updated and merged user guide with develop branch.

6 files changed, 354 insertions, 290 deletions

diff --git a/system/libraries/Email.php b/system/libraries/Email.php
index 922107e9f..8d839d0c9 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Email.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Email.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Email Class
  *
@@ -40,55 +38,55 @@
  */
 class CI_Email {
 
-	public $useragent		= "CodeIgniter";
-	public $mailpath		= "/usr/sbin/sendmail";	// Sendmail path
-	public $protocol		= "mail";	// mail/sendmail/smtp
-	public $smtp_host		= "";		// SMTP Server.  Example: mail.earthlink.net
-	public $smtp_user		= "";		// SMTP Username
-	public $smtp_pass		= "";		// SMTP Password
-	public $smtp_port		= "25";		// SMTP Port
-	public $smtp_timeout	= 5;		// SMTP Timeout in seconds
-	public $smtp_crypto	= "";		// SMTP Encryption. Can be null, tls or ssl.
-	public $wordwrap		= TRUE;		// TRUE/FALSE  Turns word-wrap on/off
-	public $wrapchars		= "76";		// Number of characters to wrap at.
-	public $mailtype		= "text";	// text/html  Defines email formatting
-	public $charset		= "utf-8";	// Default char set: iso-8859-1 or us-ascii
-	public $multipart		= "mixed";	// "mixed" (in the body) or "related" (separate)
-	public $alt_message	= '';		// Alternative message for HTML emails
-	public $validate		= FALSE;	// TRUE/FALSE.  Enables email validation
-	public $priority		= "3";		// Default priority (1 - 5)
-	public $newline		= "\n";		// Default newline. "\r\n" or "\n" (Use "\r\n" to comply with RFC 822)
-	public $crlf			= "\n";		// The RFC 2045 compliant CRLF for quoted-printable is "\r\n".  Apparently some servers,
+	public $useragent	= 'CodeIgniter';
+	public $mailpath	= '/usr/sbin/sendmail';	// Sendmail path
+	public $protocol	= 'mail';		// mail/sendmail/smtp
+	public $smtp_host	= '';			// SMTP Server. Example: mail.earthlink.net
+	public $smtp_user	= '';			// SMTP Username
+	public $smtp_pass	= '';			// SMTP Password
+	public $smtp_port	= 25;			// SMTP Port
+	public $smtp_timeout	= 5;			// SMTP Timeout in seconds
+	public $smtp_crypto	= '';			// SMTP Encryption. Can be null, tls or ssl.
+	public $wordwrap	= TRUE;			// TRUE/FALSE  Turns word-wrap on/off
+	public $wrapchars	= 76;			// Number of characters to wrap at.
+	public $mailtype	= 'text';		// text/html  Defines email formatting
+	public $charset		= 'utf-8';		// Default char set: iso-8859-1 or us-ascii
+	public $multipart	= 'mixed';		// "mixed" (in the body) or "related" (separate)
+	public $alt_message	= '';			// Alternative message for HTML emails
+	public $validate	= FALSE;		// TRUE/FALSE.  Enables email validation
+	public $priority	= 3;			// Default priority (1 - 5)
+	public $newline		= "\n";			// Default newline. "\r\n" or "\n" (Use "\r\n" to comply with RFC 822)
+	public $crlf		= "\n";			// The RFC 2045 compliant CRLF for quoted-printable is "\r\n".  Apparently some servers,
 									// even on the receiving end think they need to muck with CRLFs, so using "\n", while
 									// distasteful, is the only thing that seems to work for all environments.
 	public $send_multipart	= TRUE;		// TRUE/FALSE - Yahoo does not like multipart alternative, so this is an override.  Set to FALSE for Yahoo.
-	public $bcc_batch_mode	= FALSE;	// TRUE/FALSE  Turns on/off Bcc batch feature
+	public $bcc_batch_mode	= FALSE;	// TRUE/FALSE - Turns on/off Bcc batch feature
 	public $bcc_batch_size	= 200;		// If bcc_batch_mode = TRUE, sets max number of Bccs in each batch
-	private $_safe_mode		= FALSE;
-	private $_subject		= "";
-	private $_body			= "";
-	private $_finalbody		= "";
-	private $_alt_boundary	= "";
-	private $_atc_boundary	= "";
-	private $_header_str	= "";
-	private $_smtp_connect	= "";
-	private $_encoding		= "8bit";
-	private $_IP			= FALSE;
-	private $_smtp_auth		= FALSE;
-	private $_replyto_flag	= FALSE;
-	private $_debug_msg		= array();
-	private $_recipients	= array();
-	private $_cc_array		= array();
-	private $_bcc_array		= array();
-	private $_headers		= array();
-	private $_attach_name	= array();
-	private $_attach_type	= array();
-	private $_attach_disp	= array();
-	private $_protocols		= array('mail', 'sendmail', 'smtp');
-	private $_base_charsets	= array('us-ascii', 'iso-2022-');	// 7-bit charsets (excluding language suffix)
-	private $_bit_depths	= array('7bit', '8bit');
-	private $_priorities	= array('1 (Highest)', '2 (High)', '3 (Normal)', '4 (Low)', '5 (Lowest)');
 
+	protected $_safe_mode		= FALSE;
+	protected $_subject		= '';
+	protected $_body		= '';
+	protected $_finalbody		= '';
+	protected $_alt_boundary	= '';
+	protected $_atc_boundary	= '';
+	protected $_header_str		= '';
+	protected $_smtp_connect	= '';
+	protected $_encoding		= '8bit';
+	protected $_IP			= FALSE;
+	protected $_smtp_auth		= FALSE;
+	protected $_replyto_flag	= FALSE;
+	protected $_debug_msg		= array();
+	protected $_recipients		= array();
+	protected $_cc_array		= array();
+	protected $_bcc_array		= array();
+	protected $_headers		= array();
+	protected $_attach_name		= array();
+	protected $_attach_type		= array();
+	protected $_attach_disp		= array();
+	protected $_protocols		= array('mail', 'sendmail', 'smtp');
+	protected $_base_charsets	= array('us-ascii', 'iso-2022-');	// 7-bit charsets (excluding language suffix)
+	protected $_bit_depths		= array('7bit', '8bit');
+	protected $_priorities		= array('1 (Highest)', '2 (High)', '3 (Normal)', '4 (Low)', '5 (Lowest)');
 
 	/**
 	 * Constructor - Sets Email Preferences
@@ -103,11 +101,11 @@ class CI_Email {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$this->_smtp_auth = ($this->smtp_user == '' AND $this->smtp_pass == '') ? FALSE : TRUE;
-			$this->_safe_mode = (bool) @ini_get("safe_mode");
+			$this->_smtp_auth = ! ($this->smtp_user == '' && $this->smtp_pass == '');
+			$this->_safe_mode = (bool) @ini_get('safe_mode');
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', "Email Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Email Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -115,7 +113,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Initialize preferences
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
@@ -139,8 +136,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 		}
 		$this->clear();
 
-		$this->_smtp_auth = ($this->smtp_user == '' AND $this->smtp_pass == '') ? FALSE : TRUE;
-		$this->_safe_mode = (bool) @ini_get("safe_mode");
+		$this->_smtp_auth = ! ($this->smtp_user == '' && $this->smtp_pass == '');
+		$this->_safe_mode = (bool) @ini_get('safe_mode');
 
 		return $this;
 	}
@@ -150,17 +147,16 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Initialize the Email Data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	bool
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function clear($clear_attachments = FALSE)
 	{
-		$this->_subject		= "";
-		$this->_body		= "";
-		$this->_finalbody	= "";
-		$this->_header_str	= "";
-		$this->_replyto_flag = FALSE;
+		$this->_subject		= '';
+		$this->_body		= '';
+		$this->_finalbody	= '';
+		$this->_header_str	= '';
+		$this->_replyto_flag	= FALSE;
 		$this->_recipients	= array();
 		$this->_cc_array	= array();
 		$this->_bcc_array	= array();
@@ -185,14 +181,13 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set FROM
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function from($from, $name = '')
 	{
-		if (preg_match( '/\<(.*)\>/', $from, $match))
+		if (preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $from, $match))
 		{
 			$from = $match[1];
 		}
@@ -228,14 +223,13 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Reply-to
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function reply_to($replyto, $name = '')
 	{
-		if (preg_match( '/\<(.*)\>/', $replyto, $match))
+		if (preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $replyto, $match))
 		{
 			$replyto = $match[1];
 		}
@@ -266,9 +260,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Recipients
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function to($to)
 	{
@@ -282,17 +275,17 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		if ($this->_get_protocol() !== 'mail')
 		{
-			$this->_set_header('To', implode(", ", $to));
+			$this->_set_header('To', implode(', ', $to));
 		}
 
 		switch ($this->_get_protocol())
 		{
-			case 'smtp'		:
+			case 'smtp':
 				$this->_recipients = $to;
 			break;
-			case 'sendmail'	:
-			case 'mail'		:
-				$this->_recipients = implode(", ", $to);
+			case 'sendmail':
+			case 'mail':
+				$this->_recipients = implode(', ', $to);
 			break;
 		}
 
@@ -304,9 +297,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set CC
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function cc($cc)
 	{
@@ -318,7 +310,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			$this->validate_email($cc);
 		}
 
-		$this->_set_header('Cc', implode(", ", $cc));
+		$this->_set_header('Cc', implode(', ', $cc));
 
 		if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'smtp')
 		{
@@ -333,10 +325,9 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set BCC
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function bcc($bcc, $limit = '')
 	{
@@ -360,7 +351,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$this->_set_header('Bcc', implode(", ", $bcc));
+			$this->_set_header('Bcc', implode(', ', $bcc));
 		}
 
 		return $this;
@@ -371,9 +362,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Email Subject
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function subject($subject)
 	{
@@ -387,13 +377,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Body
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function message($body)
 	{
-		$this->_body = rtrim(str_replace("\r", "", $body));
+		$this->_body = rtrim(str_replace("\r", '', $body));
 
 		/* strip slashes only if magic quotes is ON
 		   if we do it with magic quotes OFF, it strips real, user-inputted chars.
@@ -414,9 +403,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Assign file attachments
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function attach($filename, $disposition = '', $newname = NULL)
 	{
@@ -431,7 +419,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Add a Header Item
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
@@ -446,7 +433,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Convert a String to an Array
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
@@ -460,8 +446,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$email = trim($email);
-				settype($email, "array");
+				$email = (array) trim($email);
 			}
 		}
 		return $email;
@@ -472,9 +457,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Multipart Value
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_alt_message($str = '')
 	{
@@ -487,9 +471,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Mailtype
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_mailtype($type = 'text')
 	{
@@ -502,9 +485,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Wordwrap
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	bool
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_wordwrap($wordwrap = TRUE)
 	{
@@ -517,13 +499,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Protocol
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_protocol($protocol = 'mail')
 	{
-		$this->protocol = ( ! in_array($protocol, $this->_protocols, TRUE)) ? 'mail' : strtolower($protocol);
+		$this->protocol = in_array($protocol, $this->_protocols, TRUE) ? strtolower($protocol) : 'mail';
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -532,19 +513,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Priority
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	integer
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @param	int
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_priority($n = 3)
 	{
-		if ( ! is_numeric($n) OR $n < 1 OR $n > 5)
-		{
-			$this->priority = 3;
-			return;
-		}
-
-		$this->priority = (int) $n;
+		$this->priority = preg_match('/^[1-5]$/', $n) ? (int) $n : 3;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -553,9 +527,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Newline Character
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_newline($newline = "\n")
 	{
@@ -568,13 +541,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set CRLF
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public function set_crlf($crlf = "\n")
 	{
-		$this->crlf = ($crlf !== "\n" AND $crlf !== "\r\n" AND $crlf !== "\r") ? "\n" : $crlf;
+		$this->crlf = ($crlf !== "\n" && $crlf !== "\r\n" && $crlf !== "\r") ? "\n" : $crlf;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -583,13 +555,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Message Boundary
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	protected function _set_boundaries()
 	{
-		$this->_alt_boundary = "B_ALT_".uniqid(''); // multipart/alternative
-		$this->_atc_boundary = "B_ATC_".uniqid(''); // attachment boundary
+		$this->_alt_boundary = 'B_ALT_'.uniqid(''); // multipart/alternative
+		$this->_atc_boundary = 'B_ATC_'.uniqid(''); // attachment boundary
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -597,14 +568,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Get the Message ID
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _get_message_id()
 	{
 		$from = str_replace(array('>', '<'), '', $this->_headers['Return-Path']);
-
-		return  "<".uniqid('').strstr($from, '@').">";
+		return  '<'.uniqid('').strstr($from, '@').'>';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -612,14 +581,13 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Get Mail Protocol
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	bool
-	 * @return	string
+	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
 	protected function _get_protocol($return = TRUE)
 	{
 		$this->protocol = strtolower($this->protocol);
-		$this->protocol = ( ! in_array($this->protocol, $this->_protocols, TRUE)) ? 'mail' : $this->protocol;
+		in_array($this->protocol, $this->_protocols, TRUE) OR $this->protocol = 'mail';
 
 		if ($return == TRUE)
 		{
@@ -632,13 +600,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Get Mail Encoding
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _get_encoding($return = TRUE)
 	{
-		$this->_encoding = ( ! in_array($this->_encoding, $this->_bit_depths)) ? '8bit' : $this->_encoding;
+		in_array($this->_encoding, $this->_bit_depths) OR $this->_encoding = '8bit';
 
 		foreach ($this->_base_charsets as $charset)
 		{
@@ -659,7 +626,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Get content type (text/html/attachment)
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _get_content_type()
@@ -687,17 +653,16 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set RFC 822 Date
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _set_date()
 	{
-		$timezone = date("Z");
+		$timezone = date('Z');
 		$operator = (strncmp($timezone, '-', 1) === 0) ? '-' : '+';
 		$timezone = abs($timezone);
 		$timezone = floor($timezone/3600) * 100 + ($timezone % 3600) / 60;
 
-		return sprintf("%s %s%04d", date("D, j M Y H:i:s"), $operator, $timezone);
+		return sprintf('%s %s%04d', date('D, j M Y H:i:s'), $operator, $timezone);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -705,12 +670,11 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Mime message
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _get_mime_message()
 	{
-		return "This is a multi-part message in MIME format.".$this->newline."Your email application may not support this format.";
+		return 'This is a multi-part message in MIME format.'.$this->newline.'Your email application may not support this format.';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -718,7 +682,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Validate Email Address
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
@@ -747,13 +710,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Email Validation
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function valid_email($address)
 	{
-		return (bool) preg_match("/^([a-z0-9\+_\-]+)(\.[a-z0-9\+_\-]+)*@([a-z0-9\-]+\.)+[a-z]{2,6}$/ix", $address);
+		return (bool) preg_match('/^([a-z0-9\+_\-]+)(\.[a-z0-9\+_\-]+)*@([a-z0-9\-]+\.)+[a-z]{2,6}$/ix', $address);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -761,7 +723,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Clean Extended Email Address: Joe Smith <joe@smith.com>
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -776,7 +737,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		foreach ($email as $addy)
 		{
-			$clean_email[] = (preg_match( '/\<(.*)\>/', $addy, $match)) ? $match[1] : $addy;
+			$clean_email[] = preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $addy, $match) ? $match[1] : $addy;
 		}
 
 		return $clean_email;
@@ -792,12 +753,11 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 * If the user hasn't specified his own alternative message
 	 * it creates one by stripping the HTML
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _get_alt_message()
 	{
-		if ($this->alt_message != "")
+		if ($this->alt_message != '')
 		{
 			return $this->word_wrap($this->alt_message, '76');
 		}
@@ -818,9 +778,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Word Wrap
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	integer
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function word_wrap($str, $charlim = '')
@@ -911,8 +870,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Build final headers
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
-	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _build_headers()
@@ -929,7 +886,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Write Headers as a string
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	protected function _write_headers()
@@ -964,12 +920,11 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Build Final Body and attachments
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	protected function _build_message()
 	{
-		if ($this->wordwrap === TRUE AND $this->mailtype !== 'html')
+		if ($this->wordwrap === TRUE && $this->mailtype !== 'html')
 		{
 			$this->_body = $this->word_wrap($this->_body);
 		}
@@ -1131,9 +1086,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 * Prepares string for Quoted-Printable Content-Transfer-Encoding
 	 * Refer to RFC 2045 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	integer
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _prep_quoted_printable($str, $charlim = '')
@@ -1203,9 +1157,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		}
 
 		// get rid of extra CRLF tacked onto the end
-		$output = substr($output, 0, strlen($this->crlf) * -1);
-
-		return $output;
+		return substr($output, 0, strlen($this->crlf) * -1);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1216,10 +1168,9 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 * Performs "Q Encoding" on a string for use in email headers.  It's related
 	 * but not identical to quoted-printable, so it has its own method
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	str
-	 * @param	bool	// set to TRUE for processing From: headers
-	 * @return	str
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @param	bool	set to TRUE for processing From: headers
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _prep_q_encoding($str, $from = FALSE)
 	{
@@ -1275,9 +1226,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		// wrap each line with the shebang, charset, and transfer encoding
 		// the preceding space on successive lines is required for header "folding"
-		$str = trim(preg_replace('/^(.*)$/m', ' =?'.$this->charset.'?Q?$1?=', $str));
-
-		return $str;
+		return trim(preg_replace('/^(.*)$/m', ' =?'.$this->charset.'?Q?$1?=', $str));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1285,7 +1234,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Send Email
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function send()
@@ -1295,9 +1243,9 @@ class CI_Email {
 			$this->reply_to($this->_headers['From']);
 		}
 
-		if (( ! isset($this->_recipients) AND ! isset($this->_headers['To']))  AND
-			( ! isset($this->_bcc_array) AND ! isset($this->_headers['Bcc'])) AND
-			( ! isset($this->_headers['Cc'])))
+		if ( ! isset($this->_recipients) && ! isset($this->_headers['To'])
+			&& ! isset($this->_bcc_array) && ! isset($this->_headers['Bcc'])
+			&& ! isset($this->_headers['Cc']))
 		{
 			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_no_recipients');
 			return FALSE;
@@ -1305,44 +1253,40 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		$this->_build_headers();
 
-		if ($this->bcc_batch_mode AND count($this->_bcc_array) > $this->bcc_batch_size)
+		if ($this->bcc_batch_mode && count($this->_bcc_array) > $this->bcc_batch_size)
 		{
 			return $this->batch_bcc_send();
 		}
 
 		$this->_build_message();
-
 		return $this->_spool_email();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Batch Bcc Send.  Sends groups of BCCs in batches
+	 * Batch Bcc Send. Sends groups of BCCs in batches
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function batch_bcc_send()
 	{
-		$float = $this->bcc_batch_size -1;
-
-		$set = "";
-
+		$float = $this->bcc_batch_size - 1;
+		$set = '';
 		$chunk = array();
 
 		for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->_bcc_array); $i < $c; $i++)
 		{
 			if (isset($this->_bcc_array[$i]))
 			{
-				$set .= ", ".$this->_bcc_array[$i];
+				$set .= ', '.$this->_bcc_array[$i];
 			}
 
 			if ($i == $float)
 			{
 				$chunk[] = substr($set, 1);
 				$float += $this->bcc_batch_size;
-				$set = "";
+				$set = '';
 			}
 
 			if ($i === $c-1)
@@ -1359,7 +1303,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 			if ($this->protocol !== 'smtp')
 			{
-				$this->_set_header('Bcc', implode(", ", $bcc));
+				$this->_set_header('Bcc', implode(', ', $bcc));
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -1376,7 +1320,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Unwrap special elements
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	protected function _unwrap_specials()
@@ -1389,7 +1332,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Strip line-breaks via callback
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _remove_nl_callback($matches)
@@ -1407,7 +1349,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Spool mail to the mail server
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _spool_email()
@@ -1418,6 +1359,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		if ( ! $this->$method())
 		{
 			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_send_failure_' . ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail' ? 'phpmail' : $this->_get_protocol()));
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_sent', $this->_get_protocol());
@@ -1429,7 +1371,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Send using mail()
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _send_with_mail()
@@ -1451,7 +1392,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Send using Sendmail
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _send_with_sendmail()
@@ -1484,7 +1424,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Send using SMTP
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _send_with_smtp()
@@ -1495,8 +1434,10 @@ class CI_Email {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$this->_smtp_connect();
-		$this->_smtp_authenticate();
+		if ( ! $this->_smtp_connect() OR ! $this->_smtp_authenticate())
+		{
+			return FALSE;
+		}
 
 		$this->_send_command('from', $this->clean_email($this->_headers['From']));
 
@@ -1553,7 +1494,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * SMTP Connect
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -1597,7 +1537,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Send SMTP command
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
@@ -1670,7 +1609,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 *  SMTP Authenticate
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _smtp_authenticate()
@@ -1680,7 +1618,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			return TRUE;
 		}
 
-		if ($this->smtp_user == ""  AND  $this->smtp_pass == "")
+		if ($this->smtp_user == '' && $this->smtp_pass == '')
 		{
 			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_no_smtp_unpw');
 			return FALSE;
@@ -1724,7 +1662,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Send SMTP data
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _send_data($data)
@@ -1743,7 +1680,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Get SMTP data
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _get_smtp_data()
@@ -1768,12 +1704,11 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Get Hostname
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _get_hostname()
 	{
-		return (isset($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])) ? $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] : 'localhost.localdomain';
+		return isset($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME']) ? $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] : 'localhost.localdomain';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1781,7 +1716,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Get IP
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _get_ip()
@@ -1791,13 +1725,13 @@ class CI_Email {
 			return $this->_IP;
 		}
 
-		$cip = (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) AND $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] != "") ? $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] : FALSE;
-		$rip = (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) AND $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] != "") ? $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] : FALSE;
+		$cip = ( ! empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] : FALSE;
+		$rip = ( ! empty($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) ? $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] : FALSE;
 		if ($cip) $this->_IP = $cip;
 		elseif ($rip) $this->_IP = $rip;
 		else
 		{
-			$fip = (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']) AND $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] != "") ? $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] : FALSE;
+			$fip = ( ! empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] : FALSE;
 			if ($fip)
 			{
 				$this->_IP = $fip;
@@ -1810,7 +1744,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			$this->_IP = end($x);
 		}
 
-		if ( ! preg_match( "/^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$/", $this->_IP))
+		if ( ! preg_match('/^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$/', $this->_IP))
 		{
 			$this->_IP = '0.0.0.0';
 		}
@@ -1823,7 +1757,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Get Debug Message
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function print_debugger()
@@ -1838,8 +1771,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			}
 		}
 
-		$msg .= "<pre>".$this->_header_str."\n".htmlspecialchars($this->_subject)."\n".htmlspecialchars($this->_finalbody).'</pre>';
-		return $msg;
+		return $msg.'<pre>'.$this->_header_str."\n".htmlspecialchars($this->_subject)."\n".htmlspecialchars($this->_finalbody).'</pre>';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1847,16 +1779,15 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Set Message
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	protected function _set_error_message($msg, $val = '')
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 		$CI->lang->load('email');
 
-		if (substr($msg, 0, 5) !== 'lang:' || FALSE === ($line = $CI->lang->line(substr($msg, 5))))
+		if (substr($msg, 0, 5) !== 'lang:' OR FALSE === ($line = $CI->lang->line(substr($msg, 5))))
 		{
 			$this->_debug_msg[] = str_replace('%s', $val, $msg)."<br />";
 		}
@@ -1871,13 +1802,13 @@ class CI_Email {
 	/**
 	 * Mime Types
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	protected function _mime_types($ext = "")
+	protected function _mime_types($ext = '')
 	{
-		$mimes = array(	'hqx'	=>	'application/mac-binhex40',
+		$mimes = array(
+						'hqx'	=>	'application/mac-binhex40',
 						'cpt'	=>	'application/mac-compactpro',
 						'doc'	=>	'application/msword',
 						'bin'	=>	'application/macbinary',
@@ -1966,11 +1897,10 @@ class CI_Email {
 						'eml'	=>	'message/rfc822'
 					);
 
-		return ( ! isset($mimes[strtolower($ext)])) ? "application/x-unknown-content-type" : $mimes[strtolower($ext)];
+		return isset($mimes[strtolower($ext)]) ? $mimes[strtolower($ext)] : 'application/x-unknown-content-type';
 	}
 
 }
-// END CI_Email class
 
 /* End of file Email.php */
 /* Location: ./system/libraries/Email.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Form_validation.php b/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
index 0a6a2af0d..cdb3d3d62 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
@@ -47,10 +47,8 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	protected $_error_suffix		= '</p>';
 	protected $error_string			= '';
 	protected $_safe_form_data		= FALSE;
+	protected $validation_data		= array();
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 */
 	public function __construct($rules = array())
 	{
 		$this->CI =& get_instance();
@@ -85,7 +83,8 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	public function set_rules($field, $label = '', $rules = '')
 	{
 		// No reason to set rules if we have no POST data
-		if (count($_POST) === 0)
+		// or a validation array has not been specified
+		if (count($_POST) === 0 && count($this->validation_data) === 0)
 		{
 			return $this;
 		}
@@ -162,10 +161,33 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * By default, form validation uses the $_POST array to validate
+	 *
+	 * If an array is set through this method, then this array will
+	 * be used instead of the $_POST array
+	 * 
+	 * Note that if you are validating multiple arrays, then the 
+	 * reset_validation() function should be called after validating 
+	 * each array due to the limitations of CI's singleton
+	 *
+	 * @param	array	$data
+	 * @return	void
+	 */
+	public function set_data($data = '')
+	{
+		if ( ! empty($data) && is_array($data))
+		{
+			$this->validation_data = $data;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Set Error Message
 	 *
 	 * Lets users set their own error messages on the fly.  Note:  The key
-	 * name has to match the  function name that it corresponds to.
+	 * name has to match the function name that it corresponds to.
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
@@ -235,6 +257,20 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Get Array of Error Messages
+	 *
+	 * Returns the error messages as an array
+	 *
+	 * @return	array
+	 */
+	public function error_array()
+	{
+		return $this->_error_array;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Error String
 	 *
 	 * Returns the error messages as a string, wrapped in the error delimiters
@@ -286,7 +322,8 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	public function run($group = '')
 	{
 		// Do we even have any data to process?  Mm?
-		if (count($_POST) === 0)
+		$validation_array = ( ! empty($this->validation_data)) ? $this->validation_data : $_POST;
+		if (count($validation_array) === 0)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -328,18 +365,18 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 		// corresponding $_POST item and test for errors
 		foreach ($this->_field_data as $field => $row)
 		{
-			// Fetch the data from the corresponding $_POST array and cache it in the _field_data array.
+			// Fetch the data from the corresponding $_POST or validation array and cache it in the _field_data array.
 			// Depending on whether the field name is an array or a string will determine where we get it from.
 
 			if ($row['is_array'] === TRUE)
 			{
-				$this->_field_data[$field]['postdata'] = $this->_reduce_array($_POST, $row['keys']);
+				$this->_field_data[$field]['postdata'] = $this->_reduce_array($validation_array, $row['keys']);
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				if (isset($_POST[$field]) AND $_POST[$field] != "")
+				if (isset($validation_array[$field]) AND $validation_array[$field] != "")
 				{
-					$this->_field_data[$field]['postdata'] = $_POST[$field];
+					$this->_field_data[$field]['postdata'] = $validation_array[$field];
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -703,11 +740,11 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	the field name
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function set_value($field = '', $default = '')
 	{
-		if ( ! isset($this->_field_data[$field]))
+		if ( ! isset($this->_field_data[$field], $this->_field_data[$field]['postdata']))
 		{
 			return $default;
 		}
@@ -736,13 +773,9 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 */
 	public function set_select($field = '', $value = '', $default = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ( ! isset($this->_field_data[$field]) OR ! isset($this->_field_data[$field]['postdata']))
+		if ( ! isset($this->_field_data[$field], $this->_field_data[$field]['postdata']))
 		{
-			if ($default === TRUE AND count($this->_field_data) === 0)
-			{
-				return ' selected="selected"';
-			}
-			return '';
+			return ($default === TRUE && count($this->_field_data) === 0) ? ' selected="selected"' : '';
 		}
 
 		$field = $this->_field_data[$field]['postdata'];
@@ -754,12 +787,9 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 				return '';
 			}
 		}
-		else
+		elseif (($field == '' OR $value == '') OR ($field != $value))
 		{
-			if (($field == '' OR $value == '') OR ($field != $value))
-			{
-				return '';
-			}
+			return '';
 		}
 
 		return ' selected="selected"';
@@ -779,13 +809,9 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 */
 	public function set_radio($field = '', $value = '', $default = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ( ! isset($this->_field_data[$field]) OR ! isset($this->_field_data[$field]['postdata']))
+		if ( ! isset($this->_field_data[$field], $this->_field_data[$field]['postdata']))
 		{
-			if ($default === TRUE AND count($this->_field_data) === 0)
-			{
-				return ' checked="checked"';
-			}
-			return '';
+			return ($default === TRUE && count($this->_field_data) === 0) ? ' checked="checked"' : '';
 		}
 
 		$field = $this->_field_data[$field]['postdata'];
@@ -864,14 +890,13 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 */
 	public function matches($str, $field)
 	{
-		if ( ! isset($_POST[$field]))
+		$validation_array = ( ! empty($this->validation_data)) ? $this->validation_data : $_POST;
+		if ( ! isset($validation_array[$field]))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$field = $_POST[$field];
-
-		return ($str === $field);
+		return ($str === $validation_array[$field]);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -908,7 +933,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 */
 	public function min_length($str, $val)
 	{
-		if (preg_match("/[^0-9]/", $val))
+		if (preg_match('/[^0-9]/', $val))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -932,7 +957,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 */
 	public function max_length($str, $val)
 	{
-		if (preg_match("/[^0-9]/", $val))
+		if (preg_match('/[^0-9]/', $val))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -956,7 +981,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 */
 	public function exact_length($str, $val)
 	{
-		if (preg_match("/[^0-9]/", $val))
+		if (preg_match('/[^0-9]/', $val))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -1116,7 +1141,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Greather than
+	 * Greater than
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
@@ -1131,6 +1156,24 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+	
+	/**
+	 * Equal to or Greater than
+	 *
+	 * @access	public
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	function greater_than_equal_to($str, $min)
+	{
+		if ( ! is_numeric($str))
+		{
+			return FALSE;
+		}
+		return $str >= $min;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
 	 * Less than
@@ -1150,6 +1193,24 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Equal to or Less than
+	 *
+	 * @access	public
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	function less_than_equal_to($str, $max)
+	{
+		if ( ! is_numeric($str))
+		{
+			return FALSE;
+		}
+		return $str <= $max;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Is a Natural number  (0,1,2,3, etc.)
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
@@ -1170,7 +1231,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 */
 	public function is_natural_no_zero($str)
 	{
-		return ($str != 0 AND preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $str));
+		return ($str != 0 && preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $str));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1217,7 +1278,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 			return $data;
 		}
 
-		return str_replace(array("'", '"', '<', '>'), array("&#39;", "&quot;", '&lt;', '&gt;'), stripslashes($data));
+		return str_replace(array("'", '"', '<', '>'), array('&#39;', '&quot;', '&lt;', '&gt;'), stripslashes($data));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1282,8 +1343,26 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 		return str_replace(array('<?php', '<?PHP', '<?', '?>'),  array('&lt;?php', '&lt;?PHP', '&lt;?', '?&gt;'), $str);
 	}
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Reset validation vars
+	 *
+	 * Prevents subsequent validation routines from being affected by the
+	 * results of any previous validation routine due to the CI singleton.
+	 *
+	 * @return void
+	 */
+	public function reset_validation()
+	{
+		$this->_field_data = array();
+		$this->_config_rules = array();
+		$this->_error_array = array();
+		$this->_error_messages = array();
+		$this->error_string = '';
+	}
+
 }
-// END Form Validation Class
 
 /* End of file Form_validation.php */
 /* Location: ./system/libraries/Form_validation.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Image_lib.php b/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
index 5ea830fb1..9826eabdd 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			if (function_exists('realpath') && @realpath($this->new_image) !== FALSE)
+			if (strpos($this->new_image, '/') === FALSE AND strpos($this->new_image, '\\') === FALSE)
 			{
 				$full_dest_path = str_replace('\\', '/', realpath($this->new_image));
 			}
diff --git a/system/libraries/Profiler.php b/system/libraries/Profiler.php
index 89c616543..04216be5d 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Profiler.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Profiler.php
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 				}
 
 				$output .= "<tr><td style='width:50%;color:#000;background-color:#ddd;padding:5px'>&#36;_GET[".$key."]&nbsp;&nbsp; </td><td style='width:50%;padding:5px;color:#cd6e00;font-weight:normal;background-color:#ddd;'>"
-					. (is_array($val) ? "<pre>" . htmlspecialchars(stripslashes(print_r($val, true))) . "</pre>" : htmlspecialchars(stripslashes($val)))
+					. ((is_array($val) OR is_object($val)) ? "<pre>" . htmlspecialchars(stripslashes(print_r($val, true))) . "</pre>" : htmlspecialchars(stripslashes($val)))
 					. "</td></tr>\n";
 			}
 
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 				}
 
 				$output .= "<tr><td style='width:50%;padding:5px;color:#000;background-color:#ddd;'>&#36;_POST[".$key."]&nbsp;&nbsp; </td><td style='width:50%;padding:5px;color:#009900;font-weight:normal;background-color:#ddd;'>";
-				if (is_array($val))
+				if (is_array($val) OR is_object($val))
 				{
 					$output .= "<pre>" . htmlspecialchars(stripslashes(print_r($val, TRUE))) . "</pre>";
 				}
@@ -426,9 +426,9 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 			. '<legend style="color:#000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_config').'&nbsp;&nbsp;(<span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="var s=document.getElementById(\'ci_profiler_config_table\').style;s.display=s.display==\'none\'?\'\':\'none\';this.innerHTML=this.innerHTML==\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\'?\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_hide').'\':\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\';">'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'</span>)</legend>'
 			. "\n\n\n<table style='width:100%; display:none' id='ci_profiler_config_table'>\n";
 
-		foreach ($this->CI->config->config as $config=>$val)
+		foreach ($this->CI->config->config as $config => $val)
 		{
-			if (is_array($val))
+			if (is_array($val) OR is_object($val))
 			{
 				$val = print_r($val, TRUE);
 			}
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 
 		foreach ($this->CI->session->all_userdata() as $key => $val)
 		{
-			if (is_array($val) || is_object($val))
+			if (is_array($val) OR is_object($val))
 			{
 				$val = print_r($val, TRUE);
 			}
@@ -501,7 +501,5 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 	}
 }
 
-// END CI_Profiler class
-
 /* End of file Profiler.php */
 /* Location: ./system/libraries/Profiler.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session.php b/system/libraries/Session.php
index c14b11fa3..d90c7b42f 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Session.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session.php
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 				$this->CI->db->where('user_agent', $session['user_agent']);
 			}
 
-			$query = $this->CI->db->get($this->sess_table_name);
+			$query = $this->CI->db->limit(1)->get($this->sess_table_name);
 
 			// No result? Kill it!
 			if ($query->num_rows() === 0)
@@ -454,7 +454,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 */
 	public function userdata($item)
 	{
-		return ( ! isset($this->userdata[$item])) ? FALSE : $this->userdata[$item];
+		return isset($this->userdata[$item]) ? $this->userdata[$item] : FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 */
 	protected function _unserialize($data)
 	{
-		$data = @unserialize(strip_slashes($data));
+		$data = @unserialize(strip_slashes(trim($data)));
 
 		if (is_array($data))
 		{
@@ -760,9 +760,11 @@ class CI_Session {
 			return $data;
 		}
 
-		return (is_string($data)) ? str_replace('{{slash}}', '\\', $data) : $data;
+		return is_string($data) ? str_replace('{{slash}}', '\\', $data) : $data;
 	}
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	/**
 	 * Unescape slashes
 	 *
@@ -802,7 +804,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 		{
 			$expire = $this->now - $this->sess_expiration;
 
-			$this->CI->db->where("last_activity < {$expire}");
+			$this->CI->db->where('last_activity < '.$expire);
 			$this->CI->db->delete($this->sess_table_name);
 
 			log_message('debug', 'Session garbage collection performed.');
diff --git a/system/libraries/Upload.php b/system/libraries/Upload.php
index 0c63886e7..89575c849 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Upload.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Upload.php
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
@@ -593,16 +593,17 @@ class CI_Upload {
 	/**
 	 * Verify that the filetype is allowed
 	 *
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function is_allowed_filetype($ignore_mime = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ($this->allowed_types == '*')
+		if ($this->allowed_types === '*')
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
 
-		if (count($this->allowed_types) == 0 OR ! is_array($this->allowed_types))
+		if ( ! is_array($this->allowed_types) OR count($this->allowed_types) === 0)
 		{
 			$this->set_error('upload_no_file_types');
 			return FALSE;
@@ -618,12 +619,9 @@ class CI_Upload {
 		// Images get some additional checks
 		$image_types = array('gif', 'jpg', 'jpeg', 'png', 'jpe');
 
-		if (in_array($ext, $image_types))
+		if (in_array($ext, $image_types) && @getimagesize($this->file_temp) === FALSE)
 		{
-			if (getimagesize($this->file_temp) === FALSE)
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		if ($ignore_mime === TRUE)
@@ -640,7 +638,7 @@ class CI_Upload {
 				return TRUE;
 			}
 		}
-		elseif ($mime == $this->file_type)
+		elseif ($mime === $this->file_type)
 		{
 				return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -960,7 +958,7 @@ class CI_Upload {
 			}
 			elseif (is_file(APPPATH.'config/mimes.php'))
 			{
-				include(APPPATH.'config//mimes.php');
+				include(APPPATH.'config/mimes.php');
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -1026,47 +1024,104 @@ class CI_Upload {
 	 */
 	protected function _file_mime_type($file)
 	{
-		// Use if the Fileinfo extension, if available (only versions above 5.3 support the FILEINFO_MIME_TYPE flag)
-		if ( (float) substr(phpversion(), 0, 3) >= 5.3 && function_exists('finfo_file'))
+		// We'll need this to validate the MIME info string (e.g. text/plain; charset=us-ascii)
+		$regexp = '/^([a-z\-]+\/[a-z0-9\-\.\+]+)(;\s.+)?$/';
+
+		/* Fileinfo extension - most reliable method
+		 *
+		 * Unfortunately, prior to PHP 5.3 - it's only available as a PECL extension and the
+		 * more convenient FILEINFO_MIME_TYPE flag doesn't exist.
+		 */
+		if (function_exists('finfo_file'))
 		{
-			$finfo = new finfo(FILEINFO_MIME_TYPE);
-			if ($finfo !== FALSE) // This is possible, if there is no magic MIME database file found on the system
+			$finfo = finfo_open(FILEINFO_MIME);
+			if (is_resource($finfo)) // It is possible that a FALSE value is returned, if there is no magic MIME database file found on the system
 			{
-				$file_type = $finfo->file($file['tmp_name']);
+				$mime = @finfo_file($finfo, $file['tmp_name']);
+				finfo_close($finfo);
 
 				/* According to the comments section of the PHP manual page,
 				 * it is possible that this function returns an empty string
 				 * for some files (e.g. if they don't exist in the magic MIME database)
 				 */
-				if (strlen($file_type) > 1)
+				if (is_string($mime) && preg_match($regexp, $mime, $matches))
 				{
-					$this->file_type = $file_type;
+					$this->file_type = $matches[1];
 					return;
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
-		// Fall back to the deprecated mime_content_type(), if available
-		if (function_exists('mime_content_type'))
-		{
-			$this->file_type = @mime_content_type($file['tmp_name']);
-			return;
-		}
-
-		/* This is an ugly hack, but UNIX-type systems provide a native way to detect the file type,
-		 * which is still more secure than depending on the value of $_FILES[$field]['type'].
+		/* This is an ugly hack, but UNIX-type systems provide a "native" way to detect the file type,
+		 * which is still more secure than depending on the value of $_FILES[$field]['type'], and as it
+		 * was reported in issue #750 (https://github.com/EllisLab/CodeIgniter/issues/750) - it's better
+		 * than mime_content_type() as well, hence the attempts to try calling the command line with
+		 * three different functions.
 		 *
 		 * Notes:
-		 *	- a 'W' in the substr() expression bellow, would mean that we're using Windows
-		 *	- many system admins would disable the exec() function due to security concerns, hence the function_exists() check
+		 *	- the DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR comparison ensures that we're not on a Windows system
+		 *	- many system admins would disable the exec(), shell_exec(), popen() and similar functions
+		 *	  due to security concerns, hence the function_exists() checks
 		 */
-		if (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR !== '\\' && function_exists('exec'))
+		if (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR !== '\\')
+		{
+			$cmd = 'file --brief --mime ' . escapeshellarg($file['tmp_name']) . ' 2>&1';
+
+			if (function_exists('exec'))
+			{
+				/* This might look confusing, as $mime is being populated with all of the output when set in the second parameter.
+				 * However, we only neeed the last line, which is the actual return value of exec(), and as such - it overwrites
+				 * anything that could already be set for $mime previously. This effectively makes the second parameter a dummy
+				 * value, which is only put to allow us to get the return status code.
+				 */
+				$mime = @exec($cmd, $mime, $return_status);
+				if ($return_status === 0 && is_string($mime) && preg_match($regexp, $mime, $matches))
+				{
+					$this->file_type = $matches[1];
+					return;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if ( (bool) @ini_get('safe_mode') === FALSE && function_exists('shell_exec'))
+			{
+				$mime = @shell_exec($cmd);
+				if (strlen($mime) > 0)
+				{
+					$mime = explode("\n", trim($mime));
+					if (preg_match($regexp, $mime[(count($mime) - 1)], $matches))
+					{
+						$this->file_type = $matches[1];
+						return;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (function_exists('popen'))
+			{
+				$proc = @popen($cmd, 'r');
+				if (is_resource($proc))
+				{
+					$mime = @fread($proc, 512);
+					@pclose($proc);
+					if ($mime !== FALSE)
+					{
+						$mime = explode("\n", trim($mime));
+						if (preg_match($regexp, $mime[(count($mime) - 1)], $matches))
+						{
+							$this->file_type = $matches[1];
+							return;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Fall back to the deprecated mime_content_type(), if available (still better than $_FILES[$field]['type'])
+		if (function_exists('mime_content_type'))
 		{
-			$output = array();
-			@exec('file --brief --mime-type ' . escapeshellarg($file['tmp_path']), $output, $return_code);
-			if ($return_code === 0 && strlen($output[0]) > 0) // A return status code != 0 would mean failed execution
+			$this->file_type = @mime_content_type($file['tmp_name']);
+			if (strlen($this->file_type) > 0) // It's possible that mime_content_type() returns FALSE or an empty string
 			{
-				$this->file_type = rtrim($output[0]);
 				return;
 			}
 		}