris|ax|test)es$/'   => '\1is',
+			'/(shoe)s$/'            => '\1',
+			'/(o)es$/'              => '\1',
+			'/(bus|campus)es$/'     => '\1',
+			'/([m|l])ice$/'         => '\1ouse',
+			'/(x|ch|ss|sh)es$/'     => '\1',
+			'/(m)ovies$/'           => '\1\2ovie',
+			'/(s)eries$/'           => '\1\2eries',
+			'/([^aeiouy]|qu)ies$/'  => '\1y',
+			'/([lr])ves$/'          => '\1f',
+			'/(tive)s$/'            => '\1',
+			'/(hive)s$/'            => '\1',
+			'/([^f])ves$/'          => '\1fe',
+			'/(^analy)ses$/'        => '\1sis',
 			'/((a)naly|(b)a|(d)iagno|(p)arenthe|(p)rogno|(s)ynop|(t)he)ses$/' => '\1\2sis',
-			'/([ti])a$/'			=> '\1um',
-			'/(p)eople$/'			=> '\1\2erson',
-			'/(m)en$/'				=> '\1an',
-			'/(s)tatuses$/'			=> '\1\2tatus',
-			'/(c)hildren$/'			=> '\1\2hild',
-			'/(n)ews$/'				=> '\1\2ews',
-			'/([^u])s$/'			=> '\1',
+			'/([ti])a$/'            => '\1um',
+			'/(p)eople$/'           => '\1\2erson',
+			'/(m)en$/'              => '\1an',
+			'/(s)tatuses$/'         => '\1\2tatus',
+			'/(c)hildren$/'         => '\1\2hild',
+			'/(n)ews$/'             => '\1\2ews',
+			'/([^us])s$/'           => '\1',
 		);
 
-		return preg_replace(array_keys($singular_values), $singular_values, $result);
+		foreach ($singular_rules as $rule => $replacement)
+		{
+			if (preg_match($rule, $result))
+			{
+				$result = preg_replace($rule, $replacement, $result);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return $result;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -96,7 +106,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('singular'))
  *
  * Takes a singular word and makes it plural
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool
  * @return	str
@@ -107,29 +116,43 @@ if ( ! function_exists('plural'))
 	{
 		$result = strval($str);
 
+		if ( ! is_countable($result))
+		{
+			return $result;
+		}
+
 		$plural_rules = array(
-			'/^(ox)$/'					=> '\1\2en',	 // ox
-			'/([m|l])ouse$/'			=> '\1ice',	  // mouse, louse
-			'/(matr|vert|ind)ix|ex$/'	=> '\1ices',	 // matrix, vertex, index
-			'/(x|ch|ss|sh)$/'			=> '\1es',	   // search, switch, fix, box, process, address
-			'/([^aeiouy]|qu)y$/'		=> '\1ies',	  // query, ability, agency
-			'/(hive)$/'					=> '\1s',		// archive, hive
-			'/(?:([^f])fe|([lr])f)$/'	=> '\1\2ves',	// half, safe, wife
-			'/sis$/'					=> 'ses',		// basis, diagnosis
-			'/([ti])um$/'				=> '\1a',		// datum, medium
-			'/(p)erson$/'				=> '\1eople',	// person, salesperson
-			'/(m)an$/'					=> '\1en',	   // man, woman, spokesman
-			'/(c)hild$/'				=> '\1hildren',  // child
-			'/(buffal|tomat)o$/'		=> '\1\2oes',	// buffalo, tomato
-			'/(bu|campu)s$/'			=> '\1\2ses',	// bus, campus
-			'/(alias|status|virus)/'	=> '\1es',	   // alias
-			'/(octop)us$/'				=> '\1i',		// octopus
-			'/(ax|cris|test)is$/'		=> '\1es',	   // axis, crisis
-			'/s$/'						=> 's',		  // no change (compatibility)
-			'/$/'						=> 's',
+			'/^(ox)$/'                 => '\1\2en',     // ox
+			'/([m|l])ouse$/'           => '\1ice',      // mouse, louse
+			'/(matr|vert|ind)ix|ex$/'  => '\1ices',     // matrix, vertex, index
+			'/(x|ch|ss|sh)$/'          => '\1es',       // search, switch, fix, box, process, address
+			'/([^aeiouy]|qu)y$/'       => '\1ies',      // query, ability, agency
+			'/(hive)$/'                => '\1s',        // archive, hive
+			'/(?:([^f])fe|([lr])f)$/'  => '\1\2ves',    // half, safe, wife
+			'/sis$/'                   => 'ses',        // basis, diagnosis
+			'/([ti])um$/'              => '\1a',        // datum, medium
+			'/(p)erson$/'              => '\1eople',    // person, salesperson
+			'/(m)an$/'                 => '\1en',       // man, woman, spokesman
+			'/(c)hild$/'               => '\1hildren',  // child
+			'/(buffal|tomat)o$/'       => '\1\2oes',    // buffalo, tomato
+			'/(bu|campu)s$/'           => '\1\2ses',    // bus, campus
+			'/(alias|status|virus)$/'  => '\1es',       // alias
+			'/(octop)us$/'             => '\1i',        // octopus
+			'/(ax|cris|test)is$/'      => '\1es',       // axis, crisis
+			'/s$/'                     => 's',          // no change (compatibility)
+			'/$/'                      => 's',
 		);
 
-		return preg_replace(array_keys($plural_rules), $plural_rules, $result);
+		foreach ($plural_rules as $rule => $replacement)
+		{
+			if (preg_match($rule, $result))
+			{
+				$result = preg_replace($rule, $replacement, $result);
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return $result;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -140,7 +163,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('plural'))
  *
  * Takes multiple words separated by spaces or underscores and camelizes them
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	str
  */
@@ -148,7 +170,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('camelize'))
 {
 	function camelize($str)
 	{
-		return substr(str_replace(' ', '', ucwords(preg_replace('/[\s_]+/', ' ', $str))), 1);
+		return strtolower($str[0]).substr(str_replace(' ', '', ucwords(preg_replace('/[\s_]+/', ' ', $str))), 1);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -159,7 +181,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('camelize'))
  *
  * Takes multiple words separated by spaces and underscores them
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	str
  */
@@ -178,9 +199,8 @@ if ( ! function_exists('underscore'))
  *
  * Takes multiple words separated by the separator and changes them to spaces
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param	string $str
- * @param 	string $separator
+ * @param	string	$str
+ * @param 	string	$separator
  * @return	str
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('humanize'))
@@ -191,5 +211,24 @@ if ( ! function_exists('humanize'))
 	}
 }
 
+/**
+ * Checks if the given word has a plural version.
+ *
+ * @param	string	the word to check
+ * @return	bool	if the word is countable
+ */
+if ( ! function_exists('is_countable'))
+{
+	function is_countable($word)
+	{
+		return ! in_array(strtolower(strval($word)),
+					array(
+						'equipment', 'information', 'rice', 'money',
+						'species', 'series', 'fish', 'meta'
+					)
+			);
+	}
+}
+
 /* End of file inflector_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/inflector_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/inflector_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/language_helper.php b/system/helpers/language_helper.php
index a83580a97..b31c97107 100644
--- a/system/helpers/language_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/language_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Language Helpers
  *
@@ -44,7 +42,6 @@
  *
  * Fetches a language variable and optionally outputs a form label
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the language line
  * @param	string	the id of the form element
  * @return	string
@@ -58,7 +55,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('lang'))
 
 		if ($id != '')
 		{
-			$line = '<label for="'.$id.'">'.$line."</label>";
+			$line = '<label for="'.$id.'">'.$line.'</label>';
 		}
 
 		return $line;
@@ -66,4 +63,4 @@ if ( ! function_exists('lang'))
 }
 
 /* End of file language_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/language_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/language_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/number_helper.php b/system/helpers/number_helper.php
index 331b468c6..40da6e7bf 100644
--- a/system/helpers/number_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/number_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Number Helpers
  *
@@ -42,7 +40,6 @@
 /**
  * Formats a numbers as bytes, based on size, and adds the appropriate suffix
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed	// will be cast as int
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -84,4 +81,4 @@ if ( ! function_exists('byte_format'))
 }
 
 /* End of file number_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/number_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/number_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/path_helper.php b/system/helpers/path_helper.php
index cd87a73eb..6ee99072c 100644
--- a/system/helpers/path_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/path_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Path Helpers
  *
@@ -42,7 +40,6 @@
 /**
  * Set Realpath
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool	checks to see if the path exists
  * @return	string
@@ -51,30 +48,26 @@ if ( ! function_exists('set_realpath'))
 {
 	function set_realpath($path, $check_existance = FALSE)
 	{
-		// Security check to make sure the path is NOT a URL.  No remote file inclusion!
-		if (preg_match("#^(http:\/\/|https:\/\/|www\.|ftp|[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3})#i", $path))
+		// Security check to make sure the path is NOT a URL. No remote file inclusion!
+		if (preg_match('#^(http:\/\/|https:\/\/|www\.|ftp|[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3})#i', $path))
 		{
 			show_error('The path you submitted must be a local server path, not a URL');
 		}
 
 		// Resolve the path
-		if (function_exists('realpath') AND @realpath($path) !== FALSE)
+		if (function_exists('realpath') && @realpath($path) !== FALSE)
 		{
 			$path = realpath($path);
 		}
-
-		// Add a trailing slash
-		$path = rtrim($path, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
-
-		// Make sure the path exists
-		if ($check_existance == TRUE && ! is_dir($path))
+		elseif ($check_existance && ! is_dir($path) && ! is_file($path))
 		{
 			show_error('Not a valid path: '.$path);
 		}
 
-		return $path;
+		// Add a trailing slash, if this is a directory
+		return is_dir($path) ? rtrim($path, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR : $path;
 	}
 }
 
 /* End of file path_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/path_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/path_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/security_helper.php b/system/helpers/security_helper.php
index 99fda561a..d6f134c9f 100644
--- a/system/helpers/security_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/security_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Security Helpers
  *
@@ -42,7 +40,6 @@
 /**
  * XSS Filtering
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool	whether or not the content is an image file
  * @return	string
@@ -61,7 +58,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('xss_clean'))
 /**
  * Sanitize Filename
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -79,7 +75,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('sanitize_filename'))
 /**
  * Hash encode a string
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -87,7 +82,12 @@ if ( ! function_exists('do_hash'))
 {
 	function do_hash($str, $type = 'sha1')
 	{
-		return ($type === 'sha1') ? sha1($str) : md5($str);
+		if ( ! in_array(strtolower($type), hash_algos()))
+		{
+			$type = 'md5';
+		}
+
+		return hash($type, $str);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('do_hash'))
 /**
  * Strip Image Tags
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('strip_image_tags'))
 {
 	function strip_image_tags($str)
 	{
-		return preg_replace(array("#<img\s+.*?src\s*=\s*[\"'](.+?)[\"'].*?\>#", "#<img\s+.*?src\s*=\s*(.+?).*?\>#"), "\\1", $str);
+		return preg_replace(array('#<img\s+.*?src\s*=\s*["\'](.+?)["\'].*?\>#', '#<img\s+.*?src\s*=\s*(.+?).*?\>#'), '\\1', $str);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -113,7 +112,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('strip_image_tags'))
 /**
  * Convert PHP tags to entities
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -126,4 +124,4 @@ if ( ! function_exists('encode_php_tags'))
 }
 
 /* End of file security_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/security_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/security_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php b/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php
index 700f4486c..8dba74e73 100644
--- a/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Smiley Helpers
  *
@@ -45,7 +43,6 @@
  * Returns the javascript required for the smiley insertion.  Optionally takes
  * an array of aliases to loosely couple the smiley array to the view.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed	alias name or array of alias->field_id pairs
  * @param	string	field_id if alias name was passed in
  * @return	array
@@ -139,7 +136,6 @@ EOF;
  * Returns an array of image tag links that can be clicked to be inserted
  * into a form field.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the URL to the folder containing the smiley images
  * @return	array
  */
@@ -193,7 +189,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_clickable_smileys'))
  *
  * Takes a string as input and swaps any contained smileys for the actual image
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the text to be parsed
  * @param	string	the URL to the folder containing the smiley images
  * @return	string
@@ -234,14 +229,13 @@ if ( ! function_exists('parse_smileys'))
  *
  * Fetches the config/smiley.php file
  *
- * @access	private
  * @return	mixed
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('_get_smiley_array'))
 {
 	function _get_smiley_array()
 	{
-		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND file_exists(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/smileys.php'))
+		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && file_exists(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/smileys.php'))
 		{
 			include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/smileys.php');
 		}
@@ -249,8 +243,8 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_get_smiley_array'))
 		{
 			include(APPPATH.'config/smileys.php');
 		}
-		
-		if (isset($smileys) AND is_array($smileys))
+
+		if (isset($smileys) && is_array($smileys))
 		{
 			return $smileys;
 		}
@@ -268,7 +262,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_get_smiley_array'))
  *
  * DEPRECATED as of version 1.7.2, use smiley_js instead
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	form name
  * @param	string	field name
  * @return	string
@@ -288,6 +281,5 @@ EOF;
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file smiley_helper.php */
 /* Location: ./system/helpers/smiley_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/string_helper.php b/system/helpers/string_helper.php
index 04d51c2f9..aed35c157 100644
--- a/system/helpers/string_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/string_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter String Helpers
  *
@@ -50,7 +48,6 @@
  *
  * this/that/theother
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -69,7 +66,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('trim_slashes'))
  *
  * Removes slashes contained in a string or in an array
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	mixed	string or array
  * @return	mixed	string or array
  */
@@ -100,7 +96,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('strip_slashes'))
  *
  * Removes single and double quotes from a string
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -119,7 +114,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('strip_quotes'))
  *
  * Converts single and double quotes to entities
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -145,7 +139,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('quotes_to_entities'))
  *
  * http://www.some-site.com/index.php
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -153,7 +146,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('reduce_double_slashes'))
 {
 	function reduce_double_slashes($str)
 	{
-		return preg_replace("#(^|[^:])//+#", "\\1/", $str);
+		return preg_replace('#(^|[^:])//+#', '\\1/', $str);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -170,7 +163,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('reduce_double_slashes'))
  *
  * Fred, Bill, Joe, Jimmy
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	string	the character you wish to reduce
  * @param	bool	TRUE/FALSE - whether to trim the character from the beginning/end
@@ -184,7 +176,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('reduce_multiples'))
 
 		if ($trim === TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = trim($str, $character);
+			return trim($str, $character);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -198,9 +190,8 @@ if ( ! function_exists('reduce_multiples'))
  *
  * Useful for generating passwords or hashes.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	type of random string.  basic, alpha, alunum, numeric, nozero, unique, md5, encrypt and sha1
- * @param	integer	number of characters
+ * @param	int	number of characters
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('random_string'))
@@ -227,9 +218,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('random_string'))
 						case 'nozero'	:	$pool = '123456789';
 							break;
 					}
-					
+
 					$str = substr(str_shuffle(str_repeat($pool, ceil($len/strlen($pool)))),0,$len);
-					
+
 					return $str;
 				break;
 			case 'unique'	:
@@ -254,16 +245,19 @@ if ( ! function_exists('random_string'))
 /**
  * Add's _1 to a string or increment the ending number to allow _2, _3, etc
  *
- * @param   string  $str  required
- * @param   string  $separator  What should the duplicate number be appended with
- * @param   string  $first  Which number should be used for the first dupe increment
- * @return  string
+ * @param	string	required
+ * @param	string	What should the duplicate number be appended with
+ * @param	string	Which number should be used for the first dupe increment
+ * @return	string
  */
-function increment_string($str, $separator = '_', $first = 1)
+if ( ! function_exists('increment_string'))
 {
-	preg_match('/(.+)'.$separator.'([0-9]+)$/', $str, $match);
+	function increment_string($str, $separator = '_', $first = 1)
+	{
+		preg_match('/(.+)'.$separator.'([0-9]+)$/', $str, $match);
 
-	return isset($match[2]) ? $match[1].$separator.($match[2] + 1) : $str.$separator.$first;
+		return isset($match[2]) ? $match[1].$separator.($match[2] + 1) : $str.$separator.$first;
+	}
 }
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -271,9 +265,8 @@ function increment_string($str, $separator = '_', $first = 1)
 /**
  * Alternator
  *
- * Allows strings to be alternated.  See docs...
+ * Allows strings to be alternated. See docs...
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string (as many parameters as needed)
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -298,19 +291,17 @@ if ( ! function_exists('alternator'))
 /**
  * Repeater function
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
- * @param	integer	number of repeats
+ * @param	int	number of repeats
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('repeater'))
 {
 	function repeater($data, $num = 1)
 	{
-		return (($num > 0) ? str_repeat($data, $num) : '');
+		return ($num > 0) ? str_repeat($data, $num) : '';
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file string_helper.php */
 /* Location: ./system/helpers/string_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/text_helper.php b/system/helpers/text_helper.php
index 842a31d75..cc501c334 100644
--- a/system/helpers/text_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/text_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Text Helpers
  *
@@ -44,9 +42,8 @@
  *
  * Limits a string to X number of words.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
- * @param	integer
+ * @param	int
  * @param	string	the end character. Usually an ellipsis
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -78,9 +75,8 @@ if ( ! function_exists('word_limiter'))
  * Limits the string based on the character count.  Preserves complete words
  * so the character count may not be exactly as specified.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
- * @param	integer
+ * @param	int
  * @param	string	the end character. Usually an ellipsis
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -121,7 +117,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('character_limiter'))
  *
  * Converts High ascii text and MS Word special characters to character entities
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -182,7 +177,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('ascii_to_entities'))
  *
  * Converts character entities back to ASCII
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool
  * @return	string
@@ -240,7 +234,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('entities_to_ascii'))
  * matched words will be converted to #### or to the replacement
  * word you've submitted.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the text string
  * @param	string	the array of censoered words
  * @param	string	the optional replacement value
@@ -286,7 +279,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('word_censor'))
  *
  * Colorizes code strings
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the text string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -300,9 +292,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('highlight_code'))
 
 		// Replace any existing PHP tags to temporary markers so they don't accidentally
 		// break the string out of PHP, and thus, thwart the highlighting.
-
 		$str = str_replace(array('<?', '?>', '<%', '%>', '\\', '</script>'),
-							array('phptagopen', 'phptagclose', 'asptagopen', 'asptagclose', 'backslashtmp', 'scriptclose'), $str);
+					array('phptagopen', 'phptagclose', 'asptagopen', 'asptagclose', 'backslashtmp', 'scriptclose'),
+					$str);
 
 		// The highlight_string function requires that the text be surrounded
 		// by PHP tags, which we will remove later
@@ -311,25 +303,15 @@ if ( ! function_exists('highlight_code'))
 		// All the magic happens here, baby!
 		$str = highlight_string($str, TRUE);
 
-		// Prior to PHP 5, the highligh function used icky <font> tags
-		// so we'll replace them with <span> tags.
-
-		if (abs(PHP_VERSION) < 5)
-		{
-			$str = str_replace(array('<font ', '</font>'), array('<span ', '</span>'), $str);
-			$str = preg_replace('#color="(.*?)"#', 'style="color: \\1"', $str);
-		}
-
 		// Remove our artificially added PHP, and the syntax highlighting that came with it
 		$str = preg_replace('/<span style="color: #([A-Z0-9]+)">&lt;\?php(&nbsp;| )/i', '<span style="color: #$1">', $str);
 		$str = preg_replace('/(<span style="color: #[A-Z0-9]+">.*?)\?&gt;<\/span>\n<\/span>\n<\/code>/is', "$1</span>\n</span>\n</code>", $str);
 		$str = preg_replace('/<span style="color: #[A-Z0-9]+"\><\/span>/i', '', $str);
 
 		// Replace our markers back to PHP tags.
-		$str = str_replace(array('phptagopen', 'phptagclose', 'asptagopen', 'asptagclose', 'backslashtmp', 'scriptclose'),
-							array('&lt;?', '?&gt;', '&lt;%', '%&gt;', '\\', '&lt;/script&gt;'), $str);
-
-		return $str;
+		return str_replace(array('phptagopen', 'phptagclose', 'asptagopen', 'asptagclose', 'backslashtmp', 'scriptclose'),
+					array('&lt;?', '?&gt;', '&lt;%', '%&gt;', '\\', '&lt;/script&gt;'),
+					$str);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -340,7 +322,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('highlight_code'))
  *
  * Highlights a phrase within a text string
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the text string
  * @param	string	the phrase you'd like to highlight
  * @param	string	the openging tag to precede the phrase with
@@ -370,7 +351,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('highlight_phrase'))
 /**
  * Convert Accented Foreign Characters to ASCII
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the text string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -378,7 +358,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('convert_accented_characters'))
 {
 	function convert_accented_characters($str)
 	{
-		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/foreign_chars.php'))
+		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/foreign_chars.php'))
 		{
 			include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/foreign_chars.php');
 		}
@@ -405,9 +385,8 @@ if ( ! function_exists('convert_accented_characters'))
  * Anything placed between {unwrap}{/unwrap} will not be word wrapped, nor
  * will URLs.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the text string
- * @param	integer	the number of characters to wrap at
+ * @param	int	the number of characters to wrap at
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('word_wrap'))
@@ -507,11 +486,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('word_wrap'))
  *
  * This function will strip tags from a string, split it at its max_length and ellipsize
  *
- * @param	string		string to ellipsize
- * @param	integer		max length of string
- * @param	mixed		int (1|0) or float, .5, .2, etc for position to split
- * @param	string		ellipsis ; Default '...'
- * @return	string		ellipsized string
+ * @param	string	string to ellipsize
+ * @param	int	max length of string
+ * @param	mixed	int (1|0) or float, .5, .2, etc for position to split
+ * @param	string	ellipsis ; Default '...'
+ * @return	string	ellipsized string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('ellipsize'))
 {
diff --git a/system/helpers/typography_helper.php b/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
index c49348e6a..7a3db5d6b 100644
--- a/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Typography Helpers
  *
@@ -42,7 +40,6 @@
 /**
  * Convert newlines to HTML line breaks except within PRE tags
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -61,8 +58,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('nl2br_except_pre'))
 /**
  * Auto Typography Wrapper Function
  *
- *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool	whether to allow javascript event handlers
  * @param	bool	whether to reduce multiple instances of double newlines to two
@@ -86,7 +81,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('auto_typography'))
  *
  * This function is a replacement for html_entity_decode()
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
@@ -101,4 +95,4 @@ if ( ! function_exists('entity_decode'))
 }
 
 /* End of file typography_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/typography_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/typography_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/url_helper.php b/system/helpers/url_helper.php
index 2cbcd9dbf..5576c2748 100644
--- a/system/helpers/url_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/url_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter URL Helpers
  *
@@ -45,7 +43,6 @@
  * Create a local URL based on your basepath. Segments can be passed via the
  * first parameter either as a string or an array.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -67,8 +64,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('site_url'))
  * Segments can be passed in as a string or an array, same as site_url
  * or a URL to a file can be passed in, e.g. to an image file.
  *
- * @access	public
- * @param string
+ * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('base_url'))
@@ -88,7 +84,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('base_url'))
  * Returns the full URL (including segments) of the page where this
  * function is placed
  *
- * @access	public
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('current_url'))
@@ -106,7 +101,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('current_url'))
  *
  * Returns the URI segments.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('uri_string'))
@@ -125,7 +119,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('uri_string'))
  *
  * Returns the "index_page" from your config file
  *
- * @access	public
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('index_page'))
@@ -144,7 +137,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('index_page'))
  *
  * Creates an anchor based on the local URL.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the URL
  * @param	string	the link title
  * @param	mixed	any attributes
@@ -158,7 +150,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('anchor'))
 
 		if ( ! is_array($uri))
 		{
-			$site_url = ( ! preg_match('!^\w+://! i', $uri)) ? site_url($uri) : $uri;
+			$site_url = preg_match('!^\w+://! i', $uri) ? $uri : site_url($uri);
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -187,7 +179,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('anchor'))
  * Creates an anchor based on the local URL. The link
  * opens a new window based on the attributes specified.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the URL
  * @param	string	the link title
  * @param	mixed	any attributes
@@ -198,7 +189,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('anchor_popup'))
 	function anchor_popup($uri = '', $title = '', $attributes = FALSE)
 	{
 		$title = (string) $title;
-		$site_url = ( ! preg_match('!^\w+://! i', $uri)) ? site_url($uri) : $uri;
+		$site_url = preg_match('!^\w+://! i', $uri) ? $uri : site_url($uri);
 
 		if ($title == '')
 		{
@@ -207,7 +198,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('anchor_popup'))
 
 		if ($attributes === FALSE)
 		{
-			return "<a href='javascript:void(0);' onclick=\"window.open('".$site_url."', '_blank');\">".$title."</a>";
+			return "<a href='javascript:void(0);' onclick=\"window.open('".$site_url."', '_blank');\">".$title.'</a>';
 		}
 
 		if ( ! is_array($attributes))
@@ -217,7 +208,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('anchor_popup'))
 
 		foreach (array('width' => '800', 'height' => '600', 'scrollbars' => 'yes', 'status' => 'yes', 'resizable' => 'yes', 'screenx' => '0', 'screeny' => '0', ) as $key => $val)
 		{
-			$atts[$key] = ( ! isset($attributes[$key])) ? $val : $attributes[$key];
+			$atts[$key] = isset($attributes[$key]) ? $attributes[$key] : $val;
 			unset($attributes[$key]);
 		}
 
@@ -226,7 +217,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('anchor_popup'))
 			$attributes = _parse_attributes($attributes);
 		}
 
-		return "<a href='javascript:void(0);' onclick=\"window.open('".$site_url."', '_blank', '"._parse_attributes($atts, TRUE)."');\"$attributes>".$title."</a>";
+		return "<a href='javascript:void(0);' onclick=\"window.open('".$site_url."', '_blank', '"._parse_attributes($atts, TRUE)."');\"".$attributes.'>'.$title.'</a>';
 	}
 }
 
@@ -235,7 +226,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('anchor_popup'))
 /**
  * Mailto Link
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the email address
  * @param	string	the link title
  * @param	mixed	any attributes
@@ -263,7 +253,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('mailto'))
  *
  * Create a spam-protected mailto link written in Javascript
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the email address
  * @param	string	the link title
  * @param	mixed	any attributes
@@ -373,10 +362,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('safe_mailto'))
  *
  * Automatically links URL and Email addresses.
  * Note: There's a bit of extra code here to deal with
- * URLs or emails that end in a period.  We'll strip these
+ * URLs or emails that end in a period. We'll strip these
  * off and add them after the link.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the string
  * @param	string	the type: email, url, or both
  * @param	bool	whether to create pop-up links
@@ -440,7 +428,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('auto_link'))
  *
  * Simply adds the http:// part if no scheme is included
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the URL
  * @return	string
  */
@@ -470,39 +457,35 @@ if ( ! function_exists('prep_url'))
  * Create URL Title
  *
  * Takes a "title" string as input and creates a
- * human-friendly URL string with either a dash
- * or an underscore as the word separator.
+ * human-friendly URL string with a "separator" string
+ * as the word separator.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the string
- * @param	string	the separator: dash, or underscore
+ * @param	string	the separator
+ * @param	bool
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('url_title'))
 {
-	function url_title($str, $separator = 'dash', $lowercase = FALSE)
+	function url_title($str, $separator = '-', $lowercase = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ($separator === 'dash')
 		{
-			$search		= '_';
-			$replace	= '-';
+			$separator = '-';
 		}
-		else
+		elseif ($separator === 'underscore')
 		{
-			$search		= '-';
-			$replace	= '_';
+			$separator = '_';
 		}
 
+		$q_separator = preg_quote($separator);
+
 		$trans = array(
-						'&\#\d+?;'				=> '',
-						'&\S+?;'				=> '',
-						'\s+'					=> $replace,
-						'[^a-z0-9\-\._]'		=> '',
-						$replace.'+'			=> $replace,
-						$replace.'$'			=> $replace,
-						'^'.$replace			=> $replace,
-						'\.+$'					=> ''
-					);
+				'&.+?;'			=> '',
+				'[^a-z0-9 _-]'		=> '',
+				'\s+'			=> $separator,
+				'('.$q_separator.')+'	=> $separator
+			);
 
 		$str = strip_tags($str);
 		foreach ($trans as $key => $val)
@@ -515,7 +498,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('url_title'))
 			$str = strtolower($str);
 		}
 
-		return trim(trim(stripslashes($str)), $replace);
+		return trim(trim($str, $separator));
 	}
 }
 
@@ -528,7 +511,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('url_title'))
  * For very fine grained control over headers, you could use the Output
  * Library's set_header() function.
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string	the URL
  * @param	string	the method: location or refresh
  * @return	string
@@ -568,7 +550,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('redirect'))
  *
  * Some of the functions use this
  *
- * @access	private
  * @param	array
  * @param	bool
  * @return	string
@@ -587,15 +568,15 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_parse_attributes'))
 		{
 			if ($javascript == TRUE)
 			{
-				$att .= $key . '=' . $val . ',';
+				$att .= $key.'='.$val.',';
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$att .= ' ' . $key . '="' . $val . '"';
+				$att .= ' '.$key.'="'.$val.'"';
 			}
 		}
 
-		if ($javascript == TRUE AND $att != '')
+		if ($javascript == TRUE && $att != '')
 		{
 			return substr($att, 0, -1);
 		}
@@ -605,4 +586,4 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_parse_attributes'))
 }
 
 /* End of file url_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/url_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/url_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/xml_helper.php b/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
index 5242193ac..67fd34b97 100644
--- a/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter XML Helpers
  *
@@ -42,8 +40,8 @@
 /**
  * Convert Reserved XML characters to Entities
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
+ * @param	bool
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('xml_convert'))
@@ -54,11 +52,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('xml_convert'))
 
 		// Replace entities to temporary markers so that
 		// ampersands won't get messed up
-		$str = preg_replace("/&#(\d+);/", "$temp\\1;", $str);
+		$str = preg_replace('/&#(\d+);/', $temp.'\\1;', $str);
 
 		if ($protect_all == TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = preg_replace('/&(\w+);/', "$temp\\1;", $str);
+			$str = preg_replace('/&(\w+);/', $temp.'\\1;', $str);
 		}
 
 		$str = str_replace(array('&', '<', '>', '"', "'", '-'),
@@ -66,11 +64,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('xml_convert'))
 					$str);
 
 		// Decode the temp markers back to entities
-		$str = preg_replace('/$temp(\d+);/', '&#\\1;', $str);
+		$str = preg_replace('/'.$temp.'(\d+);/', '&#\\1;', $str);
 
 		if ($protect_all == TRUE)
 		{
-			return preg_replace("/$temp(\w+);/", '&\\1;', $str);
+			return preg_replace('/'.$temp.'(\w+);/', '&\\1;', $str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -78,4 +76,4 @@ if ( ! function_exists('xml_convert'))
 }
 
 /* End of file xml_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/xml_helper.php */
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/xml_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file