Merge upstream branch

13 files changed, 849 insertions, 920 deletions

diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php
index 93993d07a..a3dd46978 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ class CI_Cache_apc extends CI_Driver {
 	 */
 	public function save($id, $data, $ttl = 60)
 	{
+		$ttl = (int) $ttl;
 		return apc_store($id, array($data, time(), $ttl), $ttl);
 	}
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
index 4a81b0422..a960730d7 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class CI_Cache_file extends CI_Driver {
 
 		if (write_file($this->_cache_path.$id, serialize($contents)))
 		{
-			@chmod($this->_cache_path.$id, 0777);
+			@chmod($this->_cache_path.$id, 0660);
 			return TRUE;
 		}
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cart.php b/system/libraries/Cart.php
index ba8d69be2..10b5362a5 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cart.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cart.php
@@ -329,13 +329,6 @@ class CI_Cart {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		// Is the new quantity different than what is already saved in the cart?
-		// If it's the same there's nothing to do
-		if ($this->_cart_contents[$items['rowid']]['qty'] == $items['qty'])
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
 		// Is the quantity zero?  If so we will remove the item from the cart.
 		// If the quantity is greater than zero we are updating
 		if ($items['qty'] == 0)
diff --git a/system/libraries/Email.php b/system/libraries/Email.php
index 922107e9f..8d839d0c9 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Email.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Email.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Email Class
  *
@@ -40,55 +38,55 @@
  */
 class CI_Email {
 
-	public $useragent		= "CodeIgniter";
-	public $mailpath		= "/usr/sbin/sendmail";	// Sendmail path
-	public $protocol		= "mail";	// mail/sendmail/smtp
-	public $smtp_host		= "";		// SMTP Server.  Example: mail.earthlink.net
-	public $smtp_user		= "";		// SMTP Username
-	public $smtp_pass		= "";		// SMTP Password
-	public $smtp_port		= "25";		// SMTP Port
-	public $smtp_timeout	= 5;		// SMTP Timeout in seconds
-	public $smtp_crypto	= "";		// SMTP Encryption. Can be null, tls or ssl.
-	public $wordwrap		= TRUE;		// TRUE/FALSE  Turns word-wrap on/off
-	public $wrapchars		= "76";		// Number of characters to wrap at.
-	public $mailtype		= "text";	// text/html  Defines email formatting
-	public $charset		= "utf-8";	// Default char set: iso-8859-1 or us-ascii
-	public $multipart		= "mixed";	// "mixed" (in the body) or "related" (separate)
-	public $alt_message	= '';		// Alternative message for HTML emails
-	public $validate		= FALSE;	// TRUE/FALSE.  Enables email validation
-	public $priority		= "3";		// Default priority (1 - 5)
-	public $newline		= "\n";		// Default newline. "\r\n" or "\n" (Use "\r\n" to comply with RFC 822)
-	public $crlf			= "\n";		// The RFC 2045 compliant CRLF for quoted-printable is "\r\n".  Apparently some servers,
+	public $useragent	= 'CodeIgniter';
+	public $mailpath	= '/usr/sbin/sendmail';	// Sendmail path
+	public $protocol	= 'mail';		// mail/sendmail/smtp
+	public $smtp_host	= '';			// SMTP Server. Example: mail.earthlink.net
+	public $smtp_user	= '';			// SMTP Username
+	public $smtp_pass	= '';			// SMTP Password
+	public $smtp_port	= 25;			// SMTP Port
+	public $smtp_timeout	= 5;			// SMTP Timeout in seconds
+	public $smtp_crypto	= '';			// SMTP Encryption. Can be null, tls or ssl.
+	public $wordwrap	= TRUE;			// TRUE/FALSE  Turns word-wrap on/off
+	public $wrapchars	= 76;			// Number of characters to wrap at.
+	public $mailtype	= 'text';		// text/html  Defines email formatting
+	public $charset		= 'utf-8';		// Default char set: iso-8859-1 or us-ascii
+	public $multipart	= 'mixed';		// "mixed" (in the body) or "related" (separate)
+	public $alt_message	= '';			// Alternative message for HTML emails
+	public $validate	= FALSE;		// TRUE/FALSE.  Enables email validation
+	public $priority	= 3;			// Default priority (1 - 5)
+	public $newline		= "\n";			// Default newline. "\r\n" or "\n" (Use "\r\n" to comply with RFC 822)
+	public $crlf		= "\n";			// The RFC 2045 compliant CRLF for quoted-printable is "\r\n".  Apparently some servers,
 									// even on the receiving end think they need to muck with CRLFs, so using "\n", while
 									// distasteful, is the only thing that seems to work for all environments.
 	public $send_multipart	= TRUE;		// TRUE/FALSE - Yahoo does not like multipart alternative, so this is an override.  Set to FALSE for Yahoo.
-	public $bcc_batch_mode	= FALSE;	// TRUE/FALSE  Turns on/off Bcc batch feature
+	public $bcc_batch_mode	= FALSE;	// TRUE/FALSE - Turns on/off Bcc batch feature
 	public $bcc_batch_size	= 200;		// If bcc_batch_mode = TRUE, sets max number of Bccs in each batch
-	private $_safe_mode		= FALSE;
-	private $_subject		= "";
-	private $_body			= "";
-	private $_finalbody		= "";
-	private $_alt_boundary	= "";
-	private $_atc_boundary	= "";
-	private $_header_str	= "";
-	private $_smtp_connect	= "";
-	private $_encoding		= "8bit";
-	private $_IP			= FALSE;
-	private $_smtp_auth		= FALSE;
-	private $_replyto_flag	= FALSE;
-	private $_debug_msg		= array();
-	private $_recipients	= array();
-	private $_cc_array		= array();
-	private $_bcc_array		= array();
-	private $_headers		= array();
-	private $_attach_name	= array();
-	private $_attach_type	= array();
-	private $_attach_disp	= array();
-	private $_protocols		= array('mail', 'sendmail', 'smtp');
-	private $_base_charsets	= array('us-ascii', 'iso-2022-');	// 7-bit charsets (excluding language suffix)
-	private $_bit_depths	= array('7bit', '8bit');
-	private $_priorities	= array('1 (Highest)', '2 (High)', '3 (Normal)', '4 (Low)', '5 (Lowest)');
 
+	protected $_safe_mode		= FALSE;
+	protected $_subject		= '';
+	protected $_body		= '';
+	protected $_finalbody		= '';
+	protected $_alt_boundary	= '';
+	protected $_atc_boundary	= '';
+	protected $_header_str		= '';
+	protected $_smtp_connect	= '';
+	protected $_encoding		= '8bit';
+	protected $_IP			= FALSE;
+	protected $_smtp_auth		= FALSE;
+	protected $_replyto_flag	= FALSE;
+	protected $_debug_msg		= array();
+	protected $_recipients		= array();
+	protected $_cc_array		= array();
+	protected $_bcc_array		= array();
+	protected $_headers		= array();
+	protected $_attach_name		= array();
+	protected $_attach_type		= array();
+	protected $_attach_disp		= array();
+	protected $_protocols		= array('mail', 'sendmail', 'smtp');
+	protected $_base_charsets	= array('us-ascii', 'iso-2022-');	// 7-bit charsets (excluding language suffix)
+	protected $_bit_depths		= array('7bit', '8bit');
+	protected $_priorities		= array('1 (Highest)', '2 (High)', '3 (Normal)', '4 (Low)', '5 (Lowest)');
 
 	/**
 	 * Constructor - Sets Email Preferences
@@ -103,11 +101,11 @@ class CI_Email {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$this->_smtp_auth = ($this->smtp_user == '' AND $this->smtp_pass == '') ? FALSE : TRUE;
-			$this->_safe_mode = (bool) @ini_get("safe_mode");
+			$this->_smtp_auth = ! ($this->smtp_user == '' && $this->smtp_pass == '');
+			$this->_safe_mode = (bool) @ini_get('safe_mode');
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', "Email Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Email Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -115,7 +113,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Initialize preferences
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
@@ -139,8 +136,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 		}
 		$this->clear();
 
-		$this->_smtp_auth = ($this->smtp_user == '' AND $this->smtp_pass == '') ? FALSE : TRUE;
-		$this->_safe_mode = (bool) @ini_get("safe_mode");
+		$this->_smtp_auth = ! ($this->smtp_user == '' && $this->smtp_pass == '');
+		$this->_safe_mode = (bool) @ini_get('safe_mode');
 
 		return $this;
 	}
@@ -150,17 +147,16 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Initialize the Email Data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	bool
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function clear($clear_attachments = FALSE)
 	{
-		$this->_subject		= "";
-		$this->_body		= "";
-		$this->_finalbody	= "";
-		$this->_header_str	= "";
-		$this->_replyto_flag = FALSE;
+		$this->_subject		= '';
+		$this->_body		= '';
+		$this->_finalbody	= '';
+		$this->_header_str	= '';
+		$this->_replyto_flag	= FALSE;
 		$this->_recipients	= array();
 		$this->_cc_array	= array();
 		$this->_bcc_array	= array();
@@ -185,14 +181,13 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set FROM
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function from($from, $name = '')
 	{
-		if (preg_match( '/\<(.*)\>/', $from, $match))
+		if (preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $from, $match))
 		{
 			$from = $match[1];
 		}
@@ -228,14 +223,13 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Reply-to
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function reply_to($replyto, $name = '')
 	{
-		if (preg_match( '/\<(.*)\>/', $replyto, $match))
+		if (preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $replyto, $match))
 		{
 			$replyto = $match[1];
 		}
@@ -266,9 +260,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Recipients
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function to($to)
 	{
@@ -282,17 +275,17 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		if ($this->_get_protocol() !== 'mail')
 		{
-			$this->_set_header('To', implode(", ", $to));
+			$this->_set_header('To', implode(', ', $to));
 		}
 
 		switch ($this->_get_protocol())
 		{
-			case 'smtp'		:
+			case 'smtp':
 				$this->_recipients = $to;
 			break;
-			case 'sendmail'	:
-			case 'mail'		:
-				$this->_recipients = implode(", ", $to);
+			case 'sendmail':
+			case 'mail':
+				$this->_recipients = implode(', ', $to);
 			break;
 		}
 
@@ -304,9 +297,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set CC
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function cc($cc)
 	{
@@ -318,7 +310,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			$this->validate_email($cc);
 		}
 
-		$this->_set_header('Cc', implode(", ", $cc));
+		$this->_set_header('Cc', implode(', ', $cc));
 
 		if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'smtp')
 		{
@@ -333,10 +325,9 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set BCC
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function bcc($bcc, $limit = '')
 	{
@@ -360,7 +351,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$this->_set_header('Bcc', implode(", ", $bcc));
+			$this->_set_header('Bcc', implode(', ', $bcc));
 		}
 
 		return $this;
@@ -371,9 +362,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Email Subject
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function subject($subject)
 	{
@@ -387,13 +377,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Body
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function message($body)
 	{
-		$this->_body = rtrim(str_replace("\r", "", $body));
+		$this->_body = rtrim(str_replace("\r", '', $body));
 
 		/* strip slashes only if magic quotes is ON
 		   if we do it with magic quotes OFF, it strips real, user-inputted chars.
@@ -414,9 +403,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Assign file attachments
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function attach($filename, $disposition = '', $newname = NULL)
 	{
@@ -431,7 +419,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Add a Header Item
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
@@ -446,7 +433,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Convert a String to an Array
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
@@ -460,8 +446,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$email = trim($email);
-				settype($email, "array");
+				$email = (array) trim($email);
 			}
 		}
 		return $email;
@@ -472,9 +457,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Multipart Value
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_alt_message($str = '')
 	{
@@ -487,9 +471,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Mailtype
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_mailtype($type = 'text')
 	{
@@ -502,9 +485,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Wordwrap
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	bool
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_wordwrap($wordwrap = TRUE)
 	{
@@ -517,13 +499,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Protocol
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_protocol($protocol = 'mail')
 	{
-		$this->protocol = ( ! in_array($protocol, $this->_protocols, TRUE)) ? 'mail' : strtolower($protocol);
+		$this->protocol = in_array($protocol, $this->_protocols, TRUE) ? strtolower($protocol) : 'mail';
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -532,19 +513,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Priority
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	integer
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @param	int
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_priority($n = 3)
 	{
-		if ( ! is_numeric($n) OR $n < 1 OR $n > 5)
-		{
-			$this->priority = 3;
-			return;
-		}
-
-		$this->priority = (int) $n;
+		$this->priority = preg_match('/^[1-5]$/', $n) ? (int) $n : 3;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -553,9 +527,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Newline Character
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_newline($newline = "\n")
 	{
@@ -568,13 +541,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set CRLF
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_crlf($crlf = "\n")
 	{
-		$this->crlf = ($crlf !== "\n" AND $crlf !== "\r\n" AND $crlf !== "\r") ? "\n" : $crlf;
+		$this->crlf = ($crlf !== "\n" && $crlf !== "\r\n" && $crlf !== "\r") ? "\n" : $crlf;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -583,13 +555,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Message Boundary
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	protected function _set_boundaries()
 	{
-		$this->_alt_boundary = "B_ALT_".uniqid(''); // multipart/alternative
-		$this->_atc_boundary = "B_ATC_".uniqid(''); // attachment boundary
+		$this->_alt_boundary = 'B_ALT_'.uniqid(''); // multipart/alternative
+		$this->_atc_boundary = 'B_ATC_'.uniqid(''); // attachment boundary
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -597,14 +568,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Get the Message ID
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _get_message_id()
 	{
 		$from = str_replace(array('>', '<'), '', $this->_headers['Return-Path']);
-
-		return  "<".uniqid('').strstr($from, '@').">";
+		return  '<'.uniqid('').strstr($from, '@').'>';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -612,14 +581,13 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Get Mail Protocol
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	bool
-	 * @return	string
+	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
 	protected function _get_protocol($return = TRUE)
 	{
 		$this->protocol = strtolower($this->protocol);
-		$this->protocol = ( ! in_array($this->protocol, $this->_protocols, TRUE)) ? 'mail' : $this->protocol;
+		in_array($this->protocol, $this->_protocols, TRUE) OR $this->protocol = 'mail';
 
 		if ($return == TRUE)
 		{
@@ -632,13 +600,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Get Mail Encoding
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _get_encoding($return = TRUE)
 	{
-		$this->_encoding = ( ! in_array($this->_encoding, $this->_bit_depths)) ? '8bit' : $this->_encoding;
+		in_array($this->_encoding, $this->_bit_depths) OR $this->_encoding = '8bit';
 
 		foreach ($this->_base_charsets as $charset)
 		{
@@ -659,7 +626,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Get content type (text/html/attachment)
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _get_content_type()
@@ -687,17 +653,16 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set RFC 822 Date
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _set_date()
 	{
-		$timezone = date("Z");
+		$timezone = date('Z');
 		$operator = (strncmp($timezone, '-', 1) === 0) ? '-' : '+';
 		$timezone = abs($timezone);
 		$timezone = floor($timezone/3600) * 100 + ($timezone % 3600) / 60;
 
-		return sprintf("%s %s%04d", date("D, j M Y H:i:s"), $operator, $timezone);
+		return sprintf('%s %s%04d', date('D, j M Y H:i:s'), $operator, $timezone);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -705,12 +670,11 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Mime message
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _get_mime_message()
 	{
-		return "This is a multi-part message in MIME format.".$this->newline."Your email application may not support this format.";
+		return 'This is a multi-part message in MIME format.'.$this->newline.'Your email application may not support this format.';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -718,7 +682,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Validate Email Address
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
@@ -747,13 +710,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Email Validation
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function valid_email($address)
 	{
-		return (bool) preg_match("/^([a-z0-9\+_\-]+)(\.[a-z0-9\+_\-]+)*@([a-z0-9\-]+\.)+[a-z]{2,6}$/ix", $address);
+		return (bool) preg_match('/^([a-z0-9\+_\-]+)(\.[a-z0-9\+_\-]+)*@([a-z0-9\-]+\.)+[a-z]{2,6}$/ix', $address);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -761,7 +723,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Clean Extended Email Address: Joe Smith <joe@smith.com>
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -776,7 +737,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		foreach ($email as $addy)
 		{
-			$clean_email[] = (preg_match( '/\<(.*)\>/', $addy, $match)) ? $match[1] : $addy;
+			$clean_email[] = preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $addy, $match) ? $match[1] : $addy;
 		}
 
 		return $clean_email;
@@ -792,12 +753,11 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 * If the user hasn't specified his own alternative message
 	 * it creates one by stripping the HTML
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _get_alt_message()
 	{
-		if ($this->alt_message != "")
+		if ($this->alt_message != '')
 		{
 			return $this->word_wrap($this->alt_message, '76');
 		}
@@ -818,9 +778,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Word Wrap
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	integer
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function word_wrap($str, $charlim = '')
@@ -911,8 +870,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Build final headers
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
-	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _build_headers()
@@ -929,7 +886,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Write Headers as a string
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	protected function _write_headers()
@@ -964,12 +920,11 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Build Final Body and attachments
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	protected function _build_message()
 	{
-		if ($this->wordwrap === TRUE AND $this->mailtype !== 'html')
+		if ($this->wordwrap === TRUE && $this->mailtype !== 'html')
 		{
 			$this->_body = $this->word_wrap($this->_body);
 		}
@@ -1131,9 +1086,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 * Prepares string for Quoted-Printable Content-Transfer-Encoding
 	 * Refer to RFC 2045 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	integer
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _prep_quoted_printable($str, $charlim = '')
@@ -1203,9 +1157,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		}
 
 		// get rid of extra CRLF tacked onto the end
-		$output = substr($output, 0, strlen($this->crlf) * -1);
-
-		return $output;
+		return substr($output, 0, strlen($this->crlf) * -1);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1216,10 +1168,9 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 * Performs "Q Encoding" on a string for use in email headers.  It's related
 	 * but not identical to quoted-printable, so it has its own method
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	str
-	 * @param	bool	// set to TRUE for processing From: headers
-	 * @return	str
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @param	bool	set to TRUE for processing From: headers
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _prep_q_encoding($str, $from = FALSE)
 	{
@@ -1275,9 +1226,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		// wrap each line with the shebang, charset, and transfer encoding
 		// the preceding space on successive lines is required for header "folding"
-		$str = trim(preg_replace('/^(.*)$/m', ' =?'.$this->charset.'?Q?$1?=', $str));
-
-		return $str;
+		return trim(preg_replace('/^(.*)$/m', ' =?'.$this->charset.'?Q?$1?=', $str));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1285,7 +1234,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Send Email
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function send()
@@ -1295,9 +1243,9 @@ class CI_Email {
 			$this->reply_to($this->_headers['From']);
 		}
 
-		if (( ! isset($this->_recipients) AND ! isset($this->_headers['To']))  AND
-			( ! isset($this->_bcc_array) AND ! isset($this->_headers['Bcc'])) AND
-			( ! isset($this->_headers['Cc'])))
+		if ( ! isset($this->_recipients) && ! isset($this->_headers['To'])
+			&& ! isset($this->_bcc_array) && ! isset($this->_headers['Bcc'])
+			&& ! isset($this->_headers['Cc']))
 		{
 			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_no_recipients');
 			return FALSE;
@@ -1305,44 +1253,40 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		$this->_build_headers();
 
-		if ($this->bcc_batch_mode AND count($this->_bcc_array) > $this->bcc_batch_size)
+		if ($this->bcc_batch_mode && count($this->_bcc_array) > $this->bcc_batch_size)
 		{
 			return $this->batch_bcc_send();
 		}
 
 		$this->_build_message();
-
 		return $this->_spool_email();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Batch Bcc Send.  Sends groups of BCCs in batches
+	 * Batch Bcc Send. Sends groups of BCCs in batches
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function batch_bcc_send()
 	{
-		$float = $this->bcc_batch_size -1;
-
-		$set = "";
-
+		$float = $this->bcc_batch_size - 1;
+		$set = '';
 		$chunk = array();
 
 		for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->_bcc_array); $i < $c; $i++)
 		{
 			if (isset($this->_bcc_array[$i]))
 			{
-				$set .= ", ".$this->_bcc_array[$i];
+				$set .= ', '.$this->_bcc_array[$i];
 			}
 
 			if ($i == $float)
 			{
 				$chunk[] = substr($set, 1);
 				$float += $this->bcc_batch_size;
-				$set = "";
+				$set = '';
 			}
 
 			if ($i === $c-1)
@@ -1359,7 +1303,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 			if ($this->protocol !== 'smtp')
 			{
-				$this->_set_header('Bcc', implode(", ", $bcc));
+				$this->_set_header('Bcc', implode(', ', $bcc));
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -1376,7 +1320,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Unwrap special elements
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	protected function _unwrap_specials()
@@ -1389,7 +1332,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Strip line-breaks via callback
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _remove_nl_callback($matches)
@@ -1407,7 +1349,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Spool mail to the mail server
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _spool_email()
@@ -1418,6 +1359,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		if ( ! $this->$method())
 		{
 			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_send_failure_' . ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail' ? 'phpmail' : $this->_get_protocol()));
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_sent', $this->_get_protocol());
@@ -1429,7 +1371,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Send using mail()
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _send_with_mail()
@@ -1451,7 +1392,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Send using Sendmail
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _send_with_sendmail()
@@ -1484,7 +1424,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Send using SMTP
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _send_with_smtp()
@@ -1495,8 +1434,10 @@ class CI_Email {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$this->_smtp_connect();
-		$this->_smtp_authenticate();
+		if ( ! $this->_smtp_connect() OR ! $this->_smtp_authenticate())
+		{
+			return FALSE;
+		}
 
 		$this->_send_command('from', $this->clean_email($this->_headers['From']));
 
@@ -1553,7 +1494,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * SMTP Connect
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -1597,7 +1537,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Send SMTP command
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
@@ -1670,7 +1609,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 *  SMTP Authenticate
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _smtp_authenticate()
@@ -1680,7 +1618,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			return TRUE;
 		}
 
-		if ($this->smtp_user == ""  AND  $this->smtp_pass == "")
+		if ($this->smtp_user == '' && $this->smtp_pass == '')
 		{
 			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_no_smtp_unpw');
 			return FALSE;
@@ -1724,7 +1662,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Send SMTP data
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _send_data($data)
@@ -1743,7 +1680,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Get SMTP data
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _get_smtp_data()
@@ -1768,12 +1704,11 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Get Hostname
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _get_hostname()
 	{
-		return (isset($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])) ? $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] : 'localhost.localdomain';
+		return isset($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']) ? $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] : 'localhost.localdomain';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1781,7 +1716,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Get IP
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _get_ip()
@@ -1791,13 +1725,13 @@ class CI_Email {
 			return $this->_IP;
 		}
 
-		$cip = (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) AND $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] != "") ? $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] : FALSE;
-		$rip = (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) AND $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] != "") ? $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] : FALSE;
+		$cip = ( ! empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] : FALSE;
+		$rip = ( ! empty($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) ? $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] : FALSE;
 		if ($cip) $this->_IP = $cip;
 		elseif ($rip) $this->_IP = $rip;
 		else
 		{
-			$fip = (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']) AND $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] != "") ? $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] : FALSE;
+			$fip = ( ! empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] : FALSE;
 			if ($fip)
 			{
 				$this->_IP = $fip;
@@ -1810,7 +1744,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			$this->_IP = end($x);
 		}
 
-		if ( ! preg_match( "/^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$/", $this->_IP))
+		if ( ! preg_match('/^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$/', $this->_IP))
 		{
 			$this->_IP = '0.0.0.0';
 		}
@@ -1823,7 +1757,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Get Debug Message
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function print_debugger()
@@ -1838,8 +1771,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			}
 		}
 
-		$msg .= "<pre>".$this->_header_str."\n".htmlspecialchars($this->_subject)."\n".htmlspecialchars($this->_finalbody).'</pre>';
-		return $msg;
+		return $msg.'<pre>'.$this->_header_str."\n".htmlspecialchars($this->_subject)."\n".htmlspecialchars($this->_finalbody).'</pre>';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1847,16 +1779,15 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Message
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	protected function _set_error_message($msg, $val = '')
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 		$CI->lang->load('email');
 
-		if (substr($msg, 0, 5) !== 'lang:' || FALSE === ($line = $CI->lang->line(substr($msg, 5))))
+		if (substr($msg, 0, 5) !== 'lang:' OR FALSE === ($line = $CI->lang->line(substr($msg, 5))))
 		{
 			$this->_debug_msg[] = str_replace('%s', $val, $msg)."<br />";
 		}
@@ -1871,13 +1802,13 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Mime Types
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	protected function _mime_types($ext = "")
+	protected function _mime_types($ext = '')
 	{
-		$mimes = array(	'hqx'	=>	'application/mac-binhex40',
+		$mimes = array(
+						'hqx'	=>	'application/mac-binhex40',
 						'cpt'	=>	'application/mac-compactpro',
 						'doc'	=>	'application/msword',
 						'bin'	=>	'application/macbinary',
@@ -1966,11 +1897,10 @@ class CI_Email {
 						'eml'	=>	'message/rfc822'
 					);
 
-		return ( ! isset($mimes[strtolower($ext)])) ? "application/x-unknown-content-type" : $mimes[strtolower($ext)];
+		return isset($mimes[strtolower($ext)]) ? $mimes[strtolower($ext)] : 'application/x-unknown-content-type';
 	}
 
 }
-// END CI_Email class
 
 /* End of file Email.php */
 /* Location: ./system/libraries/Email.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Encrypt.php b/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
index e297576e6..0b0618991 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Encryption Class
  *
@@ -46,15 +44,10 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	protected $_mcrypt_cipher;
 	protected $_mcrypt_mode;
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 *
-	 * Simply determines whether the mcrypt library exists.
-	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
 		$this->_mcrypt_exists = ( ! function_exists('mcrypt_encrypt')) ? FALSE : TRUE;
-		log_message('debug', "Encrypt Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Encrypt Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -95,7 +88,7 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 * Set the encryption key
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_key($key = '')
 	{
@@ -122,18 +115,8 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 */
 	public function encode($string, $key = '')
 	{
-		$key = $this->get_key($key);
-
-		if ($this->_mcrypt_exists === TRUE)
-		{
-			$enc = $this->mcrypt_encode($string, $key);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$enc = $this->_xor_encode($string, $key);
-		}
-
-		return base64_encode($enc);
+		$method = ($this->_mcrypt_exists === TRUE) ? 'mcrypt_encode' : '_xor_encode';
+		return base64_encode($this->$method($string, $this->get_key($key)));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -149,28 +132,13 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 */
 	public function decode($string, $key = '')
 	{
-		$key = $this->get_key($key);
-
 		if (preg_match('/[^a-zA-Z0-9\/\+=]/', $string))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$dec = base64_decode($string);
-
-		if ($this->_mcrypt_exists === TRUE)
-		{
-			if (($dec = $this->mcrypt_decode($dec, $key)) === FALSE)
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$dec = $this->_xor_decode($dec, $key);
-		}
-
-		return $dec;
+		$method = ($this->_mcrypt_exists === TRUE) ? 'mcrypt_decode' : '_xor_decode';
+		return $this->$method(base64_decode($string), $this->get_key($key));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -197,6 +165,10 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 			log_message('error', 'Encoding from legacy is available only when Mcrypt is in use.');
 			return FALSE;
 		}
+		elseif (preg_match('/[^a-zA-Z0-9\/\+=]/', $string))
+		{
+			return FALSE;
+		}
 
 		// decode it first
 		// set mode temporarily to what it was when string was encoded with the legacy
@@ -205,14 +177,7 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 		$this->set_mode($legacy_mode);
 
 		$key = $this->get_key($key);
-
-		if (preg_match('/[^a-zA-Z0-9\/\+=]/', $string))
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
 		$dec = base64_decode($string);
-
 		if (($dec = $this->mcrypt_decode($dec, $key)) === FALSE)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
@@ -242,17 +207,18 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	protected function _xor_encode($string, $key)
 	{
 		$rand = '';
-		while (strlen($rand) < 32)
+		do
 		{
 			$rand .= mt_rand(0, mt_getrandmax());
 		}
+		while (strlen($rand) < 32);
 
 		$rand = $this->hash($rand);
 
 		$enc = '';
-		for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($string); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $ls = strlen($string), $lr = strlen($rand); $i < $ls; $i++)
 		{
-			$enc .= substr($rand, ($i % strlen($rand)), 1).(substr($rand, ($i % strlen($rand)), 1) ^ substr($string, $i, 1));
+			$enc .= $rand[($i % $lr)].($rand[($i % $lr)] ^ $string[$i]);
 		}
 
 		return $this->_xor_merge($enc, $key);
@@ -275,9 +241,9 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 		$string = $this->_xor_merge($string, $key);
 
 		$dec = '';
-		for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($string); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $l = strlen($string); $i < $l; $i++)
 		{
-			$dec .= (substr($string, $i++, 1) ^ substr($string, $i, 1));
+			$dec .= ($string[$i++] ^ $string[$i]);
 		}
 
 		return $dec;
@@ -298,9 +264,9 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	{
 		$hash = $this->hash($key);
 		$str = '';
-		for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($string); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $ls = strlen($string), $lh = strlen($hash); $i < $ls; $i++)
 		{
-			$str .= substr($string, $i, 1) ^ substr($hash, ($i % strlen($hash)), 1);
+			$str .= $string[$i] ^ $hash[($i % $lh)];
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -359,18 +325,17 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 */
 	protected function _add_cipher_noise($data, $key)
 	{
-		$keyhash = $this->hash($key);
-		$keylen = strlen($keyhash);
+		$key = $this->hash($key);
 		$str = '';
 
-		for ($i = 0, $j = 0, $len = strlen($data); $i < $len; ++$i, ++$j)
+		for ($i = 0, $j = 0, $ld = strlen($data), $lk = strlen($key); $i < $ld; ++$i, ++$j)
 		{
-			if ($j >= $keylen)
+			if ($j >= $lk)
 			{
 				$j = 0;
 			}
 
-			$str .= chr((ord($data[$i]) + ord($keyhash[$j])) % 256);
+			$str .= chr((ord($data[$i]) + ord($key[$j])) % 256);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -389,22 +354,21 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 */
 	protected function _remove_cipher_noise($data, $key)
 	{
-		$keyhash = $this->hash($key);
-		$keylen = strlen($keyhash);
+		$key = $this->hash($key);
 		$str = '';
 
-		for ($i = 0, $j = 0, $len = strlen($data); $i < $len; ++$i, ++$j)
+		for ($i = 0, $j = 0, $ld = strlen($data), $lk = strlen($key); $i < $ld; ++$i, ++$j)
 		{
-			if ($j >= $keylen)
+			if ($j >= $lk)
 			{
 				$j = 0;
 			}
 
-			$temp = ord($data[$i]) - ord($keyhash[$j]);
+			$temp = ord($data[$i]) - ord($key[$j]);
 
 			if ($temp < 0)
 			{
-				$temp = $temp + 256;
+				$temp += 256;
 			}
 
 			$str .= chr($temp);
@@ -435,7 +399,7 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 * @param	constant
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function set_mode($mode)
+	public function set_mode($mode)
 	{
 		$this->_mcrypt_mode = $mode;
 		return $this;
@@ -452,7 +416,7 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	{
 		if ($this->_mcrypt_cipher == '')
 		{
-			$this->_mcrypt_cipher = MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256;
+			return $this->_mcrypt_cipher = MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256;
 		}
 
 		return $this->_mcrypt_cipher;
@@ -469,7 +433,7 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	{
 		if ($this->_mcrypt_mode == '')
 		{
-			$this->_mcrypt_mode = MCRYPT_MODE_CBC;
+			return $this->_mcrypt_mode = MCRYPT_MODE_CBC;
 		}
 
 		return $this->_mcrypt_mode;
@@ -481,11 +445,11 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 * Set the Hash type
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function set_hash($type = 'sha1')
 	{
-		$this->_hash_type = ($type != 'sha1' AND $type != 'md5') ? 'sha1' : $type;
+		$this->_hash_type = ($type !== 'sha1' && $type !== 'md5') ? 'sha1' : $type;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -498,11 +462,9 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 */
 	public function hash($str)
 	{
-		return ($this->_hash_type == 'sha1') ? sha1($str) : md5($str);
+		return ($this->_hash_type === 'sha1') ? sha1($str) : md5($str);
 	}
 }
 
-// END CI_Encrypt class
-
 /* End of file Encrypt.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Encrypt.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Encrypt.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Form_validation.php b/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
index 0a6a2af0d..bd8b7c216 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
@@ -47,10 +47,8 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	protected $_error_suffix		= '</p>';
 	protected $error_string			= '';
 	protected $_safe_form_data		= FALSE;
+	protected $validation_data		= array();
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 */
 	public function __construct($rules = array())
 	{
 		$this->CI =& get_instance();
@@ -67,7 +65,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 			mb_internal_encoding($this->CI->config->item('charset'));
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', "Form Validation Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Form Validation Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -85,7 +83,8 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	public function set_rules($field, $label = '', $rules = '')
 	{
 		// No reason to set rules if we have no POST data
-		if (count($_POST) === 0)
+		// or a validation array has not been specified
+		if ($this->CI->input->method() !== 'post' && empty($this->validation_data))
 		{
 			return $this;
 		}
@@ -162,10 +161,33 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * By default, form validation uses the $_POST array to validate
+	 *
+	 * If an array is set through this method, then this array will
+	 * be used instead of the $_POST array
+	 *
+	 * Note that if you are validating multiple arrays, then the
+	 * reset_validation() function should be called after validating
+	 * each array due to the limitations of CI's singleton
+	 *
+	 * @param	array	$data
+	 * @return	void
+	 */
+	public function set_data($data = '')
+	{
+		if ( ! empty($data) && is_array($data))
+		{
+			$this->validation_data = $data;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Set Error Message
 	 *
 	 * Lets users set their own error messages on the fly.  Note:  The key
-	 * name has to match the  function name that it corresponds to.
+	 * name has to match the function name that it corresponds to.
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
@@ -235,6 +257,20 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Get Array of Error Messages
+	 *
+	 * Returns the error messages as an array
+	 *
+	 * @return	array
+	 */
+	public function error_array()
+	{
+		return $this->_error_array;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Error String
 	 *
 	 * Returns the error messages as a string, wrapped in the error delimiters
@@ -286,7 +322,8 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	public function run($group = '')
 	{
 		// Do we even have any data to process?  Mm?
-		if (count($_POST) === 0)
+		$validation_array = ( ! empty($this->validation_data)) ? $this->validation_data : $_POST;
+		if (count($validation_array) === 0)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -328,18 +365,18 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 		// corresponding $_POST item and test for errors
 		foreach ($this->_field_data as $field => $row)
 		{
-			// Fetch the data from the corresponding $_POST array and cache it in the _field_data array.
+			// Fetch the data from the corresponding $_POST or validation array and cache it in the _field_data array.
 			// Depending on whether the field name is an array or a string will determine where we get it from.
 
 			if ($row['is_array'] === TRUE)
 			{
-				$this->_field_data[$field]['postdata'] = $this->_reduce_array($_POST, $row['keys']);
+				$this->_field_data[$field]['postdata'] = $this->_reduce_array($validation_array, $row['keys']);
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				if (isset($_POST[$field]) AND $_POST[$field] != "")
+				if (isset($validation_array[$field]) AND $validation_array[$field] != "")
 				{
-					$this->_field_data[$field]['postdata'] = $_POST[$field];
+					$this->_field_data[$field]['postdata'] = $validation_array[$field];
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -703,11 +740,11 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	the field name
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function set_value($field = '', $default = '')
 	{
-		if ( ! isset($this->_field_data[$field]))
+		if ( ! isset($this->_field_data[$field], $this->_field_data[$field]['postdata']))
 		{
 			return $default;
 		}
@@ -736,13 +773,9 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 */
 	public function set_select($field = '', $value = '', $default = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ( ! isset($this->_field_data[$field]) OR ! isset($this->_field_data[$field]['postdata']))
+		if ( ! isset($this->_field_data[$field], $this->_field_data[$field]['postdata']))
 		{
-			if ($default === TRUE AND count($this->_field_data) === 0)
-			{
-				return ' selected="selected"';
-			}
-			return '';
+			return ($default === TRUE && count($this->_field_data) === 0) ? ' selected="selected"' : '';
 		}
 
 		$field = $this->_field_data[$field]['postdata'];
@@ -754,12 +787,9 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 				return '';
 			}
 		}
-		else
+		elseif (($field == '' OR $value == '') OR ($field != $value))
 		{
-			if (($field == '' OR $value == '') OR ($field != $value))
-			{
-				return '';
-			}
+			return '';
 		}
 
 		return ' selected="selected"';
@@ -779,13 +809,9 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 */
 	public function set_radio($field = '', $value = '', $default = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ( ! isset($this->_field_data[$field]) OR ! isset($this->_field_data[$field]['postdata']))
+		if ( ! isset($this->_field_data[$field], $this->_field_data[$field]['postdata']))
 		{
-			if ($default === TRUE AND count($this->_field_data) === 0)
-			{
-				return ' checked="checked"';
-			}
-			return '';
+			return ($default === TRUE && count($this->_field_data) === 0) ? ' checked="checked"' : '';
 		}
 
 		$field = $this->_field_data[$field]['postdata'];
@@ -864,14 +890,13 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 */
 	public function matches($str, $field)
 	{
-		if ( ! isset($_POST[$field]))
+		$validation_array = ( ! empty($this->validation_data)) ? $this->validation_data : $_POST;
+		if ( ! isset($validation_array[$field]))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$field = $_POST[$field];
-
-		return ($str === $field);
+		return ($str === $validation_array[$field]);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -908,7 +933,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 */
 	public function min_length($str, $val)
 	{
-		if (preg_match("/[^0-9]/", $val))
+		if (preg_match('/[^0-9]/', $val))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -932,7 +957,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 */
 	public function max_length($str, $val)
 	{
-		if (preg_match("/[^0-9]/", $val))
+		if (preg_match('/[^0-9]/', $val))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -956,7 +981,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 */
 	public function exact_length($str, $val)
 	{
-		if (preg_match("/[^0-9]/", $val))
+		if (preg_match('/[^0-9]/', $val))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -1116,7 +1141,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Greather than
+	 * Greater than
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
@@ -1133,6 +1158,23 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Equal to or Greater than
+	 *
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	public function greater_than_equal_to($str, $min)
+	{
+		if ( ! is_numeric($str))
+		{
+			return FALSE;
+		}
+		return $str >= $min;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Less than
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
@@ -1150,6 +1192,23 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Equal to or Less than
+	 *
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	public function less_than_equal_to($str, $max)
+	{
+		if ( ! is_numeric($str))
+		{
+			return FALSE;
+		}
+		return $str <= $max;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Is a Natural number  (0,1,2,3, etc.)
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
@@ -1170,7 +1229,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 */
 	public function is_natural_no_zero($str)
 	{
-		return ($str != 0 AND preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $str));
+		return ($str != 0 && preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $str));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1217,7 +1276,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 			return $data;
 		}
 
-		return str_replace(array("'", '"', '<', '>'), array("&#39;", "&quot;", '&lt;', '&gt;'), stripslashes($data));
+		return str_replace(array("'", '"', '<', '>'), array('&#39;', '&quot;', '&lt;', '&gt;'), stripslashes($data));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1282,8 +1341,26 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 		return str_replace(array('<?php', '<?PHP', '<?', '?>'),  array('&lt;?php', '&lt;?PHP', '&lt;?', '?&gt;'), $str);
 	}
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Reset validation vars
+	 *
+	 * Prevents subsequent validation routines from being affected by the
+	 * results of any previous validation routine due to the CI singleton.
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
+	 */
+	public function reset_validation()
+	{
+		$this->_field_data = array();
+		$this->_config_rules = array();
+		$this->_error_array = array();
+		$this->_error_messages = array();
+		$this->error_string = '';
+	}
+
 }
-// END Form Validation Class
 
 /* End of file Form_validation.php */
 /* Location: ./system/libraries/Form_validation.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Image_lib.php b/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
index c86224ffb..9826eabdd 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Image Manipulation class
  *
@@ -88,12 +86,6 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	protected $wm_use_drop_shadow	= FALSE;
 	public $wm_use_truetype	= FALSE;
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
-	 */
 	public function __construct($props = array())
 	{
 		if (count($props) > 0)
@@ -101,7 +93,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			$this->initialize($props);
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', "Image Lib Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Image Lib Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -158,9 +150,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 */
 	public function initialize($props = array())
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Convert array elements into class variables
-		 */
+		// Convert array elements into class variables
 		if (count($props) > 0)
 		{
 			foreach ($props as $key => $val)
@@ -195,25 +185,18 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			}
 		}
 
-		/*
-		 * Is there a source image?
-		 *
-		 * If not, there's no reason to continue
-		 *
-		 */
+		// Is there a source image? If not, there's no reason to continue
 		if ($this->source_image == '')
 		{
 			$this->set_error('imglib_source_image_required');
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		/*
-		 * Is getimagesize() Available?
+		/* Is getimagesize() available?
 		 *
 		 * We use it to determine the image properties (width/height).
-		 * Note:  We need to figure out how to determine image
+		 * Note: We need to figure out how to determine image
 		 * properties using ImageMagick and NetPBM
-		 *
 		 */
 		if ( ! function_exists('getimagesize'))
 		{
@@ -223,17 +206,15 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 
 		$this->image_library = strtolower($this->image_library);
 
-		/*
-		 * Set the full server path
+		/* Set the full server path
 		 *
 		 * The source image may or may not contain a path.
 		 * Either way, we'll try use realpath to generate the
 		 * full server path in order to more reliably read it.
-		 *
 		 */
-		if (function_exists('realpath') AND @realpath($this->source_image) !== FALSE)
+		if (function_exists('realpath') && @realpath($this->source_image) !== FALSE)
 		{
-			$full_source_path = str_replace("\\", "/", realpath($this->source_image));
+			$full_source_path = str_replace('\\', '/', realpath($this->source_image));
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -255,64 +236,58 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		 *
 		 * If the user has set a "new_image" name it means
 		 * we are making a copy of the source image. If not
-		 * it means we are altering the original.  We'll
+		 * it means we are altering the original. We'll
 		 * set the destination filename and path accordingly.
-		 *
 		 */
 		if ($this->new_image == '')
 		{
 			$this->dest_image = $this->source_image;
 			$this->dest_folder = $this->source_folder;
 		}
+		elseif (strpos($this->new_image, '/') === FALSE)
+		{
+			$this->dest_folder = $this->source_folder;
+			$this->dest_image = $this->new_image;
+		}
 		else
 		{
-			if (strpos($this->new_image, '/') === FALSE)
+			if (strpos($this->new_image, '/') === FALSE AND strpos($this->new_image, '\\') === FALSE)
 			{
-				$this->dest_folder = $this->source_folder;
-				$this->dest_image = $this->new_image;
+				$full_dest_path = str_replace('\\', '/', realpath($this->new_image));
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				if (function_exists('realpath') AND @realpath($this->new_image) !== FALSE)
-				{
-					$full_dest_path = str_replace("\\", "/", realpath($this->new_image));
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$full_dest_path = $this->new_image;
-				}
+				$full_dest_path = $this->new_image;
+			}
 
-				// Is there a file name?
-				if ( ! preg_match("#\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$#i", $full_dest_path))
-				{
-					$this->dest_folder = $full_dest_path.'/';
-					$this->dest_image = $this->source_image;
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$x = explode('/', $full_dest_path);
-					$this->dest_image = end($x);
-					$this->dest_folder = str_replace($this->dest_image, '', $full_dest_path);
-				}
+			// Is there a file name?
+			if ( ! preg_match('#\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$#i', $full_dest_path))
+			{
+				$this->dest_folder = $full_dest_path.'/';
+				$this->dest_image = $this->source_image;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				$x = explode('/', $full_dest_path);
+				$this->dest_image = end($x);
+				$this->dest_folder = str_replace($this->dest_image, '', $full_dest_path);
 			}
 		}
 
-		/*
-		 * Compile the finalized filenames/paths
+		/* Compile the finalized filenames/paths
 		 *
 		 * We'll create two master strings containing the
 		 * full server path to the source image and the
 		 * full server path to the destination image.
 		 * We'll also split the destination image name
 		 * so we can insert the thumbnail marker if needed.
-		 *
 		 */
 		if ($this->create_thumb === FALSE OR $this->thumb_marker == '')
 		{
 			$this->thumb_marker = '';
 		}
 
-		$xp	= $this->explode_name($this->dest_image);
+		$xp = $this->explode_name($this->dest_image);
 
 		$filename = $xp['name'];
 		$file_ext = $xp['ext'];
@@ -320,54 +295,55 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		$this->full_src_path = $this->source_folder.$this->source_image;
 		$this->full_dst_path = $this->dest_folder.$filename.$this->thumb_marker.$file_ext;
 
-		/*
-		 * Should we maintain image proportions?
+		/* Should we maintain image proportions?
 		 *
 		 * When creating thumbs or copies, the target width/height
 		 * might not be in correct proportion with the source
-		 * image's width/height.  We'll recalculate it here.
-		 *
+		 * image's width/height. We'll recalculate it here.
 		 */
-		if ($this->maintain_ratio === TRUE && ($this->width != '' AND $this->height != ''))
+		if ($this->maintain_ratio === TRUE && ($this->width != 0 OR $this->height != 0))
 		{
 			$this->image_reproportion();
 		}
 
-		/*
-		 * Was a width and height specified?
-		 *
-		 * If the destination width/height was
-		 * not submitted we will use the values
-		 * from the actual file
+		/* Was a width and height specified?
 		 *
+		 * If the destination width/height was not submitted we
+		 * will use the values from the actual file
 		 */
 		if ($this->width == '')
+		{
 			$this->width = $this->orig_width;
+		}
 
 		if ($this->height == '')
+		{
 			$this->height = $this->orig_height;
+		}
 
 		// Set the quality
-		$this->quality = trim(str_replace("%", "", $this->quality));
+		$this->quality = trim(str_replace('%', '', $this->quality));
 
-		if ($this->quality == '' OR $this->quality == 0 OR ! is_numeric($this->quality))
+		if ($this->quality == '' OR $this->quality == 0 OR ! preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $this->quality))
+		{
 			$this->quality = 90;
+		}
 
 		// Set the x/y coordinates
-		$this->x_axis = ($this->x_axis == '' OR ! is_numeric($this->x_axis)) ? 0 : $this->x_axis;
-		$this->y_axis = ($this->y_axis == '' OR ! is_numeric($this->y_axis)) ? 0 : $this->y_axis;
+		$this->x_axis = ($this->x_axis == '' OR ! preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $this->x_axis)) ? 0 : $this->x_axis;
+		$this->y_axis = ($this->y_axis == '' OR ! preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $this->y_axis)) ? 0 : $this->y_axis;
 
 		// Watermark-related Stuff...
 		if ($this->wm_overlay_path != '')
 		{
-			$this->wm_overlay_path = str_replace("\\", "/", realpath($this->wm_overlay_path));
+			$this->wm_overlay_path = str_replace('\\', '/', realpath($this->wm_overlay_path));
 		}
 
 		if ($this->wm_shadow_color != '')
 		{
 			$this->wm_use_drop_shadow = TRUE;
 		}
-		elseif ($this->wm_use_drop_shadow == TRUE AND $this->wm_shadow_color == '')
+		elseif ($this->wm_use_drop_shadow == TRUE && $this->wm_shadow_color == '')
 		{
 			$this->wm_use_drop_shadow = FALSE;
 		}
@@ -392,7 +368,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 */
 	public function resize()
 	{
-		$protocol = (strtolower(substr($this->image_library, 0, -3)) === 'gd2') ? 'image_process_gd' : 'image_process_'.$this->image_library;
+		$protocol = ($this->image_library === 'gd2') ? 'image_process_gd' : 'image_process_'.$this->image_library;
 		return $this->$protocol('resize');
 	}
 
@@ -408,7 +384,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 */
 	public function crop()
 	{
-		$protocol = (strtolower(substr($this->image_library, 0, -3)) === 'gd2') ? 'image_process_gd' : 'image_process_'.$this->image_library;
+		$protocol = ($this->image_library === 'gd2') ? 'image_process_gd' : 'image_process_'.$this->image_library;
 		return $this->$protocol('crop');
 	}
 
@@ -445,22 +421,16 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			$this->height	= $this->orig_height;
 		}
 
-
 		// Choose resizing function
-		if ($this->image_library == 'imagemagick' OR $this->image_library == 'netpbm')
+		if ($this->image_library === 'imagemagick' OR $this->image_library === 'netpbm')
 		{
 			$protocol = 'image_process_'.$this->image_library;
 			return $this->$protocol('rotate');
 		}
 
-		if ($this->rotation_angle == 'hor' OR $this->rotation_angle == 'vrt')
-		{
-			return $this->image_mirror_gd();
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return $this->image_rotate_gd();
-		}
+		return ($this->rotation_angle === 'hor' OR $this->rotation_angle === 'vrt')
+			? $this->image_mirror_gd()
+			: $this->image_rotate_gd();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -479,9 +449,9 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 
 		// If the target width/height match the source, AND if the new file name is not equal to the old file name
 		// we'll simply make a copy of the original with the new name... assuming dynamic rendering is off.
-		if ($this->dynamic_output === FALSE AND $this->orig_width == $this->width AND $this->orig_height == $this->height)
+		if ($this->dynamic_output === FALSE && $this->orig_width == $this->width && $this->orig_height == $this->height)
 		{
-			if ($this->source_image != $this->new_image AND @copy($this->full_src_path, $this->full_dst_path))
+			if ($this->source_image != $this->new_image && @copy($this->full_src_path, $this->full_dst_path))
 			{
 				@chmod($this->full_dst_path, FILE_WRITE_MODE);
 			}
@@ -492,7 +462,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		// Let's set up our values based on the action
 		if ($action == 'crop')
 		{
-			//  Reassign the source width/height if cropping
+			// Reassign the source width/height if cropping
 			$this->orig_width  = $this->width;
 			$this->orig_height = $this->height;
 
@@ -516,14 +486,15 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		//  Create The Image
-		//
-		//  old conditional which users report cause problems with shared GD libs who report themselves as "2.0 or greater"
-		//  it appears that this is no longer the issue that it was in 2004, so we've removed it, retaining it in the comment
-		//  below should that ever prove inaccurate.
-		//
-		//  if ($this->image_library == 'gd2' AND function_exists('imagecreatetruecolor') AND $v2_override == FALSE)
-		if ($this->image_library == 'gd2' AND function_exists('imagecreatetruecolor'))
+		/* Create the image
+		 *
+		 * Old conditional which users report cause problems with shared GD libs who report themselves as "2.0 or greater"
+		 * it appears that this is no longer the issue that it was in 2004, so we've removed it, retaining it in the comment
+		 * below should that ever prove inaccurate.
+		 *
+		 * if ($this->image_library === 'gd2' && function_exists('imagecreatetruecolor') && $v2_override == FALSE)
+		 */
+		if ($this->image_library === 'gd2' && function_exists('imagecreatetruecolor'))
 		{
 			$create	= 'imagecreatetruecolor';
 			$copy	= 'imagecopyresampled';
@@ -544,21 +515,17 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 
 		$copy($dst_img, $src_img, 0, 0, $this->x_axis, $this->y_axis, $this->width, $this->height, $this->orig_width, $this->orig_height);
 
-		//  Show the image
+		// Show the image
 		if ($this->dynamic_output == TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->image_display_gd($dst_img);
 		}
-		else
+		elseif ( ! $this->image_save_gd($dst_img)) // Or save it
 		{
-			// Or save it
-			if ( ! $this->image_save_gd($dst_img))
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		//  Kill the file handles
+		// Kill the file handles
 		imagedestroy($dst_img);
 		imagedestroy($src_img);
 
@@ -587,42 +554,34 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		if ( ! preg_match("/convert$/i", $this->library_path))
+		if ( ! preg_match('/convert$/i', $this->library_path))
 		{
 			$this->library_path = rtrim($this->library_path, '/').'/convert';
 		}
 
 		// Execute the command
-		$cmd = $this->library_path." -quality ".$this->quality;
+		$cmd = $this->library_path.' -quality '.$this->quality;
 
 		if ($action == 'crop')
 		{
-			$cmd .= " -crop ".$this->width."x".$this->height."+".$this->x_axis."+".$this->y_axis." \"$this->full_src_path\" \"$this->full_dst_path\" 2>&1";
+			$cmd .= ' -crop '.$this->width.'x'.$this->height.'+'.$this->x_axis.'+'.$this->y_axis.' "'.$this->full_src_path.'" "'.$this->full_dst_path .'" 2>&1';
 		}
 		elseif ($action == 'rotate')
 		{
-			switch ($this->rotation_angle)
-			{
-				case 'hor'	: $angle = '-flop';
-					break;
-				case 'vrt'	: $angle = '-flip';
-					break;
-				default		: $angle = '-rotate '.$this->rotation_angle;
-					break;
-			}
+			$angle = ($this->rotation_angle === 'hor' OR $this->rotation_angle === 'vrt')
+					? '-flop' : '-rotate '.$this->rotation_angle;
 
-			$cmd .= " ".$angle." \"$this->full_src_path\" \"$this->full_dst_path\" 2>&1";
+			$cmd .= ' '.$angle.' "'.$this->full_src_path.'" "'.$this->full_dst_path.'" 2>&1';
 		}
-		else  // Resize
+		else // Resize
 		{
-			$cmd .= " -resize ".$this->width."x".$this->height." \"$this->full_src_path\" \"$this->full_dst_path\" 2>&1";
+			$cmd .= ' -resize '.$this->width.'x'.$this->height.' "'.$this->full_src_path.'" "'.$this->full_dst_path.'" 2>&1';
 		}
 
 		$retval = 1;
-
 		@exec($cmd, $output, $retval);
 
-		//	Did it work?
+		// Did it work?
 		if ($retval > 0)
 		{
 			$this->set_error('imglib_image_process_failed');
@@ -653,7 +612,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		//  Build the resizing command
+		// Build the resizing command
 		switch ($this->image_type)
 		{
 			case 1 :
@@ -700,10 +659,9 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		$cmd = $this->library_path.$cmd_in.' '.$this->full_src_path.' | '.$cmd_inner.' | '.$cmd_out.' > '.$this->dest_folder.'netpbm.tmp';
 
 		$retval = 1;
-
 		@exec($cmd, $output, $retval);
 
-		//  Did it work?
+		// Did it work?
 		if ($retval > 0)
 		{
 			$this->set_error('imglib_image_process_failed');
@@ -714,7 +672,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		// If you try manipulating the original it fails so
 		// we have to rename the temp file.
 		copy ($this->dest_folder.'netpbm.tmp', $this->full_dst_path);
-		unlink ($this->dest_folder.'netpbm.tmp');
+		unlink($this->dest_folder.'netpbm.tmp');
 		@chmod($this->full_dst_path, FILE_WRITE_MODE);
 
 		return TRUE;
@@ -729,7 +687,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 */
 	public function image_rotate_gd()
 	{
-		//  Create the image handle
+		// Create the image handle
 		if ( ! ($src_img = $this->image_create_gd()))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
@@ -742,29 +700,24 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 
 		$white	= imagecolorallocate($src_img, 255, 255, 255);
 
-		//  Rotate it!
+		// Rotate it!
 		$dst_img = imagerotate($src_img, $this->rotation_angle, $white);
 
-		//  Save the Image
+		// Show the image
 		if ($this->dynamic_output == TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->image_display_gd($dst_img);
 		}
-		else
+		elseif ( ! $this->image_save_gd($dst_img)) // ... or save it
 		{
-			// Or save it
-			if ( ! $this->image_save_gd($dst_img))
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		//  Kill the file handles
+		// Kill the file handles
 		imagedestroy($dst_img);
 		imagedestroy($src_img);
 
 		// Set the file to 777
-
 		@chmod($this->full_dst_path, FILE_WRITE_MODE);
 
 		return TRUE;
@@ -789,7 +742,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		$width  = $this->orig_width;
 		$height = $this->orig_height;
 
-		if ($this->rotation_angle == 'hor')
+		if ($this->rotation_angle === 'hor')
 		{
 			for ($i = 0; $i < $height; $i++, $left = 0, $right = $width-1)
 			{
@@ -824,21 +777,17 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			}
 		}
 
-		//  Show the image
+		// Show the image
 		if ($this->dynamic_output == TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->image_display_gd($src_img);
 		}
-		else
+		elseif ( ! $this->image_save_gd($src_img)) // ... or save it
 		{
-			// Or save it
-			if ( ! $this->image_save_gd($src_img))
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		//  Kill the file handles
+		// Kill the file handles
 		imagedestroy($src_img);
 
 		// Set the file to 777
@@ -860,14 +809,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 */
 	public function watermark()
 	{
-		if ($this->wm_type == 'overlay')
-		{
-			return $this->overlay_watermark();
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return $this->text_watermark();
-		}
+		return ($this->wm_type === 'overlay') ? $this->overlay_watermark() : $this->text_watermark();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -885,28 +827,28 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		//  Fetch source image properties
+		// Fetch source image properties
 		$this->get_image_properties();
 
-		//  Fetch watermark image properties
-		$props			= $this->get_image_properties($this->wm_overlay_path, TRUE);
+		// Fetch watermark image properties
+		$props		= $this->get_image_properties($this->wm_overlay_path, TRUE);
 		$wm_img_type	= $props['image_type'];
-		$wm_width		= $props['width'];
-		$wm_height		= $props['height'];
+		$wm_width	= $props['width'];
+		$wm_height	= $props['height'];
 
-		//  Create two image resources
+		// Create two image resources
 		$wm_img  = $this->image_create_gd($this->wm_overlay_path, $wm_img_type);
 		$src_img = $this->image_create_gd($this->full_src_path);
 
 		// Reverse the offset if necessary
 		// When the image is positioned at the bottom
 		// we don't want the vertical offset to push it
-		// further down.  We want the reverse, so we'll
-		// invert the offset.  Same with the horizontal
+		// further down. We want the reverse, so we'll
+		// invert the offset. Same with the horizontal
 		// offset when the image is at the right
 
-		$this->wm_vrt_alignment = strtoupper(substr($this->wm_vrt_alignment, 0, 1));
-		$this->wm_hor_alignment = strtoupper(substr($this->wm_hor_alignment, 0, 1));
+		$this->wm_vrt_alignment = strtoupper($this->wm_vrt_alignment[0]);
+		$this->wm_hor_alignment = strtoupper($this->wm_hor_alignment[0]);
 
 		if ($this->wm_vrt_alignment == 'B')
 			$this->wm_vrt_offset = $this->wm_vrt_offset * -1;
@@ -914,34 +856,32 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		if ($this->wm_hor_alignment == 'R')
 			$this->wm_hor_offset = $this->wm_hor_offset * -1;
 
-		//  Set the base x and y axis values
+		// Set the base x and y axis values
 		$x_axis = $this->wm_hor_offset + $this->wm_padding;
 		$y_axis = $this->wm_vrt_offset + $this->wm_padding;
 
-		//  Set the vertical position
-		switch ($this->wm_vrt_alignment)
+		// Set the vertical position
+		if ($this->wm_vrt_alignment === 'M')
 		{
-			case 'T':
-				break;
-			case 'M':	$y_axis += ($this->orig_height / 2) - ($wm_height / 2);
-				break;
-			case 'B':	$y_axis += $this->orig_height - $wm_height;
-				break;
+			$y_axis += ($this->orig_height / 2) - ($wm_height / 2);
+		}
+		elseif ($this->wm_vrt_alignment === 'B')
+		{
+			$y_axis += $this->orig_height - $wm_height;
 		}
 
-		//  Set the horizontal position
-		switch ($this->wm_hor_alignment)
+		// Set the horizontal position
+		if ($this->wm_hor_alignment === 'C')
 		{
-			case 'L':
-				break;
-			case 'C':	$x_axis += ($this->orig_width / 2) - ($wm_width / 2);
-				break;
-			case 'R':	$x_axis += $this->orig_width - $wm_width;
-				break;
+			$x_axis += ($this->orig_width / 2) - ($wm_width / 2);
+		}
+		elseif ($this->wm_hor_alignment === 'R')
+		{
+			$x_axis += $this->orig_width - $wm_width;
 		}
 
 		//  Build the finalized image
-		if ($wm_img_type == 3 AND function_exists('imagealphablending'))
+		if ($wm_img_type == 3 && function_exists('imagealphablending'))
 		{
 			@imagealphablending($src_img, TRUE);
 		}
@@ -963,12 +903,12 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			imagecopymerge($src_img, $wm_img, $x_axis, $y_axis, 0, 0, $wm_width, $wm_height, $this->wm_opacity);
 		}
 
-		//  Output the image
+		// Output the image
 		if ($this->dynamic_output == TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->image_display_gd($src_img);
 		}
-		elseif ( ! $this->image_save_gd($src_img))
+		elseif ( ! $this->image_save_gd($src_img)) // ... or save it
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -993,20 +933,20 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		if ($this->wm_use_truetype == TRUE AND ! file_exists($this->wm_font_path))
+		if ($this->wm_use_truetype == TRUE && ! file_exists($this->wm_font_path))
 		{
 			$this->set_error('imglib_missing_font');
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		//  Fetch source image properties
+		// Fetch source image properties
 		$this->get_image_properties();
 
 		// Reverse the vertical offset
 		// When the image is positioned at the bottom
 		// we don't want the vertical offset to push it
-		// further down.  We want the reverse, so we'll
-		// invert the offset.  Note: The horizontal
+		// further down. We want the reverse, so we'll
+		// invert the offset. Note: The horizontal
 		// offset flips itself automatically
 
 		if ($this->wm_vrt_alignment == 'B')
@@ -1039,49 +979,39 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		$x_axis = $this->wm_hor_offset + $this->wm_padding;
 		$y_axis = $this->wm_vrt_offset + $this->wm_padding;
 
-		// Set verticle alignment
 		if ($this->wm_use_drop_shadow == FALSE)
 			$this->wm_shadow_distance = 0;
 
 		$this->wm_vrt_alignment = strtoupper(substr($this->wm_vrt_alignment, 0, 1));
 		$this->wm_hor_alignment = strtoupper(substr($this->wm_hor_alignment, 0, 1));
 
-		switch ($this->wm_vrt_alignment)
+		// Set verticle alignment
+		if ($this->wm_vrt_alignment === 'M')
 		{
-			case 'T':
-				break;
-			case 'M':	$y_axis += ($this->orig_height/2)+($fontheight/2);
-				break;
-			case 'B':	$y_axis += ($this->orig_height - $fontheight - $this->wm_shadow_distance - ($fontheight/2));
-				break;
+			$y_axis += ($this->orig_height / 2) + ($fontheight / 2);
+		}
+		elseif ($this->wm_vrt_alignment === 'B')
+		{
+			$y_axis += $this->orig_height - $fontheight - $this->wm_shadow_distance - ($fontheight / 2);
 		}
 
 		$x_shad = $x_axis + $this->wm_shadow_distance;
 		$y_shad = $y_axis + $this->wm_shadow_distance;
 
-		// Set horizontal alignment
-		switch ($this->wm_hor_alignment)
-		{
-			case 'L':
-				break;
-			case 'R':
-				if ($this->wm_use_drop_shadow)
-				{
-					$x_shad += ($this->orig_width - $fontwidth*strlen($this->wm_text));
-					$x_axis += ($this->orig_width - $fontwidth*strlen($this->wm_text));
-				}
-				break;
-			case 'C':
-				if ($this->wm_use_drop_shadow)
-				{
-					$x_shad += floor(($this->orig_width - $fontwidth*strlen($this->wm_text))/2);
-					$x_axis += floor(($this->orig_width - $fontwidth*strlen($this->wm_text))/2);
-				}
-				break;
-		}
-
 		if ($this->wm_use_drop_shadow)
 		{
+			// Set horizontal alignment
+			if ($this->wm_hor_alignment === 'R')
+			{
+				$x_shad += $this->orig_width - ($fontwidth * strlen($this->wm_text));
+				$x_axis += $this->orig_width - ($fontwidth * strlen($this->wm_text));
+			}
+			elseif ($this->wm_hor_alignment === 'C')
+			{
+				$x_shad += floor(($this->orig_width - ($fontwidth * strlen($this->wm_text))) / 2);
+				$x_axis += floor(($this->orig_width - ($fontwidth * strlen($this->wm_text))) / 2);
+			}
+
 			/* Set RGB values for text and shadow
 			 *
 			 * First character is #, so we don't really need it.
@@ -1091,9 +1021,9 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			$txt_color = str_split(substr($this->wm_font_color, 1, 6), 2);
 			$txt_color = imagecolorclosest($src_img, hexdec($txt_color[0]), hexdec($txt_color[1]), hexdec($txt_color[2]));
 			$drp_color = str_split(substr($this->wm_shadow_color, 1, 6), 2);
-			$drp_color = imagecolorclosest($src_img, hexdec($drp_color[0]), hexdec($drp_color[2]), hexdec($drp_color[3]));
+			$drp_color = imagecolorclosest($src_img, hexdec($drp_color[0]), hexdec($drp_color[1]), hexdec($drp_color[2]));
 
-			//  Add the text to the source image
+			// Add the text to the source image
 			if ($this->wm_use_truetype)
 			{
 				imagettftext($src_img, $this->wm_font_size, 0, $x_shad, $y_shad, $drp_color, $this->wm_font_path, $this->wm_text);
@@ -1106,7 +1036,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			}
 		}
 
-		//  Output the final image
+		// Output the final image
 		if ($this->dynamic_output == TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->image_display_gd($src_img);
@@ -1250,8 +1180,8 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 */
 	public function image_display_gd($resource)
 	{
-		header("Content-Disposition: filename={$this->source_image};");
-		header("Content-Type: {$this->mime_type}");
+		header('Content-Disposition: filename='.$this->source_image.';');
+		header('Content-Type: '.$this->mime_type);
 		header('Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary');
 		header('Last-Modified: '.gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s', time()).' GMT');
 
@@ -1284,33 +1214,43 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 */
 	public function image_reproportion()
 	{
-		if ( ! is_numeric($this->width) OR ! is_numeric($this->height) OR $this->width == 0 OR $this->height == 0)
-			return;
-
-		if ( ! is_numeric($this->orig_width) OR ! is_numeric($this->orig_height) OR $this->orig_width == 0 OR $this->orig_height == 0)
-			return;
-
-		$new_width	= ceil($this->orig_width*$this->height/$this->orig_height);
-		$new_height	= ceil($this->width*$this->orig_height/$this->orig_width);
-
-		$ratio = (($this->orig_height/$this->orig_width) - ($this->height/$this->width));
-
-		if ($this->master_dim != 'width' AND $this->master_dim != 'height')
+		if (($this->width == 0 && $this->height == 0) OR $this->orig_width == 0 OR $this->orig_height == 0
+			OR ( ! preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $this->width) && ! preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $this->height))
+			OR ! preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $this->orig_width) OR ! preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $this->orig_height))
 		{
-			$this->master_dim = ($ratio < 0) ? 'width' : 'height';
+			return;
 		}
 
-		if (($this->width != $new_width) AND ($this->height != $new_height))
+		// Sanitize so we don't call preg_match() anymore
+		$this->width = (int) $this->width;
+		$this->height = (int) $this->height;
+
+		if ($this->master_dim !== 'width' && $this->master_dim !== 'height')
 		{
-			if ($this->master_dim == 'height')
+			if ($this->width > 0 && $this->height > 0)
 			{
-				$this->width = $new_width;
+				$this->master_dim = ((($this->orig_height/$this->orig_width) - ($this->height/$this->width)) < 0)
+							? 'width' : 'height';
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$this->height = $new_height;
+				$this->master_dim = ($this->height === 0) ? 'width' : 'height';
 			}
 		}
+		elseif (($this->master_dim === 'width' && $this->width === 0)
+			OR ($this->master_dim === 'height' && $this->height === 0))
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if ($this->master_dim === 'width')
+		{
+			$this->height = (int) ceil($this->width*$this->orig_height/$this->orig_width);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			$this->width = (int) ceil($this->orig_width*$this->height/$this->orig_height);
+		}
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1329,7 +1269,9 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		// find a way to determine this using IM or NetPBM
 
 		if ($path == '')
+		{
 			$path = $this->full_src_path;
+		}
 
 		if ( ! file_exists($path))
 		{
@@ -1367,15 +1309,15 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 * Size calculator
 	 *
 	 * This function takes a known width x height and
-	 * recalculates it to a new size.  Only one
+	 * recalculates it to a new size. Only one
 	 * new variable needs to be known
 	 *
 	 *	$props = array(
-	 *					'width'			=> $width,
-	 *					'height'		=> $height,
-	 *					'new_width'		=> 40,
-	 *					'new_height'	=> ''
-	 *				  );
+	 *			'width'		=> $width,
+	 *			'height'	=> $height,
+	 *			'new_width'	=> 40,
+	 *			'new_height'	=> ''
+	 *		);
 	 *
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	array
@@ -1419,7 +1361,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 *
 	 * This is a helper function that extracts the extension
 	 * from the source_image.  This function lets us deal with
-	 * source_images with multiple periods, like:  my.cool.jpg
+	 * source_images with multiple periods, like: my.cool.jpg
 	 * It returns an associative array with two elements:
 	 * $array['ext']  = '.jpg';
 	 * $array['name'] = 'my.cool';
@@ -1449,7 +1391,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			/* As it is stated in the PHP manual, dl() is not always available
 			 * and even if so - it could generate an E_WARNING message on failure
 			 */
-			return (function_exists('dl') AND @dl('gd.so'));
+			return (function_exists('dl') && @dl('gd.so'));
 		}
 
 		return TRUE;
@@ -1467,9 +1409,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		if (function_exists('gd_info'))
 		{
 			$gd_version = @gd_info();
-			$gd_version = preg_replace("/\D/", "", $gd_version['GD Version']);
-
-			return $gd_version;
+			return preg_replace('/\D/', '', $gd_version['GD Version']);
 		}
 
 		return FALSE;
@@ -1516,11 +1456,10 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 */
 	public function display_errors($open = '<p>', $close = '</p>')
 	{
-		return (count($this->error_msg) > 0) ? $open . implode($close . $open, $this->error_msg) . $close : '';
+		return (count($this->error_msg) > 0) ? $open.implode($close.$open, $this->error_msg).$close : '';
 	}
 
 }
-// END Image_lib Class
 
 /* End of file Image_lib.php */
 /* Location: ./system/libraries/Image_lib.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Pagination.php b/system/libraries/Pagination.php
index c59151bad..35ac541e8 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Pagination.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Pagination.php
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class CI_Pagination {
 		}
 
 		// Calculate the total number of pages
-		$num_pages = ceil($this->total_rows / $this->per_page);
+		$num_pages = (int) ceil($this->total_rows / $this->per_page);
 
 		// Is there only one page? Hm... nothing more to do here then.
 		if ($num_pages === 1)
diff --git a/system/libraries/Profiler.php b/system/libraries/Profiler.php
index 89c616543..04216be5d 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Profiler.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Profiler.php
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 				}
 
 				$output .= "<tr><td style='width:50%;color:#000;background-color:#ddd;padding:5px'>&#36;_GET[".$key."]&nbsp;&nbsp; </td><td style='width:50%;padding:5px;color:#cd6e00;font-weight:normal;background-color:#ddd;'>"
-					. (is_array($val) ? "<pre>" . htmlspecialchars(stripslashes(print_r($val, true))) . "</pre>" : htmlspecialchars(stripslashes($val)))
+					. ((is_array($val) OR is_object($val)) ? "<pre>" . htmlspecialchars(stripslashes(print_r($val, true))) . "</pre>" : htmlspecialchars(stripslashes($val)))
 					. "</td></tr>\n";
 			}
 
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 				}
 
 				$output .= "<tr><td style='width:50%;padding:5px;color:#000;background-color:#ddd;'>&#36;_POST[".$key."]&nbsp;&nbsp; </td><td style='width:50%;padding:5px;color:#009900;font-weight:normal;background-color:#ddd;'>";
-				if (is_array($val))
+				if (is_array($val) OR is_object($val))
 				{
 					$output .= "<pre>" . htmlspecialchars(stripslashes(print_r($val, TRUE))) . "</pre>";
 				}
@@ -426,9 +426,9 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 			. '<legend style="color:#000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_config').'&nbsp;&nbsp;(<span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="var s=document.getElementById(\'ci_profiler_config_table\').style;s.display=s.display==\'none\'?\'\':\'none\';this.innerHTML=this.innerHTML==\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\'?\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_hide').'\':\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\';">'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'</span>)</legend>'
 			. "\n\n\n<table style='width:100%; display:none' id='ci_profiler_config_table'>\n";
 
-		foreach ($this->CI->config->config as $config=>$val)
+		foreach ($this->CI->config->config as $config => $val)
 		{
-			if (is_array($val))
+			if (is_array($val) OR is_object($val))
 			{
 				$val = print_r($val, TRUE);
 			}
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 
 		foreach ($this->CI->session->all_userdata() as $key => $val)
 		{
-			if (is_array($val) || is_object($val))
+			if (is_array($val) OR is_object($val))
 			{
 				$val = print_r($val, TRUE);
 			}
@@ -501,7 +501,5 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 	}
 }
 
-// END CI_Profiler class
-
 /* End of file Profiler.php */
 /* Location: ./system/libraries/Profiler.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session.php b/system/libraries/Session.php
index 04103a4d9..104b88810 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Session.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Session Class
  *
@@ -67,7 +65,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 */
 	public function __construct($params = array())
 	{
-		log_message('debug', "Session Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Session Class Initialized');
 
 		// Set the super object to a local variable for use throughout the class
 		$this->CI =& get_instance();
@@ -93,14 +91,14 @@ class CI_Session {
 			$this->CI->load->library('encrypt');
 		}
 
-		// Are we using a database?  If so, load it
-		if ($this->sess_use_database === TRUE AND $this->sess_table_name != '')
+		// Are we using a database? If so, load it
+		if ($this->sess_use_database === TRUE && $this->sess_table_name != '')
 		{
 			$this->CI->load->database();
 		}
 
-		// Set the "now" time.  Can either be GMT or server time, based on the
-		// config prefs.  We use this to set the "last activity" time
+		// Set the "now" time. Can either be GMT or server time, based on the
+		// config prefs. We use this to set the "last activity" time
 		$this->now = $this->_get_time();
 
 		// Set the session length. If the session expiration is
@@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 		$this->sess_cookie_name = $this->cookie_prefix.$this->sess_cookie_name;
 
 		// Run the Session routine. If a session doesn't exist we'll
-		// create a new one.  If it does, we'll update it.
+		// create a new one. If it does, we'll update it.
 		if ( ! $this->sess_read())
 		{
 			$this->sess_create();
@@ -133,7 +131,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 		// Delete expired sessions if necessary
 		$this->_sess_gc();
 
-		log_message('debug', "Session routines successfully run");
+		log_message('debug', 'Session routines successfully run');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -166,7 +164,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 			$hash	 = substr($session, strlen($session)-32); // get last 32 chars
 			$session = substr($session, 0, strlen($session)-32);
 
-			// Does the md5 hash match?  This is to prevent manipulation of session data in userspace
+			// Does the md5 hash match? This is to prevent manipulation of session data in userspace
 			if ($hash !==  md5($session.$this->encryption_key))
 			{
 				log_message('error', 'The session cookie data did not match what was expected. This could be a possible hacking attempt.');
@@ -179,7 +177,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 		$session = $this->_unserialize($session);
 
 		// Is the session data we unserialized an array with the correct format?
-		if ( ! is_array($session) OR ! isset($session['session_id']) OR ! isset($session['ip_address']) OR ! isset($session['user_agent']) OR ! isset($session['last_activity']))
+		if ( ! is_array($session) OR ! isset($session['session_id'], $session['ip_address'], $session['user_agent'], $session['last_activity']))
 		{
 			$this->sess_destroy();
 			return FALSE;
@@ -192,15 +190,15 @@ class CI_Session {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		// Does the IP Match?
-		if ($this->sess_match_ip == TRUE AND $session['ip_address'] !== $this->CI->input->ip_address())
+		// Does the IP match?
+		if ($this->sess_match_ip == TRUE && $session['ip_address'] !== $this->CI->input->ip_address())
 		{
 			$this->sess_destroy();
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		// Does the User Agent Match?
-		if ($this->sess_match_useragent == TRUE AND trim($session['user_agent']) !== trim(substr($this->CI->input->user_agent(), 0, 120)))
+		if ($this->sess_match_useragent == TRUE && trim($session['user_agent']) !== trim(substr($this->CI->input->user_agent(), 0, 120)))
 		{
 			$this->sess_destroy();
 			return FALSE;
@@ -221,9 +219,9 @@ class CI_Session {
 				$this->CI->db->where('user_agent', $session['user_agent']);
 			}
 
-			$query = $this->CI->db->get($this->sess_table_name);
+			$query = $this->CI->db->limit(1)->get($this->sess_table_name);
 
-			// No result?  Kill it!
+			// No result? Kill it!
 			if ($query->num_rows() === 0)
 			{
 				$this->sess_destroy();
@@ -232,7 +230,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 
 			// Is there custom data?  If so, add it to the main session array
 			$row = $query->row();
-			if (isset($row->user_data) AND $row->user_data != '')
+			if (isset($row->user_data) && $row->user_data != '')
 			{
 				$custom_data = $this->_unserialize($row->user_data);
 
@@ -282,7 +280,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 			$cookie_userdata[$val] = $this->userdata[$val];
 		}
 
-		// Did we find any custom data?  If not, we turn the empty array into a string
+		// Did we find any custom data? If not, we turn the empty array into a string
 		// since there's no reason to serialize and store an empty array in the DB
 		if (count($custom_userdata) === 0)
 		{
@@ -298,7 +296,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 		$this->CI->db->where('session_id', $this->userdata['session_id']);
 		$this->CI->db->update($this->sess_table_name, array('last_activity' => $this->userdata['last_activity'], 'user_data' => $custom_userdata));
 
-		// Write the cookie.  Notice that we manually pass the cookie data array to the
+		// Write the cookie. Notice that we manually pass the cookie data array to the
 		// _set_cookie() function. Normally that function will store $this->userdata, but
 		// in this case that array contains custom data, which we do not want in the cookie.
 		$this->_set_cookie($cookie_userdata);
@@ -324,13 +322,12 @@ class CI_Session {
 		$sessid .= $this->CI->input->ip_address();
 
 		$this->userdata = array(
-							'session_id'	=> md5(uniqid($sessid, TRUE)),
-							'ip_address'	=> $this->CI->input->ip_address(),
-							'user_agent'	=> substr($this->CI->input->user_agent(), 0, 120),
-							'last_activity'	=> $this->now,
-							'user_data'		=> ''
-							);
-
+					'session_id'	=> md5(uniqid($sessid, TRUE)),
+					'ip_address'	=> $this->CI->input->ip_address(),
+					'user_agent'	=> substr($this->CI->input->user_agent(), 0, 120),
+					'last_activity'	=> $this->now,
+					'user_data'	=> ''
+				);
 
 		// Save the data to the DB if needed
 		if ($this->sess_use_database === TRUE)
@@ -357,6 +354,35 @@ class CI_Session {
 			return;
 		}
 
+		// _set_cookie() will handle this for us if we aren't using database sessions
+		// by pushing all userdata to the cookie.
+		$cookie_data = NULL;
+
+		/* Changing the session ID during an AJAX call causes problems,
+		 * so we'll only update our last_activity
+		 */
+		if ($this->CI->input->is_ajax_request())
+		{
+			$this->userdata['last_activity'] = $this->now;
+
+			// Update the session ID and last_activity field in the DB if needed
+			if ($this->sess_use_database === TRUE)
+			{
+				// set cookie explicitly to only have our session data
+				$cookie_data = array();
+				foreach (array('session_id','ip_address','user_agent','last_activity') as $val)
+				{
+					$cookie_data[$val] = $this->userdata[$val];
+				}
+
+				$this->CI->db->query($this->CI->db->update_string($this->sess_table_name,
+											array('last_activity' => $this->userdata['last_activity']),
+											array('session_id' => $this->userdata['session_id'])));
+			}
+
+			return $this->_set_cookie($cookie_data);
+		}
+
 		// Save the old session id so we know which record to
 		// update in the database if we need it
 		$old_sessid = $this->userdata['session_id'];
@@ -374,10 +400,6 @@ class CI_Session {
 		$this->userdata['session_id'] = $new_sessid = md5(uniqid($new_sessid, TRUE));
 		$this->userdata['last_activity'] = $this->now;
 
-		// _set_cookie() will handle this for us if we aren't using database sessions
-		// by pushing all userdata to the cookie.
-		$cookie_data = NULL;
-
 		// Update the session ID and last_activity field in the DB if needed
 		if ($this->sess_use_database === TRUE)
 		{
@@ -405,7 +427,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 	public function sess_destroy()
 	{
 		// Kill the session DB row
-		if ($this->sess_use_database === TRUE AND isset($this->userdata['session_id']))
+		if ($this->sess_use_database === TRUE && isset($this->userdata['session_id']))
 		{
 			$this->CI->db->where('session_id', $this->userdata['session_id']);
 			$this->CI->db->delete($this->sess_table_name);
@@ -413,13 +435,13 @@ class CI_Session {
 
 		// Kill the cookie
 		setcookie(
-					$this->sess_cookie_name,
-					addslashes(serialize(array())),
-					($this->now - 31500000),
-					$this->cookie_path,
-					$this->cookie_domain,
-					0
-				);
+				$this->sess_cookie_name,
+				addslashes(serialize(array())),
+				($this->now - 31500000),
+				$this->cookie_path,
+				$this->cookie_domain,
+				0
+			);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -432,7 +454,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 */
 	public function userdata($item)
 	{
-		return ( ! isset($this->userdata[$item])) ? FALSE : $this->userdata[$item];
+		return isset($this->userdata[$item]) ? $this->userdata[$item] : FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -535,7 +557,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 */
 	public function keep_flashdata($key)
 	{
-		// 'old' flashdata gets removed.  Here we mark all
+		// 'old' flashdata gets removed. Here we mark all
 		// flashdata as 'new' to preserve it from _flashdata_sweep()
 		// Note the function will return FALSE if the $key
 		// provided cannot be found
@@ -586,7 +608,6 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 *
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-
 	protected function _flashdata_sweep()
 	{
 		$userdata = $this->all_userdata();
@@ -609,13 +630,9 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 */
 	protected function _get_time()
 	{
-		if (strtolower($this->time_reference) === 'gmt')
-		{
-			$now = time();
-			return mktime(gmdate('H', $now), gmdate('i', $now), gmdate('s', $now), gmdate('m', $now), gmdate('d', $now), gmdate('Y', $now));
-		}
-
-		return time();
+		return (strtolower($this->time_reference) === 'gmt')
+			? mktime(gmdate('H'), gmdate('i'), gmdate('s'), gmdate('m'), gmdate('d'), gmdate('Y'))
+			: time();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -649,13 +666,13 @@ class CI_Session {
 
 		// Set the cookie
 		setcookie(
-					$this->sess_cookie_name,
-					$cookie_data,
-					$expire,
-					$this->cookie_path,
-					$this->cookie_domain,
-					$this->cookie_secure
-				);
+				$this->sess_cookie_name,
+				$cookie_data,
+				$expire,
+				$this->cookie_path,
+				$this->cookie_domain,
+				$this->cookie_secure
+			);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -687,8 +704,11 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 *
 	 * This function converts any slashes found into a temporary marker
 	 *
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _escape_slashes(&$val, $key)
+	protected function _escape_slashes(&$val, $key)
 	{
 		if (is_string($val))
 		{
@@ -709,7 +729,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 */
 	protected function _unserialize($data)
 	{
-		$data = @unserialize(strip_slashes($data));
+		$data = @unserialize(strip_slashes(trim($data)));
 
 		if (is_array($data))
 		{
@@ -717,14 +737,19 @@ class CI_Session {
 			return $data;
 		}
 
-		return (is_string($data)) ? str_replace('{{slash}}', '\\', $data) : $data;
+		return is_string($data) ? str_replace('{{slash}}', '\\', $data) : $data;
 	}
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	/**
 	 * Unescape slashes
 	 *
 	 * This function converts any slash markers back into actual slashes
 	 *
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	protected function _unescape_slashes(&$val, $key)
 	{
@@ -756,16 +781,14 @@ class CI_Session {
 		{
 			$expire = $this->now - $this->sess_expiration;
 
-			$this->CI->db->where("last_activity < {$expire}");
+			$this->CI->db->where('last_activity < '.$expire);
 			$this->CI->db->delete($this->sess_table_name);
 
 			log_message('debug', 'Session garbage collection performed.');
 		}
 	}
 
-
 }
-// END Session Class
 
 /* End of file Session.php */
 /* Location: ./system/libraries/Session.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Typography.php b/system/libraries/Typography.php
index 76f0d4fc5..46c73ef8b 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Typography.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Typography.php
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class CI_Typography {
 		$process = TRUE;
 		$paragraph = FALSE;
 
-		for ($i = 1, $c = count($chunks); $i <= $c; $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $c = count($chunks) - 1; $i <= $c; $i++)
 		{
 			// Are we dealing with a tag? If so, we'll skip the processing for this cycle.
 			// Well also set the "process" flag which allows us to skip <pre> tags and a few other things.
diff --git a/system/libraries/Upload.php b/system/libraries/Upload.php
index 0c63886e7..89575c849 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Upload.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Upload.php
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
@@ -593,16 +593,17 @@ class CI_Upload {
 	/**
 	 * Verify that the filetype is allowed
 	 *
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function is_allowed_filetype($ignore_mime = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ($this->allowed_types == '*')
+		if ($this->allowed_types === '*')
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
 
-		if (count($this->allowed_types) == 0 OR ! is_array($this->allowed_types))
+		if ( ! is_array($this->allowed_types) OR count($this->allowed_types) === 0)
 		{
 			$this->set_error('upload_no_file_types');
 			return FALSE;
@@ -618,12 +619,9 @@ class CI_Upload {
 		// Images get some additional checks
 		$image_types = array('gif', 'jpg', 'jpeg', 'png', 'jpe');
 
-		if (in_array($ext, $image_types))
+		if (in_array($ext, $image_types) && @getimagesize($this->file_temp) === FALSE)
 		{
-			if (getimagesize($this->file_temp) === FALSE)
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		if ($ignore_mime === TRUE)
@@ -640,7 +638,7 @@ class CI_Upload {
 				return TRUE;
 			}
 		}
-		elseif ($mime == $this->file_type)
+		elseif ($mime === $this->file_type)
 		{
 				return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -960,7 +958,7 @@ class CI_Upload {
 			}
 			elseif (is_file(APPPATH.'config/mimes.php'))
 			{
-				include(APPPATH.'config//mimes.php');
+				include(APPPATH.'config/mimes.php');
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -1026,47 +1024,104 @@ class CI_Upload {
 	 */
 	protected function _file_mime_type($file)
 	{
-		// Use if the Fileinfo extension, if available (only versions above 5.3 support the FILEINFO_MIME_TYPE flag)
-		if ( (float) substr(phpversion(), 0, 3) >= 5.3 && function_exists('finfo_file'))
+		// We'll need this to validate the MIME info string (e.g. text/plain; charset=us-ascii)
+		$regexp = '/^([a-z\-]+\/[a-z0-9\-\.\+]+)(;\s.+)?$/';
+
+		/* Fileinfo extension - most reliable method
+		 *
+		 * Unfortunately, prior to PHP 5.3 - it's only available as a PECL extension and the
+		 * more convenient FILEINFO_MIME_TYPE flag doesn't exist.
+		 */
+		if (function_exists('finfo_file'))
 		{
-			$finfo = new finfo(FILEINFO_MIME_TYPE);
-			if ($finfo !== FALSE) // This is possible, if there is no magic MIME database file found on the system
+			$finfo = finfo_open(FILEINFO_MIME);
+			if (is_resource($finfo)) // It is possible that a FALSE value is returned, if there is no magic MIME database file found on the system
 			{
-				$file_type = $finfo->file($file['tmp_name']);
+				$mime = @finfo_file($finfo, $file['tmp_name']);
+				finfo_close($finfo);
 
 				/* According to the comments section of the PHP manual page,
 				 * it is possible that this function returns an empty string
 				 * for some files (e.g. if they don't exist in the magic MIME database)
 				 */
-				if (strlen($file_type) > 1)
+				if (is_string($mime) && preg_match($regexp, $mime, $matches))
 				{
-					$this->file_type = $file_type;
+					$this->file_type = $matches[1];
 					return;
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
-		// Fall back to the deprecated mime_content_type(), if available
-		if (function_exists('mime_content_type'))
-		{
-			$this->file_type = @mime_content_type($file['tmp_name']);
-			return;
-		}
-
-		/* This is an ugly hack, but UNIX-type systems provide a native way to detect the file type,
-		 * which is still more secure than depending on the value of $_FILES[$field]['type'].
+		/* This is an ugly hack, but UNIX-type systems provide a "native" way to detect the file type,
+		 * which is still more secure than depending on the value of $_FILES[$field]['type'], and as it
+		 * was reported in issue #750 (https://github.com/EllisLab/CodeIgniter/issues/750) - it's better
+		 * than mime_content_type() as well, hence the attempts to try calling the command line with
+		 * three different functions.
 		 *
 		 * Notes:
-		 *	- a 'W' in the substr() expression bellow, would mean that we're using Windows
-		 *	- many system admins would disable the exec() function due to security concerns, hence the function_exists() check
+		 *	- the DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR comparison ensures that we're not on a Windows system
+		 *	- many system admins would disable the exec(), shell_exec(), popen() and similar functions
+		 *	  due to security concerns, hence the function_exists() checks
 		 */
-		if (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR !== '\\' && function_exists('exec'))
+		if (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR !== '\\')
+		{
+			$cmd = 'file --brief --mime ' . escapeshellarg($file['tmp_name']) . ' 2>&1';
+
+			if (function_exists('exec'))
+			{
+				/* This might look confusing, as $mime is being populated with all of the output when set in the second parameter.
+				 * However, we only neeed the last line, which is the actual return value of exec(), and as such - it overwrites
+				 * anything that could already be set for $mime previously. This effectively makes the second parameter a dummy
+				 * value, which is only put to allow us to get the return status code.
+				 */
+				$mime = @exec($cmd, $mime, $return_status);
+				if ($return_status === 0 && is_string($mime) && preg_match($regexp, $mime, $matches))
+				{
+					$this->file_type = $matches[1];
+					return;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if ( (bool) @ini_get('safe_mode') === FALSE && function_exists('shell_exec'))
+			{
+				$mime = @shell_exec($cmd);
+				if (strlen($mime) > 0)
+				{
+					$mime = explode("\n", trim($mime));
+					if (preg_match($regexp, $mime[(count($mime) - 1)], $matches))
+					{
+						$this->file_type = $matches[1];
+						return;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (function_exists('popen'))
+			{
+				$proc = @popen($cmd, 'r');
+				if (is_resource($proc))
+				{
+					$mime = @fread($proc, 512);
+					@pclose($proc);
+					if ($mime !== FALSE)
+					{
+						$mime = explode("\n", trim($mime));
+						if (preg_match($regexp, $mime[(count($mime) - 1)], $matches))
+						{
+							$this->file_type = $matches[1];
+							return;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Fall back to the deprecated mime_content_type(), if available (still better than $_FILES[$field]['type'])
+		if (function_exists('mime_content_type'))
 		{
-			$output = array();
-			@exec('file --brief --mime-type ' . escapeshellarg($file['tmp_path']), $output, $return_code);
-			if ($return_code === 0 && strlen($output[0]) > 0) // A return status code != 0 would mean failed execution
+			$this->file_type = @mime_content_type($file['tmp_name']);
+			if (strlen($this->file_type) > 0) // It's possible that mime_content_type() returns FALSE or an empty string
 			{
-				$this->file_type = rtrim($output[0]);
 				return;
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php b/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php
index 1bdc27512..730a0fc49 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
  * NOTICE OF LICENSE
- * 
+ *
  * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
- * 
+ *
  * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
  * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
  * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
@@ -44,38 +44,38 @@ if ( ! function_exists('xml_parser_create'))
  */
 class CI_Xmlrpc {
 
-	var $debug			= FALSE;	// Debugging on or off
-	var $xmlrpcI4		= 'i4';
-	var $xmlrpcInt		= 'int';
-	var $xmlrpcBoolean	= 'boolean';
-	var $xmlrpcDouble	= 'double';
-	var $xmlrpcString	= 'string';
-	var $xmlrpcDateTime	= 'dateTime.iso8601';
-	var $xmlrpcBase64	= 'base64';
-	var $xmlrpcArray	= 'array';
-	var $xmlrpcStruct	= 'struct';
-
-	var $xmlrpcTypes	= array();
-	var $valid_parents	= array();
-	var $xmlrpcerr		= array();	// Response numbers
-	var $xmlrpcstr		= array();  // Response strings
-
-	var $xmlrpc_defencoding = 'UTF-8';
-	var $xmlrpcName			= 'XML-RPC for CodeIgniter';
-	var $xmlrpcVersion		= '1.1';
-	var $xmlrpcerruser		= 800; // Start of user errors
-	var $xmlrpcerrxml		= 100; // Start of XML Parse errors
-	var $xmlrpc_backslash	= ''; // formulate backslashes for escaping regexp
-
-	var $client;
-	var $method;
-	var $data;
-	var $message			= '';
-	var $error				= '';		// Error string for request
-	var $result;
-	var $response			= array();  // Response from remote server
-
-	var $xss_clean			= TRUE;
+	public $debug		= FALSE;	// Debugging on or off
+	public $xmlrpcI4	= 'i4';
+	public $xmlrpcInt	= 'int';
+	public $xmlrpcBoolean	= 'boolean';
+	public $xmlrpcDouble	= 'double';
+	public $xmlrpcString	= 'string';
+	public $xmlrpcDateTime	= 'dateTime.iso8601';
+	public $xmlrpcBase64	= 'base64';
+	public $xmlrpcArray	= 'array';
+	public $xmlrpcStruct	= 'struct';
+
+	public $xmlrpcTypes	= array();
+	public $valid_parents	= array();
+	public $xmlrpcerr		= array(); // Response numbers
+	public $xmlrpcstr		= array(); // Response strings
+
+	public $xmlrpc_defencoding	= 'UTF-8';
+	public $xmlrpcName		= 'XML-RPC for CodeIgniter';
+	public $xmlrpcVersion		= '1.1';
+	public $xmlrpcerruser		= 800; // Start of user errors
+	public $xmlrpcerrxml		= 100; // Start of XML Parse errors
+	public $xmlrpc_backslash	= ''; // formulate backslashes for escaping regexp
+
+	public $client;
+	public $method;
+	public $data;
+	public $message			= '';
+	public $error			= '';	// Error string for request
+	public $result;
+	public $response		= array();  // Response from remote server
+
+	public $xss_clean		= TRUE;
 
 	//-------------------------------------
 	//  VALUES THAT MULTIPLE CLASSES NEED
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 
 	public function __construct($config = array())
 	{
-		$this->xmlrpcName		= $this->xmlrpcName;
+		$this->xmlrpcName	= $this->xmlrpcName;
 		$this->xmlrpc_backslash = chr(92).chr(92);
 
 		// Types for info sent back and forth
@@ -101,23 +101,23 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 
 		// Array of Valid Parents for Various XML-RPC elements
 		$this->valid_parents = array('BOOLEAN'			=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'I4'				=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'INT'				=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'STRING'			=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'DOUBLE'			=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'DATETIME.ISO8601'	=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'BASE64'			=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'ARRAY'			=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'STRUCT'			=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'PARAM'			=> array('PARAMS'),
-									 'METHODNAME'		=> array('METHODCALL'),
-									 'PARAMS'			=> array('METHODCALL', 'METHODRESPONSE'),
-									 'MEMBER'			=> array('STRUCT'),
-									 'NAME'				=> array('MEMBER'),
-									 'DATA'				=> array('ARRAY'),
-									 'FAULT'			=> array('METHODRESPONSE'),
-									 'VALUE'			=> array('MEMBER', 'DATA', 'PARAM', 'FAULT')
-									 );
+						'I4'				=> array('VALUE'),
+						'INT'				=> array('VALUE'),
+						'STRING'			=> array('VALUE'),
+						'DOUBLE'			=> array('VALUE'),
+						'DATETIME.ISO8601'	=> array('VALUE'),
+						'BASE64'			=> array('VALUE'),
+						'ARRAY'			=> array('VALUE'),
+						'STRUCT'			=> array('VALUE'),
+						'PARAM'			=> array('PARAMS'),
+						'METHODNAME'		=> array('METHODCALL'),
+						'PARAMS'			=> array('METHODCALL', 'METHODRESPONSE'),
+						'MEMBER'			=> array('STRUCT'),
+						'NAME'				=> array('MEMBER'),
+						'DATA'				=> array('ARRAY'),
+						'FAULT'			=> array('METHODRESPONSE'),
+						'VALUE'			=> array('MEMBER', 'DATA', 'PARAM', 'FAULT')
+					 );
 
 
 		// XML-RPC Responses
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 		$this->xmlrpcerr['incorrect_params'] = '3';
 		$this->xmlrpcstr['incorrect_params'] = 'Incorrect parameters were passed to method';
 		$this->xmlrpcerr['introspect_unknown'] = '4';
-		$this->xmlrpcstr['introspect_unknown'] = "Cannot inspect signature for request: method unknown";
+		$this->xmlrpcstr['introspect_unknown'] = 'Cannot inspect signature for request: method unknown';
 		$this->xmlrpcerr['http_error'] = '5';
 		$this->xmlrpcstr['http_error'] = "Did not receive a '200 OK' response from remote server.";
 		$this->xmlrpcerr['no_data'] = '6';
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Initialize Prefs
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function initialize($config = array())
+	public function initialize($config = array())
 	{
 		if (count($config) > 0)
 		{
@@ -163,9 +163,9 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Take URL and parse it
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function server($url, $port=80)
+	public function server($url, $port=80)
 	{
-		if (substr($url, 0, 4) != "http")
+		if (strpos($url, 'http') !== 0)
 		{
 			$url = "http://".$url;
 		}
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Set Timeout
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function timeout($seconds=5)
+	public function timeout($seconds = 5)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_null($this->client) && is_int($seconds))
 		{
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Set Methods
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function method($function)
+	public function method($function)
 	{
 		$this->method = $function;
 	}
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Take Array of Data and Create Objects
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function request($incoming)
+	public function request($incoming)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($incoming))
 		{
@@ -231,42 +231,34 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Set Debug
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function set_debug($flag = TRUE)
+	public function set_debug($flag = TRUE)
 	{
-		$this->debug = ($flag == TRUE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		$this->debug = ($flag == TRUE);
 	}
 
 	//-------------------------------------
 	//  Values Parsing
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function values_parsing($value, $return = FALSE)
+	public function values_parsing($value, $return = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (is_array($value) && array_key_exists(0, $value))
 		{
-			if ( ! isset($value['1']) OR ( ! isset($this->xmlrpcTypes[$value['1']])))
+			if ( ! isset($value[1]) OR ( ! isset($this->xmlrpcTypes[$value[1]])))
 			{
-				if (is_array($value[0]))
-				{
-					$temp = new XML_RPC_Values($value['0'], 'array');
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$temp = new XML_RPC_Values($value['0'], 'string');
-				}
+				$temp = new XML_RPC_Values($value[0], (is_array($value[0]) ? 'array' : 'string'));
 			}
-			elseif (is_array($value['0']) && ($value['1'] == 'struct' OR $value['1'] == 'array'))
+			else
 			{
-				while (list($k) = each($value['0']))
+				if (is_array($value[0]) && ($value[1] == 'struct' OR $value[1] == 'array'))
 				{
-					$value['0'][$k] = $this->values_parsing($value['0'][$k], TRUE);
+					while (list($k) = each($value[0]))
+					{
+						$value[0][$k] = $this->values_parsing($value[0][$k], TRUE);
+					}
 				}
 
-				$temp = new XML_RPC_Values($value['0'], $value['1']);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				$temp = new XML_RPC_Values($value['0'], $value['1']);
+				$temp = new XML_RPC_Values($value[0], $value[1]);
 			}
 		}
 		else
@@ -283,24 +275,18 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Sends XML-RPC Request
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function send_request()
+	public function send_request()
 	{
 		$this->message = new XML_RPC_Message($this->method,$this->data);
 		$this->message->debug = $this->debug;
 
-		if ( ! $this->result = $this->client->send($this->message))
-		{
-			$this->error = $this->result->errstr;
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-		elseif ( ! is_object($this->result->val))
+		if ( ! $this->result = $this->client->send($this->message) OR ! is_object($this->result->val))
 		{
 			$this->error = $this->result->errstr;
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		$this->response = $this->result->decode();
-
 		return TRUE;
 	}
 	// END
@@ -309,7 +295,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Returns Error
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function display_error()
+	public function display_error()
 	{
 		return $this->error;
 	}
@@ -319,7 +305,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Returns Remote Server Response
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function display_response()
+	public function display_response()
 	{
 		return $this->response;
 	}
@@ -329,9 +315,9 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Sends an Error Message for Server Request
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function send_error_message($number, $message)
+	public function send_error_message($number, $message)
 	{
-		return new XML_RPC_Response('0',$number, $message);
+		return new XML_RPC_Response(0, $number, $message);
 	}
 	// END
 
@@ -340,14 +326,11 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Send Response for Server Request
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function send_response($response)
+	public function send_response($response)
 	{
 		// $response should be array of values, which will be parsed
 		// based on their data and type into a valid group of XML-RPC values
-
-		$response = $this->values_parsing($response);
-
-		return new XML_RPC_Response($response);
+		return new XML_RPC_Response($this->values_parsing($response));
 	}
 	// END
 
@@ -364,13 +347,13 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
  */
 class XML_RPC_Client extends CI_Xmlrpc
 {
-	var $path			= '';
-	var $server			= '';
-	var $port			= 80;
-	var $errno			= '';
-	var $errstring		= '';
-	var $timeout		= 5;
-	var $no_multicall	= FALSE;
+	public $path			= '';
+	public $server			= '';
+	public $port			= 80;
+	public $errno			= '';
+	public $errstring		= '';
+	public $timeout		= 5;
+	public $no_multicall	= FALSE;
 
 	public function __construct($path, $server, $port=80)
 	{
@@ -381,7 +364,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Client extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		$this->path = $path;
 	}
 
-	function send($msg)
+	public function send($msg)
 	{
 		if (is_array($msg))
 		{
@@ -393,7 +376,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Client extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		return $this->sendPayload($msg);
 	}
 
-	function sendPayload($msg)
+	public function sendPayload($msg)
 	{
 		$fp = @fsockopen($this->server, $this->port,$this->errno, $this->errstr, $this->timeout);
 
@@ -411,12 +394,12 @@ class XML_RPC_Client extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		}
 
 		$r = "\r\n";
-		$op  = "POST {$this->path} HTTP/1.0$r";
-		$op .= "Host: {$this->server}$r";
-		$op .= "Content-Type: text/xml$r";
-		$op .= "User-Agent: {$this->xmlrpcName}$r";
-		$op .= "Content-Length: ".strlen($msg->payload). "$r$r";
-		$op .= $msg->payload;
+		$op = "POST {$this->path} HTTP/1.0$r"
+			. "Host: {$this->server}$r"
+			. "Content-Type: text/xml$r"
+			. "User-Agent: {$this->xmlrpcName}$r"
+			. "Content-Length: ".strlen($msg->payload)."$r$r"
+			. $msg->payload;
 
 
 		if ( ! fputs($fp, $op, strlen($op)))
@@ -430,8 +413,8 @@ class XML_RPC_Client extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		return $resp;
 	}
 
-} // end class XML_RPC_Client
-
+}
+// end class XML_RPC_Client
 
 /**
  * XML-RPC Response class
@@ -442,11 +425,11 @@ class XML_RPC_Client extends CI_Xmlrpc
  */
 class XML_RPC_Response
 {
-	var $val = 0;
-	var $errno = 0;
-	var $errstr = '';
-	var $headers = array();
-	var $xss_clean = TRUE;
+	public $val = 0;
+	public $errno = 0;
+	public $errstr = '';
+	public $headers = array();
+	public $xss_clean = TRUE;
 
 	public function __construct($val, $code = 0, $fstr = '')
 	{
@@ -454,7 +437,14 @@ class XML_RPC_Response
 		{
 			// error
 			$this->errno = $code;
-			$this->errstr = htmlentities($fstr);
+			if ( ! is_php('5.4'))
+			{
+				$this->errstr = htmlspecialchars($fstr, ENT_NOQUOTES, 'UTF-8');
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				$this->errstr = htmlspecialchars($fstr, ENT_XML1 | ENT_NOQUOTES, 'UTF-8');
+			}
 		}
 		else if ( ! is_object($val))
 		{
@@ -468,27 +458,26 @@ class XML_RPC_Response
 		}
 	}
 
-	function faultCode()
+	public function faultCode()
 	{
 		return $this->errno;
 	}
 
-	function faultString()
+	public function faultString()
 	{
 		return $this->errstr;
 	}
 
-	function value()
+	public function value()
 	{
 		return $this->val;
 	}
 
-	function prepare_response()
+	public function prepare_response()
 	{
-		$result = "<methodResponse>\n";
-		if ($this->errno)
-		{
-			$result .= '<fault>
+		return "<methodResponse>\n"
+			. ($this->errno
+			? '<fault>
 	<value>
 		<struct>
 			<member>
@@ -501,23 +490,16 @@ class XML_RPC_Response
 			</member>
 		</struct>
 	</value>
-</fault>';
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$result .= "<params>\n<param>\n" .
-					$this->val->serialize_class() .
-					"</param>\n</params>";
-		}
-		$result .= "\n</methodResponse>";
-		return $result;
+</fault>'
+			: "<params>\n<param>\n".$this->val->serialize_class()."</param>\n</params>")
+			. "\n</methodResponse>";
 	}
 
-	function decode($array=FALSE)
+	public function decode($array = FALSE)
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
-		
-		if ($array !== FALSE && is_array($array))
+
+		if (is_array($array))
 		{
 			while (list($key) = each($array))
 			{
@@ -556,7 +538,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Response
 	//  XML-RPC Object to PHP Types
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function xmlrpc_decoder($xmlrpc_val)
+	public function xmlrpc_decoder($xmlrpc_val)
 	{
 		$kind = $xmlrpc_val->kindOf();
 
@@ -567,12 +549,10 @@ class XML_RPC_Response
 		elseif ($kind == 'array')
 		{
 			reset($xmlrpc_val->me);
-			list($a,$b) = each($xmlrpc_val->me);
-			$size = count($b);
-
+			$b = current($xmlrpc_val->me);
 			$arr = array();
 
-			for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++)
+			for ($i = 0, $size = count($b); $i < $size; $i++)
 			{
 				$arr[] = $this->xmlrpc_decoder($xmlrpc_val->me['array'][$i]);
 			}
@@ -596,7 +576,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Response
 	//  ISO-8601 time to server or UTC time
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function iso8601_decode($time, $utc=0)
+	public function iso8601_decode($time, $utc = 0)
 	{
 		// return a timet in the localtime, or UTC
 		$t = 0;
@@ -608,9 +588,8 @@ class XML_RPC_Response
 		return $t;
 	}
 
-} // End Response Class
-
-
+}
+// End Response Class
 
 /**
  * XML-RPC Message class
@@ -621,10 +600,10 @@ class XML_RPC_Response
  */
 class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 {
-	var $payload;
-	var $method_name;
-	var $params			= array();
-	var $xh				= array();
+	public $payload;
+	public $method_name;
+	public $params			= array();
+	public $xh				= array();
 
 	public function __construct($method, $pars=0)
 	{
@@ -633,7 +612,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		$this->method_name = $method;
 		if (is_array($pars) && count($pars) > 0)
 		{
-			for ($i=0; $i<count($pars); $i++)
+			for ($i = 0, $c = count($pars); $i < $c; $i++)
 			{
 				// $pars[$i] = XML_RPC_Values
 				$this->params[] = $pars[$i];
@@ -645,13 +624,13 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	//  Create Payload to Send
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function createPayload()
+	public function createPayload()
 	{
-		$this->payload = "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?".">\r\n<methodCall>\r\n";
-		$this->payload .= '<methodName>' . $this->method_name . "</methodName>\r\n";
-		$this->payload .= "<params>\r\n";
+		$this->payload = "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?".">\r\n<methodCall>\r\n"
+				. '<methodName>'.$this->method_name."</methodName>\r\n"
+				. "<params>\r\n";
 
-		for ($i=0; $i<count($this->params); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->params); $i < $c; $i++)
 		{
 			// $p = XML_RPC_Values
 			$p = $this->params[$i];
@@ -665,7 +644,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	//  Parse External XML-RPC Server's Response
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function parseResponse($fp)
+	public function parseResponse($fp)
 	{
 		$data = '';
 
@@ -680,16 +659,14 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 
 		if ($this->debug === TRUE)
 		{
-			echo "<pre>";
-			echo "---DATA---\n" . htmlspecialchars($data) . "\n---END DATA---\n\n";
-			echo "</pre>";
+			echo "<pre>---DATA---\n".htmlspecialchars($data)."\n---END DATA---\n\n</pre>";
 		}
 
 		//-------------------------------------
 		//  Check for data
 		//-------------------------------------
 
-		if ($data == "")
+		if ($data === '')
 		{
 			error_log($this->xmlrpcstr['no_data']);
 			$r = new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['no_data'], $this->xmlrpcstr['no_data']);
@@ -701,7 +678,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		//  Check for HTTP 200 Response
 		//-------------------------------------
 
-		if (strncmp($data, 'HTTP', 4) == 0 && ! preg_match('/^HTTP\/[0-9\.]+ 200 /', $data))
+		if (strncmp($data, 'HTTP', 4) === 0 && ! preg_match('/^HTTP\/[0-9\.]+ 200 /', $data))
 		{
 			$errstr= substr($data, 0, strpos($data, "\n")-1);
 			$r = new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['http_error'], $this->xmlrpcstr['http_error']. ' (' . $errstr . ')');
@@ -714,13 +691,14 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 
 		$parser = xml_parser_create($this->xmlrpc_defencoding);
 
-		$this->xh[$parser]					= array();
-		$this->xh[$parser]['isf']			= 0;
-		$this->xh[$parser]['ac']			= '';
-		$this->xh[$parser]['headers']		= array();
-		$this->xh[$parser]['stack']			= array();
-		$this->xh[$parser]['valuestack']	= array();
-		$this->xh[$parser]['isf_reason']	= 0;
+		$this->xh[$parser] = array(
+						'isf' =>	0,
+						'ac' =>		'',
+						'headers' =>	array(),
+						'stack' =>	array(),
+						'valuestack' =>	array(),
+						'isf_reason' =>	0
+					);
 
 		xml_set_object($parser, $this);
 		xml_parser_set_option($parser, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING, true);
@@ -769,9 +747,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		{
 			if ($this->debug === TRUE)
 			{
-				echo "---Invalid Return---\n";
-				echo $this->xh[$parser]['isf_reason'];
-				echo "---Invalid Return---\n\n";
+				echo "---Invalid Return---\n".$this->xh[$parser]['isf_reason']."---Invalid Return---\n\n";
 			}
 
 			$r = new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['invalid_return'],$this->xmlrpcstr['invalid_return'].' '.$this->xh[$parser]['isf_reason']);
@@ -801,9 +777,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 				echo "---END HEADERS---\n\n";
 			}
 
-			echo "---DATA---\n" . htmlspecialchars($data) . "\n---END DATA---\n\n";
-
-			echo "---PARSED---\n" ;
+			echo "---DATA---\n".htmlspecialchars($data)."\n---END DATA---\n\n---PARSED---\n";
 			var_dump($this->xh[$parser]['value']);
 			echo "\n---END PARSED---</pre>";
 		}
@@ -813,7 +787,6 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		//-------------------------------------
 
 		$v = $this->xh[$parser]['value'];
-
 		if ($this->xh[$parser]['isf'])
 		{
 			$errno_v = $v->me['struct']['faultCode'];
@@ -855,7 +828,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	//  Start Element Handler
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function open_tag($the_parser, $name, $attrs)
+	public function open_tag($the_parser, $name, $attrs)
 	{
 		// If invalid nesting, then return
 		if ($this->xh[$the_parser]['isf'] > 1) return;
@@ -957,7 +930,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	//  End Element Handler
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function closing_tag($the_parser, $name)
+	public function closing_tag($the_parser, $name)
 	{
 		if ($this->xh[$the_parser]['isf'] > 1) return;
 
@@ -1101,7 +1074,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	//  Parses Character Data
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function character_data($the_parser, $data)
+	public function character_data($the_parser, $data)
 	{
 		if ($this->xh[$the_parser]['isf'] > 1) return; // XML Fault found already
 
@@ -1123,13 +1096,16 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	}
 
 
-	function addParam($par) { $this->params[]=$par; }
+	public function addParam($par)
+	{
+		$this->params[] = $par;
+	}
 
-	function output_parameters($array=FALSE)
+	public function output_parameters($array = FALSE)
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
-		
-		if ($array !== FALSE && is_array($array))
+
+		if (is_array($array))
 		{
 			while (list($key) = each($array))
 			{
@@ -1151,7 +1127,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		{
 			$parameters = array();
 
-			for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->params); $i++)
+			for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->params); $i < $c; $i++)
 			{
 				$a_param = $this->decode_message($this->params[$i]);
 
@@ -1170,7 +1146,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	}
 
 
-	function decode_message($param)
+	public function decode_message($param)
 	{
 		$kind = $param->kindOf();
 
@@ -1181,11 +1157,10 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		elseif ($kind == 'array')
 		{
 			reset($param->me);
-			list($a,$b) = each($param->me);
-
+			$b = current($param->me);
 			$arr = array();
 
-			for($i = 0; $i < count($b); $i++)
+			for($i = 0, $c = count($b); $i < $c; $i++)
 			{
 				$arr[] = $this->decode_message($param->me['array'][$i]);
 			}
@@ -1195,7 +1170,6 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		elseif ($kind == 'struct')
 		{
 			reset($param->me['struct']);
-
 			$arr = array();
 
 			while (list($key,$value) = each($param->me['struct']))
@@ -1207,9 +1181,8 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		}
 	}
 
-} // End XML_RPC_Messages class
-
-
+}
+// End XML_RPC_Messages class
 
 /**
  * XML-RPC Values class
@@ -1220,10 +1193,10 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
  */
 class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 {
-	var $me		= array();
-	var $mytype	= 0;
+	public $me	= array();
+	public $mytype	= 0;
 
-	public function __construct($val=-1, $type='')
+	public function __construct($val = -1, $type = '')
 	{
 		parent::__construct();
 
@@ -1246,7 +1219,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		}
 	}
 
-	function addScalar($val, $type='string')
+	public function addScalar($val, $type = 'string')
 	{
 		$typeof = $this->xmlrpcTypes[$type];
 
@@ -1264,14 +1237,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 
 		if ($type == $this->xmlrpcBoolean)
 		{
-			if (strcasecmp($val,'true')==0 OR $val==1 OR ($val==true && strcasecmp($val,'false')))
-			{
-				$val = 1;
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				$val=0;
-			}
+			$val = (strcasecmp($val,'true') === 0 OR $val == 1 OR ($val == true && strcasecmp($val, 'false'))) ? 1 : 0;
 		}
 
 		if ($this->mytype == 2)
@@ -1290,7 +1256,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-	function addArray($vals)
+	public function addArray($vals)
 	{
 		if ($this->mytype != 0)
 		{
@@ -1303,7 +1269,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-	function addStruct($vals)
+	public function addStruct($vals)
 	{
 		if ($this->mytype != 0)
 		{
@@ -1315,7 +1281,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-	function kindOf()
+	public function kindOf()
 	{
 		switch($this->mytype)
 		{
@@ -1333,7 +1299,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		}
 	}
 
-	function serializedata($typ, $val)
+	public function serializedata($typ, $val)
 	{
 		$rs = '';
 
@@ -1345,20 +1311,18 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 				reset($val);
 				while (list($key2, $val2) = each($val))
 				{
-					$rs .= "<member>\n<name>{$key2}</name>\n";
-					$rs .= $this->serializeval($val2);
-					$rs .= "</member>\n";
+					$rs .= "<member>\n<name>{$key2}</name>\n".$this->serializeval($val2)."</member>\n";
 				}
 				$rs .= '</struct>';
 			break;
 			case 2:
 				// array
 				$rs .= "<array>\n<data>\n";
-				for($i=0; $i < count($val); $i++)
+				for($i = 0, $c = count($val); $i < $c; $i++)
 				{
 					$rs .= $this->serializeval($val[$i]);
 				}
-				$rs.="</data>\n</array>\n";
+				$rs .= "</data>\n</array>\n";
 				break;
 			case 1:
 				// others
@@ -1383,26 +1347,24 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		return $rs;
 	}
 
-	function serialize_class()
+	public function serialize_class()
 	{
 		return $this->serializeval($this);
 	}
 
-	function serializeval($o)
+	public function serializeval($o)
 	{
 		$ar = $o->me;
 		reset($ar);
 
 		list($typ, $val) = each($ar);
-		$rs = "<value>\n".$this->serializedata($typ, $val)."</value>\n";
-		return $rs;
+		return "<value>\n".$this->serializedata($typ, $val)."</value>\n";
 	}
 
-	function scalarval()
+	public function scalarval()
 	{
 		reset($this->me);
-		list($a,$b) = each($this->me);
-		return $b;
+		return current($this->me);
 	}
 
 
@@ -1412,24 +1374,13 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 
 	// Useful for sending time in XML-RPC
 
-	function iso8601_encode($time, $utc=0)
+	public function iso8601_encode($time, $utc = 0)
 	{
-		if ($utc == 1)
-		{
-			$t = strftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%i:%s", $time);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			if (function_exists('gmstrftime'))
-				$t = gmstrftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%i:%s", $time);
-			else
-				$t = strftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%i:%s", $time - date('Z'));
-		}
-		return $t;
+		return ($utc) ? strftime('%Y%m%dT%H:%i:%s', $time) : gmstrftime('%Y%m%dT%H:%i:%s', $time);
 	}
 
 }
 // END XML_RPC_Values Class
 
 /* End of file Xmlrpc.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php */