Merge branch 'develop' into feature/db_toString_support

21 files changed, 400 insertions, 450 deletions

diff --git a/system/helpers/array_helper.php b/system/helpers/array_helper.php
index 6b8695c11..e5e32c48d 100644
--- a/system/helpers/array_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/array_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  * 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
diff --git a/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php b/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
index 0fed81996..578796573 100644
--- a/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
@@ -94,16 +94,15 @@ if ( ! function_exists('create_captcha'))
 		// Remove old images
 		// -----------------------------------
 
-		list($usec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
-		$now = ((float)$usec + (float)$sec);
+		$now = microtime(TRUE);
 
 		$current_dir = @opendir($img_path);
 
 		while ($filename = @readdir($current_dir))
 		{
-			if ($filename != "." and $filename != ".." and $filename != "index.html")
+			if ($filename != '.' && $filename != '..' && $filename != 'index.html')
 			{
-				$name = str_replace(".jpg", "", $filename);
+				$name = str_replace('.jpg', '', $filename);
 
 				if (($name + $expiration) < $now)
 				{
@@ -198,7 +197,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('create_captcha'))
 		//  Write the text
 		// -----------------------------------
 
-		$use_font = ($font_path != '' AND file_exists($font_path) AND function_exists('imagettftext')) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		$use_font = ($font_path != '' && file_exists($font_path) && function_exists('imagettftext')) ? TRUE : FALSE;
 
 		if ($use_font == FALSE)
 		{
diff --git a/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php b/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
index a4c1e4966..b46f80540 100644
--- a/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  * 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
diff --git a/system/helpers/date_helper.php b/system/helpers/date_helper.php
index 8c92fdc89..2a34cf93e 100644
--- a/system/helpers/date_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/date_helper.php
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
@@ -96,14 +96,14 @@ if ( ! function_exists('mdate'))
 	{
 		if ($datestr == '')
 		{
-			return '';			
+			return '';
 		}
 
 		$time = ($time == '') ? now() : $time;
 
 		$datestr = str_replace(
-			'%\\', 
-			'', 
+			'%\\',
+			'',
 			preg_replace("/([a-z]+?){1}/i", "\\\\\\1", $datestr)
 		);
 
@@ -181,15 +181,15 @@ if ( ! function_exists('timespan'))
 		$seconds = ($time <= $seconds) ? 1 : $time - $seconds;
 
 		$str = '';
-		$years = floor($seconds / 31536000);
+		$years = floor($seconds / 31557600);
 
 		if ($years > 0)
 		{
 			$str .= $years.' '.$CI->lang->line((($years	> 1) ? 'date_years' : 'date_year')).', ';
 		}
 
-		$seconds -= $years * 31536000;
-		$months = floor($seconds / 2628000);
+		$seconds -= $years * 31557600;
+		$months = floor($seconds / 2629743);
 
 		if ($years > 0 OR $months > 0)
 		{
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('timespan'))
 				$str .= $months.' '.$CI->lang->line((($months	> 1) ? 'date_months' : 'date_month')).', ';
 			}
 
-			$seconds -= $months * 2628000;
+			$seconds -= $months * 2629743;
 		}
 
 		$weeks = floor($seconds / 604800);
@@ -315,13 +315,13 @@ if ( ! function_exists('local_to_gmt'))
 		{
 			$time = time();
 		}
-		
+
 		return mktime(
-			gmdate("H", $time), 
-			gmdate("i", $time), 
-			gmdate("s", $time), 
-			gmdate("m", $time), 
-			gmdate("d", $time), 
+			gmdate("H", $time),
+			gmdate("i", $time),
+			gmdate("s", $time),
+			gmdate("m", $time),
+			gmdate("d", $time),
 			gmdate("Y", $time)
 		);
 	}
@@ -494,17 +494,17 @@ if ( ! function_exists('human_to_unix'))
 
 			if (substr($ampm, 0, 1) == 'p' AND $hour < 12)
 			{
-				$hour = $hour + 12;				
+				$hour = $hour + 12;
 			}
 
 			if (substr($ampm, 0, 1) == 'a' AND $hour == 12)
 			{
 				$hour =  '00';
 			}
-			
+
 			if (strlen($hour) == 1)
 			{
-				$hour = '0'.$hour;				
+				$hour = '0'.$hour;
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('human_to_unix'))
 /**
  * Turns many "reasonably-date-like" strings into something
  * that is actually useful. This only works for dates after unix epoch.
- * 
+ *
  * @access  public
  * @param   string  The terribly formatted date-like string
  * @param   string  Date format to return (same as php date function)
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('human_to_unix'))
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('nice_date'))
 {
-	function nice_date($bad_date = '', $format = FALSE) 
+	function nice_date($bad_date = '', $format = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (empty($bad_date))
 		{
@@ -533,47 +533,47 @@ if ( ! function_exists('nice_date'))
 		}
 
 		// Date like: YYYYMM
-		if (preg_match('/^\d{6}$/', $bad_date)) 
+		if (preg_match('/^\d{6}$/', $bad_date))
 		{
-			if (in_array(substr($bad_date, 0, 2),array('19', '20'))) 
+			if (in_array(substr($bad_date, 0, 2),array('19', '20')))
 			{
 				$year  = substr($bad_date, 0, 4);
 				$month = substr($bad_date, 4, 2);
-			} 
-			else 
+			}
+			else
 			{
 				$month  = substr($bad_date, 0, 2);
 				$year   = substr($bad_date, 2, 4);
 			}
-			
+
 			return date($format, strtotime($year . '-' . $month . '-01'));
 		}
-		
+
 		// Date Like: YYYYMMDD
-		if (preg_match('/^\d{8}$/',$bad_date)) 
+		if (preg_match('/^\d{8}$/',$bad_date))
 		{
 			$month = substr($bad_date, 0, 2);
 			$day   = substr($bad_date, 2, 2);
 			$year  = substr($bad_date, 4, 4);
-			
+
 			return date($format, strtotime($month . '/01/' . $year));
 		}
-		
+
 		// Date Like: MM-DD-YYYY __or__ M-D-YYYY (or anything in between)
 		if (preg_match('/^\d{1,2}-\d{1,2}-\d{4}$/',$bad_date))
-		{ 
+		{
 			list($m, $d, $y) = explode('-', $bad_date);
 			return date($format, strtotime("{$y}-{$m}-{$d}"));
 		}
-		
+
 		// Any other kind of string, when converted into UNIX time,
 		// produces "0 seconds after epoc..." is probably bad...
 		// return "Invalid Date".
 		if (date('U', strtotime($bad_date)) == '0')
-		{ 
+		{
 			return "Invalid Date";
 		}
-		
+
 		// It's probably a valid-ish date format already
 		return date($format, strtotime($bad_date));
 	}
@@ -688,9 +688,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('timezones'))
 		{
 			return $zones;
 		}
-		
+
 		$tz = ($tz == 'GMT') ? 'UTC' : $tz;
-		
+
 		return ( ! isset($zones[$tz])) ? 0 : $zones[$tz];
 	}
 }
diff --git a/system/helpers/directory_helper.php b/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
index cb37446f8..1d67e056d 100644
--- a/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  * 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
diff --git a/system/helpers/download_helper.php b/system/helpers/download_helper.php
index 5f5d1aaf7..96ff29dec 100644
--- a/system/helpers/download_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/download_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -18,15 +18,13 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Download Helpers
  *
@@ -47,73 +45,84 @@
  * @access	public
  * @param	string	filename
  * @param	mixed	the data to be downloaded
+ * @param	bool	wether to try and send the actual file MIME type
  * @return	void
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('force_download'))
 {
-	function force_download($filename = '', $data = '')
+	function force_download($filename = '', $data = '', $set_mime = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ($filename == '' OR $data == '')
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		// Try to determine if the filename includes a file extension.
-		// We need it in order to set the MIME type
-		if (FALSE === strpos($filename, '.'))
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
+		// Set the default MIME type to send
+		$mime = 'application/octet-stream';
 
-		// Grab the file extension
 		$x = explode('.', $filename);
 		$extension = end($x);
 
-		// Load the mime types
-		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php'))
-		{
-			include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php');
-		}
-		elseif (is_file(APPPATH.'config/mimes.php'))
+		if ($set_mime === TRUE)
 		{
-			include(APPPATH.'config/mimes.php');
-		}
+			if (count($x) === 1 OR $extension === '')
+			{
+				/* If we're going to detect the MIME type,
+				 * we'll need a file extension.
+				 */
+				return FALSE;
+			}
 
-		// Set a default mime if we can't find it
-		if ( ! isset($mimes[$extension]))
-		{
-			$mime = 'application/octet-stream';
+			// Load the mime types
+			if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php'))
+			{
+				include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php');
+			}
+			elseif (is_file(APPPATH.'config/mimes.php'))
+			{
+				include(APPPATH.'config/mimes.php');
+			}
+
+			// Only change the default MIME if we can find one
+			if (isset($mimes[$extension]))
+			{
+				$mime = is_array($mimes[$extension]) ? $mimes[$extension][0] : $mimes[$extension];
+			}
 		}
-		else
+
+		/* It was reported that browsers on Android 2.1 (and possibly older as well)
+		 * need to have the filename extension upper-cased in order to be able to
+		 * download it.
+		 *
+		 * Reference: http://digiblog.de/2011/04/19/android-and-the-download-file-headers/
+		 */
+		if (count($x) !== 1 && isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) && preg_match('/Android\s(1|2\.[01])/', $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']))
 		{
-			$mime = (is_array($mimes[$extension])) ? $mimes[$extension][0] : $mimes[$extension];
+			$x[count($x) - 1] = strtoupper($extension);
+			$filename = implode('.', $x);
 		}
 
 		// Generate the server headers
-		if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], "MSIE") !== FALSE)
+		header('Content-Type: '.$mime);
+		header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.$filename.'"');
+		header('Expires: 0');
+		header('Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary');
+		header('Content-Length: '.strlen($data));
+
+		// Internet Explorer-specific headers
+		if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) && strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'MSIE') !== FALSE)
 		{
-			header('Content-Type: "'.$mime.'"');
-			header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.$filename.'"');
-			header('Expires: 0');
 			header('Cache-Control: must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0');
-			header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary");
 			header('Pragma: public');
-			header("Content-Length: ".strlen($data));
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			header('Content-Type: "'.$mime.'"');
-			header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.$filename.'"');
-			header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary");
-			header('Expires: 0');
 			header('Pragma: no-cache');
-			header("Content-Length: ".strlen($data));
 		}
 
 		exit($data);
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file download_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/download_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/download_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/email_helper.php b/system/helpers/email_helper.php
index 22099e58a..b87bce674 100644
--- a/system/helpers/email_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/email_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('valid_email'))
 {
 	function valid_email($address)
 	{
-		return ( ! preg_match("/^([a-z0-9\+_\-]+)(\.[a-z0-9\+_\-]+)*@([a-z0-9\-]+\.)+[a-z]{2,6}$/ix", $address)) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+		return (bool) preg_match('/^([a-z0-9\+_\-]+)(\.[a-z0-9\+_\-]+)*@([a-z0-9\-]+\.)+[a-z]{2,6}$/ix', $address);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -69,6 +69,5 @@ if ( ! function_exists('send_email'))
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file email_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/email_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/email_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/file_helper.php b/system/helpers/file_helper.php
index 5b5085381..3fd6b82e1 100644
--- a/system/helpers/file_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/file_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
@@ -142,15 +142,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('delete_files'))
 
 		while (FALSE !== ($filename = @readdir($current_dir)))
 		{
-			if ($filename != "." and $filename != "..")
+			if ($filename !== '.' and $filename !== '..')
 			{
-				if (is_dir($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename))
+				if (is_dir($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename) && $filename[0] !== '.')
 				{
-					// Ignore empty folders
-					if (substr($filename, 0, 1) != '.')
-					{
-						delete_files($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename, $del_dir, $level + 1);
-					}
+					delete_files($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename, $del_dir, $level + 1);
 				}
 				else
 				{
@@ -200,21 +196,21 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_filenames'))
 
 			while (FALSE !== ($file = readdir($fp)))
 			{
-				if (@is_dir($source_dir.$file) && strncmp($file, '.', 1) !== 0)
+				if (@is_dir($source_dir.$file) && $file[0] !== '.')
 				{
 					get_filenames($source_dir.$file.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $include_path, TRUE);
 				}
-				elseif (strncmp($file, '.', 1) !== 0)
+				elseif ($file[0] !== '.')
 				{
 					$_filedata[] = ($include_path == TRUE) ? $source_dir.$file : $file;
 				}
 			}
+			closedir($fp);
+
 			return $_filedata;
 		}
-		else
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
+
+		return FALSE;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -253,23 +249,22 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_dir_file_info'))
 			// foreach (scandir($source_dir, 1) as $file) // In addition to being PHP5+, scandir() is simply not as fast
 			while (FALSE !== ($file = readdir($fp)))
 			{
-				if (@is_dir($source_dir.$file) AND strncmp($file, '.', 1) !== 0 AND $top_level_only === FALSE)
+				if (@is_dir($source_dir.$file) && $file[0] !== '.' && $top_level_only === FALSE)
 				{
 					get_dir_file_info($source_dir.$file.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $top_level_only, TRUE);
 				}
-				elseif (strncmp($file, '.', 1) !== 0)
+				elseif ($file[0] !== '.')
 				{
 					$_filedata[$file] = get_file_info($source_dir.$file);
 					$_filedata[$file]['relative_path'] = $relative_path;
 				}
 			}
+			closedir($fp);
 
 			return $_filedata;
 		}
-		else
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
+
+		return FALSE;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -364,7 +359,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_mime_by_extension'))
 
 		if ( ! is_array($mimes))
 		{
-			if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php'))
+			if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php'))
 			{
 				include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php');
 			}
@@ -391,10 +386,8 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_mime_by_extension'))
 				return $mimes[$extension];
 			}
 		}
-		else
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
+
+		return FALSE;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -414,31 +407,31 @@ if ( ! function_exists('symbolic_permissions'))
 {
 	function symbolic_permissions($perms)
 	{
-		if (($perms & 0xC000) == 0xC000)
+		if (($perms & 0xC000) === 0xC000)
 		{
 			$symbolic = 's'; // Socket
 		}
-		elseif (($perms & 0xA000) == 0xA000)
+		elseif (($perms & 0xA000) === 0xA000)
 		{
 			$symbolic = 'l'; // Symbolic Link
 		}
-		elseif (($perms & 0x8000) == 0x8000)
+		elseif (($perms & 0x8000) === 0x8000)
 		{
 			$symbolic = '-'; // Regular
 		}
-		elseif (($perms & 0x6000) == 0x6000)
+		elseif (($perms & 0x6000) === 0x6000)
 		{
 			$symbolic = 'b'; // Block special
 		}
-		elseif (($perms & 0x4000) == 0x4000)
+		elseif (($perms & 0x4000) === 0x4000)
 		{
 			$symbolic = 'd'; // Directory
 		}
-		elseif (($perms & 0x2000) == 0x2000)
+		elseif (($perms & 0x2000) === 0x2000)
 		{
 			$symbolic = 'c'; // Character special
 		}
-		elseif (($perms & 0x1000) == 0x1000)
+		elseif (($perms & 0x1000) === 0x1000)
 		{
 			$symbolic = 'p'; // FIFO pipe
 		}
@@ -448,19 +441,19 @@ if ( ! function_exists('symbolic_permissions'))
 		}
 
 		// Owner
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0100) ? 'r' : '-');
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0080) ? 'w' : '-');
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0040) ? (($perms & 0x0800) ? 's' : 'x' ) : (($perms & 0x0800) ? 'S' : '-'));
+		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0100) ? 'r' : '-')
+			. (($perms & 0x0080) ? 'w' : '-')
+			. (($perms & 0x0040) ? (($perms & 0x0800) ? 's' : 'x' ) : (($perms & 0x0800) ? 'S' : '-'));
 
 		// Group
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0020) ? 'r' : '-');
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0010) ? 'w' : '-');
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0008) ? (($perms & 0x0400) ? 's' : 'x' ) : (($perms & 0x0400) ? 'S' : '-'));
+		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0020) ? 'r' : '-')
+			. (($perms & 0x0010) ? 'w' : '-')
+			. (($perms & 0x0008) ? (($perms & 0x0400) ? 's' : 'x' ) : (($perms & 0x0400) ? 'S' : '-'));
 
 		// World
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0004) ? 'r' : '-');
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0002) ? 'w' : '-');
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0001) ? (($perms & 0x0200) ? 't' : 'x' ) : (($perms & 0x0200) ? 'T' : '-'));
+		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0004) ? 'r' : '-')
+			. (($perms & 0x0002) ? 'w' : '-')
+			. (($perms & 0x0001) ? (($perms & 0x0200) ? 't' : 'x' ) : (($perms & 0x0200) ? 'T' : '-'));
 
 		return $symbolic;
 	}
@@ -486,6 +479,5 @@ if ( ! function_exists('octal_permissions'))
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file file_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/file_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/file_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/form_helper.php b/system/helpers/form_helper.php
index 0f02bcf75..37337d975 100644
--- a/system/helpers/form_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/form_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -18,11 +18,10 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
- * @filesource
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -70,14 +69,10 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_open'))
 		// If no action is provided then set to the current url
 		$action OR $action = $CI->config->site_url($CI->uri->uri_string());
 
-		$form = '<form action="'.$action.'"';
-
-		$form .= _attributes_to_string($attributes, TRUE);
-
-		$form .= '>';
+		$form = '<form action="'.$action.'"'._attributes_to_string($attributes, TRUE).">\n";
 
 		// Add CSRF field if enabled, but leave it out for GET requests and requests to external websites	
-		if ($CI->config->item('csrf_protection') === TRUE AND ! (strpos($action, $CI->config->site_url()) === FALSE OR strpos($form, 'method="get"')))	
+		if ($CI->config->item('csrf_protection') === TRUE AND ! (strpos($action, $CI->config->base_url()) === FALSE OR strpos($form, 'method="get"')))	
 		{
 			$hidden[$CI->security->get_csrf_token_name()] = $CI->security->get_csrf_hash();
 		}
@@ -156,7 +151,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_hidden'))
 
 		if ( ! is_array($value))
 		{
-			$form .= '<input type="hidden" name="'.$name.'" value="'.form_prep($value, $name).'" />'."\n";
+			$form .= '<input type="hidden" name="'.$name.'" value="'.form_prep($value, $name)."\" />\n";
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -188,7 +183,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_input'))
 	{
 		$defaults = array('type' => 'text', 'name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
 
-		return "<input "._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />";
+		return '<input '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -274,7 +269,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_textarea'))
 		}
 
 		$name = (is_array($data)) ? $data['name'] : $data;
-		return "<textarea "._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra.">".form_prep($val, $name)."</textarea>";
+		return '<textarea '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra.'>'.form_prep($val, $name)."</textarea>\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -319,19 +314,37 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_dropdown'))
 {
 	function form_dropdown($name = '', $options = array(), $selected = array(), $extra = '')
 	{
+    // If name is really an array then we'll call the function again using the array
+    if (is_array($name) && isset($name['name']))
+    {
+      
+      if ( ! isset($name['options'])) 
+      {
+        $name['options'] = array();
+      }
+      
+      if ( ! isset($name['selected'])) 
+      {
+        $name['selected'] = array();
+      }
+      
+      if ( ! isset($name['extra'])) 
+      {
+        $name['extra'] = '';
+      }
+      
+      return form_dropdown($name['name'], $name['options'], $name['selected'], $name['extra']);
+    }
+    
 		if ( ! is_array($selected))
 		{
 			$selected = array($selected);
 		}
 
 		// If no selected state was submitted we will attempt to set it automatically
-		if (count($selected) === 0)
+		if (count($selected) === 0 && isset($_POST[$name]))
 		{
-			// If the form name appears in the $_POST array we have a winner!
-			if (isset($_POST[$name]))
-			{
-				$selected = array($_POST[$name]);
-			}
+			$selected = array($_POST[$name]);
 		}
 
 		if ($extra != '') $extra = ' '.$extra;
@@ -346,12 +359,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_dropdown'))
 
 			if (is_array($val) && ! empty($val))
 			{
-				$form .= '<optgroup label="'.$key.'">'."\n";
+				$form .= '<optgroup label="'.$key."\">\n";
 
 				foreach ($val as $optgroup_key => $optgroup_val)
 				{
 					$sel = (in_array($optgroup_key, $selected)) ? ' selected="selected"' : '';
-
 					$form .= '<option value="'.$optgroup_key.'"'.$sel.'>'.(string) $optgroup_val."</option>\n";
 				}
 
@@ -359,13 +371,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_dropdown'))
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$sel = (in_array($key, $selected)) ? ' selected="selected"' : '';
-
-				$form .= '<option value="'.$key.'"'.$sel.'>'.(string) $val."</option>\n";
+				$form .= '<option value="'.$key.'"'.(in_array($key, $selected) ? ' selected="selected"' : '').'>'.(string) $val."</option>\n";
 			}
 		}
 
-		$form .= '</select>';
+		$form .= "</select>\n";
 
 		return $form;
 	}
@@ -412,7 +422,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_checkbox'))
 			unset($defaults['checked']);
 		}
 
-		return "<input "._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />";
+		return '<input '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -458,8 +468,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_submit'))
 	function form_submit($data = '', $value = '', $extra = '')
 	{
 		$defaults = array('type' => 'submit', 'name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
-
-		return "<input "._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />";
+		return '<input '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -479,8 +488,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_reset'))
 	function form_reset($data = '', $value = '', $extra = '')
 	{
 		$defaults = array('type' => 'reset', 'name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
-
-		return "<input "._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />";
+		return '<input '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -500,14 +508,13 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_button'))
 	function form_button($data = '', $content = '', $extra = '')
 	{
 		$defaults = array('name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'type' => 'button');
-
 		if ( is_array($data) AND isset($data['content']))
 		{
 			$content = $data['content'];
 			unset($data['content']); // content is not an attribute
 		}
 
-		return "<button "._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra.">".$content."</button>";
+		return '<button '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra.'>'.$content."</button>\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -542,9 +549,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_label'))
 			}
 		}
 
-		$label .= ">$label_text</label>";
-
-		return $label;
+		return $label .= ">$label_text</label>";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -564,12 +569,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_fieldset'))
 {
 	function form_fieldset($legend_text = '', $attributes = array())
 	{
-		$fieldset = "<fieldset";
-
-		$fieldset .= _attributes_to_string($attributes, FALSE);
-
-		$fieldset .= ">\n";
-
+		$fieldset = '<fieldset'._attributes_to_string($attributes, FALSE).">\n";
 		if ($legend_text != '')
 		{
 			$fieldset .= "<legend>$legend_text</legend>\n";
@@ -654,15 +654,13 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_prep'))
 		{
 			return $str;
 		}
-		
-		$str = html_escape($str);
 
 		if ($field_name != '')
 		{
 			$prepped_fields[$field_name] = $field_name;
 		}
 
-		return $str;
+		return html_escape($str);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -992,7 +990,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_attributes_to_string'))
 				$attributes .= ' accept-charset="'.strtolower(config_item('charset')).'"';
 			}
 
-		return ' '.$attributes;
+			return ' '.$attributes;
 		}
 
 		if (is_object($attributes) AND count($attributes) > 0)
@@ -1000,7 +998,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_attributes_to_string'))
 			$attributes = (array)$attributes;
 		}
 
-		if (is_array($attributes) AND count($attributes) > 0)
+		if (is_array($attributes) AND ($formtag === TRUE OR count($attributes) > 0))
 		{
 			$atts = '';
 
@@ -1043,21 +1041,20 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_get_validation_object'))
 
 		// We set this as a variable since we're returning by reference.
 		$return = FALSE;
-		
+
 		if (FALSE !== ($object = $CI->load->is_loaded('form_validation')))
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($CI->$object) OR ! is_object($CI->$object))
 			{
 				return $return;
 			}
-			
+
 			return $CI->$object;
 		}
-		
+
 		return $return;
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file form_helper.php */
 /* Location: ./system/helpers/form_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/html_helper.php b/system/helpers/html_helper.php
index b6bb402a8..b8c4f36f6 100644
--- a/system/helpers/html_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/html_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('heading'))
 {
 	function heading($data = '', $h = '1', $attributes = '')
 	{
-		$attributes = ($attributes != '') ? ' '.$attributes : $attributes;
-		return "<h".$h.$attributes.">".$data."</h".$h.">";
+		return '<h'.$h.($attributes != '' ? ' ' : '').$attributes.'>'.$data.'</h'.$h.'>';
 	}
 }
 
@@ -124,7 +123,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_list'))
 		}
 
 		// Set the indentation based on the depth
-		$out = str_repeat(" ", $depth);
+		$out = str_repeat(' ', $depth);
 
 		// Were any attributes submitted?  If so generate a string
 		if (is_array($attributes))
@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_list'))
 		}
 
 		// Write the opening list tag
-		$out .= "<".$type.$attributes.">\n";
+		$out .= '<'.$type.$attributes.">\n";
 
 		// Cycle through the list elements.  If an array is
 		// encountered we will recursively call _list()
@@ -152,8 +151,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_list'))
 		{
 			$_last_list_item = $key;
 
-			$out .= str_repeat(" ", $depth + 2);
-			$out .= "<li>";
+			$out .= str_repeat(' ', $depth + 2).'<li>';
 
 			if ( ! is_array($val))
 			{
@@ -161,21 +159,14 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_list'))
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$out .= $_last_list_item."\n";
-				$out .= _list($type, $val, '', $depth + 4);
-				$out .= str_repeat(" ", $depth + 2);
+				$out .= $_last_list_item."\n"._list($type, $val, '', $depth + 4).str_repeat(' ', $depth + 2);
 			}
 
 			$out .= "</li>\n";
 		}
 
-		// Set the indentation for the closing tag
-		$out .= str_repeat(" ", $depth);
-
-		// Write the closing list tag
-		$out .= "</".$type.">\n";
-
-		return $out;
+		// Set the indentation for the closing tag and apply it
+		return $out.str_repeat(' ', $depth).'</'.$type.">\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -192,7 +183,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('br'))
 {
 	function br($num = 1)
 	{
-		return str_repeat("<br />", $num);
+		return str_repeat('<br />', $num);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -224,10 +215,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('img'))
 
 		$img = '<img';
 
-		foreach ($src as $k=>$v)
+		foreach ($src as $k => $v)
 		{
-
-			if ($k == 'src' AND strpos($v, '://') === FALSE)
+			if ($k === 'src' AND strpos($v, '://') === FALSE)
 			{
 				$CI =& get_instance();
 
@@ -246,9 +236,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('img'))
 			}
 		}
 
-		$img .= '/>';
-
-		return $img;
+		return $img.'/>';
 	}
 }
 
@@ -290,14 +278,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('doctype'))
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (isset($_doctypes[$type]))
-		{
-			return $_doctypes[$type];
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
+		return (isset($_doctypes[$type])) ? $_doctypes[$type] : FALSE;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -322,14 +303,13 @@ if ( ! function_exists('link_tag'))
 	function link_tag($href = '', $rel = 'stylesheet', $type = 'text/css', $title = '', $media = '', $index_page = FALSE)
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
-
 		$link = '<link ';
 
 		if (is_array($href))
 		{
-			foreach ($href as $k=>$v)
+			foreach ($href as $k => $v)
 			{
-				if ($k == 'href' AND strpos($v, '://') === FALSE)
+				if ($k === 'href' AND strpos($v, '://') === FALSE)
 				{
 					if ($index_page === TRUE)
 					{
@@ -346,11 +326,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('link_tag'))
 				}
 			}
 
-			$link .= "/>";
+			$link .= '/>';
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			if ( strpos($href, '://') !== FALSE)
+			if (strpos($href, '://') !== FALSE)
 			{
 				$link .= 'href="'.$href.'" ';
 			}
@@ -365,21 +345,20 @@ if ( ! function_exists('link_tag'))
 
 			$link .= 'rel="'.$rel.'" type="'.$type.'" ';
 
-			if ($media	!= '')
+			if ($media != '')
 			{
 				$link .= 'media="'.$media.'" ';
 			}
 
-			if ($title	!= '')
+			if ($title != '')
 			{
 				$link .= 'title="'.$title.'" ';
 			}
 
 			$link .= '/>';
 		}
-		$link .= "\n";
 
-		return $link;
+		return $link."\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -439,10 +418,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('nbs'))
 {
 	function nbs($num = 1)
 	{
-		return str_repeat("&nbsp;", $num);
+		return str_repeat('&nbsp;', $num);
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file html_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/html_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/html_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php b/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
index 3393bda8f..9cf015d2b 100644
--- a/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  *
@@ -18,15 +18,13 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Inflector Helpers
  *
@@ -34,10 +32,9 @@
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/directory_helper.html
+ * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/inflector_helper.html
  */
 
-
 // --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
@@ -45,7 +42,6 @@
  *
  * Takes a plural word and makes it singular
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	str
  */
@@ -55,6 +51,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('singular'))
 	{
 		$result = strval($str);
 
+		if ( ! is_countable($result))
+		{
+			return $result;
+		}
+
 		$singular_rules = array(
 			'/(matr)ices$/'         => '\1ix',
 			'/(vert|ind)ices$/'     => '\1ex',
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('singular'))
 			'/(s)tatuses$/'         => '\1\2tatus',
 			'/(c)hildren$/'         => '\1\2hild',
 			'/(n)ews$/'             => '\1\2ews',
-			'/([^u])s$/'            => '\1',
+			'/([^us])s$/'           => '\1',
 		);
 
 		foreach ($singular_rules as $rule => $replacement)
@@ -105,7 +106,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('singular'))
  *
  * Takes a singular word and makes it plural
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @param	bool
  * @return	str
@@ -116,6 +116,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('plural'))
 	{
 		$result = strval($str);
 
+		if ( ! is_countable($result))
+		{
+			return $result;
+		}
+
 		$plural_rules = array(
 			'/^(ox)$/'                 => '\1\2en',     // ox
 			'/([m|l])ouse$/'           => '\1ice',      // mouse, louse
@@ -131,7 +136,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('plural'))
 			'/(c)hild$/'               => '\1hildren',  // child
 			'/(buffal|tomat)o$/'       => '\1\2oes',    // buffalo, tomato
 			'/(bu|campu)s$/'           => '\1\2ses',    // bus, campus
-			'/(alias|status|virus)/'   => '\1es',       // alias
+			'/(alias|status|virus)$/'  => '\1es',       // alias
 			'/(octop)us$/'             => '\1i',        // octopus
 			'/(ax|cris|test)is$/'      => '\1es',       // axis, crisis
 			'/s$/'                     => 's',          // no change (compatibility)
@@ -158,7 +163,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('plural'))
  *
  * Takes multiple words separated by spaces or underscores and camelizes them
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	str
  */
@@ -166,9 +170,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('camelize'))
 {
 	function camelize($str)
 	{
-		$str = 'x'.strtolower(trim($str));
-		$str = ucwords(preg_replace('/[\s_]+/', ' ', $str));
-		return substr(str_replace(' ', '', $str), 1);
+		return str_replace(' ', '', ucwords(preg_replace('/[\s_]+/', ' ', strtolower($str))));
 	}
 }
 
@@ -179,7 +181,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('camelize'))
  *
  * Takes multiple words separated by spaces and underscores them
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string
  * @return	str
  */
@@ -198,7 +199,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('underscore'))
  *
  * Takes multiple words separated by the separator and changes them to spaces
  *
- * @access	public
  * @param	string $str
  * @param 	string $separator
  * @return	str
@@ -211,5 +211,22 @@ if ( ! function_exists('humanize'))
 	}
 }
 
+/**
+ * Checks if the given word has a plural version.
+ *
+ * @param   string  the word to check
+ * @return  bool    if the word is countable
+ */
+if ( ! function_exists('is_countable'))
+{
+	function is_countable($word)
+	{
+		return ! (in_array(strtolower(strval($word)), array(
+			'equipment', 'information', 'rice', 'money',
+			'species', 'series', 'fish', 'meta'
+		)));
+	}
+}
+
 /* End of file inflector_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/inflector_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/inflector_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/language_helper.php b/system/helpers/language_helper.php
index b5217c903..1d66df59f 100644
--- a/system/helpers/language_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/language_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
@@ -65,6 +65,5 @@ if ( ! function_exists('lang'))
 	}
 }
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 /* End of file language_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/language_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/language_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/number_helper.php b/system/helpers/number_helper.php
index 71cdabb60..b6c823d8b 100644
--- a/system/helpers/number_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/number_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
@@ -83,6 +83,5 @@ if ( ! function_exists('byte_format'))
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file number_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/number_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/number_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/path_helper.php b/system/helpers/path_helper.php
index bca9dcb25..2eb85fefa 100644
--- a/system/helpers/path_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/path_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
@@ -60,25 +60,21 @@ if ( ! function_exists('set_realpath'))
 		// Resolve the path
 		if (function_exists('realpath') AND @realpath($path) !== FALSE)
 		{
-			$path = realpath($path).'/';
+			$path = realpath($path);
 		}
 
 		// Add a trailing slash
-		$path = preg_replace("#([^/])/*$#", "\\1/", $path);
+		$path = rtrim($path, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
 
 		// Make sure the path exists
-		if ($check_existance == TRUE)
+		if ($check_existance == TRUE && ! is_dir($path))
 		{
-			if ( ! is_dir($path))
-			{
-				show_error('Not a valid path: '.$path);
-			}
+			show_error('Not a valid path: '.$path);
 		}
 
 		return $path;
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file path_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/path_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/path_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/security_helper.php b/system/helpers/security_helper.php
index ad4e29a87..e05e947a5 100644
--- a/system/helpers/security_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/security_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
@@ -87,14 +87,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('do_hash'))
 {
 	function do_hash($str, $type = 'sha1')
 	{
-		if ($type == 'sha1')
-		{
-			return sha1($str);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return md5($str);
-		}
+		return ($type === 'sha1') ? sha1($str) : md5($str);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -111,10 +104,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('strip_image_tags'))
 {
 	function strip_image_tags($str)
 	{
-		$str = preg_replace("#<img\s+.*?src\s*=\s*[\"'](.+?)[\"'].*?\>#", "\\1", $str);
-		$str = preg_replace("#<img\s+.*?src\s*=\s*(.+?).*?\>#", "\\1", $str);
-
-		return $str;
+		return preg_replace(array("#<img\s+.*?src\s*=\s*[\"'](.+?)[\"'].*?\>#", "#<img\s+.*?src\s*=\s*(.+?).*?\>#"), "\\1", $str);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -135,6 +125,5 @@ if ( ! function_exists('encode_php_tags'))
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file security_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/security_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/security_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php b/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php
index 991495ee8..cc903bc1c 100644
--- a/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  * 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_get_smiley_array'))
 	{
 		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND file_exists(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/smileys.php'))
 		{
-		    include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/smileys.php');
+			include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/smileys.php');
 		}
 		elseif (file_exists(APPPATH.'config/smileys.php'))
 		{
diff --git a/system/helpers/string_helper.php b/system/helpers/string_helper.php
index 6691681e0..607a12bcb 100644
--- a/system/helpers/string_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/string_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  * 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
diff --git a/system/helpers/text_helper.php b/system/helpers/text_helper.php
index 38b46e248..7591bac5f 100644
--- a/system/helpers/text_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/text_helper.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
  * 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
@@ -300,9 +300,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('highlight_code'))
 
 		// Replace any existing PHP tags to temporary markers so they don't accidentally
 		// break the string out of PHP, and thus, thwart the highlighting.
-
 		$str = str_replace(array('<?', '?>', '<%', '%>', '\\', '</script>'),
-							array('phptagopen', 'phptagclose', 'asptagopen', 'asptagclose', 'backslashtmp', 'scriptclose'), $str);
+					array('phptagopen', 'phptagclose', 'asptagopen', 'asptagclose', 'backslashtmp', 'scriptclose'),
+					$str);
 
 		// The highlight_string function requires that the text be surrounded
 		// by PHP tags, which we will remove later
@@ -311,25 +311,15 @@ if ( ! function_exists('highlight_code'))
 		// All the magic happens here, baby!
 		$str = highlight_string($str, TRUE);
 
-		// Prior to PHP 5, the highligh function used icky <font> tags
-		// so we'll replace them with <span> tags.
-
-		if (abs(PHP_VERSION) < 5)
-		{
-			$str = str_replace(array('<font ', '</font>'), array('<span ', '</span>'), $str);
-			$str = preg_replace('#color="(.*?)"#', 'style="color: \\1"', $str);
-		}
-
 		// Remove our artificially added PHP, and the syntax highlighting that came with it
 		$str = preg_replace('/<span style="color: #([A-Z0-9]+)">&lt;\?php(&nbsp;| )/i', '<span style="color: #$1">', $str);
 		$str = preg_replace('/(<span style="color: #[A-Z0-9]+">.*?)\?&gt;<\/span>\n<\/span>\n<\/code>/is', "$1</span>\n</span>\n</code>", $str);
 		$str = preg_replace('/<span style="color: #[A-Z0-9]+"\><\/span>/i', '', $str);
 
 		// Replace our markers back to PHP tags.
-		$str = str_replace(array('phptagopen', 'phptagclose', 'asptagopen', 'asptagclose', 'backslashtmp', 'scriptclose'),
-							array('&lt;?', '?&gt;', '&lt;%', '%&gt;', '\\', '&lt;/script&gt;'), $str);
-
-		return $str;
+		return str_replace(array('phptagopen', 'phptagclose', 'asptagopen', 'asptagclose', 'backslashtmp', 'scriptclose'),
+					array('&lt;?', '?&gt;', '&lt;%', '%&gt;', '\\', '&lt;/script&gt;'),
+					$str);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -544,4 +534,4 @@ if ( ! function_exists('ellipsize'))
 }
 
 /* End of file text_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/text_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/text_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/typography_helper.php b/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
index b1cedcd9d..9b19c7c2d 100644
--- a/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('auto_typography'))
  *
  * @access	public
  * @param	string
- * @param   string
+ * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('entity_decode'))
@@ -101,4 +101,4 @@ if ( ! function_exists('entity_decode'))
 }
 
 /* End of file typography_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/typography_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/typography_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/url_helper.php b/system/helpers/url_helper.php
index 5d9afe457..2ae1fd37b 100755..100644
--- a/system/helpers/url_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/url_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('site_url'))
 
 /**
  * Base URL
- * 
+ *
  * Create a local URL based on your basepath.
  * Segments can be passed in as a string or an array, same as site_url
  * or a URL to a file can be passed in, e.g. to an image file.
@@ -198,7 +198,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('anchor_popup'))
 	function anchor_popup($uri = '', $title = '', $attributes = FALSE)
 	{
 		$title = (string) $title;
-
 		$site_url = ( ! preg_match('!^\w+://! i', $uri)) ? site_url($uri) : $uri;
 
 		if ($title == '')
@@ -248,14 +247,12 @@ if ( ! function_exists('mailto'))
 	{
 		$title = (string) $title;
 
-		if ($title == "")
+		if ($title == '')
 		{
 			$title = $email;
 		}
 
-		$attributes = _parse_attributes($attributes);
-
-		return '<a href="mailto:'.$email.'"'.$attributes.'>'.$title.'</a>';
+		return '<a href="mailto:'.$email.'"'._parse_attributes($attributes).'>'.$title.'</a>';
 	}
 }
 
@@ -278,19 +275,16 @@ if ( ! function_exists('safe_mailto'))
 	{
 		$title = (string) $title;
 
-		if ($title == "")
+		if ($title == '')
 		{
 			$title = $email;
 		}
 
-		for ($i = 0; $i < 16; $i++)
-		{
-			$x[] = substr('<a href="mailto:', $i, 1);
-		}
+		$x = str_split('<a href="mailto:', 1);
 
-		for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($email); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $l = strlen($email); $i < $l; $i++)
 		{
-			$x[] = "|".ord(substr($email, $i, 1));
+			$x[] = '|'.ord($email[$i]);
 		}
 
 		$x[] = '"';
@@ -302,18 +296,18 @@ if ( ! function_exists('safe_mailto'))
 				foreach ($attributes as $key => $val)
 				{
 					$x[] =  ' '.$key.'="';
-					for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($val); $i++)
+					for ($i = 0, $l = strlen($val); $i < $l; $i++)
 					{
-						$x[] = "|".ord(substr($val, $i, 1));
+						$x[] = '|'.ord($val[$i]);
 					}
 					$x[] = '"';
 				}
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($attributes); $i++)
+				for ($i = 0, $l = strlen($attributes); $i < $l; $i++)
 				{
-					$x[] = substr($attributes, $i, 1);
+					$x[] = $attributes[$i];
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -321,26 +315,28 @@ if ( ! function_exists('safe_mailto'))
 		$x[] = '>';
 
 		$temp = array();
-		for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($title); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $l = strlen($title); $i < $l; $i++)
 		{
 			$ordinal = ord($title[$i]);
 
 			if ($ordinal < 128)
 			{
-				$x[] = "|".$ordinal;
+				$x[] = '|'.$ordinal;
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				if (count($temp) == 0)
+				if (count($temp) === 0)
 				{
 					$count = ($ordinal < 224) ? 2 : 3;
 				}
 
 				$temp[] = $ordinal;
-				if (count($temp) == $count)
+				if (count($temp) === $count)
 				{
-					$number = ($count == 3) ? (($temp['0'] % 16) * 4096) + (($temp['1'] % 64) * 64) + ($temp['2'] % 64) : (($temp['0'] % 32) * 64) + ($temp['1'] % 64);
-					$x[] = "|".$number;
+					$number = ($count === 3)
+							? (($temp[0] % 16) * 4096) + (($temp[1] % 64) * 64) + ($temp[2] % 64)
+							: (($temp[0] % 32) * 64) + ($temp[1] % 64);
+					$x[] = '|'.$number;
 					$count = 1;
 					$temp = array();
 				}
@@ -356,8 +352,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('safe_mailto'))
 	//<![CDATA[
 	var l=new Array();
 	<?php
-	$i = 0;
-	foreach ($x as $val){ ?>l[<?php echo $i++; ?>]='<?php echo $val; ?>';<?php } ?>
+	for ($i = 0, $c = count($x); $i < $c; $i++) { ?>l[<?php echo $i; ?>]='<?php echo $x[$i]; ?>';<?php } ?>
 
 	for (var i = l.length-1; i >= 0; i=i-1){
 	if (l[i].substring(0, 1) == '|') document.write("&#"+unescape(l[i].substring(1))+";");
@@ -391,49 +386,46 @@ if ( ! function_exists('auto_link'))
 {
 	function auto_link($str, $type = 'both', $popup = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ($type != 'email')
+		if ($type !== 'email' && preg_match_all('#(^|\s|\(|\b)((http(s?)://)|(www\.))(\w+[^\s\)\<]+)#i', $str, $matches))
 		{
-			if (preg_match_all("#(^|\s|\(|\b)((http(s?)://)|(www\.))(\w+[^\s\)\<]+)#i", $str, $matches))
-			{
-				$pop = ($popup == TRUE) ? " target=\"_blank\" " : "";
+			$pop = ($popup) ? ' target="_blank" ' : '';
 
-				for ($i = 0; $i < count($matches['0']); $i++)
+			for ($i = 0, $c = count($matches[0]); $i < $c; $i++)
+			{
+				if (preg_match('|\.$|', $matches[6][$i]))
+				{
+					$period = '.';
+					$matches[6][$i] = substr($matches[6][$i], 0, -1);
+				}
+				else
 				{
 					$period = '';
-					if (preg_match("|\.$|", $matches['6'][$i]))
-					{
-						$period = '.';
-						$matches['6'][$i] = substr($matches['6'][$i], 0, -1);
-					}
-
-					$str = str_replace($matches['0'][$i],
-										$matches['1'][$i].'<a href="http'.
-										$matches['4'][$i].'://'.
-										$matches['5'][$i].
-										$matches['6'][$i].'"'.$pop.'>http'.
-										$matches['4'][$i].'://'.
-										$matches['5'][$i].
-										$matches['6'][$i].'</a>'.
-										$period, $str);
 				}
+
+				$str = str_replace($matches[0][$i],
+							$matches[1][$i].'<a href="http'.$matches[4][$i].'://'
+								.$matches[5][$i].$matches[6][$i].'"'.$pop.'>http'
+								.$matches[4][$i].'://'.$matches[5][$i]
+								.$matches[6][$i].'</a>'.$period,
+							$str);
 			}
 		}
 
-		if ($type != 'url')
+		if ($type !== 'url' && preg_match_all('/([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\-\+]+)@([a-zA-Z0-9\-]+)\.([a-zA-Z0-9\-\.]*)/i', $str, $matches))
 		{
-			if (preg_match_all("/([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\-\+]+)@([a-zA-Z0-9\-]+)\.([a-zA-Z0-9\-\.]*)/i", $str, $matches))
+			for ($i = 0, $c = count($matches); $i < $c; $i++)
 			{
-				for ($i = 0; $i < count($matches['0']); $i++)
+				if (preg_match('|\.$|', $matches[3][$i]))
+				{
+					$period = '.';
+					$matches[3][$i] = substr($matches[3][$i], 0, -1);
+				}
+				else
 				{
 					$period = '';
-					if (preg_match("|\.$|", $matches['3'][$i]))
-					{
-						$period = '.';
-						$matches['3'][$i] = substr($matches['3'][$i], 0, -1);
-					}
-
-					$str = str_replace($matches['0'][$i], safe_mailto($matches['1'][$i].'@'.$matches['2'][$i].'.'.$matches['3'][$i]).$period, $str);
 				}
+
+				$str = str_replace($matches[0][$i], safe_mailto($matches[1][$i].'@'.$matches[2][$i].'.'.$matches[3][$i]).$period, $str);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -456,7 +448,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('prep_url'))
 {
 	function prep_url($str = '')
 	{
-		if ($str == 'http://' OR $str == '')
+		if ($str === 'http://' OR $str == '')
 		{
 			return '';
 		}
@@ -465,7 +457,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('prep_url'))
 
 		if ( ! $url OR ! isset($url['scheme']))
 		{
-			$str = 'http://'.$str;
+			return 'http://'.$str;
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -478,45 +470,40 @@ if ( ! function_exists('prep_url'))
  * Create URL Title
  *
  * Takes a "title" string as input and creates a
- * human-friendly URL string with either a dash
- * or an underscore as the word separator.
+ * human-friendly URL string with a "separator" string 
+ * as the word separator.
  *
  * @access	public
  * @param	string	the string
- * @param	string	the separator: dash, or underscore
+ * @param	string	the separator
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('url_title'))
 {
-	function url_title($str, $separator = 'dash', $lowercase = FALSE)
+	function url_title($str, $separator = '-', $lowercase = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ($separator == 'dash')
+		if ($separator === 'dash')
 		{
-			$search		= '_';
-			$replace	= '-';
+		    $separator = '-';
 		}
-		else
+		else if ($separator == 'underscore')
 		{
-			$search		= '-';
-			$replace	= '_';
+		    $separator = '_';
 		}
+		
+		$q_separator = preg_quote($separator);
 
 		$trans = array(
-						'&\#\d+?;'				=> '',
-						'&\S+?;'				=> '',
-						'\s+'					=> $replace,
-						'[^a-z0-9\-\._]'		=> '',
-						$replace.'+'			=> $replace,
-						$replace.'$'			=> $replace,
-						'^'.$replace			=> $replace,
-						'\.+$'					=> ''
-					);
+			'&.+?;'                 => '',
+			'[^a-z0-9 _-]'          => '',
+			'\s+'                   => $separator,
+			'('.$q_separator.')+'   => $separator
+		);
 
 		$str = strip_tags($str);
-
 		foreach ($trans as $key => $val)
 		{
-			$str = preg_replace("#".$key."#i", $val, $str);
+			$str = preg_replace('#'.$key.'#i', $val, $str);
 		}
 
 		if ($lowercase === TRUE)
@@ -524,7 +511,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('url_title'))
 			$str = strtolower($str);
 		}
 
-		return trim(trim(stripslashes($str)), $replace);
+		return trim(trim($str, $separator));
 	}
 }
 
@@ -552,16 +539,18 @@ if ( ! function_exists('redirect'))
 		}
 
 		// IIS environment likely? Use 'refresh' for better compatibility
-		if (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR != '/' && $method == 'auto')
+		if (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR !== '/' && $method === 'auto')
 		{
 			$method = 'refresh';
 		}
 
 		switch($method)
 		{
-			case 'refresh'	: header("Refresh:0;url=".$uri);
+			case 'refresh':
+				header('Refresh:0;url='.$uri);
 				break;
-			default			: header("Location: ".$uri, TRUE, $http_response_code);
+			default:
+				header('Location: '.$uri, TRUE, $http_response_code);
 				break;
 		}
 		exit;
@@ -604,13 +593,12 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_parse_attributes'))
 
 		if ($javascript == TRUE AND $att != '')
 		{
-			$att = substr($att, 0, -1);
+			return substr($att, 0, -1);
 		}
 
 		return $att;
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file url_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/url_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/url_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/xml_helper.php b/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
index 0cf8f13dc..f3ff5764c 100644
--- a/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.2.4 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
@@ -56,28 +56,26 @@ if ( ! function_exists('xml_convert'))
 		// ampersands won't get messed up
 		$str = preg_replace("/&#(\d+);/", "$temp\\1;", $str);
 
-		if ($protect_all === TRUE)
+		if ($protect_all == TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = preg_replace("/&(\w+);/",  "$temp\\1;", $str);
+			$str = preg_replace('/&(\w+);/', "$temp\\1;", $str);
 		}
 
-		$str = str_replace(array("&","<",">","\"", "'", "-"),
-							array("&amp;", "&lt;", "&gt;", "&quot;", "&apos;", "&#45;"),
-							$str);
+		$str = str_replace(array('&', '<', '>', '"', "'", '-'),
+					array('&amp;', '&lt;', '&gt;', '&quot;', '&apos;', '&#45;'),
+					$str);
 
 		// Decode the temp markers back to entities
-		$str = preg_replace("/$temp(\d+);/","&#\\1;",$str);
+		$str = preg_replace('/$temp(\d+);/', '&#\\1;', $str);
 
-		if ($protect_all === TRUE)
+		if ($protect_all == TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = preg_replace("/$temp(\w+);/","&\\1;", $str);
+			return preg_replace("/$temp(\w+);/", '&\\1;', $str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
 	}
 }
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /* End of file xml_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/xml_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/xml_helper.php */