Merge upstream

46 files changed, 657 insertions, 601 deletions

diff --git a/system/core/Benchmark.php b/system/core/Benchmark.php
index c17e95a19..bb630f40b 100755
--- a/system/core/Benchmark.php
+++ b/system/core/Benchmark.php
@@ -25,13 +25,11 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Benchmark Class
  *
  * This class enables you to mark points and calculate the time difference
- * between them.  Memory consumption can also be displayed.
+ * between them. Memory consumption can also be displayed.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
@@ -119,4 +117,4 @@ class CI_Benchmark {
 }
 
 /* End of file Benchmark.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Benchmark.php */
+/* Location: ./system/core/Benchmark.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/core/CodeIgniter.php b/system/core/CodeIgniter.php
index 349f9f2d0..00db6e13a 100755
--- a/system/core/CodeIgniter.php
+++ b/system/core/CodeIgniter.php
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
  * Loads the base classes and executes the request.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @subpackage	codeigniter
+ * @subpackage	CodeIgniter
  * @category	Front-controller
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/
diff --git a/system/core/Common.php b/system/core/Common.php
index 78aa6e874..8b897776f 100644
--- a/system/core/Common.php
+++ b/system/core/Common.php
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
  * Loads the base classes and executes the request.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @subpackage	codeigniter
+ * @subpackage	CodeIgniter
  * @category	Common Functions
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('is_php'))
 
 		if ( ! isset($_is_php[$version]))
 		{
-			$_is_php[$version] = (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, $version) < 0) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+			$_is_php[$version] = (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, $version) >= 0);
 		}
 
 		return $_is_php[$version];
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_exception_handler'))
 			$_error->show_php_error($severity, $message, $filepath, $line);
 		}
 
-		// Should we log the error?  No?  We're done...
+		// Should we log the error? No? We're done...
 		if (config_item('log_threshold') == 0)
 		{
 			return;
diff --git a/system/core/Config.php b/system/core/Config.php
index 9cebe6c86..c07ffa591 100755
--- a/system/core/Config.php
+++ b/system/core/Config.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Config Class
  *
@@ -46,14 +44,14 @@ class CI_Config {
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	public $config =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of all loaded config files
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	public $is_loaded =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of paths to search when trying to load a config file.
 	 * This must be public as it's used by the Loader class.
@@ -77,9 +75,9 @@ class CI_Config {
 		{
 			if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']))
 			{
-				$base_url = ! empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && strtolower($_SERVER['HTTPS']) !== 'off' ? 'https' : 'http';
-				$base_url .= '://'. $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']
-					. str_replace(basename($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']), '', $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']);
+				$base_url = ( ! empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && strtolower($_SERVER['HTTPS']) !== 'off') ? 'https' : 'http';
+				$base_url .= '://'.$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']
+					.str_replace(basename($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']), '', $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']);
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -96,9 +94,9 @@ class CI_Config {
 	 * Load Config File
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	the config file name
-	 * @param	boolean	if configuration values should be loaded into their own section
-	 * @param	boolean	true if errors should just return false, false if an error message should be displayed
-	 * @return	boolean	if the file was loaded correctly
+	 * @param	bool	if configuration values should be loaded into their own section
+	 * @param	bool	true if errors should just return false, false if an error message should be displayed
+	 * @return	bool	if the file was loaded correctly
 	 */
 	public function load($file = '', $use_sections = FALSE, $fail_gracefully = FALSE)
 	{
@@ -254,8 +252,8 @@ class CI_Config {
 	 * Base URL
 	 * Returns base_url [. uri_string]
 	 *
-	 * @param string $uri
-	 * @return string
+	 * @param	string	$uri
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function base_url($uri = '')
 	{
@@ -267,8 +265,8 @@ class CI_Config {
 	/**
 	 * Build URI string for use in Config::site_url() and Config::base_url()
 	 *
-	 * @param  mixed $uri
-	 * @return string
+	 * @param	mixed	$uri
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _uri_string($uri)
 	{
@@ -345,6 +343,7 @@ class CI_Config {
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
 }
 
 /* End of file Config.php */
diff --git a/system/core/Controller.php b/system/core/Controller.php
index 1f69146d0..491414807 100644
--- a/system/core/Controller.php
+++ b/system/core/Controller.php
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ class CI_Controller {
 
 	/**
 	 * Set up controller properties and methods
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
@@ -67,14 +69,15 @@ class CI_Controller {
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Return the CI object 
+	 * Return the CI object
 	 *
-	 * @return object
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
 	public static function &get_instance()
 	{
 		return self::$instance;
 	}
+
 }
 
 /* End of file Controller.php */
diff --git a/system/core/Exceptions.php b/system/core/Exceptions.php
index 2e9f0c766..965a717ad 100755
--- a/system/core/Exceptions.php
+++ b/system/core/Exceptions.php
@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ class CI_Exceptions {
 
 	/**
 	 * Initialize execption class
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
@@ -87,7 +89,7 @@ class CI_Exceptions {
 	 */
 	public function log_exception($severity, $message, $filepath, $line)
 	{
-		$severity = ( ! isset($this->levels[$severity])) ? $severity : $this->levels[$severity];
+		$severity = isset($this->levels[$severity]) ? $this->levels[$severity] : $severity;
 		log_message('error', 'Severity: '.$severity.'  --> '.$message. ' '.$filepath.' '.$line, TRUE);
 	}
 
@@ -127,14 +129,14 @@ class CI_Exceptions {
 	 * @param	string	the heading
 	 * @param	string	the message
 	 * @param	string	the template name
-	 * @param 	int		the status code
+	 * @param 	int	the status code
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function show_error($heading, $message, $template = 'error_general', $status_code = 500)
 	{
 		set_status_header($status_code);
 
-		$message = '<p>'.implode('</p><p>', ( ! is_array($message)) ? array($message) : $message).'</p>';
+		$message = '<p>'.implode('</p><p>', is_array($message) ? $message : array($message)).'</p>';
 
 		if (ob_get_level() > $this->ob_level + 1)
 		{
@@ -160,7 +162,7 @@ class CI_Exceptions {
 	 */
 	public function show_php_error($severity, $message, $filepath, $line)
 	{
-		$severity = ( ! isset($this->levels[$severity])) ? $severity : $this->levels[$severity];
+		$severity = isset($this->levels[$severity]) ? $this->levels[$severity] : $severity;
 		$filepath = str_replace('\\', '/', $filepath);
 
 		// For safety reasons we do not show the full file path
@@ -175,7 +177,7 @@ class CI_Exceptions {
 			ob_end_flush();
 		}
 		ob_start();
-		include(APPPATH.'errors/'.'error_php.php');
+		include(APPPATH.'errors/error_php.php');
 		$buffer = ob_get_contents();
 		ob_end_clean();
 		echo $buffer;
diff --git a/system/core/Hooks.php b/system/core/Hooks.php
index b42ecbe20..5bbb0009a 100755
--- a/system/core/Hooks.php
+++ b/system/core/Hooks.php
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ class CI_Hooks {
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
 	public $enabled =	FALSE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of all hooks set in config/hooks.php
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	public $hooks =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Determines wether hook is in progress, used to prevent infinte loops
 	 *
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ class CI_Hooks {
 
 		// If the script being called happens to have the same
 		// hook call within it a loop can happen
-		if ($this->in_progress == TRUE)
+		if ($this->in_progress === TRUE)
 		{
 			return;
 		}
diff --git a/system/core/Input.php b/system/core/Input.php
index fc2a550bc..e916ac66d 100755
--- a/system/core/Input.php
+++ b/system/core/Input.php
@@ -44,28 +44,28 @@ class CI_Input {
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $ip_address =	FALSE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * user agent (web browser) being used by the current user
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $user_agent =	FALSE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * If FALSE, then $_GET will be set to an empty array
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
 	protected $_allow_get_array =	TRUE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * If TRUE, then newlines are standardized
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
 	protected $_standardize_newlines =	TRUE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Determines whether the XSS filter is always active when GET, POST or COOKIE data is encountered
 	 * Set automatically based on config setting
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class CI_Input {
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
 	protected $_enable_xss =	FALSE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Enables a CSRF cookie token to be set.
 	 * Set automatically based on config setting
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class CI_Input {
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
 	protected $_enable_csrf =	FALSE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of all HTTP request headers
 	 *
@@ -94,6 +94,8 @@ class CI_Input {
 	 *
 	 * Sets whether to globally enable the XSS processing
 	 * and whether to allow the $_GET array
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
@@ -438,15 +440,7 @@ class CI_Input {
 		// This is effectively the same as register_globals = off
 		foreach (array($_GET, $_POST, $_COOKIE) as $global)
 		{
-			if ( ! is_array($global))
-			{
-				if ( ! in_array($global, $protected))
-				{
-					global $$global;
-					$$global = NULL;
-				}
-			}
-			else
+			if (is_array($global))
 			{
 				foreach ($global as $key => $val)
 				{
@@ -457,6 +451,11 @@ class CI_Input {
 					}
 				}
 			}
+			elseif ( ! in_array($global, $protected))
+			{
+				global $$global;
+				$$global = NULL;
+			}
 		}
 
 		// Is $_GET data allowed? If not we'll set the $_GET to an empty array
@@ -605,7 +604,7 @@ class CI_Input {
 	 * In Apache, you can simply call apache_request_headers(), however for
 	 * people running other webservers the function is undefined.
 	 *
-	 * @param	bool XSS cleaning
+	 * @param	bool	XSS cleaning
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	public function request_headers($xss_clean = FALSE)
diff --git a/system/core/Loader.php b/system/core/Loader.php
index bf7f6cb02..3eb09e6ab 100644
--- a/system/core/Loader.php
+++ b/system/core/Loader.php
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
- * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @category	Loader
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/loader.html
  */
 class CI_Loader {
@@ -45,77 +45,77 @@ class CI_Loader {
 	 * @var int
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_ob_level;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of paths to load views from
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_view_paths =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of paths to load libraries from
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_library_paths =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of paths to load models from
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_model_paths =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of paths to load helpers from
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_helper_paths =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of loaded base classes
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $_base_classes =	array(); // Set by the controller class
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of cached variables
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_cached_vars =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of loaded classes
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_classes =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of loaded files
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_loaded_files =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of loaded models
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_models =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of loaded helpers
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_helpers =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of class name mappings
 	 *
@@ -130,6 +130,8 @@ class CI_Loader {
 	 * Constructor
 	 *
 	 * Sets the path to the view files and gets the initial output buffering level
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
@@ -178,12 +180,7 @@ class CI_Loader {
 	 */
 	public function is_loaded($class)
 	{
-		if (isset($this->_ci_classes[$class]))
-		{
-			return $this->_ci_classes[$class];
-		}
-
-		return FALSE;
+		return isset($this->_ci_classes[$class]) ? $this->_ci_classes[$class] : FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1263,4 +1260,4 @@ class CI_Loader {
 }
 
 /* End of file Loader.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Loader.php */
+/* Location: ./system/core/Loader.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/core/Model.php b/system/core/Model.php
index 7c9971970..9bc9f879f 100755
--- a/system/core/Model.php
+++ b/system/core/Model.php
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ class CI_Model {
 
 	/**
 	 * Initialize CI_Model Class
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
@@ -57,6 +59,7 @@ class CI_Model {
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 		return $CI->$key;
 	}
+
 }
 
 /* End of file Model.php */
diff --git a/system/core/Output.php b/system/core/Output.php
index 513c657a6..c8feb4e67 100755
--- a/system/core/Output.php
+++ b/system/core/Output.php
@@ -44,49 +44,49 @@ class CI_Output {
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $final_output;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Cache expiration time
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
 	public $cache_expiration =	0;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of server headers
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	public $headers =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of mime types
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	public $mime_types =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Determines wether profiler is enabled
 	 *
 	 * @var book
 	 */
 	public $enable_profiler =	FALSE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Determines if output compression is enabled
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
 	protected $_zlib_oc =	FALSE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of profiler sections
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $_profiler_sections =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Whether or not to parse variables like {elapsed_time} and {memory_usage}
 	 *
@@ -96,6 +96,8 @@ class CI_Output {
 
 	/**
 	 * Set up Output class
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
@@ -177,7 +179,7 @@ class CI_Output {
 	 *
 	 * Lets you set a server header which will be outputted with the final display.
 	 *
-	 * Note:  If a file is cached, headers will not be sent.  We need to figure out
+	 * Note: If a file is cached, headers will not be sent. We need to figure out
 	 * how to permit header data to be saved with the cache data...
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
diff --git a/system/core/Router.php b/system/core/Router.php
index 9314052fe..5ea13797b 100755
--- a/system/core/Router.php
+++ b/system/core/Router.php
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
- * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @category	Libraries
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/routing.html
  */
 class CI_Router {
@@ -44,42 +44,42 @@ class CI_Router {
 	 * @var object
 	 */
 	public $config;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of routes
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	public $routes =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of error routes
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	public $error_routes =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Current class name
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
-	public $class =	'';
-	
+	public $class =		'';
+
 	/**
 	 * Current method name
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $method =	'index';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Sub-directory that contains the requested controller class
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $directory =	'';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Default controller (and method if specific)
 	 *
@@ -91,6 +91,8 @@ class CI_Router {
 	 * Constructor
 	 *
 	 * Runs the route mapping function.
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
@@ -433,12 +435,7 @@ class CI_Router {
 	 */
 	public function fetch_method()
 	{
-		if ($this->method == $this->fetch_class())
-		{
-			return 'index';
-		}
-
-		return $this->method;
+		return ($this->method == $this->fetch_class()) ? 'index' : $this->method;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/core/Security.php b/system/core/Security.php
index c82b69ff9..81b6602ae 100755
--- a/system/core/Security.php
+++ b/system/core/Security.php
@@ -102,9 +102,11 @@ class CI_Security {
 		'Redirect\s+302',
 		"([\"'])?data\s*:[^\\1]*?base64[^\\1]*?,[^\\1]*?\\1?"
 	);
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Initialize security class
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
@@ -201,11 +203,11 @@ class CI_Security {
 		}
 
 		setcookie(
-			$this->_csrf_cookie_name, 
-			$this->_csrf_hash, 
-			$expire, 
-			config_item('cookie_path'), 
-			config_item('cookie_domain'), 
+			$this->_csrf_cookie_name,
+			$this->_csrf_hash,
+			$expire,
+			config_item('cookie_path'),
+			config_item('cookie_domain'),
 			$secure_cookie,
 			config_item('cookie_httponly')
 		);
@@ -626,7 +628,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 			// replace illegal attribute strings that are inside an html tag
 			if (count($attribs) > 0)
 			{
-				$str = preg_replace("/<(\/?[^><]+?)([^A-Za-z<>\-])(.*?)(".implode('|', $attribs).")(.*?)([\s><])([><]*)/i", '<$1 $3$5$6$7', $str, -1, $count);
+				$str = preg_replace('/<(\/?[^><]+?)([^A-Za-z<>\-])(.*?)('.implode('|', $attribs).')(.*?)([\s><])([><]*)/i', '<$1 $3$5$6$7', $str, -1, $count);
 			}
 
 		} while ($count);
@@ -844,4 +846,4 @@ class CI_Security {
 }
 
 /* End of file Security.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Security.php */
+/* Location: ./system/core/Security.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/core/URI.php b/system/core/URI.php
index cf82c5838..e66cb6dc5 100755
--- a/system/core/URI.php
+++ b/system/core/URI.php
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
  * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
+ * @filesource
  */
 
 /**
@@ -43,21 +44,21 @@ class CI_URI {
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	public $keyval =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Current uri string
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $uri_string;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of uri segments
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	public $segments =	array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Re-indexed list of uri segments
 	 * Starts at 1 instead of 0
@@ -72,6 +73,8 @@ class CI_URI {
 	 * Simply globalizes the $RTR object. The front
 	 * loads the Router class early on so it's not available
 	 * normally as other classes are.
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
@@ -148,7 +151,7 @@ class CI_URI {
 			return;
 		}
 
-		$path = (isset($_SERVER[$uri])) ? $_SERVER[$uri] : @getenv($uri);
+		$path = isset($_SERVER[$uri]) ? $_SERVER[$uri] : @getenv($uri);
 		$this->_set_uri_string($path);
 	}
 
@@ -181,7 +184,7 @@ class CI_URI {
 	 */
 	protected function _detect_uri()
 	{
-		if ( ! isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']) OR ! isset($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']))
+		if ( ! isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']))
 		{
 			return '';
 		}
@@ -227,20 +230,19 @@ class CI_URI {
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Is cli Request?
 	 *
 	 * Duplicate of function from the Input class to test to see if a request was made from the command line
 	 *
-	 * @return 	boolean
+	 * @return 	bool
 	 */
 	protected function _is_cli_request()
 	{
-		return (php_sapi_name() == 'cli') OR defined('STDIN');
+		return (php_sapi_name() === 'cli') OR defined('STDIN');
 	}
 
-	
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -253,7 +255,7 @@ class CI_URI {
 	protected function _parse_cli_args()
 	{
 		$args = array_slice($_SERVER['argv'], 1);
-		return $args ? '/' . implode('/', $args) : '';
+		return $args ? '/'.implode('/', $args) : '';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -327,7 +329,7 @@ class CI_URI {
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Re-index Segments
 	 *
@@ -355,13 +357,13 @@ class CI_URI {
 	 *
 	 * This function returns the URI segment based on the number provided.
 	 *
-	 * @param	integer
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function segment($n, $no_result = FALSE)
 	{
-		return ( ! isset($this->segments[$n])) ? $no_result : $this->segments[$n];
+		return isset($this->segments[$n]) ? $this->segments[$n] : $no_result;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -370,16 +372,16 @@ class CI_URI {
 	 * Fetch a URI "routed" Segment
 	 *
 	 * This function returns the re-routed URI segment (assuming routing rules are used)
-	 * based on the number provided.  If there is no routing this function returns the
+	 * based on the number provided. If there is no routing this function returns the
 	 * same result as $this->segment()
 	 *
-	 * @param	integer
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function rsegment($n, $no_result = FALSE)
 	{
-		return ( ! isset($this->rsegments[$n])) ? $no_result : $this->rsegments[$n];
+		return isset($this->rsegments[$n]) ? $this->rsegments[$n] : $no_result;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -400,7 +402,7 @@ class CI_URI {
 	 *			gender => male
 	 *		 )
 	 *
-	 * @param	integer	the starting segment number
+	 * @param	int	the starting segment number
 	 * @param	array	an array of default values
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
@@ -408,13 +410,13 @@ class CI_URI {
 	{
 		return $this->_uri_to_assoc($n, $default, 'segment');
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Identical to above only it uses the re-routed segment array
 	 *
-	 * @param 	integer	the starting segment number
+	 * @param 	int	the starting segment number
 	 * @param 	array	an array of default values
 	 * @return 	array
 	 */
@@ -428,7 +430,7 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Generate a key value pair from the URI string or Re-routed URI string
 	 *
-	 * @param	integer	the starting segment number
+	 * @param	int	the starting segment number
 	 * @param	array	an array of default values
 	 * @param	string	which array we should use
 	 * @return	array
@@ -458,12 +460,9 @@ class CI_URI {
 
 		if ($this->$total_segments() < $n)
 		{
-			if (count($default) === 0)
-			{
-				return array();
-			}
-
-			return array_fill_keys($default, FALSE);
+			return (count($default) === 0)
+				? array()
+				: array_fill_keys($default, FALSE);
 		}
 
 		$segments = array_slice($this->$segment_array(), ($n - 1));
@@ -512,7 +511,7 @@ class CI_URI {
 	public function assoc_to_uri($array)
 	{
 		$temp = array();
-		foreach ((array)$array as $key => $val)
+		foreach ( (array) $array as $key => $val)
 		{
 			$temp[] = $key;
 			$temp[] = $val;
@@ -526,7 +525,7 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Fetch a URI Segment and add a trailing slash
 	 *
-	 * @param	integer
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -540,7 +539,7 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Fetch a URI Segment and add a trailing slash
 	 *
-	 * @param	integer
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -554,7 +553,7 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Fetch a URI Segment and add a trailing slash - helper function
 	 *
-	 * @param	integer
+	 * @param	int
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
@@ -604,7 +603,7 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Total number of segments
 	 *
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
 	public function total_segments()
 	{
@@ -616,7 +615,7 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Total number of routed segments
 	 *
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
 	public function total_rsegments()
 	{
@@ -651,4 +650,4 @@ class CI_URI {
 }
 
 /* End of file URI.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/URI.php */
+/* Location: ./system/core/URI.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/core/Utf8.php b/system/core/Utf8.php
index 122020aea..a6faa84ec 100644
--- a/system/core/Utf8.php
+++ b/system/core/Utf8.php
@@ -42,6 +42,8 @@ class CI_Utf8 {
 	 * Constructor
 	 *
 	 * Determines if UTF-8 support is to be enabled
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
@@ -124,7 +126,7 @@ class CI_Utf8 {
 	 * Attempts to convert a string to UTF-8
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @param	string	- input encoding
+	 * @param	string	input encoding
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function convert_to_utf8($str, $encoding)
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
index 19aee1dfc..0b8937cc5 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
@@ -84,19 +84,14 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_result extends CI_DB_result {
 		// Define the output
 		$output = array('assoc', 'object');
 
+		// Initial value
+		$this->result_assoc = array() and $this->result_object = array();
+
 		// Fetch the result
-		foreach ($output as $type)
+		while ($row = $this->_fetch_assoc())
 		{
-			// Define the method and handler
-			$res_method  = '_fetch_'.$type;
-			$res_handler = 'result_'.$type;
-
-			$this->$res_handler = array();
-
-			while ($row = $this->$res_method())
-			{
-				$this->{$res_handler}[] = $row;
-			}
+			$this->result_assoc[] = $row;
+			$this->result_object[] = (object) $row;
 		}
 
 		// Save this as buffer and marked the fetch flag
@@ -249,7 +244,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 */
 	protected function _fetch_object()
 	{
-		return $this->result_id->fetchObject();
+		return $this->result_id->fetch(PDO::FETCH_OBJ);
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
index 84bf768ee..17bd37b38 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
@@ -311,6 +311,27 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * "Smart" Escape String
+	 *
+	 * Escapes data based on type
+	 * Sets boolean and null types
+	 *
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	mixed
+	 */
+	public function escape($str)
+	{
+		if (is_bool($str))
+		{
+			return ($str) ? 'TRUE' : 'FALSE';
+		}
+
+		return parent::escape($str);
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Affected Rows
 	 *
 	 * @return	int
@@ -558,6 +579,78 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Where
+	 *
+	 * Called by where() or or_where()
+	 *
+	 * @param	mixed
+	 * @param	mixed
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	object
+	 *
+	 */
+	protected function _where($key, $value = NULL, $type = 'AND ', $escape = NULL)
+	{
+		$type = $this->_group_get_type($type);
+
+		if ( ! is_array($key))
+		{
+			$key = array($key => $value);
+		}
+
+		// If the escape value was not set will will base it on the global setting
+		if ( ! is_bool($escape))
+		{
+			$escape = $this->_protect_identifiers;
+		}
+
+		foreach ($key as $k => $v)
+		{
+			$prefix = (count($this->qb_where) === 0 && count($this->qb_cache_where) === 0) ? '' : $type;
+
+			if (is_null($v) && ! $this->_has_operator($k))
+			{
+				// value appears not to have been set, assign the test to IS NULL
+				$k .= ' IS NULL';
+			}
+
+			if ( ! is_null($v))
+			{
+				if ($escape === TRUE)
+				{
+					$k = $this->protect_identifiers($k, FALSE, $escape);
+					$v = ' '.$this->escape($v);
+				}
+				elseif (is_bool($v))
+				{
+					$v = ($v ? ' TRUE' : ' FALSE');
+				}
+
+				if ( ! $this->_has_operator($k))
+				{
+					$k .= ' = ';
+				}
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				$k = $this->protect_identifiers($k, FALSE, $escape);
+			}
+
+			$this->qb_where[] = $prefix.$k.$v;
+			if ($this->qb_caching === TRUE)
+			{
+				$this->qb_cache_where[] = $prefix.$k.$v;
+				$this->qb_cache_exists[] = 'where';
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		return $this;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
 	 * @param	resource
@@ -571,4 +664,4 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
 }
 
 /* End of file postgre_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/date_helper.php b/system/helpers/date_helper.php
index 531d1d32f..5f0427f7d 100644
--- a/system/helpers/date_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/date_helper.php
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('mdate'))
 		$datestr = str_replace(
 			'%\\',
 			'',
-			preg_replace("/([a-z]+?){1}/i", "\\\\\\1", $datestr)
+			preg_replace('/([a-z]+?){1}/i', '\\\\\\1', $datestr)
 		);
 
 		return date($datestr, $time);
@@ -316,12 +316,12 @@ if ( ! function_exists('local_to_gmt'))
 		}
 
 		return mktime(
-			gmdate("H", $time),
-			gmdate("i", $time),
-			gmdate("s", $time),
-			gmdate("m", $time),
-			gmdate("d", $time),
-			gmdate("Y", $time)
+			gmdate('H', $time),
+			gmdate('i', $time),
+			gmdate('s', $time),
+			gmdate('m', $time),
+			gmdate('d', $time),
+			gmdate('Y', $time)
 		);
 	}
 }
@@ -452,8 +452,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('human_to_unix'))
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$datestr = trim($datestr);
-		$datestr = preg_replace("/\040+/", ' ', $datestr);
+		$datestr = preg_replace('/\040+/', ' ', trim($datestr));
 
 		if ( ! preg_match('/^[0-9]{2,4}\-[0-9]{1,2}\-[0-9]{1,2}\s[0-9]{1,2}:[0-9]{1,2}(?::[0-9]{1,2})?(?:\s[AP]M)?$/i', $datestr))
 		{
@@ -462,20 +461,20 @@ if ( ! function_exists('human_to_unix'))
 
 		$split = explode(' ', $datestr);
 
-		$ex = explode("-", $split['0']);
+		$ex = explode('-', $split['0']);
 
-		$year  = (strlen($ex['0']) == 2) ? '20'.$ex['0'] : $ex['0'];
-		$month = (strlen($ex['1']) == 1) ? '0'.$ex['1']  : $ex['1'];
-		$day   = (strlen($ex['2']) == 1) ? '0'.$ex['2']  : $ex['2'];
+		$year  = (strlen($ex[0]) === 2) ? '20'.$ex[0] : $ex[0];
+		$month = (strlen($ex[1]) === 1) ? '0'.$ex[1]  : $ex[1];
+		$day   = (strlen($ex[2]) === 1) ? '0'.$ex[2]  : $ex[2];
 
-		$ex = explode(":", $split['1']);
+		$ex = explode(':', $split['1']);
 
-		$hour = (strlen($ex['0']) == 1) ? '0'.$ex['0'] : $ex['0'];
-		$min  = (strlen($ex['1']) == 1) ? '0'.$ex['1'] : $ex['1'];
+		$hour = (strlen($ex[0]) === 1) ? '0'.$ex[0] : $ex[0];
+		$min  = (strlen($ex[1]) === 1) ? '0'.$ex[1] : $ex[1];
 
-		if (isset($ex['2']) && preg_match('/[0-9]{1,2}/', $ex['2']))
+		if (isset($ex['2']) && preg_match('/[0-9]{1,2}/', $ex[2]))
 		{
-			$sec  = (strlen($ex['2']) == 1) ? '0'.$ex['2'] : $ex['2'];
+			$sec  = (strlen($ex[2]) === 1) ? '0'.$ex[2] : $ex[2];
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -485,11 +484,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('human_to_unix'))
 
 		if (isset($split['2']))
 		{
-			$ampm = strtolower($split['2']);
+			$ampm = strtolower($split[2]);
 
 			if (substr($ampm, 0, 1) === 'p' && $hour < 12)
 			{
-				$hour = $hour + 12;
+				$hour += 12;
 			}
 
 			if (substr($ampm, 0, 1) === 'a' && $hour == 12)
@@ -497,7 +496,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('human_to_unix'))
 				$hour =  '00';
 			}
 
-			if (strlen($hour) == 1)
+			if (strlen($hour) === 1)
 			{
 				$hour = '0'.$hour;
 			}
@@ -529,7 +528,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('nice_date'))
 		// Date like: YYYYMM
 		if (preg_match('/^\d{6}$/', $bad_date))
 		{
-			if (in_array(substr($bad_date, 0, 2),array('19', '20')))
+			if (in_array(substr($bad_date, 0, 2), array('19', '20')))
 			{
 				$year  = substr($bad_date, 0, 4);
 				$month = substr($bad_date, 4, 2);
@@ -540,24 +539,24 @@ if ( ! function_exists('nice_date'))
 				$year   = substr($bad_date, 2, 4);
 			}
 
-			return date($format, strtotime($year . '-' . $month . '-01'));
+			return date($format, strtotime($year.'-'.$month.'-01'));
 		}
 
 		// Date Like: YYYYMMDD
-		if (preg_match('/^\d{8}$/',$bad_date))
+		if (preg_match('/^\d{8}$/', $bad_date))
 		{
 			$month = substr($bad_date, 0, 2);
 			$day   = substr($bad_date, 2, 2);
 			$year  = substr($bad_date, 4, 4);
 
-			return date($format, strtotime($month . '/01/' . $year));
+			return date($format, strtotime($month.'/01/'.$year));
 		}
 
 		// Date Like: MM-DD-YYYY __or__ M-D-YYYY (or anything in between)
-		if (preg_match('/^\d{1,2}-\d{1,2}-\d{4}$/',$bad_date))
+		if (preg_match('/^\d{1,2}-\d{1,2}-\d{4}$/', $bad_date))
 		{
 			list($m, $d, $y) = explode('-', $bad_date);
-			return date($format, strtotime("{$y}-{$m}-{$d}"));
+			return date($format, strtotime($y.'-'.$m.'-'.$d));
 		}
 
 		// Any other kind of string, when converted into UNIX time,
@@ -565,7 +564,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('nice_date'))
 		// return "Invalid Date".
 		if (date('U', strtotime($bad_date)) == '0')
 		{
-			return "Invalid Date";
+			return 'Invalid Date';
 		}
 
 		// It's probably a valid-ish date format already
@@ -587,7 +586,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('timezone_menu'))
 	 * @param	string	menu name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function timezone_menu($default = 'UTC', $class = "", $name = 'timezones')
+	function timezone_menu($default = 'UTC', $class = '', $name = 'timezones')
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 		$CI->lang->load('date');
@@ -605,13 +604,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('timezone_menu'))
 
 		foreach (timezones() as $key => $val)
 		{
-			$selected = ($default == $key) ? " selected='selected'" : '';
-			$menu .= "<option value='{$key}'{$selected}>".$CI->lang->line($key)."</option>\n";
+			$selected = ($default == $key) ? ' selected="selected"' : '';
+			$menu .= '<option value="'.$key.'"'.$selected.'>'.$CI->lang->line($key)."</option>\n";
 		}
 
-		$menu .= "</select>";
-
-		return $menu;
+		return $menu.'</select>';
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/system/helpers/download_helper.php b/system/helpers/download_helper.php
index 97e6986b0..470b61ede 100644
--- a/system/helpers/download_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/download_helper.php
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('force_download'))
 			$x[count($x) - 1] = strtoupper($extension);
 			$filename = implode('.', $x);
 		}
-		
+
 		// Clean output buffer
 		ob_clean();
 
diff --git a/system/helpers/form_helper.php b/system/helpers/form_helper.php
index b246d72f3..eca6c5f1e 100644
--- a/system/helpers/form_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/form_helper.php
@@ -184,7 +184,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_input'))
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-
 if ( ! function_exists('form_password'))
 {
 	/**
diff --git a/system/helpers/html_helper.php b/system/helpers/html_helper.php
index 124f58009..92a6db477 100644
--- a/system/helpers/html_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/html_helper.php
@@ -379,10 +379,10 @@ if ( ! function_exists('meta'))
 		$str = '';
 		foreach ($name as $meta)
 		{
-			$type		= ( ! isset($meta['type']) OR $meta['type'] == 'name') ? 'name' : 'http-equiv';
-			$name		= ( ! isset($meta['name']))		? ''	: $meta['name'];
-			$content	= ( ! isset($meta['content']))	? ''	: $meta['content'];
-			$newline	= ( ! isset($meta['newline']))	? "\n"	: $meta['newline'];
+			$type		= ( ! isset($meta['type']) OR $meta['type'] === 'name') ? 'name' : 'http-equiv';
+			$name		= isset($meta['name'])					? $meta['name'] : '';
+			$content	= isset($meta['content'])				? $meta['content'] : '';
+			$newline	= isset($meta['newline'])				? $meta['newline'] : "\n";
 
 			$str .= '<meta '.$type.'="'.$name.'" content="'.$content.'" />'.$newline;
 		}
diff --git a/system/helpers/url_helper.php b/system/helpers/url_helper.php
index fa685645a..0e933c18e 100644
--- a/system/helpers/url_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/url_helper.php
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('anchor_popup'))
 
 		if ($attributes === FALSE)
 		{
-			return "<a href='javascript:void(0);' onclick=\"window.open('".$site_url."', '_blank');\">".$title.'</a>';
+			return '<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="window.open(\''.$site_url."', '_blank');\">".$title.'</a>';
 		}
 
 		if ( ! is_array($attributes))
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('anchor_popup'))
 			$attributes = _parse_attributes($attributes);
 		}
 
-		return "<a href='javascript:void(0);' onclick=\"window.open('".$site_url."', '_blank', '"._parse_attributes($atts, TRUE)."');\"".$attributes.'>'.$title.'</a>';
+		return '<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="window.open(\''.$site_url."', '_blank', '"._parse_attributes($atts, TRUE)."');\"".$attributes.'>'.$title.'</a>';
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php b/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php
index 0493d5a6e..ba732ee8e 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ class CI_Cache extends CI_Driver_Library {
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	protected $_cache_path = NULL;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Reference to the driver
 	 *
 	 * @var mixed
 	 */
 	protected $_adapter = 'dummy';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Fallback driver
 	 *
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
index ec4195278..f0eb8bdf7 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ class CI_Cache_file extends CI_Driver {
 
 	/**
 	 * Initialize file-based cache
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php
index 813df4b1c..1df149c2d 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class CI_Cache_memcached extends CI_Driver {
 	 * @param	string	unique identifier
 	 * @param	mixed	data being cached
 	 * @param	int	time to live
-	 * @return	bool true on success, false on failure
+	 * @return	bool	true on success, false on failure
 	 */
 	public function save($id, $data, $ttl = 60)
 	{
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class CI_Cache_memcached extends CI_Driver {
 	 * Delete from Cache
 	 *
 	 * @param	mixed	key to be deleted.
-	 * @return	bool true on success, false on failure
+	 * @return	bool	true on success, false on failure
 	 */
 	public function delete($id)
 	{
diff --git a/system/libraries/Calendar.php b/system/libraries/Calendar.php
index 4db754f5e..92f372b20 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Calendar.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Calendar.php
@@ -44,55 +44,55 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 	 * @var object
 	 */
 	protected $CI;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Current local time
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
 	public $local_time;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Calendar layout template
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $template		= '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Day of the week to start the calendar on
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $start_day		= 'sunday';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * How to display months
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $month_type		= 'long';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * How to display names of days
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $day_type		= 'abr';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Whether to show next/prev month links
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
-	public $show_next_prev	= FALSE;
-	
+	public $show_next_prev		= FALSE;
+
 	/**
 	 * Url base to use for next/prev month links
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
-	public $next_prev_url	= '';
+	public $next_prev_url		= '';
 
 	/**
 	 * Constructor
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 
 		// Set the starting day of the week
 		$start_days	= array('sunday' => 0, 'monday' => 1, 'tuesday' => 2, 'wednesday' => 3, 'thursday' => 4, 'friday' => 5, 'saturday' => 6);
-		$start_day = ( ! isset($start_days[$this->start_day])) ? 0 : $start_days[$this->start_day];
+		$start_day	= isset($start_days[$this->start_day]) ? $start_days[$this->start_day] : 0;
 
 		// Set the starting day number
 		$local_date = mktime(12, 0, 0, $month, 1, $year);
@@ -290,9 +290,7 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 			$out .= "\n".$this->temp['cal_row_end']."\n";
 		}
 
-		$out .= "\n".$this->temp['table_close'];
-
-		return $out;
+		return $out .= "\n".$this->temp['table_close'];
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -317,14 +315,9 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 			$month_names = array('01' => 'cal_january', '02' => 'cal_february', '03' => 'cal_march', '04' => 'cal_april', '05' => 'cal_mayl', '06' => 'cal_june', '07' => 'cal_july', '08' => 'cal_august', '09' => 'cal_september', '10' => 'cal_october', '11' => 'cal_november', '12' => 'cal_december');
 		}
 
-		$month = $month_names[$month];
-
-		if ($this->CI->lang->line($month) === FALSE)
-		{
-			return ucfirst(substr($month, 4));
-		}
-
-		return $this->CI->lang->line($month);
+		return ($this->CI->lang->line($month_names[$month]) === FALSE)
+			? ucfirst(substr($month_names[$month], 4))
+			: $this->CI->lang->line($month_names[$month]);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -345,11 +338,11 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 			$this->day_type = $day_type;
 		}
 
-		if ($this->day_type == 'long')
+		if ($this->day_type === 'long')
 		{
 			$day_names = array('sunday', 'monday', 'tuesday', 'wednesday', 'thursday', 'friday', 'saturday');
 		}
-		elseif ($this->day_type == 'short')
+		elseif ($this->day_type === 'short')
 		{
 			$day_names = array('sun', 'mon', 'tue', 'wed', 'thu', 'fri', 'sat');
 		}
@@ -448,7 +441,7 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 	 */
 	public function default_template()
 	{
-		return  array (
+		return  array(
 			'table_open'				=> '<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">',
 			'heading_row_start'			=> '<tr>',
 			'heading_previous_cell'		=> '<th><a href="{previous_url}">&lt;&lt;</a></th>',
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cart.php b/system/libraries/Cart.php
index eee123584..b73ed5128 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cart.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cart.php
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	/**
 	 * These are the regular expression rules that we use to validate the product ID and product name
 	 * alpha-numeric, dashes, underscores, or periods
-	 * 
+	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $product_id_rules	= '\.a-z0-9_-';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * These are the regular expression rules that we use to validate the product ID and product name
 	 * alpha-numeric, dashes, underscores, colons or periods
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $product_name_rules	= '\.\:\-_ a-z0-9';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * only allow safe product names
 	 *
@@ -62,14 +62,14 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Protected variables. Do not change!
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Reference to CodeIgniter instance
 	 *
 	 * @var object
 	 */
 	protected $CI;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Contents of the cart
 	 *
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	 * The constructor loads the Session class, used to store the shopping cart contents.
 	 *
 	 * @param	array
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct($params = array())
 	{
@@ -180,7 +181,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 		// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 		// Does the $items array contain an id, quantity, price, and name?  These are required
-		if ( ! isset($items['id']) OR ! isset($items['qty']) OR ! isset($items['price']) OR ! isset($items['name']))
+		if ( ! isset($items['id'], $items['qty'], $items['price'], $items['name']))
 		{
 			log_message('error', 'The cart array must contain a product ID, quantity, price, and name.');
 			return FALSE;
@@ -341,7 +342,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	protected function _update($items = array())
 	{
 		// Without these array indexes there is nothing we can do
-		if ( ! isset($items['qty']) OR ! isset($items['rowid']) OR ! isset($this->_cart_contents[$items['rowid']]))
+		if ( ! isset($items['qty'], $items['rowid'], $this->_cart_contents[$items['rowid']]))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -383,7 +384,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 		foreach ($this->_cart_contents as $key => $val)
 		{
 			// We make sure the array contains the proper indexes
-			if ( ! is_array($val) OR ! isset($val['price']) OR ! isset($val['qty']))
+			if ( ! is_array($val) OR ! isset($val['price'], $val['qty']))
 			{
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -393,7 +394,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 			$this->_cart_contents[$key]['subtotal'] = ($this->_cart_contents[$key]['price'] * $this->_cart_contents[$key]['qty']);
 		}
 
-		// Is our cart empty?  If so we delete it from the session
+		// Is our cart empty? If so we delete it from the session
 		if (count($this->_cart_contents) <= 2)
 		{
 			$this->CI->session->unset_userdata('cart_contents');
@@ -489,7 +490,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	 */
 	public function has_options($rowid = '')
 	{
-		return (isset($this->_cart_contents[$rowid]['options']) && count($this->_cart_contents[$rowid]['options']) !== 0) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		return (isset($this->_cart_contents[$rowid]['options']) && count($this->_cart_contents[$rowid]['options']) !== 0);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -519,15 +520,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	 */
 	public function format_number($n = '')
 	{
-		if ($n == '')
-		{
-			return '';
-		}
-
-		// Remove anything that isn't a number or decimal point.
-		$n = (float) $n;
-
-		return number_format($n, 2, '.', ',');
+		return ($n == '') ? '' : number_format( (float) $n, 2, '.', ',');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Driver.php b/system/libraries/Driver.php
index b1fff154d..c79698c7b 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Driver.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Driver.php
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class CI_Driver_Library {
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $valid_drivers = array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Name of the current class - usually the driver class
 	 *
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ class CI_Driver_Library {
 	 * The first time a child is used it won't exist, so we instantiate it
 	 * subsequents calls will go straight to the proper child.
 	 *
-	 * @param mixed $child
-	 * @return mixed
+	 * @param	mixed	$child
+	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
 	public function __get($child)
 	{
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class CI_Driver {
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $_methods = array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * List of properties in the parent class
 	 *
diff --git a/system/libraries/Email.php b/system/libraries/Email.php
index 103c3cb25..56d60c802 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Email.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Email.php
@@ -93,6 +93,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 * Constructor - Sets Email Preferences
 	 *
 	 * The constructor can be passed an array of config values
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct($config = array())
 	{
@@ -303,8 +305,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	public function cc($cc)
 	{
-		$cc = $this->_str_to_array($cc);
-		$cc = $this->clean_email($cc);
+		$cc = $this->clean_email($this->_str_to_array($cc));
 
 		if ($this->validate)
 		{
@@ -338,8 +339,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			$this->bcc_batch_size = $limit;
 		}
 
-		$bcc = $this->_str_to_array($bcc);
-		$bcc = $this->clean_email($bcc);
+		$bcc = $this->clean_email($this->_str_to_array($bcc));
 
 		if ($this->validate)
 		{
@@ -441,15 +441,11 @@ class CI_Email {
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($email))
 		{
-			if (strpos($email, ',') !== FALSE)
-			{
-				$email = preg_split('/[\s,]/', $email, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				$email = (array) trim($email);
-			}
+			return (strpos($email, ',') !== FALSE)
+				? preg_split('/[\s,]/', $email, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY)
+				: (array) trim($email);
 		}
+
 		return $email;
 	}
 
@@ -477,7 +473,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	public function set_mailtype($type = 'text')
 	{
-		$this->mailtype = ($type == 'html') ? 'html' : 'text';
+		$this->mailtype = ($type === 'html') ? 'html' : 'text';
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -574,7 +570,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 	protected function _get_message_id()
 	{
 		$from = str_replace(array('>', '<'), '', $this->_headers['Return-Path']);
-		return  '<'.uniqid('').strstr($from, '@').'>';
+		return '<'.uniqid('').strstr($from, '@').'>';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -631,13 +627,9 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	protected function _get_content_type()
 	{
-		if ($this->mailtype === 'html' && count($this->_attach_name) === 0)
-		{
-			return 'html';
-		}
-		elseif	($this->mailtype === 'html' && count($this->_attach_name) > 0)
+		if ($this->mailtype === 'html')
 		{
-			return 'html-attach';
+			return (count($this->_attach_name) == 0) ? 'html' : 'html-attach';
 		}
 		elseif	($this->mailtype === 'text' && count($this->_attach_name) > 0)
 		{
@@ -731,7 +723,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($email))
 		{
-			return (preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $email, $match)) ? $match[1] : $email;
+			return preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $email, $match) ? $match[1] : $email;
 		}
 
 		$clean_email = array();
@@ -763,7 +755,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			return $this->word_wrap($this->alt_message, '76');
 		}
 
-		$body = (preg_match('/\<body.*?\>(.*)\<\/body\>/si', $this->_body, $match)) ? $match[1] : $this->_body;
+		$body = preg_match('/\<body.*?\>(.*)\<\/body\>/si', $this->_body, $match) ? $match[1] : $this->_body;
 		$body = str_replace("\t", '', preg_replace('#<!--(.*)--\>#', '', trim(strip_tags($body))));
 
 		for ($i = 20; $i >= 3; $i--)
@@ -788,11 +780,11 @@ class CI_Email {
 		// Se the character limit
 		if ($charlim == '')
 		{
-			$charlim = ($this->wrapchars == "") ? 76 : $this->wrapchars;
+			$charlim = ($this->wrapchars == '') ? 76 : $this->wrapchars;
 		}
 
 		// Reduce multiple spaces
-		$str = preg_replace("| +|", " ", $str);
+		$str = preg_replace('| +|', ' ', $str);
 
 		// Standardize newlines
 		if (strpos($str, "\r") !== FALSE)
@@ -803,22 +795,22 @@ class CI_Email {
 		// If the current word is surrounded by {unwrap} tags we'll
 		// strip the entire chunk and replace it with a marker.
 		$unwrap = array();
-		if (preg_match_all("|(\{unwrap\}.+?\{/unwrap\})|s", $str, $matches))
+		if (preg_match_all('|(\{unwrap\}.+?\{/unwrap\})|s', $str, $matches))
 		{
 			for ($i = 0, $c = count($matches[0]); $i < $c; $i++)
 			{
 				$unwrap[] = $matches[1][$i];
-				$str = str_replace($matches[1][$i], "{{unwrapped".$i."}}", $str);
+				$str = str_replace($matches[1][$i], '{{unwrapped'.$i.'}}', $str);
 			}
 		}
 
 		// Use PHP's native public function to do the initial wordwrap.
 		// We set the cut flag to FALSE so that any individual words that are
-		// too long get left alone.  In the next step we'll deal with them.
+		// too long get left alone. In the next step we'll deal with them.
 		$str = wordwrap($str, $charlim, "\n", FALSE);
 
 		// Split the string into individual lines of text and cycle through them
-		$output = "";
+		$output = '';
 		foreach (explode("\n", $str) as $line)
 		{
 			// Is the line within the allowed character count?
@@ -833,7 +825,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			do
 			{
 				// If the over-length word is a URL we won't wrap it
-				if (preg_match("!\[url.+\]|://|wwww.!", $line))
+				if (preg_match('!\[url.+\]|://|wwww.!', $line))
 				{
 					break;
 				}
@@ -859,7 +851,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		{
 			foreach ($unwrap as $key => $val)
 			{
-				$output = str_replace("{{unwrapped".$key."}}", $val, $output);
+				$output = str_replace('{{unwrapped'.$key.'}}', $val, $output);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -898,15 +890,15 @@ class CI_Email {
 		}
 
 		reset($this->_headers);
-		$this->_header_str = "";
+		$this->_header_str = '';
 
 		foreach ($this->_headers as $key => $val)
 		{
 			$val = trim($val);
 
-			if ($val != "")
+			if ($val != '')
 			{
-				$this->_header_str .= $key.": ".$val.$this->newline;
+				$this->_header_str .= $key.': '.$val.$this->newline;
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -940,8 +932,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 		{
 			case 'plain' :
 
-				$hdr .= "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline
-					. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: " . $this->_get_encoding();
+				$hdr .= 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset='.$this->charset.$this->newline
+					.'Content-Transfer-Encoding: '.$this->_get_encoding();
 
 				if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail')
 				{
@@ -959,25 +951,25 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 				if ($this->send_multipart === FALSE)
 				{
-					$hdr .= "Content-Type: text/html; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline
-						. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable";
+					$hdr .= 'Content-Type: text/html; charset='.$this->charset.$this->newline
+						.'Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable';
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					$hdr .= "Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=\"" . $this->_alt_boundary . "\"" . $this->newline . $this->newline;
+					$hdr .= 'Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="'.$this->_alt_boundary.'"'.$this->newline.$this->newline;
 
-					$body .= $this->_get_mime_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline
-						. "--" . $this->_alt_boundary . $this->newline
+					$body .= $this->_get_mime_message().$this->newline.$this->newline
+						.'--'.$this->_alt_boundary.$this->newline
 
-						. "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline
-						. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: " . $this->_get_encoding() . $this->newline . $this->newline
-						. $this->_get_alt_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline . "--" . $this->_alt_boundary . $this->newline
+						.'Content-Type: text/plain; charset='.$this->charset.$this->newline
+						.'Content-Transfer-Encoding: '.$this->_get_encoding().$this->newline.$this->newline
+						.$this->_get_alt_message().$this->newline.$this->newline.'--'.$this->_alt_boundary.$this->newline
 
-						. "Content-Type: text/html; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline
-						. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable" . $this->newline . $this->newline;
+						.'Content-Type: text/html; charset='.$this->charset.$this->newline
+						.'Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable'.$this->newline.$this->newline;
 				}
 
-				$this->_finalbody = $body . $this->_prep_quoted_printable($this->_body) . $this->newline . $this->newline;
+				$this->_finalbody = $body.$this->_prep_quoted_printable($this->_body).$this->newline.$this->newline;
 
 
 				if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail')
@@ -986,59 +978,59 @@ class CI_Email {
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					$this->_finalbody = $hdr . $this->_finalbody;
+					$this->_finalbody = $hdr.$this->_finalbody;
 				}
 
 
 				if ($this->send_multipart !== FALSE)
 				{
-					$this->_finalbody .= "--" . $this->_alt_boundary . "--";
+					$this->_finalbody .= '--'.$this->_alt_boundary.'--';
 				}
 
 				return;
 
 			case 'plain-attach' :
 
-				$hdr .= "Content-Type: multipart/".$this->multipart."; boundary=\"" . $this->_atc_boundary."\"" . $this->newline . $this->newline;
+				$hdr .= 'Content-Type: multipart/'.$this->multipart.'; boundary="'.$this->_atc_boundary.'"'.$this->newline.$this->newline;
 
 				if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail')
 				{
 					$this->_header_str .= $hdr;
 				}
 
-				$body .= $this->_get_mime_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline
-					. "--" . $this->_atc_boundary . $this->newline
+				$body .= $this->_get_mime_message().$this->newline.$this->newline
+					.'--'.$this->_atc_boundary.$this->newline
 
-					. "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline
-					. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: " . $this->_get_encoding() . $this->newline . $this->newline
+					.'Content-Type: text/plain; charset='.$this->charset.$this->newline
+					.'Content-Transfer-Encoding: '.$this->_get_encoding().$this->newline.$this->newline
 
-					. $this->_body . $this->newline . $this->newline;
+					.$this->_body.$this->newline.$this->newline;
 
 			break;
 			case 'html-attach' :
 
-				$hdr .= "Content-Type: multipart/".$this->multipart."; boundary=\"" . $this->_atc_boundary."\"" . $this->newline . $this->newline;
+				$hdr .= 'Content-Type: multipart/'.$this->multipart.'; boundary="'.$this->_atc_boundary.'"'.$this->newline.$this->newline;
 
 				if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail')
 				{
 					$this->_header_str .= $hdr;
 				}
 
-				$body .= $this->_get_mime_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline
-					. "--" . $this->_atc_boundary . $this->newline
+				$body .= $this->_get_mime_message().$this->newline.$this->newline
+					.'--'.$this->_atc_boundary.$this->newline
 
-					. "Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=\"" . $this->_alt_boundary . "\"" . $this->newline .$this->newline
-					. "--" . $this->_alt_boundary . $this->newline
+					.'Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="'.$this->_alt_boundary.'"'.$this->newline.$this->newline
+					.'--'.$this->_alt_boundary.$this->newline
 
-					. "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline
-					. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: " . $this->_get_encoding() . $this->newline . $this->newline
-					. $this->_get_alt_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline . "--" . $this->_alt_boundary . $this->newline
+					.'Content-Type: text/plain; charset='.$this->charset.$this->newline
+					.'Content-Transfer-Encoding: '.$this->_get_encoding().$this->newline.$this->newline
+					.$this->_get_alt_message().$this->newline.$this->newline.'--'.$this->_alt_boundary.$this->newline
 
-					. "Content-Type: text/html; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline
-					. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable" . $this->newline . $this->newline
+					.'Content-Type: text/html; charset='.$this->charset.$this->newline
+					.'Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable'.$this->newline.$this->newline
 
-					. $this->_prep_quoted_printable($this->_body) . $this->newline . $this->newline
-					. "--" . $this->_alt_boundary . "--" . $this->newline . $this->newline;
+					.$this->_prep_quoted_printable($this->_body).$this->newline.$this->newline
+					.'--'.$this->_alt_boundary.'--'.$this->newline.$this->newline;
 
 			break;
 		}
@@ -1047,7 +1039,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->_attach_name), $z = 0; $i < $c; $i++)
 		{
 			$filename = $this->_attach_name[$i][0];
-			$basename = (is_null($this->_attach_name[$i][1])) ? basename($filename) : $this->_attach_name[$i][1];
+			$basename = is_null($this->_attach_name[$i][1]) ? basename($filename) : $this->_attach_name[$i][1];
 			$ctype = $this->_attach_type[$i];
 			$file_content = '';
 
@@ -1075,17 +1067,18 @@ class CI_Email {
 			{
 				$file_content =& $this->_attach_content[$i];
 			}
-			$attachment[$z++] = "--".$this->_atc_boundary.$this->newline
-				. "Content-type: ".$ctype."; "
-				. "name=\"".$basename."\"".$this->newline
-				. "Content-Disposition: ".$this->_attach_disp[$i].";".$this->newline
-				. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64".$this->newline;
+
+			$attachment[$z++] = '--'.$this->_atc_boundary.$this->newline
+				.'Content-type: '.$ctype.'; '
+				.'name="'.$basename.'"'.$this->newline
+				.'Content-Disposition: '.$this->_attach_disp[$i].';'.$this->newline
+				.'Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64'.$this->newline;
 
 			$attachment[$z++] = chunk_split(base64_encode($file_content));
 		}
 
-		$body .= implode($this->newline, $attachment).$this->newline."--".$this->_atc_boundary."--";
-		$this->_finalbody = ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail') ? $body : $hdr . $body;
+		$body .= implode($this->newline, $attachment).$this->newline.'--'.$this->_atc_boundary.'--';
+		$this->_finalbody = ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail') ? $body : $hdr.$body;
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -1112,7 +1105,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		}
 
 		// Reduce multiple spaces & remove nulls
-		$str = preg_replace(array("| +|", '/\x00+/'), array(' ', ''), $str);
+		$str = preg_replace(array('| +|', '/\x00+/'), array(' ', ''), $str);
 
 		// Standardize newlines
 		if (strpos($str, "\r") !== FALSE)
@@ -1233,11 +1226,9 @@ class CI_Email {
 			$temp .= $char;
 		}
 
-		$str = $output.$temp;
-
 		// wrap each line with the shebang, charset, and transfer encoding
 		// the preceding space on successive lines is required for header "folding"
-		return trim(preg_replace('/^(.*)$/m', ' =?'.$this->charset.'?Q?$1?=', $str));
+		return trim(preg_replace('/^(.*)$/m', ' =?'.$this->charset.'?Q?$1?=', $output.$temp));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1335,7 +1326,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	protected function _unwrap_specials()
 	{
-		$this->_finalbody = preg_replace_callback("/\{unwrap\}(.*?)\{\/unwrap\}/si", array($this, '_remove_nl_callback'), $this->_finalbody);
+		$this->_finalbody = preg_replace_callback('/\{unwrap\}(.*?)\{\/unwrap\}/si', array($this, '_remove_nl_callback'), $this->_finalbody);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1366,10 +1357,10 @@ class CI_Email {
 	{
 		$this->_unwrap_specials();
 
-		$method = '_send_with_' . $this->_get_protocol();
+		$method = '_send_with_'.$this->_get_protocol();
 		if ( ! $this->$method())
 		{
-			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_send_failure_' . ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail' ? 'phpmail' : $this->_get_protocol()));
+			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_send_failure_'.($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail' ? 'phpmail' : $this->_get_protocol()));
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
@@ -1394,7 +1385,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		{
 			// most documentation of sendmail using the "-f" flag lacks a space after it, however
 			// we've encountered servers that seem to require it to be in place.
-			return mail($this->_recipients, $this->_subject, $this->_finalbody, $this->_header_str, "-f ".$this->clean_email($this->_headers['From']));
+			return mail($this->_recipients, $this->_subject, $this->_finalbody, $this->_header_str, '-f '.$this->clean_email($this->_headers['From']));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1407,7 +1398,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	protected function _send_with_sendmail()
 	{
-		$fp = @popen($this->mailpath . " -oi -f ".$this->clean_email($this->_headers['From'])." -t", 'w');
+		$fp = @popen($this->mailpath.' -oi -f '.$this->clean_email($this->_headers['From']).' -t', 'w');
 
 		if ($fp === FALSE OR $fp === NULL)
 		{
@@ -1461,7 +1452,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		{
 			foreach ($this->_cc_array as $val)
 			{
-				if ($val != "")
+				if ($val != '')
 				{
 					$this->_send_command('to', $val);
 				}
@@ -1472,7 +1463,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		{
 			foreach ($this->_bcc_array as $val)
 			{
-				if ($val != "")
+				if ($val != '')
 				{
 					$this->_send_command('to', $val);
 				}
@@ -1482,7 +1473,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		$this->_send_command('data');
 
 		// perform dot transformation on any lines that begin with a dot
-		$this->_send_data($this->_header_str . preg_replace('/^\./m', '..$1', $this->_finalbody));
+		$this->_send_data($this->_header_str.preg_replace('/^\./m', '..$1', $this->_finalbody));
 
 		$this->_send_data('.');
 
@@ -1513,14 +1504,14 @@ class CI_Email {
 		$ssl = ($this->smtp_crypto == 'ssl') ? 'ssl://' : NULL;
 
 		$this->_smtp_connect = fsockopen($ssl.$this->smtp_host,
-										$this->smtp_port,
-										$errno,
-										$errstr,
-										$this->smtp_timeout);
+							$this->smtp_port,
+							$errno,
+							$errstr,
+							$this->smtp_timeout);
 
 		if ( ! is_resource($this->_smtp_connect))
 		{
-			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_error', $errno." ".$errstr);
+			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_error', $errno.' '.$errstr);
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
@@ -1558,27 +1549,29 @@ class CI_Email {
 		{
 			case 'hello' :
 
-					if ($this->_smtp_auth OR $this->_get_encoding() == '8bit')
-						$this->_send_data('EHLO '.$this->_get_hostname());
-					else
-						$this->_send_data('HELO '.$this->_get_hostname());
+						if ($this->_smtp_auth OR $this->_get_encoding() === '8bit')
+						{
+							$this->_send_data('EHLO '.$this->_get_hostname());
+						}
+						else
+						{
+							$this->_send_data('HELO '.$this->_get_hostname());
+						}
 
 						$resp = 250;
 			break;
 			case 'starttls'	:
 
 						$this->_send_data('STARTTLS');
-
 						$resp = 220;
 			break;
 			case 'from' :
 
 						$this->_send_data('MAIL FROM:<'.$data.'>');
-
 						$resp = 250;
 			break;
-			case 'to'	:
-						
+			case 'to' :
+
 						if ($this->dsn)
 						{
 							$this->_send_data('RCPT TO:<'.$data.'> NOTIFY=SUCCESS,DELAY,FAILURE ORCPT=rfc822;'.$data);
@@ -1587,25 +1580,24 @@ class CI_Email {
 						{
 							$this->_send_data('RCPT TO:<'.$data.'>');
 						}
+
 						$resp = 250;
 			break;
 			case 'data'	:
 
 						$this->_send_data('DATA');
-
 						$resp = 354;
 			break;
 			case 'quit'	:
 
 						$this->_send_data('QUIT');
-
 						$resp = 221;
 			break;
 		}
 
 		$reply = $this->_get_smtp_data();
 
-		$this->_debug_msg[] = "<pre>".$cmd.": ".$reply."</pre>";
+		$this->_debug_msg[] = '<pre>'.$cmd.': '.$reply.'</pre>';
 
 		if (substr($reply, 0, 3) != $resp)
 		{
@@ -1701,13 +1693,13 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	protected function _get_smtp_data()
 	{
-		$data = "";
+		$data = '';
 
 		while ($str = fgets($this->_smtp_connect, 512))
 		{
 			$data .= $str;
 
-			if ($str[3] == " ")
+			if ($str[3] == ' ')
 			{
 				break;
 			}
@@ -1806,11 +1798,11 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		if (substr($msg, 0, 5) !== 'lang:' OR FALSE === ($line = $CI->lang->line(substr($msg, 5))))
 		{
-			$this->_debug_msg[] = str_replace('%s', $val, $msg)."<br />";
+			$this->_debug_msg[] = str_replace('%s', $val, $msg).'<br />';
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$this->_debug_msg[] = str_replace('%s', $val, $line)."<br />";
+			$this->_debug_msg[] = str_replace('%s', $val, $line).'<br />';
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1921,4 +1913,4 @@ class CI_Email {
 }
 
 /* End of file Email.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Email.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Email.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Encrypt.php b/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
index 17437c1ca..751557fab 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
@@ -44,28 +44,28 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $encryption_key		= '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Type of hash operation
-	 * 
+	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	protected $_hash_type		= 'sha1';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Flag for the existance of mcrypt
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
 	protected $_mcrypt_exists	= FALSE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Current cipher to be used with mcrypt
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	protected $_mcrypt_cipher;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Method for encrypting/decrypting data
 	 *
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 
 	/**
 	 * Initialize Encryption class
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
diff --git a/system/libraries/Form_validation.php b/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
index c396580be..67cbfd1a0 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
@@ -42,63 +42,63 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 * @var object
 	 */
 	protected $CI;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Validation data for the current form submission
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
-	protected $_field_data = array();
-	
+	protected $_field_data		= array();
+
 	/**
 	 * Validation rules for the current form
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
-	protected $_config_rules = array();
-	
+	protected $_config_rules	= array();
+
 	/**
 	 * Array of validation errors
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $_error_array		= array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Array of custom error messages
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $_error_messages	= array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Start tag for error wrapping
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	protected $_error_prefix	= '<p>';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * End tag for error wrapping
-	 * 
+	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	protected $_error_suffix	= '</p>';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Custom error message
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	protected $error_string		= '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Whether the form data has been validated as safe
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
 	protected $_safe_form_data	= FALSE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Custom data to validate
 	 *
@@ -109,7 +109,8 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Initialize Form_Validation class
 	 *
-	 * @param array $rules
+	 * @param	array	$rules
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct($rules = array())
 	{
@@ -222,13 +223,13 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 
 		// Build our master array
 		$this->_field_data[$field] = array(
-			'field'				=> $field,
-			'label'				=> $label,
-			'rules'				=> $rules,
-			'is_array'			=> $is_array,
-			'keys'				=> $indexes,
-			'postdata'			=> NULL,
-			'error'				=> ''
+			'field'		=> $field,
+			'label'		=> $label,
+			'rules'		=> $rules,
+			'is_array'	=> $is_array,
+			'keys'		=> $indexes,
+			'postdata'	=> NULL,
+			'error'		=> ''
 		);
 
 		return $this;
@@ -595,16 +596,13 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 				// Set the message type
 				$type = in_array('required', $rules) ? 'required' : 'isset';
 
-				if ( ! isset($this->_error_messages[$type]))
+				if (isset($this->_error_messages[$type]))
 				{
-					if (FALSE === ($line = $this->CI->lang->line($type)))
-					{
-						$line = 'The field was not set';
-					}
+					$line = $this->_error_messages[$type];
 				}
-				else
+				elseif (FALSE === ($line = $this->CI->lang->line($type)))
 				{
-					$line = $this->_error_messages[$type];
+					$line = 'The field was not set';
 				}
 
 				// Build the error message
@@ -956,12 +954,8 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	public function matches($str, $field)
 	{
 		$validation_array = empty($this->validation_data) ? $_POST : $this->validation_data;
-		if ( ! isset($validation_array[$field]))
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
 
-		return ($str === $validation_array[$field]);
+		return isset($validation_array[$field]) ? ($str === $validation_array[$field]) : FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1276,7 +1270,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 */
 	public function valid_base64($str)
 	{
-		return (bool) ! preg_match('/[^a-zA-Z0-9\/\+=]/', $str);
+		return ! preg_match('/[^a-zA-Z0-9\/\+=]/', $str);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Ftp.php b/system/libraries/Ftp.php
index 8aa1650d2..3cfe1b2b6 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Ftp.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Ftp.php
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	public $debug		= FALSE;
 	public $conn_id		= FALSE;
 
-
 	public function __construct($config = array())
 	{
 		if (count($config) > 0)
@@ -539,7 +538,6 @@ class CI_FTP {
 		return FALSE;
 	}
 
-
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
diff --git a/system/libraries/Image_lib.php b/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
index 24695049c..0cb189445 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
@@ -38,321 +38,321 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 
 	/**
 	 * PHP extension/library to use for image manipulation
-	 * Can be:  imagemagick, netpbm, gd, gd2
+	 * Can be: imagemagick, netpbm, gd, gd2
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $image_library		= 'gd2';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Path to the graphic library (if applicable)
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $library_path		= '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Whether to send to browser or write to disk
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
 	public $dynamic_output		= FALSE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Path to original image
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $source_image		= '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Path to the modified image
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
-	public $new_image			= '';
-	
+	public $new_image		= '';
+
 	/**
 	 * Image width
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
-	public $width				= '';
-	
+	public $width			= '';
+
 	/**
 	 * Image height
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
-	public $height				= '';
-	
+	public $height			= '';
+
 	/**
 	 * Quality percentage of new image
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
-	public $quality			= '90';
-	
+	public $quality			= 90;
+
 	/**
 	 * Whether to create a thumbnail
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
 	public $create_thumb		= FALSE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * String to add to thumbnail version of image
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $thumb_marker		= '_thumb';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Whether to maintain aspect ratio when resizing or use hard values
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
 	public $maintain_ratio		= TRUE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * auto, height, or width.  Determines what to use as the master dimension
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
-	public $master_dim			= 'auto';
-	
+	public $master_dim		= 'auto';
+
 	/**
 	 * Angle at to rotate image
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $rotation_angle		= '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * X Coordinate for manipulation of the current image
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
-	public $x_axis				= '';
-	
+	public $x_axis			= '';
+
 	/**
 	 * Y Coordinate for manipulation of the current image
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
-	public $y_axis				= '';
+	public $y_axis			= '';
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Watermark Vars
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Watermark text if graphic is not used
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $wm_text			= '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Type of watermarking.  Options:  text/overlay
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $wm_type			= 'text';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Default transparency for watermark
-	 * 
+	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
 	public $wm_x_transp		= 4;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Default transparency for watermark
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
 	public $wm_y_transp		= 4;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Watermark image path
-	 * 
+	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
-	public $wm_overlay_path	= '';
-	
+	public $wm_overlay_path		= '';
+
 	/**
 	 * TT font
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $wm_font_path		= '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Font size (different versions of GD will either use points or pixels)
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
 	public $wm_font_size		= 17;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Vertical alignment:   T M B
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $wm_vrt_alignment	= 'B';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Horizontal alignment: L R C
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $wm_hor_alignment	= 'C';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Padding around text
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
 	public $wm_padding			= 0;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Lets you push text to the right
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
 	public $wm_hor_offset		= 0;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Lets you push text down
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
 	public $wm_vrt_offset		= 0;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Text color
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
-	protected $wm_font_color		= '#ffffff';
-	
+	protected $wm_font_color	= '#ffffff';
+
 	/**
 	 * Dropshadow color
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
-	protected $wm_shadow_color		= '';
-	
+	protected $wm_shadow_color	= '';
+
 	/**
 	 * Dropshadow distance
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
 	public $wm_shadow_distance	= 2;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Image opacity: 1 - 100  Only works with image
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
-	public $wm_opacity			= 50;
+	public $wm_opacity		= 50;
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Private Vars
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Source image folder
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $source_folder		= '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Destination image folder
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $dest_folder		= '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Image mime-type
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
-	public $mime_type			= '';
-	
+	public $mime_type		= '';
+
 	/**
-	 * Original image width 
+	 * Original image width
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
-	public $orig_width			= '';
-	
+	public $orig_width		= '';
+
 	/**
 	 * Original image height
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
 	public $orig_height		= '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Image format
-	 * 
+	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
-	public $image_type			= '';
-	
+	public $image_type		= '';
+
 	/**
 	 * Size of current image
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
-	public $size_str			= '';
-	
+	public $size_str		= '';
+
 	/**
 	 * Full path to source image
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $full_src_path		= '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Full path to destination image
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $full_dst_path		= '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Name of function to create image
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
-	public $create_fnc			= 'imagecreatetruecolor';
-	
+	public $create_fnc		= 'imagecreatetruecolor';
+
 	/**
 	 * Name of function to copy image
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
-	public $copy_fnc			= 'imagecopyresampled';
-	
+	public $copy_fnc		= 'imagecopyresampled';
+
 	/**
 	 * Error messages
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
-	public $error_msg			= array();
-	
+	public $error_msg		= array();
+
 	/**
 	 * Whether to have a drop shadow on watermark
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
 	protected $wm_use_drop_shadow	= FALSE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Whether to use truetype fonts
 	 *
@@ -364,6 +364,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 * Initialize Image Library
 	 *
 	 * @param	array	$props
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct($props = array())
 	{
@@ -395,7 +396,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 
 		$this->image_library 		= 'gd2';
 		$this->dynamic_output 		= FALSE;
-		$this->quality 				= '90';
+		$this->quality 				= 90;
 		$this->create_thumb 		= FALSE;
 		$this->thumb_marker 		= '_thumb';
 		$this->maintain_ratio 		= TRUE;
@@ -895,16 +896,16 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		switch ($this->image_type)
 		{
 			case 1 :
-						$cmd_in		= 'giftopnm';
-						$cmd_out	= 'ppmtogif';
+				$cmd_in		= 'giftopnm';
+				$cmd_out	= 'ppmtogif';
 				break;
 			case 2 :
-						$cmd_in		= 'jpegtopnm';
-						$cmd_out	= 'ppmtojpeg';
+				$cmd_in		= 'jpegtopnm';
+				$cmd_out	= 'ppmtojpeg';
 				break;
 			case 3 :
-						$cmd_in		= 'pngtopnm';
-						$cmd_out	= 'ppmtopng';
+				$cmd_in		= 'pngtopnm';
+				$cmd_out	= 'ppmtopng';
 				break;
 		}
 
@@ -916,15 +917,15 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		{
 			switch ($this->rotation_angle)
 			{
-				case 90		:	$angle = 'r270';
+				case 90:	$angle = 'r270';
 					break;
-				case 180	:	$angle = 'r180';
+				case 180:	$angle = 'r180';
 					break;
-				case 270	:	$angle = 'r90';
+				case 270:	$angle = 'r90';
 					break;
-				case 'vrt'	:	$angle = 'tb';
+				case 'vrt':	$angle = 'tb';
 					break;
-				case 'hor'	:	$angle = 'lr';
+				case 'hor':	$angle = 'lr';
 					break;
 			}
 
@@ -1401,49 +1402,49 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	{
 		switch ($this->image_type)
 		{
-			case 1 :
-						if ( ! function_exists('imagegif'))
-						{
-							$this->set_error(array('imglib_unsupported_imagecreate', 'imglib_gif_not_supported'));
-							return FALSE;
-						}
+			case 1:
+				if ( ! function_exists('imagegif'))
+				{
+					$this->set_error(array('imglib_unsupported_imagecreate', 'imglib_gif_not_supported'));
+					return FALSE;
+				}
 
-						if ( ! @imagegif($resource, $this->full_dst_path))
-						{
-							$this->set_error('imglib_save_failed');
-							return FALSE;
-						}
-				break;
-			case 2	:
-						if ( ! function_exists('imagejpeg'))
-						{
-							$this->set_error(array('imglib_unsupported_imagecreate', 'imglib_jpg_not_supported'));
-							return FALSE;
-						}
+				if ( ! @imagegif($resource, $this->full_dst_path))
+				{
+					$this->set_error('imglib_save_failed');
+					return FALSE;
+				}
+			break;
+			case 2:
+				if ( ! function_exists('imagejpeg'))
+				{
+					$this->set_error(array('imglib_unsupported_imagecreate', 'imglib_jpg_not_supported'));
+					return FALSE;
+				}
 
-						if ( ! @imagejpeg($resource, $this->full_dst_path, $this->quality))
-						{
-							$this->set_error('imglib_save_failed');
-							return FALSE;
-						}
-				break;
-			case 3	:
-						if ( ! function_exists('imagepng'))
-						{
-							$this->set_error(array('imglib_unsupported_imagecreate', 'imglib_png_not_supported'));
-							return FALSE;
-						}
+				if ( ! @imagejpeg($resource, $this->full_dst_path, $this->quality))
+				{
+					$this->set_error('imglib_save_failed');
+					return FALSE;
+				}
+			break;
+			case 3:
+				if ( ! function_exists('imagepng'))
+				{
+					$this->set_error(array('imglib_unsupported_imagecreate', 'imglib_png_not_supported'));
+					return FALSE;
+				}
 
-						if ( ! @imagepng($resource, $this->full_dst_path))
-						{
-							$this->set_error('imglib_save_failed');
-							return FALSE;
-						}
-				break;
-			default		:
-							$this->set_error(array('imglib_unsupported_imagecreate'));
-							return FALSE;
-				break;
+				if ( ! @imagepng($resource, $this->full_dst_path))
+				{
+					$this->set_error('imglib_save_failed');
+					return FALSE;
+				}
+			break;
+			default:
+				$this->set_error(array('imglib_unsupported_imagecreate'));
+				return FALSE;
+			break;
 		}
 
 		return TRUE;
@@ -1466,13 +1467,13 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 
 		switch ($this->image_type)
 		{
-			case 1		:	imagegif($resource);
+			case 1	:	imagegif($resource);
 				break;
-			case 2		:	imagejpeg($resource, '', $this->quality);
+			case 2	:	imagejpeg($resource, '', $this->quality);
 				break;
-			case 3		:	imagepng($resource);
+			case 3	:	imagepng($resource);
 				break;
-			default		:	echo 'Unable to display the image';
+			default:	echo 'Unable to display the image';
 				break;
 		}
 	}
@@ -1613,8 +1614,10 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 
 		foreach ($allowed as $item)
 		{
-			if ( ! isset($vals[$item]) OR $vals[$item] == '')
+			if (empty($vals[$item]))
+			{
 				$vals[$item] = 0;
+			}
 		}
 
 		if ($vals['width'] == 0 OR $vals['height'] == 0)
@@ -1712,7 +1715,6 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		{
 			foreach ($msg as $val)
 			{
-
 				$msg = ($CI->lang->line($val) == FALSE) ? $val : $CI->lang->line($val);
 				$this->error_msg[] = $msg;
 				log_message('error', $msg);
diff --git a/system/libraries/Log.php b/system/libraries/Log.php
index c10363a2e..51ce43dc7 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Log.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Log.php
@@ -42,42 +42,42 @@ class CI_Log {
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	protected $_log_path;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Level of logging
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
 	protected $_threshold		= 1;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Highest level of logging
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
 	protected $_threshold_max	= 0;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Array of threshold levels to log
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	protected $_threshold_array	= array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Format of timestamp for log files
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	protected $_date_fmt		= 'Y-m-d H:i:s';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Whether or not the logger can write to the log files
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
 	protected $_enabled		= TRUE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Predefined logging levels
 	 *
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class CI_Log {
 	/**
 	 * Initialize Logging class
 	 *
-	 * @return void
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ class CI_Log {
 		if ( ! file_exists($filepath))
 		{
 			$newfile = TRUE;
-			$message .= "<"."?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed'); ?".">\n\n";
+			$message .= '<'."?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed'); ?".">\n\n";
 		}
 
 		if ( ! $fp = @fopen($filepath, FOPEN_WRITE_CREATE))
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ class CI_Log {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$message .= $level.' '.(($level == 'INFO') ? ' -' : '-').' '.date($this->_date_fmt). ' --> '.$msg."\n";
+		$message .= $level.' '.($level === 'INFO' ? ' -' : '-').' '.date($this->_date_fmt).' --> '.$msg."\n";
 
 		flock($fp, LOCK_EX);
 		fwrite($fp, $message);
diff --git a/system/libraries/Migration.php b/system/libraries/Migration.php
index ce4683fc1..0a88e6926 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Migration.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Migration.php
@@ -45,28 +45,28 @@ class CI_Migration {
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
 	protected $_migration_enabled = FALSE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Path to migration classes
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	protected $_migration_path = NULL;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Current migration version
 	 *
 	 * @var mixed
 	 */
 	protected $_migration_version = 0;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Database table with migration info
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	protected $_migration_table = 'migrations';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Whether to automatically run migrations
 	 *
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ class CI_Migration {
 	 * Initialize Migration Class
 	 *
 	 * @param	array
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct($config = array())
 	{
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ class CI_Migration {
 
 		foreach ($config as $key => $val)
 		{
-			$this->{'_' . $key} = $val;
+			$this->{'_'.$key} = $val;
 		}
 
 		log_message('debug', 'Migrations class initialized');
@@ -340,7 +341,6 @@ class CI_Migration {
 		}
 
 		sort($files);
-
 		return $files;
 	}
 
@@ -384,6 +384,7 @@ class CI_Migration {
 	{
 		return get_instance()->$var;
 	}
+
 }
 
 /* End of file Migration.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Pagination.php b/system/libraries/Pagination.php
index 3d2911813..58f86fa17 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Pagination.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Pagination.php
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ class CI_Pagination {
 	 * Constructor
 	 *
 	 * @param	array	initialization parameters
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct($params = array())
 	{
diff --git a/system/libraries/Parser.php b/system/libraries/Parser.php
index c40f339b4..a0b60ed97 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Parser.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Parser.php
@@ -42,14 +42,14 @@ class CI_Parser {
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $l_delim = '{';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Right delimeter character for psuedo vars
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $r_delim = '}';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Reference to CodeIgniter instance
 	 *
@@ -116,14 +116,9 @@ class CI_Parser {
 
 		foreach ($data as $key => $val)
 		{
-			if (is_array($val))
-			{
-				$template = $this->_parse_pair($key, $val, $template);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				$template = $this->_parse_single($key, (string)$val, $template);
-			}
+			$template = is_array($val)
+					? $this->_parse_pair($key, $val, $template)
+					: $template = $this->_parse_single($key, (string) $val, $template);
 		}
 
 		if ($return == FALSE)
@@ -189,14 +184,9 @@ class CI_Parser {
 			$temp = $match[1];
 			foreach ($row as $key => $val)
 			{
-				if ( ! is_array($val))
-				{
-					$temp = $this->_parse_single($key, $val, $temp);
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$temp = $this->_parse_pair($key, $val, $temp);
-				}
+				$temp = is_array($val)
+						? $this->_parse_pair($key, $val, $temp)
+						: $this->_parse_single($key, $val, $temp);
 			}
 
 			$str .= $temp;
diff --git a/system/libraries/Profiler.php b/system/libraries/Profiler.php
index 1e86f3c61..e219d20f2 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Profiler.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Profiler.php
@@ -527,6 +527,7 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 
 		return $output.'</div>';
 	}
+
 }
 
 /* End of file Profiler.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session.php b/system/libraries/Session.php
index 3195f0a91..783109a60 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Session.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session.php
@@ -190,6 +190,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 * whenever the class is instantiated.
 	 *
 	 * @param	array
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct($params = array())
 	{
diff --git a/system/libraries/Table.php b/system/libraries/Table.php
index 236129531..f844d6435 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Table.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Table.php
@@ -44,49 +44,49 @@ class CI_Table {
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	public $rows		= array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Data for table heading
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	public $heading		= array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Whether or not to automatically create the table header
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
 	public $auto_heading	= TRUE;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Table caption
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $caption		= NULL;
-	
+
 	/**
-	 * Table layout template 
+	 * Table layout template
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	public $template	= NULL;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Newline setting
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $newline		= "\n";
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Contents of empty cells
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $empty_cells	= '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Callback for custom table layout
 	 *
diff --git a/system/libraries/Typography.php b/system/libraries/Typography.php
index 50bd12486..6aaa993ae 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Typography.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Typography.php
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class CI_Typography {
 
 	/**
 	 * Block level elements that should not be wrapped inside <p> tags
-	 * 
+	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $block_elements = 'address|blockquote|div|dl|fieldset|form|h\d|hr|noscript|object|ol|p|pre|script|table|ul';
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class CI_Typography {
 
 	/**
 	 * Tags we want the parser to completely ignore when splitting the string.
-	 * 
+	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $inline_elements = 'a|abbr|acronym|b|bdo|big|br|button|cite|code|del|dfn|em|i|img|ins|input|label|map|kbd|q|samp|select|small|span|strong|sub|sup|textarea|tt|var';
diff --git a/system/libraries/Unit_test.php b/system/libraries/Unit_test.php
index 0f6e2dfdd..6ec2dcd5d 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Unit_test.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Unit_test.php
@@ -350,11 +350,11 @@ class CI_Unit_test {
  */
 function is_true($test)
 {
-	return (is_bool($test) && $test === TRUE);
+	return ($test === TRUE);
 }
 function is_false($test)
 {
-	return (is_bool($test) && $test === FALSE);
+	return ($test === FALSE);
 }
 
 /* End of file Unit_test.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Upload.php b/system/libraries/Upload.php
index 24d4bd4d0..271c6d21f 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Upload.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Upload.php
@@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ class CI_Upload {
 		 */
 		if (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR !== '\\')
 		{
-			$cmd = 'file --brief --mime ' . escapeshellarg($file['tmp_name']) . ' 2>&1';
+			$cmd = 'file --brief --mime '.escapeshellarg($file['tmp_name']).' 2>&1';
 
 			if (function_exists('exec'))
 			{
@@ -1103,4 +1103,4 @@ class CI_Upload {
 }
 
 /* End of file Upload.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Upload.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Upload.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php b/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
index f0c5b48e7..1853906ea 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
@@ -54,21 +54,21 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	public $methods = array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Debug Message
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $debug_msg = '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * XML RPC Server methods
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
 	public $system_methods	= array();
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Configuration object
 	 *
@@ -79,7 +79,8 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	/**
 	 * Initialize XMLRPC class
 	 *
-	 * @param array $config
+	 * @param	array	$config
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct($config = array())
 	{
diff --git a/system/libraries/Zip.php b/system/libraries/Zip.php
index 86d0787b2..e0dc637ad 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Zip.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Zip.php
@@ -48,35 +48,35 @@ class CI_Zip  {
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $zipdata		= '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Zip data for a directory in string form
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
 	public $directory	= '';
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Number of files/folder in zip file
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
 	public $entries		= 0;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Number of files in zip
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
 	public $file_num	= 0;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * relative offset of local header
 	 *
 	 * @var int
 	 */
 	public $offset		= 0;
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Reference to time at init
 	 *
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class CI_Zip  {
 	/**
 	 * Initialize zip compression class
 	 *
-	 * @return void
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
diff --git a/system/libraries/javascript/Jquery.php b/system/libraries/javascript/Jquery.php
index f30d7c639..3c9ae1867 100644
--- a/system/libraries/javascript/Jquery.php
+++ b/system/libraries/javascript/Jquery.php
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Jquery Class
  *
@@ -57,7 +55,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 			$this->script();
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', "Jquery Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Jquery Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -115,7 +113,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 
 		if ($ret_false)
 		{
-			$js[] = "return false;";
+			$js[] = 'return false;';
 		}
 
 		return $this->_add_event($element, $js, 'click');
@@ -183,7 +181,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 */
 	protected function _hover($element = 'this', $over, $out)
 	{
-		$event = "\n\t$(" . $this->_prep_element($element) . ").hover(\n\t\tfunction()\n\t\t{\n\t\t\t{$over}\n\t\t}, \n\t\tfunction()\n\t\t{\n\t\t\t{$out}\n\t\t});\n";
+		$event = "\n\t$(".$this->_prep_element($element).").hover(\n\t\tfunction()\n\t\t{\n\t\t\t{$over}\n\t\t}, \n\t\tfunction()\n\t\t{\n\t\t\t{$out}\n\t\t});\n";
 
 		$this->jquery_code_for_compile[] = $event;
 
@@ -322,7 +320,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 
 		foreach ($array_js as $js)
 		{
-			$this->jquery_code_for_compile[] = "\t$js\n";
+			$this->jquery_code_for_compile[] = "\t".$js."\n";
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -389,7 +387,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	protected function _addClass($element = 'this', $class='')
 	{
 		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);
-		return "$({$element}).addClass(\"$class\");";
+		return '$('.$element.').addClass("'.$class.'");';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -411,9 +409,9 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 
 		$animations = "\t\t\t";
 
-		foreach ($params as $param=>$value)
+		foreach ($params as $param => $value)
 		{
-			$animations .= $param.': \''.$value.'\', ';
+			$animations .= $param.": '".$value."', ";
 		}
 
 		$animations = substr($animations, 0, -2); // remove the last ", "
@@ -428,7 +426,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 			$extra = ', '.$extra;
 		}
 
-		return "$({$element}).animate({\n$animations\n\t\t}".$speed.$extra.");";
+		return "$({$element}).animate({\n$animations\n\t\t}".$speed.$extra.');';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -478,7 +476,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 			$callback = ", function(){\n{$callback}\n}";
 		}
 
-		return "$({$element}).fadeOut({$speed}{$callback});";
+		return '$('.$element.').fadeOut('.$speed.$callback.');';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -519,7 +517,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	protected function _removeClass($element = 'this', $class='')
 	{
 		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);
-		return "$({$element}).removeClass(\"$class\");";
+		return '$('.$element.').removeClass("'.$class.'");';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -544,7 +542,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 			$callback = ", function(){\n{$callback}\n}";
 		}
 
-		return "$({$element}).slideUp({$speed}{$callback});";
+		return '$('.$element.').slideUp('.$speed.$callback.');';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -569,7 +567,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 			$callback = ", function(){\n{$callback}\n}";
 		}
 
-		return "$({$element}).slideDown({$speed}{$callback});";
+		return '$('.$element.').slideDown('.$speed.$callback.');';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -594,7 +592,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 			$callback = ", function(){\n{$callback}\n}";
 		}
 
-		return "$({$element}).slideToggle({$speed}{$callback});";
+		return '$('.$element.').slideToggle('.$speed.$callback.');';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -610,7 +608,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	protected function _toggle($element = 'this')
 	{
 		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);
-		return "$({$element}).toggle();";
+		return '$('.$element.').toggle();';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -626,7 +624,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	protected function _toggleClass($element = 'this', $class='')
 	{
 		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);
-		return "$({$element}).toggleClass(\"$class\");";
+		return '$('.$element.').toggleClass("'.$class.'");';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -651,7 +649,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 			$callback = ", function(){\n{$callback}\n}";
 		}
 
-		return "$({$element}).show({$speed}{$callback});";
+		return '$('.$element.').show('.$speed.$callback.');';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -676,22 +674,22 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 		// ajaxStart and ajaxStop are better choices here... but this is a stop gap
 		if ($this->CI->config->item('javascript_ajax_img') == '')
 		{
-			$loading_notifier = "Loading...";
+			$loading_notifier = 'Loading...';
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$loading_notifier = '<img src=\''.$this->CI->config->slash_item('base_url').$this->CI->config->item('javascript_ajax_img').'\' alt=\'Loading\' />';
+			$loading_notifier = '<img src="'.$this->CI->config->slash_item('base_url').$this->CI->config->item('javascript_ajax_img').'" alt="Loading" />';
 		}
 
-		$updater = "$($container).empty();\n" // anything that was in... get it out
-			. "\t\t$($container).prepend(\"$loading_notifier\");\n"; // to replace with an image
+		$updater = '$('.$container.").empty();\n" // anything that was in... get it out
+			."\t\t$(".$container.').prepend("'.$loading_notifier."\");\n"; // to replace with an image
 
 		$request_options = '';
 		if ($options != '')
 		{
 			$request_options .= ', {'
-					. (is_array($options) ? "'".implode("', '", $options)."'" : "'".str_replace(":", "':'", $options)."'")
-					. '}';
+					.(is_array($options) ? "'".implode("', '", $options)."'" : "'".str_replace(':', "':'", $options)."'")
+					.'}';
 		}
 
 		return $updater."\t\t$($container).load('$controller'$request_options);";
@@ -746,7 +744,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 			$corner_style = '"'.$corner_style.'"';
 		}
 
-		return "$(" . $this->_prep_element($element) . ").corner(".$corner_style.");";
+		return '$('.$this->_prep_element($element).').corner('.$corner_style.');';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -821,16 +819,16 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 			$sort_options = array();
 			foreach ($options as $k=>$v)
 			{
-				$sort_options[] = "\n\t\t".$k.': '.$v."";
+				$sort_options[] = "\n\t\t".$k.': '.$v;
 			}
-			$sort_options = implode(",", $sort_options);
+			$sort_options = implode(',', $sort_options);
 		}
 		else
 		{
 			$sort_options = '';
 		}
 
-		return "$(" . $this->_prep_element($element) . ").sortable({".$sort_options."\n\t});";
+		return '$('.$this->_prep_element($element).').sortable({'.$sort_options."\n\t});";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -844,7 +842,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 */
 	public function tablesorter($table = '', $options = '')
 	{
-		$this->jquery_code_for_compile[] = "\t$(" . $this->_prep_element($table) . ").tablesorter($options);\n";
+		$this->jquery_code_for_compile[] = "\t$(".$this->_prep_element($table).').tablesorter('.$options.");\n";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -869,7 +867,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 
 		}
 
-		$event = "\n\t$(" . $this->_prep_element($element) . ").{$event}(function(){\n\t\t{$js}\n\t});\n";
+		$event = "\n\t$(".$this->_prep_element($element).').'.$event."(function(){\n\t\t{$js}\n\t});\n";
 		$this->jquery_code_for_compile[] = $event;
 		return $event;
 	}
@@ -898,8 +896,8 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 
 		// Inline references
 		$script = '$(document).ready(function() {'."\n"
-			. implode('', $this->jquery_code_for_compile)
-			. '});';
+			.implode('', $this->jquery_code_for_compile)
+			.'});';
 
 		$output = ($script_tags === FALSE) ? $script : $this->inline($script);
 
@@ -998,7 +996,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 		{
 			return '"'.$speed.'"';
 		}
-		elseif (preg_match("/[^0-9]/", $speed))
+		elseif (preg_match('/[^0-9]/', $speed))
 		{
 			return '';
 		}
@@ -1009,4 +1007,4 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 }
 
 /* End of file Jquery.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Jquery.php */
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Jquery.php */
\ No newline at end of file