Merge branch 'develop' of https://github.com/EllisLab/CodeIgniter into develop

127 files changed, 6519 insertions, 6488 deletions

diff --git a/system/core/Benchmark.php b/system/core/Benchmark.php
index a200727ab..f4dfd3dab 100755
--- a/system/core/Benchmark.php
+++ b/system/core/Benchmark.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -24,7 +36,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/benchmark.html
  */
 class CI_Benchmark {
@@ -34,7 +46,7 @@ class CI_Benchmark {
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
-	var $marker = array();
+	public $marker = array();
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -44,11 +56,10 @@ class CI_Benchmark {
 	 * Multiple calls to this function can be made so that several
 	 * execution points can be timed
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	$name	name of the marker
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function mark($name)
+	public function mark($name)
 	{
 		$this->marker[$name] = microtime();
 	}
@@ -63,13 +74,12 @@ class CI_Benchmark {
 	 * execution time to be shown in a template. The output class will
 	 * swap the real value for this variable.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	a particular marked point
 	 * @param	string	a particular marked point
 	 * @param	integer	the number of decimal places
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function elapsed_time($point1 = '', $point2 = '', $decimals = 4)
+	public function elapsed_time($point1 = '', $point2 = '', $decimals = 4)
 	{
 		if ($point1 == '')
 		{
@@ -102,17 +112,14 @@ class CI_Benchmark {
 	 * without the memory being calculated until the end.
 	 * The output class will swap the real value for this variable.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function memory_usage()
+	public function memory_usage()
 	{
 		return '{memory_usage}';
 	}
 
 }
 
-// END CI_Benchmark class
-
 /* End of file Benchmark.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Benchmark.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/core/Benchmark.php */
diff --git a/system/core/CodeIgniter.php b/system/core/CodeIgniter.php
index 9f88384b1..7af3c485d 100755
--- a/system/core/CodeIgniter.php
+++ b/system/core/CodeIgniter.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -23,7 +35,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	codeigniter
  * @category	Front-controller
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/
  */
 
@@ -33,7 +45,7 @@
  * @var string
  *
  */
-	define('CI_VERSION', '2.1.0-dev');
+	define('CI_VERSION', '3.0-dev');
 
 /*
  * ------------------------------------------------------
@@ -47,7 +59,7 @@
  *  Load the framework constants
  * ------------------------------------------------------
  */
-	if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND file_exists(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/constants.php'))
+	if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && file_exists(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/constants.php'))
 	{
 		require(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/constants.php');
 	}
@@ -79,12 +91,12 @@
  * "libraries" folder. Since CI allows config items to be
  * overriden via data set in the main index. php file,
  * before proceeding we need to know if a subclass_prefix
- * override exists.  If so, we will set this value now,
+ * override exists. If so, we will set this value now,
  * before any classes are loaded
  * Note: Since the config file data is cached it doesn't
  * hurt to load it here.
  */
-	if (isset($assign_to_config['subclass_prefix']) AND $assign_to_config['subclass_prefix'] != '')
+	if (isset($assign_to_config['subclass_prefix']) && $assign_to_config['subclass_prefix'] != '')
 	{
 		get_config(array('subclass_prefix' => $assign_to_config['subclass_prefix']));
 	}
@@ -94,7 +106,8 @@
  *  Set a liberal script execution time limit
  * ------------------------------------------------------
  */
-	if (function_exists("set_time_limit") == TRUE AND @ini_get("safe_mode") == 0)
+	if (function_exists('set_time_limit') && @ini_get('safe_mode') == 0
+		&& php_sapi_name() !== 'cli') // Do not override the Time Limit value if running from Command Line
 	{
 		@set_time_limit(300);
 	}
@@ -146,7 +159,6 @@
  * after the Config class is instantiated.
  *
  */
-
 	$UNI =& load_class('Utf8', 'core');
 
 /*
@@ -179,15 +191,13 @@
 
 /*
  * ------------------------------------------------------
- *	Is there a valid cache file?  If so, we're done...
+ *	Is there a valid cache file? If so, we're done...
  * ------------------------------------------------------
  */
-	if ($EXT->_call_hook('cache_override') === FALSE)
+	if ($EXT->_call_hook('cache_override') === FALSE
+		&& $OUT->_display_cache($CFG, $URI) == TRUE)
 	{
-		if ($OUT->_display_cache($CFG, $URI) == TRUE)
-		{
-			exit;
-		}
+		exit;
 	}
 
 /*
@@ -257,13 +267,13 @@
 	$method = $RTR->fetch_method();
 
 	if ( ! class_exists($class)
-		OR strncmp($method, '_', 1) == 0
+		OR strpos($method, '_') === 0
 		OR in_array(strtolower($method), array_map('strtolower', get_class_methods('CI_Controller')))
 		)
 	{
 		if ( ! empty($RTR->routes['404_override']))
 		{
-			$x = explode('/', $RTR->routes['404_override']);
+			$x = explode('/', $RTR->routes['404_override'], 2);
 			$class = $x[0];
 			$method = (isset($x[1]) ? $x[1] : 'index');
 			if ( ! class_exists($class))
@@ -325,7 +335,7 @@
 			// Check and see if we are using a 404 override and use it.
 			if ( ! empty($RTR->routes['404_override']))
 			{
-				$x = explode('/', $RTR->routes['404_override']);
+				$x = explode('/', $RTR->routes['404_override'], 2);
 				$class = $x[0];
 				$method = (isset($x[1]) ? $x[1] : 'index');
 				if ( ! class_exists($class))
@@ -351,7 +361,6 @@
 		call_user_func_array(array(&$CI, $method), array_slice($URI->rsegments, 2));
 	}
 
-
 	// Mark a benchmark end point
 	$BM->mark('controller_execution_time_( '.$class.' / '.$method.' )_end');
 
@@ -384,11 +393,10 @@
  *  Close the DB connection if one exists
  * ------------------------------------------------------
  */
-	if (class_exists('CI_DB') AND isset($CI->db))
+	if (class_exists('CI_DB') && isset($CI->db))
 	{
 		$CI->db->close();
 	}
 
-
 /* End of file CodeIgniter.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/CodeIgniter.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/core/CodeIgniter.php */
diff --git a/system/core/Common.php b/system/core/Common.php
index d79375475..225227d17 100644
--- a/system/core/Common.php
+++ b/system/core/Common.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -23,7 +35,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	codeigniter
  * @category	Common Functions
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/
  */
 
@@ -61,10 +73,10 @@ if ( ! function_exists('is_php'))
  * Tests for file writability
  *
  * is_writable() returns TRUE on Windows servers when you really can't write to
- * the file, based on the read-only attribute.  is_writable() is also unreliable
+ * the file, based on the read-only attribute. is_writable() is also unreliable
  * on Unix servers if safe_mode is on.
  *
- * @access	private
+ * @access	public
  * @return	void
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('is_really_writable'))
@@ -72,17 +84,17 @@ if ( ! function_exists('is_really_writable'))
 	function is_really_writable($file)
 	{
 		// If we're on a Unix server with safe_mode off we call is_writable
-		if (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR == '/' AND @ini_get("safe_mode") == FALSE)
+		if (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR === '/' AND @ini_get('safe_mode') == FALSE)
 		{
 			return is_writable($file);
 		}
 
-		// For windows servers and safe_mode "on" installations we'll actually
-		// write a file then read it.  Bah...
+		/* For Windows servers and safe_mode "on" installations we'll actually
+		 * write a file then read it. Bah...
+		 */
 		if (is_dir($file))
 		{
 			$file = rtrim($file, '/').'/'.md5(mt_rand(1,100).mt_rand(1,100));
-
 			if (($fp = @fopen($file, FOPEN_WRITE_CREATE)) === FALSE)
 			{
 				return FALSE;
@@ -124,7 +136,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('load_class'))
 	{
 		static $_classes = array();
 
-		// Does the class exist?  If so, we're done...
+		// Does the class exist? If so, we're done...
 		if (isset($_classes[$class]))
 		{
 			return $_classes[$class];
@@ -149,7 +161,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('load_class'))
 			}
 		}
 
-		// Is the request a class extension?  If so we load it too
+		// Is the request a class extension? If so we load it too
 		if (file_exists(APPPATH.$directory.'/'.config_item('subclass_prefix').$class.'.php'))
 		{
 			$name = config_item('subclass_prefix').$class;
@@ -165,6 +177,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('load_class'))
 		{
 			// Note: We use exit() rather then show_error() in order to avoid a
 			// self-referencing loop with the Excptions class
+			set_status_header(503);
 			exit('Unable to locate the specified class: '.$class.'.php');
 		}
 
@@ -187,7 +200,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('load_class'))
 */
 if ( ! function_exists('is_loaded'))
 {
-	function is_loaded($class = '')
+	function &is_loaded($class = '')
 	{
 		static $_is_loaded = array();
 
@@ -231,6 +244,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_config'))
 		// Fetch the config file
 		if ( ! file_exists($file_path))
 		{
+			set_status_header(503);
 			exit('The configuration file does not exist.');
 		}
 
@@ -239,6 +253,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_config'))
 		// Does the $config array exist in the file?
 		if ( ! isset($config) OR ! is_array($config))
 		{
+			set_status_header(503);
 			exit('Your config file does not appear to be formatted correctly.');
 		}
 
@@ -375,46 +390,47 @@ if ( ! function_exists('set_status_header'))
 	function set_status_header($code = 200, $text = '')
 	{
 		$stati = array(
-							200	=> 'OK',
-							201	=> 'Created',
-							202	=> 'Accepted',
-							203	=> 'Non-Authoritative Information',
-							204	=> 'No Content',
-							205	=> 'Reset Content',
-							206	=> 'Partial Content',
-
-							300	=> 'Multiple Choices',
-							301	=> 'Moved Permanently',
-							302	=> 'Found',
-							304	=> 'Not Modified',
-							305	=> 'Use Proxy',
-							307	=> 'Temporary Redirect',
-
-							400	=> 'Bad Request',
-							401	=> 'Unauthorized',
-							403	=> 'Forbidden',
-							404	=> 'Not Found',
-							405	=> 'Method Not Allowed',
-							406	=> 'Not Acceptable',
-							407	=> 'Proxy Authentication Required',
-							408	=> 'Request Timeout',
-							409	=> 'Conflict',
-							410	=> 'Gone',
-							411	=> 'Length Required',
-							412	=> 'Precondition Failed',
-							413	=> 'Request Entity Too Large',
-							414	=> 'Request-URI Too Long',
-							415	=> 'Unsupported Media Type',
-							416	=> 'Requested Range Not Satisfiable',
-							417	=> 'Expectation Failed',
-
-							500	=> 'Internal Server Error',
-							501	=> 'Not Implemented',
-							502	=> 'Bad Gateway',
-							503	=> 'Service Unavailable',
-							504	=> 'Gateway Timeout',
-							505	=> 'HTTP Version Not Supported'
-						);
+					200	=> 'OK',
+					201	=> 'Created',
+					202	=> 'Accepted',
+					203	=> 'Non-Authoritative Information',
+					204	=> 'No Content',
+					205	=> 'Reset Content',
+					206	=> 'Partial Content',
+
+					300	=> 'Multiple Choices',
+					301	=> 'Moved Permanently',
+					302	=> 'Found',
+					304	=> 'Not Modified',
+					305	=> 'Use Proxy',
+					307	=> 'Temporary Redirect',
+
+					400	=> 'Bad Request',
+					401	=> 'Unauthorized',
+					403	=> 'Forbidden',
+					404	=> 'Not Found',
+					405	=> 'Method Not Allowed',
+					406	=> 'Not Acceptable',
+					407	=> 'Proxy Authentication Required',
+					408	=> 'Request Timeout',
+					409	=> 'Conflict',
+					410	=> 'Gone',
+					411	=> 'Length Required',
+					412	=> 'Precondition Failed',
+					413	=> 'Request Entity Too Large',
+					414	=> 'Request-URI Too Long',
+					415	=> 'Unsupported Media Type',
+					416	=> 'Requested Range Not Satisfiable',
+					417	=> 'Expectation Failed',
+					422	=> 'Unprocessable Entity',
+
+					500	=> 'Internal Server Error',
+					501	=> 'Not Implemented',
+					502	=> 'Bad Gateway',
+					503	=> 'Service Unavailable',
+					504	=> 'Gateway Timeout',
+					505	=> 'HTTP Version Not Supported'
+			);
 
 		if ($code == '' OR ! is_numeric($code))
 		{
@@ -428,12 +444,12 @@ if ( ! function_exists('set_status_header'))
 
 		if ($text == '')
 		{
-			show_error('No status text available.  Please check your status code number or supply your own message text.', 500);
+			show_error('No status text available. Please check your status code number or supply your own message text.', 500);
 		}
 
 		$server_protocol = (isset($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'])) ? $_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] : FALSE;
 
-		if (substr(php_sapi_name(), 0, 3) == 'cgi')
+		if (strpos(php_sapi_name(), 'cgi') === 0)
 		{
 			header("Status: {$code} {$text}", TRUE);
 		}
@@ -514,16 +530,15 @@ if ( ! function_exists('remove_invisible_characters'))
 	function remove_invisible_characters($str, $url_encoded = TRUE)
 	{
 		$non_displayables = array();
-		
-		// every control character except newline (dec 10)
-		// carriage return (dec 13), and horizontal tab (dec 09)
-		
+
+		// every control character except newline (dec 10),
+		// carriage return (dec 13) and horizontal tab (dec 09)
 		if ($url_encoded)
 		{
 			$non_displayables[] = '/%0[0-8bcef]/';	// url encoded 00-08, 11, 12, 14, 15
 			$non_displayables[] = '/%1[0-9a-f]/';	// url encoded 16-31
 		}
-		
+
 		$non_displayables[] = '/[\x00-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\x1F\x7F]+/S';	// 00-08, 11, 12, 14-31, 127
 
 		do
@@ -561,4 +576,4 @@ if ( ! function_exists('html_escape'))
 }
 
 /* End of file Common.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Common.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/core/Common.php */
diff --git a/system/core/Config.php b/system/core/Config.php
index 714c4667b..68417435d 100755
--- a/system/core/Config.php
+++ b/system/core/Config.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -23,7 +35,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/config.html
  */
 class CI_Config {
@@ -33,46 +45,45 @@ class CI_Config {
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
-	var $config = array();
+	public $config = array();
 	/**
 	 * List of all loaded config files
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
-	var $is_loaded = array();
+	public $is_loaded = array();
 	/**
-	 * List of paths to search when trying to load a config file
+	 * List of paths to search when trying to load a config file.
+	 * This must be public as it's used by the Loader class.
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
-	var $_config_paths = array(APPPATH);
+	public $_config_paths = array(APPPATH);
 
 	/**
 	 * Constructor
 	 *
 	 * Sets the $config data from the primary config.php file as a class variable
 	 *
-	 * @access   public
 	 * @param   string	the config file name
 	 * @param   boolean  if configuration values should be loaded into their own section
 	 * @param   boolean  true if errors should just return false, false if an error message should be displayed
 	 * @return  boolean  if the file was successfully loaded or not
 	 */
-	function __construct()
+	public function __construct()
 	{
 		$this->config =& get_config();
-		log_message('debug', "Config Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Config Class Initialized');
 
 		// Set the base_url automatically if none was provided
 		if ($this->config['base_url'] == '')
 		{
 			if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']))
 			{
-				$base_url = isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && strtolower($_SERVER['HTTPS']) !== 'off' ? 'https' : 'http';
-				$base_url .= '://'. $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
-				$base_url .= str_replace(basename($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']), '', $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']);
+				$base_url = ! empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && strtolower($_SERVER['HTTPS']) !== 'off' ? 'https' : 'http';
+				$base_url .= '://'. $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']
+					. str_replace(basename($_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']), '', $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']);
 			}
-
 			else
 			{
 				$base_url = 'http://localhost/';
@@ -87,17 +98,15 @@ class CI_Config {
 	/**
 	 * Load Config File
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the config file name
-	 * @param   boolean  if configuration values should be loaded into their own section
-	 * @param   boolean  true if errors should just return false, false if an error message should be displayed
+	 * @param	boolean	if configuration values should be loaded into their own section
+	 * @param	boolean	true if errors should just return false, false if an error message should be displayed
 	 * @return	boolean	if the file was loaded correctly
 	 */
-	function load($file = '', $use_sections = FALSE, $fail_gracefully = FALSE)
+	public function load($file = '', $use_sections = FALSE, $fail_gracefully = FALSE)
 	{
 		$file = ($file == '') ? 'config' : str_replace('.php', '', $file);
-		$found = FALSE;
-		$loaded = FALSE;
+		$found = $loaded = FALSE;
 
 		foreach ($this->_config_paths as $path)
 		{
@@ -180,39 +189,19 @@ class CI_Config {
 	 * Fetch a config file item
 	 *
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the config item name
 	 * @param	string	the index name
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function item($item, $index = '')
+	public function item($item, $index = '')
 	{
 		if ($index == '')
 		{
-			if ( ! isset($this->config[$item]))
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
-
-			$pref = $this->config[$item];
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			if ( ! isset($this->config[$index]))
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
-
-			if ( ! isset($this->config[$index][$item]))
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
-
-			$pref = $this->config[$index][$item];
+			return isset($this->config[$item]) ? $this->config[$item] : FALSE;
 		}
 
-		return $pref;
+		return isset($this->config[$index], $this->config[$index][$item]) ? $this->config[$index][$item] : FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -220,18 +209,17 @@ class CI_Config {
 	/**
 	 * Fetch a config file item - adds slash after item (if item is not empty)
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the config item name
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function slash_item($item)
+	public function slash_item($item)
 	{
 		if ( ! isset($this->config[$item]))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
-		if( trim($this->config[$item]) == '')
+		elseif (trim($this->config[$item]) == '')
 		{
 			return '';
 		}
@@ -245,11 +233,10 @@ class CI_Config {
 	 * Site URL
 	 * Returns base_url . index_page [. uri_string]
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the URI string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function site_url($uri = '')
+	public function site_url($uri = '')
 	{
 		if ($uri == '')
 		{
@@ -273,11 +260,10 @@ class CI_Config {
 	 * Base URL
 	 * Returns base_url [. uri_string]
 	 *
-	 * @access public
 	 * @param string $uri
 	 * @return string
 	 */
-	function base_url($uri = '')
+	public function base_url($uri = '')
 	{
 		return $this->slash_item('base_url').ltrim($this->_uri_string($uri),'/');
 	}
@@ -287,8 +273,7 @@ class CI_Config {
 	/**
 	 * Build URI string for use in Config::site_url() and Config::base_url()
 	 *
-	 * @access protected
-	 * @param  $uri
+	 * @param  mixed $uri
 	 * @return string
 	 */
 	protected function _uri_string($uri)
@@ -299,24 +284,22 @@ class CI_Config {
 			{
 				$uri = implode('/', $uri);
 			}
-			$uri = trim($uri, '/');
+			return trim($uri, '/');
 		}
-		else
+		elseif (is_array($uri))
 		{
-			if (is_array($uri))
+			$i = 0;
+			$str = '';
+			foreach ($uri as $key => $val)
 			{
-				$i = 0;
-				$str = '';
-				foreach ($uri as $key => $val)
-				{
-					$prefix = ($i == 0) ? '' : '&';
-					$str .= $prefix.$key.'='.$val;
-					$i++;
-				}
-				$uri = $str;
+				$prefix = ($i === 0) ? '' : '&';
+				$str .= $prefix.$key.'='.$val;
+				$i++;
 			}
+			return $str;
 		}
-	    return $uri;
+
+		return $uri;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -324,12 +307,11 @@ class CI_Config {
 	/**
 	 * System URL
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function system_url()
+	public function system_url()
 	{
-		$x = explode("/", preg_replace("|/*(.+?)/*$|", "\\1", BASEPATH));
+		$x = explode('/', preg_replace('|/*(.+?)/*$|', '\\1', BASEPATH));
 		return $this->slash_item('base_url').end($x).'/';
 	}
 
@@ -338,12 +320,11 @@ class CI_Config {
 	/**
 	 * Set a config file item
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the config item key
 	 * @param	string	the config item value
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_item($item, $value)
+	public function set_item($item, $value)
 	{
 		$this->config[$item] = $value;
 	}
@@ -354,14 +335,13 @@ class CI_Config {
 	 * Assign to Config
 	 *
 	 * This function is called by the front controller (CodeIgniter.php)
-	 * after the Config class is instantiated.  It permits config items
+	 * after the Config class is instantiated. It permits config items
 	 * to be assigned or overriden by variables contained in the index.php file
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _assign_to_config($items = array())
+	public function _assign_to_config($items = array())
 	{
 		if (is_array($items))
 		{
@@ -373,7 +353,5 @@ class CI_Config {
 	}
 }
 
-// END CI_Config class
-
 /* End of file Config.php */
 /* Location: ./system/core/Config.php */
diff --git a/system/core/Controller.php b/system/core/Controller.php
index fddb81e19..0dc131701 100644
--- a/system/core/Controller.php
+++ b/system/core/Controller.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -24,20 +36,17 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/controllers.html
  */
 class CI_Controller {
 
 	private static $instance;
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
 		self::$instance =& $this;
-		
+
 		// Assign all the class objects that were instantiated by the
 		// bootstrap file (CodeIgniter.php) to local class variables
 		// so that CI can run as one big super object.
@@ -47,10 +56,8 @@ class CI_Controller {
 		}
 
 		$this->load =& load_class('Loader', 'core');
-
 		$this->load->initialize();
-		
-		log_message('debug', "Controller Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Controller Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	public static function &get_instance()
@@ -58,7 +65,6 @@ class CI_Controller {
 		return self::$instance;
 	}
 }
-// END Controller class
 
 /* End of file Controller.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Controller.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/core/Controller.php */
diff --git a/system/core/Exceptions.php b/system/core/Exceptions.php
index 869739a5a..bf9901252 100755
--- a/system/core/Exceptions.php
+++ b/system/core/Exceptions.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,53 +33,48 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Exceptions
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/exceptions.html
  */
 class CI_Exceptions {
-	var $action;
-	var $severity;
-	var $message;
-	var $filename;
-	var $line;
+
+	public $action;
+	public $severity;
+	public $message;
+	public $filename;
+	public $line;
 
 	/**
 	 * Nesting level of the output buffering mechanism
 	 *
 	 * @var int
-	 * @access public
 	 */
-	var $ob_level;
+	public $ob_level;
 
 	/**
 	 * List if available error levels
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access public
 	 */
-	var $levels = array(
-						E_ERROR				=>	'Error',
-						E_WARNING			=>	'Warning',
-						E_PARSE				=>	'Parsing Error',
-						E_NOTICE			=>	'Notice',
-						E_CORE_ERROR		=>	'Core Error',
-						E_CORE_WARNING		=>	'Core Warning',
-						E_COMPILE_ERROR		=>	'Compile Error',
-						E_COMPILE_WARNING	=>	'Compile Warning',
-						E_USER_ERROR		=>	'User Error',
-						E_USER_WARNING		=>	'User Warning',
-						E_USER_NOTICE		=>	'User Notice',
-						E_STRICT			=>	'Runtime Notice'
-					);
-
+	public $levels = array(
+				E_ERROR			=>	'Error',
+				E_WARNING		=>	'Warning',
+				E_PARSE			=>	'Parsing Error',
+				E_NOTICE		=>	'Notice',
+				E_CORE_ERROR		=>	'Core Error',
+				E_CORE_WARNING		=>	'Core Warning',
+				E_COMPILE_ERROR		=>	'Compile Error',
+				E_COMPILE_WARNING	=>	'Compile Warning',
+				E_USER_ERROR		=>	'User Error',
+				E_USER_WARNING		=>	'User Warning',
+				E_USER_NOTICE		=>	'User Notice',
+				E_STRICT		=>	'Runtime Notice'
+			);
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
 		$this->ob_level = ob_get_level();
-		// Note:  Do not log messages from this constructor.
+		// Note: Do not log messages from this constructor.
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -77,17 +84,15 @@ class CI_Exceptions {
 	 *
 	 * This function logs PHP generated error messages
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the error severity
 	 * @param	string	the error string
 	 * @param	string	the error filepath
 	 * @param	string	the error line number
-	 * @return	string
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function log_exception($severity, $message, $filepath, $line)
+	public function log_exception($severity, $message, $filepath, $line)
 	{
 		$severity = ( ! isset($this->levels[$severity])) ? $severity : $this->levels[$severity];
-
 		log_message('error', 'Severity: '.$severity.'  --> '.$message. ' '.$filepath.' '.$line, TRUE);
 	}
 
@@ -96,15 +101,14 @@ class CI_Exceptions {
 	/**
 	 * 404 Page Not Found Handler
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the page
 	 * @param 	bool	log error yes/no
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function show_404($page = '', $log_error = TRUE)
+	public function show_404($page = '', $log_error = TRUE)
 	{
-		$heading = "404 Page Not Found";
-		$message = "The page you requested was not found.";
+		$heading = '404 Page Not Found';
+		$message = 'The page you requested was not found.';
 
 		// By default we log this, but allow a dev to skip it
 		if ($log_error)
@@ -125,14 +129,13 @@ class CI_Exceptions {
 	 * (either as a string or an array) and displays
 	 * it using the specified template.
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the heading
 	 * @param	string	the message
 	 * @param	string	the template name
 	 * @param 	int		the status code
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function show_error($heading, $message, $template = 'error_general', $status_code = 500)
+	public function show_error($heading, $message, $template = 'error_general', $status_code = 500)
 	{
 		set_status_header($status_code);
 
@@ -154,7 +157,6 @@ class CI_Exceptions {
 	/**
 	 * Native PHP error handler
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the error severity
 	 * @param	string	the error string
 	 * @param	string	the error filepath
@@ -164,8 +166,7 @@ class CI_Exceptions {
 	function show_php_error($severity, $message, $filepath, $line)
 	{
 		$severity = ( ! isset($this->levels[$severity])) ? $severity : $this->levels[$severity];
-
-		$filepath = str_replace("\\", "/", $filepath);
+		$filepath = str_replace('\\', '/', $filepath);
 
 		// For safety reasons we do not show the full file path
 		if (FALSE !== strpos($filepath, '/'))
@@ -179,15 +180,13 @@ class CI_Exceptions {
 			ob_end_flush();
 		}
 		ob_start();
-		include(APPPATH.'errors/error_php.php');
+		include(APPPATH.'errors/'.'error_php.php');
 		$buffer = ob_get_contents();
 		ob_end_clean();
 		echo $buffer;
 	}
 
-
 }
-// END Exceptions Class
 
 /* End of file Exceptions.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Exceptions.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/core/Exceptions.php */
diff --git a/system/core/Hooks.php b/system/core/Hooks.php
index 33f1c034c..e1ac58e6e 100755
--- a/system/core/Hooks.php
+++ b/system/core/Hooks.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -23,7 +35,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/encryption.html
  */
 class CI_Hooks {
@@ -33,28 +45,24 @@ class CI_Hooks {
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
-	var $enabled		= FALSE;
+	public $enabled		= FALSE;
 	/**
 	 * List of all hooks set in config/hooks.php
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
-	var $hooks			= array();
+	public $hooks			= array();
 	/**
 	 * Determines wether hook is in progress, used to prevent infinte loops
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
-	var $in_progress	= FALSE;
+	public $in_progress	= FALSE;
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 *
-	 */
-	function __construct()
+	public function __construct()
 	{
 		$this->_initialize();
-		log_message('debug', "Hooks Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Hooks Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -62,34 +70,30 @@ class CI_Hooks {
 	/**
 	 * Initialize the Hooks Preferences
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _initialize()
+	private function _initialize()
 	{
 		$CFG =& load_class('Config', 'core');
 
 		// If hooks are not enabled in the config file
 		// there is nothing else to do
-
 		if ($CFG->item('enable_hooks') == FALSE)
 		{
 			return;
 		}
 
 		// Grab the "hooks" definition file.
-		// If there are no hooks, we're done.
-
 		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/hooks.php'))
 		{
-		    include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/hooks.php');
+			include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/hooks.php');
 		}
 		elseif (is_file(APPPATH.'config/hooks.php'))
 		{
 			include(APPPATH.'config/hooks.php');
 		}
 
-
+		// If there are no hooks, we're done.
 		if ( ! isset($hook) OR ! is_array($hook))
 		{
 			return;
@@ -104,13 +108,12 @@ class CI_Hooks {
 	/**
 	 * Call Hook
 	 *
-	 * Calls a particular hook
+	 * Calls a particular hook. Called by CodeIgniter.php.
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the hook name
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _call_hook($which = '')
+	public function _call_hook($which = '')
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->enabled OR ! isset($this->hooks[$which]))
 		{
@@ -139,11 +142,10 @@ class CI_Hooks {
 	 *
 	 * Runs a particular hook
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array	the hook details
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _run_hook($data)
+	protected function _run_hook($data)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($data))
 		{
@@ -156,7 +158,6 @@ class CI_Hooks {
 
 		// If the script being called happens to have the same
 		// hook call within it a loop can happen
-
 		if ($this->in_progress == TRUE)
 		{
 			return;
@@ -242,7 +243,5 @@ class CI_Hooks {
 
 }
 
-// END CI_Hooks class
-
 /* End of file Hooks.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Hooks.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/core/Hooks.php */
diff --git a/system/core/Input.php b/system/core/Input.php
index 6f8442107..ee15f4013 100755
--- a/system/core/Input.php
+++ b/system/core/Input.php
@@ -1,20 +1,30 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Input Class
  *
@@ -23,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Input
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/input.html
  */
 class CI_Input {
@@ -33,39 +43,39 @@ class CI_Input {
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
-	var $ip_address				= FALSE;
+	public $ip_address				= FALSE;
 	/**
 	 * user agent (web browser) being used by the current user
 	 *
 	 * @var string
 	 */
-	var $user_agent				= FALSE;
+	public $user_agent				= FALSE;
 	/**
 	 * If FALSE, then $_GET will be set to an empty array
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
-	var $_allow_get_array		= TRUE;
+	protected $_allow_get_array		= TRUE;
 	/**
 	 * If TRUE, then newlines are standardized
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
-	var $_standardize_newlines	= TRUE;
+	protected $_standardize_newlines	= TRUE;
 	/**
 	 * Determines whether the XSS filter is always active when GET, POST or COOKIE data is encountered
 	 * Set automatically based on config setting
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
-	var $_enable_xss			= FALSE;
+	protected $_enable_xss			= FALSE;
 	/**
 	 * Enables a CSRF cookie token to be set.
 	 * Set automatically based on config setting
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
 	 */
-	var $_enable_csrf			= FALSE;
+	protected $_enable_csrf			= FALSE;
 	/**
 	 * List of all HTTP request headers
 	 *
@@ -73,21 +83,19 @@ class CI_Input {
 	 */
 	protected $headers			= array();
 
-
 	/**
 	 * Constructor
 	 *
 	 * Sets whether to globally enable the XSS processing
 	 * and whether to allow the $_GET array
-	 *
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
-		log_message('debug', "Input Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Input Class Initialized');
 
 		$this->_allow_get_array	= (config_item('allow_get_array') === TRUE);
-		$this->_enable_xss		= (config_item('global_xss_filtering') === TRUE);
-		$this->_enable_csrf		= (config_item('csrf_protection') === TRUE);
+		$this->_enable_xss	= (config_item('global_xss_filtering') === TRUE);
+		$this->_enable_csrf	= (config_item('csrf_protection') === TRUE);
 
 		global $SEC;
 		$this->security =& $SEC;
@@ -110,7 +118,6 @@ class CI_Input {
 	 *
 	 * This is a helper function to retrieve values from global arrays
 	 *
-	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	bool
@@ -136,7 +143,6 @@ class CI_Input {
 	/**
 	* Fetch an item from the GET array
 	*
-	* @access	public
 	* @param	string
 	* @param	bool
 	* @return	string
@@ -144,7 +150,7 @@ class CI_Input {
 	public function get($index = NULL, $xss_clean = FALSE)
 	{
 		// Check if a field has been provided
-		if ($index === NULL AND ! empty($_GET))
+		if ($index === NULL && ! empty($_GET))
 		{
 			$get = array();
 
@@ -164,7 +170,6 @@ class CI_Input {
 	/**
 	* Fetch an item from the POST array
 	*
-	* @access	public
 	* @param	string
 	* @param	bool
 	* @return	string
@@ -172,7 +177,7 @@ class CI_Input {
 	public function post($index = NULL, $xss_clean = FALSE)
 	{
 		// Check if a field has been provided
-		if ($index === NULL AND ! empty($_POST))
+		if ($index === NULL && ! empty($_POST))
 		{
 			$post = array();
 
@@ -193,21 +198,15 @@ class CI_Input {
 	/**
 	* Fetch an item from either the GET array or the POST
 	*
-	* @access	public
 	* @param	string	The index key
 	* @param	bool	XSS cleaning
 	* @return	string
 	*/
 	public function get_post($index = '', $xss_clean = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ( ! isset($_POST[$index]) )
-		{
-			return $this->get($index, $xss_clean);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return $this->post($index, $xss_clean);
-		}
+		return isset($_POST[$index])
+			? $this->post($index, $xss_clean)
+			: $this->get($index, $xss_clean);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -215,7 +214,6 @@ class CI_Input {
 	/**
 	* Fetch an item from the COOKIE array
 	*
-	* @access	public
 	* @param	string
 	* @param	bool
 	* @return	string
@@ -233,7 +231,6 @@ class CI_Input {
 	* Accepts six parameter, or you can submit an associative
 	* array in the first parameter containing all the values.
 	*
-	* @access	public
 	* @param	mixed
 	* @param	string	the value of the cookie
 	* @param	string	the number of seconds until expiration
@@ -257,19 +254,19 @@ class CI_Input {
 			}
 		}
 
-		if ($prefix == '' AND config_item('cookie_prefix') != '')
+		if ($prefix == '' && config_item('cookie_prefix') != '')
 		{
 			$prefix = config_item('cookie_prefix');
 		}
-		if ($domain == '' AND config_item('cookie_domain') != '')
+		if ($domain == '' && config_item('cookie_domain') != '')
 		{
 			$domain = config_item('cookie_domain');
 		}
-		if ($path == '/' AND config_item('cookie_path') != '/')
+		if ($path == '/' && config_item('cookie_path') !== '/')
 		{
 			$path = config_item('cookie_path');
 		}
-		if ($secure == FALSE AND config_item('cookie_secure') != FALSE)
+		if ($secure == FALSE && config_item('cookie_secure') != FALSE)
 		{
 			$secure = config_item('cookie_secure');
 		}
@@ -291,7 +288,6 @@ class CI_Input {
 	/**
 	* Fetch an item from the SERVER array
 	*
-	* @access	public
 	* @param	string
 	* @param	bool
 	* @return	string
@@ -306,7 +302,6 @@ class CI_Input {
 	/**
 	* Fetch the IP Address
 	*
-	* @access	public
 	* @return	string
 	*/
 	public function ip_address()
@@ -323,11 +318,11 @@ class CI_Input {
 
 			$this->ip_address = in_array($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], $proxies) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] : $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
 		}
-		elseif (! $this->server('HTTP_CLIENT_IP') AND $this->server('REMOTE_ADDR'))
+		elseif ( ! $this->server('HTTP_CLIENT_IP') && $this->server('REMOTE_ADDR'))
 		{
 			$this->ip_address = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
 		}
-		elseif ($this->server('REMOTE_ADDR') AND $this->server('HTTP_CLIENT_IP'))
+		elseif ($this->server('REMOTE_ADDR') && $this->server('HTTP_CLIENT_IP'))
 		{
 			$this->ip_address = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
 		}
@@ -342,8 +337,7 @@ class CI_Input {
 
 		if ($this->ip_address === FALSE)
 		{
-			$this->ip_address = '0.0.0.0';
-			return $this->ip_address;
+			return $this->ip_address = '0.0.0.0';
 		}
 
 		if (strpos($this->ip_address, ',') !== FALSE)
@@ -354,7 +348,7 @@ class CI_Input {
 
 		if ( ! $this->valid_ip($this->ip_address))
 		{
-			$this->ip_address = '0.0.0.0';
+			return $this->ip_address = '0.0.0.0';
 		}
 
 		return $this->ip_address;
@@ -367,7 +361,6 @@ class CI_Input {
 	*
 	* Updated version suggested by Geert De Deckere
 	*
-	* @access	public
 	* @param	string
 	* @return	bool
 	*/
@@ -382,7 +375,7 @@ class CI_Input {
 		$ip_segments = explode('.', $ip);
 
 		// Always 4 segments needed
-		if (count($ip_segments) != 4)
+		if (count($ip_segments) !== 4)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -396,7 +389,7 @@ class CI_Input {
 		{
 			// IP segments must be digits and can not be
 			// longer than 3 digits or greater then 255
-			if ($segment == '' OR preg_match("/[^0-9]/", $segment) OR $segment > 255 OR strlen($segment) > 3)
+			if ($segment == '' OR preg_match('/[^0-9]/', $segment) OR $segment > 255 OR strlen($segment) > 3)
 			{
 				return FALSE;
 			}
@@ -410,7 +403,6 @@ class CI_Input {
 	/**
 	* User Agent
 	*
-	* @access	public
 	* @return	string
 	*/
 	public function user_agent()
@@ -420,9 +412,7 @@ class CI_Input {
 			return $this->user_agent;
 		}
 
-		$this->user_agent = ( ! isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'])) ? FALSE : $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'];
-
-		return $this->user_agent;
+		return $this->user_agent = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] : FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -432,22 +422,20 @@ class CI_Input {
 	*
 	* This function does the following:
 	*
-	* Unsets $_GET data (if query strings are not enabled)
-	*
-	* Unsets all globals if register_globals is enabled
+	* - Unsets $_GET data (if query strings are not enabled)
+	* - Unsets all globals if register_globals is enabled
+	* - Standardizes newline characters to \n
 	*
-	* Standardizes newline characters to \n
-	*
-	* @access	private
 	* @return	void
 	*/
-	private function _sanitize_globals()
+	protected function _sanitize_globals()
 	{
 		// It would be "wrong" to unset any of these GLOBALS.
 		$protected = array('_SERVER', '_GET', '_POST', '_FILES', '_REQUEST',
-							'_SESSION', '_ENV', 'GLOBALS', 'HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA',
-							'system_folder', 'application_folder', 'BM', 'EXT',
-							'CFG', 'URI', 'RTR', 'OUT', 'IN');
+					'_SESSION', '_ENV', 'GLOBALS', 'HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA',
+					'system_folder', 'application_folder', 'BM', 'EXT',
+					'CFG', 'URI', 'RTR', 'OUT', 'IN'
+				);
 
 		// Unset globals for securiy.
 		// This is effectively the same as register_globals = off
@@ -479,19 +467,16 @@ class CI_Input {
 		{
 			$_GET = array();
 		}
-		else
+		elseif (is_array($_GET) && count($_GET) > 0)
 		{
-			if (is_array($_GET) AND count($_GET) > 0)
+			foreach ($_GET as $key => $val)
 			{
-				foreach ($_GET as $key => $val)
-				{
-					$_GET[$this->_clean_input_keys($key)] = $this->_clean_input_data($val);
-				}
+				$_GET[$this->_clean_input_keys($key)] = $this->_clean_input_data($val);
 			}
 		}
 
 		// Clean $_POST Data
-		if (is_array($_POST) AND count($_POST) > 0)
+		if (is_array($_POST) && count($_POST) > 0)
 		{
 			foreach ($_POST as $key => $val)
 			{
@@ -500,7 +485,7 @@ class CI_Input {
 		}
 
 		// Clean $_COOKIE Data
-		if (is_array($_COOKIE) AND count($_COOKIE) > 0)
+		if (is_array($_COOKIE) && count($_COOKIE) > 0)
 		{
 			// Also get rid of specially treated cookies that might be set by a server
 			// or silly application, that are of no use to a CI application anyway
@@ -520,14 +505,13 @@ class CI_Input {
 		// Sanitize PHP_SELF
 		$_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] = strip_tags($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']);
 
-
 		// CSRF Protection check
 		if ($this->_enable_csrf == TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->security->csrf_verify();
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', "Global POST and COOKIE data sanitized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Global POST and COOKIE data sanitized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -538,11 +522,10 @@ class CI_Input {
 	* This is a helper function. It escapes data and
 	* standardizes newline characters to \n
 	*
-	* @access	private
 	* @param	string
 	* @return	string
 	*/
-	private function _clean_input_data($str)
+	protected function _clean_input_data($str)
 	{
 		if (is_array($str))
 		{
@@ -554,8 +537,12 @@ class CI_Input {
 			return $new_array;
 		}
 
-		// We strip slashes if magic quotes is on to keep things consistent
-		if (function_exists('get_magic_quotes_gpc') AND @get_magic_quotes_gpc())
+		/* We strip slashes if magic quotes is on to keep things consistent
+
+		   NOTE: In PHP 5.4 get_magic_quotes_gpc() will always return 0 and
+			 it will probably not exist in future versions at all.
+		*/
+		if ( ! is_php('5.4') && get_magic_quotes_gpc())
 		{
 			$str = stripslashes($str);
 		}
@@ -576,12 +563,9 @@ class CI_Input {
 		}
 
 		// Standardize newlines if needed
-		if ($this->_standardize_newlines == TRUE)
+		if ($this->_standardize_newlines == TRUE && strpos($str, "\r") !== FALSE)
 		{
-			if (strpos($str, "\r") !== FALSE)
-			{
-				$str = str_replace(array("\r\n", "\r", "\r\n\n"), PHP_EOL, $str);
-			}
+			return str_replace(array("\r\n", "\r", "\r\n\n"), PHP_EOL, $str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -596,21 +580,21 @@ class CI_Input {
 	* from trying to exploit keys we make sure that keys are
 	* only named with alpha-numeric text and a few other items.
 	*
-	* @access	private
 	* @param	string
 	* @return	string
 	*/
-	private function _clean_input_keys($str)
+	protected function _clean_input_keys($str)
 	{
-		if ( ! preg_match("/^[a-z0-9:_\/-]+$/i", $str))
+		if ( ! preg_match('/^[a-z0-9:_\/-]+$/i', $str))
 		{
+			set_status_header(503);
 			exit('Disallowed Key Characters.');
 		}
 
 		// Clean UTF-8 if supported
 		if (UTF8_ENABLED === TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = $this->uni->clean_string($str);
+			return $this->uni->clean_string($str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -624,10 +608,8 @@ class CI_Input {
 	 * In Apache, you can simply call apache_request_headers(), however for
 	 * people running other webservers the function is undefined.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	bool XSS cleaning
-	 *
-	 * @return array
+	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	public function request_headers($xss_clean = FALSE)
 	{
@@ -638,11 +620,11 @@ class CI_Input {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$headers['Content-Type'] = (isset($_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE'])) ? $_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE'] : @getenv('CONTENT_TYPE');
+			$headers['Content-Type'] = isset($_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE']) ? $_SERVER['CONTENT_TYPE'] : @getenv('CONTENT_TYPE');
 
 			foreach ($_SERVER as $key => $val)
 			{
-				if (strncmp($key, 'HTTP_', 5) === 0)
+				if (strpos($key, 'HTTP_') === 0)
 				{
 					$headers[substr($key, 5)] = $this->_fetch_from_array($_SERVER, $key, $xss_clean);
 				}
@@ -668,10 +650,9 @@ class CI_Input {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the value of a single member of the headers class member
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param 	string		array key for $this->headers
-	 * @param	boolean		XSS Clean or not
-	 * @return 	mixed		FALSE on failure, string on success
+	 * @param	string	array key for $this->headers
+	 * @param	bool	XSS Clean or not
+	 * @return	mixed	FALSE on failure, string on success
 	 */
 	public function get_request_header($index, $xss_clean = FALSE)
 	{
@@ -685,12 +666,9 @@ class CI_Input {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		if ($xss_clean === TRUE)
-		{
-			return $this->security->xss_clean($this->headers[$index]);
-		}
-
-		return $this->headers[$index];
+		return ($xss_clean === TRUE)
+			? $this->security->xss_clean($this->headers[$index])
+			: $this->headers[$index];
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -700,12 +678,11 @@ class CI_Input {
 	 *
 	 * Test to see if a request contains the HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH header
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return 	boolean
+	 * @return 	bool
 	 */
 	public function is_ajax_request()
 	{
-		return ($this->server('HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH') === 'XMLHttpRequest');
+		return ( ! empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH']) && strtolower($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH']) === 'xmlhttprequest');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -715,16 +692,14 @@ class CI_Input {
 	 *
 	 * Test to see if a request was made from the command line
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return 	boolean
+	 * @return 	bool
 	 */
 	public function is_cli_request()
 	{
-		return (php_sapi_name() == 'cli') or defined('STDIN');
+		return (php_sapi_name() === 'cli' OR defined('STDIN'));
 	}
 
 }
-// END Input class
 
 /* End of file Input.php */
 /* Location: ./system/core/Input.php */
diff --git a/system/core/Lang.php b/system/core/Lang.php
index d61d1029a..c40a6856e 100755
--- a/system/core/Lang.php
+++ b/system/core/Lang.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Language
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/language.html
  */
 class CI_Lang {
@@ -31,22 +43,17 @@ class CI_Lang {
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
-	var $language	= array();
+	public $language	= array();
 	/**
 	 * List of loaded language files
 	 *
 	 * @var array
 	 */
-	var $is_loaded	= array();
+	public $is_loaded	= array();
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 */
-	function __construct()
+	public function __construct()
 	{
-		log_message('debug', "Language Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Language Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -54,7 +61,6 @@ class CI_Lang {
 	/**
 	 * Load a language file
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed	the name of the language file to be loaded. Can be an array
 	 * @param	string	the language (english, etc.)
 	 * @param	bool	return loaded array of translations
@@ -62,7 +68,7 @@ class CI_Lang {
 	 * @param 	string	alternative path to look for language file
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function load($langfile = '', $idiom = '', $return = FALSE, $add_suffix = TRUE, $alt_path = '')
+	public function load($langfile = '', $idiom = '', $return = FALSE, $add_suffix = TRUE, $alt_path = '')
 	{
 		$langfile = str_replace('.php', '', $langfile);
 
@@ -124,7 +130,7 @@ class CI_Lang {
 		}
 
 		$this->is_loaded[] = $langfile;
-		$this->language = $this->language + $lang;
+		$this->language = array_merge($this->language, $lang);
 		unset($lang);
 
 		log_message('debug', 'Language file loaded: language/'.$idiom.'/'.$langfile);
@@ -136,11 +142,10 @@ class CI_Lang {
 	/**
 	 * Fetch a single line of text from the language array
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	$line	the language line
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function line($line = '')
+	public function line($line = '')
 	{
 		$value = ($line == '' OR ! isset($this->language[$line])) ? FALSE : $this->language[$line];
 
@@ -154,7 +159,6 @@ class CI_Lang {
 	}
 
 }
-// END Language Class
 
 /* End of file Lang.php */
 /* Location: ./system/core/Lang.php */
diff --git a/system/core/Loader.php b/system/core/Loader.php
index de0fc06d2..12daaa928 100755..100644
--- a/system/core/Loader.php
+++ b/system/core/Loader.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -22,7 +34,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @category	Loader
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/loader.html
  */
@@ -33,88 +45,77 @@ class CI_Loader {
 	 * Nesting level of the output buffering mechanism
 	 *
 	 * @var int
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_ob_level;
 	/**
 	 * List of paths to load views from
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_view_paths		= array();
 	/**
 	 * List of paths to load libraries from
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_library_paths	= array();
 	/**
 	 * List of paths to load models from
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_model_paths		= array();
 	/**
 	 * List of paths to load helpers from
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_helper_paths		= array();
 	/**
 	 * List of loaded base classes
-	 * Set by the controller class
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
 	protected $_base_classes		= array(); // Set by the controller class
 	/**
 	 * List of cached variables
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_cached_vars		= array();
 	/**
 	 * List of loaded classes
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_classes			= array();
 	/**
 	 * List of loaded files
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_loaded_files		= array();
 	/**
 	 * List of loaded models
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_models			= array();
 	/**
 	 * List of loaded helpers
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
 	protected $_ci_helpers			= array();
 	/**
 	 * List of class name mappings
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
-	protected $_ci_varmap			= array('unit_test' => 'unit',
-											'user_agent' => 'agent');
+	protected $_ci_varmap			= array(
+							'unit_test' => 'unit',
+							'user_agent' => 'agent'
+							);
 
 	/**
 	 * Constructor
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ class CI_Loader {
 		$this->_ci_model_paths = array(APPPATH);
 		$this->_ci_view_paths = array(VIEWPATH	=> TRUE);
 
-		log_message('debug', "Loader Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Loader Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -150,7 +151,6 @@ class CI_Loader {
 		$this->_base_classes =& is_loaded();
 
 		$this->_ci_autoloader();
-
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -250,10 +250,10 @@ class CI_Loader {
 		if (($last_slash = strrpos($model, '/')) !== FALSE)
 		{
 			// The path is in front of the last slash
-			$path = substr($model, 0, $last_slash + 1);
+			$path = substr($model, 0, ++$last_slash);
 
 			// And the model name behind it
-			$model = substr($model, $last_slash + 1);
+			$model = substr($model, $last_slash);
 		}
 
 		if ($name == '')
@@ -299,9 +299,7 @@ class CI_Loader {
 			require_once($mod_path.'models/'.$path.$model.'.php');
 
 			$model = ucfirst($model);
-
 			$CI->$name = new $model();
-
 			$this->_ci_models[] = $name;
 			return;
 		}
@@ -338,7 +336,7 @@ class CI_Loader {
 			return DB($params, $active_record);
 		}
 
-		// Initialize the db variable.  Needed to prevent
+		// Initialize the db variable. Needed to prevent
 		// reference errors with some configurations
 		$CI->db = '';
 
@@ -483,6 +481,20 @@ class CI_Loader {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Get Variables
+	 *
+	 * Retrieve all loaded variables
+	 *
+	 * @return	array
+	 */
+	public function get_vars()
+	{
+		return $this->_ci_cached_vars;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Load Helper
 	 *
 	 * This function loads the specified helper file.
@@ -616,6 +628,11 @@ class CI_Loader {
 			require BASEPATH.'libraries/Driver.php';
 		}
 
+		if ($library == '')
+		{
+			return FALSE;
+		}
+
 		// We can save the loader some time since Drivers will *always* be in a subfolder,
 		// and typically identically named to the library
 		if ( ! strpos($library, '/'))
@@ -685,11 +702,11 @@ class CI_Loader {
 
 		if ($path == '')
 		{
-			$void = array_shift($this->_ci_library_paths);
-			$void = array_shift($this->_ci_model_paths);
-			$void = array_shift($this->_ci_helper_paths);
-			$void = array_shift($this->_ci_view_paths);
-			$void = array_shift($config->_config_paths);
+			array_shift($this->_ci_library_paths);
+			array_shift($this->_ci_model_paths);
+			array_shift($this->_ci_helper_paths);
+			array_shift($this->_ci_view_paths);
+			array_shift($config->_config_paths);
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -777,7 +794,6 @@ class CI_Loader {
 
 		// This allows anything loaded using $this->load (views, files, etc.)
 		// to become accessible from within the Controller and Model functions.
-
 		$_ci_CI =& get_instance();
 		foreach (get_object_vars($_ci_CI) as $_ci_key => $_ci_var)
 		{
@@ -806,22 +822,20 @@ class CI_Loader {
 		 *
 		 * We buffer the output for two reasons:
 		 * 1. Speed. You get a significant speed boost.
-		 * 2. So that the final rendered template can be
-		 * post-processed by the output class.  Why do we
-		 * need post processing?  For one thing, in order to
-		 * show the elapsed page load time.  Unless we
-		 * can intercept the content right before it's sent to
-		 * the browser and then stop the timer it won't be accurate.
+		 * 2. So that the final rendered template can be post-processed by
+		 *    the output class. Why do we need post processing? For one thing,
+		 *    in order to show the elapsed page load time. Unless we can
+		 *    intercept the content right before it's sent to the browser and
+		 *    then stop the timer it won't be accurate.
 		 */
 		ob_start();
 
 		// If the PHP installation does not support short tags we'll
 		// do a little string replacement, changing the short tags
 		// to standard PHP echo statements.
-
 		if ((bool) @ini_get('short_open_tag') === FALSE AND config_item('rewrite_short_tags') == TRUE)
 		{
-			echo eval('?>'.preg_replace("/;*\s*\?>/", "; ?>", str_replace('<?=', '<?php echo ', file_get_contents($_ci_path))));
+			echo eval('?>'.preg_replace('/;*\s*\?>/', '; ?>', str_replace('<?=', '<?php echo ', file_get_contents($_ci_path))));
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -846,7 +860,6 @@ class CI_Loader {
 		 * we are beyond the first level of output buffering so that
 		 * it can be seen and included properly by the first included
 		 * template and any subsequent ones. Oy!
-		 *
 		 */
 		if (ob_get_level() > $this->_ci_ob_level + 1)
 		{
@@ -884,10 +897,10 @@ class CI_Loader {
 		if (($last_slash = strrpos($class, '/')) !== FALSE)
 		{
 			// Extract the path
-			$subdir = substr($class, 0, $last_slash + 1);
+			$subdir = substr($class, 0, ++$last_slash);
 
 			// Get the filename from the path
-			$class = substr($class, $last_slash + 1);
+			$class = substr($class, $last_slash);
 		}
 
 		// We'll test for both lowercase and capitalized versions of the file name
@@ -902,15 +915,15 @@ class CI_Loader {
 
 				if ( ! file_exists($baseclass))
 				{
-					log_message('error', "Unable to load the requested class: ".$class);
-					show_error("Unable to load the requested class: ".$class);
+					log_message('error', 'Unable to load the requested class: '.$class);
+					show_error('Unable to load the requested class: '.$class);
 				}
 
-				// Safety:  Was the class already loaded by a previous call?
+				// Safety: Was the class already loaded by a previous call?
 				if (in_array($subclass, $this->_ci_loaded_files))
 				{
 					// Before we deem this to be a duplicate request, let's see
-					// if a custom object name is being supplied.  If so, we'll
+					// if a custom object name is being supplied. If so, we'll
 					// return a new instance of the object
 					if ( ! is_null($object_name))
 					{
@@ -922,7 +935,7 @@ class CI_Loader {
 					}
 
 					$is_duplicate = TRUE;
-					log_message('debug', $class." class already loaded. Second attempt ignored.");
+					log_message('debug', $class.' class already loaded. Second attempt ignored.');
 					return;
 				}
 
@@ -939,17 +952,17 @@ class CI_Loader {
 			{
 				$filepath = $path.'libraries/'.$subdir.$class.'.php';
 
-				// Does the file exist?  No?  Bummer...
+				// Does the file exist? No? Bummer...
 				if ( ! file_exists($filepath))
 				{
 					continue;
 				}
 
-				// Safety:  Was the class already loaded by a previous call?
+				// Safety: Was the class already loaded by a previous call?
 				if (in_array($filepath, $this->_ci_loaded_files))
 				{
 					// Before we deem this to be a duplicate request, let's see
-					// if a custom object name is being supplied.  If so, we'll
+					// if a custom object name is being supplied. If so, we'll
 					// return a new instance of the object
 					if ( ! is_null($object_name))
 					{
@@ -961,7 +974,7 @@ class CI_Loader {
 					}
 
 					$is_duplicate = TRUE;
-					log_message('debug', $class." class already loaded. Second attempt ignored.");
+					log_message('debug', $class.' class already loaded. Second attempt ignored.');
 					return;
 				}
 
@@ -972,7 +985,7 @@ class CI_Loader {
 
 		} // END FOREACH
 
-		// One last attempt.  Maybe the library is in a subdirectory, but it wasn't specified?
+		// One last attempt. Maybe the library is in a subdirectory, but it wasn't specified?
 		if ($subdir == '')
 		{
 			$path = strtolower($class).'/'.$class;
@@ -983,8 +996,8 @@ class CI_Loader {
 		// We do not issue errors if the load call failed due to a duplicate request
 		if ($is_duplicate == FALSE)
 		{
-			log_message('error', "Unable to load the requested class: ".$class);
-			show_error("Unable to load the requested class: ".$class);
+			log_message('error', 'Unable to load the requested class: '.$class);
+			show_error('Unable to load the requested class: '.$class);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1063,12 +1076,12 @@ class CI_Loader {
 		// Is the class name valid?
 		if ( ! class_exists($name))
 		{
-			log_message('error', "Non-existent class: ".$name);
-			show_error("Non-existent class: ".$class);
+			log_message('error', 'Non-existent class: '.$name);
+			show_error('Non-existent class: '.$class);
 		}
 
 		// Set the variable name we will assign the class to
-		// Was a custom class name supplied?  If so we'll use it
+		// Was a custom class name supplied? If so we'll use it
 		$class = strtolower($class);
 
 		if (is_null($object_name))
@@ -1150,13 +1163,6 @@ class CI_Loader {
 			}
 		}
 
-		// A little tweak to remain backward compatible
-		// The $autoload['core'] item was deprecated
-		if ( ! isset($autoload['libraries']) AND isset($autoload['core']))
-		{
-			$autoload['libraries'] = $autoload['core'];
-		}
-
 		// Load libraries
 		if (isset($autoload['libraries']) AND count($autoload['libraries']) > 0)
 		{
@@ -1225,13 +1231,13 @@ class CI_Loader {
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($filename))
 		{
-			return array(strtolower(str_replace('.php', '', str_replace($extension, '', $filename)).$extension));
+			return array(strtolower(str_replace(array($extension, '.php'), '', $filename).$extension));
 		}
 		else
 		{
 			foreach ($filename as $key => $val)
 			{
-				$filename[$key] = strtolower(str_replace('.php', '', str_replace($extension, '', $val)).$extension);
+				$filename[$key] = strtolower(str_replace(array($extension, '.php'), '', $val).$extension);
 			}
 
 			return $filename;
@@ -1240,4 +1246,4 @@ class CI_Loader {
 }
 
 /* End of file Loader.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Loader.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/core/Loader.php */
diff --git a/system/core/Model.php b/system/core/Model.php
index e15ffbebc..a595a6ae2 100755
--- a/system/core/Model.php
+++ b/system/core/Model.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,19 +33,14 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/config.html
  */
 class CI_Model {
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 *
-	 * @access public
-	 */
-	function __construct()
+	public function __construct()
 	{
-		log_message('debug', "Model Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Model Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -43,15 +50,13 @@ class CI_Model {
 	 * syntax as controllers.
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @access private
 	 */
-	function __get($key)
+	public function __get($key)
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 		return $CI->$key;
 	}
 }
-// END Model Class
 
 /* End of file Model.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Model.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/core/Model.php */
diff --git a/system/core/Output.php b/system/core/Output.php
index ccecafd2b..abd8a0ea9 100755
--- a/system/core/Output.php
+++ b/system/core/Output.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -23,7 +35,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Output
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/output.html
  */
 class CI_Output {
@@ -32,71 +44,59 @@ class CI_Output {
 	 * Current output string
 	 *
 	 * @var string
-	 * @access 	protected
 	 */
 	protected $final_output;
 	/**
 	 * Cache expiration time
 	 *
 	 * @var int
-	 * @access 	protected
 	 */
 	protected $cache_expiration	= 0;
 	/**
 	 * List of server headers
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access 	protected
 	 */
 	protected $headers			= array();
 	/**
 	 * List of mime types
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access 	protected
 	 */
 	protected $mime_types		= array();
 	/**
 	 * Determines wether profiler is enabled
 	 *
 	 * @var book
-	 * @access 	protected
 	 */
 	protected $enable_profiler	= FALSE;
 	/**
 	 * Determines if output compression is enabled
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
-	 * @access 	protected
 	 */
 	protected $_zlib_oc			= FALSE;
 	/**
 	 * List of profiler sections
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access 	protected
 	 */
 	protected $_profiler_sections = array();
 	/**
 	 * Whether or not to parse variables like {elapsed_time} and {memory_usage}
 	 *
 	 * @var bool
-	 * @access 	protected
 	 */
 	protected $parse_exec_vars	= TRUE;
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 *
-	 */
-	function __construct()
+	public function __construct()
 	{
 		$this->_zlib_oc = @ini_get('zlib.output_compression');
 
 		// Get mime types for later
 		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND file_exists(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php'))
 		{
-		    include APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php';
+			include APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php';
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -105,8 +105,7 @@ class CI_Output {
 
 
 		$this->mime_types = $mimes;
-
-		log_message('debug', "Output Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Output Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -116,10 +115,9 @@ class CI_Output {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the current output string
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function get_output()
+	public function get_output()
 	{
 		return $this->final_output;
 	}
@@ -131,14 +129,12 @@ class CI_Output {
 	 *
 	 * Sets the output string
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_output($output)
+	public function set_output($output)
 	{
 		$this->final_output = $output;
-
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -149,11 +145,10 @@ class CI_Output {
 	 *
 	 * Appends data onto the output string
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function append_output($output)
+	public function append_output($output)
 	{
 		if ($this->final_output == '')
 		{
@@ -177,25 +172,22 @@ class CI_Output {
 	 * Note:  If a file is cached, headers will not be sent.  We need to figure out
 	 * how to permit header data to be saved with the cache data...
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param 	bool
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_header($header, $replace = TRUE)
+	public function set_header($header, $replace = TRUE)
 	{
 		// If zlib.output_compression is enabled it will compress the output,
 		// but it will not modify the content-length header to compensate for
 		// the reduction, causing the browser to hang waiting for more data.
 		// We'll just skip content-length in those cases.
-
 		if ($this->_zlib_oc && strncasecmp($header, 'content-length', 14) == 0)
 		{
 			return;
 		}
 
 		$this->headers[] = array($header, $replace);
-
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -204,11 +196,10 @@ class CI_Output {
 	/**
 	 * Set Content Type Header
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	extension of the file we're outputting
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_content_type($mime_type)
+	public function set_content_type($mime_type)
 	{
 		if (strpos($mime_type, '/') === FALSE)
 		{
@@ -229,7 +220,6 @@ class CI_Output {
 		$header = 'Content-Type: '.$mime_type;
 
 		$this->headers[] = array($header, TRUE);
-
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -239,15 +229,13 @@ class CI_Output {
 	 * Set HTTP Status Header
 	 * moved to Common procedural functions in 1.7.2
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	int		the status code
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_status_header($code = 200, $text = '')
+	public function set_status_header($code = 200, $text = '')
 	{
 		set_status_header($code, $text);
-
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -256,14 +244,12 @@ class CI_Output {
 	/**
 	 * Enable/disable Profiler
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function enable_profiler($val = TRUE)
+	public function enable_profiler($val = TRUE)
 	{
 		$this->enable_profiler = (is_bool($val)) ? $val : TRUE;
-
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -274,11 +260,10 @@ class CI_Output {
 	 *
 	 * Allows override of default / config settings for Profiler section display
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_profiler_sections($sections)
+	public function set_profiler_sections($sections)
 	{
 		foreach ($sections as $section => $enable)
 		{
@@ -293,14 +278,12 @@ class CI_Output {
 	/**
 	 * Set Cache
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	integer
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function cache($time)
+	public function cache($time)
 	{
 		$this->cache_expiration = ( ! is_numeric($time)) ? 0 : $time;
-
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -317,11 +300,10 @@ class CI_Output {
 	 * with any server headers and profile data.  It also stops the
 	 * benchmark timer so the page rendering speed and memory usage can be shown.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param 	string
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _display($output = '')
+	public function _display($output = '')
 	{
 		// Note:  We use globals because we can't use $CI =& get_instance()
 		// since this function is sometimes called by the caching mechanism,
@@ -363,22 +345,17 @@ class CI_Output {
 		{
 			$memory	 = ( ! function_exists('memory_get_usage')) ? '0' : round(memory_get_usage()/1024/1024, 2).'MB';
 
-			$output = str_replace('{elapsed_time}', $elapsed, $output);
-			$output = str_replace('{memory_usage}', $memory, $output);
+			$output = str_replace(array('{elapsed_time}', '{memory_usage}'), array($elapsed, $memory), $output);
 		}
 
 		// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 		// Is compression requested?
-		if ($CFG->item('compress_output') === TRUE && $this->_zlib_oc == FALSE)
+		if ($CFG->item('compress_output') === TRUE && $this->_zlib_oc == FALSE
+			&& extension_loaded('zlib')
+			&& isset($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING']) && strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'], 'gzip') !== FALSE)
 		{
-			if (extension_loaded('zlib'))
-			{
-				if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING']) AND strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'], 'gzip') !== FALSE)
-				{
-					ob_start('ob_gzhandler');
-				}
-			}
+			ob_start('ob_gzhandler');
 		}
 
 		// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -400,8 +377,8 @@ class CI_Output {
 		if ( ! isset($CI))
 		{
 			echo $output;
-			log_message('debug', "Final output sent to browser");
-			log_message('debug', "Total execution time: ".$elapsed);
+			log_message('debug', 'Final output sent to browser');
+			log_message('debug', 'Total execution time: '.$elapsed);
 			return TRUE;
 		}
 
@@ -412,7 +389,6 @@ class CI_Output {
 		if ($this->enable_profiler == TRUE)
 		{
 			$CI->load->library('profiler');
-
 			if ( ! empty($this->_profiler_sections))
 			{
 				$CI->profiler->set_sections($this->_profiler_sections);
@@ -420,20 +396,13 @@ class CI_Output {
 
 			// If the output data contains closing </body> and </html> tags
 			// we will remove them and add them back after we insert the profile data
-			if (preg_match("|</body>.*?</html>|is", $output))
+			$output = preg_replace('|</body>.*?</html>|is', '', $output, -1, $count).$CI->profiler->run();
+			if ($count > 0)
 			{
-				$output  = preg_replace("|</body>.*?</html>|is", '', $output);
-				$output .= $CI->profiler->run();
 				$output .= '</body></html>';
 			}
-			else
-			{
-				$output .= $CI->profiler->run();
-			}
 		}
 
-		// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 		// Does the controller contain a function named _output()?
 		// If so send the output there.  Otherwise, echo it.
 		if (method_exists($CI, '_output'))
@@ -442,11 +411,11 @@ class CI_Output {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			echo $output;  // Send it to the browser!
+			echo $output; // Send it to the browser!
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', "Final output sent to browser");
-		log_message('debug', "Total execution time: ".$elapsed);
+		log_message('debug', 'Final output sent to browser');
+		log_message('debug', 'Total execution time: '.$elapsed);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -454,20 +423,18 @@ class CI_Output {
 	/**
 	 * Write a Cache File
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param 	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _write_cache($output)
+	public function _write_cache($output)
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 		$path = $CI->config->item('cache_path');
-
 		$cache_path = ($path == '') ? APPPATH.'cache/' : $path;
 
 		if ( ! is_dir($cache_path) OR ! is_really_writable($cache_path))
 		{
-			log_message('error', "Unable to write cache file: ".$cache_path);
+			log_message('error', 'Unable to write cache file: '.$cache_path);
 			return;
 		}
 
@@ -479,7 +446,7 @@ class CI_Output {
 
 		if ( ! $fp = @fopen($cache_path, FOPEN_WRITE_CREATE_DESTRUCTIVE))
 		{
-			log_message('error', "Unable to write cache file: ".$cache_path);
+			log_message('error', 'Unable to write cache file: '.$cache_path);
 			return;
 		}
 
@@ -492,13 +459,13 @@ class CI_Output {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			log_message('error', "Unable to secure a file lock for file at: ".$cache_path);
+			log_message('error', 'Unable to secure a file lock for file at: '.$cache_path);
 			return;
 		}
 		fclose($fp);
 		@chmod($cache_path, FILE_WRITE_MODE);
 
-		log_message('debug', "Cache file written: ".$cache_path);
+		log_message('debug', 'Cache file written: '.$cache_path);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -506,69 +473,51 @@ class CI_Output {
 	/**
 	 * Update/serve a cached file
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param 	object	config class
 	 * @param 	object	uri class
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _display_cache(&$CFG, &$URI)
+	public function _display_cache(&$CFG, &$URI)
 	{
 		$cache_path = ($CFG->item('cache_path') == '') ? APPPATH.'cache/' : $CFG->item('cache_path');
 
-		// Build the file path.  The file name is an MD5 hash of the full URI
-		$uri =	$CFG->item('base_url').
-				$CFG->item('index_page').
-				$URI->uri_string;
-
+		// Build the file path. The file name is an MD5 hash of the full URI
+		$uri =	$CFG->item('base_url').$CFG->item('index_page').$URI->uri_string;
 		$filepath = $cache_path.md5($uri);
 
-		if ( ! @file_exists($filepath))
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		if ( ! $fp = @fopen($filepath, FOPEN_READ))
+		if ( ! @file_exists($filepath) OR ! $fp = @fopen($filepath, FOPEN_READ))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		flock($fp, LOCK_SH);
 
-		$cache = '';
-		if (filesize($filepath) > 0)
-		{
-			$cache = fread($fp, filesize($filepath));
-		}
+		$cache = (filesize($filepath) > 0) ? fread($fp, filesize($filepath)) : '';
 
 		flock($fp, LOCK_UN);
 		fclose($fp);
 
 		// Strip out the embedded timestamp
-		if ( ! preg_match("/(\d+TS--->)/", $cache, $match))
+		if ( ! preg_match('/(\d+TS--->)/', $cache, $match))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		// Has the file expired? If so we'll delete it.
-		if (time() >= trim(str_replace('TS--->', '', $match['1'])))
+		if (time() >= trim(str_replace('TS--->', '', $match[1])) && is_really_writable($cache_path))
 		{
-			if (is_really_writable($cache_path))
-			{
-				@unlink($filepath);
-				log_message('debug', "Cache file has expired. File deleted");
-				return FALSE;
-			}
+			@unlink($filepath);
+			log_message('debug', 'Cache file has expired. File deleted.');
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		// Display the cache
-		$this->_display(str_replace($match['0'], '', $cache));
-		log_message('debug', "Cache file is current. Sending it to browser.");
+		$this->_display(str_replace($match[0], '', $cache));
+		log_message('debug', 'Cache file is current. Sending it to browser.');
 		return TRUE;
 	}
 
-
 }
-// END Output Class
 
 /* End of file Output.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Output.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/core/Output.php */
diff --git a/system/core/Router.php b/system/core/Router.php
index 6da667472..d21319565 100755
--- a/system/core/Router.php
+++ b/system/core/Router.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -22,7 +34,7 @@
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @category	Libraries
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/routing.html
  */
@@ -32,62 +44,55 @@ class CI_Router {
 	 * Config class
 	 *
 	 * @var object
-	 * @access public
 	 */
-	var $config;
+	public $config;
 	/**
 	 * List of routes
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access public
 	 */
-	var $routes			= array();
+	public $routes			= array();
 	/**
 	 * List of error routes
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access public
 	 */
-	var $error_routes	= array();
+	public $error_routes	= array();
 	/**
 	 * Current class name
 	 *
 	 * @var string
-	 * @access public
 	 */
-	var $class			= '';
+	public $class			= '';
 	/**
 	 * Current method name
 	 *
 	 * @var string
-	 * @access public
 	 */
-	var $method			= 'index';
+	public $method			= 'index';
 	/**
 	 * Sub-directory that contains the requested controller class
 	 *
 	 * @var string
-	 * @access public
 	 */
-	var $directory		= '';
+	public $directory		= '';
 	/**
 	 * Default controller (and method if specific)
 	 *
 	 * @var string
-	 * @access public
 	 */
-	var $default_controller;
+	public $default_controller;
 
 	/**
 	 * Constructor
 	 *
 	 * Runs the route mapping function.
 	 */
-	function __construct()
+	public function __construct()
 	{
 		$this->config =& load_class('Config', 'core');
 		$this->uri =& load_class('URI', 'core');
-		log_message('debug', "Router Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Router Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -98,12 +103,11 @@ class CI_Router {
 	 * This function determines what should be served based on the URI request,
 	 * as well as any "routes" that have been set in the routing config file.
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _set_routing()
+	public function _set_routing()
 	{
-		// Are query strings enabled in the config file?  Normally CI doesn't utilize query strings
+		// Are query strings enabled in the config file? Normally CI doesn't utilize query strings
 		// since URI segments are more search-engine friendly, but they can optionally be used.
 		// If this feature is enabled, we will gather the directory/class/method a little differently
 		$segments = array();
@@ -145,7 +149,7 @@ class CI_Router {
 		// the URI doesn't correlated to a valid controller.
 		$this->default_controller = ( ! isset($this->routes['default_controller']) OR $this->routes['default_controller'] == '') ? FALSE : strtolower($this->routes['default_controller']);
 
-		// Were there any query string segments?  If so, we'll validate them and bail out since we're done.
+		// Were there any query string segments? If so, we'll validate them and bail out since we're done.
 		if (count($segments) > 0)
 		{
 			return $this->_validate_request($segments);
@@ -160,17 +164,10 @@ class CI_Router {
 			return $this->_set_default_controller();
 		}
 
-		// Do we need to remove the URL suffix?
-		$this->uri->_remove_url_suffix();
-
-		// Compile the segments into an array
-		$this->uri->_explode_segments();
-
-		// Parse any custom routing that may exist
-		$this->_parse_routes();
-
-		// Re-index the segment array so that it starts with 1 rather than 0
-		$this->uri->_reindex_segments();
+		$this->uri->_remove_url_suffix(); // Remove the URL suffix
+		$this->uri->_explode_segments(); // Compile the segments into an array
+		$this->_parse_routes(); // Parse any custom routing that may exist
+		$this->uri->_reindex_segments(); // Re-index the segment array so that it starts with 1 rather than 0
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -178,20 +175,18 @@ class CI_Router {
 	/**
 	 * Set the default controller
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _set_default_controller()
+	protected function _set_default_controller()
 	{
 		if ($this->default_controller === FALSE)
 		{
-			show_error("Unable to determine what should be displayed. A default route has not been specified in the routing file.");
+			show_error('Unable to determine what should be displayed. A default route has not been specified in the routing file.');
 		}
 		// Is the method being specified?
 		if (strpos($this->default_controller, '/') !== FALSE)
 		{
 			$x = explode('/', $this->default_controller);
-
 			$this->set_class($x[0]);
 			$this->set_method($x[1]);
 			$this->_set_request($x);
@@ -206,7 +201,7 @@ class CI_Router {
 		// re-index the routed segments array so it starts with 1 rather than 0
 		$this->uri->_reindex_segments();
 
-		log_message('debug', "No URI present. Default controller set.");
+		log_message('debug', 'No URI present. Default controller set.');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -217,16 +212,15 @@ class CI_Router {
 	 * This function takes an array of URI segments as
 	 * input, and sets the current class/method
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _set_request($segments = array())
+	protected function _set_request($segments = array())
 	{
 		$segments = $this->_validate_request($segments);
 
-		if (count($segments) == 0)
+		if (count($segments) === 0)
 		{
 			return $this->_set_default_controller();
 		}
@@ -257,13 +251,12 @@ class CI_Router {
 	 * Validates the supplied segments.  Attempts to determine the path to
 	 * the controller.
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _validate_request($segments)
+	protected function _validate_request($segments)
 	{
-		if (count($segments) == 0)
+		if (count($segments) === 0)
 		{
 			return $segments;
 		}
@@ -289,7 +282,6 @@ class CI_Router {
 					if ( ! empty($this->routes['404_override']))
 					{
 						$x = explode('/', $this->routes['404_override']);
-
 						$this->set_directory('');
 						$this->set_class($x[0]);
 						$this->set_method(isset($x[1]) ? $x[1] : 'index');
@@ -308,7 +300,6 @@ class CI_Router {
 				if (strpos($this->default_controller, '/') !== FALSE)
 				{
 					$x = explode('/', $this->default_controller);
-
 					$this->set_class($x[0]);
 					$this->set_method($x[1]);
 				}
@@ -332,18 +323,16 @@ class CI_Router {
 
 
 		// If we've gotten this far it means that the URI does not correlate to a valid
-		// controller class.  We will now see if there is an override
+		// controller class. We will now see if there is an override
 		if ( ! empty($this->routes['404_override']))
 		{
 			$x = explode('/', $this->routes['404_override']);
-
 			$this->set_class($x[0]);
 			$this->set_method(isset($x[1]) ? $x[1] : 'index');
 
 			return $x;
 		}
 
-
 		// Nothing else to do at this point but show a 404
 		show_404($segments[0]);
 	}
@@ -357,10 +346,9 @@ class CI_Router {
 	 * the config/routes.php file against the URI to
 	 * determine if the class/method need to be remapped.
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _parse_routes()
+	protected function _parse_routes()
 	{
 		// Turn the segment array into a URI string
 		$uri = implode('/', $this->uri->segments);
@@ -375,7 +363,7 @@ class CI_Router {
 		foreach ($this->routes as $key => $val)
 		{
 			// Convert wild-cards to RegEx
-			$key = str_replace(':any', '.+', str_replace(':num', '[0-9]+', $key));
+			$key = str_replace(array(':any', ':num'), array('.+', '[0-9]+'), $key);
 
 			// Does the RegEx match?
 			if (preg_match('#^'.$key.'$#', $uri))
@@ -400,11 +388,10 @@ class CI_Router {
 	/**
 	 * Set the class name
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_class($class)
+	public function set_class($class)
 	{
 		$this->class = str_replace(array('/', '.'), '', $class);
 	}
@@ -414,10 +401,9 @@ class CI_Router {
 	/**
 	 * Fetch the current class
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function fetch_class()
+	public function fetch_class()
 	{
 		return $this->class;
 	}
@@ -427,11 +413,10 @@ class CI_Router {
 	/**
 	 *  Set the method name
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_method($method)
+	public function set_method($method)
 	{
 		$this->method = $method;
 	}
@@ -441,10 +426,9 @@ class CI_Router {
 	/**
 	 *  Fetch the current method
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function fetch_method()
+	public function fetch_method()
 	{
 		if ($this->method == $this->fetch_class())
 		{
@@ -459,11 +443,10 @@ class CI_Router {
 	/**
 	 *  Set the directory name
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_directory($dir)
+	public function set_directory($dir)
 	{
 		$this->directory = str_replace(array('/', '.'), '', $dir).'/';
 	}
@@ -473,10 +456,9 @@ class CI_Router {
 	/**
 	 *  Fetch the sub-directory (if any) that contains the requested controller class
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function fetch_directory()
+	public function fetch_directory()
 	{
 		return $this->directory;
 	}
@@ -486,11 +468,10 @@ class CI_Router {
 	/**
 	 *  Set the controller overrides
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	null
 	 */
-	function _set_overrides($routing)
+	public function _set_overrides($routing)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($routing))
 		{
@@ -514,9 +495,7 @@ class CI_Router {
 		}
 	}
 
-
 }
-// END Router Class
 
 /* End of file Router.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Router.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/core/Router.php */
diff --git a/system/core/Security.php b/system/core/Security.php
index 65338ced3..1007f61f4 100755
--- a/system/core/Security.php
+++ b/system/core/Security.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Security
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/security.html
  */
 class CI_Security {
@@ -30,7 +42,6 @@ class CI_Security {
 	 * Random Hash for protecting URLs
 	 *
 	 * @var string
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
 	protected $_xss_hash			= '';
 
@@ -38,7 +49,6 @@ class CI_Security {
 	 * Random Hash for Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Cookie
 	 *
 	 * @var string
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
 	protected $_csrf_hash			= '';
 
@@ -47,7 +57,6 @@ class CI_Security {
 	 * Defaults to two hours (in seconds)
 	 *
 	 * @var int
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
 	protected $_csrf_expire			= 7200;
 
@@ -55,7 +64,6 @@ class CI_Security {
 	 * Token name for Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Cookie
 	 *
 	 * @var string
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
 	protected $_csrf_token_name		= 'ci_csrf_token';
 
@@ -63,45 +71,39 @@ class CI_Security {
 	 * Cookie name for Cross Site Request Forgery Protection Cookie
 	 *
 	 * @var string
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
-	protected $_csrf_cookie_name	= 'ci_csrf_token';
+	protected $_csrf_cookie_name		= 'ci_csrf_token';
 
 	/**
 	 * List of never allowed strings
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
-
 	protected $_never_allowed_str = array(
-					'document.cookie'	=> '[removed]',
-					'document.write'	=> '[removed]',
-					'.parentNode'		=> '[removed]',
-					'.innerHTML'		=> '[removed]',
-					'window.location'	=> '[removed]',
-					'-moz-binding'		=> '[removed]',
-					'<!--'				=> '&lt;!--',
-					'-->'				=> '--&gt;',
-					'<![CDATA['			=> '&lt;![CDATA['
-	);
+						'document.cookie'	=> '[removed]',
+						'document.write'	=> '[removed]',
+						'.parentNode'		=> '[removed]',
+						'.innerHTML'		=> '[removed]',
+						'window.location'	=> '[removed]',
+						'-moz-binding'		=> '[removed]',
+						'<!--'				=> '&lt;!--',
+						'-->'				=> '--&gt;',
+						'<![CDATA['			=> '&lt;![CDATA[',
+						'<comment>'			=> '&lt;comment&gt;'
+					);
 
 	/**
 	 * List of never allowed regex replacement
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access protected
 	 */
 	protected $_never_allowed_regex = array(
-					"javascript\s*:"			=> '[removed]',
-					"expression\s*(\(|&\#40;)"	=> '[removed]', // CSS and IE
-					"vbscript\s*:"				=> '[removed]', // IE, surprise!
-					"Redirect\s+302"			=> '[removed]'
-	);
+						'javascript\s*:',
+						'expression\s*(\(|&\#40;)', // CSS and IE
+						'vbscript\s*:', // IE, surprise!
+						'Redirect\s+302'
+					);
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
 		// CSRF config
@@ -122,7 +124,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 		// Set the CSRF hash
 		$this->_csrf_set_hash();
 
-		log_message('debug', "Security Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Security Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -135,7 +137,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 	public function csrf_verify()
 	{
 		// If no POST data exists we will set the CSRF cookie
-		if (count($_POST) == 0)
+		if (count($_POST) === 0)
 		{
 			return $this->csrf_set_cookie();
 		}
@@ -151,30 +153,27 @@ class CI_Security {
 		}
 
 		// Do the tokens exist in both the _POST and _COOKIE arrays?
-		if ( ! isset($_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name]) OR
-			 ! isset($_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]))
+		if ( ! isset($_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name]) OR ! isset($_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name])
+			OR $_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name] != $_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]) // Do the tokens match?
 		{
 			$this->csrf_show_error();
 		}
 
-		// Do the tokens match?
-		if ($_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name] != $_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name])
+		// We kill this since we're done and we don't want to polute the _POST array
+		unset($_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name]);
+
+		// Regenerate on every submission?
+		if (config_item('csrf_regenerate'))
 		{
-			$this->csrf_show_error();
+			// Nothing should last forever
+			unset($_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]);
+			$this->_csrf_hash = '';
 		}
 
-		// We kill this since we're done and we don't want to
-		// polute the _POST array
-		unset($_POST[$this->_csrf_token_name]);
-
-		// Nothing should last forever
-		unset($_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]);
-                $this->_csrf_hash = '';
 		$this->_csrf_set_hash();
 		$this->csrf_set_cookie();
 
-		log_message('debug', "CSRF token verified");
-
+		log_message('debug', 'CSRF token verified');
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -190,19 +189,13 @@ class CI_Security {
 		$expire = time() + $this->_csrf_expire;
 		$secure_cookie = (bool) config_item('cookie_secure');
 
-		if ($secure_cookie)
+		if ($secure_cookie && ( ! isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) OR $_SERVER['HTTPS'] == 'off' OR ! $_SERVER['HTTPS']))
 		{
-			$req = isset($_SERVER['HTTPS']) ? $_SERVER['HTTPS'] : FALSE;
-
-			if ( ! $req OR $req == 'off')
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		setcookie($this->_csrf_cookie_name, $this->_csrf_hash, $expire, config_item('cookie_path'), config_item('cookie_domain'), $secure_cookie);
-
-		log_message('debug', "CRSF cookie Set");
+		log_message('debug', 'CRSF cookie Set');
 
 		return $this;
 	}
@@ -240,7 +233,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 	 *
 	 * Getter Method
 	 *
-	 * @return 	string 	self::csrf_token_name
+	 * @return 	string 	self::_csrf_token_name
 	 */
 	public function get_csrf_token_name()
 	{
@@ -260,7 +253,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 	 * the filter.
 	 *
 	 * Note: This function should only be used to deal with data
-	 * upon submission.  It's not something that should
+	 * upon submission. It's not something that should
 	 * be used for general runtime processing.
 	 *
 	 * This function was based in part on some code and ideas I
@@ -277,10 +270,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 	 */
 	public function xss_clean($str, $is_image = FALSE)
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Is the string an array?
-		 *
-		 */
+		// Is the string an array?
 		if (is_array($str))
 		{
 			while (list($key) = each($str))
@@ -291,13 +281,8 @@ class CI_Security {
 			return $str;
 		}
 
-		/*
-		 * Remove Invisible Characters
-		 */
-		$str = remove_invisible_characters($str);
-
-		// Validate Entities in URLs
-		$str = $this->_validate_entities($str);
+		// Remove Invisible Characters and validate entities in URLs
+		$str = $this->_validate_entities(remove_invisible_characters($str));
 
 		/*
 		 * URL Decode
@@ -307,7 +292,6 @@ class CI_Security {
 		 * <a href="http://%77%77%77%2E%67%6F%6F%67%6C%65%2E%63%6F%6D">Google</a>
 		 *
 		 * Note: Use rawurldecode() so it does not remove plus signs
-		 *
 		 */
 		$str = rawurldecode($str);
 
@@ -317,16 +301,11 @@ class CI_Security {
 		 * This permits our tests below to work reliably.
 		 * We only convert entities that are within tags since
 		 * these are the ones that will pose security problems.
-		 *
 		 */
-
 		$str = preg_replace_callback("/[a-z]+=([\'\"]).*?\\1/si", array($this, '_convert_attribute'), $str);
+		$str = preg_replace_callback('/<\w+.*?(?=>|<|$)/si', array($this, '_decode_entity'), $str);
 
-		$str = preg_replace_callback("/<\w+.*?(?=>|<|$)/si", array($this, '_decode_entity'), $str);
-
-		/*
-		 * Remove Invisible Characters Again!
-		 */
+		// Remove Invisible Characters Again!
 		$str = remove_invisible_characters($str);
 
 		/*
@@ -337,15 +316,9 @@ class CI_Security {
 		 * NOTE: preg_replace was found to be amazingly slow here on
 		 * large blocks of data, so we use str_replace.
 		 */
+		$str = str_replace("\t", ' ', $str);
 
-		if (strpos($str, "\t") !== FALSE)
-		{
-			$str = str_replace("\t", ' ', $str);
-		}
-
-		/*
-		 * Capture converted string for later comparison
-		 */
+		// Capture converted string for later comparison
 		$converted_string = $str;
 
 		// Remove Strings that are never allowed
@@ -365,7 +338,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 			// Images have a tendency to have the PHP short opening and
 			// closing tags every so often so we skip those and only
 			// do the long opening tags.
-			$str = preg_replace('/<\?(php)/i', "&lt;?\\1", $str);
+			$str = preg_replace('/<\?(php)/i', '&lt;?\\1', $str);
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -402,19 +375,19 @@ class CI_Security {
 		{
 			$original = $str;
 
-			if (preg_match("/<a/i", $str))
+			if (preg_match('/<a/i', $str))
 			{
-				$str = preg_replace_callback("#<a\s+([^>]*?)(>|$)#si", array($this, '_js_link_removal'), $str);
+				$str = preg_replace_callback('#<a\s+([^>]*?)(>|$)#si', array($this, '_js_link_removal'), $str);
 			}
 
-			if (preg_match("/<img/i", $str))
+			if (preg_match('/<img/i', $str))
 			{
-				$str = preg_replace_callback("#<img\s+([^>]*?)(\s?/?>|$)#si", array($this, '_js_img_removal'), $str);
+				$str = preg_replace_callback('#<img\s+([^>]*?)(\s?/?>|$)#si', array($this, '_js_img_removal'), $str);
 			}
 
-			if (preg_match("/script/i", $str) OR preg_match("/xss/i", $str))
+			if (preg_match('/(script|xss)/i', $str))
 			{
-				$str = preg_replace("#<(/*)(script|xss)(.*?)\>#si", '[removed]', $str);
+				$str = preg_replace('#<(/*)(script|xss)(.*?)\>#si', '[removed]', $str);
 			}
 		}
 		while($original != $str);
@@ -441,14 +414,16 @@ class CI_Security {
 		 *
 		 * Similar to above, only instead of looking for
 		 * tags it looks for PHP and JavaScript commands
-		 * that are disallowed.  Rather than removing the
+		 * that are disallowed. Rather than removing the
 		 * code, it simply converts the parenthesis to entities
 		 * rendering the code un-executable.
 		 *
 		 * For example:	eval('some code')
-		 * Becomes:		eval&#40;'some code'&#41;
+		 * Becomes:	eval&#40;'some code'&#41;
 		 */
-		$str = preg_replace('#(alert|cmd|passthru|eval|exec|expression|system|fopen|fsockopen|file|file_get_contents|readfile|unlink)(\s*)\((.*?)\)#si', "\\1\\2&#40;\\3&#41;", $str);
+		$str = preg_replace('#(alert|cmd|passthru|eval|exec|expression|system|fopen|fsockopen|file|file_get_contents|readfile|unlink)(\s*)\((.*?)\)#si',
+					'\\1\\2&#40;\\3&#41;',
+					$str);
 
 
 		// Final clean up
@@ -465,13 +440,12 @@ class CI_Security {
 		 * string post-removal of XSS, then it fails, as there was unwanted XSS
 		 * code found and removed/changed during processing.
 		 */
-
 		if ($is_image === TRUE)
 		{
-			return ($str === $converted_string) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+			return ($str === $converted_string);
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', "XSS Filtering completed");
+		log_message('debug', 'XSS Filtering completed');
 		return $str;
 	}
 
@@ -486,15 +460,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 	{
 		if ($this->_xss_hash == '')
 		{
-			if (phpversion() >= 4.2)
-			{
-				mt_srand();
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				mt_srand(hexdec(substr(md5(microtime()), -8)) & 0x7fffffff);
-			}
-
+			mt_srand();
 			$this->_xss_hash = md5(time() + mt_rand(0, 1999999999));
 		}
 
@@ -508,6 +474,12 @@ class CI_Security {
 	 *
 	 * This function is a replacement for html_entity_decode()
 	 *
+	 * The reason we are not using html_entity_decode() by itself is because
+	 * while it is not technically correct to leave out the semicolon
+	 * at the end of an entity most browsers will still interpret the entity
+	 * correctly. html_entity_decode() does not convert entities without
+	 * semicolons, so we are left with our own little solution here. Bummer.
+	 *
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
@@ -524,11 +496,6 @@ class CI_Security {
 			$charset = config_item('charset');
 		}
 
-		// The reason we are not using html_entity_decode() by itself is because
-		// while it is not technically correct to leave out the semicolon
-		// at the end of an entity most browsers will still interpret the entity
-		// correctly.  html_entity_decode() does not convert entities without
-		// semicolons, so we are left with our own little solution here. Bummer.
 		$str = html_entity_decode($str, ENT_COMPAT, $charset);
 		$str = preg_replace('~&#x(0*[0-9a-f]{2,5})~ei', 'chr(hexdec("\\1"))', $str);
 		return preg_replace('~&#([0-9]{2,4})~e', 'chr(\\1)', $str);
@@ -546,38 +513,23 @@ class CI_Security {
 	public function sanitize_filename($str, $relative_path = FALSE)
 	{
 		$bad = array(
-						"../",
-						"<!--",
-						"-->",
-						"<",
-						">",
-						"'",
-						'"',
-						'&',
-						'$',
-						'#',
-						'{',
-						'}',
-						'[',
-						']',
-						'=',
-						';',
-						'?',
-						"%20",
-						"%22",
-						"%3c",		// <
-						"%253c",	// <
-						"%3e",		// >
-						"%0e",		// >
-						"%28",		// (
-						"%29",		// )
-						"%2528",	// (
-						"%26",		// &
-						"%24",		// $
-						"%3f",		// ?
-						"%3b",		// ;
-						"%3d"		// =
-					);
+				'../', '<!--', '-->', '<', '>',
+				"'", '"', '&', '$', '#',
+				'{', '}', '[', ']', '=',
+				';', '?', '%20', '%22',
+				'%3c',		// <
+				'%253c',	// <
+				'%3e',		// >
+				'%0e',		// >
+				'%28',		// (
+				'%29',		// )
+				'%2528',	// (
+				'%26',		// &
+				'%24',		// $
+				'%3f',		// ?
+				'%3b',		// ;
+				'%3d'		// =
+			);
 
 		if ( ! $relative_path)
 		{
@@ -625,7 +577,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 	protected function _remove_evil_attributes($str, $is_image)
 	{
 		// All javascript event handlers (e.g. onload, onclick, onmouseover), style, and xmlns
-		$evil_attributes = array('on\w*', 'style', 'xmlns');
+		$evil_attributes = array('on\w*', 'style', 'xmlns', 'formaction');
 
 		if ($is_image === TRUE)
 		{
@@ -637,11 +589,31 @@ class CI_Security {
 		}
 
 		do {
-			$str = preg_replace(
-				"#<(/?[^><]+?)([^A-Za-z\-])(".implode('|', $evil_attributes).")(\s*=\s*)([\"][^>]*?[\"]|[\'][^>]*?[\']|[^>]*?)([\s><])([><]*)#i",
-				"<$1$6",
-				$str, -1, $count
-			);
+			$count = 0;
+			$attribs = array();
+
+			// find occurrences of illegal attribute strings without quotes
+			preg_match_all('/('.implode('|', $evil_attributes).')\s*=\s*([^\s]*)/is', $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER);
+
+			foreach ($matches as $attr)
+			{
+				$attribs[] = preg_quote($attr[0], '/');
+			}
+
+			// find occurrences of illegal attribute strings with quotes (042 and 047 are octal quotes)
+			preg_match_all('/('.implode('|', $evil_attributes).')\s*=\s*(\042|\047)([^\\2]*?)(\\2)/is',  $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER);
+
+			foreach ($matches as $attr)
+			{
+				$attribs[] = preg_quote($attr[0], '/');
+			}
+
+			// replace illegal attribute strings that are inside an html tag
+			if (count($attribs) > 0)
+			{
+				$str = preg_replace('/<(\/?[^><]+?)([^A-Za-z\-])('.implode('|', $attribs).')([\s><])([><]*)/i', '<$1$2$4$5', $str, -1, $count);
+			}
+
 		} while ($count);
 
 		return $str;
@@ -659,14 +631,9 @@ class CI_Security {
 	 */
 	protected function _sanitize_naughty_html($matches)
 	{
-		// encode opening brace
-		$str = '&lt;'.$matches[1].$matches[2].$matches[3];
-
-		// encode captured opening or closing brace to prevent recursive vectors
-		$str .= str_replace(array('>', '<'), array('&gt;', '&lt;'),
-							$matches[4]);
-
-		return $str;
+		return '&lt;'.$matches[1].$matches[2].$matches[3] // encode opening brace
+			// encode captured opening or closing brace to prevent recursive vectors:
+			. str_replace(array('>', '<'), array('&gt;', '&lt;'), $matches[4]);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -684,9 +651,12 @@ class CI_Security {
 	 */
 	protected function _js_link_removal($match)
 	{
-		$attributes = $this->_filter_attributes(str_replace(array('<', '>'), '', $match[1]));
-
-		return str_replace($match[1], preg_replace("#href=.*?(alert\(|alert&\#40;|javascript\:|livescript\:|mocha\:|charset\=|window\.|document\.|\.cookie|<script|<xss|base64\s*,)#si", "", $attributes), $match[0]);
+		return str_replace($match[1],
+					preg_replace('#href=.*?(alert\(|alert&\#40;|javascript\:|livescript\:|mocha\:|charset\=|window\.|document\.|\.cookie|<script|<xss|base64\s*,)#si',
+							'',
+							$this->_filter_attributes(str_replace(array('<', '>'), '', $match[1]))
+					),
+					$match[0]);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -704,9 +674,12 @@ class CI_Security {
 	 */
 	protected function _js_img_removal($match)
 	{
-		$attributes = $this->_filter_attributes(str_replace(array('<', '>'), '', $match[1]));
-
-		return str_replace($match[1], preg_replace("#src=.*?(alert\(|alert&\#40;|javascript\:|livescript\:|mocha\:|charset\=|window\.|document\.|\.cookie|<script|<xss|base64\s*,)#si", "", $attributes), $match[0]);
+		return str_replace($match[1],
+					preg_replace('#src=.*?(alert\(|alert&\#40;|javascript\:|livescript\:|mocha\:|charset\=|window\.|document\.|\.cookie|<script|<xss|base64\s*,)#si',
+							'',
+							$this->_filter_attributes(str_replace(array('<', '>'), '', $match[1]))
+					),
+					$match[0]);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -737,12 +710,11 @@ class CI_Security {
 	protected function _filter_attributes($str)
 	{
 		$out = '';
-
 		if (preg_match_all('#\s*[a-z\-]+\s*=\s*(\042|\047)([^\\1]*?)\\1#is', $str, $matches))
 		{
 			foreach ($matches[0] as $match)
 			{
-				$out .= preg_replace("#/\*.*?\*/#s", '', $match);
+				$out .= preg_replace('#/\*.*?\*/#s', '', $match);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -780,33 +752,28 @@ class CI_Security {
 		 * Protect GET variables in URLs
 		 */
 
-		 // 901119URL5918AMP18930PROTECT8198
-
-		$str = preg_replace('|\&([a-z\_0-9\-]+)\=([a-z\_0-9\-]+)|i', $this->xss_hash()."\\1=\\2", $str);
+		// 901119URL5918AMP18930PROTECT8198
+		$str = preg_replace('|\&([a-z\_0-9\-]+)\=([a-z\_0-9\-]+)|i', $this->xss_hash().'\\1=\\2', $str);
 
 		/*
 		 * Validate standard character entities
 		 *
 		 * Add a semicolon if missing.  We do this to enable
 		 * the conversion of entities to ASCII later.
-		 *
 		 */
-		$str = preg_replace('#(&\#?[0-9a-z]{2,})([\x00-\x20])*;?#i', "\\1;\\2", $str);
+		$str = preg_replace('#(&\#?[0-9a-z]{2,})([\x00-\x20])*;?#i', '\\1;\\2', $str);
 
 		/*
 		 * Validate UTF16 two byte encoding (x00)
 		 *
 		 * Just as above, adds a semicolon if missing.
-		 *
 		 */
-		$str = preg_replace('#(&\#x?)([0-9A-F]+);?#i',"\\1\\2;",$str);
+		$str = preg_replace('#(&\#x?)([0-9A-F]+);?#i', '\\1\\2;', $str);
 
 		/*
 		 * Un-Protect GET variables in URLs
 		 */
-		$str = str_replace($this->xss_hash(), '&', $str);
-
-		return $str;
+		return str_replace($this->xss_hash(), '&', $str);
 	}
 
 	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -821,14 +788,11 @@ class CI_Security {
 	 */
 	protected function _do_never_allowed($str)
 	{
-		foreach ($this->_never_allowed_str as $key => $val)
-		{
-			$str = str_replace($key, $val, $str);
-		}
+		$str = str_replace(array_keys($this->_never_allowed_str), $this->_never_allowed_str, $str);
 
-		foreach ($this->_never_allowed_regex as $key => $val)
+		foreach ($this->_never_allowed_regex as $regex)
 		{
-			$str = preg_replace("#".$key."#i", $val, $str);
+			$str = preg_replace('#'.$regex.'#i', '[removed]', $str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
diff --git a/system/core/URI.php b/system/core/URI.php
index 8946bc76b..b28ee198b 100755
--- a/system/core/URI.php
+++ b/system/core/URI.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -23,7 +35,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	URI
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/uri.html
  */
 class CI_URI {
@@ -32,62 +44,56 @@ class CI_URI {
 	 * List of cached uri segments
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access public
 	 */
-	var	$keyval			= array();
+	public $keyval		= array();
 	/**
 	 * Current uri string
 	 *
 	 * @var string
-	 * @access public
 	 */
-	var $uri_string;
+	public $uri_string;
 	/**
 	 * List of uri segments
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access public
 	 */
-	var $segments		= array();
+	public $segments	= array();
 	/**
 	 * Re-indexed list of uri segments
 	 * Starts at 1 instead of 0
 	 *
 	 * @var array
-	 * @access public
 	 */
-	var $rsegments		= array();
+	public $rsegments	= array();
 
 	/**
 	 * Constructor
 	 *
-	 * Simply globalizes the $RTR object.  The front
+	 * Simply globalizes the $RTR object. The front
 	 * loads the Router class early on so it's not available
 	 * normally as other classes are.
-	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 */
-	function __construct()
+	public function __construct()
 	{
 		$this->config =& load_class('Config', 'core');
-		log_message('debug', "URI Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'URI Class Initialized');
 	}
 
-
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
 	 * Get the URI String
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	string
+	 * Called by CI_Router
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _fetch_uri_string()
+	public function _fetch_uri_string()
 	{
-		if (strtoupper($this->config->item('uri_protocol')) == 'AUTO')
+		if (strtoupper($this->config->item('uri_protocol')) === 'AUTO')
 		{
 			// Is the request coming from the command line?
-			if (php_sapi_name() == 'cli' or defined('STDIN'))
+			if (php_sapi_name() === 'cli' OR defined('STDIN'))
 			{
 				$this->_set_uri_string($this->_parse_cli_args());
 				return;
@@ -103,14 +109,14 @@ class CI_URI {
 			// Is there a PATH_INFO variable?
 			// Note: some servers seem to have trouble with getenv() so we'll test it two ways
 			$path = (isset($_SERVER['PATH_INFO'])) ? $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'] : @getenv('PATH_INFO');
-			if (trim($path, '/') != '' && $path != "/".SELF)
+			if (trim($path, '/') != '' && $path !== '/'.SELF)
 			{
 				$this->_set_uri_string($path);
 				return;
 			}
 
 			// No PATH_INFO?... What about QUERY_STRING?
-			$path =  (isset($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'])) ? $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'] : @getenv('QUERY_STRING');
+			$path = (isset($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'])) ? $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'] : @getenv('QUERY_STRING');
 			if (trim($path, '/') != '')
 			{
 				$this->_set_uri_string($path);
@@ -118,7 +124,7 @@ class CI_URI {
 			}
 
 			// As a last ditch effort lets try using the $_GET array
-			if (is_array($_GET) && count($_GET) == 1 && trim(key($_GET), '/') != '')
+			if (is_array($_GET) && count($_GET) === 1 && trim(key($_GET), '/') != '')
 			{
 				$this->_set_uri_string(key($_GET));
 				return;
@@ -131,12 +137,12 @@ class CI_URI {
 
 		$uri = strtoupper($this->config->item('uri_protocol'));
 
-		if ($uri == 'REQUEST_URI')
+		if ($uri === 'REQUEST_URI')
 		{
 			$this->_set_uri_string($this->_detect_uri());
 			return;
 		}
-		elseif ($uri == 'CLI')
+		elseif ($uri === 'CLI')
 		{
 			$this->_set_uri_string($this->_parse_cli_args());
 			return;
@@ -151,17 +157,16 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Set the URI String
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param 	string
-	 * @return	string
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _set_uri_string($str)
+	public function _set_uri_string($str)
 	{
 		// Filter out control characters
 		$str = remove_invisible_characters($str, FALSE);
 
 		// If the URI contains only a slash we'll kill it
-		$this->uri_string = ($str == '/') ? '' : $str;
+		$this->uri_string = ($str === '/') ? '' : $str;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -172,7 +177,6 @@ class CI_URI {
 	 * This function will detect the URI automatically and fix the query string
 	 * if necessary.
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _detect_uri()
@@ -211,7 +215,7 @@ class CI_URI {
 			$_GET = array();
 		}
 
-		if ($uri == '/' || empty($uri))
+		if ($uri == '/' OR empty($uri))
 		{
 			return '/';
 		}
@@ -229,13 +233,11 @@ class CI_URI {
 	 *
 	 * Take each command line argument and assume it is a URI segment.
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	protected function _parse_cli_args()
 	{
 		$args = array_slice($_SERVER['argv'], 1);
-
 		return $args ? '/' . implode('/', $args) : '';
 	}
 
@@ -244,27 +246,28 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Filter segments for malicious characters
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
+	 * Called by CI_Router
+	 *
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _filter_uri($str)
+	public function _filter_uri($str)
 	{
 		if ($str != '' && $this->config->item('permitted_uri_chars') != '' && $this->config->item('enable_query_strings') == FALSE)
 		{
 			// preg_quote() in PHP 5.3 escapes -, so the str_replace() and addition of - to preg_quote() is to maintain backwards
 			// compatibility as many are unaware of how characters in the permitted_uri_chars will be parsed as a regex pattern
-			if ( ! preg_match("|^[".str_replace(array('\\-', '\-'), '-', preg_quote($this->config->item('permitted_uri_chars'), '-'))."]+$|i", $str))
+			if ( ! preg_match('|^['.str_replace(array('\\-', '\-'), '-', preg_quote($this->config->item('permitted_uri_chars'), '-')).']+$|i', $str))
 			{
 				show_error('The URI you submitted has disallowed characters.', 400);
 			}
 		}
 
-		// Convert programatic characters to entities
-		$bad	= array('$',		'(',		')',		'%28',		'%29');
-		$good	= array('&#36;',	'&#40;',	'&#41;',	'&#40;',	'&#41;');
-
-		return str_replace($bad, $good, $str);
+		// Convert programatic characters to entities and return
+		return str_replace(
+					array('$',     '(',     ')',     '%28',   '%29'), // Bad
+					array('&#36;', '&#40;', '&#41;', '&#40;', '&#41;'), // Good
+					$str);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -272,14 +275,15 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Remove the suffix from the URL if needed
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
+	 * Called by CI_Router
+	 *
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _remove_url_suffix()
+	public function _remove_url_suffix()
 	{
-		if  ($this->config->item('url_suffix') != "")
+		if  ($this->config->item('url_suffix') != '')
 		{
-			$this->uri_string = preg_replace("|".preg_quote($this->config->item('url_suffix'))."$|", "", $this->uri_string);
+			$this->uri_string = preg_replace('|'.preg_quote($this->config->item('url_suffix')).'$|', '', $this->uri_string);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -289,12 +293,13 @@ class CI_URI {
 	 * Explode the URI Segments. The individual segments will
 	 * be stored in the $this->segments array.
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
+	 * Called by CI_Router
+	 *
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _explode_segments()
+	public function _explode_segments()
 	{
-		foreach (explode("/", preg_replace("|/*(.+?)/*$|", "\\1", $this->uri_string)) as $val)
+		foreach (explode('/', preg_replace('|/*(.+?)/*$|', '\\1', $this->uri_string)) as $val)
 		{
 			// Filter segments for security
 			$val = trim($this->_filter_uri($val));
@@ -311,14 +316,15 @@ class CI_URI {
 	 * Re-index Segments
 	 *
 	 * This function re-indexes the $this->segment array so that it
-	 * starts at 1 rather than 0.  Doing so makes it simpler to
+	 * starts at 1 rather than 0. Doing so makes it simpler to
 	 * use functions like $this->uri->segment(n) since there is
 	 * a 1:1 relationship between the segment array and the actual segments.
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
+	 * Called by CI_Router
+	 *
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _reindex_segments()
+	public function _reindex_segments()
 	{
 		array_unshift($this->segments, NULL);
 		array_unshift($this->rsegments, NULL);
@@ -333,12 +339,11 @@ class CI_URI {
 	 *
 	 * This function returns the URI segment based on the number provided.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	integer
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function segment($n, $no_result = FALSE)
+	public function segment($n, $no_result = FALSE)
 	{
 		return ( ! isset($this->segments[$n])) ? $no_result : $this->segments[$n];
 	}
@@ -352,12 +357,11 @@ class CI_URI {
 	 * based on the number provided.  If there is no routing this function returns the
 	 * same result as $this->segment()
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	integer
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function rsegment($n, $no_result = FALSE)
+	public function rsegment($n, $no_result = FALSE)
 	{
 		return ( ! isset($this->rsegments[$n])) ? $no_result : $this->rsegments[$n];
 	}
@@ -380,25 +384,22 @@ class CI_URI {
 	 *			gender => male
 	 *		 )
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	integer	the starting segment number
 	 * @param	array	an array of default values
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function uri_to_assoc($n = 3, $default = array())
+	public function uri_to_assoc($n = 3, $default = array())
 	{
 		return $this->_uri_to_assoc($n, $default, 'segment');
 	}
 	/**
 	 * Identical to above only it uses the re-routed segment array
 	 *
-	 * @access 	public
 	 * @param 	integer	the starting segment number
 	 * @param 	array	an array of default values
 	 * @return 	array
-	 *
 	 */
-	function ruri_to_assoc($n = 3, $default = array())
+	public function ruri_to_assoc($n = 3, $default = array())
 	{
 		return $this->_uri_to_assoc($n, $default, 'rsegment');
 	}
@@ -408,25 +409,13 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Generate a key value pair from the URI string or Re-routed URI string
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	integer	the starting segment number
 	 * @param	array	an array of default values
 	 * @param	string	which array we should use
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _uri_to_assoc($n = 3, $default = array(), $which = 'segment')
+	protected function _uri_to_assoc($n = 3, $default = array(), $which = 'segment')
 	{
-		if ($which == 'segment')
-		{
-			$total_segments = 'total_segments';
-			$segment_array = 'segment_array';
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$total_segments = 'total_rsegments';
-			$segment_array = 'rsegment_array';
-		}
-
 		if ( ! is_numeric($n))
 		{
 			return $default;
@@ -437,23 +426,30 @@ class CI_URI {
 			return $this->keyval[$n];
 		}
 
+		if ($which === 'segment')
+		{
+			$total_segments = 'total_segments';
+			$segment_array = 'segment_array';
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			$total_segments = 'total_rsegments';
+			$segment_array = 'rsegment_array';
+		}
+
 		if ($this->$total_segments() < $n)
 		{
-			if (count($default) == 0)
+			if (count($default) === 0)
 			{
 				return array();
 			}
 
-			$retval = array();
-			foreach ($default as $val)
-			{
-				$retval[$val] = FALSE;
-			}
-			return $retval;
+			return function_exists('array_fill_keys')
+				? array_fill_keys($default, FALSE)
+				: array_combine($default, array_fill(0, count($default), FALSE));
 		}
 
 		$segments = array_slice($this->$segment_array(), ($n - 1));
-
 		$i = 0;
 		$lastval = '';
 		$retval  = array();
@@ -494,11 +490,10 @@ class CI_URI {
 	 * Generate a URI string from an associative array
 	 *
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array	an associative array of key/values
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function assoc_to_uri($array)
+	public function assoc_to_uri($array)
 	{
 		$temp = array();
 		foreach ((array)$array as $key => $val)
@@ -515,12 +510,11 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Fetch a URI Segment and add a trailing slash
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	integer
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function slash_segment($n, $where = 'trailing')
+	public function slash_segment($n, $where = 'trailing')
 	{
 		return $this->_slash_segment($n, $where, 'segment');
 	}
@@ -530,12 +524,11 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Fetch a URI Segment and add a trailing slash
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	integer
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function slash_rsegment($n, $where = 'trailing')
+	public function slash_rsegment($n, $where = 'trailing')
 	{
 		return $this->_slash_segment($n, $where, 'rsegment');
 	}
@@ -545,22 +538,20 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Fetch a URI Segment and add a trailing slash - helper function
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	integer
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _slash_segment($n, $where = 'trailing', $which = 'segment')
+	protected function _slash_segment($n, $where = 'trailing', $which = 'segment')
 	{
-		$leading	= '/';
-		$trailing	= '/';
+		$leading = $trailing = '/';
 
-		if ($where == 'trailing')
+		if ($where === 'trailing')
 		{
 			$leading	= '';
 		}
-		elseif ($where == 'leading')
+		elseif ($where === 'leading')
 		{
 			$trailing	= '';
 		}
@@ -573,10 +564,9 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Segment Array
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function segment_array()
+	public function segment_array()
 	{
 		return $this->segments;
 	}
@@ -586,10 +576,9 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Routed Segment Array
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function rsegment_array()
+	public function rsegment_array()
 	{
 		return $this->rsegments;
 	}
@@ -599,10 +588,9 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Total number of segments
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	integer
 	 */
-	function total_segments()
+	public function total_segments()
 	{
 		return count($this->segments);
 	}
@@ -612,10 +600,9 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Total number of routed segments
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	integer
 	 */
-	function total_rsegments()
+	public function total_rsegments()
 	{
 		return count($this->rsegments);
 	}
@@ -625,10 +612,9 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Fetch the entire URI string
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function uri_string()
+	public function uri_string()
 	{
 		return $this->uri_string;
 	}
@@ -639,16 +625,14 @@ class CI_URI {
 	/**
 	 * Fetch the entire Re-routed URI string
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function ruri_string()
+	public function ruri_string()
 	{
 		return '/'.implode('/', $this->rsegment_array());
 	}
 
 }
-// END URI Class
 
 /* End of file URI.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/URI.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/core/URI.php */
diff --git a/system/core/Utf8.php b/system/core/Utf8.php
index 2a27d1f35..0e180d36f 100644
--- a/system/core/Utf8.php
+++ b/system/core/Utf8.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 2.0
  * @filesource
@@ -23,7 +35,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	UTF-8
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/utf8.html
  */
 class CI_Utf8 {
@@ -32,24 +44,22 @@ class CI_Utf8 {
 	 * Constructor
 	 *
 	 * Determines if UTF-8 support is to be enabled
-	 *
 	 */
-	function __construct()
+	public function __construct()
 	{
-		log_message('debug', "Utf8 Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Utf8 Class Initialized');
 
 		global $CFG;
 
 		if (
-			preg_match('/./u', 'é') === 1					// PCRE must support UTF-8
-			AND function_exists('iconv')					// iconv must be installed
-			AND ini_get('mbstring.func_overload') != 1		// Multibyte string function overloading cannot be enabled
-			AND $CFG->item('charset') == 'UTF-8'			// Application charset must be UTF-8
+			@preg_match('/./u', 'é') === 1		// PCRE must support UTF-8
+			&& function_exists('iconv')			// iconv must be installed
+			&& @ini_get('mbstring.func_overload') != 1	// Multibyte string function overloading cannot be enabled
+			&& $CFG->item('charset') === 'UTF-8'		// Application charset must be UTF-8
 			)
 		{
-			log_message('debug', "UTF-8 Support Enabled");
-
 			define('UTF8_ENABLED', TRUE);
+			log_message('debug', 'UTF-8 Support Enabled');
 
 			// set internal encoding for multibyte string functions if necessary
 			// and set a flag so we don't have to repeatedly use extension_loaded()
@@ -66,8 +76,8 @@ class CI_Utf8 {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			log_message('debug', "UTF-8 Support Disabled");
 			define('UTF8_ENABLED', FALSE);
+			log_message('debug', 'UTF-8 Support Disabled');
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -78,11 +88,10 @@ class CI_Utf8 {
 	 *
 	 * Ensures strings are UTF-8
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function clean_string($str)
+	public function clean_string($str)
 	{
 		if ($this->_is_ascii($str) === FALSE)
 		{
@@ -101,11 +110,10 @@ class CI_Utf8 {
 	 * line feeds, and carriage returns, as all others can cause
 	 * problems in XML
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function safe_ascii_for_xml($str)
+	public function safe_ascii_for_xml($str)
 	{
 		return remove_invisible_characters($str, FALSE);
 	}
@@ -117,27 +125,22 @@ class CI_Utf8 {
 	 *
 	 * Attempts to convert a string to UTF-8
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string	- input encoding
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function convert_to_utf8($str, $encoding)
+	public function convert_to_utf8($str, $encoding)
 	{
 		if (function_exists('iconv'))
 		{
-			$str = @iconv($encoding, 'UTF-8', $str);
+			return @iconv($encoding, 'UTF-8', $str);
 		}
 		elseif (function_exists('mb_convert_encoding'))
 		{
-			$str = @mb_convert_encoding($str, 'UTF-8', $encoding);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return FALSE;
+			return @mb_convert_encoding($str, 'UTF-8', $encoding);
 		}
 
-		return $str;
+		return FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -147,19 +150,15 @@ class CI_Utf8 {
 	 *
 	 * Tests if a string is standard 7-bit ASCII or not
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _is_ascii($str)
+	protected function _is_ascii($str)
 	{
-		return (preg_match('/[^\x00-\x7F]/S', $str) == 0);
+		return (preg_match('/[^\x00-\x7F]/S', $str) === 0);
 	}
 
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 }
-// End Utf8 Class
 
 /* End of file Utf8.php */
-/* Location: ./system/core/Utf8.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/core/Utf8.php */
diff --git a/system/database/DB.php b/system/database/DB.php
index 8314d3b97..d06ffb40e 100755
--- a/system/database/DB.php
+++ b/system/database/DB.php
@@ -1,25 +1,35 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Initialize the database
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  * @param 	string
  * @param 	bool	Determines if active record should be used or not
@@ -30,17 +40,15 @@ function &DB($params = '', $active_record_override = NULL)
 	if (is_string($params) AND strpos($params, '://') === FALSE)
 	{
 		// Is the config file in the environment folder?
-		if ( ! defined('ENVIRONMENT') OR ! file_exists($file_path = APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/database.php'))
+		if (( ! defined('ENVIRONMENT') OR ! file_exists($file_path = APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/database.php'))
+			AND ! file_exists($file_path = APPPATH.'config/database.php'))
 		{
-			if ( ! file_exists($file_path = APPPATH.'config/database.php'))
-			{
-				show_error('The configuration file database.php does not exist.');
-			}
+			show_error('The configuration file database.php does not exist.');
 		}
 
 		include($file_path);
 
-		if ( ! isset($db) OR count($db) == 0)
+		if ( ! isset($db) OR count($db) === 0)
 		{
 			show_error('No database connection settings were found in the database config file.');
 		}
@@ -66,33 +74,32 @@ function &DB($params = '', $active_record_override = NULL)
 		 *  parameter. DSNs must have this prototype:
 		 *  $dsn = 'driver://username:password@hostname/database';
 		 */
-
 		if (($dns = @parse_url($params)) === FALSE)
 		{
 			show_error('Invalid DB Connection String');
 		}
 
 		$params = array(
-							'dbdriver'	=> $dns['scheme'],
-							'hostname'	=> (isset($dns['host'])) ? rawurldecode($dns['host']) : '',
-							'username'	=> (isset($dns['user'])) ? rawurldecode($dns['user']) : '',
-							'password'	=> (isset($dns['pass'])) ? rawurldecode($dns['pass']) : '',
-							'database'	=> (isset($dns['path'])) ? rawurldecode(substr($dns['path'], 1)) : ''
-						);
+				'dbdriver'	=> $dns['scheme'],
+				'hostname'	=> (isset($dns['host'])) ? rawurldecode($dns['host']) : '',
+				'port'		=> (isset($dns['port'])) ? rawurldecode($dns['port']) : '',
+				'username'	=> (isset($dns['user'])) ? rawurldecode($dns['user']) : '',
+				'password'	=> (isset($dns['pass'])) ? rawurldecode($dns['pass']) : '',
+				'database'	=> (isset($dns['path'])) ? rawurldecode(substr($dns['path'], 1)) : ''
+			);
 
 		// were additional config items set?
 		if (isset($dns['query']))
 		{
 			parse_str($dns['query'], $extra);
-
 			foreach ($extra as $key => $val)
 			{
 				// booleans please
-				if (strtoupper($val) == "TRUE")
+				if (strtoupper($val) === 'TRUE')
 				{
 					$val = TRUE;
 				}
-				elseif (strtoupper($val) == "FALSE")
+				elseif (strtoupper($val) === 'FALSE')
 				{
 					$val = FALSE;
 				}
@@ -102,17 +109,15 @@ function &DB($params = '', $active_record_override = NULL)
 		}
 	}
 
-	// No DB specified yet?  Beat them senseless...
+	// No DB specified yet? Beat them senseless...
 	if ( ! isset($params['dbdriver']) OR $params['dbdriver'] == '')
 	{
 		show_error('You have not selected a database type to connect to.');
 	}
 
-	// Load the DB classes.  Note: Since the active record class is optional
+	// Load the DB classes. Note: Since the active record class is optional
 	// we need to dynamically create a class that extends proper parent class
 	// based on whether we're using the active record class or not.
-	// Kudos to Paul for discovering this clever use of eval()
-
 	if ($active_record_override !== NULL)
 	{
 		$active_record = $active_record_override;
@@ -123,18 +128,14 @@ function &DB($params = '', $active_record_override = NULL)
 	if ( ! isset($active_record) OR $active_record == TRUE)
 	{
 		require_once(BASEPATH.'database/DB_active_rec.php');
-
 		if ( ! class_exists('CI_DB'))
 		{
-			eval('class CI_DB extends CI_DB_active_record { }');
+			class CI_DB extends CI_DB_active_record { }
 		}
 	}
-	else
+	elseif ( ! class_exists('CI_DB'))
 	{
-		if ( ! class_exists('CI_DB'))
-		{
-			eval('class CI_DB extends CI_DB_driver { }');
-		}
+		class CI_DB extends CI_DB_driver { }
 	}
 
 	require_once(BASEPATH.'database/drivers/'.$params['dbdriver'].'/'.$params['dbdriver'].'_driver.php');
@@ -156,7 +157,5 @@ function &DB($params = '', $active_record_override = NULL)
 	return $DB;
 }
 
-
-
 /* End of file DB.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB.php */
diff --git a/system/database/DB_active_rec.php b/system/database/DB_active_rec.php
index 0dd48cca9..429f65186 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_active_rec.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_active_rec.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -23,46 +35,49 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
-	var $ar_select				= array();
-	var $ar_distinct			= FALSE;
-	var $ar_from				= array();
-	var $ar_join				= array();
-	var $ar_where				= array();
-	var $ar_like				= array();
-	var $ar_groupby				= array();
-	var $ar_having				= array();
-	var $ar_keys				= array();
-	var $ar_limit				= FALSE;
-	var $ar_offset				= FALSE;
-	var $ar_order				= FALSE;
-	var $ar_orderby				= array();
-	var $ar_set					= array();
-	var $ar_wherein				= array();
-	var $ar_aliased_tables		= array();
-	var $ar_store_array			= array();
+	protected $return_delete_sql		= FALSE;
+	protected $reset_delete_data		= FALSE;
+
+	protected $ar_select			= array();
+	protected $ar_distinct			= FALSE;
+	protected $ar_from			= array();
+	protected $ar_join			= array();
+	protected $ar_where			= array();
+	protected $ar_like			= array();
+	protected $ar_groupby			= array();
+	protected $ar_having			= array();
+	protected $ar_keys			= array();
+	protected $ar_limit			= FALSE;
+	protected $ar_offset			= FALSE;
+	protected $ar_order			= FALSE;
+	protected $ar_orderby			= array();
+	protected $ar_set			= array();
+	protected $ar_wherein			= array();
+	protected $ar_aliased_tables		= array();
+	protected $ar_store_array		= array();
+	protected $ar_where_group_started	= FALSE;
+	protected $ar_where_group_count		= 0;
 
 	// Active Record Caching variables
-	var $ar_caching				= FALSE;
-	var $ar_cache_exists		= array();
-	var $ar_cache_select		= array();
-	var $ar_cache_from			= array();
-	var $ar_cache_join			= array();
-	var $ar_cache_where			= array();
-	var $ar_cache_like			= array();
-	var $ar_cache_groupby		= array();
-	var $ar_cache_having		= array();
-	var $ar_cache_orderby		= array();
-	var $ar_cache_set			= array();
-	
-	var $ar_no_escape 			= array();
-	var $ar_cache_no_escape     = array();
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+	protected $ar_caching				= FALSE;
+	protected $ar_cache_exists			= array();
+	protected $ar_cache_select			= array();
+	protected $ar_cache_from			= array();
+	protected $ar_cache_join			= array();
+	protected $ar_cache_where			= array();
+	protected $ar_cache_like			= array();
+	protected $ar_cache_groupby			= array();
+	protected $ar_cache_having			= array();
+	protected $ar_cache_orderby			= array();
+	protected $ar_cache_set				= array();
+
+	protected $ar_no_escape 			= array();
+	protected $ar_cache_no_escape			= array();
 
 	/**
 	 * Select
@@ -96,6 +111,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 				}
 			}
 		}
+
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -171,7 +187,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 *	select_max()
 	 *	select_min()
 	 *	select_avg()
-	 *  select_sum()
+	 *	select_sum()
 	 *
 	 * @param	string	the field
 	 * @param	string	an alias
@@ -197,7 +213,6 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		$sql = $this->_protect_identifiers($type.'('.trim($select).')').' AS '.$this->_protect_identifiers(trim($alias));
-
 		$this->ar_select[] = $sql;
 
 		if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
@@ -263,30 +278,27 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 				{
 					$v = trim($v);
 					$this->_track_aliases($v);
-
-					$this->ar_from[] = $this->_protect_identifiers($v, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
+					$v = $this->ar_from[] = $this->_protect_identifiers($v, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
 
 					if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
 					{
-						$this->ar_cache_from[] = $this->_protect_identifiers($v, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
+						$this->ar_cache_from[] = $v;
 						$this->ar_cache_exists[] = 'from';
 					}
 				}
-
 			}
 			else
 			{
 				$val = trim($val);
 
-				// Extract any aliases that might exist.  We use this information
+				// Extract any aliases that might exist. We use this information
 				// in the _protect_identifiers to know whether to add a table prefix
 				$this->_track_aliases($val);
-
-				$this->ar_from[] = $this->_protect_identifiers($val, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
+				$this->ar_from[] = $val = $this->_protect_identifiers($val, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
 
 				if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
 				{
-					$this->ar_cache_from[] = $this->_protect_identifiers($val, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
+					$this->ar_cache_from[] = $val;
 					$this->ar_cache_exists[] = 'from';
 				}
 			}
@@ -323,23 +335,19 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			}
 		}
 
-		// Extract any aliases that might exist.  We use this information
+		// Extract any aliases that might exist. We use this information
 		// in the _protect_identifiers to know whether to add a table prefix
 		$this->_track_aliases($table);
 
 		// Strip apart the condition and protect the identifiers
 		if (preg_match('/([\w\.]+)([\W\s]+)(.+)/', $cond, $match))
 		{
-			$match[1] = $this->_protect_identifiers($match[1]);
-			$match[3] = $this->_protect_identifiers($match[3]);
-
-			$cond = $match[1].$match[2].$match[3];
+			$cond = $this->_protect_identifiers($match[1]).$match[2].$this->_protect_identifiers($match[3]);
 		}
 
 		// Assemble the JOIN statement
-		$join = $type.'JOIN '.$this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE).' ON '.$cond;
+		$this->ar_join[] = $join = $type.'JOIN '.$this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE).' ON '.$cond;
 
-		$this->ar_join[] = $join;
 		if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->ar_cache_join[] = $join;
@@ -397,6 +405,8 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	protected function _where($key, $value = NULL, $type = 'AND ', $escape = NULL)
 	{
+		$type = $this->_group_get_type($type);
+
 		if ( ! is_array($key))
 		{
 			$key = array($key => $value);
@@ -410,7 +420,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 		foreach ($key as $k => $v)
 		{
-			$prefix = (count($this->ar_where) == 0 AND count($this->ar_cache_where) == 0) ? '' : $type;
+			$prefix = (count($this->ar_where) === 0 AND count($this->ar_cache_where) === 0) ? '' : $type;
 
 			if (is_null($v) && ! $this->_has_operator($k))
 			{
@@ -423,10 +433,9 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 				if ($escape === TRUE)
 				{
 					$k = $this->_protect_identifiers($k, FALSE, $escape);
-
 					$v = ' '.$this->escape($v);
 				}
-				
+
 				if ( ! $this->_has_operator($k))
 				{
 					$k .= ' = ';
@@ -438,7 +447,6 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			}
 
 			$this->ar_where[] = $prefix.$k.$v;
-
 			if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
 			{
 				$this->ar_cache_where[] = $prefix.$k.$v;
@@ -538,6 +546,8 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			return;
 		}
 
+		$type = $this->_group_get_type($type);
+
 		if ( ! is_array($values))
 		{
 			$values = array($values);
@@ -550,11 +560,9 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$this->ar_wherein[] = $this->escape($value);
 		}
 
-		$prefix = (count($this->ar_where) == 0) ? '' : $type;
-
-		$where_in = $prefix . $this->_protect_identifiers($key) . $not . " IN (" . implode(", ", $this->ar_wherein) . ") ";
+		$prefix = (count($this->ar_where) === 0) ? '' : $type;
+		$this->ar_where[] = $where_in = $prefix.$this->_protect_identifiers($key).$not.' IN ('.implode(', ', $this->ar_wherein).') ';
 
-		$this->ar_where[] = $where_in;
 		if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->ar_cache_where[] = $where_in;
@@ -648,6 +656,8 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	protected function _like($field, $match = '', $type = 'AND ', $side = 'both', $not = '')
 	{
+		$type = $this->_group_get_type($type);
+
 		if ( ! is_array($field))
 		{
 			$field = array($field => $match);
@@ -656,20 +666,18 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		foreach ($field as $k => $v)
 		{
 			$k = $this->_protect_identifiers($k);
-
-			$prefix = (count($this->ar_like) == 0) ? '' : $type;
-
+			$prefix = (count($this->ar_like) === 0) ? '' : $type;
 			$v = $this->escape_like_str($v);
-			
-			if ($side == 'none')
+
+			if ($side === 'none')
 			{
 				$like_statement = $prefix." $k $not LIKE '{$v}'";
 			}
-			elseif ($side == 'before')
+			elseif ($side === 'before')
 			{
 				$like_statement = $prefix." $k $not LIKE '%{$v}'";
 			}
-			elseif ($side == 'after')
+			elseif ($side === 'after')
 			{
 				$like_statement = $prefix." $k $not LIKE '{$v}%'";
 			}
@@ -692,12 +700,114 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			}
 
 		}
+
 		return $this;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Starts a query group.
+	 *
+	 * @param	string (Internal use only)
+	 * @param	string (Internal use only)
+	 * @return	object
+	 */
+	public function group_start($not = '', $type = 'AND ')
+	{
+		$type = $this->_group_get_type($type);
+		$this->ar_where_group_started = TRUE;
+		$prefix = (count($this->ar_where) === 0 AND count($this->ar_cache_where) === 0) ? '' : $type;
+		$this->ar_where[] = $value = $prefix.$not.str_repeat(' ', ++$this->ar_where_group_count).' (';
+
+		if ($this->ar_caching)
+		{
+			$this->ar_cache_where[] = $value;
+		}
+
+		return $this;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Starts a query group, but ORs the group
+	 *
+	 * @return	object
+	 */
+	public function or_group_start()
+	{
+		return $this->group_start('', 'OR ');
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Starts a query group, but NOTs the group
+	 *
+	 * @return	object
+	 */
+	public function not_group_start()
+	{
+		return $this->group_start('NOT ', 'AND ');
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Starts a query group, but OR NOTs the group
+	 *
+	 * @return	object
+	 */
+	public function or_not_group_start()
+	{
+		return $this->group_start('NOT ', 'OR ');
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Ends a query group
+	 *
+	 * @return	object
+	 */
+	public function group_end()
+	{
+		$this->ar_where_group_started = FALSE;
+		$this->ar_where[] = $value = str_repeat(' ', $this->ar_where_group_count--) . ')';
+
+		if ($this->ar_caching)
+		{
+			$this->ar_cache_where[] = $value;
+		}
+
+		return $this;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Group_get_type
+	 *
+	 * Called by group_start(), _like(), _where() and _where_in()
+	 *
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	string
+	 */
+	protected function _group_get_type($type)
+	{
+		if ($this->ar_where_group_started)
+		{
+			$type = '';
+			$this->ar_where_group_started = FALSE;
+		}
+
+		return $type;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * GROUP BY
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
@@ -716,15 +826,16 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 			if ($val != '')
 			{
-				$this->ar_groupby[] = $this->_protect_identifiers($val);
+				$this->ar_groupby[] = $val = $this->_protect_identifiers($val);
 
 				if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
 				{
-					$this->ar_cache_groupby[] = $this->_protect_identifiers($val);
+					$this->ar_cache_groupby[] = $val;
 					$this->ar_cache_exists[] = 'groupby';
 				}
 			}
 		}
+
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -780,7 +891,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 		foreach ($key as $k => $v)
 		{
-			$prefix = (count($this->ar_having) == 0) ? '' : $type;
+			$prefix = (count($this->ar_having) === 0) ? '' : $type;
 
 			if ($escape === TRUE)
 			{
@@ -815,11 +926,12 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 *
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string	direction: asc or desc
+	 * @param	bool	enable field name escaping
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	public function order_by($orderby, $direction = '')
+	public function order_by($orderby, $direction = '', $escape = TRUE)
 	{
-		if (strtolower($direction) == 'random')
+		if (strtolower($direction) === 'random')
 		{
 			$orderby = ''; // Random results want or don't need a field name
 			$direction = $this->_random_keyword;
@@ -830,7 +942,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 
-		if (strpos($orderby, ',') !== FALSE)
+		if ((strpos($orderby, ',') !== FALSE) && $escape === TRUE)
 		{
 			$temp = array();
 			foreach (explode(',', $orderby) as $part)
@@ -846,14 +958,16 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 			$orderby = implode(', ', $temp);
 		}
-		else if ($direction != $this->_random_keyword)
+		elseif ($direction != $this->_random_keyword)
 		{
-			$orderby = $this->_protect_identifiers($orderby);
+			if ($escape === TRUE)
+			{
+				$orderby = $this->_protect_identifiers($orderby);
+			}
 		}
 
-		$orderby_statement = $orderby.$direction;
+		$this->ar_orderby[] = $orderby_statement = $orderby.$direction;
 
-		$this->ar_orderby[] = $orderby_statement;
 		if ($this->ar_caching === TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->ar_cache_orderby[] = $orderby_statement;
@@ -935,6 +1049,36 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Get SELECT query string
+	 *
+	 * Compiles a SELECT query string and returns the sql.
+	 *
+	 * @access	public
+	 * @param	string	the table name to select from (optional)
+	 * @param	boolean	TRUE: resets AR values; FALSE: leave AR vaules alone
+	 * @return	string
+	 */
+	public function get_compiled_select($table = '', $reset = TRUE)
+	{
+		if ($table != '')
+		{
+			$this->_track_aliases($table);
+			$this->from($table);
+		}
+
+		$select =  $this->_compile_select();
+
+		if ($reset === TRUE)
+		{
+			$this->_reset_select();
+		}
+
+		return $select;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Get
 	 *
 	 * Compiles the select statement based on the other functions called
@@ -958,9 +1102,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$this->limit($limit, $offset);
 		}
 
-		$sql = $this->_compile_select();
-
-		$result = $this->query($sql);
+		$result = $this->query($this->_compile_select());
 		$this->_reset_select();
 		return $result;
 	}
@@ -982,20 +1124,17 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$this->from($table);
 		}
 
-		$sql = $this->_compile_select($this->_count_string . $this->_protect_identifiers('numrows'));
-
-		$query = $this->query($sql);
+		$result = $this->query($this->_compile_select($this->_count_string.$this->_protect_identifiers('numrows')));
 		$this->_reset_select();
 
-		if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
+		if ($result->num_rows() === 0)
 		{
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		$row = $query->row();
+		$row = $result->row();
 		return (int) $row->numrows;
 	}
-
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -1025,9 +1164,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$this->limit($limit, $offset);
 		}
 
-		$sql = $this->_compile_select();
-
-		$result = $this->query($sql);
+		$result = $this->query($this->_compile_select());
 		$this->_reset_select();
 		return $result;
 	}
@@ -1050,11 +1187,11 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$this->set_insert_batch($set);
 		}
 
-		if (count($this->ar_set) == 0)
+		if (count($this->ar_set) === 0)
 		{
 			if ($this->db_debug)
 			{
-				//No valid data array.  Folds in cases where keys and values did not match up
+				// No valid data array. Folds in cases where keys and values did not match up
 				return $this->display_error('db_must_use_set');
 			}
 			return FALSE;
@@ -1064,30 +1201,19 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
 			{
-				if ($this->db_debug)
-				{
-					return $this->display_error('db_must_set_table');
-				}
-				return FALSE;
+				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 			}
 
 			$table = $this->ar_from[0];
 		}
 
 		// Batch this baby
-		for ($i = 0, $total = count($this->ar_set); $i < $total; $i = $i + 100)
+		for ($i = 0, $total = count($this->ar_set); $i < $total; $i += 100)
 		{
-
-			$sql = $this->_insert_batch($this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE), $this->ar_keys, array_slice($this->ar_set, $i, 100));
-
-			//echo $sql;
-
-			$this->query($sql);
+			$this->query($this->_insert_batch($this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE), $this->ar_keys, array_slice($this->ar_set, $i, 100)));
 		}
 
 		$this->_reset_write();
-
-
 		return TRUE;
 	}
 
@@ -1131,7 +1257,6 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			else
 			{
 				$clean = array();
-
 				foreach ($row as $value)
 				{
 					$clean[] = $this->escape($value);
@@ -1152,48 +1277,107 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Get INSERT query string
+	 *
+	 * Compiles an insert query and returns the sql
+	 *
+	 * @access	public
+	 * @param	string	the table to insert into
+	 * @param	boolean	TRUE: reset AR values; FALSE: leave AR values alone
+	 * @return	string
+	 */
+	public function get_compiled_insert($table = '', $reset = TRUE)
+	{
+		if ($this->_validate_insert($table) === FALSE)
+		{
+			return FALSE;
+		}
+
+		$sql = $this->_insert(
+			$this->_protect_identifiers(
+				$this->ar_from[0], TRUE, NULL, FALSE
+			),
+			array_keys($this->ar_set),
+			array_values($this->ar_set)
+		);
+
+		if ($reset === TRUE)
+		{
+			$this->_reset_write();
+		}
+
+		return $sql;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Insert
 	 *
 	 * Compiles an insert string and runs the query
 	 *
+	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table to insert data into
 	 * @param	array	an associative array of insert values
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function insert($table = '', $set = NULL)
+	public function insert($table = '', $set = NULL)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_null($set))
 		{
 			$this->set($set);
 		}
 
-		if (count($this->ar_set) == 0)
+		if ($this->_validate_insert($table) === FALSE)
 		{
-			if ($this->db_debug)
-			{
-				return $this->display_error('db_must_use_set');
-			}
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
+		$sql = $this->_insert(
+			$this->_protect_identifiers(
+				$this->ar_from[0], TRUE, NULL, FALSE
+			),
+			array_keys($this->ar_set),
+			array_values($this->ar_set)
+		);
+
+		$this->_reset_write();
+		return $this->query($sql);
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Validate Insert
+	 *
+	 * This method is used by both insert() and get_compiled_insert() to
+	 * validate that the there data is actually being set and that table
+	 * has been chosen to be inserted into.
+	 *
+	 * @access	public
+	 * @param	string	the table to insert data into
+	 * @return	string
+	 */
+	protected function _validate_insert($table = '')
+	{
+		if (count($this->ar_set) === 0)
+		{
+			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_use_set') : FALSE;
+		}
+
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
 			{
-				if ($this->db_debug)
-				{
-					return $this->display_error('db_must_set_table');
-				}
-				return FALSE;
+				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 			}
-
-			$table = $this->ar_from[0];
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			$this->ar_from[0] = $table;
 		}
 
-		$sql = $this->_insert($this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE), array_keys($this->ar_set), array_values($this->ar_set));
-
-		$this->_reset_write();
-		return $this->query($sql);
+		return TRUE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1214,31 +1398,22 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$this->set($set);
 		}
 
-		if (count($this->ar_set) == 0)
+		if (count($this->ar_set) === 0)
 		{
-			if ($this->db_debug)
-			{
-				return $this->display_error('db_must_use_set');
-			}
-			return FALSE;
+			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_use_set') : FALSE;
 		}
 
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
 			{
-				if ($this->db_debug)
-				{
-					return $this->display_error('db_must_set_table');
-				}
-				return FALSE;
+				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 			}
 
 			$table = $this->ar_from[0];
 		}
 
 		$sql = $this->_replace($this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE), array_keys($this->ar_set), array_values($this->ar_set));
-
 		$this->_reset_write();
 		return $this->query($sql);
 	}
@@ -1246,6 +1421,38 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Get UPDATE query string
+	 *
+	 * Compiles an update query and returns the sql
+	 *
+	 * @access	public
+	 * @param	string	the table to update
+	 * @param	boolean	TRUE: reset AR values; FALSE: leave AR values alone
+	 * @return	string
+	 */
+	public function get_compiled_update($table = '', $reset = TRUE)
+	{
+		// Combine any cached components with the current statements
+		$this->_merge_cache();
+
+		if ($this->_validate_update($table) === FALSE)
+		{
+			return FALSE;
+		}
+
+		$sql = $this->_update($this->_protect_identifiers($this->ar_from[0], TRUE, NULL, FALSE), $this->ar_set, $this->ar_where, $this->ar_orderby, $this->ar_limit);
+
+		if ($reset === TRUE)
+		{
+			$this->_reset_write();
+		}
+
+		return $sql;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Update
 	 *
 	 * Compiles an update string and runs the query
@@ -1265,29 +1472,11 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$this->set($set);
 		}
 
-		if (count($this->ar_set) == 0)
+		if ($this->_validate_update($table) === FALSE)
 		{
-			if ($this->db_debug)
-			{
-				return $this->display_error('db_must_use_set');
-			}
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		if ($table == '')
-		{
-			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
-			{
-				if ($this->db_debug)
-				{
-					return $this->display_error('db_must_set_table');
-				}
-				return FALSE;
-			}
-
-			$table = $this->ar_from[0];
-		}
-
 		if ($where != NULL)
 		{
 			$this->where($where);
@@ -1298,12 +1487,45 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$this->limit($limit);
 		}
 
-		$sql = $this->_update($this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE), $this->ar_set, $this->ar_where, $this->ar_orderby, $this->ar_limit);
-
+		$sql = $this->_update($this->_protect_identifiers($this->ar_from[0], TRUE, NULL, FALSE), $this->ar_set, $this->ar_where, $this->ar_orderby, $this->ar_limit, $this->ar_like);
 		$this->_reset_write();
 		return $this->query($sql);
 	}
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Validate Update
+	 *
+	 * This method is used by both update() and get_compiled_update() to
+	 * validate that data is actually being set and that a table has been
+	 * chosen to be update.
+	 *
+	 * @access	public
+	 * @param	string	the table to update data on
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	protected function _validate_update($table = '')
+	{
+		if (count($this->ar_set) == 0)
+		{
+			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_use_set') : FALSE;
+		}
+
+		if ($table == '')
+		{
+			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
+			{
+				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			$this->ar_from[0] = $table;
+		}
+
+		return TRUE;
+	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -1315,7 +1537,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 * @param	string	the table to retrieve the results from
 	 * @param	array	an associative array of update values
 	 * @param	string	the where key
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function update_batch($table = '', $set = NULL, $index = NULL)
 	{
@@ -1324,12 +1546,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 		if (is_null($index))
 		{
-			if ($this->db_debug)
-			{
-				return $this->display_error('db_must_use_index');
-			}
-
-			return FALSE;
+			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_use_index') : FALSE;
 		}
 
 		if ( ! is_null($set))
@@ -1337,39 +1554,29 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$this->set_update_batch($set, $index);
 		}
 
-		if (count($this->ar_set) == 0)
+		if (count($this->ar_set) === 0)
 		{
-			if ($this->db_debug)
-			{
-				return $this->display_error('db_must_use_set');
-			}
-
-			return FALSE;
+			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_use_set') : FALSE;
 		}
 
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
 			{
-				if ($this->db_debug)
-				{
-					return $this->display_error('db_must_set_table');
-				}
-				return FALSE;
+				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 			}
 
 			$table = $this->ar_from[0];
 		}
 
 		// Batch this baby
-		for ($i = 0, $total = count($this->ar_set); $i < $total; $i = $i + 100)
+		for ($i = 0, $total = count($this->ar_set); $i < $total; $i += 100)
 		{
-			$sql = $this->_update_batch($this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE), array_slice($this->ar_set, $i, 100), $this->_protect_identifiers($index), $this->ar_where);
-
-			$this->query($sql);
+			$this->query($this->_update_batch($this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE), array_slice($this->ar_set, $i, 100), $this->_protect_identifiers($index), $this->ar_where));
 		}
 
 		$this->_reset_write();
+		return TRUE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1395,7 +1602,6 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		{
 			$index_set = FALSE;
 			$clean = array();
-
 			foreach ($v as $k2 => $v2)
 			{
 				if ($k2 == $index)
@@ -1407,14 +1613,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 					$not[] = $k.'-'.$v;
 				}
 
-				if ($escape === FALSE)
-				{
-					$clean[$this->_protect_identifiers($k2)] = $v2;
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$clean[$this->_protect_identifiers($k2)] = $this->escape($v2);
-				}
+				$clean[$this->_protect_identifiers($k2)] = ($escape === FALSE) ? $v2 : $this->escape($v2);
 			}
 
 			if ($index_set == FALSE)
@@ -1444,11 +1643,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
 			{
-				if ($this->db_debug)
-				{
-					return $this->display_error('db_must_set_table');
-				}
-				return FALSE;
+				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 			}
 
 			$table = $this->ar_from[0];
@@ -1459,9 +1654,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		$sql = $this->_delete($table);
-
 		$this->_reset_write();
-
 		return $this->query($sql);
 	}
 
@@ -1483,11 +1676,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
 			{
-				if ($this->db_debug)
-				{
-					return $this->display_error('db_must_set_table');
-				}
-				return FALSE;
+				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 			}
 
 			$table = $this->ar_from[0];
@@ -1498,15 +1687,33 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		$sql = $this->_truncate($table);
-
 		$this->_reset_write();
-
 		return $this->query($sql);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Get DELETE query string
+	 *
+	 * Compiles a delete query string and returns the sql
+	 *
+	 * @access	public
+	 * @param	string	the table to delete from
+	 * @param	boolean	TRUE: reset AR values; FALSE: leave AR values alone
+	 * @return	string
+	 */
+	public function get_compiled_delete($table = '', $reset = TRUE)
+	{
+		$this->return_delete_sql = TRUE;
+		$sql = $this->delete($table, '', NULL, $reset);
+		$this->return_delete_sql = FALSE;
+		return $sql;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Delete
 	 *
 	 * Compiles a delete string and runs the query
@@ -1526,11 +1733,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($this->ar_from[0]))
 			{
-				if ($this->db_debug)
-				{
-					return $this->display_error('db_must_set_table');
-				}
-				return FALSE;
+				return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_must_set_table') : FALSE;
 			}
 
 			$table = $this->ar_from[0];
@@ -1560,24 +1763,18 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$this->limit($limit);
 		}
 
-		if (count($this->ar_where) == 0 && count($this->ar_wherein) == 0 && count($this->ar_like) == 0)
+		if (count($this->ar_where) === 0 && count($this->ar_wherein) === 0 && count($this->ar_like) === 0)
 		{
-			if ($this->db_debug)
-			{
-				return $this->display_error('db_del_must_use_where');
-			}
-
-			return FALSE;
+			return ($this->db_debug) ? $this->display_error('db_del_must_use_where') : FALSE;
 		}
 
 		$sql = $this->_delete($table, $this->ar_where, $this->ar_like, $this->ar_limit);
-
 		if ($reset_data)
 		{
 			$this->_reset_write();
 		}
 
-		return $this->query($sql);
+		return ($this->return_delete_sql === TRUE) ? $sql : $this->query($sql);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1644,13 +1841,13 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		// if a table alias is used we can recognize it by a space
-		if (strpos($table, " ") !== FALSE)
+		if (strpos($table, ' ') !== FALSE)
 		{
 			// if the alias is written with the AS keyword, remove it
 			$table = preg_replace('/ AS /i', ' ', $table);
 
 			// Grab the alias
-			$table = trim(strrchr($table, " "));
+			$table = trim(strrchr($table, ' '));
 
 			// Store the alias, if it doesn't already exist
 			if ( ! in_array($table, $this->ar_aliased_tables))
@@ -1675,10 +1872,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		// Combine any cached components with the current statements
 		$this->_merge_cache();
 
-		// ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
 		// Write the "select" portion of the query
-
 		if ($select_override !== FALSE)
 		{
 			$sql = $select_override;
@@ -1687,7 +1881,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		{
 			$sql = ( ! $this->ar_distinct) ? 'SELECT ' : 'SELECT DISTINCT ';
 
-			if (count($this->ar_select) == 0)
+			if (count($this->ar_select) === 0)
 			{
 				$sql .= '*';
 			}
@@ -1706,32 +1900,19 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			}
 		}
 
-		// ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
 		// Write the "FROM" portion of the query
-
 		if (count($this->ar_from) > 0)
 		{
-			$sql .= "\nFROM ";
-
-			$sql .= $this->_from_tables($this->ar_from);
+			$sql .= "\nFROM ".$this->_from_tables($this->ar_from);
 		}
 
-		// ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
 		// Write the "JOIN" portion of the query
-
 		if (count($this->ar_join) > 0)
 		{
-			$sql .= "\n";
-
-			$sql .= implode("\n", $this->ar_join);
+			$sql .= "\n".implode("\n", $this->ar_join);
 		}
 
-		// ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
 		// Write the "WHERE" portion of the query
-
 		if (count($this->ar_where) > 0 OR count($this->ar_like) > 0)
 		{
 			$sql .= "\nWHERE ";
@@ -1739,10 +1920,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 
 		$sql .= implode("\n", $this->ar_where);
 
-		// ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
 		// Write the "LIKE" portion of the query
-
 		if (count($this->ar_like) > 0)
 		{
 			if (count($this->ar_where) > 0)
@@ -1753,50 +1931,32 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$sql .= implode("\n", $this->ar_like);
 		}
 
-		// ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
 		// Write the "GROUP BY" portion of the query
-
 		if (count($this->ar_groupby) > 0)
 		{
-			$sql .= "\nGROUP BY ";
-
-			$sql .= implode(', ', $this->ar_groupby);
+			$sql .= "\nGROUP BY ".implode(', ', $this->ar_groupby);
 		}
 
-		// ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
 		// Write the "HAVING" portion of the query
-
 		if (count($this->ar_having) > 0)
 		{
-			$sql .= "\nHAVING ";
-			$sql .= implode("\n", $this->ar_having);
+			$sql .= "\nHAVING ".implode("\n", $this->ar_having);
 		}
 
-		// ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
 		// Write the "ORDER BY" portion of the query
-
 		if (count($this->ar_orderby) > 0)
 		{
-			$sql .= "\nORDER BY ";
-			$sql .= implode(', ', $this->ar_orderby);
-
+			$sql .= "\nORDER BY ".implode(', ', $this->ar_orderby);
 			if ($this->ar_order !== FALSE)
 			{
 				$sql .= ($this->ar_order == 'desc') ? ' DESC' : ' ASC';
 			}
 		}
 
-		// ----------------------------------------------------------------
-
 		// Write the "LIMIT" portion of the query
-
 		if (is_numeric($this->ar_limit))
 		{
-			$sql .= "\n";
-			$sql = $this->_limit($sql, $this->ar_limit, $this->ar_offset);
+			return $this->_limit($sql."\n", $this->ar_limit, $this->ar_offset);
 		}
 
 		return $sql;
@@ -1856,14 +2016,12 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		foreach ($fields as $val)
 		{
 			// There are some built in keys we need to ignore for this conversion
-			if ($val != '_parent_name')
+			if ($val !== '_parent_name')
 			{
-
 				$i = 0;
 				foreach ($out[$val] as $data)
 				{
-					$array[$i][$val] = $data;
-					$i++;
+					$array[$i++][$val] = $data;
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -1938,7 +2096,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	protected function _merge_cache()
 	{
-		if (count($this->ar_cache_exists) == 0)
+		if (count($this->ar_cache_exists) === 0)
 		{
 			return;
 		}
@@ -1948,7 +2106,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$ar_variable	= 'ar_'.$val;
 			$ar_cache_var	= 'ar_cache_'.$val;
 
-			if (count($this->$ar_cache_var) == 0)
+			if (count($this->$ar_cache_var) === 0)
 			{
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -1969,6 +2127,21 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Reset Active Record values.
+	 *
+	 * Publicly-visible method to reset the AR values.
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
+	 */
+	public function reset_query()
+	{
+		$this->_reset_select();
+		$this->_reset_write();
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Resets the active record values.  Called by the get() function
 	 *
 	 * @param	array	An array of fields to reset
@@ -1994,25 +2167,24 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	protected function _reset_select()
 	{
-		$ar_reset_items = array(
-			'ar_select'			=> array(),
-			'ar_from'			=> array(),
-			'ar_join'			=> array(),
-			'ar_where'			=> array(),
-			'ar_like'			=> array(),
-			'ar_groupby'		=> array(),
-			'ar_having'			=> array(),
-			'ar_orderby'		=> array(),
-			'ar_wherein'		=> array(),
-			'ar_aliased_tables'	=> array(),
-			'ar_no_escape'		=> array(),
-			'ar_distinct'		=> FALSE,
-			'ar_limit'			=> FALSE,
-			'ar_offset'			=> FALSE,
-			'ar_order'			=> FALSE,
-		);
-
-		$this->_reset_run($ar_reset_items);
+		$this->_reset_run(array(
+					'ar_select'		=> array(),
+					'ar_from'		=> array(),
+					'ar_join'		=> array(),
+					'ar_where'		=> array(),
+					'ar_like'		=> array(),
+					'ar_groupby'		=> array(),
+					'ar_having'		=> array(),
+					'ar_orderby'		=> array(),
+					'ar_wherein'		=> array(),
+					'ar_aliased_tables'	=> array(),
+					'ar_no_escape'		=> array(),
+					'ar_distinct'		=> FALSE,
+					'ar_limit'		=> FALSE,
+					'ar_offset'		=> FALSE,
+					'ar_order'		=> FALSE
+					)
+				);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -2026,20 +2198,20 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	protected function _reset_write()
 	{
-		$ar_reset_items = array(
-			'ar_set'		=> array(),
-			'ar_from'		=> array(),
-			'ar_where'		=> array(),
-			'ar_like'		=> array(),
-			'ar_orderby'	=> array(),
-			'ar_keys'		=> array(),
-			'ar_limit'		=> FALSE,
-			'ar_order'		=> FALSE
-		);
-
-		$this->_reset_run($ar_reset_items);
+		$this->_reset_run(array(
+					'ar_set'	=> array(),
+					'ar_from'	=> array(),
+					'ar_where'	=> array(),
+					'ar_like'	=> array(),
+					'ar_orderby'	=> array(),
+					'ar_keys'	=> array(),
+					'ar_limit'	=> FALSE,
+					'ar_order'	=> FALSE
+					)
+				);
 	}
+
 }
 
 /* End of file DB_active_rec.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB_active_rec.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB_active_rec.php */
diff --git a/system/database/DB_cache.php b/system/database/DB_cache.php
index ad1c28d72..79651fcb0 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_cache.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_cache.php
@@ -1,42 +1,45 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Database Cache Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_Cache {
 
-	var $CI;
-	var $db;	// allows passing of db object so that multiple database connections and returned db objects can be supported
+	public $CI;
+	public $db;	// allows passing of db object so that multiple database connections and returned db objects can be supported
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 *
-	 * Grabs the CI super object instance so we can access it.
-	 *
-	 */
-	function __construct(&$db)
+	public function __construct(&$db)
 	{
-		// Assign the main CI object to $this->CI
-		// and load the file helper since we use it a lot
+		// Assign the main CI object to $this->CI and load the file helper since we use it a lot
 		$this->CI =& get_instance();
 		$this->db =& $db;
 		$this->CI->load->helper('file');
@@ -47,11 +50,10 @@ class CI_DB_Cache {
 	/**
 	 * Set Cache Directory Path
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the path to the cache directory
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function check_path($path = '')
+	public function check_path($path = '')
 	{
 		if ($path == '')
 		{
@@ -64,7 +66,7 @@ class CI_DB_Cache {
 		}
 
 		// Add a trailing slash to the path if needed
-		$path = preg_replace("/(.+?)\/*$/", "\\1/",  $path);
+		$path = preg_replace('/(.+?)\/*$/', '\\1/',  $path);
 
 		if ( ! is_dir($path) OR ! is_really_writable($path))
 		{
@@ -84,10 +86,9 @@ class CI_DB_Cache {
 	 * The URI being requested will become the name of the cache sub-folder.
 	 * An MD5 hash of the SQL statement will become the cache file name
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function read($sql)
+	public function read($sql)
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->check_path())
 		{
@@ -95,9 +96,7 @@ class CI_DB_Cache {
 		}
 
 		$segment_one = ($this->CI->uri->segment(1) == FALSE) ? 'default' : $this->CI->uri->segment(1);
-
 		$segment_two = ($this->CI->uri->segment(2) == FALSE) ? 'index' : $this->CI->uri->segment(2);
-
 		$filepath = $this->db->cachedir.$segment_one.'+'.$segment_two.'/'.md5($sql);
 
 		if (FALSE === ($cachedata = read_file($filepath)))
@@ -113,10 +112,9 @@ class CI_DB_Cache {
 	/**
 	 * Write a query to a cache file
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function write($sql, $object)
+	public function write($sql, $object)
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->check_path())
 		{
@@ -124,11 +122,8 @@ class CI_DB_Cache {
 		}
 
 		$segment_one = ($this->CI->uri->segment(1) == FALSE) ? 'default' : $this->CI->uri->segment(1);
-
 		$segment_two = ($this->CI->uri->segment(2) == FALSE) ? 'index' : $this->CI->uri->segment(2);
-
 		$dir_path = $this->db->cachedir.$segment_one.'+'.$segment_two.'/';
-
 		$filename = md5($sql);
 
 		if ( ! @is_dir($dir_path))
@@ -155,10 +150,9 @@ class CI_DB_Cache {
 	/**
 	 * Delete cache files within a particular directory
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function delete($segment_one = '', $segment_two = '')
+	public function delete($segment_one = '', $segment_two = '')
 	{
 		if ($segment_one == '')
 		{
@@ -171,7 +165,6 @@ class CI_DB_Cache {
 		}
 
 		$dir_path = $this->db->cachedir.$segment_one.'+'.$segment_two.'/';
-
 		delete_files($dir_path, TRUE);
 	}
 
@@ -180,16 +173,14 @@ class CI_DB_Cache {
 	/**
 	 * Delete all existing cache files
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function delete_all()
+	public function delete_all()
 	{
 		delete_files($this->db->cachedir, TRUE);
 	}
 
 }
 
-
 /* End of file DB_cache.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB_cache.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB_cache.php */
diff --git a/system/database/DB_driver.php b/system/database/DB_driver.php
index d7b63b9dc..271a70ec4 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_driver.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -25,7 +37,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_driver {
@@ -69,8 +81,7 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 	var $stmt_id;
 	var $curs_id;
 	var $limit_used;
-
-
+	
 
 	/**
 	 * Constructor.  Accepts one parameter containing the database
@@ -96,11 +107,9 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 	/**
 	 * Initialize Database Settings
 	 *
-	 * @access	private Called by the constructor
-	 * @param	mixed
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function initialize()
+	public function initialize()
 	{
 		// If an existing connection resource is available
 		// there is no need to connect and select the database
@@ -114,46 +123,61 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 		// Connect to the database and set the connection ID
 		$this->conn_id = ($this->pconnect == FALSE) ? $this->db_connect() : $this->db_pconnect();
 
-		// No connection resource?  Throw an error
+		// No connection resource? Check if there is a failover else throw an error
 		if ( ! $this->conn_id)
 		{
-			log_message('error', 'Unable to connect to the database');
-
-			if ($this->db_debug)
+			// Check if there is a failover set
+			if ( ! empty($this->failover) && is_array($this->failover))
 			{
-				$this->display_error('db_unable_to_connect');
-			}
-			return FALSE;
-		}
+				// Go over all the failovers
+				foreach ($this->failover as $failover)
+				{
+					// Replace the current settings with those of the failover
+					foreach ($failover as $key => $val)
+					{
+						$this->$key = $val;
+					}
 
-		// ----------------------------------------------------------------
+					// Try to connect
+					$this->conn_id = ($this->pconnect == FALSE) ? $this->db_connect() : $this->db_pconnect();
 
-		// Select the DB... assuming a database name is specified in the config file
-		if ($this->database != '')
-		{
-			if ( ! $this->db_select())
+					// If a connection is made break the foreach loop
+					if ($this->conn_id)
+					{
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// We still don't have a connection?
+			if ( ! $this->conn_id)
 			{
-				log_message('error', 'Unable to select database: '.$this->database);
+				log_message('error', 'Unable to connect to the database');
 
 				if ($this->db_debug)
 				{
-					$this->display_error('db_unable_to_select', $this->database);
+					$this->display_error('db_unable_to_connect');
 				}
 				return FALSE;
 			}
-			else
-			{
-				// We've selected the DB. Now we set the character set
-				if ( ! $this->db_set_charset($this->char_set, $this->dbcollat))
-				{
-					return FALSE;
-				}
+		}
+
+		// ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+		// Select the DB... assuming a database name is specified in the config file
+		if ($this->database !== '' && ! $this->db_select())
+		{
+			log_message('error', 'Unable to select database: '.$this->database);
 
-				return TRUE;
+			if ($this->db_debug)
+			{
+				$this->display_error('db_unable_to_select', $this->database);
 			}
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		return TRUE;
+		// Now we set the character set and that's all
+		return $this->db_set_charset($this->char_set, $this->dbcollat);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -218,7 +242,7 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 
 		// Some DBs have functions that return the version, and don't run special
 		// SQL queries per se. In these instances, just return the result.
-		$driver_version_exceptions = array('oci8', 'sqlite', 'cubrid', 'pdo');
+		$driver_version_exceptions = array('oci8', 'sqlite', 'cubrid', 'pdo', 'mysqli');
 
 		if (in_array($this->dbdriver, $driver_version_exceptions))
 		{
@@ -510,6 +534,7 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		$this->trans_begin($test_mode);
+		$this->_trans_depth += 1;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -533,6 +558,10 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 			$this->_trans_depth -= 1;
 			return TRUE;
 		}
+		else
+		{
+			$this->_trans_depth = 0;
+		}
 
 		// The query() function will set this flag to FALSE in the event that a query failed
 		if ($this->_trans_status === FALSE)
@@ -770,20 +799,23 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 
 		if ($query->num_rows() > 0)
 		{
-			foreach ($query->result_array() as $row)
+			$table = FALSE;
+			$rows = $query->result_array();
+			$key = (($row = current($rows)) && in_array('table_name', array_map('strtolower', array_keys($row))));
+
+			if ($key)
 			{
-				if (isset($row['TABLE_NAME']))
-				{
-					$retval[] = $row['TABLE_NAME'];
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$retval[] = array_shift($row);
-				}
+				$table = array_key_exists('TABLE_NAME', $row) ? 'TABLE_NAME' : 'table_name';
+			}
+
+			foreach ($rows as $row)
+			{
+				$retval[] = ( ! $table) ? current($row) : $row[$table];
 			}
 		}
 
 		$this->data_cache['table_names'] = $retval;
+		
 		return $this->data_cache['table_names'];
 	}
 
@@ -1020,7 +1052,14 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 		{
 			$args = (func_num_args() > 1) ? array_splice(func_get_args(), 1) : null;
 
-			return call_user_func_array($function, $args);
+			if (is_null($args))
+			{
+				return call_user_func($function);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				return call_user_func_array($function, $args);
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1385,10 +1424,7 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 
 		return $item.$alias;
 	}
-
-
 }
 
-
 /* End of file DB_driver.php */
 /* Location: ./system/database/DB_driver.php */
diff --git a/system/database/DB_forge.php b/system/database/DB_forge.php
index 6bc40411b..336e9497d 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_forge.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
- * Code Igniter
+ * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -19,28 +31,22 @@
  * Database Utility Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_forge {
 
-	var $fields			= array();
-	var $keys			= array();
-	var $primary_keys	= array();
-	var $db_char_set	=	'';
+	public $fields		= array();
+	public $keys		= array();
+	public $primary_keys	= array();
+	public $db_char_set	=	'';
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 *
-	 * Grabs the CI super object instance so we can access it.
-	 *
-	 */
-	function __construct()
+	public function __construct()
 	{
 		// Assign the main database object to $this->db
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 		$this->db =& $CI->db;
-		log_message('debug', "Database Forge Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Database Forge Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -48,20 +54,13 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Create database
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the database name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function create_database($db_name)
+	public function create_database($db_name)
 	{
 		$sql = $this->_create_database($db_name);
-
-		if (is_bool($sql))
-		{
-			return $sql;
-		}
-
-		return $this->db->query($sql);
+		return is_bool($sql) ? $sql : $this->db->query($sql);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -69,20 +68,13 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Drop database
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the database name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function drop_database($db_name)
+	public function drop_database($db_name)
 	{
 		$sql = $this->_drop_database($db_name);
-
-		if (is_bool($sql))
-		{
-			return $sql;
-		}
-
-		return $this->db->query($sql);
+		return is_bool($sql) ? $sql : $this->db->query($sql);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -90,12 +82,11 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Add Key
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	key
 	 * @param	string	type
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function add_key($key = '', $primary = FALSE)
+	public function add_key($key = '', $primary = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (is_array($key))
 		{
@@ -120,6 +111,8 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 		{
 			$this->keys[] = $key;
 		}
+
+		return $this;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -127,11 +120,10 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Add Field
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	collation
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function add_field($field = '')
+	public function add_field($field = '')
 	{
 		if ($field == '')
 		{
@@ -140,15 +132,15 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 
 		if (is_string($field))
 		{
-			if ($field == 'id')
+			if ($field === 'id')
 			{
 				$this->add_field(array(
-										'id' => array(
-													'type' => 'INT',
-													'constraint' => 9,
-													'auto_increment' => TRUE
-													)
-								));
+					'id' => array(
+						'type' => 'INT',
+						'constraint' => 9,
+						'auto_increment' => TRUE
+					)
+				));
 				$this->add_key('id', TRUE);
 			}
 			else
@@ -167,6 +159,7 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 			$this->fields = array_merge($this->fields, $field);
 		}
 
+		return $this;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -174,26 +167,24 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Create Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function create_table($table = '', $if_not_exists = FALSE)
+	public function create_table($table = '', $if_not_exists = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
 			show_error('A table name is required for that operation.');
 		}
 
-		if (count($this->fields) == 0)
+		if (count($this->fields) === 0)
 		{
 			show_error('Field information is required.');
 		}
 
 		$sql = $this->_create_table($this->db->dbprefix.$table, $this->fields, $this->primary_keys, $this->keys, $if_not_exists);
-
 		$this->_reset();
-		return $this->db->query($sql);
+		return is_bool($sql) ? $sql : $this->db->query($sql);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -201,20 +192,13 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Drop Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function drop_table($table_name)
+	public function drop_table($table_name)
 	{
 		$sql = $this->_drop_table($this->db->dbprefix.$table_name);
-
-		if (is_bool($sql))
-		{
-			return $sql;
-		}
-
-		return $this->db->query($sql);
+		return is_bool($sql) ? $sql : $this->db->query($sql);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -222,20 +206,18 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Rename Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the old table name
 	 * @param	string	the new table name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
+	public function rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
 	{
 		if ($table_name == '' OR $new_table_name == '')
 		{
 			show_error('A table name is required for that operation.');
 		}
 
-		$sql = $this->_rename_table($this->db->dbprefix.$table_name, $this->db->dbprefix.$new_table_name);
-		return $this->db->query($sql);
+		return $this->db->query($this->_rename_table($this->db->dbprefix.$table_name, $this->db->dbprefix.$new_table_name));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -243,13 +225,12 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Column Add
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	string	the column name
 	 * @param	string	the column definition
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function add_column($table = '', $field = array(), $after_field = '')
+	public function add_column($table = '', $field = array(), $after_field = '')
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
@@ -258,8 +239,7 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 
 		// add field info into field array, but we can only do one at a time
 		// so we cycle through
-
-		foreach ($field as $k => $v)
+		foreach (array_keys($field) as $k)
 		{
 			$this->add_field(array($k => $field[$k]));
 
@@ -269,7 +249,6 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 			}
 
 			$sql = $this->_alter_table('ADD', $this->db->dbprefix.$table, $this->fields, $after_field);
-
 			$this->_reset();
 
 			if ($this->db->query($sql) === FALSE)
@@ -279,7 +258,6 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 		}
 
 		return TRUE;
-
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -287,14 +265,12 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Column Drop
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	string	the column name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function drop_column($table = '', $column_name = '')
+	public function drop_column($table = '', $column_name = '')
 	{
-
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
 			show_error('A table name is required for that operation.');
@@ -305,9 +281,7 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 			show_error('A column name is required for that operation.');
 		}
 
-		$sql = $this->_alter_table('DROP', $this->db->dbprefix.$table, $column_name);
-
-		return $this->db->query($sql);
+		return $this->db->query($this->_alter_table('DROP', $this->db->dbprefix.$table, $column_name));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -315,13 +289,12 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Column Modify
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	string	the column name
 	 * @param	string	the column definition
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function modify_column($table = '', $field = array())
+	public function modify_column($table = '', $field = array())
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
@@ -330,8 +303,7 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 
 		// add field info into field array, but we can only do one at a time
 		// so we cycle through
-
-		foreach ($field as $k => $v)
+		foreach (array_keys($field) as $k)
 		{
 			// If no name provided, use the current name
 			if ( ! isset($field[$k]['name']))
@@ -340,14 +312,12 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 			}
 
 			$this->add_field(array($k => $field[$k]));
-
-			if (count($this->fields) == 0)
+			if (count($this->fields) === 0)
 			{
 				show_error('Field information is required.');
 			}
 
 			$sql = $this->_alter_table('CHANGE', $this->db->dbprefix.$table, $this->fields);
-
 			$this->_reset();
 
 			if ($this->db->query($sql) === FALSE)
@@ -366,17 +336,14 @@ class CI_DB_forge {
 	 *
 	 * Resets table creation vars
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _reset()
+	protected function _reset()
 	{
-		$this->fields		= array();
-		$this->keys			= array();
-		$this->primary_keys	= array();
+		$this->fields = $this->keys = $this->primary_keys = array();
 	}
 
 }
 
 /* End of file DB_forge.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB_forge.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB_forge.php */
diff --git a/system/database/DB_result.php b/system/database/DB_result.php
index 0c4e78105..730443222 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_result.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_result.php
@@ -1,20 +1,30 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Database Result Class
  *
@@ -23,32 +33,30 @@
  * class for the specific database will extend and instantiate it.
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_result {
 
-	var $conn_id				= NULL;
-	var $result_id				= NULL;
-	var $result_array			= array();
-	var $result_object			= array();
-	var $custom_result_object	= array();
-	var $current_row			= 0;
-	var $num_rows				= 0;
-	var $row_data				= NULL;
-
+	public $conn_id				= NULL;
+	public $result_id			= NULL;
+	public $result_array			= array();
+	public $result_object			= array();
+	public $custom_result_object		= array();
+	public $current_row			= 0;
+	public $num_rows			= 0;
+	public $row_data			= NULL;
 
 	/**
 	 * Query result.  Acts as a wrapper function for the following functions.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	can be "object" or "array"
 	 * @return	mixed	either a result object or array
 	 */
-	function result($type = 'object')
+	public function result($type = 'object')
 	{
-		if ($type == 'array') return $this->result_array();
-		else if ($type == 'object') return $this->result_object();
+		if ($type === 'array') return $this->result_array();
+		elseif ($type === 'object') return $this->result_object();
 		else return $this->custom_result_object($type);
 	}
 
@@ -57,10 +65,10 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Custom query result.
 	 *
-	 * @param class_name A string that represents the type of object you want back
-	 * @return array of objects
+	 * @param	string	A string that represents the type of object you want back
+	 * @return	array	of objects
 	 */
-	function custom_result_object($class_name)
+	public function custom_result_object($class_name)
 	{
 		if (array_key_exists($class_name, $this->custom_result_object))
 		{
@@ -79,12 +87,11 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 		while ($row = $this->_fetch_object())
 		{
 			$object = new $class_name();
-			
 			foreach ($row as $key => $value)
 			{
 				$object->$key = $value;
 			}
-			
+
 			$result_object[] = $object;
 		}
 
@@ -97,10 +104,9 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Query result.  "object" version.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function result_object()
+	public function result_object()
 	{
 		if (count($this->result_object) > 0)
 		{
@@ -129,10 +135,9 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Query result.  "array" version.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function result_array()
+	public function result_array()
 	{
 		if (count($this->result_array) > 0)
 		{
@@ -161,12 +166,11 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Query result.  Acts as a wrapper function for the following functions.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string	can be "object" or "array"
 	 * @return	mixed	either a result object or array
 	 */
-	function row($n = 0, $type = 'object')
+	public function row($n = 0, $type = 'object')
 	{
 		if ( ! is_numeric($n))
 		{
@@ -185,8 +189,8 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 			$n = 0;
 		}
 
-		if ($type == 'object') return $this->row_object($n);
-		else if ($type == 'array') return $this->row_array($n);
+		if ($type === 'object') return $this->row_object($n);
+		elseif ($type === 'array') return $this->row_array($n);
 		else return $this->custom_row_object($n, $type);
 	}
 
@@ -195,10 +199,9 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Assigns an item into a particular column slot
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_row($key, $value = NULL)
+	public function set_row($key, $value = NULL)
 	{
 		// We cache the row data for subsequent uses
 		if ( ! is_array($this->row_data))
@@ -212,7 +215,6 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 			{
 				$this->row_data[$k] = $v;
 			}
-
 			return;
 		}
 
@@ -227,14 +229,12 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Returns a single result row - custom object version
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function custom_row_object($n, $type)
+	public function custom_row_object($n, $type)
 	{
 		$result = $this->custom_result_object($type);
-
-		if (count($result) == 0)
+		if (count($result) === 0)
 		{
 			return $result;
 		}
@@ -250,14 +250,12 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Returns a single result row - object version
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function row_object($n = 0)
+	public function row_object($n = 0)
 	{
 		$result = $this->result_object();
-
-		if (count($result) == 0)
+		if (count($result) === 0)
 		{
 			return $result;
 		}
@@ -275,14 +273,12 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Returns a single result row - array version
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function row_array($n = 0)
+	public function row_array($n = 0)
 	{
 		$result = $this->result_array();
-
-		if (count($result) == 0)
+		if (count($result) === 0)
 		{
 			return $result;
 		}
@@ -301,18 +297,12 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Returns the "first" row
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function first_row($type = 'object')
+	public function first_row($type = 'object')
 	{
 		$result = $this->result($type);
-
-		if (count($result) == 0)
-		{
-			return $result;
-		}
-		return $result[0];
+		return (count($result) === 0) ? $result : $result[0];
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -320,18 +310,12 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Returns the "last" row
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function last_row($type = 'object')
+	public function last_row($type = 'object')
 	{
 		$result = $this->result($type);
-
-		if (count($result) == 0)
-		{
-			return $result;
-		}
-		return $result[count($result) -1];
+		return (count($result) === 0) ? $result : $result[count($result) - 1];
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -339,14 +323,12 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Returns the "next" row
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function next_row($type = 'object')
+	public function next_row($type = 'object')
 	{
 		$result = $this->result($type);
-
-		if (count($result) == 0)
+		if (count($result) === 0)
 		{
 			return $result;
 		}
@@ -364,14 +346,12 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Returns the "previous" row
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function previous_row($type = 'object')
+	public function previous_row($type = 'object')
 	{
 		$result = $this->result($type);
-
-		if (count($result) == 0)
+		if (count($result) === 0)
 		{
 			return $result;
 		}
@@ -394,17 +374,16 @@ class CI_DB_result {
 	 * operational due to the unavailability of the database resource IDs with
 	 * cached results.
 	 */
-	function num_rows() { return $this->num_rows; }
-	function num_fields() { return 0; }
-	function list_fields() { return array(); }
-	function field_data() { return array(); }
-	function free_result() { return TRUE; }
-	function _data_seek() { return TRUE; }
-	function _fetch_assoc() { return array(); }
-	function _fetch_object() { return array(); }
+	public function num_rows() { return $this->num_rows; }
+	public function num_fields() { return 0; }
+	public function list_fields() { return array(); }
+	public function field_data() { return array(); }
+	public function free_result() { return TRUE; }
+	protected function _data_seek() { return TRUE; }
+	protected function _fetch_assoc() { return array(); }
+	protected function _fetch_object() { return array(); }
 
 }
-// END DB_result class
 
 /* End of file DB_result.php */
 /* Location: ./system/database/DB_result.php */
diff --git a/system/database/DB_utility.php b/system/database/DB_utility.php
index 52196b7ce..4c881d8a1 100644
--- a/system/database/DB_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_utility.php
@@ -1,45 +1,48 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
- * Code Igniter
+ * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Database Utility Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 
-	var $db;
-	var $data_cache		= array();
+	public $db;
+	public $data_cache		= array();
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 *
-	 * Grabs the CI super object instance so we can access it.
-	 *
-	 */
-	function __construct()
+	public function __construct()
 	{
 		// Assign the main database object to $this->db
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 		$this->db =& $CI->db;
-
-		log_message('debug', "Database Utility Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Database Utility Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -47,10 +50,9 @@ class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * List databases
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function list_databases()
+	public function list_databases()
 	{
 		// Is there a cached result?
 		if (isset($this->data_cache['db_names']))
@@ -68,8 +70,7 @@ class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 			}
 		}
 
-		$this->data_cache['db_names'] = $dbs;
-		return $this->data_cache['db_names'];
+		return $this->data_cache['db_names'] = $dbs;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -77,11 +78,10 @@ class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Determine if a particular database exists
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	boolean
 	 */
-	function database_exists($database_name)
+	public function database_exists($database_name)
 	{
 		// Some databases won't have access to the list_databases() function, so
 		// this is intended to allow them to override with their own functions as
@@ -102,17 +102,17 @@ class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Optimize Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function optimize_table($table_name)
+	public function optimize_table($table_name)
 	{
 		$sql = $this->_optimize_table($table_name);
 
 		if (is_bool($sql))
 		{
-				show_error('db_must_use_set');
+			show_error('db_must_use_set');
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		$query = $this->db->query($sql);
@@ -128,10 +128,9 @@ class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Optimize Database
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function optimize_database()
+	public function optimize_database()
 	{
 		$result = array();
 		foreach ($this->db->list_tables() as $table_name)
@@ -165,11 +164,10 @@ class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Repair Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function repair_table($table_name)
+	public function repair_table($table_name)
 	{
 		$sql = $this->_repair_table($table_name);
 
@@ -191,14 +189,13 @@ class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Generate CSV from a query result object
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	object	The query result object
 	 * @param	string	The delimiter - comma by default
 	 * @param	string	The newline character - \n by default
 	 * @param	string	The enclosure - double quote by default
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function csv_from_result($query, $delim = ",", $newline = "\n", $enclosure = '"')
+	public function csv_from_result($query, $delim = ',', $newline = "\n", $enclosure = '"')
 	{
 		if ( ! is_object($query) OR ! method_exists($query, 'list_fields'))
 		{
@@ -206,15 +203,13 @@ class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 		}
 
 		$out = '';
-
 		// First generate the headings from the table column names
 		foreach ($query->list_fields() as $name)
 		{
 			$out .= $enclosure.str_replace($enclosure, $enclosure.$enclosure, $name).$enclosure.$delim;
 		}
 
-		$out = rtrim($out);
-		$out .= $newline;
+		$out = rtrim($out).$newline;
 
 		// Next blast through the result array and build out the rows
 		foreach ($query->result_array() as $row)
@@ -223,8 +218,7 @@ class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 			{
 				$out .= $enclosure.str_replace($enclosure, $enclosure.$enclosure, $item).$enclosure.$delim;
 			}
-			$out = rtrim($out);
-			$out .= $newline;
+			$out = rtrim($out).$newline;
 		}
 
 		return $out;
@@ -235,12 +229,11 @@ class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Generate XML data from a query result object
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	object	The query result object
 	 * @param	array	Any preferences
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function xml_from_result($query, $params = array())
+	public function xml_from_result($query, $params = array())
 	{
 		if ( ! is_object($query) OR ! method_exists($query, 'list_fields'))
 		{
@@ -268,16 +261,14 @@ class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 		foreach ($query->result_array() as $row)
 		{
 			$xml .= $tab."<{$element}>".$newline;
-
 			foreach ($row as $key => $val)
 			{
 				$xml .= $tab.$tab."<{$key}>".xml_convert($val)."</{$key}>".$newline;
 			}
 			$xml .= $tab."</{$element}>".$newline;
 		}
-		$xml .= "</$root>".$newline;
 
-		return $xml;
+		return $xml .= "</$root>".$newline;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -285,10 +276,9 @@ class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Database Backup
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function backup($params = array())
+	public function backup($params = array())
 	{
 		// If the parameters have not been submitted as an
 		// array then we know that it is simply the table
@@ -302,14 +292,14 @@ class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 
 		// Set up our default preferences
 		$prefs = array(
-							'tables'		=> array(),
-							'ignore'		=> array(),
-							'filename'		=> '',
-							'format'		=> 'gzip', // gzip, zip, txt
-							'add_drop'		=> TRUE,
-							'add_insert'	=> TRUE,
-							'newline'		=> "\n"
-						);
+				'tables'		=> array(),
+				'ignore'		=> array(),
+				'filename'		=> '',
+				'format'		=> 'gzip', // gzip, zip, txt
+				'add_drop'		=> TRUE,
+				'add_insert'		=> TRUE,
+				'newline'		=> "\n"
+			);
 
 		// Did the user submit any preferences? If so set them....
 		if (count($params) > 0)
@@ -323,29 +313,23 @@ class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 			}
 		}
 
-		// ------------------------------------------------------
-
 		// Are we backing up a complete database or individual tables?
 		// If no table names were submitted we'll fetch the entire table list
-		if (count($prefs['tables']) == 0)
+		if (count($prefs['tables']) === 0)
 		{
 			$prefs['tables'] = $this->db->list_tables();
 		}
 
-		// ------------------------------------------------------
-
 		// Validate the format
 		if ( ! in_array($prefs['format'], array('gzip', 'zip', 'txt'), TRUE))
 		{
 			$prefs['format'] = 'txt';
 		}
 
-		// ------------------------------------------------------
-
-		// Is the encoder supported?  If not, we'll either issue an
+		// Is the encoder supported? If not, we'll either issue an
 		// error or use plain text depending on the debug settings
-		if (($prefs['format'] == 'gzip' AND ! @function_exists('gzencode'))
-		OR ($prefs['format'] == 'zip'  AND ! @function_exists('gzcompress')))
+		if (($prefs['format'] === 'gzip' AND ! @function_exists('gzencode'))
+			OR ($prefs['format'] === 'zip'  AND ! @function_exists('gzcompress')))
 		{
 			if ($this->db->db_debug)
 			{
@@ -355,60 +339,49 @@ class CI_DB_utility extends CI_DB_forge {
 			$prefs['format'] = 'txt';
 		}
 
-		// ------------------------------------------------------
-
-		// Set the filename if not provided - Only needed with Zip files
-		if ($prefs['filename'] == '' AND $prefs['format'] == 'zip')
-		{
-			$prefs['filename'] = (count($prefs['tables']) == 1) ? $prefs['tables'] : $this->db->database;
-			$prefs['filename'] .= '_'.date('Y-m-d_H-i', time());
-		}
-
-		// ------------------------------------------------------
-
-		// Was a Gzip file requested?
-		if ($prefs['format'] == 'gzip')
-		{
-			return gzencode($this->_backup($prefs));
-		}
-
-		// ------------------------------------------------------
-
-		// Was a text file requested?
-		if ($prefs['format'] == 'txt')
-		{
-			return $this->_backup($prefs);
-		}
-
-		// ------------------------------------------------------
-
 		// Was a Zip file requested?
-		if ($prefs['format'] == 'zip')
+		if ($prefs['format'] === 'zip')
 		{
-			// If they included the .zip file extension we'll remove it
-			if (preg_match("|.+?\.zip$|", $prefs['filename']))
+			// Set the filename if not provided (only needed with Zip files)
+			if ($prefs['filename'] == '')
 			{
-				$prefs['filename'] = str_replace('.zip', '', $prefs['filename']);
+				$prefs['filename'] = (count($prefs['tables']) === 1 ? $prefs['tables'] : $this->db->database)
+							.date('Y-m-d_H-i', time()).'.sql';
 			}
-
-			// Tack on the ".sql" file extension if needed
-			if ( ! preg_match("|.+?\.sql$|", $prefs['filename']))
+			else
 			{
-				$prefs['filename'] .= '.sql';
+				// If they included the .zip file extension we'll remove it
+				if (preg_match('|.+?\.zip$|', $prefs['filename']))
+				{
+					$prefs['filename'] = str_replace('.zip', '', $prefs['filename']);
+				}
+
+				// Tack on the ".sql" file extension if needed
+				if ( ! preg_match('|.+?\.sql$|', $prefs['filename']))
+				{
+					$prefs['filename'] .= '.sql';
+				}
 			}
 
 			// Load the Zip class and output it
-
 			$CI =& get_instance();
 			$CI->load->library('zip');
 			$CI->zip->add_data($prefs['filename'], $this->_backup($prefs));
 			return $CI->zip->get_zip();
 		}
+		elseif ($prefs['format'] == 'txt') // Was a text file requested?
+		{
+			return $this->_backup($prefs);
+		}
+		elseif ($prefs['format'] === 'gzip') // Was a Gzip file requested?
+		{
+			return gzencode($this->_backup($prefs));
+		}
 
+		return;
 	}
 
 }
 
-
 /* End of file DB_utility.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB_utility.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB_utility.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
index d01140412..cde719eae 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_driver.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		Esen Sagynov
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 2.0.2
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
index bab03f748..85e740057 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_forge.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		Esen Sagynov
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php
index 6f0c2b5f7..4c0fede10 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_result.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		Esen Sagynov
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 2.0.2
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php
index cd16d1e18..750c0d8dd 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/cubrid/cubrid_utility.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		Esen Sagynov
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
index b39bd9360..2a1098932 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_driver.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -25,7 +37,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mssql_driver extends CI_DB {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php
index 70b20ecf8..dd8aa3448 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_forge.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -19,7 +31,7 @@
  * MS SQL Forge Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mssql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php
index 2897ca5a5..bba2e6243 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_result.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * This class extends the parent result class: CI_DB_result
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mssql_result extends CI_DB_result {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php
index 48ecbc72a..be6ed5bb0 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mssql/mssql_utility.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -19,7 +31,7 @@
  * MS SQL Utility Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mssql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
index dc020c624..067710ff0 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php
@@ -1,20 +1,30 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * MySQL Database Adapter Class
  *
@@ -25,51 +35,52 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 
-	var $dbdriver = 'mysql';
+	public $dbdriver = 'mysql';
 
 	// The character used for escaping
-	var	$_escape_char = '`';
+	protected $_escape_char = '`';
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences - not used in MySQL
-	var $_like_escape_str = '';
-	var $_like_escape_chr = '';
-
-	/**
-	 * Whether to use the MySQL "delete hack" which allows the number
-	 * of affected rows to be shown. Uses a preg_replace when enabled,
-	 * adding a bit more processing to all queries.
-	 */
-	var $delete_hack = TRUE;
+	protected $_like_escape_str = '';
+	protected $_like_escape_chr = '';
 
 	/**
 	 * The syntax to count rows is slightly different across different
 	 * database engines, so this string appears in each driver and is
 	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() functions.
 	 */
-	var $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
-	var $_random_keyword = ' RAND()'; // database specific random keyword
-
-	// whether SET NAMES must be used to set the character set
-	var $use_set_names;
+	protected $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
+	protected $_random_keyword = ' RAND()'; // database specific random keyword
 
 	/**
-	 * Non-persistent database connection
-	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * Whether to use the MySQL "delete hack" which allows the number
+	 * of affected rows to be shown. Uses a preg_replace when enabled,
+	 * adding a bit more processing to all queries.
 	 */
-	function db_connect()
+	public $delete_hack = TRUE;
+
+	public function __construct($params)
 	{
+		parent::__construct($params);
+
 		if ($this->port != '')
 		{
 			$this->hostname .= ':'.$this->port;
 		}
+	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Non-persistent database connection
+	 *
+	 * @return	resource
+	 */
+	public function db_connect()
+	{
 		return @mysql_connect($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, TRUE);
 	}
 
@@ -78,16 +89,10 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_pconnect()
+	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
-		if ($this->port != '')
-		{
-			$this->hostname .= ':'.$this->port;
-		}
-
 		return @mysql_pconnect($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password);
 	}
 
@@ -99,10 +104,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
 	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function reconnect()
+	public function reconnect()
 	{
 		if (mysql_ping($this->conn_id) === FALSE)
 		{
@@ -115,10 +119,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Select the database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function db_select()
+	public function db_select()
 	{
 		return @mysql_select_db($this->database, $this->conn_id);
 	}
@@ -128,12 +131,11 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Set client character set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function db_set_charset($charset, $collation)
+	public function db_set_charset($charset, $collation)
 	{
 		return function_exists('mysql_set_charset')
 			? @mysql_set_charset($charset, $this->conn_id)
@@ -145,12 +147,11 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Version number query string
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _version()
+	protected function _version()
 	{
-		return "SELECT version() AS ver";
+		return 'SELECT version() AS ver';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -158,14 +159,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Execute the query
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _execute($sql)
+	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
-		$sql = $this->_prep_query($sql);
-		return @mysql_query($sql, $this->conn_id);
+		return @mysql_query($this->_prep_query($sql), $this->conn_id);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -175,20 +174,16 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * If needed, each database adapter can prep the query string
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by execute()
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _prep_query($sql)
+	protected function _prep_query($sql)
 	{
-		// "DELETE FROM TABLE" returns 0 affected rows This hack modifies
-		// the query so that it returns the number of affected rows
-		if ($this->delete_hack === TRUE)
+		// mysql_affected_rows() returns 0 for "DELETE FROM TABLE" queries. This hack
+		// modifies the query so that it a proper number of affected rows is returned.
+		if ($this->delete_hack === TRUE && preg_match('/^\s*DELETE\s+FROM\s+(\S+)\s*$/i', $sql))
 		{
-			if (preg_match('/^\s*DELETE\s+FROM\s+(\S+)\s*$/i', $sql))
-			{
-				$sql = preg_replace("/^\s*DELETE\s+FROM\s+(\S+)\s*$/", "DELETE FROM \\1 WHERE 1=1", $sql);
-			}
+			return preg_replace('/^\s*DELETE\s+FROM\s+(\S+)\s*$/', 'DELETE FROM \\1 WHERE 1=1', $sql);
 		}
 
 		return $sql;
@@ -199,18 +194,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Begin Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
+	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -218,7 +207,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 		// Reset the transaction failure flag.
 		// If the $test_mode flag is set to TRUE transactions will be rolled back
 		// even if the queries produce a successful result.
-		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE);
 
 		$this->simple_query('SET AUTOCOMMIT=0');
 		$this->simple_query('START TRANSACTION'); // can also be BEGIN or BEGIN WORK
@@ -230,18 +219,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Commit Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_commit()
+	public function trans_commit()
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -256,18 +239,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Rollback Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_rollback()
+	public function trans_rollback()
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -282,12 +259,11 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Escape String
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	bool	whether or not the string will be used in a LIKE condition
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
+	public function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (is_array($str))
 		{
@@ -299,7 +275,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	   		return $str;
 	   	}
 
-		if (function_exists('mysql_real_escape_string') AND is_resource($this->conn_id))
+		if (function_exists('mysql_real_escape_string') && is_resource($this->conn_id))
 		{
 			$str = mysql_real_escape_string($str, $this->conn_id);
 		}
@@ -315,7 +291,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 		// escape LIKE condition wildcards
 		if ($like === TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = str_replace(array('%', '_'), array('\\%', '\\_'), $str);
+			return str_replace(array('%', '_'), array('\\%', '\\_'), $str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -326,10 +302,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Affected Rows
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function affected_rows()
+	public function affected_rows()
 	{
 		return @mysql_affected_rows($this->conn_id);
 	}
@@ -339,10 +314,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Insert ID
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function insert_id()
+	public function insert_id()
 	{
 		return @mysql_insert_id($this->conn_id);
 	}
@@ -355,27 +329,25 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
 	 * the specified database
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function count_all($table = '')
+	public function count_all($table = '')
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string . $this->_protect_identifiers('numrows') . " FROM " . $this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
-
+		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string.$this->protect_identifiers('numrows').' FROM '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
 		if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
 		{
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		$row = $query->row();
+		$query = $query->row();
 		$this->_reset_select();
-		return (int) $row->numrows;
+		return (int) $query->numrows;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -385,17 +357,16 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @param	boolean
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
-		$sql = "SHOW TABLES FROM ".$this->_escape_char.$this->database.$this->_escape_char;
+		$sql = 'SHOW TABLES FROM '.$this->_escape_char.$this->database.$this->_escape_char;
 
-		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE AND $this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix != '')
 		{
-			$sql .= " LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%'";
+			return $sql." LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%'";
 		}
 
 		return $sql;
@@ -408,13 +379,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the column names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_columns($table = '')
+	public function _list_columns($table = '')
 	{
-		return "SHOW COLUMNS FROM ".$this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
+		return 'SHOW COLUMNS FROM '.$this->protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -424,13 +394,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that the column data can be retrieved
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _field_data($table)
+	public function _field_data($table)
 	{
-		return "DESCRIBE ".$table;
+		return 'DESCRIBE '.$table;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -438,10 +407,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * The error message string
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _error_message()
+	protected function _error_message()
 	{
 		return mysql_error($this->conn_id);
 	}
@@ -451,10 +419,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * The error message number
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function _error_number()
+	protected function _error_number()
 	{
 		return mysql_errno($this->conn_id);
 	}
@@ -466,11 +433,10 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * This function escapes column and table names
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _escape_identifiers($item)
+	public function _escape_identifiers($item)
 	{
 		if ($this->_escape_char == '')
 		{
@@ -481,24 +447,20 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 		{
 			if (strpos($item, '.'.$id) !== FALSE)
 			{
-				$str = $this->_escape_char. str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.', $item);
+				$item = str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.', $item);
 
 				// remove duplicates if the user already included the escape
-				return preg_replace('/['.$this->_escape_char.']+/', $this->_escape_char, $str);
+				return preg_replace('/['.$this->_escape_char.']+/', $this->_escape_char, $this->_escape_char.$item);
 			}
 		}
 
 		if (strpos($item, '.') !== FALSE)
 		{
-			$str = $this->_escape_char.str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.'.$this->_escape_char, $item).$this->_escape_char;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$str = $this->_escape_char.$item.$this->_escape_char;
+			$item = str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.'.$this->_escape_char, $item);
 		}
 
 		// remove duplicates if the user already included the escape
-		return preg_replace('/['.$this->_escape_char.']+/', $this->_escape_char, $str);
+		return preg_replace('/['.$this->_escape_char.']+/', $this->_escape_char, $this->_escape_char.$item.$this->_escape_char);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -509,11 +471,10 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * This function implicitly groups FROM tables so there is no confusion
 	 * about operator precedence in harmony with SQL standards
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	type
-	 * @return	type
+	 * @param	string	table name
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _from_tables($tables)
+	protected function _from_tables($tables)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($tables))
 		{
@@ -530,15 +491,14 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the insert keys
 	 * @param	array	the insert values
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
-		return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES (".implode(', ', $values).")";
+		return 'INSERT INTO '.$table.' ('.implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES ('.implode(', ', $values).')';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -549,15 +509,14 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific replace string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the insert keys
 	 * @param	array	the insert values
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _replace($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _replace($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
-		return "REPLACE INTO ".$table." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES (".implode(', ', $values).")";
+		return 'REPLACE INTO '.$table.' ('.implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES ('.implode(', ', $values).')';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -567,15 +526,14 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the insert keys
 	 * @param	array	the insert values
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
-		return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES ".implode(', ', $values);
+		return 'INSERT INTO '.$table.' ('.implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES '.implode(', ', $values);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -586,7 +544,6 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
@@ -594,24 +551,22 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @param	array	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE, $like = array())
 	{
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
-			$valstr[] = $key . ' = ' . $val;
+			$valstr[] = $key.' = '.$val;
 		}
 
-		$limit = ( ! $limit) ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit;
-
-		$orderby = (count($orderby) >= 1)?' ORDER BY '.implode(", ", $orderby):'';
-
-		$sql = "UPDATE ".$table." SET ".implode(', ', $valstr);
-
-		$sql .= ($where != '' AND count($where) >=1) ? " WHERE ".implode(" ", $where) : '';
-
-		$sql .= $orderby.$limit;
+		$where = ($where != '' && count($where) > 0) ? ' WHERE '.implode(' ', $where) : '';
+		if (count($like) > 0)
+		{
+			$where .= ($where == '' ? ' WHERE ' : ' AND ').implode(' ', $like);
+		}
 
-		return $sql;
+		return 'UPDATE '.$table.' SET '.implode(', ', $valstr).$where
+			.(count($orderby) > 0 ? ' ORDER BY '.implode(', ', $orderby) : '')
+			.( ! $limit ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -622,17 +577,14 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific batch update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update_batch($table, $values, $index, $where = NULL)
+	protected function _update_batch($table, $values, $index, $where = NULL)
 	{
 		$ids = array();
-		$where = ($where != '' AND count($where) >=1) ? implode(" ", $where).' AND ' : '';
-
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
 			$ids[] = $val[$index];
@@ -646,30 +598,21 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 			}
 		}
 
-		$sql = "UPDATE ".$table." SET ";
 		$cases = '';
-
 		foreach ($final as $k => $v)
 		{
-			$cases .= $k.' = CASE '."\n";
-			foreach ($v as $row)
-			{
-				$cases .= $row."\n";
-			}
-
-			$cases .= 'ELSE '.$k.' END, ';
+			$cases .= $k." = CASE \n"
+				.implode("\n", $v)."\n"
+				.'ELSE '.$k.' END, ';
 		}
 
-		$sql .= substr($cases, 0, -2);
-
-		$sql .= ' WHERE '.$where.$index.' IN ('.implode(',', $ids).')';
-
-		return $sql;
+		return 'UPDATE '.$table.' SET '.substr($cases, 0, -2)
+			.' WHERE '.(($where != '' && count($where) > 0) ? implode(' ', $where).' AND ' : '')
+			.$index.' IN('.implode(',', $ids).')';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-
 	/**
 	 * Truncate statement
 	 *
@@ -677,13 +620,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * If the database does not support the truncate() command
 	 * This function maps to "DELETE FROM table"
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _truncate($table)
+	protected function _truncate($table)
 	{
-		return "TRUNCATE ".$table;
+		return 'TRUNCATE '.$table;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -693,31 +635,27 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific delete string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @param	string	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$conditions = '';
 
 		if (count($where) > 0 OR count($like) > 0)
 		{
-			$conditions = "\nWHERE ";
-			$conditions .= implode("\n", $this->ar_where);
+			$conditions = "\nWHERE ".implode("\n", $this->ar_where);
 
 			if (count($where) > 0 && count($like) > 0)
 			{
-				$conditions .= " AND ";
+				$conditions .= ' AND ';
 			}
 			$conditions .= implode("\n", $like);
 		}
 
-		$limit = ( ! $limit) ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit;
-
-		return "DELETE FROM ".$table.$conditions.$limit;
+		return 'DELETE FROM '.$table.$conditions.( ! $limit ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -727,24 +665,14 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific LIMIT clause
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the sql query string
-	 * @param	integer	the number of rows to limit the query to
-	 * @param	integer	the offset value
+	 * @param	int	the number of rows to limit the query to
+	 * @param	int	the offset value
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
+	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
-		if ($offset == 0)
-		{
-			$offset = '';
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$offset .= ", ";
-		}
-
-		return $sql."LIMIT ".$offset.$limit;
+		return $sql.' LIMIT '.($offset == 0 ? '' : $offset.', ').$limit;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -752,17 +680,15 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close($conn_id)
 	{
 		@mysql_close($conn_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
-
 /* End of file mysql_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_driver.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php
index c1cae136c..0f251b086 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php
@@ -1,25 +1,35 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * MySQL Forge Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mysql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
@@ -27,13 +37,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Create database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _create_database($name)
+	public function _create_database($name)
 	{
-		return "CREATE DATABASE ".$name;
+		return 'CREATE DATABASE '.$name;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -41,13 +50,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Drop database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _drop_database($name)
+	public function _drop_database($name)
 	{
-		return "DROP DATABASE ".$name;
+		return 'DROP DATABASE '.$name;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -55,83 +63,57 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Process Fields
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	mixed	the fields
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _process_fields($fields)
+	private function _process_fields($fields)
 	{
 		$current_field_count = 0;
 		$sql = '';
 
-		foreach ($fields as $field=>$attributes)
+		foreach ($fields as $field => $attributes)
 		{
 			// Numeric field names aren't allowed in databases, so if the key is
 			// numeric, we know it was assigned by PHP and the developer manually
 			// entered the field information, so we'll simply add it to the list
 			if (is_numeric($field))
 			{
-				$sql .= "\n\t$attributes";
+				$sql .= "\n\t".$attributes;
 			}
 			else
 			{
 				$attributes = array_change_key_case($attributes, CASE_UPPER);
 
-				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->_protect_identifiers($field);
+				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->protect_identifiers($field)
+					.( ! empty($attributes['NAME']) ? ' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($attributes['NAME']).' ' : '');
 
-				if (array_key_exists('NAME', $attributes))
-				{
-					$sql .= ' '.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($attributes['NAME']).' ';
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('TYPE', $attributes))
+				if ( ! empty($attributes['TYPE']))
 				{
 					$sql .=  ' '.$attributes['TYPE'];
 
-					if (array_key_exists('CONSTRAINT', $attributes))
+					if ( ! empty($attributes['CONSTRAINT']))
 					{
-						switch ($attributes['TYPE'])
+						switch (strtolower($attributes['TYPE']))
 						{
 							case 'decimal':
 							case 'float':
 							case 'numeric':
 								$sql .= '('.implode(',', $attributes['CONSTRAINT']).')';
-							break;
-
+								break;
 							case 'enum':
 							case 'set':
 								$sql .= '("'.implode('","', $attributes['CONSTRAINT']).'")';
-							break;
-
+								break;
 							default:
 								$sql .= '('.$attributes['CONSTRAINT'].')';
 						}
 					}
 				}
 
-				if (array_key_exists('UNSIGNED', $attributes) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' UNSIGNED';
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('DEFAULT', $attributes))
-				{
-					$sql .= ' DEFAULT \''.$attributes['DEFAULT'].'\'';
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('NULL', $attributes) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' NULL';
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$sql .= ' NOT NULL';
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('AUTO_INCREMENT', $attributes) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' AUTO_INCREMENT';
-				}
+				$sql .= (( ! empty($attributes['UNSIGNED']) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE) ? ' UNSIGNED' : '')
+					.(isset($attributes['DEFAULT']) ? " DEFAULT '".$attributes['DEFAULT']."'" : '')
+					.(( ! empty($attributes['NULL']) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE) ? ' NULL' : ' NOT NULL')
+					.(( ! empty($attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT']) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE) ? ' AUTO_INCREMENT' : '');
 			}
 
 			// don't add a comma on the end of the last field
@@ -149,15 +131,14 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Create Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	mixed	the fields
 	 * @param	mixed	primary key(s)
 	 * @param	mixed	key(s)
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
+	 * @param	bool	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
+	public function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
 	{
 		$sql = 'CREATE TABLE ';
 
@@ -166,15 +147,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 			$sql .= 'IF NOT EXISTS ';
 		}
 
-		$sql .= $this->db->_escape_identifiers($table)." (";
-
-		$sql .= $this->_process_fields($fields);
+		$sql .= $this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' ('.$this->_process_fields($fields);
 
 		if (count($primary_keys) > 0)
 		{
 			$key_name = $this->db->_protect_identifiers(implode('_', $primary_keys));
-			$primary_keys = $this->db->_protect_identifiers($primary_keys);
-			$sql .= ",\n\tPRIMARY KEY ".$key_name." (" . implode(', ', $primary_keys) . ")";
+			$sql .= ",\n\tPRIMARY KEY ".$key_name.' ('.implode(', ', $this->db->protect_identifiers($primary_keys)).')';
 		}
 
 		if (is_array($keys) && count($keys) > 0)
@@ -192,13 +170,11 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 					$key = array($key_name);
 				}
 
-				$sql .= ",\n\tKEY {$key_name} (" . implode(', ', $key) . ")";
+				$sql .= ",\n\tKEY ".$key_name.' ('.implode(', ', $key).')';
 			}
 		}
 
-		$sql .= "\n) DEFAULT CHARACTER SET {$this->db->char_set} COLLATE {$this->db->dbcollat};";
-
-		return $sql;
+		return $sql."\n) DEFAULT CHARACTER SET ".$this->db->char_set.' COLLATE '.$this->db->dbcollat.';';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -206,12 +182,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Drop Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
+	 * @param	string	table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _drop_table($table)
+	public function _drop_table($table)
 	{
-		return "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ".$this->db->_escape_identifiers($table);
+		return 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -220,33 +196,26 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * Alter table query
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be altered
-	 * Called by add_column(), drop_column(), and column_alter(),
+	 * Called by add_column(), drop_column() and column_alter()
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the ALTER type (ADD, DROP, CHANGE)
 	 * @param	string	the column name
 	 * @param	array	fields
 	 * @param	string	the field after which we should add the new field
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $fields, $after_field = '')
+	public function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $fields, $after_field = '')
 	{
-		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($table)." $alter_type ";
+		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' ';
 
 		// DROP has everything it needs now.
-		if ($alter_type == 'DROP')
+		if ($alter_type === 'DROP')
 		{
-			return $sql.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($fields);
+			return $sql.$this->db->protect_identifiers($fields);
 		}
 
-		$sql .= $this->_process_fields($fields);
-
-		if ($after_field != '')
-		{
-			$sql .= ' AFTER ' . $this->db->_protect_identifiers($after_field);
-		}
-
-		return $sql;
+		return $sql.$this->_process_fields($fields)
+			.($after_field != '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -256,18 +225,16 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be renamed
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the old table name
 	 * @param	string	the new table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
+	public function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
 	{
-		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($table_name)." RENAME TO ".$this->db->_protect_identifiers($new_table_name);
-		return $sql;
+		return 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table_name).' RENAME TO '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($new_table_name);
 	}
 
 }
 
 /* End of file mysql_forge.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_forge.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php
index 6ceaf4b9b..8f04a936d 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php
@@ -1,27 +1,37 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * MySQL Result Class
  *
  * This class extends the parent result class: CI_DB_result
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mysql_result extends CI_DB_result {
@@ -29,10 +39,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Number of rows in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_rows()
+	public function num_rows()
 	{
 		return @mysql_num_rows($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -42,10 +51,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Number of fields in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_fields()
+	public function num_fields()
 	{
 		return @mysql_num_fields($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -57,10 +65,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of column names
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function list_fields()
+	public function list_fields()
 	{
 		$field_names = array();
 		while ($field = mysql_fetch_field($this->result_id))
@@ -78,25 +85,21 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of objects containing field meta-data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function field_data()
+	public function field_data()
 	{
 		$retval = array();
 		while ($field = mysql_fetch_object($this->result_id))
 		{
-			preg_match('/([a-zA-Z]+)(\((\d+)\))?/i', $field->Type, $matches);
-
-			$type = $matches[1];
-			$length = isset($matches[3]) ? (int) $matches[3] : NULL;
+			preg_match('/([a-zA-Z]+)(\(\d+\))?/', $field->Type, $matches);
 
-			$F				= new stdClass();
-			$F->name		= $field->Field;
-			$F->type		= $type;
-			$F->default		= $field->Default;
-			$F->max_length	= $length;
-			$F->primary_key = ( $field->Key == 'PRI' ? 1 : 0 );
+			$F		= new stdClass();
+			$F->name	= $field->Field;
+			$F->type	= ( ! empty($matches[1])) ? $matches[1] : NULL;
+			$F->default	= $field->Default;
+			$F->max_length	= ( ! empty($matches[2])) ? preg_replace('/[^\d]/', '', $matches[2]) : NULL;
+			$F->primary_key = (int) ($field->Key === 'PRI');
 
 			$retval[] = $F;
 		}
@@ -109,9 +112,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Free the result
 	 *
-	 * @return	null
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function free_result()
+	public function free_result()
 	{
 		if (is_resource($this->result_id))
 		{
@@ -125,14 +128,13 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Data Seek
 	 *
-	 * Moves the internal pointer to the desired offset.  We call
+	 * Moves the internal pointer to the desired offset. We call
 	 * this internally before fetching results to make sure the
 	 * result set starts at zero
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _data_seek($n = 0)
+	protected function _data_seek($n = 0)
 	{
 		return mysql_data_seek($this->result_id, $n);
 	}
@@ -144,10 +146,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an array
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _fetch_assoc()
+	protected function _fetch_assoc()
 	{
 		return mysql_fetch_assoc($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -159,16 +160,14 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an object
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _fetch_object()
+	protected function _fetch_object()
 	{
 		return mysql_fetch_object($this->result_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
-
 /* End of file mysql_result.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_result.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php
index 48c4d6316..952f887fe 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php
@@ -1,25 +1,35 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * MySQL Utility Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
@@ -27,12 +37,11 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	/**
 	 * List databases
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_databases()
+	public function _list_databases()
 	{
-		return "SHOW DATABASES";
+		return 'SHOW DATABASES';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -42,13 +51,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be optimized
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _optimize_table($table)
+	public function _optimize_table($table)
 	{
-		return "OPTIMIZE TABLE ".$this->db->_escape_identifiers($table);
+		return 'OPTIMIZE TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -58,26 +66,24 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be repaired
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _repair_table($table)
+	public function _repair_table($table)
 	{
-		return "REPAIR TABLE ".$this->db->_escape_identifiers($table);
+		return 'REPAIR TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 	/**
 	 * MySQL Export
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array	Preferences
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _backup($params = array())
+	public function _backup($params = array())
 	{
-		if (count($params) == 0)
+		if (count($params) === 0)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -87,16 +93,16 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 
 		// Build the output
 		$output = '';
-		foreach ((array)$tables as $table)
+		foreach ( (array) $tables as $table)
 		{
 			// Is the table in the "ignore" list?
-			if (in_array($table, (array)$ignore, TRUE))
+			if (in_array($table, (array) $ignore, TRUE))
 			{
 				continue;
 			}
 
 			// Get the table schema
-			$query = $this->db->query("SHOW CREATE TABLE `".$this->db->database.'`.`'.$table.'`');
+			$query = $this->db->query('SHOW CREATE TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($this->db->database).'.'.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table));
 
 			// No result means the table name was invalid
 			if ($query === FALSE)
@@ -109,7 +115,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 
 			if ($add_drop == TRUE)
 			{
-				$output .= 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS '.$table.';'.$newline.$newline;
+				$output .= 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).';'.$newline.$newline;
 			}
 
 			$i = 0;
@@ -129,7 +135,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 			}
 
 			// Grab all the data from the current table
-			$query = $this->db->query("SELECT * FROM $table");
+			$query = $this->db->query('SELECT * FROM '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table));
 
 			if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
 			{
@@ -137,7 +143,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 			}
 
 			// Fetch the field names and determine if the field is an
-			// integer type.  We use this info to decide whether to
+			// integer type. We use this info to decide whether to
 			// surround the data with quotes or not
 
 			$i = 0;
@@ -146,20 +152,17 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 			while ($field = mysql_fetch_field($query->result_id))
 			{
 				// Most versions of MySQL store timestamp as a string
-				$is_int[$i] = (in_array(
-										strtolower(mysql_field_type($query->result_id, $i)),
-										array('tinyint', 'smallint', 'mediumint', 'int', 'bigint'), //, 'timestamp'),
-										TRUE)
-										) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+				$is_int[$i] = in_array(strtolower(mysql_field_type($query->result_id, $i)),
+							array('tinyint', 'smallint', 'mediumint', 'int', 'bigint'), //, 'timestamp'),
+							TRUE);
 
 				// Create a string of field names
-				$field_str .= '`'.$field->name.'`, ';
+				$field_str .= $this->db->protect_identifiers($field->name).', ';
 				$i++;
 			}
 
 			// Trim off the end comma
-			$field_str = preg_replace( "/, $/" , "" , $field_str);
-
+			$field_str = preg_replace('/, $/' , '', $field_str);
 
 			// Build the insert string
 			foreach ($query->result_array() as $row)
@@ -177,14 +180,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 					else
 					{
 						// Escape the data if it's not an integer
-						if ($is_int[$i] == FALSE)
-						{
-							$val_str .= $this->db->escape($v);
-						}
-						else
-						{
-							$val_str .= $v;
-						}
+						$val_str .= ($is_int[$i] == FALSE) ? $this->db->escape($v) : $v;
 					}
 
 					// Append a comma
@@ -193,10 +189,10 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 				}
 
 				// Remove the comma at the end of the string
-				$val_str = preg_replace( "/, $/" , "" , $val_str);
+				$val_str = preg_replace('/, $/' , '', $val_str);
 
 				// Build the INSERT string
-				$output .= 'INSERT INTO '.$table.' ('.$field_str.') VALUES ('.$val_str.');'.$newline;
+				$output .= 'INSERT INTO '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table).' ('.$field_str.') VALUES ('.$val_str.');'.$newline;
 			}
 
 			$output .= $newline.$newline;
@@ -204,7 +200,8 @@ class CI_DB_mysql_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 
 		return $output;
 	}
+
 }
 
 /* End of file mysql_utility.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysql/mysql_utility.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
index abef80fbd..a79b2a4ad 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php
@@ -1,22 +1,32 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
- * MySQLi Database Adapter Class - MySQLi only works with PHP 5
+ * MySQLi Database Adapter Class
  *
  * Note: _DB is an extender class that the app controller
  * creates dynamically based on whether the active record
@@ -25,57 +35,45 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 
-	var $dbdriver = 'mysqli';
+	public $dbdriver = 'mysqli';
 
 	// The character used for escaping
-	var $_escape_char = '`';
+	protected $_escape_char = '`';
 
 	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences - not used in MySQL
-	var $_like_escape_str = '';
-	var $_like_escape_chr = '';
+	protected $_like_escape_str = '';
+	protected $_like_escape_chr = '';
 
 	/**
 	 * The syntax to count rows is slightly different across different
 	 * database engines, so this string appears in each driver and is
 	 * used for the count_all() and count_all_results() functions.
 	 */
-	var $_count_string = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS ";
-	var $_random_keyword = ' RAND()'; // database specific random keyword
+	protected $_count_string = 'SELECT COUNT(*) AS ';
+	protected $_random_keyword = ' RAND()'; // database specific random keyword
 
 	/**
 	 * Whether to use the MySQL "delete hack" which allows the number
 	 * of affected rows to be shown. Uses a preg_replace when enabled,
 	 * adding a bit more processing to all queries.
 	 */
-	var $delete_hack = TRUE;
-
-	// whether SET NAMES must be used to set the character set
-	var $use_set_names;
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+	public $delete_hack = TRUE;
 
 	/**
 	 * Non-persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function db_connect()
+	public function db_connect()
 	{
-		if ($this->port != '')
-		{
-			return @mysqli_connect($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database, $this->port);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return @mysqli_connect($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database);
-		}
-
+		return ($this->port != '')
+			? @mysqli_connect($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database, $this->port)
+			: @mysqli_connect($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -83,12 +81,19 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Persistent database connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function db_pconnect()
+	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
-		return $this->db_connect();
+		// Persistent connection support was added in PHP 5.3.0
+		if ( ! is_php('5.3'))
+		{
+			return $this->db_connect();
+		}
+
+		return ($this->port != '')
+			? @mysqli_connect('p:'.$this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database, $this->port)
+			: @mysqli_connect('p:'.$this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->database);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -99,10 +104,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
 	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function reconnect()
+	public function reconnect()
 	{
 		if (mysqli_ping($this->conn_id) === FALSE)
 		{
@@ -115,10 +119,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Select the database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function db_select()
+	public function db_select()
 	{
 		return @mysqli_select_db($this->conn_id, $this->database);
 	}
@@ -128,12 +131,11 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Set client character set
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _db_set_charset($charset, $collation)
+	protected function _db_set_charset($charset, $collation)
 	{
 		return function_exists('mysqli_set_charset')
 			? @mysqli_set_charset($this->conn_id, $charset)
@@ -145,12 +147,11 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Version number query string
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _version()
+	protected function _version()
 	{
-		return "SELECT version() AS ver";
+		return @mysqli_get_server_info($this->conn_id);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -158,15 +159,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Execute the query
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by the base class
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
-	 * @return	resource
+	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _execute($sql)
+	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
-		$sql = $this->_prep_query($sql);
-		$result = @mysqli_query($this->conn_id, $sql);
-		return $result;
+		return @mysqli_query($this->conn_id, $this->_prep_query($sql));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -176,20 +174,16 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * If needed, each database adapter can prep the query string
 	 *
-	 * @access	private called by execute()
 	 * @param	string	an SQL query
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _prep_query($sql)
+	protected function _prep_query($sql)
 	{
-		// "DELETE FROM TABLE" returns 0 affected rows This hack modifies
-		// the query so that it returns the number of affected rows
-		if ($this->delete_hack === TRUE)
+		// mysqli_affected_rows() returns 0 for "DELETE FROM TABLE" queries. This hack
+		// modifies the query so that it a proper number of affected rows is returned.
+		if ($this->delete_hack === TRUE && preg_match('/^\s*DELETE\s+FROM\s+(\S+)\s*$/i', $sql))
 		{
-			if (preg_match('/^\s*DELETE\s+FROM\s+(\S+)\s*$/i', $sql))
-			{
-				$sql = preg_replace("/^\s*DELETE\s+FROM\s+(\S+)\s*$/", "DELETE FROM \\1 WHERE 1=1", $sql);
-			}
+			return preg_replace('/^\s*DELETE\s+FROM\s+(\S+)\s*$/', 'DELETE FROM \\1 WHERE 1=1', $sql);
 		}
 
 		return $sql;
@@ -200,18 +194,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Begin Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
+	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -219,7 +207,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 		// Reset the transaction failure flag.
 		// If the $test_mode flag is set to TRUE transactions will be rolled back
 		// even if the queries produce a successful result.
-		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE);
 
 		$this->simple_query('SET AUTOCOMMIT=0');
 		$this->simple_query('START TRANSACTION'); // can also be BEGIN or BEGIN WORK
@@ -231,18 +219,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Commit Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_commit()
+	public function trans_commit()
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -257,18 +239,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Rollback Transaction
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_rollback()
+	public function trans_rollback()
 	{
-		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
 		// When transactions are nested we only begin/commit/rollback the outermost ones
-		if ($this->_trans_depth > 0)
+		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled OR $this->_trans_depth > 0)
 		{
 			return TRUE;
 		}
@@ -283,12 +259,11 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Escape String
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	bool	whether or not the string will be used in a LIKE condition
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
+	public function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (is_array($str))
 		{
@@ -300,7 +275,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 			return $str;
 		}
 
-		if (function_exists('mysqli_real_escape_string') AND is_object($this->conn_id))
+		if (function_exists('mysqli_real_escape_string') && is_object($this->conn_id))
 		{
 			$str = mysqli_real_escape_string($this->conn_id, $str);
 		}
@@ -316,7 +291,7 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 		// escape LIKE condition wildcards
 		if ($like === TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = str_replace(array('%', '_'), array('\\%', '\\_'), $str);
+			return str_replace(array('%', '_'), array('\\%', '\\_'), $str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -327,10 +302,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Affected Rows
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function affected_rows()
+	public function affected_rows()
 	{
 		return @mysqli_affected_rows($this->conn_id);
 	}
@@ -340,10 +314,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Insert ID
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function insert_id()
+	public function insert_id()
 	{
 		return @mysqli_insert_id($this->conn_id);
 	}
@@ -356,27 +329,25 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string that counts all records in
 	 * the specified database
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function count_all($table = '')
+	public function count_all($table = '')
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string . $this->_protect_identifiers('numrows') . " FROM " . $this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
-
+		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string.$this->_protect_identifiers('numrows').' FROM '.$this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
 		if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
 		{
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		$row = $query->row();
+		$query = $query->row();
 		$this->_reset_select();
-		return (int) $row->numrows;
+		return (int) $query->numrows;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -387,16 +358,16 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
 	 *
 	 * @access	private
-	 * @param	boolean
+	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
-		$sql = "SHOW TABLES FROM ".$this->_escape_char.$this->database.$this->_escape_char;
+		$sql = 'SHOW TABLES FROM '.$this->_escape_char.$this->database.$this->_escape_char;
 
-		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE AND $this->dbprefix != '')
+		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE && $this->dbprefix != '')
 		{
-			$sql .= " LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%'";
+			return $sql." LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%'";
 		}
 
 		return $sql;
@@ -409,13 +380,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the column names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_columns($table = '')
+	protected function _list_columns($table = '')
 	{
-		return "SHOW COLUMNS FROM ".$this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
+		return 'SHOW COLUMNS FROM '.$this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -425,13 +395,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that the column data can be retrieved
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _field_data($table)
+	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
-		return "DESCRIBE ".$table;
+		return 'DESCRIBE '.$table;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -439,10 +408,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * The error message string
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _error_message()
+	protected function _error_message()
 	{
 		return mysqli_error($this->conn_id);
 	}
@@ -452,10 +420,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * The error message number
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function _error_number()
+	protected function _error_number()
 	{
 		return mysqli_errno($this->conn_id);
 	}
@@ -467,11 +434,10 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * This function escapes column and table names
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _escape_identifiers($item)
+	public function _escape_identifiers($item)
 	{
 		if ($this->_escape_char == '')
 		{
@@ -482,24 +448,20 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 		{
 			if (strpos($item, '.'.$id) !== FALSE)
 			{
-				$str = $this->_escape_char. str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.', $item);
+				$item = str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.', $item);
 
 				// remove duplicates if the user already included the escape
-				return preg_replace('/['.$this->_escape_char.']+/', $this->_escape_char, $str);
+				return preg_replace('/['.$this->_escape_char.']+/', $this->_escape_char, $this->_escape_char.$item);
 			}
 		}
 
 		if (strpos($item, '.') !== FALSE)
 		{
-			$str = $this->_escape_char.str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.'.$this->_escape_char, $item).$this->_escape_char;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$str = $this->_escape_char.$item.$this->_escape_char;
+			$item = str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.'.$this->_escape_char, $item);
 		}
 
 		// remove duplicates if the user already included the escape
-		return preg_replace('/['.$this->_escape_char.']+/', $this->_escape_char, $str);
+		return preg_replace('/['.$this->_escape_char.']+/', $this->_escape_char, $this->_escape_char.$item.$this->_escape_char);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -510,11 +472,10 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * This function implicitly groups FROM tables so there is no confusion
 	 * about operator precedence in harmony with SQL standards
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	type
-	 * @return	type
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _from_tables($tables)
+	protected function _from_tables($tables)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($tables))
 		{
@@ -531,15 +492,14 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the insert keys
 	 * @param	array	the insert values
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
-		return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES (".implode(', ', $values).")";
+		return 'INSERT INTO '.$table.' ('.implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES ('.implode(', ', $values).')';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -549,15 +509,32 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the insert keys
 	 * @param	array	the insert values
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
-		return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES ".implode(', ', $values);
+		return 'INSERT INTO '.$table.' ('.implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES '.implode(', ', $values);
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Replace statement
+	 *
+	 * Generates a platform-specific replace string from the supplied data
+	 *
+	 * @param	string	the table name
+	 * @param	array	the insert keys
+	 * @param	array	the insert values
+	 * @return	string
+	 */
+	protected function _replace($table, $keys, $values)
+	{
+		return 'REPLACE INTO '.$table.' ('.implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES ('.implode(', ', $values).')';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -567,7 +544,6 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
@@ -575,24 +551,17 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @param	array	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
-			$valstr[] = $key." = ".$val;
+			$valstr[] = $key.' = '.$val;
 		}
 
-		$limit = ( ! $limit) ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit;
-
-		$orderby = (count($orderby) >= 1)?' ORDER BY '.implode(", ", $orderby):'';
-
-		$sql = "UPDATE ".$table." SET ".implode(', ', $valstr);
-
-		$sql .= ($where != '' AND count($where) >=1) ? " WHERE ".implode(" ", $where) : '';
-
-		$sql .= $orderby.$limit;
-
-		return $sql;
+		return 'UPDATE '.$table.' SET '.implode(', ', $valstr)
+			.(($where != '' && count($where) > 0) ? ' WHERE '.implode(' ', $where) : '')
+			.(count($orderby) > 0 ? ' ORDER BY '.implode(', ', $orderby) : '')
+			.( ! $limit ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -602,17 +571,14 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific batch update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update_batch($table, $values, $index, $where = NULL)
+	protected function _update_batch($table, $values, $index, $where = NULL)
 	{
 		$ids = array();
-		$where = ($where != '' AND count($where) >=1) ? implode(" ", $where).' AND ' : '';
-
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
 			$ids[] = $val[$index];
@@ -626,25 +592,19 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 			}
 		}
 
-		$sql = "UPDATE ".$table." SET ";
 		$cases = '';
-
 		foreach ($final as $k => $v)
 		{
-			$cases .= $k.' = CASE '."\n";
-			foreach ($v as $row)
-			{
-				$cases .= $row."\n";
-			}
-
-			$cases .= 'ELSE '.$k.' END, ';
+			$cases .= $k.' = CASE '."\n"
+				.implode("\n", $v)."\n"
+				.'ELSE '.$k.' END, ';
 		}
 
-		$sql .= substr($cases, 0, -2);
-
-		$sql .= ' WHERE '.$where.$index.' IN ('.implode(',', $ids).')';
+		$where = ($where != '' && count($where) > 0) ? implode(' ', $where).' AND ' : '';
 
-		return $sql;
+		return 'UPDATE '.$table.' SET '.substr($cases, 0, -2)
+			.' WHERE '.(($where != '' && count($where) > 0) ? implode(' ', $where).' AND ' : '')
+			.$index.' IN('.implode(',', $ids).')';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -656,13 +616,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * If the database does not support the truncate() command
 	 * This function maps to "DELETE FROM table"
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _truncate($table)
+	protected function _truncate($table)
 	{
-		return "TRUNCATE ".$table;
+		return 'TRUNCATE '.$table;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -672,31 +631,26 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific delete string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @param	string	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$conditions = '';
-
 		if (count($where) > 0 OR count($like) > 0)
 		{
-			$conditions = "\nWHERE ";
-			$conditions .= implode("\n", $this->ar_where);
+			$conditions = "\nWHERE ".implode("\n", $this->ar_where);
 
 			if (count($where) > 0 && count($like) > 0)
 			{
-				$conditions .= " AND ";
+				$conditions .= ' AND ';
 			}
 			$conditions .= implode("\n", $like);
 		}
 
-		$limit = ( ! $limit) ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit;
-
-		return "DELETE FROM ".$table.$conditions.$limit;
+		return 'DELETE FROM '.$table.$conditions.( ! $limit ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -706,22 +660,15 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific LIMIT clause
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the sql query string
-	 * @param	integer	the number of rows to limit the query to
-	 * @param	integer	the offset value
+	 * @param	int	the number of rows to limit the query to
+	 * @param	int	the offset value
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
+	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
-		$sql .= "LIMIT ".$limit;
-
-		if ($offset > 0)
-		{
-			$sql .= " OFFSET ".$offset;
-		}
-
-		return $sql;
+		return $sql.' LIMIT '.$limit
+			.($offset > 0 ? ' OFFSET '.$offset : '');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -729,18 +676,15 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	resource
+	 * @param	object
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close($conn_id)
 	{
 		@mysqli_close($conn_id);
 	}
 
-
 }
 
-
 /* End of file mysqli_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_driver.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php
index 260549457..7de036127 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php
@@ -1,25 +1,35 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * MySQLi Forge Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mysqli_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
@@ -27,13 +37,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Create database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _create_database($name)
+	public function _create_database($name)
 	{
-		return "CREATE DATABASE ".$name;
+		return 'CREATE DATABASE '.$name;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -41,13 +50,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Drop database
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the database name
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _drop_database($name)
+	public function _drop_database($name)
 	{
-		return "DROP DATABASE ".$name;
+		return 'DROP DATABASE '.$name;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -55,68 +63,35 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Process Fields
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	mixed	the fields
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _process_fields($fields)
+	public function _process_fields($fields)
 	{
 		$current_field_count = 0;
 		$sql = '';
 
-		foreach ($fields as $field=>$attributes)
+		foreach ($fields as $field => $attributes)
 		{
 			// Numeric field names aren't allowed in databases, so if the key is
 			// numeric, we know it was assigned by PHP and the developer manually
 			// entered the field information, so we'll simply add it to the list
 			if (is_numeric($field))
 			{
-				$sql .= "\n\t$attributes";
+				$sql .= "\n\t".$attributes;
 			}
 			else
 			{
 				$attributes = array_change_key_case($attributes, CASE_UPPER);
 
-				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->_protect_identifiers($field);
-
-				if (array_key_exists('NAME', $attributes))
-				{
-					$sql .= ' '.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($attributes['NAME']).' ';
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('TYPE', $attributes))
-				{
-					$sql .=  ' '.$attributes['TYPE'];
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('CONSTRAINT', $attributes))
-				{
-					$sql .= '('.$attributes['CONSTRAINT'].')';
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('UNSIGNED', $attributes) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' UNSIGNED';
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('DEFAULT', $attributes))
-				{
-					$sql .= ' DEFAULT \''.$attributes['DEFAULT'].'\'';
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('NULL', $attributes) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' NULL';
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$sql .= ' NOT NULL';
-				}
-
-				if (array_key_exists('AUTO_INCREMENT', $attributes) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE)
-				{
-					$sql .= ' AUTO_INCREMENT';
-				}
+				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->protect_identifiers($field)
+					.( ! empty($attributes['NAME']) ? ' '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($attributes['NAME']).' ' : '')
+					.( ! empty($attributes['TYPE']) ? ' '.$attributes['TYPE'] : '')
+					.( ! empty($attributes['CONSTRAINT']) ? '('.$attributes['CONSTRAINT'].')' : '')
+					.(( ! empty($attributes['UNSIGNED']) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE) ? ' UNSIGNED' : '')
+					.(isset($attributes['DEFAULT']) ? " DEFAULT '".$attributes['DEFAULT']."'" : '')
+					.(( ! empty($attributes['NULL']) && $attributes['NULL'] === TRUE) ? ' NULL' : ' NOT NULL')
+					.(( ! empty($attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT']) && $attributes['AUTO_INCREMENT'] === TRUE) ? ' AUTO_INCREMENT' : '');
 			}
 
 			// don't add a comma on the end of the last field
@@ -134,15 +109,14 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Create Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	mixed	the fields
 	 * @param	mixed	primary key(s)
 	 * @param	mixed	key(s)
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
+	 * @param	bool	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
+	public function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
 	{
 		$sql = 'CREATE TABLE ';
 
@@ -151,15 +125,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 			$sql .= 'IF NOT EXISTS ';
 		}
 
-		$sql .= $this->db->_escape_identifiers($table)." (";
-
-		$sql .= $this->_process_fields($fields);
+		$sql .= $this->db->_escape_identifiers($table).' ('.$this->_process_fields($fields);
 
 		if (count($primary_keys) > 0)
 		{
-			$key_name = $this->db->_protect_identifiers(implode('_', $primary_keys));
-			$primary_keys = $this->db->_protect_identifiers($primary_keys);
-			$sql .= ",\n\tPRIMARY KEY ".$key_name." (" . implode(', ', $primary_keys) . ")";
+			$key_name = $this->db->protect_identifiers(implode('_', $primary_keys));
+			$sql .= ",\n\tPRIMARY KEY ".$key_name.' ('.implode(', ', $this->db->protect_identifiers($primary_keys)).')';
 		}
 
 		if (is_array($keys) && count($keys) > 0)
@@ -168,22 +139,20 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 			{
 				if (is_array($key))
 				{
-					$key_name = $this->db->_protect_identifiers(implode('_', $key));
-					$key = $this->db->_protect_identifiers($key);
+					$key_name = $this->db->protect_identifiers(implode('_', $key));
+					$key = $this->db->protect_identifiers($key);
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					$key_name = $this->db->_protect_identifiers($key);
+					$key_name = $this->db->protect_identifiers($key);
 					$key = array($key_name);
 				}
 
-				$sql .= ",\n\tKEY {$key_name} (" . implode(', ', $key) . ")";
+				$sql .= ",\n\tKEY ".$key_name.' ('.implode(', ', $key).')';
 			}
 		}
 
-		$sql .= "\n) DEFAULT CHARACTER SET {$this->db->char_set} COLLATE {$this->db->dbcollat};";
-
-		return $sql;
+		return $sql."\n) DEFAULT CHARACTER SET ".$this->db->char_set.' COLLATE '.$this->db->dbcollat.';';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -191,12 +160,11 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	/**
 	 * Drop Table
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _drop_table($table)
+	public function _drop_table($table)
 	{
-		return "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ".$this->db->_escape_identifiers($table);
+		return 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS '.$this->db->_escape_identifiers($table);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -207,31 +175,24 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be altered
 	 * Called by add_column(), drop_column(), and column_alter(),
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the ALTER type (ADD, DROP, CHANGE)
 	 * @param	string	the column name
 	 * @param	array	fields
 	 * @param	string	the field after which we should add the new field
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $fields, $after_field = '')
+	public function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $fields, $after_field = '')
 	{
-		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($table)." $alter_type ";
+		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($table).' '.$alter_type.' ';
 
 		// DROP has everything it needs now.
-		if ($alter_type == 'DROP')
-		{
-			return $sql.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($fields);
-		}
-
-		$sql .= $this->_process_fields($fields);
-
-		if ($after_field != '')
+		if ($alter_type === 'DROP')
 		{
-			$sql .= ' AFTER ' . $this->db->_protect_identifiers($after_field);
+			return $sql.$this->db->protect_identifiers($fields);
 		}
 
-		return $sql;
+		return $sql.$this->_process_fields($fields)
+			.($after_field != '' ? ' AFTER '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($after_field) : '');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -241,18 +202,16 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be renamed
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the old table name
 	 * @param	string	the new table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
+	public function _rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
 	{
-		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($table_name)." RENAME TO ".$this->db->_protect_identifiers($new_table_name);
-		return $sql;
+		return 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($table_name).' RENAME TO '.$this->db->protect_identifiers($new_table_name);
 	}
 
 }
 
 /* End of file mysqli_forge.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_forge.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php
index bbfb8481a..0a50cccac 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php
@@ -1,27 +1,37 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * MySQLi Result Class
  *
  * This class extends the parent result class: CI_DB_result
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mysqli_result extends CI_DB_result {
@@ -29,10 +39,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Number of rows in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_rows()
+	public function num_rows()
 	{
 		return @mysqli_num_rows($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -42,10 +51,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	/**
 	 * Number of fields in the result set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	int
 	 */
-	function num_fields()
+	public function num_fields()
 	{
 		return @mysqli_num_fields($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -57,10 +65,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of column names
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function list_fields()
+	public function list_fields()
 	{
 		$field_names = array();
 		while ($field = mysqli_fetch_field($this->result_id))
@@ -78,40 +85,36 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Generates an array of objects containing field meta-data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function field_data()
+	public function field_data()
 	{
 		$retval = array();
 		while ($field = mysqli_fetch_object($this->result_id))
 		{
-			preg_match('/([a-zA-Z]+)(\((\d+)\))?/i', $field->Type, $matches);
+			preg_match('/([a-zA-Z]+)(\(\d+\))?/', $field->Type, $matches);
 
-			$type = $matches[1];
-			$length = isset($matches[3]) ? (int) $matches[3] : NULL;
-
-			$F				= new stdClass();
-			$F->name		= $field->Field;
-			$F->type		= $type;
-			$F->default		= $field->Default;
-			$F->max_length	= $length;
-			$F->primary_key = ( $field->Key == 'PRI' ? 1 : 0 );
+			$F		= new stdClass();
+			$F->name	= $field->Field;
+			$F->type	= ( ! empty($matches[1])) ? $matches[1] : NULL;
+			$F->default	= $field->Default;
+			$F->max_length	= ( ! empty($matches[2])) ? preg_replace('/[^\d]/', '', $matches[2]) : NULL;
+			$F->primary_key = (int) ($field->Key === 'PRI');
 
 			$retval[] = $F;
 		}
 
 		return $retval;
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
 	 * Free the result
 	 *
-	 * @return	null
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function free_result()
+	public function free_result()
 	{
 		if (is_object($this->result_id))
 		{
@@ -129,10 +132,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 * this internally before fetching results to make sure the
 	 * result set starts at zero
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _data_seek($n = 0)
+	protected function _data_seek($n = 0)
 	{
 		return mysqli_data_seek($this->result_id, $n);
 	}
@@ -144,10 +146,9 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an array
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _fetch_assoc()
+	protected function _fetch_assoc()
 	{
 		return mysqli_fetch_assoc($this->result_id);
 	}
@@ -159,16 +160,14 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an object
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _fetch_object()
+	protected function _fetch_object()
 	{
 		return mysqli_fetch_object($this->result_id);
 	}
 
 }
 
-
 /* End of file mysqli_result.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_result.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php
index e17889b8c..3fdc5c723 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php
@@ -1,25 +1,35 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * MySQLi Utility Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_mysqli_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
@@ -27,12 +37,11 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	/**
 	 * List databases
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_databases()
+	public function _list_databases()
 	{
-		return "SHOW DATABASES";
+		return 'SHOW DATABASES';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -42,13 +51,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be optimized
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _optimize_table($table)
+	public function _optimize_table($table)
 	{
-		return "OPTIMIZE TABLE ".$this->db->_escape_identifiers($table);
+		return 'OPTIMIZE TABLE '.$this->db->_escape_identifiers($table);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -58,13 +66,12 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query so that a table can be repaired
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @return	object
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _repair_table($table)
+	public function _repair_table($table)
 	{
-		return "REPAIR TABLE ".$this->db->_escape_identifiers($table);
+		return 'REPAIR TABLE '.$this->db->_escape_identifiers($table);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -72,11 +79,10 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 	/**
 	 * MySQLi Export
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array	Preferences
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _backup($params = array())
+	public function _backup($params = array())
 	{
 		// Currently unsupported
 		return $this->db->display_error('db_unsuported_feature');
@@ -84,4 +90,4 @@ class CI_DB_mysqli_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
 }
 
 /* End of file mysqli_utility.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/database/drivers/mysqli/mysqli_utility.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
index 1cf063ec1..c6621901b 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_driver.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright   Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright   Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -25,7 +37,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage  Drivers
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 
@@ -35,8 +47,6 @@
  * This is a modification of the DB_driver class to
  * permit access to oracle databases
  *
- * NOTE: this uses the PHP 4 oci methods
- *
  * @author	  Kelly McArdle
  *
  */
@@ -77,9 +87,9 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @access  private called by the base class
 	 * @return  resource
 	 */
-	function db_connect()
+	public function db_connect()
 	{
-		return @ocilogon($this->username, $this->password, $this->hostname, $this->char_set);
+		return @oci_connect($this->username, $this->password, $this->hostname, $this->char_set);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -90,9 +100,9 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @access  private called by the base class
 	 * @return  resource
 	 */
-	function db_pconnect()
+	public function db_pconnect()
 	{
-		return @ociplogon($this->username, $this->password, $this->hostname, $this->char_set);
+		return @oci_pconnect($this->username, $this->password, $this->hostname, $this->char_set);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -106,9 +116,10 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function reconnect()
+	public function reconnect()
 	{
 		// not implemented in oracle
+		return;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -119,8 +130,9 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @access  private called by the base class
 	 * @return  resource
 	 */
-	function db_select()
+	public function db_select()
 	{
+		// Not in Oracle - schemas are actually usernames
 		return TRUE;
 	}
 
@@ -134,7 +146,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function db_set_charset($charset, $collation)
+	public function db_set_charset($charset, $collation)
 	{
 		// this is done upon connect
 		return TRUE;
@@ -145,12 +157,12 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Version number query string
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
+	 * @access  protected
 	 * @return  string
 	 */
-	function _version()
+	protected function _version()
 	{
-		return ociserverversion($this->conn_id);
+		return oci_server_version($this->conn_id);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -158,18 +170,18 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Execute the query
 	 *
-	 * @access  private called by the base class
+	 * @access  protected  called by the base class
 	 * @param   string  an SQL query
 	 * @return  resource
 	 */
-	function _execute($sql)
+	protected function _execute($sql)
 	{
 		// oracle must parse the query before it is run. All of the actions with
 		// the query are based on the statement id returned by ociparse
 		$this->stmt_id = FALSE;
 		$this->_set_stmt_id($sql);
-		ocisetprefetch($this->stmt_id, 1000);
-		return @ociexecute($this->stmt_id, $this->_commit);
+		oci_set_prefetch($this->stmt_id, 1000);
+		return @oci_execute($this->stmt_id, $this->_commit);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -179,11 +191,11 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @param   string  an SQL query
 	 * @return  none
 	 */
-	function _set_stmt_id($sql)
+	private function _set_stmt_id($sql)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_resource($this->stmt_id))
 		{
-			$this->stmt_id = ociparse($this->conn_id, $this->_prep_query($sql));
+			$this->stmt_id = oci_parse($this->conn_id, $this->_prep_query($sql));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -198,7 +210,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @param   string  an SQL query
 	 * @return  string
 	 */
-	function _prep_query($sql)
+	private function _prep_query($sql)
 	{
 		return $sql;
 	}
@@ -211,9 +223,9 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @access  public
 	 * @return  cursor id
 	 */
-	function get_cursor()
+	public function get_cursor()
 	{
-		$this->curs_id = ocinewcursor($this->conn_id);
+		$this->curs_id = oci_new_cursor($this->conn_id);
 		return $this->curs_id;
 	}
 
@@ -237,7 +249,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * type		yes		the type of the parameter
 	 * length	yes		the max size of the parameter
 	 */
-	function stored_procedure($package, $procedure, $params)
+	public function stored_procedure($package, $procedure, $params)
 	{
 		if ($package == '' OR $procedure == '' OR ! is_array($params))
 		{
@@ -257,7 +269,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 		{
 			$sql .= $param['name'] . ",";
 
-			if (array_key_exists('type', $param) && ($param['type'] == OCI_B_CURSOR))
+			if (array_key_exists('type', $param) && ($param['type'] === OCI_B_CURSOR))
 			{
 				$have_cursor = TRUE;
 			}
@@ -278,7 +290,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @access  private
 	 * @return  none
 	 */
-	function _bind_params($params)
+	private function _bind_params($params)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($params) OR ! is_resource($this->stmt_id))
 		{
@@ -295,7 +307,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 				}
 			}
 
-			ocibindbyname($this->stmt_id, $param['name'], $param['value'], $param['length'], $param['type']);
+			oci_bind_by_name($this->stmt_id, $param['name'], $param['value'], $param['length'], $param['type']);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -307,7 +319,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
+	public function trans_begin($test_mode = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -337,7 +349,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_commit()
+	public function trans_commit()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -350,7 +362,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 			return TRUE;
 		}
 
-		$ret = OCIcommit($this->conn_id);
+		$ret = oci_commit($this->conn_id);
 		$this->_commit = OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS;
 		return $ret;
 	}
@@ -363,7 +375,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function trans_rollback()
+	public function trans_rollback()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->trans_enabled)
 		{
@@ -376,7 +388,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 			return TRUE;
 		}
 
-		$ret = OCIrollback($this->conn_id);
+		$ret = oci_rollback($this->conn_id);
 		$this->_commit = OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS;
 		return $ret;
 	}
@@ -391,7 +403,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @param	bool	whether or not the string will be used in a LIKE condition
 	 * @return  string
 	 */
-	function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
+	public function escape_str($str, $like = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (is_array($str))
 		{
@@ -425,9 +437,9 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @access  public
 	 * @return  integer
 	 */
-	function affected_rows()
+	public function affected_rows()
 	{
-		return @ocirowcount($this->stmt_id);
+		return @oci_num_rows($this->stmt_id);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -438,7 +450,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @access  public
 	 * @return  integer
 	 */
-	function insert_id()
+	public function insert_id()
 	{
 		// not supported in oracle
 		return $this->display_error('db_unsupported_function');
@@ -456,7 +468,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @param   string
 	 * @return  string
 	 */
-	function count_all($table = '')
+	public function count_all($table = '')
 	{
 		if ($table == '')
 		{
@@ -482,11 +494,11 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access  private
+	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	boolean
-	 * @return  string
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$sql = "SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM ALL_TABLES";
 
@@ -505,11 +517,11 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the column names can be fetched
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
+	 * @access  protected
 	 * @param   string  the table name
 	 * @return  string
 	 */
-	function _list_columns($table = '')
+	protected function _list_columns($table = '')
 	{
 		return "SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM all_tab_columns WHERE table_name = '$table'";
 	}
@@ -525,7 +537,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @param   string  the table name
 	 * @return  object
 	 */
-	function _field_data($table)
+	protected function _field_data($table)
 	{
 		return "SELECT * FROM ".$table." where rownum = 1";
 	}
@@ -535,12 +547,13 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * The error message string
 	 *
-	 * @access  private
+	 * @access  protected
 	 * @return  string
 	 */
-	function _error_message()
+	protected function _error_message()
 	{
-		$error = ocierror($this->conn_id);
+		// If the error was during connection, no conn_id should be passed
+		$error = is_resource($this->conn_id) ? oci_error($this->conn_id) : oci_error();
 		return $error['message'];
 	}
 
@@ -549,12 +562,13 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * The error message number
 	 *
-	 * @access  private
+	 * @access  protected
 	 * @return  integer
 	 */
-	function _error_number()
+	protected function _error_number()
 	{
-		$error = ocierror($this->conn_id);
+		// Same as _error_message()
+		$error = is_resource($this->conn_id) ? oci_error($this->conn_id) : oci_error();
 		return $error['code'];
 	}
 
@@ -565,11 +579,11 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * This function escapes column and table names
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
+	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _escape_identifiers($item)
+	protected function _escape_identifiers($item)
 	{
 		if ($this->_escape_char == '')
 		{
@@ -608,11 +622,11 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * This function implicitly groups FROM tables so there is no confusion
 	 * about operator precedence in harmony with SQL standards
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
+	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	type
 	 * @return	type
 	 */
-	function _from_tables($tables)
+	protected function _from_tables($tables)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($tables))
 		{
@@ -635,9 +649,9 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @param   array   the insert values
 	 * @return  string
 	 */
-	function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
-	return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES (".implode(', ', $values).")";
+		return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES (".implode(', ', $values).")";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -647,13 +661,12 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific insert string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access      public
-	 * @param       string  the table name
-	 * @param       array   the insert keys
-	 * @param       array   the insert values
-	 * @return      string
+	 * @param	string  the table name
+	 * @param	array   the insert keys
+	 * @param 	array   the insert values
+	 * @return 	string
 	 */
-	function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
+	protected function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
 		$keys = implode(', ', $keys);
 		$sql = "INSERT ALL\n";
@@ -675,7 +688,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific update string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
+	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the update data
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
@@ -683,7 +696,7 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * @param	array	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _update($table, $values, $where, $orderby = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
@@ -712,11 +725,11 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 * If the database does not support the truncate() command
 	 * This function maps to "DELETE FROM table"
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
+	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _truncate($table)
+	protected function _truncate($table)
 	{
 		return "TRUNCATE TABLE ".$table;
 	}
@@ -728,13 +741,13 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific delete string from the supplied data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
+	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string	the table name
 	 * @param	array	the where clause
 	 * @param	string	the limit clause
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
+	protected function _delete($table, $where = array(), $like = array(), $limit = FALSE)
 	{
 		$conditions = '';
 
@@ -762,13 +775,13 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 *
 	 * Generates a platform-specific LIMIT clause
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
+	 * @access  protected
 	 * @param   string  the sql query string
 	 * @param   integer the number of rows to limit the query to
 	 * @param   integer the offset value
 	 * @return  string
 	 */
-	function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
+	protected function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
 		$limit = $offset + $limit;
 		$newsql = "SELECT * FROM (select inner_query.*, rownum rnum FROM ($sql) inner_query WHERE rownum < $limit)";
@@ -789,13 +802,13 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_driver extends CI_DB {
 	/**
 	 * Close DB Connection
 	 *
-	 * @access  public
+	 * @access  protected
 	 * @param   resource
 	 * @return  void
 	 */
-	function _close($conn_id)
+	protected function _close($conn_id)
 	{
-		@ocilogoff($conn_id);
+		@oci_close($conn_id);
 	}
 
 
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
index 3cd17585a..b4a24cdca 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_forge.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -19,7 +31,7 @@
  * Oracle Forge Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_oci8_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
index 2713f6f12..0f69fa9ef 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_result.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright   Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright   Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * This class extends the parent result class: CI_DB_result
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
@@ -40,16 +52,16 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 * @access  public
 	 * @return  integer
 	 */
-	function num_rows()
+	public function num_rows()
 	{
 		if ($this->num_rows === 0 && count($this->result_array()) > 0)
 		{
 			$this->num_rows = count($this->result_array());
-			@ociexecute($this->stmt_id);
+			@oci_execute($this->stmt_id, OCI_DEFAULT);
 
 			if ($this->curs_id)
 			{
-				@ociexecute($this->curs_id);
+				@oci_execute($this->curs_id, OCI_DEFAULT);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -64,9 +76,9 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 * @access  public
 	 * @return  integer
 	 */
-	function num_fields()
+	public function num_fields()
 	{
-		$count = @ocinumcols($this->stmt_id);
+		$count = @oci_num_fields($this->stmt_id);
 
 		// if we used a limit we subtract it
 		if ($this->limit_used)
@@ -87,13 +99,12 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function list_fields()
+	public function list_fields()
 	{
 		$field_names = array();
-		$fieldCount = $this->num_fields();
-		for ($c = 1; $c <= $fieldCount; $c++)
+		for ($c = 1, $fieldCount = $this->num_fields(); $c <= $fieldCount; $c++)
 		{
-			$field_names[] = ocicolumnname($this->stmt_id, $c);
+			$field_names[] = oci_field_name($this->stmt_id, $c);
 		}
 		return $field_names;
 	}
@@ -108,16 +119,15 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 * @access  public
 	 * @return  array
 	 */
-	function field_data()
+	public function field_data()
 	{
 		$retval = array();
-		$fieldCount = $this->num_fields();
-		for ($c = 1; $c <= $fieldCount; $c++)
+		for ($c = 1, $fieldCount = $this->num_fields(); $c <= $fieldCount; $c++)
 		{
-			$F				= new stdClass();
-			$F->name		= ocicolumnname($this->stmt_id, $c);
-			$F->type		= ocicolumntype($this->stmt_id, $c);
-			$F->max_length  = ocicolumnsize($this->stmt_id, $c);
+			$F			= new stdClass();
+			$F->name		= oci_field_name($this->stmt_id, $c);
+			$F->type		= oci_field_type($this->stmt_id, $c);
+			$F->max_length		= oci_field_size($this->stmt_id, $c);
 
 			$retval[] = $F;
 		}
@@ -132,11 +142,11 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * @return	null
 	 */
-	function free_result()
+	public function free_result()
 	{
 		if (is_resource($this->result_id))
 		{
-			ocifreestatement($this->result_id);
+			oci_free_statement($this->result_id);
 			$this->result_id = FALSE;
 		}
 	}
@@ -148,14 +158,13 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an array
 	 *
-	 * @access  private
+	 * @access  protected
 	 * @return  array
 	 */
-	function _fetch_assoc(&$row)
+	protected function _fetch_assoc()
 	{
 		$id = ($this->curs_id) ? $this->curs_id : $this->stmt_id;
-
-		return ocifetchinto($id, $row, OCI_ASSOC + OCI_RETURN_NULLS);
+		return oci_fetch_assoc($id);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -165,41 +174,13 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the result set as an object
 	 *
-	 * @access  private
+	 * @access  protected
 	 * @return  object
 	 */
-	function _fetch_object()
+	protected function _fetch_object()
 	{
-		$result = array();
-
-		// If PHP 5 is being used we can fetch an result object
-		if (function_exists('oci_fetch_object'))
-		{
-			$id = ($this->curs_id) ? $this->curs_id : $this->stmt_id;
-
-			return @oci_fetch_object($id);
-		}
-
-		// If PHP 4 is being used we have to build our own result
-		foreach ($this->result_array() as $key => $val)
-		{
-			$obj = new stdClass();
-			if (is_array($val))
-			{
-				foreach ($val as $k => $v)
-				{
-					$obj->$k = $v;
-				}
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				$obj->$key = $val;
-			}
-
-			$result[] = $obj;
-		}
-
-		return $result;
+		$id = ($this->curs_id) ? $this->curs_id : $this->stmt_id;
+		return @oci_fetch_object($id);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -210,17 +191,15 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 * @access  public
 	 * @return  array
 	 */
-	function result_array()
+	public function result_array()
 	{
 		if (count($this->result_array) > 0)
 		{
 			return $this->result_array;
 		}
 
-		// oracle's fetch functions do not return arrays.
-		// The information is returned in reference parameters
 		$row = NULL;
-		while ($this->_fetch_assoc($row))
+		while ($row = $this->_fetch_assoc())
 		{
 			$this->result_array[] = $row;
 		}
@@ -237,10 +216,10 @@ class CI_DB_oci8_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 * this internally before fetching results to make sure the
 	 * result set starts at zero
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
+	 * @access	protected
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _data_seek($n = 0)
+	protected function _data_seek($n = 0)
 	{
 		return FALSE; // Not needed
 	}
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php
index 854b467e1..d60f98bc4 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/oci8/oci8_utility.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -19,7 +31,7 @@
  * Oracle Utility Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_oci8_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
index bcd7937d9..6ba39f0cd 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_driver.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -25,7 +37,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_odbc_driver extends CI_DB {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php
index 3ec86b4e9..e0ec687c8 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_forge.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -19,7 +31,7 @@
  * ODBC Forge Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_odbc_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php
index 5d64a464f..ba660856e 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_result.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * This class extends the parent result class: CI_DB_result
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_odbc_result extends CI_DB_result {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_utility.php
index d335bed99..bae3fe853 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/odbc/odbc_utility.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -19,7 +31,7 @@
  * ODBC Utility Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_odbc_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
index 19e069b06..de2b0abeb 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 2.1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -25,7 +37,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
@@ -34,9 +46,10 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 
 	// the character used to excape - not necessary for PDO
 	var $_escape_char = '';
+
+	// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences
 	var $_like_escape_str;
 	var $_like_escape_chr;
-	
 
 	/**
 	 * The syntax to count rows is slightly different across different
@@ -46,18 +59,35 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	var $_count_string = "SELECT COUNT(*) AS ";
 	var $_random_keyword;
 
+	// need to track the pdo DSN, driver and options
+	var $dsn;
+	var $pdodriver;
+	var $options = array();
 
 	function __construct($params)
 	{
 		parent::__construct($params);
-		
+
+		if (preg_match('/([^;]+):/', $this->dsn, $match) && count($match) == 2)
+		{
+			// If there is a minimum valid dsn string pattern found, we're done
+			// This is for general PDO users, who tend to have a full DSN string.
+			$this->pdodriver = end($match);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			// Try to build a complete DSN string from params
+			$this->_connect_string($params);
+		}
+
 		// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences
-		if (strpos($this->hostname, 'mysql') !== FALSE)
+		// this one depends on the driver being used
+		if ($this->pdodriver == 'mysql')
 		{
 			$this->_like_escape_str = '';
 			$this->_like_escape_chr = '';
 		}
-		else if (strpos($this->hostname, 'odbc') !== FALSE)
+		elseif ($this->pdodriver == 'odbc')
 		{
 			$this->_like_escape_str = " {escape '%s'} ";
 			$this->_like_escape_chr = '!';
@@ -68,13 +98,97 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 			$this->_like_escape_chr = '!';
 		}
 		
-		$this->hostname = $this->hostname . ";dbname=".$this->database;
-		$this->trans_enabled = FALSE;
-
+		$this->trans_enabled   = FALSE;
 		$this->_random_keyword = ' RND('.time().')'; // database specific random keyword
 	}
 
 	/**
+	 * Connection String
+	 *
+	 * @access	private
+	 * @param	array
+	 * @return	void
+	 */
+	function _connect_string($params)
+	{
+		if (strpos($this->hostname, ':'))
+		{
+			// hostname generally would have this prototype
+			// $db['hostname'] = 'pdodriver:host(/Server(/DSN))=hostname(/DSN);';
+			// We need to get the prefix (pdodriver used by PDO).
+			$dsnarray = explode(':', $this->hostname);
+			$this->pdodriver = $dsnarray[0];
+
+			// End dsn with a semicolon for extra backward compability
+			// if database property was not empty.
+			if ( ! empty($this->database))
+			{
+				$this->dsn .= rtrim($this->hostname, ';').';';
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			// Invalid DSN, display an error
+			if ( ! array_key_exists('pdodriver', $params))
+			{
+				show_error('Invalid DB Connection String for PDO');
+			}
+
+			// Assuming that the following DSN string format is used:
+			// $dsn = 'pdo://username:password@hostname:port/database?pdodriver=pgsql';
+			$this->dsn = $this->pdodriver.':';
+
+			// Add hostname to the DSN for databases that need it
+			if ( ! empty($this->hostname) 
+				&& strpos($this->hostname, ':') === FALSE
+				&& in_array($this->pdodriver, array('informix', 'mysql', 'pgsql', 'sybase', 'mssql', 'dblib', 'cubrid')))
+			{
+			    $this->dsn .= 'host='.$this->hostname.';';
+			}
+
+			// Add a port to the DSN for databases that can use it
+			if ( ! empty($this->port) && in_array($this->pdodriver, array('informix', 'mysql', 'pgsql', 'ibm', 'cubrid')))
+			{
+			    $this->dsn .= 'port='.$this->port.';';
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Add the database name to the DSN, if needed
+	    if (stripos($this->dsn, 'dbname') === FALSE 
+	       && in_array($this->pdodriver, array('4D', 'pgsql', 'mysql', 'firebird', 'sybase', 'mssql', 'dblib', 'cubrid')))
+	    {
+	        $this->dsn .= 'dbname='.$this->database.';';
+	    }
+	    elseif (stripos($this->dsn, 'database') === FALSE && in_array($this->pdodriver, array('ibm', 'sqlsrv')))
+	    {
+	    	if (stripos($this->dsn, 'dsn') === FALSE)
+	    	{
+		        $this->dsn .= 'database='.$this->database.';';
+	    	}
+	    }
+	    elseif ($this->pdodriver === 'sqlite' && $this->dsn === 'sqlite:')
+	    {
+	        if ($this->database !== ':memory')
+	        {
+	            if ( ! file_exists($this->database))
+	            {
+	                show_error('Invalid DB Connection string for PDO SQLite');
+	            }
+
+	            $this->dsn .= (strpos($this->database, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) !== 0) ? DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR : '';
+	        }
+
+	        $this->dsn .= $this->database;
+	    }
+
+	    // Add charset to the DSN, if needed
+	    if ( ! empty($this->char_set) && in_array($this->pdodriver, array('4D', 'mysql', 'sybase', 'mssql', 'dblib', 'oci')))
+	    {
+	        $this->dsn .= 'charset='.$this->char_set.';';
+	    }
+	}
+
+	/**
 	 * Non-persistent database connection
 	 *
 	 * @access	private called by the base class
@@ -82,9 +196,9 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	function db_connect()
 	{
-		return new PDO($this->hostname,$this->username,$this->password, array(
-			PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT
-		));
+		$this->options[PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE] = PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT;
+
+		return $this->pdo_connect();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -97,10 +211,44 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	function db_pconnect()
 	{
-		return new PDO($this->hostname,$this->username,$this->password, array(
-			PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT,
-			PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true
-		));
+		$this->options[PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE]    = PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT;
+		$this->options[PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT] = TRUE;
+	
+		return $this->pdo_connect();
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * PDO connection
+	 *
+	 * @access	private called by the PDO driver class
+	 * @return	resource
+	 */
+	function pdo_connect()
+	{
+		// Refer : http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pdo-mysql.connection.php
+		if ($this->pdodriver == 'mysql' && is_php('5.3.6'))
+		{
+			$this->options[PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND] = "SET NAMES $this->char_set COLLATE '$this->dbcollat'";
+		}
+
+		// Connecting...
+		try 
+		{
+			$db = new PDO($this->dsn, $this->username, $this->password, $this->options);
+		} 
+		catch (PDOException $e) 
+		{
+			if ($this->db_debug && empty($this->failover))
+			{
+				$this->display_error($e->getMessage(), '', TRUE);
+			}
+
+			return FALSE;
+		}
+
+		return $db;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -120,6 +268,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 		{
 			return $this->db->display_error('db_unsuported_feature');
 		}
+
 		return FALSE;
 	}
 
@@ -149,7 +298,6 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	function db_set_charset($charset, $collation)
 	{
-		// @todo - add support if needed
 		return TRUE;
 	}
 
@@ -178,6 +326,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	function _execute($sql)
 	{
 		$sql = $this->_prep_query($sql);
+
 		$result_id = $this->conn_id->query($sql);
 		
 		if (is_object($result_id))
@@ -205,6 +354,17 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	function _prep_query($sql)
 	{
+		if ($this->pdodriver === 'pgsql')
+		{
+			// Change the backtick(s) for Postgre
+			$sql = str_replace('`', '"', $sql);
+		}
+		elseif ($this->pdodriver === 'sqlite')
+		{
+			// Change the backtick(s) for SQLite
+			$sql = str_replace('`', '', $sql);
+		}
+
 		return $sql;
 	}
 
@@ -232,7 +392,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 		// Reset the transaction failure flag.
 		// If the $test_mode flag is set to TRUE transactions will be rolled back
 		// even if the queries produce a successful result.
-		$this->_trans_failure = ($test_mode === TRUE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		$this->_trans_failure = (bool) ($test_mode === TRUE);
 
 		return $this->conn_id->beginTransaction();
 	}
@@ -259,6 +419,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 		}
 
 		$ret = $this->conn->commit();
+		
 		return $ret;
 	}
 
@@ -284,6 +445,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 		}
 
 		$ret = $this->conn_id->rollBack();
+
 		return $ret;
 	}
 
@@ -322,7 +484,9 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 		if ($like === TRUE)
 		{
 			$str = str_replace(	array('%', '_', $this->_like_escape_chr),
-								array($this->_like_escape_chr.'%', $this->_like_escape_chr.'_', $this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr),
+								array($this->_like_escape_chr.'%', 
+								      $this->_like_escape_chr.'_', 
+								      $this->_like_escape_chr.$this->_like_escape_chr),
 								$str);
 		}
 
@@ -352,9 +516,9 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	function insert_id($name=NULL)
 	{
-		//Convenience method for postgres insertid
-		if (strpos($this->hostname, 'pgsql') !== FALSE)
+		if ($this->pdodriver == 'pgsql')
 		{
+			//Convenience method for postgres insertid
 			$v = $this->_version();
 
 			$table	= func_num_args() > 0 ? func_get_arg(0) : NULL;
@@ -363,8 +527,10 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 			{
 				$sql='SELECT LASTVAL() as ins_id';
 			}
+
 			$query = $this->query($sql);
-			$row = $query->row();
+			$row   = $query->row();
+
 			return $row->ins_id;
 		}
 		else
@@ -392,7 +558,9 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 			return 0;
 		}
 
-		$query = $this->query($this->_count_string . $this->_protect_identifiers('numrows') . " FROM " . $this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE));
+		$sql   = $this->_count_string.$this->_protect_identifiers('numrows').' FROM ';
+		$sql  .= $this->_protect_identifiers($table, TRUE, NULL, FALSE);
+		$query = $this->query($sql);
 
 		if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
 		{
@@ -401,6 +569,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 
 		$row = $query->row();
 		$this->_reset_select();
+
 		return (int) $row->numrows;
 	}
 
@@ -417,12 +586,19 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
 	{
-		$sql = "SHOW TABLES FROM `".$this->database."`";
+		if ($this->pdodriver == 'pgsql')
+		{
+			// Analog function to show all tables in postgre
+			$sql = "SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = 'public'";
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			$sql = "SHOW TABLES FROM `".$this->database."`";
+		}
 
 		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE AND $this->dbprefix != '')
 		{
-			//$sql .= " LIKE '".$this->escape_like_str($this->dbprefix)."%' ".sprintf($this->_like_escape_str, $this->_like_escape_chr);
-			return FALSE; // not currently supported
+			return FALSE; 
 		}
 
 		return $sql;
@@ -441,7 +617,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	function _list_columns($table = '')
 	{
-		return "SHOW COLUMNS FROM ".$table;
+		return 'SHOW COLUMNS FROM '.$this->_from_tables($table);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -457,7 +633,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	function _field_data($table)
 	{
-		return "SELECT TOP 1 FROM ".$table;
+		return 'SELECT TOP 1 FROM '.$this->_from_tables($table);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -471,6 +647,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	function _error_message()
 	{
 		$error_array = $this->conn_id->errorInfo();
+
 		return $error_array[2];
 	}
 
@@ -518,8 +695,8 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 
 		if (strpos($item, '.') !== FALSE)
 		{
-			$str = $this->_escape_char.str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.'.$this->_escape_char, $item).$this->_escape_char;
-			
+			$str  = $this->_escape_char.str_replace('.', $this->_escape_char.'.'.$this->_escape_char, $item);
+			$str .= $this->_escape_char;
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -549,7 +726,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 			$tables = array($tables);
 		}
 
-		return (count($tables) == 1) ? $tables[0] : '('.implode(', ', $tables).')';
+		return (count($tables) == 1) ? '`'.$tables[0].'`' : '('.implode(', ', $tables).')';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -567,7 +744,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	function _insert($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
-		return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES (".implode(', ', $values).")";
+		return 'INSERT INTO '.$this->_from_tables($table).' ('.implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES ('.implode(', ', $values).')';
 	}
 	
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -585,7 +762,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	function _insert_batch($table, $keys, $values)
 	{
-		return "INSERT INTO ".$table." (".implode(', ', $keys).") VALUES ".implode(', ', $values);
+		return 'INSERT INTO '.$this->_from_tables($table).' ('.implode(', ', $keys).') VALUES '.implode(', ', $values);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -610,14 +787,11 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 			$valstr[] = $key." = ".$val;
 		}
 
-		$limit = ( ! $limit) ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit;
-
-		$orderby = (count($orderby) >= 1)?' ORDER BY '.implode(", ", $orderby):'';
-
-		$sql = "UPDATE ".$table." SET ".implode(', ', $valstr);
-
-		$sql .= ($where != '' AND count($where) >=1) ? " WHERE ".implode(" ", $where) : '';
+		$limit   = ( ! $limit) ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit;
+		$orderby = (count($orderby) >= 1) ? ' ORDER BY '.implode(', ', $orderby) : '';
 
+		$sql  = 'UPDATE '.$this->_from_tables($table).' SET '.implode(', ', $valstr);
+		$sql .= ($where != '' && count($where) >= 1) ? ' WHERE '.implode(' ', $where) : '';
 		$sql .= $orderby.$limit;
 
 		return $sql;
@@ -638,8 +812,8 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	function _update_batch($table, $values, $index, $where = NULL)
 	{
-		$ids = array();
-		$where = ($where != '' AND count($where) >=1) ? implode(" ", $where).' AND ' : '';
+		$ids   = array();
+		$where = ($where != '' && count($where) >=1) ? implode(" ", $where).' AND ' : '';
 
 		foreach ($values as $key => $val)
 		{
@@ -654,12 +828,13 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 			}
 		}
 
-		$sql = "UPDATE ".$table." SET ";
+		$sql   = 'UPDATE '.$this->_from_tables($table).' SET ';
 		$cases = '';
 
 		foreach ($final as $k => $v)
 		{
 			$cases .= $k.' = CASE '."\n";
+
 			foreach ($v as $row)
 			{
 				$cases .= $row."\n";
@@ -669,7 +844,6 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 		}
 
 		$sql .= substr($cases, 0, -2);
-
 		$sql .= ' WHERE '.$where.$index.' IN ('.implode(',', $ids).')';
 
 		return $sql;
@@ -713,19 +887,20 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 
 		if (count($where) > 0 OR count($like) > 0)
 		{
-			$conditions = "\nWHERE ";
+			$conditions  = "\nWHERE ";
 			$conditions .= implode("\n", $this->ar_where);
 
 			if (count($where) > 0 && count($like) > 0)
 			{
 				$conditions .= " AND ";
 			}
+
 			$conditions .= implode("\n", $like);
 		}
 
 		$limit = ( ! $limit) ? '' : ' LIMIT '.$limit;
 
-		return "DELETE FROM ".$table.$conditions.$limit;
+		return 'DELETE FROM '.$this->_from_tables($table).$conditions.$limit;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -743,27 +918,16 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	function _limit($sql, $limit, $offset)
 	{
-		if (strpos($this->hostname, 'cubrid') !== FALSE || strpos($this->hostname, 'sqlite') !== FALSE)
+		if ($this->pdodriver == 'cubrid' OR $this->pdodriver == 'sqlite')
 		{
-			if ($offset == 0)
-			{
-				$offset = '';
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				$offset .= ", ";
-			}
+			$offset = ($offset == 0) ? '' : $offset.', ';
 
-			return $sql."LIMIT ".$offset.$limit;
+			return $sql.'LIMIT '.$offset.$limit;
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$sql .= "LIMIT ".$limit;
-
-			if ($offset > 0)
-			{
-				$sql .= " OFFSET ".$offset;
-			}
+			$sql .= 'LIMIT '.$limit;
+			$sql .= ($offset > 0) ? ' OFFSET '.$offset : '';
 			
 			return $sql;
 		}
@@ -783,10 +947,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 		$this->conn_id = null;
 	}
 
-
 }
 
-
-
 /* End of file pdo_driver.php */
 /* Location: ./system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
index 5516873c0..478b2dbfb 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_forge.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 2.1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -19,7 +31,7 @@
  * PDO Forge Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
@@ -84,7 +96,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 			$sql .= 'IF NOT EXISTS ';
 		}
 
-		$sql .= $this->db->_escape_identifiers($table)." (";
+		$sql .= '`'.$this->db->_escape_identifiers($table).'` (';
 		$current_field_count = 0;
 
 		foreach ($fields as $field=>$attributes)
@@ -99,6 +111,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 			else
 			{
 				$attributes = array_change_key_case($attributes, CASE_UPPER);
+				$numeric    = array('SERIAL', 'INTEGER');
 
 				$sql .= "\n\t".$this->db->_protect_identifiers($field);
 
@@ -106,7 +119,11 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
 				if (array_key_exists('CONSTRAINT', $attributes))
 				{
-					$sql .= '('.$attributes['CONSTRAINT'].')';
+					// Exception for Postgre numeric which not too happy with constraint within those type
+					if ( ! ($this->db->pdodriver == 'pgsql' && in_array($attributes['TYPE'], $numeric)))
+					{
+						$sql .= '('.$attributes['CONSTRAINT'].')';
+					}
 				}
 
 				if (array_key_exists('UNSIGNED', $attributes) && $attributes['UNSIGNED'] === TRUE)
@@ -207,7 +224,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 */
 	function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
 	{
-		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($table)." $alter_type ".$this->db->_protect_identifiers($column_name);
+		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE `'.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($table)."` $alter_type ".$this->db->_protect_identifiers($column_name);
 
 		// DROP has everything it needs now.
 		if ($alter_type == 'DROP')
@@ -259,7 +276,6 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 		return $sql;
 	}
 
-
 }
 
 /* End of file pdo_forge.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
index e3ae0da4b..c333abc40 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 2.1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,12 +33,22 @@
  * This class extends the parent result class: CI_DB_result
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
 	/**
+	 * @var bool  Hold the flag whether a result handler already fetched before
+	 */
+	protected $is_fetched = FALSE;
+
+	/**
+	 * @var mixed Hold the fetched assoc array of a result handler
+	 */
+	protected $result_assoc;
+
+	/**
 	 * Number of rows in the result set
 	 *
 	 * @access	public
@@ -34,7 +56,59 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 */
 	function num_rows()
 	{
-		return $this->result_id->rowCount();
+		if (empty($this->result_id) OR ! is_object($this->result_id))
+		{
+			// invalid result handler
+			return 0;
+		}
+		elseif (($num_rows = $this->result_id->rowCount()) && $num_rows > 0)
+		{
+			// If rowCount return something, we're done.
+			return $num_rows;
+		}
+
+		// Fetch the result, instead perform another extra query
+		return ($this->is_fetched && is_array($this->result_assoc)) ? count($this->result_assoc) : count($this->result_assoc());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Fetch the result handler
+	 *
+	 * @access	public
+	 * @return	mixed
+	 */
+	function result_assoc()
+	{
+		// If the result already fetched before, use that one
+		if (count($this->result_array) > 0 OR $this->is_fetched)
+		{
+			return $this->result_array();
+		}
+
+		// Define the output
+		$output = array('assoc', 'object');
+
+		// Fetch the result
+		foreach ($output as $type)
+		{
+			// Define the method and handler
+			$res_method  = '_fetch_'.$type;
+			$res_handler = 'result_'.$type;
+			
+			$this->$res_handler = array();
+			$this->_data_seek(0);
+
+			while ($row = $this->$res_method())
+			{
+				$this->{$res_handler}[] = $row;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Save this as buffer and marked the fetch flag
+		$this->result_array = $this->result_assoc;
+		$this->is_fetched = TRUE;
+
+		return $this->result_assoc;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -66,6 +140,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_result extends CI_DB_result {
 		{
 			return $this->db->display_error('db_unsuported_feature');
 		}
+		
 		return FALSE;
 	}
 
@@ -98,6 +173,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_result extends CI_DB_result {
 			{
 				return $this->db->display_error('db_unsuported_feature');
 			}
+
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 	}
@@ -166,6 +242,5 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_result extends CI_DB_result {
 
 }
 
-
 /* End of file pdo_result.php */
 /* Location: ./system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
index 50b9746de..971ec8803 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_utility.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 2.1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -19,7 +31,7 @@
  * PDO Utility Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_pdo_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
index 5367f9759..42329bded 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_driver.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -25,7 +37,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
index 91a1c6861..756fd347a 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_forge.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -19,7 +31,7 @@
  * Postgre Forge Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
@@ -51,31 +63,16 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
+	
 	/**
-	 * Create Table
+	 * Process Fields
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @param	string	the table name
-	 * @param	array	the fields
-	 * @param	mixed	primary key(s)
-	 * @param	mixed	key(s)
-	 * @param	boolean	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @param	mixed	the fields
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
+	function _process_fields($fields, $primary_keys=array())
 	{
-		$sql = 'CREATE TABLE ';
-
-		if ($if_not_exists === TRUE)
-		{
-			if ($this->db->table_exists($table))
-			{
-				return "SELECT * FROM $table"; // Needs to return innocous but valid SQL statement
-			}
-		}
-
-		$sql .= $this->db->_escape_identifiers($table)." (";
+		$sql = '';
 		$current_field_count = 0;
 
 		foreach ($fields as $field=>$attributes)
@@ -171,6 +168,38 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 				$sql .= ',';
 			}
 		}
+		
+		return $sql;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Create Table
+	 *
+	 * @access	private
+	 * @param	string	the table name
+	 * @param	array	the fields
+	 * @param	mixed	primary key(s)
+	 * @param	mixed	key(s)
+	 * @param	boolean	should 'IF NOT EXISTS' be added to the SQL
+	 * @return	bool
+	 */
+	function _create_table($table, $fields, $primary_keys, $keys, $if_not_exists)
+	{
+		$sql = 'CREATE TABLE ';
+
+		if ($if_not_exists === TRUE)
+		{
+			// PostgreSQL doesn't support IF NOT EXISTS syntax so we check if table exists manually
+			if ($this->db->table_exists($table))
+			{
+				return TRUE;
+			}
+		}
+
+		$sql .= $this->db->_escape_identifiers($table)." (";
+		$sql .= $this->_process_fields($fields, $primary_keys);
 
 		if (count($primary_keys) > 0)
 		{
@@ -212,9 +241,6 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 
 	/**
 	 * Drop Table
-	 *
-	 * @access    private
-	 * @return    bool
 	 */
 	function _drop_table($table)
 	{
@@ -239,40 +265,25 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 	 * @param	string	the field after which we should add the new field
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $column_name, $column_definition = '', $default_value = '', $null = '', $after_field = '')
-	{
-		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($table)." $alter_type ".$this->db->_protect_identifiers($column_name);
+ 	function _alter_table($alter_type, $table, $fields, $after_field = '')
+ 	{
+ 		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($table)." $alter_type ";
 
-		// DROP has everything it needs now.
-		if ($alter_type == 'DROP')
-		{
-			return $sql;
-		}
+ 		// DROP has everything it needs now.
+ 		if ($alter_type == 'DROP')
+ 		{
+ 			return $sql.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($fields);
+ 		}
 
-		$sql .= " $column_definition";
+ 		$sql .= $this->_process_fields($fields);
 
-		if ($default_value != '')
-		{
-			$sql .= " DEFAULT \"$default_value\"";
-		}
+ 		if ($after_field != '')
+ 		{
+ 			$sql .= ' AFTER ' . $this->db->_protect_identifiers($after_field);
+ 		}
 
-		if ($null === NULL)
-		{
-			$sql .= ' NULL';
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$sql .= ' NOT NULL';
-		}
-
-		if ($after_field != '')
-		{
-			$sql .= ' AFTER ' . $this->db->_protect_identifiers($after_field);
-		}
-
-		return $sql;
-
-	}
+ 		return $sql;
+ 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -291,8 +302,6 @@ class CI_DB_postgre_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
 		$sql = 'ALTER TABLE '.$this->db->_protect_identifiers($table_name)." RENAME TO ".$this->db->_protect_identifiers($new_table_name);
 		return $sql;
 	}
-
-
 }
 
 /* End of file postgre_forge.php */
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php
index e9a1d1607..9161bf955 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_result.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * This class extends the parent result class: CI_DB_result
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_postgre_result extends CI_DB_result {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
index 741c52ea8..dffd8c549 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/postgre/postgre_utility.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -19,7 +31,7 @@
  * Postgre Utility Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_postgre_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
index 0cc898b38..28c3caecd 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_driver.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -27,7 +39,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlite_driver extends CI_DB {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php
index 56904082e..2b723be0b 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_forge.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -19,7 +31,7 @@
  * SQLite Forge Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlite_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php
index 7bd30db7c..74c0dc549 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_result.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * This class extends the parent result class: CI_DB_result
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlite_result extends CI_DB_result {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_utility.php
index 508023e2f..f00687e38 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlite/sqlite_utility.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -19,7 +31,7 @@
  * SQLite Utility Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlite_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
index 400fd31c6..6fd52ef70 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_driver.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -25,7 +37,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Drivers
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
@@ -86,7 +98,7 @@ class CI_DB_sqlsrv_driver extends CI_DB {
 	 */
 	function db_pconnect()
 	{
-		$this->db_connect(TRUE);
+		return $this->db_connect(TRUE);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php
index cc88ec5ca..2a7766927 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_forge.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -19,7 +31,7 @@
  * SQLSRV Forge Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlsrv_forge extends CI_DB_forge {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php
index bf0abd1c6..1ee19c2d1 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_result.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * This class extends the parent result class: CI_DB_result
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlsrv_result extends CI_DB_result {
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php
index 13a1850c4..e96df96f9 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/sqlsrv/sqlsrv_utility.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -19,7 +31,7 @@
  * SQLSRV Utility Class
  *
  * @category	Database
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/database/
  */
 class CI_DB_sqlsrv_utility extends CI_DB_utility {
diff --git a/system/helpers/array_helper.php b/system/helpers/array_helper.php
index 075a31fdf..c46c4d103 100644
--- a/system/helpers/array_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/array_helper.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/array_helper.html
  */
 
diff --git a/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php b/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
index 19ec0c778..668b034d4 100644
--- a/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/captcha_helper.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/xml_helper.html
  */
 
@@ -243,4 +255,4 @@ if ( ! function_exists('create_captcha'))
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /* End of file captcha_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/heleprs/captcha_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/captcha_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php b/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
index 7cee02827..7b439c47f 100644
--- a/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/cookie_helper.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/cookie_helper.html
  */
 
diff --git a/system/helpers/date_helper.php b/system/helpers/date_helper.php
index e14bc2f94..9e58d8630 100644
--- a/system/helpers/date_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/date_helper.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/date_helper.html
  */
 
@@ -84,14 +96,14 @@ if ( ! function_exists('mdate'))
 	{
 		if ($datestr == '')
 		{
-			return '';			
+			return '';
 		}
 
 		$time = ($time == '') ? now() : $time;
 
 		$datestr = str_replace(
-			'%\\', 
-			'', 
+			'%\\',
+			'',
 			preg_replace("/([a-z]+?){1}/i", "\\\\\\1", $datestr)
 		);
 
@@ -120,7 +132,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('standard_date'))
 						'DATE_COOKIE'	=>	'%l, %d-%M-%y %H:%i:%s UTC',
 						'DATE_ISO8601'	=>	'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%i:%s%Q',
 						'DATE_RFC822'	=>	'%D, %d %M %y %H:%i:%s %O',
-						'DATE_RFC850'	=>	'%l, %d-%M-%y %H:%m:%i UTC',
+						'DATE_RFC850'	=>	'%l, %d-%M-%y %H:%i:%s UTC',
 						'DATE_RFC1036'	=>	'%D, %d %M %y %H:%i:%s %O',
 						'DATE_RFC1123'	=>	'%D, %d %M %Y %H:%i:%s %O',
 						'DATE_RSS'		=>	'%D, %d %M %Y %H:%i:%s %O',
@@ -169,15 +181,15 @@ if ( ! function_exists('timespan'))
 		$seconds = ($time <= $seconds) ? 1 : $time - $seconds;
 
 		$str = '';
-		$years = floor($seconds / 31536000);
+		$years = floor($seconds / 31557600);
 
 		if ($years > 0)
 		{
 			$str .= $years.' '.$CI->lang->line((($years	> 1) ? 'date_years' : 'date_year')).', ';
 		}
 
-		$seconds -= $years * 31536000;
-		$months = floor($seconds / 2628000);
+		$seconds -= $years * 31557600;
+		$months = floor($seconds / 2629743);
 
 		if ($years > 0 OR $months > 0)
 		{
@@ -186,7 +198,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('timespan'))
 				$str .= $months.' '.$CI->lang->line((($months	> 1) ? 'date_months' : 'date_month')).', ';
 			}
 
-			$seconds -= $months * 2628000;
+			$seconds -= $months * 2629743;
 		}
 
 		$weeks = floor($seconds / 604800);
@@ -303,13 +315,13 @@ if ( ! function_exists('local_to_gmt'))
 		{
 			$time = time();
 		}
-		
+
 		return mktime(
-			gmdate("H", $time), 
-			gmdate("i", $time), 
-			gmdate("s", $time), 
-			gmdate("m", $time), 
-			gmdate("d", $time), 
+			gmdate("H", $time),
+			gmdate("i", $time),
+			gmdate("s", $time),
+			gmdate("m", $time),
+			gmdate("d", $time),
 			gmdate("Y", $time)
 		);
 	}
@@ -482,17 +494,17 @@ if ( ! function_exists('human_to_unix'))
 
 			if (substr($ampm, 0, 1) == 'p' AND $hour < 12)
 			{
-				$hour = $hour + 12;				
+				$hour = $hour + 12;
 			}
 
 			if (substr($ampm, 0, 1) == 'a' AND $hour == 12)
 			{
 				$hour =  '00';
 			}
-			
+
 			if (strlen($hour) == 1)
 			{
-				$hour = '0'.$hour;				
+				$hour = '0'.$hour;
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -505,7 +517,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('human_to_unix'))
 /**
  * Turns many "reasonably-date-like" strings into something
  * that is actually useful. This only works for dates after unix epoch.
- * 
+ *
  * @access  public
  * @param   string  The terribly formatted date-like string
  * @param   string  Date format to return (same as php date function)
@@ -513,7 +525,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('human_to_unix'))
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('nice_date'))
 {
-	function nice_date($bad_date = '', $format = FALSE) 
+	function nice_date($bad_date = '', $format = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (empty($bad_date))
 		{
@@ -521,47 +533,47 @@ if ( ! function_exists('nice_date'))
 		}
 
 		// Date like: YYYYMM
-		if (preg_match('/^\d{6}$/', $bad_date)) 
+		if (preg_match('/^\d{6}$/', $bad_date))
 		{
-			if (in_array(substr($bad_date, 0, 2),array('19', '20'))) 
+			if (in_array(substr($bad_date, 0, 2),array('19', '20')))
 			{
 				$year  = substr($bad_date, 0, 4);
 				$month = substr($bad_date, 4, 2);
-			} 
-			else 
+			}
+			else
 			{
 				$month  = substr($bad_date, 0, 2);
 				$year   = substr($bad_date, 2, 4);
 			}
-			
+
 			return date($format, strtotime($year . '-' . $month . '-01'));
 		}
-		
+
 		// Date Like: YYYYMMDD
-		if (preg_match('/^\d{8}$/',$bad_date)) 
+		if (preg_match('/^\d{8}$/',$bad_date))
 		{
 			$month = substr($bad_date, 0, 2);
 			$day   = substr($bad_date, 2, 2);
 			$year  = substr($bad_date, 4, 4);
-			
+
 			return date($format, strtotime($month . '/01/' . $year));
 		}
-		
+
 		// Date Like: MM-DD-YYYY __or__ M-D-YYYY (or anything in between)
 		if (preg_match('/^\d{1,2}-\d{1,2}-\d{4}$/',$bad_date))
-		{ 
+		{
 			list($m, $d, $y) = explode('-', $bad_date);
 			return date($format, strtotime("{$y}-{$m}-{$d}"));
 		}
-		
+
 		// Any other kind of string, when converted into UNIX time,
 		// produces "0 seconds after epoc..." is probably bad...
 		// return "Invalid Date".
 		if (date('U', strtotime($bad_date)) == '0')
-		{ 
+		{
 			return "Invalid Date";
 		}
-		
+
 		// It's probably a valid-ish date format already
 		return date($format, strtotime($bad_date));
 	}
@@ -676,9 +688,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('timezones'))
 		{
 			return $zones;
 		}
-		
+
 		$tz = ($tz == 'GMT') ? 'UTC' : $tz;
-		
+
 		return ( ! isset($zones[$tz])) ? 0 : $zones[$tz];
 	}
 }
diff --git a/system/helpers/directory_helper.php b/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
index 38347fa62..be65b388d 100644
--- a/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/directory_helper.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/directory_helper.html
  */
 
diff --git a/system/helpers/download_helper.php b/system/helpers/download_helper.php
index 1145688ae..aea948d81 100644
--- a/system/helpers/download_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/download_helper.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/download_helper.html
  */
 
@@ -76,26 +88,20 @@ if ( ! function_exists('force_download'))
 		{
 			$mime = (is_array($mimes[$extension])) ? $mimes[$extension][0] : $mimes[$extension];
 		}
-
+		
 		// Generate the server headers
-		if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], "MSIE") !== FALSE)
+		header('Content-Type: "'.$mime.'"');
+		header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.$filename.'"');
+		header('Expires: 0');
+		header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary");
+		header("Content-Length: ".strlen($data));
+		header('Pragma: no-cache');
+
+		// Internet Explorer-specific headers.
+		if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']) && strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], "MSIE") !== FALSE)
 		{
-			header('Content-Type: "'.$mime.'"');
-			header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.$filename.'"');
-			header('Expires: 0');
 			header('Cache-Control: must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0');
-			header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary");
 			header('Pragma: public');
-			header("Content-Length: ".strlen($data));
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			header('Content-Type: "'.$mime.'"');
-			header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="'.$filename.'"');
-			header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary");
-			header('Expires: 0');
-			header('Pragma: no-cache');
-			header("Content-Length: ".strlen($data));
 		}
 
 		exit($data);
diff --git a/system/helpers/email_helper.php b/system/helpers/email_helper.php
index 651aef439..f184031a9 100644
--- a/system/helpers/email_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/email_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/email_helper.html
  */
 
@@ -37,7 +49,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('valid_email'))
 {
 	function valid_email($address)
 	{
-		return ( ! preg_match("/^([a-z0-9\+_\-]+)(\.[a-z0-9\+_\-]+)*@([a-z0-9\-]+\.)+[a-z]{2,6}$/ix", $address)) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+		return (bool) preg_match('/^([a-z0-9\+_\-]+)(\.[a-z0-9\+_\-]+)*@([a-z0-9\-]+\.)+[a-z]{2,6}$/ix', $address);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -57,6 +69,5 @@ if ( ! function_exists('send_email'))
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file email_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/email_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/email_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/file_helper.php b/system/helpers/file_helper.php
index 3931667fd..2d4b10e37 100644
--- a/system/helpers/file_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/file_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/file_helpers.html
  */
 
@@ -130,15 +142,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('delete_files'))
 
 		while (FALSE !== ($filename = @readdir($current_dir)))
 		{
-			if ($filename != "." and $filename != "..")
+			if ($filename !== '.' and $filename !== '..')
 			{
-				if (is_dir($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename))
+				if (is_dir($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename) && $filename[0] !== '.')
 				{
-					// Ignore empty folders
-					if (substr($filename, 0, 1) != '.')
-					{
-						delete_files($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename, $del_dir, $level + 1);
-					}
+					delete_files($path.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename, $del_dir, $level + 1);
 				}
 				else
 				{
@@ -188,21 +196,21 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_filenames'))
 
 			while (FALSE !== ($file = readdir($fp)))
 			{
-				if (@is_dir($source_dir.$file) && strncmp($file, '.', 1) !== 0)
+				if (@is_dir($source_dir.$file) && $file[0] !== '.')
 				{
 					get_filenames($source_dir.$file.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $include_path, TRUE);
 				}
-				elseif (strncmp($file, '.', 1) !== 0)
+				elseif ($file[0] !== '.')
 				{
 					$_filedata[] = ($include_path == TRUE) ? $source_dir.$file : $file;
 				}
 			}
+			closedir($fp);
+
 			return $_filedata;
 		}
-		else
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
+
+		return FALSE;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -241,23 +249,22 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_dir_file_info'))
 			// foreach (scandir($source_dir, 1) as $file) // In addition to being PHP5+, scandir() is simply not as fast
 			while (FALSE !== ($file = readdir($fp)))
 			{
-				if (@is_dir($source_dir.$file) AND strncmp($file, '.', 1) !== 0 AND $top_level_only === FALSE)
+				if (@is_dir($source_dir.$file) && $file[0] !== '.' && $top_level_only === FALSE)
 				{
 					get_dir_file_info($source_dir.$file.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $top_level_only, TRUE);
 				}
-				elseif (strncmp($file, '.', 1) !== 0)
+				elseif ($file[0] !== '.')
 				{
 					$_filedata[$file] = get_file_info($source_dir.$file);
 					$_filedata[$file]['relative_path'] = $relative_path;
 				}
 			}
+			closedir($fp);
 
 			return $_filedata;
 		}
-		else
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
+
+		return FALSE;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -352,7 +359,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_mime_by_extension'))
 
 		if ( ! is_array($mimes))
 		{
-			if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php'))
+			if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') && is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php'))
 			{
 				include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/mimes.php');
 			}
@@ -379,10 +386,8 @@ if ( ! function_exists('get_mime_by_extension'))
 				return $mimes[$extension];
 			}
 		}
-		else
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
+
+		return FALSE;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -402,31 +407,31 @@ if ( ! function_exists('symbolic_permissions'))
 {
 	function symbolic_permissions($perms)
 	{
-		if (($perms & 0xC000) == 0xC000)
+		if (($perms & 0xC000) === 0xC000)
 		{
 			$symbolic = 's'; // Socket
 		}
-		elseif (($perms & 0xA000) == 0xA000)
+		elseif (($perms & 0xA000) === 0xA000)
 		{
 			$symbolic = 'l'; // Symbolic Link
 		}
-		elseif (($perms & 0x8000) == 0x8000)
+		elseif (($perms & 0x8000) === 0x8000)
 		{
 			$symbolic = '-'; // Regular
 		}
-		elseif (($perms & 0x6000) == 0x6000)
+		elseif (($perms & 0x6000) === 0x6000)
 		{
 			$symbolic = 'b'; // Block special
 		}
-		elseif (($perms & 0x4000) == 0x4000)
+		elseif (($perms & 0x4000) === 0x4000)
 		{
 			$symbolic = 'd'; // Directory
 		}
-		elseif (($perms & 0x2000) == 0x2000)
+		elseif (($perms & 0x2000) === 0x2000)
 		{
 			$symbolic = 'c'; // Character special
 		}
-		elseif (($perms & 0x1000) == 0x1000)
+		elseif (($perms & 0x1000) === 0x1000)
 		{
 			$symbolic = 'p'; // FIFO pipe
 		}
@@ -436,19 +441,19 @@ if ( ! function_exists('symbolic_permissions'))
 		}
 
 		// Owner
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0100) ? 'r' : '-');
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0080) ? 'w' : '-');
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0040) ? (($perms & 0x0800) ? 's' : 'x' ) : (($perms & 0x0800) ? 'S' : '-'));
+		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0100) ? 'r' : '-')
+			. (($perms & 0x0080) ? 'w' : '-')
+			. (($perms & 0x0040) ? (($perms & 0x0800) ? 's' : 'x' ) : (($perms & 0x0800) ? 'S' : '-'));
 
 		// Group
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0020) ? 'r' : '-');
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0010) ? 'w' : '-');
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0008) ? (($perms & 0x0400) ? 's' : 'x' ) : (($perms & 0x0400) ? 'S' : '-'));
+		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0020) ? 'r' : '-')
+			. (($perms & 0x0010) ? 'w' : '-')
+			. (($perms & 0x0008) ? (($perms & 0x0400) ? 's' : 'x' ) : (($perms & 0x0400) ? 'S' : '-'));
 
 		// World
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0004) ? 'r' : '-');
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0002) ? 'w' : '-');
-		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0001) ? (($perms & 0x0200) ? 't' : 'x' ) : (($perms & 0x0200) ? 'T' : '-'));
+		$symbolic .= (($perms & 0x0004) ? 'r' : '-')
+			. (($perms & 0x0002) ? 'w' : '-')
+			. (($perms & 0x0001) ? (($perms & 0x0200) ? 't' : 'x' ) : (($perms & 0x0200) ? 'T' : '-'));
 
 		return $symbolic;
 	}
@@ -474,6 +479,5 @@ if ( ! function_exists('octal_permissions'))
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file file_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/file_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/file_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/form_helper.php b/system/helpers/form_helper.php
index 130daee6a..bed2cb297 100644
--- a/system/helpers/form_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/form_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/form_helper.html
  */
 
@@ -58,14 +70,10 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_open'))
 		// If no action is provided then set to the current url
 		$action OR $action = $CI->config->site_url($CI->uri->uri_string());
 
-		$form = '<form action="'.$action.'"';
+		$form = '<form action="'.$action.'"'._attributes_to_string($attributes, TRUE).">\n";
 
-		$form .= _attributes_to_string($attributes, TRUE);
-
-		$form .= '>';
-
-		// Add CSRF field if enabled, but leave it out for GET requests and requests to external websites	
-		if ($CI->config->item('csrf_protection') === TRUE AND ! (strpos($action, $CI->config->site_url()) === FALSE OR strpos($form, 'method="get"')))	
+		// Add CSRF field if enabled, but leave it out for GET requests and requests to external websites
+		if ($CI->config->item('csrf_protection') === TRUE AND ! (strpos($action, $CI->config->site_url()) === FALSE OR strpos($form, 'method="get"')))
 		{
 			$hidden[$CI->security->get_csrf_token_name()] = $CI->security->get_csrf_hash();
 		}
@@ -144,7 +152,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_hidden'))
 
 		if ( ! is_array($value))
 		{
-			$form .= '<input type="hidden" name="'.$name.'" value="'.form_prep($value, $name).'" />'."\n";
+			$form .= '<input type="hidden" name="'.$name.'" value="'.form_prep($value, $name)."\" />\n";
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -176,7 +184,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_input'))
 	{
 		$defaults = array('type' => 'text', 'name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
 
-		return "<input "._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />";
+		return '<input '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -262,7 +270,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_textarea'))
 		}
 
 		$name = (is_array($data)) ? $data['name'] : $data;
-		return "<textarea "._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra.">".form_prep($val, $name)."</textarea>";
+		return '<textarea '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra.'>'.form_prep($val, $name)."</textarea>\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -313,13 +321,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_dropdown'))
 		}
 
 		// If no selected state was submitted we will attempt to set it automatically
-		if (count($selected) === 0)
+		if (count($selected) === 0 && isset($_POST[$name]))
 		{
-			// If the form name appears in the $_POST array we have a winner!
-			if (isset($_POST[$name]))
-			{
-				$selected = array($_POST[$name]);
-			}
+			$selected = array($_POST[$name]);
 		}
 
 		if ($extra != '') $extra = ' '.$extra;
@@ -334,12 +338,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_dropdown'))
 
 			if (is_array($val) && ! empty($val))
 			{
-				$form .= '<optgroup label="'.$key.'">'."\n";
+				$form .= '<optgroup label="'.$key."\">\n";
 
 				foreach ($val as $optgroup_key => $optgroup_val)
 				{
 					$sel = (in_array($optgroup_key, $selected)) ? ' selected="selected"' : '';
-
 					$form .= '<option value="'.$optgroup_key.'"'.$sel.'>'.(string) $optgroup_val."</option>\n";
 				}
 
@@ -347,13 +350,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_dropdown'))
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$sel = (in_array($key, $selected)) ? ' selected="selected"' : '';
-
-				$form .= '<option value="'.$key.'"'.$sel.'>'.(string) $val."</option>\n";
+				$form .= '<option value="'.$key.'"'.(in_array($key, $selected) ? ' selected="selected"' : '').'>'.(string) $val."</option>\n";
 			}
 		}
 
-		$form .= '</select>';
+		$form .= "</select>\n";
 
 		return $form;
 	}
@@ -400,7 +401,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_checkbox'))
 			unset($defaults['checked']);
 		}
 
-		return "<input "._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />";
+		return '<input '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -446,8 +447,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_submit'))
 	function form_submit($data = '', $value = '', $extra = '')
 	{
 		$defaults = array('type' => 'submit', 'name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
-
-		return "<input "._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />";
+		return '<input '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -467,8 +467,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_reset'))
 	function form_reset($data = '', $value = '', $extra = '')
 	{
 		$defaults = array('type' => 'reset', 'name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'value' => $value);
-
-		return "<input "._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />";
+		return '<input '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra." />\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -488,14 +487,13 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_button'))
 	function form_button($data = '', $content = '', $extra = '')
 	{
 		$defaults = array('name' => (( ! is_array($data)) ? $data : ''), 'type' => 'button');
-
 		if ( is_array($data) AND isset($data['content']))
 		{
 			$content = $data['content'];
 			unset($data['content']); // content is not an attribute
 		}
 
-		return "<button "._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra.">".$content."</button>";
+		return '<button '._parse_form_attributes($data, $defaults).$extra.'>'.$content."</button>\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -530,9 +528,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_label'))
 			}
 		}
 
-		$label .= ">$label_text</label>";
-
-		return $label;
+		return $label .= ">$label_text</label>";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -552,12 +548,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_fieldset'))
 {
 	function form_fieldset($legend_text = '', $attributes = array())
 	{
-		$fieldset = "<fieldset";
-
-		$fieldset .= _attributes_to_string($attributes, FALSE);
-
-		$fieldset .= ">\n";
-
+		$fieldset = '<fieldset'._attributes_to_string($attributes, FALSE).">\n";
 		if ($legend_text != '')
 		{
 			$fieldset .= "<legend>$legend_text</legend>\n";
@@ -642,15 +633,13 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_prep'))
 		{
 			return $str;
 		}
-		
-		$str = html_escape($str);
 
 		if ($field_name != '')
 		{
 			$prepped_fields[$field_name] = $field_name;
 		}
 
-		return $str;
+		return html_escape($str);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -980,7 +969,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_attributes_to_string'))
 				$attributes .= ' accept-charset="'.strtolower(config_item('charset')).'"';
 			}
 
-		return ' '.$attributes;
+			return ' '.$attributes;
 		}
 
 		if (is_object($attributes) AND count($attributes) > 0)
@@ -988,7 +977,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_attributes_to_string'))
 			$attributes = (array)$attributes;
 		}
 
-		if (is_array($attributes) AND count($attributes) > 0)
+		if (is_array($attributes) AND ($formtag === TRUE OR count($attributes) > 0))
 		{
 			$atts = '';
 
@@ -1031,21 +1020,20 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_get_validation_object'))
 
 		// We set this as a variable since we're returning by reference.
 		$return = FALSE;
-		
+
 		if (FALSE !== ($object = $CI->load->is_loaded('form_validation')))
 		{
 			if ( ! isset($CI->$object) OR ! is_object($CI->$object))
 			{
 				return $return;
 			}
-			
+
 			return $CI->$object;
 		}
-		
+
 		return $return;
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file form_helper.php */
 /* Location: ./system/helpers/form_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/html_helper.php b/system/helpers/html_helper.php
index 10a288e6a..72970d9ca 100644
--- a/system/helpers/html_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/html_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/html_helper.html
  */
 
@@ -42,8 +54,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('heading'))
 {
 	function heading($data = '', $h = '1', $attributes = '')
 	{
-		$attributes = ($attributes != '') ? ' '.$attributes : $attributes;
-		return "<h".$h.$attributes.">".$data."</h".$h.">";
+		return '<h'.$h.($attributes != '' ? ' ' : '').$attributes.'>'.$data.'</h'.$h.'>';
 	}
 }
 
@@ -112,7 +123,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_list'))
 		}
 
 		// Set the indentation based on the depth
-		$out = str_repeat(" ", $depth);
+		$out = str_repeat(' ', $depth);
 
 		// Were any attributes submitted?  If so generate a string
 		if (is_array($attributes))
@@ -130,7 +141,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_list'))
 		}
 
 		// Write the opening list tag
-		$out .= "<".$type.$attributes.">\n";
+		$out .= '<'.$type.$attributes.">\n";
 
 		// Cycle through the list elements.  If an array is
 		// encountered we will recursively call _list()
@@ -140,8 +151,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_list'))
 		{
 			$_last_list_item = $key;
 
-			$out .= str_repeat(" ", $depth + 2);
-			$out .= "<li>";
+			$out .= str_repeat(' ', $depth + 2).'<li>';
 
 			if ( ! is_array($val))
 			{
@@ -149,21 +159,14 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_list'))
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$out .= $_last_list_item."\n";
-				$out .= _list($type, $val, '', $depth + 4);
-				$out .= str_repeat(" ", $depth + 2);
+				$out .= $_last_list_item."\n"._list($type, $val, '', $depth + 4).str_repeat(' ', $depth + 2);
 			}
 
 			$out .= "</li>\n";
 		}
 
-		// Set the indentation for the closing tag
-		$out .= str_repeat(" ", $depth);
-
-		// Write the closing list tag
-		$out .= "</".$type.">\n";
-
-		return $out;
+		// Set the indentation for the closing tag and apply it
+		return $out.str_repeat(' ', $depth).'</'.$type.">\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -180,7 +183,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('br'))
 {
 	function br($num = 1)
 	{
-		return str_repeat("<br />", $num);
+		return str_repeat('<br />', $num);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -212,10 +215,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('img'))
 
 		$img = '<img';
 
-		foreach ($src as $k=>$v)
+		foreach ($src as $k => $v)
 		{
-
-			if ($k == 'src' AND strpos($v, '://') === FALSE)
+			if ($k === 'src' AND strpos($v, '://') === FALSE)
 			{
 				$CI =& get_instance();
 
@@ -234,9 +236,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('img'))
 			}
 		}
 
-		$img .= '/>';
-
-		return $img;
+		return $img.'/>';
 	}
 }
 
@@ -278,14 +278,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('doctype'))
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (isset($_doctypes[$type]))
-		{
-			return $_doctypes[$type];
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
+		return (isset($_doctypes[$type])) ? $_doctypes[$type] : FALSE;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -310,14 +303,13 @@ if ( ! function_exists('link_tag'))
 	function link_tag($href = '', $rel = 'stylesheet', $type = 'text/css', $title = '', $media = '', $index_page = FALSE)
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
-
 		$link = '<link ';
 
 		if (is_array($href))
 		{
-			foreach ($href as $k=>$v)
+			foreach ($href as $k => $v)
 			{
-				if ($k == 'href' AND strpos($v, '://') === FALSE)
+				if ($k === 'href' AND strpos($v, '://') === FALSE)
 				{
 					if ($index_page === TRUE)
 					{
@@ -334,11 +326,11 @@ if ( ! function_exists('link_tag'))
 				}
 			}
 
-			$link .= "/>";
+			$link .= '/>';
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			if ( strpos($href, '://') !== FALSE)
+			if (strpos($href, '://') !== FALSE)
 			{
 				$link .= 'href="'.$href.'" ';
 			}
@@ -353,21 +345,20 @@ if ( ! function_exists('link_tag'))
 
 			$link .= 'rel="'.$rel.'" type="'.$type.'" ';
 
-			if ($media	!= '')
+			if ($media != '')
 			{
 				$link .= 'media="'.$media.'" ';
 			}
 
-			if ($title	!= '')
+			if ($title != '')
 			{
 				$link .= 'title="'.$title.'" ';
 			}
 
 			$link .= '/>';
 		}
-		$link .= "\n";
 
-		return $link;
+		return $link."\n";
 	}
 }
 
@@ -427,10 +418,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('nbs'))
 {
 	function nbs($num = 1)
 	{
-		return str_repeat("&nbsp;", $num);
+		return str_repeat('&nbsp;', $num);
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file html_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/html_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/html_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php b/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
index 7b99bc5b4..2069a1927 100644
--- a/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/inflector_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/directory_helper.html
  */
 
@@ -44,45 +56,36 @@ if ( ! function_exists('singular'))
 		$result = strval($str);
 
 		$singular_rules = array(
-			'/(matr)ices$/'         => '\1ix',
-			'/(vert|ind)ices$/'     => '\1ex',
-			'/^(ox)en/'             => '\1',
-			'/(alias)es$/'          => '\1',
-			'/([octop|vir])i$/'     => '\1us',
-			'/(cris|ax|test)es$/'   => '\1is',
-			'/(shoe)s$/'            => '\1',
-			'/(o)es$/'              => '\1',
-			'/(bus|campus)es$/'     => '\1',
-			'/([m|l])ice$/'         => '\1ouse',
-			'/(x|ch|ss|sh)es$/'     => '\1',
-			'/(m)ovies$/'           => '\1\2ovie',
-			'/(s)eries$/'           => '\1\2eries',
-			'/([^aeiouy]|qu)ies$/'  => '\1y',
-			'/([lr])ves$/'          => '\1f',
-			'/(tive)s$/'            => '\1',
-			'/(hive)s$/'            => '\1',
-			'/([^f])ves$/'          => '\1fe',
-			'/(^analy)ses$/'        => '\1sis',
+			'/(matr)ices$/'			=> '\1ix',
+			'/(vert|ind)ices$/'		=> '\1ex',
+			'/^(ox)en/'				=> '\1',
+			'/(alias)es$/'			=> '\1',
+			'/([octop|vir])i$/'		=> '\1us',
+			'/(cris|ax|test)es$/'	=> '\1is',
+			'/(shoe)s$/'			=> '\1',
+			'/(o)es$/'				=> '\1',
+			'/(bus|campus)es$/'		=> '\1',
+			'/([m|l])ice$/'			=> '\1ouse',
+			'/(x|ch|ss|sh)es$/'		=> '\1',
+			'/(m)ovies$/'			=> '\1\2ovie',
+			'/(s)eries$/'			=> '\1\2eries',
+			'/([^aeiouy]|qu)ies$/'	=> '\1y',
+			'/([lr])ves$/'			=> '\1f',
+			'/(tive)s$/'			=> '\1',
+			'/(hive)s$/'			=> '\1',
+			'/([^f])ves$/'			=> '\1fe',
+			'/(^analy)ses$/'		=> '\1sis',
 			'/((a)naly|(b)a|(d)iagno|(p)arenthe|(p)rogno|(s)ynop|(t)he)ses$/' => '\1\2sis',
-			'/([ti])a$/'            => '\1um',
-			'/(p)eople$/'           => '\1\2erson',
-			'/(m)en$/'              => '\1an',
-			'/(s)tatuses$/'         => '\1\2tatus',
-			'/(c)hildren$/'         => '\1\2hild',
-			'/(n)ews$/'             => '\1\2ews',
-			'/([^u])s$/'            => '\1',
+			'/([ti])a$/'			=> '\1um',
+			'/(p)eople$/'			=> '\1\2erson',
+			'/(m)en$/'				=> '\1an',
+			'/(s)tatuses$/'			=> '\1\2tatus',
+			'/(c)hildren$/'			=> '\1\2hild',
+			'/(n)ews$/'				=> '\1\2ews',
+			'/([^u])s$/'			=> '\1',
 		);
-		
-		foreach ($singular_rules as $rule => $replacement)
-		{
-			if (preg_match($rule, $result))
-			{
-				$result = preg_replace($rule, $replacement, $result);
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return $result;
+
+		return preg_replace(array_keys($singular_rules), $singular_rules, $result);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -103,39 +106,30 @@ if ( ! function_exists('plural'))
 	function plural($str, $force = FALSE)
 	{
 		$result = strval($str);
-	
+
 		$plural_rules = array(
-			'/^(ox)$/'                 => '\1\2en',     // ox
-			'/([m|l])ouse$/'           => '\1ice',      // mouse, louse
-			'/(matr|vert|ind)ix|ex$/'  => '\1ices',     // matrix, vertex, index
-			'/(x|ch|ss|sh)$/'          => '\1es',       // search, switch, fix, box, process, address
-			'/([^aeiouy]|qu)y$/'       => '\1ies',      // query, ability, agency
-			'/(hive)$/'                => '\1s',        // archive, hive
-			'/(?:([^f])fe|([lr])f)$/'  => '\1\2ves',    // half, safe, wife
-			'/sis$/'                   => 'ses',        // basis, diagnosis
-			'/([ti])um$/'              => '\1a',        // datum, medium
-			'/(p)erson$/'              => '\1eople',    // person, salesperson
-			'/(m)an$/'                 => '\1en',       // man, woman, spokesman
-			'/(c)hild$/'               => '\1hildren',  // child
-			'/(buffal|tomat)o$/'       => '\1\2oes',    // buffalo, tomato
-			'/(bu|campu)s$/'           => '\1\2ses',    // bus, campus
-			'/(alias|status|virus)/'   => '\1es',       // alias
-			'/(octop)us$/'             => '\1i',        // octopus
-			'/(ax|cris|test)is$/'      => '\1es',       // axis, crisis
-			'/s$/'                     => 's',          // no change (compatibility)
-			'/$/'                      => 's',
+			'/^(ox)$/'					=> '\1\2en',	 // ox
+			'/([m|l])ouse$/'			=> '\1ice',	  // mouse, louse
+			'/(matr|vert|ind)ix|ex$/'	=> '\1ices',	 // matrix, vertex, index
+			'/(x|ch|ss|sh)$/'			=> '\1es',	   // search, switch, fix, box, process, address
+			'/([^aeiouy]|qu)y$/'		=> '\1ies',	  // query, ability, agency
+			'/(hive)$/'					=> '\1s',		// archive, hive
+			'/(?:([^f])fe|([lr])f)$/'	=> '\1\2ves',	// half, safe, wife
+			'/sis$/'					=> 'ses',		// basis, diagnosis
+			'/([ti])um$/'				=> '\1a',		// datum, medium
+			'/(p)erson$/'				=> '\1eople',	// person, salesperson
+			'/(m)an$/'					=> '\1en',	   // man, woman, spokesman
+			'/(c)hild$/'				=> '\1hildren',  // child
+			'/(buffal|tomat)o$/'		=> '\1\2oes',	// buffalo, tomato
+			'/(bu|campu)s$/'			=> '\1\2ses',	// bus, campus
+			'/(alias|status|virus)/'	=> '\1es',	   // alias
+			'/(octop)us$/'				=> '\1i',		// octopus
+			'/(ax|cris|test)is$/'		=> '\1es',	   // axis, crisis
+			'/s$/'						=> 's',		  // no change (compatibility)
+			'/$/'						=> 's',
 		);
 
-		foreach ($plural_rules as $rule => $replacement)
-		{
-			if (preg_match($rule, $result))
-			{
-				$result = preg_replace($rule, $replacement, $result);
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return $result;
+		return preg_replace(array_keys($plural_rules), $plural_rules, $result);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -154,9 +148,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('camelize'))
 {
 	function camelize($str)
 	{
-		$str = 'x'.strtolower(trim($str));
-		$str = ucwords(preg_replace('/[\s_]+/', ' ', $str));
-		return substr(str_replace(' ', '', $str), 1);
+		return substr(str_replace(' ', '', ucwords(preg_replace('/[\s_]+/', ' ', $str))), 1);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -184,20 +176,20 @@ if ( ! function_exists('underscore'))
 /**
  * Humanize
  *
- * Takes multiple words separated by underscores and changes them to spaces
+ * Takes multiple words separated by the separator and changes them to spaces
  *
  * @access	public
- * @param	string
+ * @param	string $str
+ * @param 	string $separator
  * @return	str
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('humanize'))
 {
-	function humanize($str)
+	function humanize($str, $separator = '_')
 	{
-		return ucwords(preg_replace('/[_]+/', ' ', strtolower(trim($str))));
+		return ucwords(preg_replace('/['.$separator.']+/', ' ', strtolower(trim($str))));
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file inflector_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/inflector_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/inflector_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/language_helper.php b/system/helpers/language_helper.php
index ac0d69da1..a83580a97 100644
--- a/system/helpers/language_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/language_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/language_helper.html
  */
 
@@ -53,6 +65,5 @@ if ( ! function_exists('lang'))
 	}
 }
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 /* End of file language_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/language_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/language_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/number_helper.php b/system/helpers/number_helper.php
index 611777559..331b468c6 100644
--- a/system/helpers/number_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/number_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/number_helper.html
  */
 
@@ -71,6 +83,5 @@ if ( ! function_exists('byte_format'))
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file number_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/number_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/number_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/path_helper.php b/system/helpers/path_helper.php
index ffcf46842..cd87a73eb 100644
--- a/system/helpers/path_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/path_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/xml_helper.html
  */
 
@@ -48,25 +60,21 @@ if ( ! function_exists('set_realpath'))
 		// Resolve the path
 		if (function_exists('realpath') AND @realpath($path) !== FALSE)
 		{
-			$path = realpath($path).'/';
+			$path = realpath($path);
 		}
 
 		// Add a trailing slash
-		$path = preg_replace("#([^/])/*$#", "\\1/", $path);
+		$path = rtrim($path, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
 
 		// Make sure the path exists
-		if ($check_existance == TRUE)
+		if ($check_existance == TRUE && ! is_dir($path))
 		{
-			if ( ! is_dir($path))
-			{
-				show_error('Not a valid path: '.$path);
-			}
+			show_error('Not a valid path: '.$path);
 		}
 
 		return $path;
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file path_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/path_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/path_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/security_helper.php b/system/helpers/security_helper.php
index 678dac821..99fda561a 100644
--- a/system/helpers/security_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/security_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/security_helper.html
  */
 
@@ -75,14 +87,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('do_hash'))
 {
 	function do_hash($str, $type = 'sha1')
 	{
-		if ($type == 'sha1')
-		{
-			return sha1($str);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return md5($str);
-		}
+		return ($type === 'sha1') ? sha1($str) : md5($str);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -99,10 +104,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('strip_image_tags'))
 {
 	function strip_image_tags($str)
 	{
-		$str = preg_replace("#<img\s+.*?src\s*=\s*[\"'](.+?)[\"'].*?\>#", "\\1", $str);
-		$str = preg_replace("#<img\s+.*?src\s*=\s*(.+?).*?\>#", "\\1", $str);
-
-		return $str;
+		return preg_replace(array("#<img\s+.*?src\s*=\s*[\"'](.+?)[\"'].*?\>#", "#<img\s+.*?src\s*=\s*(.+?).*?\>#"), "\\1", $str);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -123,6 +125,5 @@ if ( ! function_exists('encode_php_tags'))
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file security_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/security_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/security_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php b/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php
index 6d8889354..700f4486c 100644
--- a/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/smiley_helper.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/smiley_helper.html
  */
 
@@ -231,7 +243,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_get_smiley_array'))
 	{
 		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND file_exists(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/smileys.php'))
 		{
-		    include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/smileys.php');
+			include(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/smileys.php');
 		}
 		elseif (file_exists(APPPATH.'config/smileys.php'))
 		{
diff --git a/system/helpers/string_helper.php b/system/helpers/string_helper.php
index dd8ffaddb..04d51c2f9 100644
--- a/system/helpers/string_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/string_helper.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/string_helper.html
  */
 
diff --git a/system/helpers/text_helper.php b/system/helpers/text_helper.php
index 33d7fa2fd..842a31d75 100644
--- a/system/helpers/text_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/text_helper.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/text_helper.html
  */
 
diff --git a/system/helpers/typography_helper.php b/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
index e8cb037a8..c49348e6a 100644
--- a/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/typography_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/typography_helper.html
  */
 
@@ -76,7 +88,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('auto_typography'))
  *
  * @access	public
  * @param	string
- * @param   string
+ * @param	string
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('entity_decode'))
@@ -89,4 +101,4 @@ if ( ! function_exists('entity_decode'))
 }
 
 /* End of file typography_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/typography_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/typography_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/url_helper.php b/system/helpers/url_helper.php
index c524dddd1..2cbcd9dbf 100755..100644
--- a/system/helpers/url_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/url_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/url_helper.html
  */
 
@@ -50,7 +62,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('site_url'))
 
 /**
  * Base URL
- * 
+ *
  * Create a local URL based on your basepath.
  * Segments can be passed in as a string or an array, same as site_url
  * or a URL to a file can be passed in, e.g. to an image file.
@@ -186,7 +198,6 @@ if ( ! function_exists('anchor_popup'))
 	function anchor_popup($uri = '', $title = '', $attributes = FALSE)
 	{
 		$title = (string) $title;
-
 		$site_url = ( ! preg_match('!^\w+://! i', $uri)) ? site_url($uri) : $uri;
 
 		if ($title == '')
@@ -236,14 +247,12 @@ if ( ! function_exists('mailto'))
 	{
 		$title = (string) $title;
 
-		if ($title == "")
+		if ($title == '')
 		{
 			$title = $email;
 		}
 
-		$attributes = _parse_attributes($attributes);
-
-		return '<a href="mailto:'.$email.'"'.$attributes.'>'.$title.'</a>';
+		return '<a href="mailto:'.$email.'"'._parse_attributes($attributes).'>'.$title.'</a>';
 	}
 }
 
@@ -266,19 +275,16 @@ if ( ! function_exists('safe_mailto'))
 	{
 		$title = (string) $title;
 
-		if ($title == "")
+		if ($title == '')
 		{
 			$title = $email;
 		}
 
-		for ($i = 0; $i < 16; $i++)
-		{
-			$x[] = substr('<a href="mailto:', $i, 1);
-		}
+		$x = str_split('<a href="mailto:', 1);
 
-		for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($email); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $l = strlen($email); $i < $l; $i++)
 		{
-			$x[] = "|".ord(substr($email, $i, 1));
+			$x[] = '|'.ord($email[$i]);
 		}
 
 		$x[] = '"';
@@ -290,18 +296,18 @@ if ( ! function_exists('safe_mailto'))
 				foreach ($attributes as $key => $val)
 				{
 					$x[] =  ' '.$key.'="';
-					for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($val); $i++)
+					for ($i = 0, $l = strlen($val); $i < $l; $i++)
 					{
-						$x[] = "|".ord(substr($val, $i, 1));
+						$x[] = '|'.ord($val[$i]);
 					}
 					$x[] = '"';
 				}
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($attributes); $i++)
+				for ($i = 0, $l = strlen($attributes); $i < $l; $i++)
 				{
-					$x[] = substr($attributes, $i, 1);
+					$x[] = $attributes[$i];
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -309,26 +315,28 @@ if ( ! function_exists('safe_mailto'))
 		$x[] = '>';
 
 		$temp = array();
-		for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($title); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $l = strlen($title); $i < $l; $i++)
 		{
 			$ordinal = ord($title[$i]);
 
 			if ($ordinal < 128)
 			{
-				$x[] = "|".$ordinal;
+				$x[] = '|'.$ordinal;
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				if (count($temp) == 0)
+				if (count($temp) === 0)
 				{
 					$count = ($ordinal < 224) ? 2 : 3;
 				}
 
 				$temp[] = $ordinal;
-				if (count($temp) == $count)
+				if (count($temp) === $count)
 				{
-					$number = ($count == 3) ? (($temp['0'] % 16) * 4096) + (($temp['1'] % 64) * 64) + ($temp['2'] % 64) : (($temp['0'] % 32) * 64) + ($temp['1'] % 64);
-					$x[] = "|".$number;
+					$number = ($count === 3)
+							? (($temp[0] % 16) * 4096) + (($temp[1] % 64) * 64) + ($temp[2] % 64)
+							: (($temp[0] % 32) * 64) + ($temp[1] % 64);
+					$x[] = '|'.$number;
 					$count = 1;
 					$temp = array();
 				}
@@ -344,8 +352,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('safe_mailto'))
 	//<![CDATA[
 	var l=new Array();
 	<?php
-	$i = 0;
-	foreach ($x as $val){ ?>l[<?php echo $i++; ?>]='<?php echo $val; ?>';<?php } ?>
+	for ($i = 0, $c = count($x); $i < $c; $i++) { ?>l[<?php echo $i; ?>]='<?php echo $x[$i]; ?>';<?php } ?>
 
 	for (var i = l.length-1; i >= 0; i=i-1){
 	if (l[i].substring(0, 1) == '|') document.write("&#"+unescape(l[i].substring(1))+";");
@@ -379,49 +386,46 @@ if ( ! function_exists('auto_link'))
 {
 	function auto_link($str, $type = 'both', $popup = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ($type != 'email')
+		if ($type !== 'email' && preg_match_all('#(^|\s|\(|\b)((http(s?)://)|(www\.))(\w+[^\s\)\<]+)#i', $str, $matches))
 		{
-			if (preg_match_all("#(^|\s|\()((http(s?)://)|(www\.))(\w+[^\s\)\<]+)#i", $str, $matches))
-			{
-				$pop = ($popup == TRUE) ? " target=\"_blank\" " : "";
+			$pop = ($popup) ? ' target="_blank" ' : '';
 
-				for ($i = 0; $i < count($matches['0']); $i++)
+			for ($i = 0, $c = count($matches[0]); $i < $c; $i++)
+			{
+				if (preg_match('|\.$|', $matches[6][$i]))
+				{
+					$period = '.';
+					$matches[6][$i] = substr($matches[6][$i], 0, -1);
+				}
+				else
 				{
 					$period = '';
-					if (preg_match("|\.$|", $matches['6'][$i]))
-					{
-						$period = '.';
-						$matches['6'][$i] = substr($matches['6'][$i], 0, -1);
-					}
-
-					$str = str_replace($matches['0'][$i],
-										$matches['1'][$i].'<a href="http'.
-										$matches['4'][$i].'://'.
-										$matches['5'][$i].
-										$matches['6'][$i].'"'.$pop.'>http'.
-										$matches['4'][$i].'://'.
-										$matches['5'][$i].
-										$matches['6'][$i].'</a>'.
-										$period, $str);
 				}
+
+				$str = str_replace($matches[0][$i],
+							$matches[1][$i].'<a href="http'.$matches[4][$i].'://'
+								.$matches[5][$i].$matches[6][$i].'"'.$pop.'>http'
+								.$matches[4][$i].'://'.$matches[5][$i]
+								.$matches[6][$i].'</a>'.$period,
+							$str);
 			}
 		}
 
-		if ($type != 'url')
+		if ($type !== 'url' && preg_match_all('/([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\-\+]+)@([a-zA-Z0-9\-]+)\.([a-zA-Z0-9\-\.]*)/i', $str, $matches))
 		{
-			if (preg_match_all("/([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\-\+]+)@([a-zA-Z0-9\-]+)\.([a-zA-Z0-9\-\.]*)/i", $str, $matches))
+			for ($i = 0, $c = count($matches); $i < $c; $i++)
 			{
-				for ($i = 0; $i < count($matches['0']); $i++)
+				if (preg_match('|\.$|', $matches[3][$i]))
+				{
+					$period = '.';
+					$matches[3][$i] = substr($matches[3][$i], 0, -1);
+				}
+				else
 				{
 					$period = '';
-					if (preg_match("|\.$|", $matches['3'][$i]))
-					{
-						$period = '.';
-						$matches['3'][$i] = substr($matches['3'][$i], 0, -1);
-					}
-
-					$str = str_replace($matches['0'][$i], safe_mailto($matches['1'][$i].'@'.$matches['2'][$i].'.'.$matches['3'][$i]).$period, $str);
 				}
+
+				$str = str_replace($matches[0][$i], safe_mailto($matches[1][$i].'@'.$matches[2][$i].'.'.$matches[3][$i]).$period, $str);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -444,7 +448,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('prep_url'))
 {
 	function prep_url($str = '')
 	{
-		if ($str == 'http://' OR $str == '')
+		if ($str === 'http://' OR $str == '')
 		{
 			return '';
 		}
@@ -453,7 +457,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('prep_url'))
 
 		if ( ! $url OR ! isset($url['scheme']))
 		{
-			$str = 'http://'.$str;
+			return 'http://'.$str;
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -478,7 +482,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('url_title'))
 {
 	function url_title($str, $separator = 'dash', $lowercase = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ($separator == 'dash')
+		if ($separator === 'dash')
 		{
 			$search		= '_';
 			$replace	= '-';
@@ -501,10 +505,9 @@ if ( ! function_exists('url_title'))
 					);
 
 		$str = strip_tags($str);
-
 		foreach ($trans as $key => $val)
 		{
-			$str = preg_replace("#".$key."#i", $val, $str);
+			$str = preg_replace('#'.$key.'#i', $val, $str);
 		}
 
 		if ($lowercase === TRUE)
@@ -532,18 +535,26 @@ if ( ! function_exists('url_title'))
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('redirect'))
 {
-	function redirect($uri = '', $method = 'location', $http_response_code = 302)
+	function redirect($uri = '', $method = 'auto', $http_response_code = 302)
 	{
 		if ( ! preg_match('#^https?://#i', $uri))
 		{
 			$uri = site_url($uri);
 		}
 
+		// IIS environment likely? Use 'refresh' for better compatibility
+		if (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR !== '/' && $method === 'auto')
+		{
+			$method = 'refresh';
+		}
+
 		switch($method)
 		{
-			case 'refresh'	: header("Refresh:0;url=".$uri);
+			case 'refresh':
+				header('Refresh:0;url='.$uri);
 				break;
-			default			: header("Location: ".$uri, TRUE, $http_response_code);
+			default:
+				header('Location: '.$uri, TRUE, $http_response_code);
 				break;
 		}
 		exit;
@@ -586,13 +597,12 @@ if ( ! function_exists('_parse_attributes'))
 
 		if ($javascript == TRUE AND $att != '')
 		{
-			$att = substr($att, 0, -1);
+			return substr($att, 0, -1);
 		}
 
 		return $att;
 	}
 }
 
-
 /* End of file url_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/url_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/url_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/helpers/xml_helper.php b/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
index cdd81ad70..5242193ac 100644
--- a/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/xml_helper.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Helpers
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/xml_helper.html
  */
 
@@ -44,28 +56,26 @@ if ( ! function_exists('xml_convert'))
 		// ampersands won't get messed up
 		$str = preg_replace("/&#(\d+);/", "$temp\\1;", $str);
 
-		if ($protect_all === TRUE)
+		if ($protect_all == TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = preg_replace("/&(\w+);/",  "$temp\\1;", $str);
+			$str = preg_replace('/&(\w+);/', "$temp\\1;", $str);
 		}
 
-		$str = str_replace(array("&","<",">","\"", "'", "-"),
-							array("&amp;", "&lt;", "&gt;", "&quot;", "&apos;", "&#45;"),
-							$str);
+		$str = str_replace(array('&', '<', '>', '"', "'", '-'),
+					array('&amp;', '&lt;', '&gt;', '&quot;', '&apos;', '&#45;'),
+					$str);
 
 		// Decode the temp markers back to entities
-		$str = preg_replace("/$temp(\d+);/","&#\\1;",$str);
+		$str = preg_replace('/$temp(\d+);/', '&#\\1;', $str);
 
-		if ($protect_all === TRUE)
+		if ($protect_all == TRUE)
 		{
-			$str = preg_replace("/$temp(\w+);/","&\\1;", $str);
+			return preg_replace("/$temp(\w+);/", '&\\1;', $str);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
 	}
 }
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /* End of file xml_helper.php */
-/* Location: ./system/helpers/xml_helper.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/helpers/xml_helper.php */
diff --git a/system/language/english/calendar_lang.php b/system/language/english/calendar_lang.php
index 3e6312361..bf61db039 100644
--- a/system/language/english/calendar_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/calendar_lang.php
@@ -1,4 +1,29 @@
 <?php
+/**
+ * CodeIgniter
+ *
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
+ * @package		CodeIgniter
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
+ * @link		http://codeigniter.com
+ * @since		Version 1.0
+ * @filesource
+ */
 
 $lang['cal_su']			= "Su";
 $lang['cal_mo']			= "Mo";
diff --git a/system/language/english/date_lang.php b/system/language/english/date_lang.php
index c0ace16ef..cd6cf39c4 100644
--- a/system/language/english/date_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/date_lang.php
@@ -1,4 +1,29 @@
 <?php
+/**
+ * CodeIgniter
+ *
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
+ * @package		CodeIgniter
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
+ * @link		http://codeigniter.com
+ * @since		Version 1.0
+ * @filesource
+ */
 
 $lang['date_year'] = "Year";
 $lang['date_years'] = "Years";
@@ -16,7 +41,7 @@ $lang['date_second'] = "Second";
 $lang['date_seconds'] = "Seconds";
 
 $lang['UM12']	= '(UTC -12:00) Baker/Howland Island';
-$lang['UM11']	= '(UTC -11:00) Samoa Time Zone, Niue';
+$lang['UM11']	= '(UTC -11:00) Niue';
 $lang['UM10']	= '(UTC -10:00) Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time, Cook Islands, Tahiti';
 $lang['UM95']	= '(UTC -9:30) Marquesas Islands';
 $lang['UM9']	= '(UTC -9:00) Alaska Standard Time, Gambier Islands';
@@ -33,9 +58,9 @@ $lang['UM1']	= '(UTC -1:00) Azores, Cape Verde Islands';
 $lang['UTC']	= '(UTC) Greenwich Mean Time, Western European Time';
 $lang['UP1']	= '(UTC +1:00) Central European Time, West Africa Time';
 $lang['UP2']	= '(UTC +2:00) Central Africa Time, Eastern European Time, Kaliningrad Time';
-$lang['UP3']	= '(UTC +3:00) Moscow Time, East Africa Time';
+$lang['UP3']	= '(UTC +3:00) East Africa Time, Arabia Standard Time';
 $lang['UP35']	= '(UTC +3:30) Iran Standard Time';
-$lang['UP4']	= '(UTC +4:00) Azerbaijan Standard Time, Samara Time';
+$lang['UP4']	= '(UTC +4:00) Moscow Time, Azerbaijan Standard Time';
 $lang['UP45']	= '(UTC +4:30) Afghanistan';
 $lang['UP5']	= '(UTC +5:00) Pakistan Standard Time, Yekaterinburg Time';
 $lang['UP55']	= '(UTC +5:30) Indian Standard Time, Sri Lanka Time';
@@ -53,7 +78,7 @@ $lang['UP11']	= '(UTC +11:00) Magadan Time, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu';
 $lang['UP115']	= '(UTC +11:30) Norfolk Island';
 $lang['UP12']	= '(UTC +12:00) Fiji, Gilbert Islands, Kamchatka Time, New Zealand Standard Time';
 $lang['UP1275']	= '(UTC +12:45) Chatham Islands Standard Time';
-$lang['UP13']	= '(UTC +13:00) Phoenix Islands Time, Tonga';
+$lang['UP13']	= '(UTC +13:00) Samoa Time Zone, Phoenix Islands Time, Tonga';
 $lang['UP14']	= '(UTC +14:00) Line Islands';
 
 
diff --git a/system/language/english/db_lang.php b/system/language/english/db_lang.php
index 79b82c73a..2a91597df 100644
--- a/system/language/english/db_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/db_lang.php
@@ -1,4 +1,29 @@
 <?php
+/**
+ * CodeIgniter
+ *
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
+ * @package		CodeIgniter
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
+ * @link		http://codeigniter.com
+ * @since		Version 1.0
+ * @filesource
+ */
 
 $lang['db_invalid_connection_str'] = 'Unable to determine the database settings based on the connection string you submitted.';
 $lang['db_unable_to_connect'] = 'Unable to connect to your database server using the provided settings.';
diff --git a/system/language/english/email_lang.php b/system/language/english/email_lang.php
index e3bd113cb..e0ef427a6 100644
--- a/system/language/english/email_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/email_lang.php
@@ -1,4 +1,29 @@
 <?php
+/**
+ * CodeIgniter
+ *
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
+ * @package		CodeIgniter
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
+ * @link		http://codeigniter.com
+ * @since		Version 1.0
+ * @filesource
+ */
 
 $lang['email_must_be_array'] = "The email validation method must be passed an array.";
 $lang['email_invalid_address'] = "Invalid email address: %s";
diff --git a/system/language/english/form_validation_lang.php b/system/language/english/form_validation_lang.php
index d1cf0399d..6afa37a29 100644
--- a/system/language/english/form_validation_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/form_validation_lang.php
@@ -1,4 +1,29 @@
 <?php
+/**
+ * CodeIgniter
+ *
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
+ * @package		CodeIgniter
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
+ * @link		http://codeigniter.com
+ * @since		Version 1.0
+ * @filesource
+ */
 
 $lang['required']			= "The %s field is required.";
 $lang['isset']				= "The %s field must have a value.";
diff --git a/system/language/english/ftp_lang.php b/system/language/english/ftp_lang.php
index 1e5168cf8..18ca92713 100644
--- a/system/language/english/ftp_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/ftp_lang.php
@@ -1,4 +1,29 @@
 <?php
+/**
+ * CodeIgniter
+ *
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
+ * @package		CodeIgniter
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
+ * @link		http://codeigniter.com
+ * @since		Version 1.0
+ * @filesource
+ */
 
 $lang['ftp_no_connection']			= "Unable to locate a valid connection ID. Please make sure you are connected before peforming any file routines.";
 $lang['ftp_unable_to_connect']		= "Unable to connect to your FTP server using the supplied hostname.";
diff --git a/system/language/english/imglib_lang.php b/system/language/english/imglib_lang.php
index 66505da07..fbb92abfb 100644
--- a/system/language/english/imglib_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/imglib_lang.php
@@ -1,4 +1,29 @@
 <?php
+/**
+ * CodeIgniter
+ *
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
+ * @package		CodeIgniter
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
+ * @link		http://codeigniter.com
+ * @since		Version 1.0
+ * @filesource
+ */
 
 $lang['imglib_source_image_required'] = "You must specify a source image in your preferences.";
 $lang['imglib_gd_required'] = "The GD image library is required for this feature.";
diff --git a/system/language/english/migration_lang.php b/system/language/english/migration_lang.php
index 94cb882fb..9765562b5 100644
--- a/system/language/english/migration_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/migration_lang.php
@@ -1,4 +1,29 @@
 <?php
+/**
+ * CodeIgniter
+ *
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
+ * @package		CodeIgniter
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
+ * @link		http://codeigniter.com
+ * @since		Version 3.0
+ * @filesource
+ */
 
 $lang['migration_none_found']			= "No migrations were found.";
 $lang['migration_not_found']			= "This migration could not be found.";
diff --git a/system/language/english/number_lang.php b/system/language/english/number_lang.php
index 908580914..5dfd882ed 100644
--- a/system/language/english/number_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/number_lang.php
@@ -1,4 +1,29 @@
 <?php
+/**
+ * CodeIgniter
+ *
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
+ * @package		CodeIgniter
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
+ * @link		http://codeigniter.com
+ * @since		Version 1.0
+ * @filesource
+ */
 
 $lang['terabyte_abbr'] = "TB";
 $lang['gigabyte_abbr'] = "GB";
diff --git a/system/language/english/profiler_lang.php b/system/language/english/profiler_lang.php
index 1111158c8..1d10efa76 100644
--- a/system/language/english/profiler_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/profiler_lang.php
@@ -1,4 +1,29 @@
 <?php
+/**
+ * CodeIgniter
+ *
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
+ * @package		CodeIgniter
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
+ * @link		http://codeigniter.com
+ * @since		Version 1.0
+ * @filesource
+ */
 
 $lang['profiler_database']		= 'DATABASE';
 $lang['profiler_controller_info'] = 'CLASS/METHOD';
diff --git a/system/language/english/unit_test_lang.php b/system/language/english/unit_test_lang.php
index 070bcd1f2..ed98439f4 100644
--- a/system/language/english/unit_test_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/unit_test_lang.php
@@ -1,4 +1,29 @@
 <?php
+/**
+ * CodeIgniter
+ *
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
+ * @package		CodeIgniter
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
+ * @link		http://codeigniter.com
+ * @since		Version 1.0
+ * @filesource
+ */
 
 $lang['ut_test_name']		= 'Test Name';
 $lang['ut_test_datatype']	= 'Test Datatype';
diff --git a/system/language/english/upload_lang.php b/system/language/english/upload_lang.php
index 4de9e9e74..a9a2fe74b 100644
--- a/system/language/english/upload_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/upload_lang.php
@@ -1,4 +1,29 @@
 <?php
+/**
+ * CodeIgniter
+ *
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
+ * @package		CodeIgniter
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
+ * @link		http://codeigniter.com
+ * @since		Version 1.0
+ * @filesource
+ */
 
 $lang['upload_userfile_not_set'] = "Unable to find a post variable called userfile.";
 $lang['upload_file_exceeds_limit'] = "The uploaded file exceeds the maximum allowed size in your PHP configuration file.";
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php b/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php
index 61e7aa761..2e78a6660 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php
@@ -2,30 +2,42 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 4.3.2 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2006 - 2011 EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2006 - 2012 EllisLab, Inc.
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 2.0
- * @filesource	
+ * @filesource
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
- * CodeIgniter Caching Class 
+ * CodeIgniter Caching Class
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Core
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @link		
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @link
  */
 class CI_Cache extends CI_Driver_Library {
-	
+
 	protected $valid_drivers 	= array(
 		'cache_apc', 'cache_file', 'cache_memcached', 'cache_dummy'
 	);
@@ -33,7 +45,7 @@ class CI_Cache extends CI_Driver_Library {
 	protected $_cache_path		= NULL;		// Path of cache files (if file-based cache)
 	protected $_adapter			= 'dummy';
 	protected $_backup_driver;
-	
+
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -52,16 +64,16 @@ class CI_Cache extends CI_Driver_Library {
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Get 
+	 * Get
 	 *
-	 * Look for a value in the cache.  If it exists, return the data 
+	 * Look for a value in the cache.  If it exists, return the data
 	 * if not, return FALSE
 	 *
-	 * @param 	string	
+	 * @param 	string
 	 * @return 	mixed		value that is stored/FALSE on failure
 	 */
 	public function get($id)
-	{	
+	{
 		return $this->{$this->_adapter}->get($id);
 	}
 
@@ -112,7 +124,7 @@ class CI_Cache extends CI_Driver_Library {
 	 * Cache Info
 	 *
 	 * @param 	string		user/filehits
-	 * @return 	mixed		array on success, false on failure	
+	 * @return 	mixed		array on success, false on failure
 	 */
 	public function cache_info($type = 'user')
 	{
@@ -120,7 +132,7 @@ class CI_Cache extends CI_Driver_Library {
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Get Cache Metadata
 	 *
@@ -131,7 +143,7 @@ class CI_Cache extends CI_Driver_Library {
 	{
 		return $this->{$this->_adapter}->get_metadata($id);
 	}
-	
+
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -139,11 +151,11 @@ class CI_Cache extends CI_Driver_Library {
 	 *
 	 * Initialize class properties based on the configuration array.
 	 *
-	 * @param	array 	
+	 * @param	array
 	 * @return 	void
 	 */
 	private function _initialize($config)
-	{        
+	{
 		$default_config = array(
 				'adapter',
 				'memcached'
@@ -207,10 +219,10 @@ class CI_Cache extends CI_Driver_Library {
 
 		return $obj;
 	}
-	
+
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 }
 // End Class
 
 /* End of file Cache.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/Cache.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php
index de75719c4..a3dd46978 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php
@@ -4,36 +4,48 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2006 - 2011 EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2006 - 2012 EllisLab, Inc.
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 2.0
- * @filesource	
+ * @filesource
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
- * CodeIgniter APC Caching Class 
+ * CodeIgniter APC Caching Class
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Core
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @link		
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @link
  */
 
 class CI_Cache_apc extends CI_Driver {
 
 	/**
-	 * Get 
+	 * Get
 	 *
-	 * Look for a value in the cache.  If it exists, return the data 
+	 * Look for a value in the cache.  If it exists, return the data
 	 * if not, return FALSE
 	 *
-	 * @param 	string	
+	 * @param 	string
 	 * @return 	mixed		value that is stored/FALSE on failure
 	 */
 	public function get($id)
@@ -43,8 +55,8 @@ class CI_Cache_apc extends CI_Driver {
 		return (is_array($data)) ? $data[0] : FALSE;
 	}
 
-	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------	
-	
+	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	/**
 	 * Cache Save
 	 *
@@ -56,9 +68,10 @@ class CI_Cache_apc extends CI_Driver {
 	 */
 	public function save($id, $data, $ttl = 60)
 	{
+		$ttl = (int) $ttl;
 		return apc_store($id, array($data, time(), $ttl), $ttl);
 	}
-	
+
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -90,7 +103,7 @@ class CI_Cache_apc extends CI_Driver {
 	 * Cache Info
 	 *
 	 * @param 	string		user/filehits
-	 * @return 	mixed		array on success, false on failure	
+	 * @return 	mixed		array on success, false on failure
 	 */
 	 public function cache_info($type = NULL)
 	 {
@@ -132,20 +145,20 @@ class CI_Cache_apc extends CI_Driver {
 	 */
 	public function is_supported()
 	{
-		if ( ! extension_loaded('apc') OR ! function_exists('apc_store'))
+		if ( ! extension_loaded('apc') OR ini_get('apc.enabled') != "1")
 		{
 			log_message('error', 'The APC PHP extension must be loaded to use APC Cache.');
 			return FALSE;
 		}
-		
+
 		return TRUE;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-	
+
 }
 // End Class
 
 /* End of file Cache_apc.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_apc.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php
index f96a68e27..fcd55da39 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php
@@ -2,12 +2,24 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 4.3.2 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2006 - 2011 EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2006 - 2012 EllisLab, Inc.
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 2.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Core
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link
  */
 
@@ -126,4 +138,4 @@ class CI_Cache_dummy extends CI_Driver {
 // End Class
 
 /* End of file Cache_dummy.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_dummy.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
index 2a89faf09..a960730d7 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_file.php
@@ -2,27 +2,39 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 4.3.2 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2006 - 2011 EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2006 - 2012 EllisLab, Inc.
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 2.0
- * @filesource	
+ * @filesource
  */
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /**
- * CodeIgniter Memcached Caching Class 
+ * CodeIgniter Memcached Caching Class
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Core
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @link		
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @link
  */
 
 class CI_Cache_file extends CI_Driver {
@@ -36,9 +48,7 @@ class CI_Cache_file extends CI_Driver {
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 		$CI->load->helper('file');
-		
 		$path = $CI->config->item('cache_path');
-	
 		$this->_cache_path = ($path == '') ? APPPATH.'cache/' : $path;
 	}
 
@@ -56,16 +66,15 @@ class CI_Cache_file extends CI_Driver {
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
-		
-		$data = read_file($this->_cache_path.$id);
-		$data = unserialize($data);
-		
+
+		$data = unserialize(read_file($this->_cache_path.$id));
+
 		if (time() >  $data['time'] + $data['ttl'])
 		{
 			unlink($this->_cache_path.$id);
 			return FALSE;
 		}
-		
+
 		return $data['data'];
 	}
 
@@ -76,22 +85,22 @@ class CI_Cache_file extends CI_Driver {
 	 *
 	 * @param 	string		unique key
 	 * @param 	mixed		data to store
-	 * @param 	int			length of time (in seconds) the cache is valid 
+	 * @param 	int			length of time (in seconds) the cache is valid
 	 *						- Default is 60 seconds
 	 * @return 	boolean		true on success/false on failure
 	 */
 	public function save($id, $data, $ttl = 60)
-	{		
+	{
 		$contents = array(
 				'time'		=> time(),
-				'ttl'		=> $ttl,			
+				'ttl'		=> $ttl,
 				'data'		=> $data
 			);
-		
+
 		if (write_file($this->_cache_path.$id, serialize($contents)))
 		{
-			@chmod($this->_cache_path.$id, 0777);
-			return TRUE;			
+			@chmod($this->_cache_path.$id, 0660);
+			return TRUE;
 		}
 
 		return FALSE;
@@ -107,14 +116,7 @@ class CI_Cache_file extends CI_Driver {
 	 */
 	public function delete($id)
 	{
-		if (file_exists($this->_cache_path.$id))
-		{
-			return unlink($this->_cache_path.$id);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
+		return (file_exists($this->_cache_path.$id)) ? unlink($this->_cache_path.$id) : FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ class CI_Cache_file extends CI_Driver {
 	 * Clean the Cache
 	 *
 	 * @return 	boolean		false on failure/true on success
-	 */	
+	 */
 	public function clean()
 	{
 		return delete_files($this->_cache_path);
@@ -158,10 +160,9 @@ class CI_Cache_file extends CI_Driver {
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
-		
-		$data = read_file($this->_cache_path.$id);		
-		$data = unserialize($data);
-		
+
+		$data = unserialize(read_file($this->_cache_path.$id));
+
 		if (is_array($data))
 		{
 			$mtime = filemtime($this->_cache_path.$id);
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ class CI_Cache_file extends CI_Driver {
 				'mtime'	 => $mtime
 			);
 		}
-		
+
 		return FALSE;
 	}
 
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ class CI_Cache_file extends CI_Driver {
 	 * Is supported
 	 *
 	 * In the file driver, check to see that the cache directory is indeed writable
-	 * 
+	 *
 	 * @return boolean
 	 */
 	public function is_supported()
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php
index 95bdcb350..ffe6f2ff7 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php
@@ -2,12 +2,24 @@
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 4.3.2 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2006 - 2011 EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2006 - 2012 EllisLab, Inc.
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 2.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Core
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link
  */
 
@@ -72,7 +84,7 @@ class CI_Cache_memcached extends CI_Driver {
 		{
 			return $this->_memcached->set($id, array($data, time(), $ttl), 0, $ttl);
 		}
-		
+
 		return FALSE;
 	}
 
@@ -244,4 +256,4 @@ class CI_Cache_memcached extends CI_Driver {
 // End Class
 
 /* End of file Cache_memcached.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cache/drivers/Cache_memcached.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Calendar.php b/system/libraries/Calendar.php
index df0fd6eeb..a05a7babf 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Calendar.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Calendar.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -23,20 +35,20 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/calendar.html
  */
 class CI_Calendar {
 
-	var $CI;
-	var $lang;
-	var $local_time;
-	var $template		= '';
-	var $start_day		= 'sunday';
-	var $month_type		= 'long';
-	var $day_type		= 'abr';
-	var $show_next_prev	= FALSE;
-	var $next_prev_url	= '';
+	private $CI;
+	public $lang;
+	public $local_time;
+	public $template		= '';
+	public $start_day		= 'sunday';
+	public $month_type		= 'long';
+	public $day_type		= 'abr';
+	public $show_next_prev	= FALSE;
+	public $next_prev_url	= '';
 
 	/**
 	 * Constructor
@@ -73,7 +85,7 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 	 * @param	array	config preferences
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function initialize($config = array())
+	public function initialize($config = array())
 	{
 		foreach ($config as $key => $val)
 		{
@@ -95,23 +107,30 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 	 * @param	array	the data to be shown in the calendar cells
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function generate($year = '', $month = '', $data = array())
+	public function generate($year = '', $month = '', $data = array())
 	{
 		// Set and validate the supplied month/year
 		if ($year == '')
-			$year  = date("Y", $this->local_time);
-
-		if ($month == '')
-			$month = date("m", $this->local_time);
-
-		if (strlen($year) == 1)
+		{
+			$year  = date('Y', $this->local_time);
+		}
+		elseif (strlen($year) === 1)
+		{
 			$year = '200'.$year;
-
-		if (strlen($year) == 2)
+		}
+		elseif (strlen($year) === 2)
+		{
 			$year = '20'.$year;
+		}
 
-		if (strlen($month) == 1)
+		if ($month == '')
+		{
+			$month = date('m', $this->local_time);
+		}
+		elseif (strlen($month) === 1)
+		{
 			$month = '0'.$month;
+		}
 
 		$adjusted_date = $this->adjust_date($month, $year);
 
@@ -137,9 +156,9 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 
 		// Set the current month/year/day
 		// We use this to determine the "today" date
-		$cur_year	= date("Y", $this->local_time);
-		$cur_month	= date("m", $this->local_time);
-		$cur_day	= date("j", $this->local_time);
+		$cur_year	= date('Y', $this->local_time);
+		$cur_month	= date('m', $this->local_time);
+		$cur_day	= date('j', $this->local_time);
 
 		$is_current_month = ($cur_year == $year AND $cur_month == $month) ? TRUE : FALSE;
 
@@ -147,12 +166,7 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 		$this->parse_template();
 
 		// Begin building the calendar output
-		$out = $this->temp['table_open'];
-		$out .= "\n";
-
-		$out .= "\n";
-		$out .= $this->temp['heading_row_start'];
-		$out .= "\n";
+		$out = $this->temp['table_open']."\n\n".$this->temp['heading_row_start']."\n";
 
 		// "previous" month link
 		if ($this->show_next_prev == TRUE)
@@ -161,18 +175,16 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 			$this->next_prev_url = preg_replace("/(.+?)\/*$/", "\\1/",  $this->next_prev_url);
 
 			$adjusted_date = $this->adjust_date($month - 1, $year);
-			$out .= str_replace('{previous_url}', $this->next_prev_url.$adjusted_date['year'].'/'.$adjusted_date['month'], $this->temp['heading_previous_cell']);
-			$out .= "\n";
+			$out .= str_replace('{previous_url}', $this->next_prev_url.$adjusted_date['year'].'/'.$adjusted_date['month'], $this->temp['heading_previous_cell'])."\n";
 		}
 
 		// Heading containing the month/year
 		$colspan = ($this->show_next_prev == TRUE) ? 5 : 7;
 
-		$this->temp['heading_title_cell'] = str_replace('{colspan}', $colspan, $this->temp['heading_title_cell']);
-		$this->temp['heading_title_cell'] = str_replace('{heading}', $this->get_month_name($month)."&nbsp;".$year, $this->temp['heading_title_cell']);
+		$this->temp['heading_title_cell'] = str_replace('{colspan}', $colspan,
+								str_replace('{heading}', $this->get_month_name($month).'&nbsp;'.$year, $this->temp['heading_title_cell']));
 
-		$out .= $this->temp['heading_title_cell'];
-		$out .= "\n";
+		$out .= $this->temp['heading_title_cell']."\n";
 
 		// "next" month link
 		if ($this->show_next_prev == TRUE)
@@ -181,14 +193,9 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 			$out .= str_replace('{next_url}', $this->next_prev_url.$adjusted_date['year'].'/'.$adjusted_date['month'], $this->temp['heading_next_cell']);
 		}
 
-		$out .= "\n";
-		$out .= $this->temp['heading_row_end'];
-		$out .= "\n";
-
-		// Write the cells containing the days of the week
-		$out .= "\n";
-		$out .= $this->temp['week_row_start'];
-		$out .= "\n";
+		$out .= "\n".$this->temp['heading_row_end']."\n\n"
+			// Write the cells containing the days of the week
+			.$this->temp['week_row_start']."\n";
 
 		$day_names = $this->get_day_names();
 
@@ -197,33 +204,31 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 			$out .= str_replace('{week_day}', $day_names[($start_day + $i) %7], $this->temp['week_day_cell']);
 		}
 
-		$out .= "\n";
-		$out .= $this->temp['week_row_end'];
-		$out .= "\n";
+		$out .= "\n".$this->temp['week_row_end']."\n";
 
 		// Build the main body of the calendar
 		while ($day <= $total_days)
 		{
-			$out .= "\n";
-			$out .= $this->temp['cal_row_start'];
-			$out .= "\n";
+			$out .= "\n".$this->temp['cal_row_start']."\n";
 
 			for ($i = 0; $i < 7; $i++)
 			{
-				$out .= ($is_current_month == TRUE AND $day == $cur_day) ? $this->temp['cal_cell_start_today'] : $this->temp['cal_cell_start'];
+				$out .= ($is_current_month === TRUE AND $day == $cur_day) ? $this->temp['cal_cell_start_today'] : $this->temp['cal_cell_start'];
 
 				if ($day > 0 AND $day <= $total_days)
 				{
 					if (isset($data[$day]))
 					{
 						// Cells with content
-						$temp = ($is_current_month == TRUE AND $day == $cur_day) ? $this->temp['cal_cell_content_today'] : $this->temp['cal_cell_content'];
-						$out .= str_replace('{day}', $day, str_replace('{content}', $data[$day], $temp));
+						$temp = ($is_current_month === TRUE AND $day == $cur_day) ?
+								$this->temp['cal_cell_content_today'] : $this->temp['cal_cell_content'];
+						$out .= str_replace(array('{content}', '{day}'), array($data[$day], $day), $temp);
 					}
 					else
 					{
 						// Cells with no content
-						$temp = ($is_current_month == TRUE AND $day == $cur_day) ? $this->temp['cal_cell_no_content_today'] : $this->temp['cal_cell_no_content'];
+						$temp = ($is_current_month === TRUE AND $day == $cur_day) ?
+								$this->temp['cal_cell_no_content_today'] : $this->temp['cal_cell_no_content'];
 						$out .= str_replace('{day}', $day, $temp);
 					}
 				}
@@ -233,17 +238,14 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 					$out .= $this->temp['cal_cell_blank'];
 				}
 
-				$out .= ($is_current_month == TRUE AND $day == $cur_day) ? $this->temp['cal_cell_end_today'] : $this->temp['cal_cell_end'];					
+				$out .= ($is_current_month === TRUE AND $day == $cur_day) ? $this->temp['cal_cell_end_today'] : $this->temp['cal_cell_end'];
 				$day++;
 			}
 
-			$out .= "\n";
-			$out .= $this->temp['cal_row_end'];
-			$out .= "\n";
+			$out .= "\n".$this->temp['cal_row_end']."\n";
 		}
 
-		$out .= "\n";
-		$out .= $this->temp['table_close'];
+		$out .= "\n".$this->temp['table_close'];
 
 		return $out;
 	}
@@ -260,7 +262,7 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 	 * @param	integer	the month
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function get_month_name($month)
+	public function get_month_name($month)
 	{
 		if ($this->month_type == 'short')
 		{
@@ -275,7 +277,7 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 
 		if ($this->CI->lang->line($month) === FALSE)
 		{
-			return ucfirst(str_replace('cal_', '', $month));
+			return ucfirst(substr($month, 4));
 		}
 
 		return $this->CI->lang->line($month);
@@ -293,10 +295,12 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function get_day_names($day_type = '')
+	public function get_day_names($day_type = '')
 	{
 		if ($day_type != '')
+		{
 			$this->day_type = $day_type;
+		}
 
 		if ($this->day_type == 'long')
 		{
@@ -312,9 +316,9 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 		}
 
 		$days = array();
-		foreach ($day_names as $val)
+		for ($i = 0, $c = count($day_names); $i < $c; $i++)
 		{
-			$days[] = ($this->CI->lang->line('cal_'.$val) === FALSE) ? ucfirst($val) : $this->CI->lang->line('cal_'.$val);
+			$days[] = ($this->CI->lang->line('cal_'.$day_names[$i]) === FALSE) ? ucfirst($day_names[$i]) : $this->CI->lang->line('cal_'.$day_names[$i]);
 		}
 
 		return $days;
@@ -334,7 +338,7 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 	 * @param	integer	the year
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function adjust_date($month, $year)
+	public function adjust_date($month, $year)
 	{
 		$date = array();
 
@@ -353,7 +357,7 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 			$date['year']--;
 		}
 
-		if (strlen($date['month']) == 1)
+		if (strlen($date['month']) === 1)
 		{
 			$date['month'] = '0'.$date['month'];
 		}
@@ -371,7 +375,7 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 	 * @param	integer	the year
 	 * @return	integer
 	 */
-	function get_total_days($month, $year)
+	public function get_total_days($month, $year)
 	{
 		$days_in_month	= array(31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31);
 
@@ -402,7 +406,7 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 	 * @access	public
 	 * @return array
 	 */
-	function default_template()
+	public function default_template()
 	{
 		return  array (
 						'table_open'				=> '<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">',
@@ -440,7 +444,7 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function parse_template()
+	public function parse_template()
 	{
 		$this->temp = $this->default_template();
 
@@ -455,14 +459,11 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 		{
 			if (preg_match("/\{".$val."\}(.*?)\{\/".$val."\}/si", $this->template, $match))
 			{
-				$this->temp[$val] = $match['1'];
+				$this->temp[$val] = $match[1];
 			}
-			else
+			elseif (in_array($val, $today, TRUE))
 			{
-				if (in_array($val, $today, TRUE))
-				{
-					$this->temp[$val] = $this->temp[str_replace('_today', '', $val)];
-				}
+				$this->temp[$val] = $this->temp[substr($val, 0, -6)];
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -472,4 +473,4 @@ class CI_Calendar {
 // END CI_Calendar class
 
 /* End of file Calendar.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Calendar.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Calendar.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Cart.php b/system/libraries/Cart.php
index ab5a70c98..10b5362a5 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Cart.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Cart.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2006 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2006 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,18 +33,19 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Shopping Cart
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/cart.html
  */
 class CI_Cart {
 
 	// These are the regular expression rules that we use to validate the product ID and product name
-	var $product_id_rules	= '\.a-z0-9_-'; // alpha-numeric, dashes, underscores, or periods
-	var $product_name_rules	= '\.\:\-_ a-z0-9'; // alpha-numeric, dashes, underscores, colons or periods
+	public $product_id_rules	= '\.a-z0-9_-'; // alpha-numeric, dashes, underscores, or periods
+	public $product_name_rules	= '\.\:\-_ a-z0-9'; // alpha-numeric, dashes, underscores, colons or periods
+	public $product_name_safe  = true; // only allow safe product names
 
 	// Private variables.  Do not change!
-	var $CI;
-	var $_cart_contents	= array();
+	private $CI;
+	private $_cart_contents	= array();
 
 
 	/**
@@ -46,28 +59,17 @@ class CI_Cart {
 		$this->CI =& get_instance();
 
 		// Are any config settings being passed manually?  If so, set them
-		$config = array();
-		if (count($params) > 0)
-		{
-			foreach ($params as $key => $val)
-			{
-				$config[$key] = $val;
-			}
-		}
+		$config = is_array($params) ? $params : array();
 
 		// Load the Sessions class
 		$this->CI->load->library('session', $config);
 
-		// Grab the shopping cart array from the session table, if it exists
-		if ($this->CI->session->userdata('cart_contents') !== FALSE)
-		{
-			$this->_cart_contents = $this->CI->session->userdata('cart_contents');
-		}
-		else
+		// Grab the shopping cart array from the session table
+		$this->_cart_contents = $this->CI->session->userdata('cart_contents');
+		if ($this->_cart_contents === FALSE)
 		{
 			// No cart exists so we'll set some base values
-			$this->_cart_contents['cart_total'] = 0;
-			$this->_cart_contents['total_items'] = 0;
+			$this->_cart_contents = array('cart_total' => 0, 'total_items' => 0);
 		}
 
 		log_message('debug', "Cart Class Initialized");
@@ -82,10 +84,10 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function insert($items = array())
+	public function insert($items = array())
 	{
 		// Was any cart data passed? No? Bah...
-		if ( ! is_array($items) OR count($items) == 0)
+		if ( ! is_array($items) OR count($items) === 0)
 		{
 			log_message('error', 'The insert method must be passed an array containing data.');
 			return FALSE;
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 		}
 
 		// Save the cart data if the insert was successful
-		if ($save_cart == TRUE)
+		if ($save_cart === TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->_save_cart();
 			return isset($rowid) ? $rowid : TRUE;
@@ -137,10 +139,10 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _insert($items = array())
+	private function _insert($items = array())
 	{
 		// Was any cart data passed? No? Bah...
-		if ( ! is_array($items) OR count($items) == 0)
+		if ( ! is_array($items) OR count($items) === 0)
 		{
 			log_message('error', 'The insert method must be passed an array containing data.');
 			return FALSE;
@@ -157,10 +159,8 @@ class CI_Cart {
 
 		// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-		// Prep the quantity. It can only be a number.  Duh...
-		$items['qty'] = trim(preg_replace('/([^0-9])/i', '', $items['qty']));
-		// Trim any leading zeros
-		$items['qty'] = trim(preg_replace('/(^[0]+)/i', '', $items['qty']));
+		// Prep the quantity. It can only be a number.  Duh... also trim any leading zeros
+		$items['qty'] = (float) $items['qty'];
 
 		// If the quantity is zero or blank there's nothing for us to do
 		if ( ! is_numeric($items['qty']) OR $items['qty'] == 0)
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 		// Validate the product ID. It can only be alpha-numeric, dashes, underscores or periods
 		// Not totally sure we should impose this rule, but it seems prudent to standardize IDs.
 		// Note: These can be user-specified by setting the $this->product_id_rules variable.
-		if ( ! preg_match("/^[".$this->product_id_rules."]+$/i", $items['id']))
+		if ( ! preg_match('/^['.$this->product_id_rules.']+$/i', $items['id']))
 		{
 			log_message('error', 'Invalid product ID.  The product ID can only contain alpha-numeric characters, dashes, and underscores');
 			return FALSE;
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 
 		// Validate the product name. It can only be alpha-numeric, dashes, underscores, colons or periods.
 		// Note: These can be user-specified by setting the $this->product_name_rules variable.
-		if ( ! preg_match("/^[".$this->product_name_rules."]+$/i", $items['name']))
+		if ($this->product_name_safe && ! preg_match('/^['.$this->product_name_rules.']+$/i', $items['name']))
 		{
 			log_message('error', 'An invalid name was submitted as the product name: '.$items['name'].' The name can only contain alpha-numeric characters, dashes, underscores, colons, and spaces');
 			return FALSE;
@@ -191,10 +191,8 @@ class CI_Cart {
 
 		// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-		// Prep the price.  Remove anything that isn't a number or decimal point.
-		$items['price'] = trim(preg_replace('/([^0-9\.])/i', '', $items['price']));
-		// Trim any leading zeros
-		$items['price'] = trim(preg_replace('/(^[0]+)/i', '', $items['price']));
+		// Prep the price. Remove leading zeros and anything that isn't a number or decimal point.
+		$items['price'] = (float) $items['price'];
 
 		// Is the price a valid number?
 		if ( ! is_numeric($items['price']))
@@ -230,20 +228,14 @@ class CI_Cart {
 		// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 		// Now that we have our unique "row ID", we'll add our cart items to the master array
+		// grab quantity if it's already there and add it on
+		$old_quantity = isset($this->_cart_contents[$rowid]['qty']) ? (int) $this->_cart_contents[$rowid]['qty'] : 0;
 
-		// let's unset this first, just to make sure our index contains only the data from this submission
-		unset($this->_cart_contents[$rowid]);
-
-		// Create a new index with our new row ID
-		$this->_cart_contents[$rowid]['rowid'] = $rowid;
+		// Re-create the entry, just to make sure our index contains only the data from this submission
+		$items['rowid'] = $rowid;
+		$items['qty'] += $old_quantity;
+		$this->_cart_contents[$rowid] = $items;
 
-		// And add the new items to the cart array
-		foreach ($items as $key => $val)
-		{
-			$this->_cart_contents[$rowid][$key] = $val;
-		}
-
-		// Woot!
 		return $rowid;
 	}
 
@@ -262,10 +254,10 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function update($items = array())
+	public function update($items = array())
 	{
 		// Was any cart data passed?
-		if ( ! is_array($items) OR count($items) == 0)
+		if ( ! is_array($items) OR count($items) === 0)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -275,9 +267,9 @@ class CI_Cart {
 		// determine the array type is by looking for a required array key named "id".
 		// If it's not found we assume it's a multi-dimensional array
 		$save_cart = FALSE;
-		if (isset($items['rowid']) AND isset($items['qty']))
+		if (isset($items['rowid'], $items['qty']))
 		{
-			if ($this->_update($items) == TRUE)
+			if ($this->_update($items) === TRUE)
 			{
 				$save_cart = TRUE;
 			}
@@ -286,9 +278,9 @@ class CI_Cart {
 		{
 			foreach ($items as $val)
 			{
-				if (is_array($val) AND isset($val['rowid']) AND isset($val['qty']))
+				if (is_array($val) && isset($val['rowid'], $val['qty']))
 				{
-					if ($this->_update($val) == TRUE)
+					if ($this->_update($val) === TRUE)
 					{
 						$save_cart = TRUE;
 					}
@@ -297,7 +289,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 		}
 
 		// Save the cart data if the insert was successful
-		if ($save_cart == TRUE)
+		if ($save_cart === TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->_save_cart();
 			return TRUE;
@@ -320,7 +312,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _update($items = array())
+	private function _update($items = array())
 	{
 		// Without these array indexes there is nothing we can do
 		if ( ! isset($items['qty']) OR ! isset($items['rowid']) OR ! isset($this->_cart_contents[$items['rowid']]))
@@ -329,7 +321,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 		}
 
 		// Prep the quantity
-		$items['qty'] = preg_replace('/([^0-9])/i', '', $items['qty']);
+		$items['qty'] = (float) $items['qty'];
 
 		// Is the quantity a number?
 		if ( ! is_numeric($items['qty']))
@@ -337,13 +329,6 @@ class CI_Cart {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		// Is the new quantity different than what is already saved in the cart?
-		// If it's the same there's nothing to do
-		if ($this->_cart_contents[$items['rowid']]['qty'] == $items['qty'])
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
 		// Is the quantity zero?  If so we will remove the item from the cart.
 		// If the quantity is greater than zero we are updating
 		if ($items['qty'] == 0)
@@ -366,15 +351,10 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _save_cart()
+	private function _save_cart()
 	{
-		// Unset these so our total can be calculated correctly below
-		unset($this->_cart_contents['total_items']);
-		unset($this->_cart_contents['cart_total']);
-
 		// Lets add up the individual prices and set the cart sub-total
-		$total = 0;
-		$items = 0;
+		$this->_cart_contents['total_items'] = $this->_cart_contents['cart_total'] = 0;
 		foreach ($this->_cart_contents as $key => $val)
 		{
 			// We make sure the array contains the proper indexes
@@ -383,17 +363,11 @@ class CI_Cart {
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			$total += ($val['price'] * $val['qty']);
-			$items += $val['qty'];
-
-			// Set the subtotal
+			$this->_cart_contents['cart_total'] += ($val['price'] * $val['qty']);
+			$this->_cart_contents['total_items'] += $val['qty'];
 			$this->_cart_contents[$key]['subtotal'] = ($this->_cart_contents[$key]['price'] * $this->_cart_contents[$key]['qty']);
 		}
 
-		// Set the cart total and total items.
-		$this->_cart_contents['total_items'] = $items;
-		$this->_cart_contents['cart_total'] = $total;
-
 		// Is our cart empty?  If so we delete it from the session
 		if (count($this->_cart_contents) <= 2)
 		{
@@ -419,7 +393,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	integer
 	 */
-	function total()
+	public function total()
 	{
 		return $this->_cart_contents['cart_total'];
 	}
@@ -427,6 +401,24 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	 * Remove Item
+	 *
+	 * Removes an item from the cart
+	 *
+	 * @access	public
+	 * @return	boolean
+	 */
+	 public function remove($rowid)
+	 {
+		// unset & save
+		unset($this->_cart_contents[$rowid]);
+		$this->_save_cart();
+		return TRUE;
+	 }
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	 * Total Items
 	 *
 	 * Returns the total item count
@@ -434,7 +426,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	integer
 	 */
-	function total_items()
+	public function total_items()
 	{
 		return $this->_cart_contents['total_items'];
 	}
@@ -449,9 +441,10 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function contents()
+	public function contents($newest_first = FALSE)
 	{
-		$cart = $this->_cart_contents;
+		// do we want the newest first?
+		$cart = ($newest_first) ? array_reverse($this->_cart_contents) : $this->_cart_contents;
 
 		// Remove these so they don't create a problem when showing the cart table
 		unset($cart['total_items']);
@@ -469,16 +462,11 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	 * that has options associated with it.
 	 *
 	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	array
+	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function has_options($rowid = '')
+	public function has_options($rowid = '')
 	{
-		if ( ! isset($this->_cart_contents[$rowid]['options']) OR count($this->_cart_contents[$rowid]['options']) === 0)
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		return TRUE;
+		return (isset($this->_cart_contents[$rowid]['options']) && count($this->_cart_contents[$rowid]['options']) !== 0) ? TRUE : FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -491,14 +479,9 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function product_options($rowid = '')
+	public function product_options($rowid = '')
 	{
-		if ( ! isset($this->_cart_contents[$rowid]['options']))
-		{
-			return array();
-		}
-
-		return $this->_cart_contents[$rowid]['options'];
+		return isset($this->_cart_contents[$rowid]['options']) ? $this->_cart_contents[$rowid]['options'] : array();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -509,9 +492,9 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	 * Returns the supplied number with commas and a decimal point.
 	 *
 	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	integer
+	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function format_number($n = '')
+	public function format_number($n = '')
 	{
 		if ($n == '')
 		{
@@ -519,7 +502,7 @@ class CI_Cart {
 		}
 
 		// Remove anything that isn't a number or decimal point.
-		$n = trim(preg_replace('/([^0-9\.])/i', '', $n));
+		$n = (float) $n;
 
 		return number_format($n, 2, '.', ',');
 	}
@@ -532,15 +515,11 @@ class CI_Cart {
 	 * Empties the cart and kills the session
 	 *
 	 * @access	public
-	 * @return	null
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function destroy()
+	public function destroy()
 	{
-		unset($this->_cart_contents);
-
-		$this->_cart_contents['cart_total'] = 0;
-		$this->_cart_contents['total_items'] = 0;
-
+		$this->_cart_contents = array('cart_total' => 0, 'total_items' => 0);
 		$this->CI->session->unset_userdata('cart_contents');
 	}
 
@@ -549,4 +528,4 @@ class CI_Cart {
 // END Cart Class
 
 /* End of file Cart.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cart.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Cart.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Driver.php b/system/libraries/Driver.php
index 9881c1eec..4e8944311 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Driver.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Driver.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2006 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2006 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -34,7 +46,7 @@ class CI_Driver_Library {
 
 	// The first time a child is used it won't exist, so we instantiate it
 	// subsequents calls will go straight to the proper child.
-	function __get($child)
+	public function __get($child)
 	{
 		if ( ! isset($this->lib_name))
 		{
@@ -43,11 +55,11 @@ class CI_Driver_Library {
 
 		// The class will be prefixed with the parent lib
 		$child_class = $this->lib_name.'_'.$child;
-	
+
 		// Remove the CI_ prefix and lowercase
 		$lib_name = ucfirst(strtolower(str_replace('CI_', '', $this->lib_name)));
 		$driver_name = strtolower(str_replace('CI_', '', $child_class));
-		
+
 		if (in_array($driver_name, array_map('strtolower', $this->valid_drivers)))
 		{
 			// check and see if the driver is in a separate file
@@ -64,7 +76,7 @@ class CI_Driver_Library {
 						if (file_exists($filepath))
 						{
 							include_once $filepath;
-							break;
+							break 2;
 						}
 					}
 				}
@@ -107,6 +119,7 @@ class CI_Driver_Library {
  * @link
  */
 class CI_Driver {
+
 	protected $parent;
 
 	private $methods = array();
@@ -226,4 +239,4 @@ class CI_Driver {
 // END CI_Driver CLASS
 
 /* End of file Driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Driver.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Email.php b/system/libraries/Email.php
index ef20e1978..922107e9f 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Email.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Email.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -23,59 +35,59 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/email.html
  */
 class CI_Email {
 
-	var	$useragent		= "CodeIgniter";
-	var	$mailpath		= "/usr/sbin/sendmail";	// Sendmail path
-	var	$protocol		= "mail";	// mail/sendmail/smtp
-	var	$smtp_host		= "";		// SMTP Server.  Example: mail.earthlink.net
-	var	$smtp_user		= "";		// SMTP Username
-	var	$smtp_pass		= "";		// SMTP Password
-	var	$smtp_port		= "25";		// SMTP Port
-	var	$smtp_timeout	= 5;		// SMTP Timeout in seconds
-	var	$smtp_crypto	= "";		// SMTP Encryption. Can be null, tls or ssl.
-	var	$wordwrap		= TRUE;		// TRUE/FALSE  Turns word-wrap on/off
-	var	$wrapchars		= "76";		// Number of characters to wrap at.
-	var	$mailtype		= "text";	// text/html  Defines email formatting
-	var	$charset		= "utf-8";	// Default char set: iso-8859-1 or us-ascii
-	var	$multipart		= "mixed";	// "mixed" (in the body) or "related" (separate)
-	var $alt_message	= '';		// Alternative message for HTML emails
-	var	$validate		= FALSE;	// TRUE/FALSE.  Enables email validation
-	var	$priority		= "3";		// Default priority (1 - 5)
-	var	$newline		= "\n";		// Default newline. "\r\n" or "\n" (Use "\r\n" to comply with RFC 822)
-	var $crlf			= "\n";		// The RFC 2045 compliant CRLF for quoted-printable is "\r\n".  Apparently some servers,
+	public $useragent		= "CodeIgniter";
+	public $mailpath		= "/usr/sbin/sendmail";	// Sendmail path
+	public $protocol		= "mail";	// mail/sendmail/smtp
+	public $smtp_host		= "";		// SMTP Server.  Example: mail.earthlink.net
+	public $smtp_user		= "";		// SMTP Username
+	public $smtp_pass		= "";		// SMTP Password
+	public $smtp_port		= "25";		// SMTP Port
+	public $smtp_timeout	= 5;		// SMTP Timeout in seconds
+	public $smtp_crypto	= "";		// SMTP Encryption. Can be null, tls or ssl.
+	public $wordwrap		= TRUE;		// TRUE/FALSE  Turns word-wrap on/off
+	public $wrapchars		= "76";		// Number of characters to wrap at.
+	public $mailtype		= "text";	// text/html  Defines email formatting
+	public $charset		= "utf-8";	// Default char set: iso-8859-1 or us-ascii
+	public $multipart		= "mixed";	// "mixed" (in the body) or "related" (separate)
+	public $alt_message	= '';		// Alternative message for HTML emails
+	public $validate		= FALSE;	// TRUE/FALSE.  Enables email validation
+	public $priority		= "3";		// Default priority (1 - 5)
+	public $newline		= "\n";		// Default newline. "\r\n" or "\n" (Use "\r\n" to comply with RFC 822)
+	public $crlf			= "\n";		// The RFC 2045 compliant CRLF for quoted-printable is "\r\n".  Apparently some servers,
 									// even on the receiving end think they need to muck with CRLFs, so using "\n", while
 									// distasteful, is the only thing that seems to work for all environments.
-	var $send_multipart	= TRUE;		// TRUE/FALSE - Yahoo does not like multipart alternative, so this is an override.  Set to FALSE for Yahoo.
-	var	$bcc_batch_mode	= FALSE;	// TRUE/FALSE  Turns on/off Bcc batch feature
-	var	$bcc_batch_size	= 200;		// If bcc_batch_mode = TRUE, sets max number of Bccs in each batch
-	var $_safe_mode		= FALSE;
-	var	$_subject		= "";
-	var	$_body			= "";
-	var	$_finalbody		= "";
-	var	$_alt_boundary	= "";
-	var	$_atc_boundary	= "";
-	var	$_header_str	= "";
-	var	$_smtp_connect	= "";
-	var	$_encoding		= "8bit";
-	var $_IP			= FALSE;
-	var	$_smtp_auth		= FALSE;
-	var $_replyto_flag	= FALSE;
-	var	$_debug_msg		= array();
-	var	$_recipients	= array();
-	var	$_cc_array		= array();
-	var	$_bcc_array		= array();
-	var	$_headers		= array();
-	var	$_attach_name	= array();
-	var	$_attach_type	= array();
-	var	$_attach_disp	= array();
-	var	$_protocols		= array('mail', 'sendmail', 'smtp');
-	var	$_base_charsets	= array('us-ascii', 'iso-2022-');	// 7-bit charsets (excluding language suffix)
-	var	$_bit_depths	= array('7bit', '8bit');
-	var	$_priorities	= array('1 (Highest)', '2 (High)', '3 (Normal)', '4 (Low)', '5 (Lowest)');
+	public $send_multipart	= TRUE;		// TRUE/FALSE - Yahoo does not like multipart alternative, so this is an override.  Set to FALSE for Yahoo.
+	public $bcc_batch_mode	= FALSE;	// TRUE/FALSE  Turns on/off Bcc batch feature
+	public $bcc_batch_size	= 200;		// If bcc_batch_mode = TRUE, sets max number of Bccs in each batch
+	private $_safe_mode		= FALSE;
+	private $_subject		= "";
+	private $_body			= "";
+	private $_finalbody		= "";
+	private $_alt_boundary	= "";
+	private $_atc_boundary	= "";
+	private $_header_str	= "";
+	private $_smtp_connect	= "";
+	private $_encoding		= "8bit";
+	private $_IP			= FALSE;
+	private $_smtp_auth		= FALSE;
+	private $_replyto_flag	= FALSE;
+	private $_debug_msg		= array();
+	private $_recipients	= array();
+	private $_cc_array		= array();
+	private $_bcc_array		= array();
+	private $_headers		= array();
+	private $_attach_name	= array();
+	private $_attach_type	= array();
+	private $_attach_disp	= array();
+	private $_protocols		= array('mail', 'sendmail', 'smtp');
+	private $_base_charsets	= array('us-ascii', 'iso-2022-');	// 7-bit charsets (excluding language suffix)
+	private $_bit_depths	= array('7bit', '8bit');
+	private $_priorities	= array('1 (Highest)', '2 (High)', '3 (Normal)', '4 (Low)', '5 (Lowest)');
 
 
 	/**
@@ -92,7 +104,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		else
 		{
 			$this->_smtp_auth = ($this->smtp_user == '' AND $this->smtp_pass == '') ? FALSE : TRUE;
-			$this->_safe_mode = ((boolean)@ini_get("safe_mode") === FALSE) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+			$this->_safe_mode = (bool) @ini_get("safe_mode");
 		}
 
 		log_message('debug', "Email Class Initialized");
@@ -128,7 +140,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		$this->clear();
 
 		$this->_smtp_auth = ($this->smtp_user == '' AND $this->smtp_pass == '') ? FALSE : TRUE;
-		$this->_safe_mode = ((boolean)@ini_get("safe_mode") === FALSE) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+		$this->_safe_mode = (bool) @ini_get("safe_mode");
 
 		return $this;
 	}
@@ -182,7 +194,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 	{
 		if (preg_match( '/\<(.*)\>/', $from, $match))
 		{
-			$from = $match['1'];
+			$from = $match[1];
 		}
 
 		if ($this->validate)
@@ -225,7 +237,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 	{
 		if (preg_match( '/\<(.*)\>/', $replyto, $match))
 		{
-			$replyto = $match['1'];
+			$replyto = $match[1];
 		}
 
 		if ($this->validate)
@@ -238,7 +250,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			$name = $replyto;
 		}
 
-		if (strncmp($name, '"', 1) != 0)
+		if (strncmp($name, '"', 1) !== 0)
 		{
 			$name = '"'.$name.'"';
 		}
@@ -268,7 +280,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			$this->validate_email($to);
 		}
 
-		if ($this->_get_protocol() != 'mail')
+		if ($this->_get_protocol() !== 'mail')
 		{
 			$this->_set_header('To', implode(", ", $to));
 		}
@@ -308,7 +320,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		$this->_set_header('Cc', implode(", ", $cc));
 
-		if ($this->_get_protocol() == "smtp")
+		if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'smtp')
 		{
 			$this->_cc_array = $cc;
 		}
@@ -342,7 +354,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			$this->validate_email($bcc);
 		}
 
-		if (($this->_get_protocol() == "smtp") OR ($this->bcc_batch_mode && count($bcc) > $this->bcc_batch_size))
+		if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'smtp' OR ($this->bcc_batch_mode && count($bcc) > $this->bcc_batch_size))
 		{
 			$this->_bcc_array = $bcc;
 		}
@@ -381,7 +393,19 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	public function message($body)
 	{
-		$this->_body = stripslashes(rtrim(str_replace("\r", "", $body)));
+		$this->_body = rtrim(str_replace("\r", "", $body));
+
+		/* strip slashes only if magic quotes is ON
+		   if we do it with magic quotes OFF, it strips real, user-inputted chars.
+
+		   NOTE: In PHP 5.4 get_magic_quotes_gpc() will always return 0 and
+			 it will probably not exist in future versions at all.
+		*/
+		if ( ! is_php('5.4') && get_magic_quotes_gpc())
+		{
+			$this->_body = stripslashes($this->_body);
+		}
+
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -394,11 +418,11 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	public function attach($filename, $disposition = 'attachment')
+	public function attach($filename, $disposition = '', $newname = NULL)
 	{
-		$this->_attach_name[] = $filename;
+		$this->_attach_name[] = array($filename, $newname);
 		$this->_attach_type[] = $this->_mime_types(pathinfo($filename, PATHINFO_EXTENSION));
-		$this->_attach_disp[] = $disposition; // Can also be 'inline'  Not sure if it matters
+		$this->_attach_disp[] = empty($disposition) ? 'attachment' : $disposition; // Can also be 'inline'  Not sure if it matters
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -514,19 +538,13 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	public function set_priority($n = 3)
 	{
-		if ( ! is_numeric($n))
+		if ( ! is_numeric($n) OR $n < 1 OR $n > 5)
 		{
 			$this->priority = 3;
 			return;
 		}
 
-		if ($n < 1 OR $n > 5)
-		{
-			$this->priority = 3;
-			return;
-		}
-
-		$this->priority = $n;
+		$this->priority = (int) $n;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -541,14 +559,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	public function set_newline($newline = "\n")
 	{
-		if ($newline != "\n" AND $newline != "\r\n" AND $newline != "\r")
-		{
-			$this->newline	= "\n";
-			return;
-		}
-
-		$this->newline	= $newline;
-
+		$this->newline = in_array($newline, array("\n", "\r\n", "\r")) ? $newline : "\n";
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -563,14 +574,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	public function set_crlf($crlf = "\n")
 	{
-		if ($crlf != "\n" AND $crlf != "\r\n" AND $crlf != "\r")
-		{
-			$this->crlf	= "\n";
-			return;
-		}
-
-		$this->crlf	= $crlf;
-
+		$this->crlf = ($crlf !== "\n" AND $crlf !== "\r\n" AND $crlf !== "\r") ? "\n" : $crlf;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -598,9 +602,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	protected function _get_message_id()
 	{
-		$from = $this->_headers['Return-Path'];
-		$from = str_replace(">", "", $from);
-		$from = str_replace("<", "", $from);
+		$from = str_replace(array('>', '<'), '', $this->_headers['Return-Path']);
 
 		return  "<".uniqid('').strstr($from, '@').">";
 	}
@@ -640,7 +642,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		foreach ($this->_base_charsets as $charset)
 		{
-			if (strncmp($charset, $this->charset, strlen($charset)) == 0)
+			if (strncmp($charset, $this->charset, strlen($charset)) === 0)
 			{
 				$this->_encoding = '7bit';
 			}
@@ -662,15 +664,15 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	protected function _get_content_type()
 	{
-		if	($this->mailtype == 'html' &&  count($this->_attach_name) == 0)
+		if ($this->mailtype === 'html' && count($this->_attach_name) === 0)
 		{
 			return 'html';
 		}
-		elseif	($this->mailtype == 'html' &&  count($this->_attach_name)  > 0)
+		elseif	($this->mailtype === 'html' && count($this->_attach_name) > 0)
 		{
 			return 'html-attach';
 		}
-		elseif	($this->mailtype == 'text' &&  count($this->_attach_name)  > 0)
+		elseif	($this->mailtype === 'text' && count($this->_attach_name) > 0)
 		{
 			return 'plain-attach';
 		}
@@ -691,9 +693,9 @@ class CI_Email {
 	protected function _set_date()
 	{
 		$timezone = date("Z");
-		$operator = (strncmp($timezone, '-', 1) == 0) ? '-' : '+';
+		$operator = (strncmp($timezone, '-', 1) === 0) ? '-' : '+';
 		$timezone = abs($timezone);
-		$timezone = floor($timezone/3600) * 100 + ($timezone % 3600 ) / 60;
+		$timezone = floor($timezone/3600) * 100 + ($timezone % 3600) / 60;
 
 		return sprintf("%s %s%04d", date("D, j M Y H:i:s"), $operator, $timezone);
 	}
@@ -751,7 +753,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	public function valid_email($address)
 	{
-		return ( ! preg_match("/^([a-z0-9\+_\-]+)(\.[a-z0-9\+_\-]+)*@([a-z0-9\-]+\.)+[a-z]{2,6}$/ix", $address)) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+		return (bool) preg_match("/^([a-z0-9\+_\-]+)(\.[a-z0-9\+_\-]+)*@([a-z0-9\-]+\.)+[a-z]{2,6}$/ix", $address);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -767,28 +769,14 @@ class CI_Email {
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($email))
 		{
-			if (preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $email, $match))
-			{
-				return $match['1'];
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				return $email;
-			}
+			return (preg_match('/\<(.*)\>/', $email, $match)) ? $match[1] : $email;
 		}
 
 		$clean_email = array();
 
 		foreach ($email as $addy)
 		{
-			if (preg_match( '/\<(.*)\>/', $addy, $match))
-			{
-				$clean_email[] = $match['1'];
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				$clean_email[] = $addy;
-			}
+			$clean_email[] = (preg_match( '/\<(.*)\>/', $addy, $match)) ? $match[1] : $addy;
 		}
 
 		return $clean_email;
@@ -814,32 +802,15 @@ class CI_Email {
 			return $this->word_wrap($this->alt_message, '76');
 		}
 
-		if (preg_match('/\<body.*?\>(.*)\<\/body\>/si', $this->_body, $match))
-		{
-			$body = $match['1'];
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$body = $this->_body;
-		}
-
-		$body = trim(strip_tags($body));
-		$body = preg_replace( '#<!--(.*)--\>#', "", $body);
-		$body = str_replace("\t", "", $body);
+		$body = (preg_match('/\<body.*?\>(.*)\<\/body\>/si', $this->_body, $match)) ? $match[1] : $this->_body;
+		$body = str_replace("\t", '', preg_replace('#<!--(.*)--\>#', '', trim(strip_tags($body))));
 
 		for ($i = 20; $i >= 3; $i--)
 		{
-			$n = "";
-
-			for ($x = 1; $x <= $i; $x ++)
-			{
-				$n .= "\n";
-			}
-
-			$body = str_replace($n, "\n\n", $body);
+			$body = str_replace(str_repeat("\n", $i), "\n\n", $body);
 		}
 
-		return $this->word_wrap($body, '76');
+		return $this->word_wrap($body, 76);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -857,7 +828,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		// Se the character limit
 		if ($charlim == '')
 		{
-			$charlim = ($this->wrapchars == "") ? "76" : $this->wrapchars;
+			$charlim = ($this->wrapchars == "") ? 76 : $this->wrapchars;
 		}
 
 		// Reduce multiple spaces
@@ -874,10 +845,10 @@ class CI_Email {
 		$unwrap = array();
 		if (preg_match_all("|(\{unwrap\}.+?\{/unwrap\})|s", $str, $matches))
 		{
-			for ($i = 0; $i < count($matches['0']); $i++)
+			for ($i = 0, $c = count($matches[0]); $i < $c; $i++)
 			{
-				$unwrap[] = $matches['1'][$i];
-				$str = str_replace($matches['1'][$i], "{{unwrapped".$i."}}", $str);
+				$unwrap[] = $matches[1][$i];
+				$str = str_replace($matches[1][$i], "{{unwrapped".$i."}}", $str);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -899,7 +870,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			}
 
 			$temp = '';
-			while ((strlen($line)) > $charlim)
+			do
 			{
 				// If the over-length word is a URL we won't wrap it
 				if (preg_match("!\[url.+\]|://|wwww.!", $line))
@@ -911,19 +882,16 @@ class CI_Email {
 				$temp .= substr($line, 0, $charlim-1);
 				$line = substr($line, $charlim-1);
 			}
+			while (strlen($line) > $charlim);
 
 			// If $temp contains data it means we had to split up an over-length
 			// word into smaller chunks so we'll add it back to our current line
 			if ($temp != '')
 			{
-				$output .= $temp.$this->newline.$line;
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				$output .= $line;
+				$output .= $temp.$this->newline;
 			}
 
-			$output .= $this->newline;
+			$output .= $line.$this->newline;
 		}
 
 		// Put our markers back
@@ -966,7 +934,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	protected function _write_headers()
 	{
-		if ($this->protocol == 'mail')
+		if ($this->protocol === 'mail')
 		{
 			$this->_subject = $this->_headers['Subject'];
 			unset($this->_headers['Subject']);
@@ -985,7 +953,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			}
 		}
 
-		if ($this->_get_protocol() == 'mail')
+		if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail')
 		{
 			$this->_header_str = rtrim($this->_header_str);
 		}
@@ -1001,7 +969,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	protected function _build_message()
 	{
-		if ($this->wordwrap === TRUE  AND  $this->mailtype != 'html')
+		if ($this->wordwrap === TRUE AND $this->mailtype !== 'html')
 		{
 			$this->_body = $this->word_wrap($this->_body);
 		}
@@ -1009,17 +977,17 @@ class CI_Email {
 		$this->_set_boundaries();
 		$this->_write_headers();
 
-		$hdr = ($this->_get_protocol() == 'mail') ? $this->newline : '';
+		$hdr = ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail') ? $this->newline : '';
 		$body = '';
 
 		switch ($this->_get_content_type())
 		{
 			case 'plain' :
 
-				$hdr .= "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline;
-				$hdr .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: " . $this->_get_encoding();
+				$hdr .= "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline
+					. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: " . $this->_get_encoding();
 
-				if ($this->_get_protocol() == 'mail')
+				if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail')
 				{
 					$this->_header_str .= $hdr;
 					$this->_finalbody = $this->_body;
@@ -1031,33 +999,32 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 				return;
 
-			break;
 			case 'html' :
 
 				if ($this->send_multipart === FALSE)
 				{
-					$hdr .= "Content-Type: text/html; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline;
-					$hdr .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable";
+					$hdr .= "Content-Type: text/html; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline
+						. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable";
 				}
 				else
 				{
 					$hdr .= "Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=\"" . $this->_alt_boundary . "\"" . $this->newline . $this->newline;
 
-					$body .= $this->_get_mime_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline;
-					$body .= "--" . $this->_alt_boundary . $this->newline;
+					$body .= $this->_get_mime_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline
+						. "--" . $this->_alt_boundary . $this->newline
 
-					$body .= "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline;
-					$body .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: " . $this->_get_encoding() . $this->newline . $this->newline;
-					$body .= $this->_get_alt_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline . "--" . $this->_alt_boundary . $this->newline;
+						. "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline
+						. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: " . $this->_get_encoding() . $this->newline . $this->newline
+						. $this->_get_alt_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline . "--" . $this->_alt_boundary . $this->newline
 
-					$body .= "Content-Type: text/html; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline;
-					$body .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable" . $this->newline . $this->newline;
+						. "Content-Type: text/html; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline
+						. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable" . $this->newline . $this->newline;
 				}
 
 				$this->_finalbody = $body . $this->_prep_quoted_printable($this->_body) . $this->newline . $this->newline;
 
 
-				if ($this->_get_protocol() == 'mail')
+				if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail')
 				{
 					$this->_header_str .= $hdr;
 				}
@@ -1074,61 +1041,57 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 				return;
 
-			break;
 			case 'plain-attach' :
 
 				$hdr .= "Content-Type: multipart/".$this->multipart."; boundary=\"" . $this->_atc_boundary."\"" . $this->newline . $this->newline;
 
-				if ($this->_get_protocol() == 'mail')
+				if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail')
 				{
 					$this->_header_str .= $hdr;
 				}
 
-				$body .= $this->_get_mime_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline;
-				$body .= "--" . $this->_atc_boundary . $this->newline;
+				$body .= $this->_get_mime_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline
+					. "--" . $this->_atc_boundary . $this->newline
 
-				$body .= "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline;
-				$body .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: " . $this->_get_encoding() . $this->newline . $this->newline;
+					. "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline
+					. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: " . $this->_get_encoding() . $this->newline . $this->newline
 
-				$body .= $this->_body . $this->newline . $this->newline;
+					. $this->_body . $this->newline . $this->newline;
 
 			break;
 			case 'html-attach' :
 
 				$hdr .= "Content-Type: multipart/".$this->multipart."; boundary=\"" . $this->_atc_boundary."\"" . $this->newline . $this->newline;
 
-				if ($this->_get_protocol() == 'mail')
+				if ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail')
 				{
 					$this->_header_str .= $hdr;
 				}
 
-				$body .= $this->_get_mime_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline;
-				$body .= "--" . $this->_atc_boundary . $this->newline;
+				$body .= $this->_get_mime_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline
+					. "--" . $this->_atc_boundary . $this->newline
 
-				$body .= "Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=\"" . $this->_alt_boundary . "\"" . $this->newline .$this->newline;
-				$body .= "--" . $this->_alt_boundary . $this->newline;
+					. "Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=\"" . $this->_alt_boundary . "\"" . $this->newline .$this->newline
+					. "--" . $this->_alt_boundary . $this->newline
 
-				$body .= "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline;
-				$body .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: " . $this->_get_encoding() . $this->newline . $this->newline;
-				$body .= $this->_get_alt_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline . "--" . $this->_alt_boundary . $this->newline;
+					. "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline
+					. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: " . $this->_get_encoding() . $this->newline . $this->newline
+					. $this->_get_alt_message() . $this->newline . $this->newline . "--" . $this->_alt_boundary . $this->newline
 
-				$body .= "Content-Type: text/html; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline;
-				$body .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable" . $this->newline . $this->newline;
+					. "Content-Type: text/html; charset=" . $this->charset . $this->newline
+					. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable" . $this->newline . $this->newline
 
-				$body .= $this->_prep_quoted_printable($this->_body) . $this->newline . $this->newline;
-				$body .= "--" . $this->_alt_boundary . "--" . $this->newline . $this->newline;
+					. $this->_prep_quoted_printable($this->_body) . $this->newline . $this->newline
+					. "--" . $this->_alt_boundary . "--" . $this->newline . $this->newline;
 
 			break;
 		}
 
 		$attachment = array();
-
-		$z = 0;
-
-		for ($i=0; $i < count($this->_attach_name); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->_attach_name), $z = 0; $i < $c; $i++)
 		{
-			$filename = $this->_attach_name[$i];
-			$basename = basename($filename);
+			$filename = $this->_attach_name[$i][0];
+			$basename = (is_null($this->_attach_name[$i][1])) ? basename($filename) : $this->_attach_name[$i][1];
 			$ctype = $this->_attach_type[$i];
 
 			if ( ! file_exists($filename))
@@ -1137,13 +1100,12 @@ class CI_Email {
 				return FALSE;
 			}
 
-			$h  = "--".$this->_atc_boundary.$this->newline;
-			$h .= "Content-type: ".$ctype."; ";
-			$h .= "name=\"".$basename."\"".$this->newline;
-			$h .= "Content-Disposition: ".$this->_attach_disp[$i].";".$this->newline;
-			$h .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64".$this->newline;
+			$attachment[$z++] = "--".$this->_atc_boundary.$this->newline
+				. "Content-type: ".$ctype."; "
+				. "name=\"".$basename."\"".$this->newline
+				. "Content-Disposition: ".$this->_attach_disp[$i].";".$this->newline
+				. "Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64".$this->newline;
 
-			$attachment[$z++] = $h;
 			$file = filesize($filename) +1;
 
 			if ( ! $fp = fopen($filename, FOPEN_READ))
@@ -1157,17 +1119,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		}
 
 		$body .= implode($this->newline, $attachment).$this->newline."--".$this->_atc_boundary."--";
-
-
-		if ($this->_get_protocol() == 'mail')
-		{
-			$this->_finalbody = $body;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$this->_finalbody = $hdr . $body;
-		}
-
+		$this->_finalbody = ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail') ? $body : $hdr . $body;
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -1189,16 +1141,13 @@ class CI_Email {
 		// Set the character limit
 		// Don't allow over 76, as that will make servers and MUAs barf
 		// all over quoted-printable data
-		if ($charlim == '' OR $charlim > '76')
+		if ($charlim == '' OR $charlim > 76)
 		{
-			$charlim = '76';
+			$charlim = 76;
 		}
 
-		// Reduce multiple spaces
-		$str = preg_replace("| +|", " ", $str);
-
-		// kill nulls
-		$str = preg_replace('/\x00+/', '', $str);
+		// Reduce multiple spaces & remove nulls
+		$str = preg_replace(array("| +|", '/\x00+/'), array(' ', ''), $str);
 
 		// Standardize newlines
 		if (strpos($str, "\r") !== FALSE)
@@ -1210,13 +1159,10 @@ class CI_Email {
 		// properly and MUAs will behave, so {unwrap} must go!
 		$str = str_replace(array('{unwrap}', '{/unwrap}'), '', $str);
 
-		// Break into an array of lines
-		$lines = explode("\n", $str);
-
 		$escape = '=';
 		$output = '';
 
-		foreach ($lines as $line)
+		foreach (explode("\n", $str) as $line)
 		{
 			$length = strlen($line);
 			$temp = '';
@@ -1227,17 +1173,15 @@ class CI_Email {
 			for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++)
 			{
 				// Grab the next character
-				$char = substr($line, $i, 1);
+				$char = $line[$i];
 				$ascii = ord($char);
 
 				// Convert spaces and tabs but only if it's the end of the line
-				if ($i == ($length - 1))
+				if ($i === ($length - 1) && ($ascii === 32 OR $ascii === 9))
 				{
-					$char = ($ascii == '32' OR $ascii == '9') ? $escape.sprintf('%02s', dechex($ascii)) : $char;
+					$char = $escape.sprintf('%02s', dechex($ascii));
 				}
-
-				// encode = signs
-				if ($ascii == '61')
+				elseif ($ascii === 61) // encode = signs
 				{
 					$char = $escape.strtoupper(sprintf('%02s', dechex($ascii)));  // =3D
 				}
@@ -1300,7 +1244,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		for ($i = 0, $length = strlen($str); $i < $length; $i++)
 		{
 			// Grab the next character
-			$char = substr($str, $i, 1);
+			$char = $str[$i];
 			$ascii = ord($char);
 
 			// convert ALL non-printable ASCII characters and our specials
@@ -1310,7 +1254,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 			}
 
 			// handle regular spaces a bit more compactly than =20
-			if ($ascii == 32)
+			if ($ascii === 32)
 			{
 				$char = '_';
 			}
@@ -1361,22 +1305,14 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		$this->_build_headers();
 
-		if ($this->bcc_batch_mode  AND  count($this->_bcc_array) > 0)
+		if ($this->bcc_batch_mode AND count($this->_bcc_array) > $this->bcc_batch_size)
 		{
-			if (count($this->_bcc_array) > $this->bcc_batch_size)
-				return $this->batch_bcc_send();
+			return $this->batch_bcc_send();
 		}
 
 		$this->_build_message();
 
-		if ( ! $this->_spool_email())
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
+		return $this->_spool_email();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1395,7 +1331,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		$chunk = array();
 
-		for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->_bcc_array); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->_bcc_array); $i < $c; $i++)
 		{
 			if (isset($this->_bcc_array[$i]))
 			{
@@ -1405,25 +1341,23 @@ class CI_Email {
 			if ($i == $float)
 			{
 				$chunk[] = substr($set, 1);
-				$float = $float + $this->bcc_batch_size;
+				$float += $this->bcc_batch_size;
 				$set = "";
 			}
 
-			if ($i == count($this->_bcc_array)-1)
+			if ($i === $c-1)
 			{
 				$chunk[] = substr($set, 1);
 			}
 		}
 
-		for ($i = 0; $i < count($chunk); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $c = count($chunk); $i < $c; $i++)
 		{
 			unset($this->_headers['Bcc']);
-			unset($bcc);
 
-			$bcc = $this->_str_to_array($chunk[$i]);
-			$bcc = $this->clean_email($bcc);
+			$bcc = $this->clean_email($this->_str_to_array($chunk[$i]));
 
-			if ($this->protocol != 'smtp')
+			if ($this->protocol !== 'smtp')
 			{
 				$this->_set_header('Bcc', implode(", ", $bcc));
 			}
@@ -1480,33 +1414,10 @@ class CI_Email {
 	{
 		$this->_unwrap_specials();
 
-		switch ($this->_get_protocol())
+		$method = '_send_with_' . $this->_get_protocol();
+		if ( ! $this->$method())
 		{
-			case 'mail'	:
-
-					if ( ! $this->_send_with_mail())
-					{
-						$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_send_failure_phpmail');
-						return FALSE;
-					}
-			break;
-			case 'sendmail'	:
-
-					if ( ! $this->_send_with_sendmail())
-					{
-						$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_send_failure_sendmail');
-						return FALSE;
-					}
-			break;
-			case 'smtp'	:
-
-					if ( ! $this->_send_with_smtp())
-					{
-						$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_send_failure_smtp');
-						return FALSE;
-					}
-			break;
-
+			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_send_failure_' . ($this->_get_protocol() === 'mail' ? 'phpmail' : $this->_get_protocol()));
 		}
 
 		$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_sent', $this->_get_protocol());
@@ -1525,28 +1436,13 @@ class CI_Email {
 	{
 		if ($this->_safe_mode == TRUE)
 		{
-			if ( ! mail($this->_recipients, $this->_subject, $this->_finalbody, $this->_header_str))
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				return TRUE;
-			}
+			return mail($this->_recipients, $this->_subject, $this->_finalbody, $this->_header_str);
 		}
 		else
 		{
 			// most documentation of sendmail using the "-f" flag lacks a space after it, however
 			// we've encountered servers that seem to require it to be in place.
-
-			if ( ! mail($this->_recipients, $this->_subject, $this->_finalbody, $this->_header_str, "-f ".$this->clean_email($this->_headers['From'])))
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				return TRUE;
-			}
+			return mail($this->_recipients, $this->_subject, $this->_finalbody, $this->_header_str, "-f ".$this->clean_email($this->_headers['From']));
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1573,12 +1469,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		$status = pclose($fp);
 
-		if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '4.2.3') == -1)
-		{
-			$status = $status >> 8 & 0xFF;
-		}
-
-		if ($status != 0)
+		if ($status !== 0)
 		{
 			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_exit_status', $status);
 			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_no_socket');
@@ -1647,7 +1538,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		$this->_set_error_message($reply);
 
-		if (strncmp($reply, '250', 3) != 0)
+		if (strncmp($reply, '250', 3) !== 0)
 		{
 			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_error', $reply);
 			return FALSE;
@@ -1668,12 +1559,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 	 */
 	protected function _smtp_connect()
 	{
-		$ssl = NULL;
-
-		if ($this->smtp_crypto == 'ssl')
-		{
-			$ssl = 'ssl://';
-		}
+		$ssl = ($this->smtp_crypto == 'ssl') ? 'ssl://' : NULL;
 
 		$this->_smtp_connect = fsockopen($ssl.$this->smtp_host,
 										$this->smtp_port,
@@ -1693,13 +1579,14 @@ class CI_Email {
 		{
 			$this->_send_command('hello');
 			$this->_send_command('starttls');
+
 			$crypto = stream_socket_enable_crypto($this->_smtp_connect, TRUE, STREAM_CRYPTO_METHOD_TLS_CLIENT);
-		}
 
-		if ($crypto !== TRUE)
-		{
-			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_error', $this->_get_smtp_data());
-			return FALSE;
+			if ($crypto !== TRUE)
+			{
+				$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_error', $this->_get_smtp_data());
+				return FALSE;
+			}
 		}
 
 		return $this->_send_command('hello');
@@ -1803,7 +1690,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		$reply = $this->_get_smtp_data();
 
-		if (strncmp($reply, '334', 3) != 0)
+		if (strncmp($reply, '334', 3) !== 0)
 		{
 			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_failed_smtp_login', $reply);
 			return FALSE;
@@ -1813,7 +1700,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		$reply = $this->_get_smtp_data();
 
-		if (strncmp($reply, '334', 3) != 0)
+		if (strncmp($reply, '334', 3) !== 0)
 		{
 			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_auth_un', $reply);
 			return FALSE;
@@ -1823,7 +1710,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		$reply = $this->_get_smtp_data();
 
-		if (strncmp($reply, '235', 3) != 0)
+		if (strncmp($reply, '235', 3) !== 0)
 		{
 			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_auth_pw', $reply);
 			return FALSE;
@@ -1847,10 +1734,8 @@ class CI_Email {
 			$this->_set_error_message('lang:email_smtp_data_failure', $data);
 			return FALSE;
 		}
-		else
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
+
+		return TRUE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1869,7 +1754,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		{
 			$data .= $str;
 
-			if (substr($str, 3, 1) == " ")
+			if ($str[3] == " ")
 			{
 				break;
 			}
@@ -1908,12 +1793,16 @@ class CI_Email {
 
 		$cip = (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) AND $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] != "") ? $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'] : FALSE;
 		$rip = (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) AND $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] != "") ? $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] : FALSE;
-		$fip = (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']) AND $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] != "") ? $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] : FALSE;
-
-		if ($cip && $rip)	$this->_IP = $cip;
-		elseif ($rip)		$this->_IP = $rip;
-		elseif ($cip)		$this->_IP = $cip;
-		elseif ($fip)		$this->_IP = $fip;
+		if ($cip) $this->_IP = $cip;
+		elseif ($rip) $this->_IP = $rip;
+		else
+		{
+			$fip = (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']) AND $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] != "") ? $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] : FALSE;
+			if ($fip)
+			{
+				$this->_IP = $fip;
+			}
+		}
 
 		if (strpos($this->_IP, ',') !== FALSE)
 		{
@@ -1926,10 +1815,6 @@ class CI_Email {
 			$this->_IP = '0.0.0.0';
 		}
 
-		unset($cip);
-		unset($rip);
-		unset($fip);
-
 		return $this->_IP;
 	}
 
@@ -1971,7 +1856,7 @@ class CI_Email {
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 		$CI->lang->load('email');
 
-		if (substr($msg, 0, 5) != 'lang:' || FALSE === ($line = $CI->lang->line(substr($msg, 5))))
+		if (substr($msg, 0, 5) !== 'lang:' || FALSE === ($line = $CI->lang->line(substr($msg, 5))))
 		{
 			$this->_debug_msg[] = str_replace('%s', $val, $msg)."<br />";
 		}
diff --git a/system/libraries/Encrypt.php b/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
index b30a8cf0b..0b0618991 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Encrypt.php
@@ -1,20 +1,30 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * CodeIgniter Encryption Class
  *
@@ -23,29 +33,21 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/encryption.html
  */
 class CI_Encrypt {
 
-	var $CI;
-	var $encryption_key	= '';
-	var $_hash_type	= 'sha1';
-	var $_mcrypt_exists = FALSE;
-	var $_mcrypt_cipher;
-	var $_mcrypt_mode;
+	public $encryption_key	= '';
+	protected $_hash_type	= 'sha1';
+	protected $_mcrypt_exists = FALSE;
+	protected $_mcrypt_cipher;
+	protected $_mcrypt_mode;
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 *
-	 * Simply determines whether the mcrypt library exists.
-	 *
-	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
-		$this->CI =& get_instance();
 		$this->_mcrypt_exists = ( ! function_exists('mcrypt_encrypt')) ? FALSE : TRUE;
-		log_message('debug', "Encrypt Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Encrypt Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -56,11 +58,10 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 * Returns it as MD5 in order to have an exact-length 128 bit key.
 	 * Mcrypt is sensitive to keys that are not the correct length
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function get_key($key = '')
+	public function get_key($key = '')
 	{
 		if ($key == '')
 		{
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 			$CI =& get_instance();
 			$key = $CI->config->item('encryption_key');
 
-			if ($key == FALSE)
+			if ($key === FALSE)
 			{
 				show_error('In order to use the encryption class requires that you set an encryption key in your config file.');
 			}
@@ -86,13 +87,13 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	/**
 	 * Set the encryption key
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
+	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function set_key($key = '')
+	public function set_key($key = '')
 	{
 		$this->encryption_key = $key;
+		return $this;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -108,25 +109,14 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 * that is randomized with each call to this function,
 	 * even if the supplied message and key are the same.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the string to encode
 	 * @param	string	the key
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function encode($string, $key = '')
+	public function encode($string, $key = '')
 	{
-		$key = $this->get_key($key);
-
-		if ($this->_mcrypt_exists === TRUE)
-		{
-			$enc = $this->mcrypt_encode($string, $key);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$enc = $this->_xor_encode($string, $key);
-		}
-
-		return base64_encode($enc);
+		$method = ($this->_mcrypt_exists === TRUE) ? 'mcrypt_encode' : '_xor_encode';
+		return base64_encode($this->$method($string, $this->get_key($key)));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -136,35 +126,19 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 *
 	 * Reverses the above process
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function decode($string, $key = '')
+	public function decode($string, $key = '')
 	{
-		$key = $this->get_key($key);
-
 		if (preg_match('/[^a-zA-Z0-9\/\+=]/', $string))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		$dec = base64_decode($string);
-
-		if ($this->_mcrypt_exists === TRUE)
-		{
-			if (($dec = $this->mcrypt_decode($dec, $key)) === FALSE)
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$dec = $this->_xor_decode($dec, $key);
-		}
-
-		return $dec;
+		$method = ($this->_mcrypt_exists === TRUE) ? 'mcrypt_decode' : '_xor_decode';
+		return $this->$method(base64_decode($string), $this->get_key($key));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -179,19 +153,22 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 *
 	 * For more details, see http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/installation/upgrade_200.html#encryption
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	int		(mcrypt mode constant)
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function encode_from_legacy($string, $legacy_mode = MCRYPT_MODE_ECB, $key = '')
+	public function encode_from_legacy($string, $legacy_mode = MCRYPT_MODE_ECB, $key = '')
 	{
 		if ($this->_mcrypt_exists === FALSE)
 		{
 			log_message('error', 'Encoding from legacy is available only when Mcrypt is in use.');
 			return FALSE;
 		}
+		elseif (preg_match('/[^a-zA-Z0-9\/\+=]/', $string))
+		{
+			return FALSE;
+		}
 
 		// decode it first
 		// set mode temporarily to what it was when string was encoded with the legacy
@@ -200,14 +177,7 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 		$this->set_mode($legacy_mode);
 
 		$key = $this->get_key($key);
-
-		if (preg_match('/[^a-zA-Z0-9\/\+=]/', $string))
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
 		$dec = base64_decode($string);
-
 		if (($dec = $this->mcrypt_decode($dec, $key)) === FALSE)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
@@ -230,25 +200,25 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 * Takes a plain-text string and key as input and generates an
 	 * encoded bit-string using XOR
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _xor_encode($string, $key)
+	protected function _xor_encode($string, $key)
 	{
 		$rand = '';
-		while (strlen($rand) < 32)
+		do
 		{
 			$rand .= mt_rand(0, mt_getrandmax());
 		}
+		while (strlen($rand) < 32);
 
 		$rand = $this->hash($rand);
 
 		$enc = '';
-		for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($string); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $ls = strlen($string), $lr = strlen($rand); $i < $ls; $i++)
 		{
-			$enc .= substr($rand, ($i % strlen($rand)), 1).(substr($rand, ($i % strlen($rand)), 1) ^ substr($string, $i, 1));
+			$enc .= $rand[($i % $lr)].($rand[($i % $lr)] ^ $string[$i]);
 		}
 
 		return $this->_xor_merge($enc, $key);
@@ -262,19 +232,18 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 * Takes an encoded string and key as input and generates the
 	 * plain-text original message
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _xor_decode($string, $key)
+	protected function _xor_decode($string, $key)
 	{
 		$string = $this->_xor_merge($string, $key);
 
 		$dec = '';
-		for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($string); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $l = strlen($string); $i < $l; $i++)
 		{
-			$dec .= (substr($string, $i++, 1) ^ substr($string, $i, 1));
+			$dec .= ($string[$i++] ^ $string[$i]);
 		}
 
 		return $dec;
@@ -287,18 +256,17 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 *
 	 * Takes a string and key as input and computes the difference using XOR
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _xor_merge($string, $key)
+	protected function _xor_merge($string, $key)
 	{
 		$hash = $this->hash($key);
 		$str = '';
-		for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($string); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $ls = strlen($string), $lh = strlen($hash); $i < $ls; $i++)
 		{
-			$str .= substr($string, $i, 1) ^ substr($hash, ($i % strlen($hash)), 1);
+			$str .= $string[$i] ^ $hash[($i % $lh)];
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -309,12 +277,11 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	/**
 	 * Encrypt using Mcrypt
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function mcrypt_encode($data, $key)
+	public function mcrypt_encode($data, $key)
 	{
 		$init_size = mcrypt_get_iv_size($this->_get_cipher(), $this->_get_mode());
 		$init_vect = mcrypt_create_iv($init_size, MCRYPT_RAND);
@@ -326,12 +293,11 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	/**
 	 * Decrypt using Mcrypt
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function mcrypt_decode($data, $key)
+	public function mcrypt_decode($data, $key)
 	{
 		$data = $this->_remove_cipher_noise($data, $key);
 		$init_size = mcrypt_get_iv_size($this->_get_cipher(), $this->_get_mode());
@@ -353,27 +319,23 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 * against Man-in-the-middle attacks on CBC mode ciphers
 	 * http://www.ciphersbyritter.com/GLOSSARY.HTM#IV
 	 *
-	 * Function description
-	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _add_cipher_noise($data, $key)
+	protected function _add_cipher_noise($data, $key)
 	{
-		$keyhash = $this->hash($key);
-		$keylen = strlen($keyhash);
+		$key = $this->hash($key);
 		$str = '';
 
-		for ($i = 0, $j = 0, $len = strlen($data); $i < $len; ++$i, ++$j)
+		for ($i = 0, $j = 0, $ld = strlen($data), $lk = strlen($key); $i < $ld; ++$i, ++$j)
 		{
-			if ($j >= $keylen)
+			if ($j >= $lk)
 			{
 				$j = 0;
 			}
 
-			$str .= chr((ord($data[$i]) + ord($keyhash[$j])) % 256);
+			$str .= chr((ord($data[$i]) + ord($key[$j])) % 256);
 		}
 
 		return $str;
@@ -387,28 +349,26 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	 *
 	 * Function description
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	type
 	 * @return	type
 	 */
-	function _remove_cipher_noise($data, $key)
+	protected function _remove_cipher_noise($data, $key)
 	{
-		$keyhash = $this->hash($key);
-		$keylen = strlen($keyhash);
+		$key = $this->hash($key);
 		$str = '';
 
-		for ($i = 0, $j = 0, $len = strlen($data); $i < $len; ++$i, ++$j)
+		for ($i = 0, $j = 0, $ld = strlen($data), $lk = strlen($key); $i < $ld; ++$i, ++$j)
 		{
-			if ($j >= $keylen)
+			if ($j >= $lk)
 			{
 				$j = 0;
 			}
 
-			$temp = ord($data[$i]) - ord($keyhash[$j]);
+			$temp = ord($data[$i]) - ord($key[$j]);
 
 			if ($temp < 0)
 			{
-				$temp = $temp + 256;
+				$temp += 256;
 			}
 
 			$str .= chr($temp);
@@ -422,13 +382,13 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	/**
 	 * Set the Mcrypt Cipher
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	constant
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function set_cipher($cipher)
+	public function set_cipher($cipher)
 	{
 		$this->_mcrypt_cipher = $cipher;
+		return $this;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -436,13 +396,13 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	/**
 	 * Set the Mcrypt Mode
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	constant
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function set_mode($mode)
+	public function set_mode($mode)
 	{
 		$this->_mcrypt_mode = $mode;
+		return $this;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -450,14 +410,13 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	/**
 	 * Get Mcrypt cipher Value
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _get_cipher()
+	protected function _get_cipher()
 	{
 		if ($this->_mcrypt_cipher == '')
 		{
-			$this->_mcrypt_cipher = MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256;
+			return $this->_mcrypt_cipher = MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_256;
 		}
 
 		return $this->_mcrypt_cipher;
@@ -468,14 +427,13 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	/**
 	 * Get Mcrypt Mode Value
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _get_mode()
+	protected function _get_mode()
 	{
 		if ($this->_mcrypt_mode == '')
 		{
-			$this->_mcrypt_mode = MCRYPT_MODE_CBC;
+			return $this->_mcrypt_mode = MCRYPT_MODE_CBC;
 		}
 
 		return $this->_mcrypt_mode;
@@ -486,13 +444,12 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	/**
 	 * Set the Hash type
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_hash($type = 'sha1')
+	public function set_hash($type = 'sha1')
 	{
-		$this->_hash_type = ($type != 'sha1' AND $type != 'md5') ? 'sha1' : $type;
+		$this->_hash_type = ($type !== 'sha1' && $type !== 'md5') ? 'sha1' : $type;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -500,48 +457,14 @@ class CI_Encrypt {
 	/**
 	 * Hash encode a string
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function hash($str)
+	public function hash($str)
 	{
-		return ($this->_hash_type == 'sha1') ? $this->sha1($str) : md5($str);
+		return ($this->_hash_type === 'sha1') ? sha1($str) : md5($str);
 	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Generate an SHA1 Hash
-	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	function sha1($str)
-	{
-		if ( ! function_exists('sha1'))
-		{
-			if ( ! function_exists('mhash'))
-			{
-				require_once(BASEPATH.'libraries/Sha1.php');
-				$SH = new CI_SHA;
-				return $SH->generate($str);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				return bin2hex(mhash(MHASH_SHA1, $str));
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return sha1($str);
-		}
-	}
-
 }
 
-// END CI_Encrypt class
-
 /* End of file Encrypt.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Encrypt.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Encrypt.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Form_validation.php b/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
index c78583f4f..0a6a2af0d 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Validation
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/form_validation.html
  */
 class CI_Form_validation {
@@ -66,7 +78,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 * This function takes an array of field names and validation
 	 * rules as input, validates the info, and stores it
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
@@ -74,7 +85,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	public function set_rules($field, $label = '', $rules = '')
 	{
 		// No reason to set rules if we have no POST data
-		if (count($_POST) == 0)
+		if (count($_POST) === 0)
 		{
 			return $this;
 		}
@@ -101,7 +112,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 		}
 
 		// No fields? Nothing to do...
-		if ( ! is_string($field) OR  ! is_string($rules) OR $field == '')
+		if ( ! is_string($field) OR ! is_string($rules) OR $field == '')
 		{
 			return $this;
 		}
@@ -109,21 +120,20 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 		// If the field label wasn't passed we use the field name
 		$label = ($label == '') ? $field : $label;
 
-		// Is the field name an array?  We test for the existence of a bracket "[" in
-		// the field name to determine this.  If it is an array, we break it apart
+		// Is the field name an array? If it is an array, we break it apart
 		// into its components so that we can fetch the corresponding POST data later
-		if (strpos($field, '[') !== FALSE AND preg_match_all('/\[(.*?)\]/', $field, $matches))
+		if (preg_match_all('/\[(.*?)\]/', $field, $matches))
 		{
 			// Note: Due to a bug in current() that affects some versions
 			// of PHP we can not pass function call directly into it
 			$x = explode('[', $field);
 			$indexes[] = current($x);
 
-			for ($i = 0; $i < count($matches['0']); $i++)
+			for ($i = 0, $c = count($matches[0]); $i < $c; $i++)
 			{
-				if ($matches['1'][$i] != '')
+				if ($matches[1][$i] != '')
 				{
-					$indexes[] = $matches['1'][$i];
+					$indexes[] = $matches[1][$i];
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -157,7 +167,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 * Lets users set their own error messages on the fly.  Note:  The key
 	 * name has to match the  function name that it corresponds to.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
@@ -181,7 +190,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 *
 	 * Permits a prefix/suffix to be added to each error message
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
@@ -201,7 +209,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 *
 	 * Gets the error message associated with a particular field
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the field name
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
@@ -232,7 +239,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the error messages as a string, wrapped in the error delimiters
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	str
@@ -275,23 +281,22 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 *
 	 * This function does all the work.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function run($group = '')
 	{
 		// Do we even have any data to process?  Mm?
-		if (count($_POST) == 0)
+		if (count($_POST) === 0)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		// Does the _field_data array containing the validation rules exist?
 		// If not, we look to see if they were assigned via a config file
-		if (count($this->_field_data) == 0)
+		if (count($this->_field_data) === 0)
 		{
 			// No validation rules?  We're done...
-			if (count($this->_config_rules) == 0)
+			if (count($this->_config_rules) === 0)
 			{
 				return FALSE;
 			}
@@ -309,7 +314,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 			}
 
 			// We're we able to set the rules correctly?
-			if (count($this->_field_data) == 0)
+			if (count($this->_field_data) === 0)
 			{
 				log_message('debug', "Unable to find validation rules");
 				return FALSE;
@@ -326,7 +331,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 			// Fetch the data from the corresponding $_POST array and cache it in the _field_data array.
 			// Depending on whether the field name is an array or a string will determine where we get it from.
 
-			if ($row['is_array'] == TRUE)
+			if ($row['is_array'] === TRUE)
 			{
 				$this->_field_data[$field]['postdata'] = $this->_reduce_array($_POST, $row['keys']);
 			}
@@ -352,14 +357,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 		// Now we need to re-set the POST data with the new, processed data
 		$this->_reset_post_array();
 
-		// No errors, validation passes!
-		if ($total_errors == 0)
-		{
-			return TRUE;
-		}
-
-		// Validation fails
-		return FALSE;
+		return ($total_errors === 0);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -367,7 +365,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Traverse a multidimensional $_POST array index until the data is found
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @param	integer
@@ -375,23 +372,9 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 */
 	protected function _reduce_array($array, $keys, $i = 0)
 	{
-		if (is_array($array))
+		if (is_array($array) && isset($keys[$i]))
 		{
-			if (isset($keys[$i]))
-			{
-				if (isset($array[$keys[$i]]))
-				{
-					$array = $this->_reduce_array($array[$keys[$i]], $keys, ($i+1));
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					return NULL;
-				}
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				return $array;
-			}
+			return isset($array[$keys[$i]]) ? $this->_reduce_array($array[$keys[$i]], $keys, ($i+1)) : NULL;
 		}
 
 		return $array;
@@ -402,7 +385,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Re-populate the _POST array with our finalized and processed data
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	null
 	 */
 	protected function _reset_post_array()
@@ -411,7 +393,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 		{
 			if ( ! is_null($row['postdata']))
 			{
-				if ($row['is_array'] == FALSE)
+				if ($row['is_array'] === FALSE)
 				{
 					if (isset($_POST[$row['field']]))
 					{
@@ -424,7 +406,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 					$post_ref =& $_POST;
 
 					// before we assign values, make a reference to the right POST key
-					if (count($row['keys']) == 1)
+					if (count($row['keys']) === 1)
 					{
 						$post_ref =& $post_ref[current($row['keys'])];
 					}
@@ -460,7 +442,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Executes the Validation routines
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @param	mixed
@@ -502,7 +483,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 		// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 		// Isset Test. Typically this rule will only apply to checkboxes.
-		if (is_null($postdata) AND $callback == FALSE)
+		if (is_null($postdata) AND $callback === FALSE)
 		{
 			if (in_array('isset', $rules, TRUE) OR in_array('required', $rules))
 			{
@@ -593,7 +574,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 				$result = $this->CI->$rule($postdata, $param);
 
 				// Re-assign the result to the master data array
-				if ($_in_array == TRUE)
+				if ($_in_array === TRUE)
 				{
 					$this->_field_data[$row['field']]['postdata'][$cycles] = (is_bool($result)) ? $postdata : $result;
 				}
@@ -618,7 +599,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 					{
 						$result = $rule($postdata);
 
-						if ($_in_array == TRUE)
+						if ($_in_array === TRUE)
 						{
 							$this->_field_data[$row['field']]['postdata'][$cycles] = (is_bool($result)) ? $postdata : $result;
 						}
@@ -637,7 +618,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 
 				$result = $this->$rule($postdata, $param);
 
-				if ($_in_array == TRUE)
+				if ($_in_array === TRUE)
 				{
 					$this->_field_data[$row['field']]['postdata'][$cycles] = (is_bool($result)) ? $postdata : $result;
 				}
@@ -664,7 +645,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 
 				// Is the parameter we are inserting into the error message the name
 				// of another field?  If so we need to grab its "field label"
-				if (isset($this->_field_data[$param]) AND isset($this->_field_data[$param]['label']))
+				if (isset($this->_field_data[$param], $this->_field_data[$param]['label']))
 				{
 					$param = $this->_translate_fieldname($this->_field_data[$param]['label']);
 				}
@@ -690,7 +671,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Translate a field name
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	the field name
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -698,7 +678,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	{
 		// Do we need to translate the field name?
 		// We look for the prefix lang: to determine this
-		if (substr($fieldname, 0, 5) == 'lang:')
+		if (substr($fieldname, 0, 5) === 'lang:')
 		{
 			// Grab the variable
 			$line = substr($fieldname, 5);
@@ -721,7 +701,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 * Permits you to repopulate a form field with the value it was submitted
 	 * with, or, if that value doesn't exist, with the default
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	the field name
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
@@ -734,7 +713,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 		}
 
 		// If the data is an array output them one at a time.
-		//     E.g: form_input('name[]', set_value('name[]');
+		//	E.g: form_input('name[]', set_value('name[]');
 		if (is_array($this->_field_data[$field]['postdata']))
 		{
 			return array_shift($this->_field_data[$field]['postdata']);
@@ -751,7 +730,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 * Enables pull-down lists to be set to the value the user
 	 * selected in the event of an error
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
@@ -795,7 +773,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 * Enables radio buttons to be set to the value the user
 	 * selected in the event of an error
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
@@ -839,40 +816,14 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 * Enables checkboxes to be set to the value the user
 	 * selected in the event of an error
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function set_checkbox($field = '', $value = '', $default = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ( ! isset($this->_field_data[$field]) OR ! isset($this->_field_data[$field]['postdata']))
-		{
-			if ($default === TRUE AND count($this->_field_data) === 0)
-			{
-				return ' checked="checked"';
-			}
-			return '';
-		}
-
-		$field = $this->_field_data[$field]['postdata'];
-
-		if (is_array($field))
-		{
-			if ( ! in_array($value, $field))
-			{
-				return '';
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			if (($field == '' OR $value == '') OR ($field != $value))
-			{
-				return '';
-			}
-		}
-
-		return ' checked="checked"';
+		// Logic is exactly the same as for radio fields
+		return $this->set_radio($field, $value, $default);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -880,20 +831,12 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Required
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function required($str)
 	{
-		if ( ! is_array($str))
-		{
-			return (trim($str) == '') ? FALSE : TRUE;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return ( ! empty($str));
-		}
+		return ( ! is_array($str)) ? (trim($str) !== '') : ( ! empty($str));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -901,19 +844,13 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Performs a Regular Expression match test.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	regex
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function regex_match($str, $regex)
 	{
-		if ( ! preg_match($regex, $str))
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		return  TRUE;
+		return (bool) preg_match($regex, $str);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -921,7 +858,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Match one field to another
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	field
 	 * @return	bool
@@ -935,33 +871,37 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 
 		$field = $_POST[$field];
 
-		return ($str !== $field) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+		return ($str === $field);
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
-	 * Match one field to another
+	 * Is Unique
+	 *
+	 * Check if the input value doesn't already exist
+	 * in the specified database field.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	field
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function is_unique($str, $field)
 	{
-		list($table, $field)=explode('.', $field);
-		$query = $this->CI->db->limit(1)->get_where($table, array($field => $str));
-		
-		return $query->num_rows() === 0;
-    }
+		list($table, $field) = explode('.', $field);
+		if (isset($this->CI->db))
+		{
+			$query = $this->CI->db->limit(1)->get_where($table, array($field => $str));
+			return $query->num_rows() === 0;
+		}
+		return FALSE;
+	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
 	 * Minimum Length
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	value
 	 * @return	bool
@@ -975,10 +915,10 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 
 		if (function_exists('mb_strlen'))
 		{
-			return (mb_strlen($str) < $val) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+			return ! (mb_strlen($str) < $val);
 		}
 
-		return (strlen($str) < $val) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+		return ! (strlen($str) < $val);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -986,7 +926,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Max Length
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	value
 	 * @return	bool
@@ -1000,10 +939,10 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 
 		if (function_exists('mb_strlen'))
 		{
-			return (mb_strlen($str) > $val) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+			return ! (mb_strlen($str) > $val);
 		}
 
-		return (strlen($str) > $val) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+		return ! (strlen($str) > $val);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1011,7 +950,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Exact Length
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	value
 	 * @return	bool
@@ -1025,10 +963,10 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 
 		if (function_exists('mb_strlen'))
 		{
-			return (mb_strlen($str) != $val) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+			return (mb_strlen($str) == $val);
 		}
 
-		return (strlen($str) != $val) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+		return (strlen($str) == $val);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1036,13 +974,12 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Valid Email
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function valid_email($str)
 	{
-		return ( ! preg_match("/^([a-z0-9\+_\-]+)(\.[a-z0-9\+_\-]+)*@([a-z0-9\-]+\.)+[a-z]{2,6}$/ix", $str)) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+		return (bool) preg_match('/^([a-z0-9\+_\-]+)(\.[a-z0-9\+_\-]+)*@([a-z0-9\-]+\.)+[a-z]{2,6}$/ix', $str);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1050,7 +987,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Valid Emails
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
@@ -1063,7 +999,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 
 		foreach (explode(',', $str) as $email)
 		{
-			if (trim($email) != '' && $this->valid_email(trim($email)) === FALSE)
+			if (trim($email) !== '' && $this->valid_email(trim($email)) === FALSE)
 			{
 				return FALSE;
 			}
@@ -1077,7 +1013,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Validate IP Address
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
@@ -1091,13 +1026,12 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Alpha
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function alpha($str)
 	{
-		return ( ! preg_match("/^([a-z])+$/i", $str)) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+		return (bool) preg_match('/^[a-z]+$/i', $str);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1105,13 +1039,12 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Alpha-numeric
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function alpha_numeric($str)
 	{
-		return ( ! preg_match("/^([a-z0-9])+$/i", $str)) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+		return (bool) preg_match('/^[a-z0-9]+$/i', $str);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1119,13 +1052,12 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Alpha-numeric with underscores and dashes
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function alpha_dash($str)
 	{
-		return ( ! preg_match("/^([-a-z0-9_-])+$/i", $str)) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+		return (bool) preg_match('/^[a-z0-9_-]+$/i', $str);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1133,13 +1065,12 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Numeric
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function numeric($str)
 	{
-		return (bool)preg_match( '/^[\-+]?[0-9]*\.?[0-9]+$/', $str);
+		return (bool) preg_match('/^[\-+]?[0-9]*\.?[0-9]+$/', $str);
 
 	}
 
@@ -1148,13 +1079,12 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Is Numeric
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function is_numeric($str)
 	{
-		return ( ! is_numeric($str)) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+		return is_numeric($str);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1162,7 +1092,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Integer
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
@@ -1176,7 +1105,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Decimal number
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
@@ -1190,7 +1118,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Greather than
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
@@ -1208,7 +1135,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Less than
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
@@ -1226,13 +1152,12 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Is a Natural number  (0,1,2,3, etc.)
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function is_natural($str)
 	{
-		return (bool) preg_match( '/^[0-9]+$/', $str);
+		return (bool) preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $str);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1240,23 +1165,12 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Is a Natural number, but not a zero  (1,2,3, etc.)
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function is_natural_no_zero($str)
 	{
-		if ( ! preg_match( '/^[0-9]+$/', $str))
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		if ($str == 0)
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
-		return TRUE;
+		return ($str != 0 AND preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $str));
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1267,7 +1181,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 * Tests a string for characters outside of the Base64 alphabet
 	 * as defined by RFC 2045 http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2045
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
@@ -1284,7 +1197,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 * This function allows HTML to be safely shown in a form.
 	 * Special characters are converted.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -1313,7 +1225,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Prep URL
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -1324,7 +1235,7 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 			return '';
 		}
 
-		if (substr($str, 0, 7) != 'http://' && substr($str, 0, 8) != 'https://')
+		if (substr($str, 0, 7) !== 'http://' && substr($str, 0, 8) !== 'https://')
 		{
 			$str = 'http://'.$str;
 		}
@@ -1337,7 +1248,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Strip Image Tags
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -1351,7 +1261,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * XSS Clean
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
@@ -1365,7 +1274,6 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	/**
 	 * Convert PHP tags to entities
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Ftp.php b/system/libraries/Ftp.php
index d7a8b3b02..ab395b0a0 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Ftp.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Ftp.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,18 +33,18 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/ftp.html
  */
 class CI_FTP {
 
-	var $hostname	= '';
-	var $username	= '';
-	var $password	= '';
-	var $port		= 21;
-	var $passive	= TRUE;
-	var $debug		= FALSE;
-	var $conn_id	= FALSE;
+	public $hostname	= '';
+	public $username	= '';
+	public $password	= '';
+	public $port		= 21;
+	public $passive	= TRUE;
+	public $debug		= FALSE;
+	public $conn_id	= FALSE;
 
 
 	/**
@@ -59,7 +71,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function initialize($config = array())
+	public function initialize($config = array())
 	{
 		foreach ($config as $key => $val)
 		{
@@ -82,7 +94,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @param	array	 the connection values
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function connect($config = array())
+	public function connect($config = array())
 	{
 		if (count($config) > 0)
 		{
@@ -124,7 +136,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _login()
+	private function _login()
 	{
 		return @ftp_login($this->conn_id, $this->username, $this->password);
 	}
@@ -137,7 +149,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function _is_conn()
+	private function _is_conn()
 	{
 		if ( ! is_resource($this->conn_id))
 		{
@@ -167,7 +179,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function changedir($path = '', $supress_debug = FALSE)
+	public function changedir($path = '', $supress_debug = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ($path == '' OR ! $this->_is_conn())
 		{
@@ -197,7 +209,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function mkdir($path = '', $permissions = NULL)
+	public function mkdir($path = '', $permissions = NULL)
 	{
 		if ($path == '' OR ! $this->_is_conn())
 		{
@@ -235,7 +247,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function upload($locpath, $rempath, $mode = 'auto', $permissions = NULL)
+	public function upload($locpath, $rempath, $mode = 'auto', $permissions = NULL)
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->_is_conn())
 		{
@@ -249,14 +261,14 @@ class CI_FTP {
 		}
 
 		// Set the mode if not specified
-		if ($mode == 'auto')
+		if ($mode === 'auto')
 		{
 			// Get the file extension so we can set the upload type
 			$ext = $this->_getext($locpath);
 			$mode = $this->_settype($ext);
 		}
 
-		$mode = ($mode == 'ascii') ? FTP_ASCII : FTP_BINARY;
+		$mode = ($mode === 'ascii') ? FTP_ASCII : FTP_BINARY;
 
 		$result = @ftp_put($this->conn_id, $rempath, $locpath, $mode);
 
@@ -289,7 +301,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function download($rempath, $locpath, $mode = 'auto')
+	public function download($rempath, $locpath, $mode = 'auto')
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->_is_conn())
 		{
@@ -297,14 +309,14 @@ class CI_FTP {
 		}
 
 		// Set the mode if not specified
-		if ($mode == 'auto')
+		if ($mode === 'auto')
 		{
 			// Get the file extension so we can set the upload type
 			$ext = $this->_getext($rempath);
 			$mode = $this->_settype($ext);
 		}
 
-		$mode = ($mode == 'ascii') ? FTP_ASCII : FTP_BINARY;
+		$mode = ($mode === 'ascii') ? FTP_ASCII : FTP_BINARY;
 
 		$result = @ftp_get($this->conn_id, $locpath, $rempath, $mode);
 
@@ -331,7 +343,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function rename($old_file, $new_file, $move = FALSE)
+	public function rename($old_file, $new_file, $move = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->_is_conn())
 		{
@@ -344,9 +356,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 		{
 			if ($this->debug == TRUE)
 			{
-				$msg = ($move == FALSE) ? 'ftp_unable_to_rename' : 'ftp_unable_to_move';
-
-				$this->_error($msg);
+				$this->_error('ftp_unable_to_' . ($move == FALSE ? 'rename' : 'move'));
 			}
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -364,7 +374,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function move($old_file, $new_file)
+	public function move($old_file, $new_file)
 	{
 		return $this->rename($old_file, $new_file, TRUE);
 	}
@@ -378,7 +388,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function delete_file($filepath)
+	public function delete_file($filepath)
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->_is_conn())
 		{
@@ -409,7 +419,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function delete_dir($filepath)
+	public function delete_dir($filepath)
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->_is_conn())
 		{
@@ -458,23 +468,13 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @param	string	the permissions
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function chmod($path, $perm)
+	public function chmod($path, $perm)
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->_is_conn())
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		// Permissions can only be set when running PHP 5
-		if ( ! function_exists('ftp_chmod'))
-		{
-			if ($this->debug == TRUE)
-			{
-				$this->_error('ftp_unable_to_chmod');
-			}
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-
 		$result = @ftp_chmod($this->conn_id, $perm, $path);
 
 		if ($result === FALSE)
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function list_files($path = '.')
+	public function list_files($path = '.')
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->_is_conn())
 		{
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @param	string	path to destination - include the base folder with trailing slash
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function mirror($locpath, $rempath)
+	public function mirror($locpath, $rempath)
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->_is_conn())
 		{
@@ -531,24 +531,20 @@ class CI_FTP {
 		// Open the local file path
 		if ($fp = @opendir($locpath))
 		{
-			// Attempt to open the remote file path.
-			if ( ! $this->changedir($rempath, TRUE))
+			// Attempt to open the remote file path and try to create it, if it doesn't exist
+			if ( ! $this->changedir($rempath, TRUE) AND ( ! $this->mkdir($rempath) OR ! $this->changedir($rempath)))
 			{
-				// If it doesn't exist we'll attempt to create the direcotory
-				if ( ! $this->mkdir($rempath) OR ! $this->changedir($rempath))
-				{
-					return FALSE;
-				}
+				return FALSE;
 			}
 
 			// Recursively read the local directory
 			while (FALSE !== ($file = readdir($fp)))
 			{
-				if (@is_dir($locpath.$file) && substr($file, 0, 1) != '.')
+				if (@is_dir($locpath.$file) && $file[0] !== '.')
 				{
 					$this->mirror($locpath.$file."/", $rempath.$file."/");
 				}
-				elseif (substr($file, 0, 1) != ".")
+				elseif ($file[0] !== ".")
 				{
 					// Get the file extension so we can se the upload type
 					$ext = $this->_getext($file);
@@ -573,7 +569,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _getext($filename)
+	private function _getext($filename)
 	{
 		if (FALSE === strpos($filename, '.'))
 		{
@@ -594,7 +590,7 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _settype($ext)
+	private function _settype($ext)
 	{
 		$text_types = array(
 							'txt',
@@ -622,18 +618,16 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 * Close the connection
 	 *
 	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	string	path to source
-	 * @param	string	path to destination
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function close()
+	public function close()
 	{
 		if ( ! $this->_is_conn())
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		@ftp_close($this->conn_id);
+		return @ftp_close($this->conn_id);
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -643,9 +637,9 @@ class CI_FTP {
 	 *
 	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	bool
+	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _error($line)
+	private function _error($line)
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 		$CI->lang->load('ftp');
@@ -657,4 +651,4 @@ class CI_FTP {
 // END FTP Class
 
 /* End of file Ftp.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Ftp.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Ftp.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Image_lib.php b/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
index a8a0387d8..5ea830fb1 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
@@ -1,87 +1,91 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Image Manipulation class
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Image_lib
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/image_lib.html
  */
 class CI_Image_lib {
 
-	var $image_library		= 'gd2';	// Can be:  imagemagick, netpbm, gd, gd2
-	var $library_path		= '';
-	var $dynamic_output		= FALSE;	// Whether to send to browser or write to disk
-	var $source_image		= '';
-	var $new_image			= '';
-	var $width				= '';
-	var $height				= '';
-	var $quality			= '90';
-	var $create_thumb		= FALSE;
-	var $thumb_marker		= '_thumb';
-	var $maintain_ratio		= TRUE;		// Whether to maintain aspect ratio when resizing or use hard values
-	var $master_dim			= 'auto';	// auto, height, or width.  Determines what to use as the master dimension
-	var $rotation_angle		= '';
-	var $x_axis				= '';
-	var	$y_axis				= '';
+	public $image_library		= 'gd2';	// Can be:  imagemagick, netpbm, gd, gd2
+	public $library_path		= '';
+	public $dynamic_output		= FALSE;	// Whether to send to browser or write to disk
+	public $source_image		= '';
+	public $new_image			= '';
+	public $width				= '';
+	public $height				= '';
+	public $quality			= '90';
+	public $create_thumb		= FALSE;
+	public $thumb_marker		= '_thumb';
+	public $maintain_ratio		= TRUE;		// Whether to maintain aspect ratio when resizing or use hard values
+	public $master_dim			= 'auto';	// auto, height, or width.  Determines what to use as the master dimension
+	public $rotation_angle		= '';
+	public $x_axis				= '';
+	public $y_axis				= '';
 
 	// Watermark Vars
-	var $wm_text			= '';			// Watermark text if graphic is not used
-	var $wm_type			= 'text';		// Type of watermarking.  Options:  text/overlay
-	var $wm_x_transp		= 4;
-	var $wm_y_transp		= 4;
-	var $wm_overlay_path	= '';			// Watermark image path
-	var $wm_font_path		= '';			// TT font
-	var $wm_font_size		= 17;			// Font size (different versions of GD will either use points or pixels)
-	var $wm_vrt_alignment	= 'B';			// Vertical alignment:   T M B
-	var $wm_hor_alignment	= 'C';			// Horizontal alignment: L R C
-	var $wm_padding			= 0;			// Padding around text
-	var $wm_hor_offset		= 0;			// Lets you push text to the right
-	var $wm_vrt_offset		= 0;			// Lets you push  text down
-	var $wm_font_color		= '#ffffff';	// Text color
-	var $wm_shadow_color	= '';			// Dropshadow color
-	var $wm_shadow_distance	= 2;			// Dropshadow distance
-	var $wm_opacity			= 50;			// Image opacity: 1 - 100  Only works with image
+	public $wm_text			= '';			// Watermark text if graphic is not used
+	public $wm_type			= 'text';		// Type of watermarking.  Options:  text/overlay
+	public $wm_x_transp		= 4;
+	public $wm_y_transp		= 4;
+	public $wm_overlay_path	= '';			// Watermark image path
+	public $wm_font_path		= '';			// TT font
+	public $wm_font_size		= 17;			// Font size (different versions of GD will either use points or pixels)
+	public $wm_vrt_alignment	= 'B';			// Vertical alignment:   T M B
+	public $wm_hor_alignment	= 'C';			// Horizontal alignment: L R C
+	public $wm_padding			= 0;			// Padding around text
+	public $wm_hor_offset		= 0;			// Lets you push text to the right
+	public $wm_vrt_offset		= 0;			// Lets you push  text down
+	protected $wm_font_color		= '#ffffff';	// Text color
+	protected $wm_shadow_color		= '';	// Dropshadow color
+	public $wm_shadow_distance	= 2;			// Dropshadow distance
+	public $wm_opacity			= 50;			// Image opacity: 1 - 100  Only works with image
 
 	// Private Vars
-	var $source_folder		= '';
-	var $dest_folder		= '';
-	var $mime_type			= '';
-	var $orig_width			= '';
-	var $orig_height		= '';
-	var $image_type			= '';
-	var $size_str			= '';
-	var $full_src_path		= '';
-	var $full_dst_path		= '';
-	var $create_fnc			= 'imagecreatetruecolor';
-	var $copy_fnc			= 'imagecopyresampled';
-	var $error_msg			= array();
-	var $wm_use_drop_shadow	= FALSE;
-	var $wm_use_truetype	= FALSE;
+	public $source_folder		= '';
+	public $dest_folder		= '';
+	public $mime_type			= '';
+	public $orig_width			= '';
+	public $orig_height		= '';
+	public $image_type			= '';
+	public $size_str			= '';
+	public $full_src_path		= '';
+	public $full_dst_path		= '';
+	public $create_fnc			= 'imagecreatetruecolor';
+	public $copy_fnc			= 'imagecopyresampled';
+	public $error_msg			= array();
+	protected $wm_use_drop_shadow	= FALSE;
+	public $wm_use_truetype	= FALSE;
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 *
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	void
-	 */
 	public function __construct($props = array())
 	{
 		if (count($props) > 0)
@@ -89,7 +93,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			$this->initialize($props);
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', "Image Lib Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Image Lib Class Initialized');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -99,20 +103,41 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 *
 	 * Resets values in case this class is used in a loop
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function clear()
+	public function clear()
 	{
-		$props = array('source_folder', 'dest_folder', 'source_image', 'full_src_path', 'full_dst_path', 'new_image', 'image_type', 'size_str', 'quality', 'orig_width', 'orig_height', 'rotation_angle', 'x_axis', 'y_axis', 'create_fnc', 'copy_fnc', 'wm_overlay_path', 'wm_use_truetype', 'dynamic_output', 'wm_font_size', 'wm_text', 'wm_vrt_alignment', 'wm_hor_alignment', 'wm_padding', 'wm_hor_offset', 'wm_vrt_offset', 'wm_font_color', 'wm_use_drop_shadow', 'wm_shadow_color', 'wm_shadow_distance', 'wm_opacity');
+		$props = array('library_path', 'source_image', 'new_image', 'width', 'height', 'rotation_angle', 'x_axis', 'y_axis', 'wm_text', 'wm_overlay_path', 'wm_font_path', 'wm_shadow_color', 'source_folder', 'dest_folder', 'mime_type', 'orig_width', 'orig_height', 'image_type', 'size_str', 'full_src_path', 'full_dst_path');
 
 		foreach ($props as $val)
 		{
 			$this->$val = '';
 		}
 
-		// special consideration for master_dim
-		$this->master_dim = 'auto';
+		$this->image_library 		= 'gd2';
+		$this->dynamic_output 		= FALSE;
+		$this->quality 				= '90';
+		$this->create_thumb 		= FALSE;
+		$this->thumb_marker 		= '_thumb';
+		$this->maintain_ratio 		= TRUE;
+		$this->master_dim 			= 'auto';
+		$this->wm_type 				= 'text';
+		$this->wm_x_transp 			= 4;
+		$this->wm_y_transp 			= 4;
+		$this->wm_font_size 		= 17;
+		$this->wm_vrt_alignment 	= 'B';
+		$this->wm_hor_alignment 	= 'C';
+		$this->wm_padding 			= 0;
+		$this->wm_hor_offset 		= 0;
+		$this->wm_vrt_offset 		= 0;
+		$this->wm_font_color		= '#ffffff';
+		$this->wm_shadow_distance 	= 2;
+		$this->wm_opacity 			= 50;
+		$this->create_fnc 			= 'imagecreatetruecolor';
+		$this->copy_fnc 			= 'imagecopyresampled';
+		$this->error_msg 			= array();
+		$this->wm_use_drop_shadow 	= FALSE;
+		$this->wm_use_truetype 		= FALSE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -120,42 +145,58 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	/**
 	 * initialize image preferences
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function initialize($props = array())
+	public function initialize($props = array())
 	{
-		/*
-		 * Convert array elements into class variables
-		 */
+		// Convert array elements into class variables
 		if (count($props) > 0)
 		{
 			foreach ($props as $key => $val)
 			{
-				$this->$key = $val;
+				if (property_exists($this, $key))
+				{
+					if (in_array($key, array('wm_font_color', 'wm_shadow_color')))
+					{
+						if (preg_match('/^#?([0-9a-f]{3}|[0-9a-f]{6})$/i', $val, $matches))
+						{
+							/* $matches[1] contains our hex color value, but it might be
+							 * both in the full 6-length format or the shortened 3-length
+							 * value.
+							 * We'll later need the full version, so we keep it if it's
+							 * already there and if not - we'll convert to it. We can
+							 * access string characters by their index as in an array,
+							 * so we'll do that and use concatenation to form the final
+							 * value:
+							 */
+							$val = (strlen($matches[1]) === 6)
+								? '#'.$matches[1]
+								: '#'.$matches[1][0].$matches[1][0].$matches[1][1].$matches[1][1].$matches[1][2].$matches[1][2];
+						}
+						else
+						{
+							continue;
+						}
+					}
+
+					$this->$key = $val;
+				}
 			}
 		}
 
-		/*
-		 * Is there a source image?
-		 *
-		 * If not, there's no reason to continue
-		 *
-		 */
+		// Is there a source image? If not, there's no reason to continue
 		if ($this->source_image == '')
 		{
 			$this->set_error('imglib_source_image_required');
-			return FALSE;	
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		/*
-		 * Is getimagesize() Available?
+		/* Is getimagesize() available?
 		 *
 		 * We use it to determine the image properties (width/height).
-		 * Note:  We need to figure out how to determine image
+		 * Note: We need to figure out how to determine image
 		 * properties using ImageMagick and NetPBM
-		 *
 		 */
 		if ( ! function_exists('getimagesize'))
 		{
@@ -165,17 +206,15 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 
 		$this->image_library = strtolower($this->image_library);
 
-		/*
-		 * Set the full server path
+		/* Set the full server path
 		 *
 		 * The source image may or may not contain a path.
 		 * Either way, we'll try use realpath to generate the
 		 * full server path in order to more reliably read it.
-		 *
 		 */
-		if (function_exists('realpath') AND @realpath($this->source_image) !== FALSE)
+		if (function_exists('realpath') && @realpath($this->source_image) !== FALSE)
 		{
-			$full_source_path = str_replace("\\", "/", realpath($this->source_image));
+			$full_source_path = str_replace('\\', '/', realpath($this->source_image));
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -189,7 +228,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		// Set the Image Properties
 		if ( ! $this->get_image_properties($this->source_folder.$this->source_image))
 		{
-			return FALSE;	
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -197,64 +236,58 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		 *
 		 * If the user has set a "new_image" name it means
 		 * we are making a copy of the source image. If not
-		 * it means we are altering the original.  We'll
+		 * it means we are altering the original. We'll
 		 * set the destination filename and path accordingly.
-		 *
 		 */
 		if ($this->new_image == '')
 		{
 			$this->dest_image = $this->source_image;
 			$this->dest_folder = $this->source_folder;
 		}
+		elseif (strpos($this->new_image, '/') === FALSE)
+		{
+			$this->dest_folder = $this->source_folder;
+			$this->dest_image = $this->new_image;
+		}
 		else
 		{
-			if (strpos($this->new_image, '/') === FALSE)
+			if (function_exists('realpath') && @realpath($this->new_image) !== FALSE)
 			{
-				$this->dest_folder = $this->source_folder;
-				$this->dest_image = $this->new_image;
+				$full_dest_path = str_replace('\\', '/', realpath($this->new_image));
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				if (function_exists('realpath') AND @realpath($this->new_image) !== FALSE)
-				{
-					$full_dest_path = str_replace("\\", "/", realpath($this->new_image));
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$full_dest_path = $this->new_image;
-				}
+				$full_dest_path = $this->new_image;
+			}
 
-				// Is there a file name?
-				if ( ! preg_match("#\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$#i", $full_dest_path))
-				{
-					$this->dest_folder = $full_dest_path.'/';
-					$this->dest_image = $this->source_image;
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$x = explode('/', $full_dest_path);
-					$this->dest_image = end($x);
-					$this->dest_folder = str_replace($this->dest_image, '', $full_dest_path);
-				}
+			// Is there a file name?
+			if ( ! preg_match('#\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$#i', $full_dest_path))
+			{
+				$this->dest_folder = $full_dest_path.'/';
+				$this->dest_image = $this->source_image;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				$x = explode('/', $full_dest_path);
+				$this->dest_image = end($x);
+				$this->dest_folder = str_replace($this->dest_image, '', $full_dest_path);
 			}
 		}
 
-		/*
-		 * Compile the finalized filenames/paths
+		/* Compile the finalized filenames/paths
 		 *
 		 * We'll create two master strings containing the
 		 * full server path to the source image and the
 		 * full server path to the destination image.
 		 * We'll also split the destination image name
 		 * so we can insert the thumbnail marker if needed.
-		 *
 		 */
 		if ($this->create_thumb === FALSE OR $this->thumb_marker == '')
 		{
 			$this->thumb_marker = '';
 		}
 
-		$xp	= $this->explode_name($this->dest_image);
+		$xp = $this->explode_name($this->dest_image);
 
 		$filename = $xp['name'];
 		$file_ext = $xp['ext'];
@@ -262,69 +295,58 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		$this->full_src_path = $this->source_folder.$this->source_image;
 		$this->full_dst_path = $this->dest_folder.$filename.$this->thumb_marker.$file_ext;
 
-		/*
-		 * Should we maintain image proportions?
+		/* Should we maintain image proportions?
 		 *
 		 * When creating thumbs or copies, the target width/height
 		 * might not be in correct proportion with the source
-		 * image's width/height.  We'll recalculate it here.
-		 *
+		 * image's width/height. We'll recalculate it here.
 		 */
-		if ($this->maintain_ratio === TRUE && ($this->width != '' AND $this->height != ''))
+		if ($this->maintain_ratio === TRUE && ($this->width != 0 OR $this->height != 0))
 		{
 			$this->image_reproportion();
 		}
 
-		/*
-		 * Was a width and height specified?
-		 *
-		 * If the destination width/height was
-		 * not submitted we will use the values
-		 * from the actual file
+		/* Was a width and height specified?
 		 *
+		 * If the destination width/height was not submitted we
+		 * will use the values from the actual file
 		 */
 		if ($this->width == '')
+		{
 			$this->width = $this->orig_width;
+		}
 
 		if ($this->height == '')
+		{
 			$this->height = $this->orig_height;
+		}
 
 		// Set the quality
-		$this->quality = trim(str_replace("%", "", $this->quality));
+		$this->quality = trim(str_replace('%', '', $this->quality));
 
-		if ($this->quality == '' OR $this->quality == 0 OR ! is_numeric($this->quality))
+		if ($this->quality == '' OR $this->quality == 0 OR ! preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $this->quality))
+		{
 			$this->quality = 90;
+		}
 
 		// Set the x/y coordinates
-		$this->x_axis = ($this->x_axis == '' OR ! is_numeric($this->x_axis)) ? 0 : $this->x_axis;
-		$this->y_axis = ($this->y_axis == '' OR ! is_numeric($this->y_axis)) ? 0 : $this->y_axis;
+		$this->x_axis = ($this->x_axis == '' OR ! preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $this->x_axis)) ? 0 : $this->x_axis;
+		$this->y_axis = ($this->y_axis == '' OR ! preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $this->y_axis)) ? 0 : $this->y_axis;
 
 		// Watermark-related Stuff...
-		if ($this->wm_font_color != '')
-		{
-			if (strlen($this->wm_font_color) == 6)
-			{
-				$this->wm_font_color = '#'.$this->wm_font_color;
-			}
-		}
-
-		if ($this->wm_shadow_color != '')
-		{
-			if (strlen($this->wm_shadow_color) == 6)
-			{
-				$this->wm_shadow_color = '#'.$this->wm_shadow_color;
-			}
-		}
-
 		if ($this->wm_overlay_path != '')
 		{
-			$this->wm_overlay_path = str_replace("\\", "/", realpath($this->wm_overlay_path));
+			$this->wm_overlay_path = str_replace('\\', '/', realpath($this->wm_overlay_path));
 		}
 
 		if ($this->wm_shadow_color != '')
 		{
 			$this->wm_use_drop_shadow = TRUE;
 		}
+		elseif ($this->wm_use_drop_shadow == TRUE && $this->wm_shadow_color == '')
+		{
+			$this->wm_use_drop_shadow = FALSE;
+		}
 
 		if ($this->wm_font_path != '')
 		{
@@ -342,18 +364,11 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 * This is a wrapper function that chooses the proper
 	 * resize function based on the protocol specified
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function resize()
+	public function resize()
 	{
-		$protocol = 'image_process_'.$this->image_library;
-
-		if (preg_match('/gd2$/i', $protocol))
-		{
-			$protocol = 'image_process_gd';
-		}
-
+		$protocol = ($this->image_library === 'gd2') ? 'image_process_gd' : 'image_process_'.$this->image_library;
 		return $this->$protocol('resize');
 	}
 
@@ -365,18 +380,11 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 * This is a wrapper function that chooses the proper
 	 * cropping function based on the protocol specified
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function crop()
+	public function crop()
 	{
-		$protocol = 'image_process_'.$this->image_library;
-
-		if (preg_match('/gd2$/i', $protocol))
-		{
-			$protocol = 'image_process_gd';
-		}
-
+		$protocol = ($this->image_library === 'gd2') ? 'image_process_gd' : 'image_process_'.$this->image_library;
 		return $this->$protocol('crop');
 	}
 
@@ -388,10 +396,9 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 * This is a wrapper function that chooses the proper
 	 * rotation function based on the protocol specified
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function rotate()
+	public function rotate()
 	{
 		// Allowed rotation values
 		$degs = array(90, 180, 270, 'vrt', 'hor');
@@ -399,7 +406,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		if ($this->rotation_angle == '' OR ! in_array($this->rotation_angle, $degs))
 		{
 			$this->set_error('imglib_rotation_angle_required');
-			return FALSE;	
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		// Reassign the width and height
@@ -414,23 +421,16 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			$this->height	= $this->orig_height;
 		}
 
-
 		// Choose resizing function
-		if ($this->image_library == 'imagemagick' OR $this->image_library == 'netpbm')
+		if ($this->image_library === 'imagemagick' OR $this->image_library === 'netpbm')
 		{
 			$protocol = 'image_process_'.$this->image_library;
-
 			return $this->$protocol('rotate');
 		}
 
-		if ($this->rotation_angle == 'hor' OR $this->rotation_angle == 'vrt')
-		{
-			return $this->image_mirror_gd();
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return $this->image_rotate_gd();
-		}
+		return ($this->rotation_angle === 'hor' OR $this->rotation_angle === 'vrt')
+			? $this->image_mirror_gd()
+			: $this->image_rotate_gd();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -440,36 +440,29 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 *
 	 * This function will resize or crop
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function image_process_gd($action = 'resize')
+	public function image_process_gd($action = 'resize')
 	{
 		$v2_override = FALSE;
 
 		// If the target width/height match the source, AND if the new file name is not equal to the old file name
 		// we'll simply make a copy of the original with the new name... assuming dynamic rendering is off.
-		if ($this->dynamic_output === FALSE)
+		if ($this->dynamic_output === FALSE && $this->orig_width == $this->width && $this->orig_height == $this->height)
 		{
-			if ($this->orig_width == $this->width AND $this->orig_height == $this->height)
+			if ($this->source_image != $this->new_image && @copy($this->full_src_path, $this->full_dst_path))
 			{
-				if ($this->source_image != $this->new_image)
-				{
-					if (@copy($this->full_src_path, $this->full_dst_path))
-					{
-						@chmod($this->full_dst_path, FILE_WRITE_MODE);
-					}
-				}
-
-				return TRUE;
+				@chmod($this->full_dst_path, FILE_WRITE_MODE);
 			}
+
+			return TRUE;
 		}
 
 		// Let's set up our values based on the action
 		if ($action == 'crop')
 		{
-			//  Reassign the source width/height if cropping
+			// Reassign the source width/height if cropping
 			$this->orig_width  = $this->width;
 			$this->orig_height = $this->height;
 
@@ -493,14 +486,15 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		//  Create The Image
-		//
-		//  old conditional which users report cause problems with shared GD libs who report themselves as "2.0 or greater"
-		//  it appears that this is no longer the issue that it was in 2004, so we've removed it, retaining it in the comment
-		//  below should that ever prove inaccurate.
-		//
-		//  if ($this->image_library == 'gd2' AND function_exists('imagecreatetruecolor') AND $v2_override == FALSE)
-		if ($this->image_library == 'gd2' AND function_exists('imagecreatetruecolor'))
+		/* Create the image
+		 *
+		 * Old conditional which users report cause problems with shared GD libs who report themselves as "2.0 or greater"
+		 * it appears that this is no longer the issue that it was in 2004, so we've removed it, retaining it in the comment
+		 * below should that ever prove inaccurate.
+		 *
+		 * if ($this->image_library === 'gd2' && function_exists('imagecreatetruecolor') && $v2_override == FALSE)
+		 */
+		if ($this->image_library === 'gd2' && function_exists('imagecreatetruecolor'))
 		{
 			$create	= 'imagecreatetruecolor';
 			$copy	= 'imagecopyresampled';
@@ -521,21 +515,17 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 
 		$copy($dst_img, $src_img, 0, 0, $this->x_axis, $this->y_axis, $this->width, $this->height, $this->orig_width, $this->orig_height);
 
-		//  Show the image
+		// Show the image
 		if ($this->dynamic_output == TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->image_display_gd($dst_img);
 		}
-		else
+		elseif ( ! $this->image_save_gd($dst_img)) // Or save it
 		{
-			// Or save it
-			if ( ! $this->image_save_gd($dst_img))
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		//  Kill the file handles
+		// Kill the file handles
 		imagedestroy($dst_img);
 		imagedestroy($src_img);
 
@@ -552,11 +542,10 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 *
 	 * This function will resize, crop or rotate
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function image_process_imagemagick($action = 'resize')
+	public function image_process_imagemagick($action = 'resize')
 	{
 		//  Do we have a vaild library path?
 		if ($this->library_path == '')
@@ -565,44 +554,34 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		if ( ! preg_match("/convert$/i", $this->library_path))
+		if ( ! preg_match('/convert$/i', $this->library_path))
 		{
-			$this->library_path = rtrim($this->library_path, '/').'/';
-
-			$this->library_path .= 'convert';
+			$this->library_path = rtrim($this->library_path, '/').'/convert';
 		}
 
 		// Execute the command
-		$cmd = $this->library_path." -quality ".$this->quality;
+		$cmd = $this->library_path.' -quality '.$this->quality;
 
 		if ($action == 'crop')
 		{
-			$cmd .= " -crop ".$this->width."x".$this->height."+".$this->x_axis."+".$this->y_axis." \"$this->full_src_path\" \"$this->full_dst_path\" 2>&1";
+			$cmd .= ' -crop '.$this->width.'x'.$this->height.'+'.$this->x_axis.'+'.$this->y_axis.' "'.$this->full_src_path.'" "'.$this->full_dst_path .'" 2>&1';
 		}
 		elseif ($action == 'rotate')
 		{
-			switch ($this->rotation_angle)
-			{
-				case 'hor'	: $angle = '-flop';
-					break;
-				case 'vrt'	: $angle = '-flip';
-					break;
-				default		: $angle = '-rotate '.$this->rotation_angle;
-					break;
-			}
+			$angle = ($this->rotation_angle === 'hor' OR $this->rotation_angle === 'vrt')
+					? '-flop' : '-rotate '.$this->rotation_angle;
 
-			$cmd .= " ".$angle." \"$this->full_src_path\" \"$this->full_dst_path\" 2>&1";
+			$cmd .= ' '.$angle.' "'.$this->full_src_path.'" "'.$this->full_dst_path.'" 2>&1';
 		}
-		else  // Resize
+		else // Resize
 		{
-			$cmd .= " -resize ".$this->width."x".$this->height." \"$this->full_src_path\" \"$this->full_dst_path\" 2>&1";
+			$cmd .= ' -resize '.$this->width.'x'.$this->height.' "'.$this->full_src_path.'" "'.$this->full_dst_path.'" 2>&1';
 		}
 
 		$retval = 1;
-
 		@exec($cmd, $output, $retval);
 
-		//	Did it work?
+		// Did it work?
 		if ($retval > 0)
 		{
 			$this->set_error('imglib_image_process_failed');
@@ -622,11 +601,10 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 *
 	 * This function will resize, crop or rotate
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function image_process_netpbm($action = 'resize')
+	public function image_process_netpbm($action = 'resize')
 	{
 		if ($this->library_path == '')
 		{
@@ -634,7 +612,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		//  Build the resizing command
+		// Build the resizing command
 		switch ($this->image_type)
 		{
 			case 1 :
@@ -681,10 +659,9 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		$cmd = $this->library_path.$cmd_in.' '.$this->full_src_path.' | '.$cmd_inner.' | '.$cmd_out.' > '.$this->dest_folder.'netpbm.tmp';
 
 		$retval = 1;
-
 		@exec($cmd, $output, $retval);
 
-		//  Did it work?
+		// Did it work?
 		if ($retval > 0)
 		{
 			$this->set_error('imglib_image_process_failed');
@@ -695,7 +672,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		// If you try manipulating the original it fails so
 		// we have to rename the temp file.
 		copy ($this->dest_folder.'netpbm.tmp', $this->full_dst_path);
-		unlink ($this->dest_folder.'netpbm.tmp');
+		unlink($this->dest_folder.'netpbm.tmp');
 		@chmod($this->full_dst_path, FILE_WRITE_MODE);
 
 		return TRUE;
@@ -706,12 +683,11 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	/**
 	 * Image Rotate Using GD
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function image_rotate_gd()
+	public function image_rotate_gd()
 	{
-		//  Create the image handle
+		// Create the image handle
 		if ( ! ($src_img = $this->image_create_gd()))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
@@ -724,29 +700,24 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 
 		$white	= imagecolorallocate($src_img, 255, 255, 255);
 
-		//  Rotate it!
+		// Rotate it!
 		$dst_img = imagerotate($src_img, $this->rotation_angle, $white);
 
-		//  Save the Image
+		// Show the image
 		if ($this->dynamic_output == TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->image_display_gd($dst_img);
 		}
-		else
+		elseif ( ! $this->image_save_gd($dst_img)) // ... or save it
 		{
-			// Or save it
-			if ( ! $this->image_save_gd($dst_img))
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		//  Kill the file handles
+		// Kill the file handles
 		imagedestroy($dst_img);
 		imagedestroy($src_img);
 
 		// Set the file to 777
-
 		@chmod($this->full_dst_path, FILE_WRITE_MODE);
 
 		return TRUE;
@@ -759,10 +730,9 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 *
 	 * This function will flip horizontal or vertical
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function image_mirror_gd()
+	public function image_mirror_gd()
 	{
 		if ( ! $src_img = $this->image_create_gd())
 		{
@@ -772,13 +742,10 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		$width  = $this->orig_width;
 		$height = $this->orig_height;
 
-		if ($this->rotation_angle == 'hor')
+		if ($this->rotation_angle === 'hor')
 		{
-			for ($i = 0; $i < $height; $i++)
+			for ($i = 0; $i < $height; $i++, $left = 0, $right = $width-1)
 			{
-				$left  = 0;
-				$right = $width-1;
-
 				while ($left < $right)
 				{
 					$cl = imagecolorat($src_img, $left, $i);
@@ -794,11 +761,8 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			for ($i = 0; $i < $width; $i++)
+			for ($i = 0; $i < $width; $i++, $top = 0, $bot = $height-1)
 			{
-				$top = 0;
-				$bot = $height-1;
-
 				while ($top < $bot)
 				{
 					$ct = imagecolorat($src_img, $i, $top);
@@ -813,21 +777,17 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			}
 		}
 
-		//  Show the image
+		// Show the image
 		if ($this->dynamic_output == TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->image_display_gd($src_img);
 		}
-		else
+		elseif ( ! $this->image_save_gd($src_img)) // ... or save it
 		{
-			// Or save it
-			if ( ! $this->image_save_gd($src_img))
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		//  Kill the file handles
+		// Kill the file handles
 		imagedestroy($src_img);
 
 		// Set the file to 777
@@ -844,20 +804,12 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 * This is a wrapper function that chooses the type
 	 * of watermarking based on the specified preference.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function watermark()
+	public function watermark()
 	{
-		if ($this->wm_type == 'overlay')
-		{
-			return $this->overlay_watermark();
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return $this->text_watermark();
-		}
+		return ($this->wm_type === 'overlay') ? $this->overlay_watermark() : $this->text_watermark();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -865,10 +817,9 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	/**
 	 * Watermark - Graphic Version
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function overlay_watermark()
+	public function overlay_watermark()
 	{
 		if ( ! function_exists('imagecolortransparent'))
 		{
@@ -876,28 +827,28 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		//  Fetch source image properties
+		// Fetch source image properties
 		$this->get_image_properties();
 
-		//  Fetch watermark image properties
-		$props			= $this->get_image_properties($this->wm_overlay_path, TRUE);
+		// Fetch watermark image properties
+		$props		= $this->get_image_properties($this->wm_overlay_path, TRUE);
 		$wm_img_type	= $props['image_type'];
-		$wm_width		= $props['width'];
-		$wm_height		= $props['height'];
+		$wm_width	= $props['width'];
+		$wm_height	= $props['height'];
 
-		//  Create two image resources
+		// Create two image resources
 		$wm_img  = $this->image_create_gd($this->wm_overlay_path, $wm_img_type);
 		$src_img = $this->image_create_gd($this->full_src_path);
 
 		// Reverse the offset if necessary
 		// When the image is positioned at the bottom
 		// we don't want the vertical offset to push it
-		// further down.  We want the reverse, so we'll
-		// invert the offset.  Same with the horizontal
+		// further down. We want the reverse, so we'll
+		// invert the offset. Same with the horizontal
 		// offset when the image is at the right
 
-		$this->wm_vrt_alignment = strtoupper(substr($this->wm_vrt_alignment, 0, 1));
-		$this->wm_hor_alignment = strtoupper(substr($this->wm_hor_alignment, 0, 1));
+		$this->wm_vrt_alignment = strtoupper($this->wm_vrt_alignment[0]);
+		$this->wm_hor_alignment = strtoupper($this->wm_hor_alignment[0]);
 
 		if ($this->wm_vrt_alignment == 'B')
 			$this->wm_vrt_offset = $this->wm_vrt_offset * -1;
@@ -905,34 +856,32 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		if ($this->wm_hor_alignment == 'R')
 			$this->wm_hor_offset = $this->wm_hor_offset * -1;
 
-		//  Set the base x and y axis values
+		// Set the base x and y axis values
 		$x_axis = $this->wm_hor_offset + $this->wm_padding;
 		$y_axis = $this->wm_vrt_offset + $this->wm_padding;
 
-		//  Set the vertical position
-		switch ($this->wm_vrt_alignment)
+		// Set the vertical position
+		if ($this->wm_vrt_alignment === 'M')
 		{
-			case 'T':
-				break;
-			case 'M':	$y_axis += ($this->orig_height / 2) - ($wm_height / 2);
-				break;
-			case 'B':	$y_axis += $this->orig_height - $wm_height;
-				break;
+			$y_axis += ($this->orig_height / 2) - ($wm_height / 2);
+		}
+		elseif ($this->wm_vrt_alignment === 'B')
+		{
+			$y_axis += $this->orig_height - $wm_height;
 		}
 
-		//  Set the horizontal position
-		switch ($this->wm_hor_alignment)
+		// Set the horizontal position
+		if ($this->wm_hor_alignment === 'C')
 		{
-			case 'L':
-				break;
-			case 'C':	$x_axis += ($this->orig_width / 2) - ($wm_width / 2);
-				break;
-			case 'R':	$x_axis += $this->orig_width - $wm_width;
-				break;
+			$x_axis += ($this->orig_width / 2) - ($wm_width / 2);
+		}
+		elseif ($this->wm_hor_alignment === 'R')
+		{
+			$x_axis += $this->orig_width - $wm_width;
 		}
 
 		//  Build the finalized image
-		if ($wm_img_type == 3 AND function_exists('imagealphablending'))
+		if ($wm_img_type == 3 && function_exists('imagealphablending'))
 		{
 			@imagealphablending($src_img, TRUE);
 		}
@@ -954,17 +903,14 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 			imagecopymerge($src_img, $wm_img, $x_axis, $y_axis, 0, 0, $wm_width, $wm_height, $this->wm_opacity);
 		}
 
-		//  Output the image
+		// Output the image
 		if ($this->dynamic_output == TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->image_display_gd($src_img);
 		}
-		else
+		elseif ( ! $this->image_save_gd($src_img)) // ... or save it
 		{
-			if ( ! $this->image_save_gd($src_img))
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		imagedestroy($src_img);
@@ -978,45 +924,29 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	/**
 	 * Watermark - Text Version
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function text_watermark()
+	public function text_watermark()
 	{
 		if ( ! ($src_img = $this->image_create_gd()))
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		if ($this->wm_use_truetype == TRUE AND ! file_exists($this->wm_font_path))
+		if ($this->wm_use_truetype == TRUE && ! file_exists($this->wm_font_path))
 		{
 			$this->set_error('imglib_missing_font');
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		//  Fetch source image properties
+		// Fetch source image properties
 		$this->get_image_properties();
 
-		// Set RGB values for text and shadow
-		$this->wm_font_color	= str_replace('#', '', $this->wm_font_color);
-		$this->wm_shadow_color	= str_replace('#', '', $this->wm_shadow_color);
-
-		$R1 = hexdec(substr($this->wm_font_color, 0, 2));
-		$G1 = hexdec(substr($this->wm_font_color, 2, 2));
-		$B1 = hexdec(substr($this->wm_font_color, 4, 2));
-
-		$R2 = hexdec(substr($this->wm_shadow_color, 0, 2));
-		$G2 = hexdec(substr($this->wm_shadow_color, 2, 2));
-		$B2 = hexdec(substr($this->wm_shadow_color, 4, 2));
-
-		$txt_color	= imagecolorclosest($src_img, $R1, $G1, $B1);
-		$drp_color	= imagecolorclosest($src_img, $R2, $G2, $B2);
-
 		// Reverse the vertical offset
 		// When the image is positioned at the bottom
 		// we don't want the vertical offset to push it
-		// further down.  We want the reverse, so we'll
-		// invert the offset.  Note: The horizontal
+		// further down. We want the reverse, so we'll
+		// invert the offset. Note: The horizontal
 		// offset flips itself automatically
 
 		if ($this->wm_vrt_alignment == 'B')
@@ -1031,7 +961,9 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		if ($this->wm_use_truetype == TRUE)
 		{
 			if ($this->wm_font_size == '')
-				$this->wm_font_size = '17';
+			{
+				$this->wm_font_size = 17;
+			}
 
 			$fontwidth  = $this->wm_font_size-($this->wm_font_size/4);
 			$fontheight = $this->wm_font_size;
@@ -1047,58 +979,64 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		$x_axis = $this->wm_hor_offset + $this->wm_padding;
 		$y_axis = $this->wm_vrt_offset + $this->wm_padding;
 
-		// Set verticle alignment
 		if ($this->wm_use_drop_shadow == FALSE)
 			$this->wm_shadow_distance = 0;
 
 		$this->wm_vrt_alignment = strtoupper(substr($this->wm_vrt_alignment, 0, 1));
 		$this->wm_hor_alignment = strtoupper(substr($this->wm_hor_alignment, 0, 1));
 
-		switch ($this->wm_vrt_alignment)
+		// Set verticle alignment
+		if ($this->wm_vrt_alignment === 'M')
 		{
-			case	 "T" :
-				break;
-			case "M":	$y_axis += ($this->orig_height/2)+($fontheight/2);
-				break;
-			case "B":	$y_axis += ($this->orig_height - $fontheight - $this->wm_shadow_distance - ($fontheight/2));
-				break;
+			$y_axis += ($this->orig_height / 2) + ($fontheight / 2);
+		}
+		elseif ($this->wm_vrt_alignment === 'B')
+		{
+			$y_axis += $this->orig_height - $fontheight - $this->wm_shadow_distance - ($fontheight / 2);
 		}
 
 		$x_shad = $x_axis + $this->wm_shadow_distance;
 		$y_shad = $y_axis + $this->wm_shadow_distance;
 
-		// Set horizontal alignment
-		switch ($this->wm_hor_alignment)
+		if ($this->wm_use_drop_shadow)
 		{
-			case "L":
-				break;
-			case "R":
-						if ($this->wm_use_drop_shadow)
-							$x_shad += ($this->orig_width - $fontwidth*strlen($this->wm_text));
-							$x_axis += ($this->orig_width - $fontwidth*strlen($this->wm_text));
-				break;
-			case "C":
-						if ($this->wm_use_drop_shadow)
-							$x_shad += floor(($this->orig_width - $fontwidth*strlen($this->wm_text))/2);
-							$x_axis += floor(($this->orig_width  -$fontwidth*strlen($this->wm_text))/2);
-				break;
-		}
+			// Set horizontal alignment
+			if ($this->wm_hor_alignment === 'R')
+			{
+				$x_shad += $this->orig_width - ($fontwidth * strlen($this->wm_text));
+				$x_axis += $this->orig_width - ($fontwidth * strlen($this->wm_text));
+			}
+			elseif ($this->wm_hor_alignment === 'C')
+			{
+				$x_shad += floor(($this->orig_width - ($fontwidth * strlen($this->wm_text))) / 2);
+				$x_axis += floor(($this->orig_width - ($fontwidth * strlen($this->wm_text))) / 2);
+			}
 
-		//  Add the text to the source image
-		if ($this->wm_use_truetype)
-		{
-			if ($this->wm_use_drop_shadow)
+			/* Set RGB values for text and shadow
+			 *
+			 * First character is #, so we don't really need it.
+			 * Get the rest of the string and split it into 2-length
+			 * hex values:
+			 */
+			$txt_color = str_split(substr($this->wm_font_color, 1, 6), 2);
+			$txt_color = imagecolorclosest($src_img, hexdec($txt_color[0]), hexdec($txt_color[1]), hexdec($txt_color[2]));
+			$drp_color = str_split(substr($this->wm_shadow_color, 1, 6), 2);
+			$drp_color = imagecolorclosest($src_img, hexdec($drp_color[0]), hexdec($drp_color[1]), hexdec($drp_color[2]));
+
+			// Add the text to the source image
+			if ($this->wm_use_truetype)
+			{
 				imagettftext($src_img, $this->wm_font_size, 0, $x_shad, $y_shad, $drp_color, $this->wm_font_path, $this->wm_text);
 				imagettftext($src_img, $this->wm_font_size, 0, $x_axis, $y_axis, $txt_color, $this->wm_font_path, $this->wm_text);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			if ($this->wm_use_drop_shadow)
+			}
+			else
+			{
 				imagestring($src_img, $this->wm_font_size, $x_shad, $y_shad, $this->wm_text, $drp_color);
 				imagestring($src_img, $this->wm_font_size, $x_axis, $y_axis, $this->wm_text, $txt_color);
+			}
 		}
 
-		//  Output the final image
+		// Output the final image
 		if ($this->dynamic_output == TRUE)
 		{
 			$this->image_display_gd($src_img);
@@ -1121,11 +1059,10 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 * This simply creates an image resource handle
 	 * based on the type of image being processed
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	resource
 	 */
-	function image_create_gd($path = '', $image_type = '')
+	public function image_create_gd($path = '', $image_type = '')
 	{
 		if ($path == '')
 			$path = $this->full_src_path;
@@ -1178,11 +1115,10 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 * Takes an image resource as input and writes the file
 	 * to the specified destination
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function image_save_gd($resource)
+	public function image_save_gd($resource)
 	{
 		switch ($this->image_type)
 		{
@@ -1239,14 +1175,13 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	/**
 	 * Dynamically outputs an image
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	resource
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function image_display_gd($resource)
+	public function image_display_gd($resource)
 	{
-		header("Content-Disposition: filename={$this->source_image};");
-		header("Content-Type: {$this->mime_type}");
+		header('Content-Disposition: filename='.$this->source_image.';');
+		header('Content-Type: '.$this->mime_type);
 		header('Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary');
 		header('Last-Modified: '.gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s', time()).' GMT');
 
@@ -1275,38 +1210,47 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 * This function lets us re-proportion the width/height
 	 * if users choose to maintain the aspect ratio when resizing.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function image_reproportion()
+	public function image_reproportion()
 	{
-		if ( ! is_numeric($this->width) OR ! is_numeric($this->height) OR $this->width == 0 OR $this->height == 0)
-			return;
-
-		if ( ! is_numeric($this->orig_width) OR ! is_numeric($this->orig_height) OR $this->orig_width == 0 OR $this->orig_height == 0)
-			return;
-
-		$new_width	= ceil($this->orig_width*$this->height/$this->orig_height);
-		$new_height	= ceil($this->width*$this->orig_height/$this->orig_width);
-
-		$ratio = (($this->orig_height/$this->orig_width) - ($this->height/$this->width));
-
-		if ($this->master_dim != 'width' AND $this->master_dim != 'height')
+		if (($this->width == 0 && $this->height == 0) OR $this->orig_width == 0 OR $this->orig_height == 0
+			OR ( ! preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $this->width) && ! preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $this->height))
+			OR ! preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $this->orig_width) OR ! preg_match('/^[0-9]+$/', $this->orig_height))
 		{
-			$this->master_dim = ($ratio < 0) ? 'width' : 'height';
+			return;
 		}
 
-		if (($this->width != $new_width) AND ($this->height != $new_height))
+		// Sanitize so we don't call preg_match() anymore
+		$this->width = (int) $this->width;
+		$this->height = (int) $this->height;
+
+		if ($this->master_dim !== 'width' && $this->master_dim !== 'height')
 		{
-			if ($this->master_dim == 'height')
+			if ($this->width > 0 && $this->height > 0)
 			{
-				$this->width = $new_width;
+				$this->master_dim = ((($this->orig_height/$this->orig_width) - ($this->height/$this->width)) < 0)
+							? 'width' : 'height';
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$this->height = $new_height;
+				$this->master_dim = ($this->height === 0) ? 'width' : 'height';
 			}
 		}
+		elseif (($this->master_dim === 'width' && $this->width === 0)
+			OR ($this->master_dim === 'height' && $this->height === 0))
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if ($this->master_dim === 'width')
+		{
+			$this->height = (int) ceil($this->width*$this->orig_height/$this->orig_width);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			$this->width = (int) ceil($this->orig_width*$this->height/$this->orig_height);
+		}
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1316,17 +1260,18 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 *
 	 * A helper function that gets info about the file
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function get_image_properties($path = '', $return = FALSE)
+	public function get_image_properties($path = '', $return = FALSE)
 	{
 		// For now we require GD but we should
 		// find a way to determine this using IM or NetPBM
 
 		if ($path == '')
+		{
 			$path = $this->full_src_path;
+		}
 
 		if ( ! file_exists($path))
 		{
@@ -1335,26 +1280,24 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		}
 
 		$vals = getimagesize($path);
-
 		$types = array(1 => 'gif', 2 => 'jpeg', 3 => 'png');
-
-		$mime = (isset($types[$vals['2']])) ? 'image/'.$types[$vals['2']] : 'image/jpg';
+		$mime = (isset($types[$vals[2]])) ? 'image/'.$types[$vals[2]] : 'image/jpg';
 
 		if ($return == TRUE)
 		{
-			$v['width']			= $vals['0'];
-			$v['height']		= $vals['1'];
-			$v['image_type']	= $vals['2'];
-			$v['size_str']		= $vals['3'];
-			$v['mime_type']		= $mime;
-
-			return $v;
+			return array(
+					'width' =>	$vals[0],
+					'height' =>	$vals[1],
+					'image_type' =>	$vals[2],
+					'size_str' =>	$vals[3],
+					'mime_type' =>	$mime
+				);
 		}
 
-		$this->orig_width	= $vals['0'];
-		$this->orig_height	= $vals['1'];
-		$this->image_type	= $vals['2'];
-		$this->size_str		= $vals['3'];
+		$this->orig_width	= $vals[0];
+		$this->orig_height	= $vals[1];
+		$this->image_type	= $vals[2];
+		$this->size_str		= $vals[3];
 		$this->mime_type	= $mime;
 
 		return TRUE;
@@ -1366,21 +1309,20 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 * Size calculator
 	 *
 	 * This function takes a known width x height and
-	 * recalculates it to a new size.  Only one
+	 * recalculates it to a new size. Only one
 	 * new variable needs to be known
 	 *
 	 *	$props = array(
-	 *					'width'			=> $width,
-	 *					'height'		=> $height,
-	 *					'new_width'		=> 40,
-	 *					'new_height'	=> ''
-	 *				  );
+	 *			'width'		=> $width,
+	 *			'height'	=> $height,
+	 *			'new_width'	=> 40,
+	 *			'new_height'	=> ''
+	 *		);
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function size_calculator($vals)
+	public function size_calculator($vals)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($vals))
 		{
@@ -1419,16 +1361,15 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 *
 	 * This is a helper function that extracts the extension
 	 * from the source_image.  This function lets us deal with
-	 * source_images with multiple periods, like:  my.cool.jpg
+	 * source_images with multiple periods, like: my.cool.jpg
 	 * It returns an associative array with two elements:
 	 * $array['ext']  = '.jpg';
 	 * $array['name'] = 'my.cool';
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function explode_name($source_image)
+	public function explode_name($source_image)
 	{
 		$ext = strrchr($source_image, '.');
 		$name = ($ext === FALSE) ? $source_image : substr($source_image, 0, -strlen($ext));
@@ -1441,17 +1382,16 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	/**
 	 * Is GD Installed?
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function gd_loaded()
+	public function gd_loaded()
 	{
 		if ( ! extension_loaded('gd'))
 		{
-			if ( ! dl('gd.so'))
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
+			/* As it is stated in the PHP manual, dl() is not always available
+			 * and even if so - it could generate an E_WARNING message on failure
+			 */
+			return (function_exists('dl') && @dl('gd.so'));
 		}
 
 		return TRUE;
@@ -1462,17 +1402,14 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	/**
 	 * Get GD version
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function gd_version()
+	public function gd_version()
 	{
 		if (function_exists('gd_info'))
 		{
 			$gd_version = @gd_info();
-			$gd_version = preg_replace("/\D/", "", $gd_version['GD Version']);
-
-			return $gd_version;
+			return preg_replace('/\D/', '', $gd_version['GD Version']);
 		}
 
 		return FALSE;
@@ -1483,11 +1420,10 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	/**
 	 * Set error message
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_error($msg)
+	public function set_error($msg)
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 		$CI->lang->load('imglib');
@@ -1515,23 +1451,15 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	/**
 	 * Show error messages
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function display_errors($open = '<p>', $close = '</p>')
+	public function display_errors($open = '<p>', $close = '</p>')
 	{
-		$str = '';
-		foreach ($this->error_msg as $val)
-		{
-			$str .= $open.$val.$close;
-		}
-
-		return $str;
+		return (count($this->error_msg) > 0) ? $open.implode($close.$open, $this->error_msg).$close : '';
 	}
 
 }
-// END Image_lib Class
 
 /* End of file Image_lib.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Image_lib.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Image_lib.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Javascript.php b/system/libraries/Javascript.php
index 34e0d7001..33df6007a 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Javascript.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Javascript.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,12 +33,12 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Javascript
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/javascript.html
  */
 class CI_Javascript {
 
-	var $_javascript_location = 'js';
+	protected $_javascript_location = 'js';
 
 	public function __construct($params = array())
 	{
@@ -52,7 +64,7 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 		log_message('debug', "Javascript Class Initialized and loaded.  Driver used: $js_library_driver");
 	}
 
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------	
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Event Code
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -61,12 +73,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library blur event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function blur($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	public function blur($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_blur($element, $js);
 	}
@@ -78,12 +89,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library change event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function change($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	public function change($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_change($element, $js);
 	}
@@ -95,13 +105,12 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library click event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @param	boolean	whether or not to return false
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function click($element = 'this', $js = '', $ret_false = TRUE)
+	public function click($element = 'this', $js = '', $ret_false = TRUE)
 	{
 		return $this->js->_click($element, $js, $ret_false);
 	}
@@ -113,12 +122,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library dblclick event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function dblclick($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	public function dblclick($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_dblclick($element, $js);
 	}
@@ -130,12 +138,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library error event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function error($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	public function error($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_error($element, $js);
 	}
@@ -147,12 +154,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library focus event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function focus($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	public function focus($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->__add_event($focus, $js);
 	}
@@ -164,13 +170,12 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library hover event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript code for mouse over
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript code for mouse out
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function hover($element = 'this', $over, $out)
+	public function hover($element = 'this', $over, $out)
 	{
 		return $this->js->__hover($element, $over, $out);
 	}
@@ -182,12 +187,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library keydown event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function keydown($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	public function keydown($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_keydown($element, $js);
 	}
@@ -199,12 +203,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library keydown event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function keyup($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	public function keyup($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_keyup($element, $js);
 	}
@@ -216,12 +219,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library load event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function load($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	public function load($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_load($element, $js);
 	}
@@ -233,12 +235,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library mousedown event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function mousedown($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	public function mousedown($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_mousedown($element, $js);
 	}
@@ -250,12 +251,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library mouseout event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function mouseout($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	public function mouseout($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_mouseout($element, $js);
 	}
@@ -267,12 +267,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library mouseover event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function mouseover($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	public function mouseover($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_mouseover($element, $js);
 	}
@@ -284,12 +283,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library mouseup event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function mouseup($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	public function mouseup($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_mouseup($element, $js);
 	}
@@ -301,11 +299,10 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs the called javascript to the screen
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The code to output
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function output($js)
+	public function output($js)
 	{
 		return $this->js->_output($js);
 	}
@@ -317,12 +314,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library mouseup event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function ready($js)
+	public function ready($js)
 	{
 		return $this->js->_document_ready($js);
 	}
@@ -334,12 +330,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library resize event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function resize($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	public function resize($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_resize($element, $js);
 	}
@@ -351,12 +346,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library scroll event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function scroll($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	public function scroll($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_scroll($element, $js);
 	}
@@ -368,17 +362,16 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library unload event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function unload($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	public function unload($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_unload($element, $js);
 	}
 
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------	
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Effects
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -388,12 +381,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library addClass event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- Class to add
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function addClass($element = 'this', $class = '')
+	public function addClass($element = 'this', $class = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_addClass($element, $class);
 	}
@@ -405,13 +397,12 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library animate event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function animate($element = 'this', $params = array(), $speed = '', $extra = '')
+	public function animate($element = 'this', $params = array(), $speed = '', $extra = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_animate($element, $params, $speed, $extra);
 	}
@@ -423,13 +414,12 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library hide event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function fadeIn($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
+	public function fadeIn($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_fadeIn($element, $speed, $callback);
 	}
@@ -441,13 +431,12 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library hide event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function fadeOut($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
+	public function fadeOut($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_fadeOut($element, $speed, $callback);
 	}
@@ -458,13 +447,12 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library slideUp event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function slideUp($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
+	public function slideUp($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_slideUp($element, $speed, $callback);
 
@@ -477,12 +465,11 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library removeClass event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- Class to add
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function removeClass($element = 'this', $class = '')
+	public function removeClass($element = 'this', $class = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_removeClass($element, $class);
 	}
@@ -494,13 +481,12 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library slideDown event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function slideDown($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
+	public function slideDown($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_slideDown($element, $speed, $callback);
 	}
@@ -512,13 +498,12 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library slideToggle event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function slideToggle($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
+	public function slideToggle($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_slideToggle($element, $speed, $callback);
 
@@ -531,13 +516,12 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library hide action
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function hide($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
+	public function hide($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_hide($element, $speed, $callback);
 	}
@@ -549,11 +533,10 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library toggle event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function toggle($element = 'this')
+	public function toggle($element = 'this')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_toggle($element);
 
@@ -566,11 +549,10 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library toggle class event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function toggleClass($element = 'this', $class='')
+	public function toggleClass($element = 'this', $class='')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_toggleClass($element, $class);
 	}
@@ -582,13 +564,12 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library show event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function show($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
+	public function show($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_show($element, $speed, $callback);
 	}
@@ -601,11 +582,10 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * gather together all script needing to be output
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function compile($view_var = 'script_foot', $script_tags = TRUE)
+	public function compile($view_var = 'script_foot', $script_tags = TRUE)
 	{
 		$this->js->_compile($view_var, $script_tags);
 	}
@@ -615,10 +595,9 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Clears any previous javascript collected for output
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function clear_compile()
+	public function clear_compile()
 	{
 		$this->js->_clear_compile();
 	}
@@ -630,11 +609,10 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a <script> tag with the source as an external js file
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function external($external_file = '', $relative = FALSE)
+	public function external($external_file = '', $relative = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ($external_file !== '')
 		{
@@ -648,7 +626,7 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 			}
 		}
 
-		if ($relative === TRUE OR strncmp($external_file, 'http://', 7) == 0 OR strncmp($external_file, 'https://', 8) == 0)
+		if ($relative === TRUE OR strncmp($external_file, 'http://', 7) === 0 OR strncmp($external_file, 'https://', 8) === 0)
 		{
 			$str = $this->_open_script($external_file);
 		}
@@ -661,8 +639,7 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 			$str = $this->_open_script($this->CI->config->slash_item('base_url').$this->_javascript_location.$external_file);
 		}
 
-		$str .= $this->_close_script();
-		return $str;
+		return $str.$this->_close_script();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -672,20 +649,17 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a <script> tag
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	boolean	If a CDATA section should be added
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function inline($script, $cdata = TRUE)
+	public function inline($script, $cdata = TRUE)
 	{
-		$str = $this->_open_script();
-		$str .= ($cdata) ? "\n// <![CDATA[\n{$script}\n// ]]>\n" : "\n{$script}\n";
-		$str .= $this->_close_script();
-
-		return $str;
+		return $this->_open_script()
+			. ($cdata ? "\n// <![CDATA[\n{$script}\n// ]]>\n" : "\n{$script}\n")
+			. $this->_close_script();
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -693,15 +667,13 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs an opening <script>
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _open_script($src = '')
+	protected function _open_script($src = '')
 	{
-		$str = '<script type="text/javascript" charset="'.strtolower($this->CI->config->item('charset')).'"';
-		$str .= ($src == '') ? '>' : ' src="'.$src.'">';
-		return $str;
+		return '<script type="text/javascript" charset="'.strtolower($this->CI->config->item('charset')).'"'
+			. ($src == '' ? '>' : ' src="'.$src.'">');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -711,11 +683,10 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs an closing </script>
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _close_script($extra = "\n")
+	protected function _close_script($extra = "\n")
 	{
 		return "</script>$extra";
 	}
@@ -732,13 +703,12 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a javascript library slideDown event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function update($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
+	public function update($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
 	{
 		return $this->js->_updater($element, $speed, $callback);
 	}
@@ -754,7 +724,7 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 * @param	bool	match array types (defaults to objects)
 	 * @return	string	a json formatted string
 	 */
-	function generate_json($result = NULL, $match_array_type = FALSE)
+	public function generate_json($result = NULL, $match_array_type = FALSE)
 	{
 		// JSON data can optionally be passed to this function
 		// either as a database result object or an array, or a user supplied array
@@ -815,11 +785,10 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Checks for an associative array
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	type
 	 * @return	type
 	 */
-	function _is_associative_array($arr)
+	protected function _is_associative_array($arr)
 	{
 		foreach (array_keys($arr) as $key => $val)
 		{
@@ -839,11 +808,10 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Ensures a standard json value and escapes values
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	type
 	 * @return	type
 	 */
-	function _prep_args($result, $is_key = FALSE)
+	protected function _prep_args($result, $is_key = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (is_null($result))
 		{
@@ -855,7 +823,7 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 		}
 		elseif (is_string($result) OR $is_key)
 		{
-			return '"'.str_replace(array('\\', "\t", "\n", "\r", '"', '/'), array('\\\\', '\\t', '\\n', "\\r", '\"', '\/'), $result).'"';			
+			return '"'.str_replace(array('\\', "\t", "\n", "\r", '"', '/'), array('\\\\', '\\t', '\\n', "\\r", '\"', '\/'), $result).'"';
 		}
 		elseif (is_scalar($result))
 		{
@@ -868,4 +836,4 @@ class CI_Javascript {
 // END Javascript Class
 
 /* End of file Javascript.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Javascript.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Javascript.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Log.php b/system/libraries/Log.php
index bf10d4727..944173fdd 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Log.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Log.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Logging
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/errors.html
  */
 class CI_Log {
@@ -32,7 +44,7 @@ class CI_Log {
 	protected $_threshold_array	= array();
 	protected $_date_fmt		= 'Y-m-d H:i:s';
 	protected $_enabled			= TRUE;
-	protected $_levels			= array('ERROR' => '1', 'DEBUG' => '2',  'INFO' => '3', 'ALL' => '4');
+	protected $_levels			= array('ERROR' => 1, 'DEBUG' => 2,  'INFO' => 3, 'ALL' => 4);
 
 	/**
 	 * Constructor
@@ -50,7 +62,7 @@ class CI_Log {
 
 		if (is_numeric($config['log_threshold']))
 		{
-			$this->_threshold = $config['log_threshold'];
+			$this->_threshold = (int) $config['log_threshold'];
 		}
 		elseif (is_array($config['log_threshold']))
 		{
@@ -85,12 +97,10 @@ class CI_Log {
 
 		$level = strtoupper($level);
 
-		if ( ! isset($this->_levels[$level]) OR ($this->_levels[$level] > $this->_threshold))
+		if (( ! isset($this->_levels[$level]) OR ($this->_levels[$level] > $this->_threshold))
+			AND ! isset($this->_threshold_array[$this->_levels[$level]]))
 		{
-			if (empty($this->_threshold_array) OR ! isset($this->_threshold_array[$this->_levels[$level]]))
-			{
-				return FALSE;
-			}
+			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 
@@ -99,7 +109,8 @@ class CI_Log {
 
 		if ( ! file_exists($filepath))
 		{
-			$message .= "<"."?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed'); ?".">\n\n";
+			$newfile = TRUE;
+			$message .= "<"."?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed'); ?".">\n\n";
 		}
 
 		if ( ! $fp = @fopen($filepath, FOPEN_WRITE_CREATE))
@@ -114,7 +125,10 @@ class CI_Log {
 		flock($fp, LOCK_UN);
 		fclose($fp);
 
-		@chmod($filepath, FILE_WRITE_MODE);
+		if (isset($newfile) AND $newfile === TRUE)
+		{
+			@chmod($filepath, FILE_WRITE_MODE);
+		}
 		return TRUE;
 	}
 
@@ -122,4 +136,4 @@ class CI_Log {
 // END Log Class
 
 /* End of file Log.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Log.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Log.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Migration.php b/system/libraries/Migration.php
index 840cefe08..d07097223 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Migration.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Migration.php
@@ -1,15 +1,27 @@
-<?php defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2006 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2006 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
- * @since		Version 1.0
+ * @since		Version 3.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
@@ -34,7 +46,7 @@ class CI_Migration {
 	protected $_migration_version = 0;
 	protected $_migration_table = 'migrations';
 	protected $_migration_auto_latest = FALSE;
-	
+
 	protected $_error_string = '';
 
 	public function __construct($config = array())
@@ -59,7 +71,7 @@ class CI_Migration {
 		}
 
 		// If not set, set it
-		$this->_migration_path == '' AND $this->_migration_path = APPPATH . 'migrations/';
+		$this->_migration_path == '' AND $this->_migration_path = APPPATH.'migrations/';
 
 		// Add trailing slash if not set
 		$this->_migration_path = rtrim($this->_migration_path, '/').'/';
@@ -73,7 +85,7 @@ class CI_Migration {
 		// Make sure the migration table name was set.
 		if (empty($this->_migration_table))
 		{
-			show_error('Migrations configuration file (migration.php) must have "migration_table" set.');			
+			show_error('Migrations configuration file (migration.php) must have "migration_table" set.');
 		}
 
 		// If the migrations table is missing, make it
@@ -87,14 +99,11 @@ class CI_Migration {
 
 			$this->db->insert($this->_migration_table, array('version' => 0));
 		}
-		
+
 		// Do we auto migrate to the latest migration?
-		if ( $this->_migration_auto_latest == TRUE )
+		if ($this->_migration_auto_latest === TRUE AND ! $this->latest())
 		{
-			if ( ! $this->latest() )
-			{
-				show_error($this->error_string());
-			}
+			show_error($this->error_string());
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -122,13 +131,12 @@ class CI_Migration {
 			++$stop;
 			$step = 1;
 		}
-
 		else
 		{
 			// Moving Down
 			$step = -1;
 		}
-		
+
 		$method = $step === 1 ? 'up' : 'down';
 		$migrations = array();
 
@@ -136,7 +144,7 @@ class CI_Migration {
 		// But first let's make sure that everything is the way it should be
 		for ($i = $start; $i != $stop; $i += $step)
 		{
-			$f = glob(sprintf($this->_migration_path . '%03d_*.php', $i));
+			$f = glob(sprintf($this->_migration_path.'%03d_*.php', $i));
 
 			// Only one migration per step is permitted
 			if (count($f) > 1)
@@ -146,11 +154,11 @@ class CI_Migration {
 			}
 
 			// Migration step not found
-			if (count($f) == 0)
+			if (count($f) === 0)
 			{
 				// If trying to migrate up to a version greater than the last
 				// existing one, migrate to the last one.
-				if ($step == 1)
+				if ($step === 1)
 				{
 					break;
 				}
@@ -177,7 +185,7 @@ class CI_Migration {
 				}
 
 				include $f[0];
-				$class = 'Migration_' . ucfirst($match[1]);
+				$class = 'Migration_'.ucfirst($match[1]);
 
 				if ( ! class_exists($class))
 				{
@@ -200,9 +208,9 @@ class CI_Migration {
 			}
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Current migration: ' . $current_version);
+		log_message('debug', 'Current migration: '.$current_version);
 
-		$version = $i + ($step == 1 ? -1 : 0);
+		$version = $i + ($step === 1 ? -1 : 0);
 
 		// If there is nothing to do so quit
 		if ($migrations === array())
@@ -210,13 +218,13 @@ class CI_Migration {
 			return TRUE;
 		}
 
-		log_message('debug', 'Migrating from ' . $method . ' to version ' . $version);
+		log_message('debug', 'Migrating from '.$method.' to version '.$version);
 
 		// Loop through the migrations
 		foreach ($migrations AS $migration)
 		{
 			// Run the migration class
-			$class = 'Migration_' . ucfirst(strtolower($migration));
+			$class = 'Migration_'.ucfirst(strtolower($migration));
 			call_user_func(array(new $class, $method));
 
 			$current_version += $step;
@@ -240,12 +248,12 @@ class CI_Migration {
 	{
 		if ( ! $migrations = $this->find_migrations())
 		{
-			$this->_error_string = $this->line->lang('migration_none_found');
+			$this->_error_string = $this->lang->line('migration_none_found');
 			return false;
 		}
 
 		$last_migration = basename(end($migrations));
-		
+
 		// Calculate the last migration step from existing migration
 		// filenames and procceed to the standard version migration
 		return $this->version((int) substr($last_migration, 0, 3));
@@ -288,19 +296,17 @@ class CI_Migration {
 	protected function find_migrations()
 	{
 		// Load all *_*.php files in the migrations path
-		$files = glob($this->_migration_path . '*_*.php');
-		$file_count = count($files);
-		
-		for ($i = 0; $i < $file_count; $i++)
+		$files = glob($this->_migration_path.'*_*.php');
+
+		for ($i = 0, $c = count($files); $i < $c; $i++)
 		{
 			// Mark wrongly formatted files as false for later filtering
-			$name = basename($files[$i], '.php');
-			if ( ! preg_match('/^\d{3}_(\w+)$/', $name))
+			if ( ! preg_match('/^\d{3}_(\w+)$/', basename($files[$i], '.php')))
 			{
 				$files[$i] = FALSE;
 			}
 		}
-		
+
 		sort($files);
 
 		return $files;
@@ -316,7 +322,7 @@ class CI_Migration {
 	 */
 	protected function _get_version()
 	{
-		$row = $this->db->get($this->_migration_table)->row();
+		$row = $this->db->select('version')->get($this->_migration_table)->row();
 		return $row ? $row->version : 0;
 	}
 
@@ -352,4 +358,4 @@ class CI_Migration {
 }
 
 /* End of file Migration.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Migration.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Migration.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Pagination.php b/system/libraries/Pagination.php
index eff754a1b..35ac541e8 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Pagination.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Pagination.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,44 +33,43 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Pagination
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/pagination.html
  */
 class CI_Pagination {
 
-	var $base_url			= ''; // The page we are linking to
-	var $prefix				= ''; // A custom prefix added to the path.
-	var $suffix				= ''; // A custom suffix added to the path.
-
-	var $total_rows			=  0; // Total number of items (database results)
-	var $per_page			= 10; // Max number of items you want shown per page
-	var $num_links			=  2; // Number of "digit" links to show before/after the currently viewed page
-	var $cur_page			=  0; // The current page being viewed
-	var $use_page_numbers	= FALSE; // Use page number for segment instead of offset
-	var $first_link			= '&lsaquo; First';
-	var $next_link			= '&gt;';
-	var $prev_link			= '&lt;';
-	var $last_link			= 'Last &rsaquo;';
-	var $uri_segment		= 3;
-	var $full_tag_open		= '';
-	var $full_tag_close		= '';
-	var $first_tag_open		= '';
-	var $first_tag_close	= '&nbsp;';
-	var $last_tag_open		= '&nbsp;';
-	var $last_tag_close		= '';
-	var $first_url			= ''; // Alternative URL for the First Page.
-	var $cur_tag_open		= '&nbsp;<strong>';
-	var $cur_tag_close		= '</strong>';
-	var $next_tag_open		= '&nbsp;';
-	var $next_tag_close		= '&nbsp;';
-	var $prev_tag_open		= '&nbsp;';
-	var $prev_tag_close		= '';
-	var $num_tag_open		= '&nbsp;';
-	var $num_tag_close		= '';
-	var $page_query_string	= FALSE;
-	var $query_string_segment = 'per_page';
-	var $display_pages		= TRUE;
-	var $anchor_class		= '';
+	protected $base_url				= ''; // The page we are linking to
+	protected $prefix				= ''; // A custom prefix added to the path.
+	protected $suffix				= ''; // A custom suffix added to the path.
+	protected $total_rows			= 0; // Total number of items (database results)
+	protected $per_page				= 10; // Max number of items you want shown per page
+	protected $num_links			= 2; // Number of "digit" links to show before/after the currently viewed page
+	protected $cur_page				= 0; // The current page being viewed
+	protected $use_page_numbers		= FALSE; // Use page number for segment instead of offset
+	protected $first_link			= '&lsaquo; First';
+	protected $next_link			= '&gt;';
+	protected $prev_link			= '&lt;';
+	protected $last_link			= 'Last &rsaquo;';
+	protected $uri_segment			= 3;
+	protected $full_tag_open		= '';
+	protected $full_tag_close		= '';
+	protected $first_tag_open		= '';
+	protected $first_tag_close		= '&nbsp;';
+	protected $last_tag_open		= '&nbsp;';
+	protected $last_tag_close		= '';
+	protected $first_url			= ''; // Alternative URL for the First Page.
+	protected $cur_tag_open			= '&nbsp;<strong>';
+	protected $cur_tag_close		= '</strong>';
+	protected $next_tag_open		= '&nbsp;';
+	protected $next_tag_close		= '&nbsp;';
+	protected $prev_tag_open		= '&nbsp;';
+	protected $prev_tag_close		= '';
+	protected $num_tag_open			= '&nbsp;';
+	protected $num_tag_close		= '';
+	protected $page_query_string	= FALSE;
+	protected $query_string_segment = 'per_page';
+	protected $display_pages		= TRUE;
+	protected $anchor_class			= '';
 
 	/**
 	 * Constructor
@@ -68,16 +79,7 @@ class CI_Pagination {
 	 */
 	public function __construct($params = array())
 	{
-		if (count($params) > 0)
-		{
-			$this->initialize($params);
-		}
-
-		if ($this->anchor_class != '')
-		{
-			$this->anchor_class = 'class="'.$this->anchor_class.'" ';
-		}
-
+		$this->initialize($params);
 		log_message('debug', "Pagination Class Initialized");
 	}
 
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ class CI_Pagination {
 	 * @param	array	initialization parameters
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function initialize($params = array())
+	public function initialize($params = array())
 	{
 		if (count($params) > 0)
 		{
@@ -102,6 +104,11 @@ class CI_Pagination {
 				}
 			}
 		}
+
+		if ($this->anchor_class != '')
+		{
+			$this->anchor_class = 'class="'.$this->anchor_class.'" ';
+		}
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -112,7 +119,7 @@ class CI_Pagination {
 	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function create_links()
+	public function create_links()
 	{
 		// If our item count or per-page total is zero there is no need to continue.
 		if ($this->total_rows == 0 OR $this->per_page == 0)
@@ -121,10 +128,10 @@ class CI_Pagination {
 		}
 
 		// Calculate the total number of pages
-		$num_pages = ceil($this->total_rows / $this->per_page);
+		$num_pages = (int) ceil($this->total_rows / $this->per_page);
 
 		// Is there only one page? Hm... nothing more to do here then.
-		if ($num_pages == 1)
+		if ($num_pages === 1)
 		{
 			return '';
 		}
@@ -135,45 +142,37 @@ class CI_Pagination {
 		// Determine the current page number.
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 
+		// See if we are using a prefix or suffix on links
+		if ($this->prefix != '' OR $this->suffix != '')
+		{
+			$this->cur_page = (int) str_replace(array($this->prefix, $this->suffix), '', $CI->uri->segment($this->uri_segment));
+		}
+
 		if ($CI->config->item('enable_query_strings') === TRUE OR $this->page_query_string === TRUE)
 		{
 			if ($CI->input->get($this->query_string_segment) != $base_page)
 			{
-				$this->cur_page = $CI->input->get($this->query_string_segment);
-
-				// Prep the current page - no funny business!
-				$this->cur_page = (int) $this->cur_page;
+				$this->cur_page = (int) $CI->input->get($this->query_string_segment);
 			}
 		}
-		else
+		elseif ( ! $this->cur_page AND $CI->uri->segment($this->uri_segment) != $base_page)
 		{
-			if ($CI->uri->segment($this->uri_segment) != $base_page)
-			{
-				$this->cur_page = $CI->uri->segment($this->uri_segment);
-
-				// Prep the current page - no funny business!
-				$this->cur_page = (int) $this->cur_page;
-			}
+			$this->cur_page = (int) $CI->uri->segment($this->uri_segment);
 		}
-		
-		// Set current page to 1 if using page numbers instead of offset
-		if ($this->use_page_numbers AND $this->cur_page == 0)
+
+		// Set current page to 1 if it's not valid or if using page numbers instead of offset
+		if ( ! is_numeric($this->cur_page) OR ($this->use_page_numbers AND $this->cur_page == 0))
 		{
 			$this->cur_page = $base_page;
 		}
 
-		$this->num_links = (int)$this->num_links;
+		$this->num_links = (int) $this->num_links;
 
 		if ($this->num_links < 1)
 		{
 			show_error('Your number of links must be a positive number.');
 		}
 
-		if ( ! is_numeric($this->cur_page))
-		{
-			$this->cur_page = $base_page;
-		}
-
 		// Is the page number beyond the result range?
 		// If so we show the last page
 		if ($this->use_page_numbers)
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ class CI_Pagination {
 		}
 
 		$uri_page_number = $this->cur_page;
-		
+
 		if ( ! $this->use_page_numbers)
 		{
 			$this->cur_page = floor(($this->cur_page/$this->per_page) + 1);
@@ -229,13 +228,13 @@ class CI_Pagination {
 		{
 			$i = ($this->use_page_numbers) ? $uri_page_number - 1 : $uri_page_number - $this->per_page;
 
-			if (($i == 0 OR ($this->use_page_numbers && $i == 1)) AND $this->first_url != '')
+			if ($i == $base_page AND $this->first_url != '')
 			{
 				$output .= $this->prev_tag_open.'<a '.$this->anchor_class.'href="'.$this->first_url.'">'.$this->prev_link.'</a>'.$this->prev_tag_close;
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				$i = ($i == 0) ? '' : $this->prefix.$i.$this->suffix;
+				$i = ($i == $base_page) ? '' : $this->prefix.$i.$this->suffix;
 				$output .= $this->prev_tag_open.'<a '.$this->anchor_class.'href="'.$this->base_url.$i.'">'.$this->prev_link.'</a>'.$this->prev_tag_close;
 			}
 
@@ -286,11 +285,11 @@ class CI_Pagination {
 		if ($this->last_link !== FALSE AND ($this->cur_page + $this->num_links) < $num_pages)
 		{
 			$i = ($this->use_page_numbers) ? $num_pages : ($num_pages * $this->per_page) - $this->per_page;
-			
+
 			$output .= $this->last_tag_open.'<a '.$this->anchor_class.'href="'.$this->base_url.$this->prefix.$i.$this->suffix.'">'.$this->last_link.'</a>'.$this->last_tag_close;
 		}
 
-		// Kill double slashes.  Note: Sometimes we can end up with a double slash
+		// Kill double slashes. Note: Sometimes we can end up with a double slash
 		// in the penultimate link so we'll kill all double slashes.
 		$output = preg_replace("#([^:])//+#", "\\1/", $output);
 
@@ -303,4 +302,4 @@ class CI_Pagination {
 // END Pagination Class
 
 /* End of file Pagination.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Pagination.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Pagination.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Parser.php b/system/libraries/Parser.php
index d223da020..321248277 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Parser.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Parser.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,14 +33,15 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Parser
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/parser.html
  */
 class CI_Parser {
 
-	var $l_delim = '{';
-	var $r_delim = '}';
-	var $object;
+	public $l_delim = '{';
+	public $r_delim = '}';
+	public $object;
+	private $CI;
 
 	/**
 	 *  Parse a template
@@ -44,8 +57,8 @@ class CI_Parser {
 	 */
 	public function parse($template, $data, $return = FALSE)
 	{
-		$CI =& get_instance();
-		$template = $CI->load->view($template, $data, TRUE);
+		$this->CI =& get_instance();
+		$template = $this->CI->load->view($template, $data, TRUE);
 
 		return $this->_parse($template, $data, $return);
 	}
@@ -64,7 +77,7 @@ class CI_Parser {
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function parse_string($template, $data, $return = FALSE)
+	public function parse_string($template, $data, $return = FALSE)
 	{
 		return $this->_parse($template, $data, $return);
 	}
@@ -77,13 +90,13 @@ class CI_Parser {
 	 * Parses pseudo-variables contained in the specified template,
 	 * replacing them with the data in the second param
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
+	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _parse($template, $data, $return = FALSE)
+	private function _parse($template, $data, $return = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ($template == '')
 		{
@@ -104,8 +117,7 @@ class CI_Parser {
 
 		if ($return == FALSE)
 		{
-			$CI =& get_instance();
-			$CI->output->append_output($template);
+			$this->CI->output->append_output($template);
 		}
 
 		return $template;
@@ -121,7 +133,7 @@ class CI_Parser {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_delimiters($l = '{', $r = '}')
+	public function set_delimiters($l = '{', $r = '}')
 	{
 		$this->l_delim = $l;
 		$this->r_delim = $r;
@@ -138,9 +150,9 @@ class CI_Parser {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _parse_single($key, $val, $string)
+	private function _parse_single($key, $val, $string)
 	{
-		return str_replace($this->l_delim.$key.$this->r_delim, $val, $string);
+		return str_replace($this->l_delim.$key.$this->r_delim, (string) $val, $string);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -156,7 +168,7 @@ class CI_Parser {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _parse_pair($variable, $data, $string)
+	private function _parse_pair($variable, $data, $string)
 	{
 		if (FALSE === ($match = $this->_match_pair($string, $variable)))
 		{
@@ -166,7 +178,7 @@ class CI_Parser {
 		$str = '';
 		foreach ($data as $row)
 		{
-			$temp = $match['1'];
+			$temp = $match[1];
 			foreach ($row as $key => $val)
 			{
 				if ( ! is_array($val))
@@ -182,7 +194,7 @@ class CI_Parser {
 			$str .= $temp;
 		}
 
-		return str_replace($match['0'], $str, $string);
+		return str_replace($match[0], $str, $string);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -195,7 +207,7 @@ class CI_Parser {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _match_pair($string, $variable)
+	private function _match_pair($string, $variable)
 	{
 		if ( ! preg_match("|" . preg_quote($this->l_delim) . $variable . preg_quote($this->r_delim) . "(.+?)". preg_quote($this->l_delim) . '/' . $variable . preg_quote($this->r_delim) . "|s", $string, $match))
 		{
diff --git a/system/libraries/Profiler.php b/system/libraries/Profiler.php
index ac58129a9..89c616543 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Profiler.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Profiler.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -27,7 +39,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Libraries
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/profiling.html
  */
 class CI_Profiler {
@@ -114,12 +126,10 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 		{
 			// We match the "end" marker so that the list ends
 			// up in the order that it was defined
-			if (preg_match("/(.+?)_end/i", $key, $match))
+			if (preg_match('/(.+?)_end/i', $key, $match)
+				AND isset($this->CI->benchmark->marker[$match[1].'_end'], $this->CI->benchmark->marker[$match[1].'_start']))
 			{
-				if (isset($this->CI->benchmark->marker[$match[1].'_end']) AND isset($this->CI->benchmark->marker[$match[1].'_start']))
-				{
-					$profile[$match[1]] = $this->CI->benchmark->elapsed_time($match[1].'_start', $key);
-				}
+				$profile[$match[1]] = $this->CI->benchmark->elapsed_time($match[1].'_start', $key);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -127,12 +137,11 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 		// Note: At some point we should turn this into a template that can
 		// be modified.  We also might want to make this data available to be logged
 
-		$output  = "\n\n";
-		$output .= '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_benchmarks" style="border:1px solid #900;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">';
-		$output .= "\n";
-		$output .= '<legend style="color:#900;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_benchmarks').'&nbsp;&nbsp;</legend>';
-		$output .= "\n";
-		$output .= "\n\n<table style='width:100%'>\n";
+		$output = "\n\n"
+			. '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_benchmarks" style="border:1px solid #900;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">'
+			. "\n"
+			. '<legend style="color:#900;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_benchmarks').'&nbsp;&nbsp;</legend>'
+			. "\n\n\n<table style='width:100%'>\n";
 
 		foreach ($profile as $key => $val)
 		{
@@ -140,10 +149,7 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 			$output .= "<tr><td style='padding:5px;width:50%;color:#000;font-weight:bold;background-color:#ddd;'>".$key."&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style='padding:5px;width:50%;color:#900;font-weight:normal;background-color:#ddd;'>".$val."</td></tr>\n";
 		}
 
-		$output .= "</table>\n";
-		$output .= "</fieldset>";
-
-		return $output;
+		return $output."</table>\n</fieldset>";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -166,19 +172,16 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (count($dbs) == 0)
+		if (count($dbs) === 0)
 		{
-			$output  = "\n\n";
-			$output .= '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_queries" style="border:1px solid #0000FF;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">';
-			$output .= "\n";
-			$output .= '<legend style="color:#0000FF;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_queries').'&nbsp;&nbsp;</legend>';
-			$output .= "\n";
-			$output .= "\n\n<table style='border:none; width:100%;'>\n";
-			$output .="<tr><td style='width:100%;color:#0000FF;font-weight:normal;background-color:#eee;padding:5px'>".$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_no_db')."</td></tr>\n";
-			$output .= "</table>\n";
-			$output .= "</fieldset>";
-
-			return $output;
+			return "\n\n"
+				. '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_queries" style="border:1px solid #0000FF;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee;">'
+				. "\n"
+				. '<legend style="color:#0000FF;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_queries').'&nbsp;&nbsp;</legend>'
+				. "\n\n\n<table style='border:none; width:100%;'>\n"
+				. '<tr><td style="width:100%;color:#0000FF;font-weight:normal;background-color:#eee;padding:5px;">'
+				. $this->CI->lang->line('profiler_no_db')
+				. "</td></tr>\n</table>\n</fieldset>";
 		}
 
 		// Load the text helper so we can highlight the SQL
@@ -193,8 +196,6 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 
 		foreach ($dbs as $db)
 		{
-			$count++;
-
 			$hide_queries = (count($db->queries) > $this->_query_toggle_count) ? ' display:none' : '';
 
 			$show_hide_js = '(<span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="var s=document.getElementById(\'ci_profiler_queries_db_'.$count.'\').style;s.display=s.display==\'none\'?\'\':\'none\';this.innerHTML=this.innerHTML==\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_hide').'\'?\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\':\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_hide').'\';">'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_hide').'</span>)';
@@ -204,13 +205,12 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 				$show_hide_js = '(<span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="var s=document.getElementById(\'ci_profiler_queries_db_'.$count.'\').style;s.display=s.display==\'none\'?\'\':\'none\';this.innerHTML=this.innerHTML==\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\'?\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_hide').'\':\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\';">'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'</span>)';
 			}
 
-			$output .= '<fieldset style="border:1px solid #0000FF;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">';
-			$output .= "\n";
-			$output .= '<legend style="color:#0000FF;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_database').':&nbsp; '.$db->database.'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_queries').': '.count($db->queries).'&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$show_hide_js.'</legend>';
-			$output .= "\n";
-			$output .= "\n\n<table style='width:100%;{$hide_queries}' id='ci_profiler_queries_db_{$count}'>\n";
+			$output .= '<fieldset style="border:1px solid #0000FF;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">'
+				. "\n"
+				. '<legend style="color:#0000FF;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_database').':&nbsp; '.$db->database.'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_queries').': '.count($db->queries).'&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$show_hide_js.'</legend>'
+				. "\n\n\n<table style='width:100%;{$hide_queries}' id='ci_profiler_queries_db_{$count}'>\n";
 
-			if (count($db->queries) == 0)
+			if (count($db->queries) === 0)
 			{
 				$output .= "<tr><td style='width:100%;color:#0000FF;font-weight:normal;background-color:#eee;padding:5px;'>".$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_no_queries')."</td></tr>\n";
 			}
@@ -231,8 +231,7 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 				}
 			}
 
-			$output .= "</table>\n";
-			$output .= "</fieldset>";
+			$output .= "</table>\n</fieldset>";
 
 		}
 
@@ -249,13 +248,13 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 	 */
 	protected function _compile_get()
 	{
-		$output  = "\n\n";
-		$output .= '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_get" style="border:1px solid #cd6e00;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">';
-		$output .= "\n";
-		$output .= '<legend style="color:#cd6e00;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_get_data').'&nbsp;&nbsp;</legend>';
-		$output .= "\n";
+		$output  = "\n\n"
+			. '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_get" style="border:1px solid #cd6e00;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">'
+			. "\n"
+			. '<legend style="color:#cd6e00;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_get_data').'&nbsp;&nbsp;</legend>'
+			. "\n";
 
-		if (count($_GET) == 0)
+		if (count($_GET) === 0)
 		{
 			$output .= "<div style='color:#cd6e00;font-weight:normal;padding:4px 0 4px 0'>".$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_no_get')."</div>";
 		}
@@ -270,23 +269,15 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 					$key = "'".$key."'";
 				}
 
-				$output .= "<tr><td style='width:50%;color:#000;background-color:#ddd;padding:5px'>&#36;_GET[".$key."]&nbsp;&nbsp; </td><td style='width:50%;padding:5px;color:#cd6e00;font-weight:normal;background-color:#ddd;'>";
-				if (is_array($val))
-				{
-					$output .= "<pre>" . htmlspecialchars(stripslashes(print_r($val, true))) . "</pre>";
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$output .= htmlspecialchars(stripslashes($val));
-				}
-				$output .= "</td></tr>\n";
+				$output .= "<tr><td style='width:50%;color:#000;background-color:#ddd;padding:5px'>&#36;_GET[".$key."]&nbsp;&nbsp; </td><td style='width:50%;padding:5px;color:#cd6e00;font-weight:normal;background-color:#ddd;'>"
+					. (is_array($val) ? "<pre>" . htmlspecialchars(stripslashes(print_r($val, true))) . "</pre>" : htmlspecialchars(stripslashes($val)))
+					. "</td></tr>\n";
 			}
 
 			$output .= "</table>\n";
 		}
-		$output .= "</fieldset>";
 
-		return $output;
+		return $output.'</fieldset>';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -298,11 +289,11 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 	 */
 	protected function _compile_post()
 	{
-		$output  = "\n\n";
-		$output .= '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_post" style="border:1px solid #009900;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">';
-		$output .= "\n";
-		$output .= '<legend style="color:#009900;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_post_data').'&nbsp;&nbsp;</legend>';
-		$output .= "\n";
+		$output = "\n\n"
+			. '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_post" style="border:1px solid #009900;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">'
+			. "\n"
+			. '<legend style="color:#009900;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_post_data').'&nbsp;&nbsp;</legend>'
+			. "\n";
 
 		if (count($_POST) == 0)
 		{
@@ -333,9 +324,8 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 
 			$output .= "</table>\n";
 		}
-		$output .= "</fieldset>";
 
-		return $output;
+		return $output.'</fieldset>';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -347,24 +337,13 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 	 */
 	protected function _compile_uri_string()
 	{
-		$output  = "\n\n";
-		$output .= '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_uri_string" style="border:1px solid #000;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">';
-		$output .= "\n";
-		$output .= '<legend style="color:#000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_uri_string').'&nbsp;&nbsp;</legend>';
-		$output .= "\n";
-
-		if ($this->CI->uri->uri_string == '')
-		{
-			$output .= "<div style='color:#000;font-weight:normal;padding:4px 0 4px 0'>".$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_no_uri')."</div>";
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$output .= "<div style='color:#000;font-weight:normal;padding:4px 0 4px 0'>".$this->CI->uri->uri_string."</div>";
-		}
-
-		$output .= "</fieldset>";
-
-		return $output;
+		return "\n\n"
+			. '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_uri_string" style="border:1px solid #000;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">'
+			. "\n"
+			. '<legend style="color:#000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_uri_string').'&nbsp;&nbsp;</legend>'
+			. "\n<div style='color:#000;font-weight:normal;padding:4px 0 4px 0'>"
+			. ($this->CI->uri->uri_string == '' ? $this->CI->lang->line('profiler_no_uri') : $this->CI->uri->uri_string)
+			. '</div></fieldset>';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -376,17 +355,12 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 	 */
 	protected function _compile_controller_info()
 	{
-		$output  = "\n\n";
-		$output .= '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_controller_info" style="border:1px solid #995300;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">';
-		$output .= "\n";
-		$output .= '<legend style="color:#995300;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_controller_info').'&nbsp;&nbsp;</legend>';
-		$output .= "\n";
-
-		$output .= "<div style='color:#995300;font-weight:normal;padding:4px 0 4px 0'>".$this->CI->router->fetch_class()."/".$this->CI->router->fetch_method()."</div>";
-
-		$output .= "</fieldset>";
-
-		return $output;
+		return "\n\n"
+			. '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_controller_info" style="border:1px solid #995300;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">'
+			. "\n"
+			. '<legend style="color:#995300;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_controller_info').'&nbsp;&nbsp;</legend>'
+			. "\n<div style='color:#995300;font-weight:normal;padding:4px 0 4px 0'>".$this->CI->router->fetch_class().'/'.$this->CI->router->fetch_method()
+			. '</div></fieldset>';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -400,24 +374,13 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 	 */
 	protected function _compile_memory_usage()
 	{
-		$output  = "\n\n";
-		$output .= '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_memory_usage" style="border:1px solid #5a0099;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">';
-		$output .= "\n";
-		$output .= '<legend style="color:#5a0099;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_memory_usage').'&nbsp;&nbsp;</legend>';
-		$output .= "\n";
-
-		if (function_exists('memory_get_usage') && ($usage = memory_get_usage()) != '')
-		{
-			$output .= "<div style='color:#5a0099;font-weight:normal;padding:4px 0 4px 0'>".number_format($usage).' bytes</div>';
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$output .= "<div style='color:#5a0099;font-weight:normal;padding:4px 0 4px 0'>".$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_no_memory')."</div>";
-		}
-
-		$output .= "</fieldset>";
-
-		return $output;
+		return "\n\n"
+			. '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_memory_usage" style="border:1px solid #5a0099;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">'
+			. "\n"
+			. '<legend style="color:#5a0099;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_memory_usage').'&nbsp;&nbsp;</legend>'
+			. "\n<div style='color:#5a0099;font-weight:normal;padding:4px 0 4px 0'>"
+			. ((function_exists('memory_get_usage') && ($usage = memory_get_usage()) != '') ? number_format($usage).' bytes' : $this->CI->lang->line('profiler_no_memory'))
+			. '</div></fieldset>';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -431,13 +394,11 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 	 */
 	protected function _compile_http_headers()
 	{
-		$output  = "\n\n";
-		$output .= '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_http_headers" style="border:1px solid #000;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">';
-		$output .= "\n";
-		$output .= '<legend style="color:#000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_headers').'&nbsp;&nbsp;(<span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="var s=document.getElementById(\'ci_profiler_httpheaders_table\').style;s.display=s.display==\'none\'?\'\':\'none\';this.innerHTML=this.innerHTML==\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\'?\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_hide').'\':\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\';">'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'</span>)</legend>';
-		$output .= "\n";
-
-		$output .= "\n\n<table style='width:100%;display:none' id='ci_profiler_httpheaders_table'>\n";
+		$output = "\n\n"
+			. '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_http_headers" style="border:1px solid #000;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">'
+			. "\n"
+			. '<legend style="color:#000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_headers').'&nbsp;&nbsp;(<span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="var s=document.getElementById(\'ci_profiler_httpheaders_table\').style;s.display=s.display==\'none\'?\'\':\'none\';this.innerHTML=this.innerHTML==\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\'?\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_hide').'\':\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\';">'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'</span>)</legend>'
+			. "\n\n\n<table style='width:100%;display:none' id='ci_profiler_httpheaders_table'>\n";
 
 		foreach (array('HTTP_ACCEPT', 'HTTP_USER_AGENT', 'HTTP_CONNECTION', 'SERVER_PORT', 'SERVER_NAME', 'REMOTE_ADDR', 'SERVER_SOFTWARE', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE', 'SCRIPT_NAME', 'REQUEST_METHOD',' HTTP_HOST', 'REMOTE_HOST', 'CONTENT_TYPE', 'SERVER_PROTOCOL', 'QUERY_STRING', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING', 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR') as $header)
 		{
@@ -445,10 +406,7 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 			$output .= "<tr><td style='vertical-align: top;width:50%;padding:5px;color:#900;background-color:#ddd;'>".$header."&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style='width:50%;padding:5px;color:#000;background-color:#ddd;'>".$val."</td></tr>\n";
 		}
 
-		$output .= "</table>\n";
-		$output .= "</fieldset>";
-
-		return $output;
+		return $output."</table>\n</fieldset>";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -462,13 +420,11 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 	 */
 	protected function _compile_config()
 	{
-		$output  = "\n\n";
-		$output .= '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_config" style="border:1px solid #000;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">';
-		$output .= "\n";
-		$output .= '<legend style="color:#000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_config').'&nbsp;&nbsp;(<span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="var s=document.getElementById(\'ci_profiler_config_table\').style;s.display=s.display==\'none\'?\'\':\'none\';this.innerHTML=this.innerHTML==\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\'?\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_hide').'\':\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\';">'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'</span>)</legend>';
-		$output .= "\n";
-
-		$output .= "\n\n<table style='width:100%; display:none' id='ci_profiler_config_table'>\n";
+		$output = "\n\n"
+			. '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_config" style="border:1px solid #000;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">'
+			. "\n"
+			. '<legend style="color:#000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_config').'&nbsp;&nbsp;(<span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="var s=document.getElementById(\'ci_profiler_config_table\').style;s.display=s.display==\'none\'?\'\':\'none\';this.innerHTML=this.innerHTML==\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\'?\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_hide').'\':\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\';">'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'</span>)</legend>'
+			. "\n\n\n<table style='width:100%; display:none' id='ci_profiler_config_table'>\n";
 
 		foreach ($this->CI->config->config as $config=>$val)
 		{
@@ -480,10 +436,7 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 			$output .= "<tr><td style='padding:5px; vertical-align: top;color:#900;background-color:#ddd;'>".$config."&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style='padding:5px; color:#000;background-color:#ddd;'>".htmlspecialchars($val)."</td></tr>\n";
 		}
 
-		$output .= "</table>\n";
-		$output .= "</fieldset>";
-
-		return $output;
+		return $output."</table>\n</fieldset>";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -500,9 +453,9 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 			return;
 		}
 
-		$output = '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_csession" style="border:1px solid #000;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">';
-		$output .= '<legend style="color:#000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_session_data').'&nbsp;&nbsp;(<span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="var s=document.getElementById(\'ci_profiler_session_data\').style;s.display=s.display==\'none\'?\'\':\'none\';this.innerHTML=this.innerHTML==\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\'?\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_hide').'\':\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\';">'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'</span>)</legend>';
-		$output .= "<table style='width:100%;display:none' id='ci_profiler_session_data'>";
+		$output = '<fieldset id="ci_profiler_csession" style="border:1px solid #000;padding:6px 10px 10px 10px;margin:20px 0 20px 0;background-color:#eee">'
+			. '<legend style="color:#000;">&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_session_data').'&nbsp;&nbsp;(<span style="cursor: pointer;" onclick="var s=document.getElementById(\'ci_profiler_session_data\').style;s.display=s.display==\'none\'?\'\':\'none\';this.innerHTML=this.innerHTML==\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\'?\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_hide').'\':\''.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'\';">'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_section_show').'</span>)</legend>'
+			. "<table style='width:100%;display:none' id='ci_profiler_session_data'>";
 
 		foreach ($this->CI->session->all_userdata() as $key => $val)
 		{
@@ -514,9 +467,7 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 			$output .= "<tr><td style='padding:5px; vertical-align: top;color:#900;background-color:#ddd;'>".$key."&nbsp;&nbsp;</td><td style='padding:5px; color:#000;background-color:#ddd;'>".htmlspecialchars($val)."</td></tr>\n";
 		}
 
-		$output .= '</table>';
-		$output .= "</fieldset>";
-		return $output;
+		return $output."</table>\n</fieldset>";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -541,14 +492,12 @@ class CI_Profiler {
 			}
 		}
 
-		if ($fields_displayed == 0)
+		if ($fields_displayed === 0)
 		{
 			$output .= '<p style="border:1px solid #5a0099;padding:10px;margin:20px 0;background-color:#eee">'.$this->CI->lang->line('profiler_no_profiles').'</p>';
 		}
 
-		$output .= '</div>';
-
-		return $output;
+		return $output.'</div>';
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Session.php b/system/libraries/Session.php
index 8ee08c5b2..66b39a6a2 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Session.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Session.php
@@ -1,51 +1,61 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 /**
  * Session Class
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Sessions
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/sessions.html
  */
 class CI_Session {
 
-	var $sess_encrypt_cookie		= FALSE;
-	var $sess_use_database			= FALSE;
-	var $sess_table_name			= '';
-	var $sess_expiration			= 7200;
-	var $sess_expire_on_close		= FALSE;
-	var $sess_match_ip				= FALSE;
-	var $sess_match_useragent		= TRUE;
-	var $sess_cookie_name			= 'ci_session';
-	var $cookie_prefix				= '';
-	var $cookie_path				= '';
-	var $cookie_domain				= '';
-	var $cookie_secure				= FALSE;
-	var $sess_time_to_update		= 300;
-	var $encryption_key				= '';
-	var $flashdata_key				= 'flash';
-	var $time_reference				= 'time';
-	var $gc_probability				= 5;
-	var $userdata					= array();
-	var $CI;
-	var $now;
+	public $sess_encrypt_cookie		= FALSE;
+	public $sess_use_database		= FALSE;
+	public $sess_table_name			= '';
+	public $sess_expiration			= 7200;
+	public $sess_expire_on_close		= FALSE;
+	public $sess_match_ip			= FALSE;
+	public $sess_match_useragent		= TRUE;
+	public $sess_cookie_name		= 'ci_session';
+	public $cookie_prefix			= '';
+	public $cookie_path			= '';
+	public $cookie_domain			= '';
+	public $cookie_secure			= FALSE;
+	public $sess_time_to_update		= 300;
+	public $encryption_key			= '';
+	public $flashdata_key			= 'flash';
+	public $time_reference			= 'time';
+	public $gc_probability			= 5;
+	public $userdata			= array();
+	public $CI;
+	public $now;
 
 	/**
 	 * Session Constructor
@@ -55,7 +65,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 */
 	public function __construct($params = array())
 	{
-		log_message('debug', "Session Class Initialized");
+		log_message('debug', 'Session Class Initialized');
 
 		// Set the super object to a local variable for use throughout the class
 		$this->CI =& get_instance();
@@ -81,14 +91,14 @@ class CI_Session {
 			$this->CI->load->library('encrypt');
 		}
 
-		// Are we using a database?  If so, load it
-		if ($this->sess_use_database === TRUE AND $this->sess_table_name != '')
+		// Are we using a database? If so, load it
+		if ($this->sess_use_database === TRUE && $this->sess_table_name != '')
 		{
 			$this->CI->load->database();
 		}
 
-		// Set the "now" time.  Can either be GMT or server time, based on the
-		// config prefs.  We use this to set the "last activity" time
+		// Set the "now" time. Can either be GMT or server time, based on the
+		// config prefs. We use this to set the "last activity" time
 		$this->now = $this->_get_time();
 
 		// Set the session length. If the session expiration is
@@ -97,12 +107,12 @@ class CI_Session {
 		{
 			$this->sess_expiration = (60*60*24*365*2);
 		}
-		
+
 		// Set the cookie name
 		$this->sess_cookie_name = $this->cookie_prefix.$this->sess_cookie_name;
 
 		// Run the Session routine. If a session doesn't exist we'll
-		// create a new one.  If it does, we'll update it.
+		// create a new one. If it does, we'll update it.
 		if ( ! $this->sess_read())
 		{
 			$this->sess_create();
@@ -121,7 +131,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 		// Delete expired sessions if necessary
 		$this->_sess_gc();
 
-		log_message('debug', "Session routines successfully run");
+		log_message('debug', 'Session routines successfully run');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -129,10 +139,9 @@ class CI_Session {
 	/**
 	 * Fetch the current session data if it exists
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function sess_read()
+	public function sess_read()
 	{
 		// Fetch the cookie
 		$session = $this->CI->input->cookie($this->sess_cookie_name);
@@ -155,7 +164,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 			$hash	 = substr($session, strlen($session)-32); // get last 32 chars
 			$session = substr($session, 0, strlen($session)-32);
 
-			// Does the md5 hash match?  This is to prevent manipulation of session data in userspace
+			// Does the md5 hash match? This is to prevent manipulation of session data in userspace
 			if ($hash !==  md5($session.$this->encryption_key))
 			{
 				log_message('error', 'The session cookie data did not match what was expected. This could be a possible hacking attempt.');
@@ -168,7 +177,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 		$session = $this->_unserialize($session);
 
 		// Is the session data we unserialized an array with the correct format?
-		if ( ! is_array($session) OR ! isset($session['session_id']) OR ! isset($session['ip_address']) OR ! isset($session['user_agent']) OR ! isset($session['last_activity']))
+		if ( ! is_array($session) OR ! isset($session['session_id'], $session['ip_address'], $session['user_agent'], $session['last_activity']))
 		{
 			$this->sess_destroy();
 			return FALSE;
@@ -181,15 +190,15 @@ class CI_Session {
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
-		// Does the IP Match?
-		if ($this->sess_match_ip == TRUE AND $session['ip_address'] != $this->CI->input->ip_address())
+		// Does the IP match?
+		if ($this->sess_match_ip == TRUE && $session['ip_address'] !== $this->CI->input->ip_address())
 		{
 			$this->sess_destroy();
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		// Does the User Agent Match?
-		if ($this->sess_match_useragent == TRUE AND trim($session['user_agent']) != trim(substr($this->CI->input->user_agent(), 0, 120)))
+		if ($this->sess_match_useragent == TRUE && trim($session['user_agent']) !== trim(substr($this->CI->input->user_agent(), 0, 120)))
 		{
 			$this->sess_destroy();
 			return FALSE;
@@ -212,8 +221,8 @@ class CI_Session {
 
 			$query = $this->CI->db->get($this->sess_table_name);
 
-			// No result?  Kill it!
-			if ($query->num_rows() == 0)
+			// No result? Kill it!
+			if ($query->num_rows() === 0)
 			{
 				$this->sess_destroy();
 				return FALSE;
@@ -221,7 +230,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 
 			// Is there custom data?  If so, add it to the main session array
 			$row = $query->row();
-			if (isset($row->user_data) AND $row->user_data != '')
+			if (isset($row->user_data) && $row->user_data != '')
 			{
 				$custom_data = $this->_unserialize($row->user_data);
 
@@ -247,10 +256,9 @@ class CI_Session {
 	/**
 	 * Write the session data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function sess_write()
+	public function sess_write()
 	{
 		// Are we saving custom data to the DB?  If not, all we do is update the cookie
 		if ($this->sess_use_database === FALSE)
@@ -272,7 +280,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 			$cookie_userdata[$val] = $this->userdata[$val];
 		}
 
-		// Did we find any custom data?  If not, we turn the empty array into a string
+		// Did we find any custom data? If not, we turn the empty array into a string
 		// since there's no reason to serialize and store an empty array in the DB
 		if (count($custom_userdata) === 0)
 		{
@@ -288,7 +296,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 		$this->CI->db->where('session_id', $this->userdata['session_id']);
 		$this->CI->db->update($this->sess_table_name, array('last_activity' => $this->userdata['last_activity'], 'user_data' => $custom_userdata));
 
-		// Write the cookie.  Notice that we manually pass the cookie data array to the
+		// Write the cookie. Notice that we manually pass the cookie data array to the
 		// _set_cookie() function. Normally that function will store $this->userdata, but
 		// in this case that array contains custom data, which we do not want in the cookie.
 		$this->_set_cookie($cookie_userdata);
@@ -299,28 +307,27 @@ class CI_Session {
 	/**
 	 * Create a new session
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function sess_create()
+	public function sess_create()
 	{
 		$sessid = '';
-		while (strlen($sessid) < 32)
+		do
 		{
 			$sessid .= mt_rand(0, mt_getrandmax());
 		}
+		while (strlen($sessid) < 32);
 
 		// To make the session ID even more secure we'll combine it with the user's IP
 		$sessid .= $this->CI->input->ip_address();
 
 		$this->userdata = array(
-							'session_id'	=> md5(uniqid($sessid, TRUE)),
-							'ip_address'	=> $this->CI->input->ip_address(),
-							'user_agent'	=> substr($this->CI->input->user_agent(), 0, 120),
-							'last_activity'	=> $this->now,
-							'user_data'		=> ''
-							);
-
+					'session_id'	=> md5(uniqid($sessid, TRUE)),
+					'ip_address'	=> $this->CI->input->ip_address(),
+					'user_agent'	=> substr($this->CI->input->user_agent(), 0, 120),
+					'last_activity'	=> $this->now,
+					'user_data'	=> ''
+				);
 
 		// Save the data to the DB if needed
 		if ($this->sess_use_database === TRUE)
@@ -337,10 +344,9 @@ class CI_Session {
 	/**
 	 * Update an existing session
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function sess_update()
+	public function sess_update()
 	{
 		// We only update the session every five minutes by default
 		if (($this->userdata['last_activity'] + $this->sess_time_to_update) >= $this->now)
@@ -348,29 +354,52 @@ class CI_Session {
 			return;
 		}
 
+		// _set_cookie() will handle this for us if we aren't using database sessions
+		// by pushing all userdata to the cookie.
+		$cookie_data = NULL;
+
+		/* Changing the session ID during an AJAX call causes problems,
+		 * so we'll only update our last_activity
+		 */
+		if ($this->CI->input->is_ajax_request())
+		{
+			$this->userdata['last_activity'] = $this->now;
+
+			// Update the session ID and last_activity field in the DB if needed
+			if ($this->sess_use_database === TRUE)
+			{
+				// set cookie explicitly to only have our session data
+				$cookie_data = array();
+				foreach (array('session_id','ip_address','user_agent','last_activity') as $val)
+				{
+					$cookie_data[$val] = $this->userdata[$val];
+				}
+
+				$this->CI->db->query($this->CI->db->update_string($this->sess_table_name,
+											array('last_activity' => $this->userdata['last_activity']),
+											array('session_id' => $this->userdata['session_id'])));
+			}
+
+			return $this->_set_cookie($cookie_data);
+		}
+
 		// Save the old session id so we know which record to
 		// update in the database if we need it
 		$old_sessid = $this->userdata['session_id'];
 		$new_sessid = '';
-		while (strlen($new_sessid) < 32)
+		do
 		{
 			$new_sessid .= mt_rand(0, mt_getrandmax());
 		}
+		while (strlen($new_sessid) < 32);
 
 		// To make the session ID even more secure we'll combine it with the user's IP
 		$new_sessid .= $this->CI->input->ip_address();
 
-		// Turn it into a hash
-		$new_sessid = md5(uniqid($new_sessid, TRUE));
-
-		// Update the session data in the session data array
-		$this->userdata['session_id'] = $new_sessid;
+		// Turn it into a hash and update the session data array
+		$this->userdata['session_id'] = $new_sessid = md5(uniqid($new_sessid, TRUE));
 		$this->userdata['last_activity'] = $this->now;
 
-		// _set_cookie() will handle this for us if we aren't using database sessions
-		// by pushing all userdata to the cookie.
-		$cookie_data = NULL;
-
 		// Update the session ID and last_activity field in the DB if needed
 		if ($this->sess_use_database === TRUE)
 		{
@@ -393,13 +422,12 @@ class CI_Session {
 	/**
 	 * Destroy the current session
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function sess_destroy()
+	public function sess_destroy()
 	{
 		// Kill the session DB row
-		if ($this->sess_use_database === TRUE AND isset($this->userdata['session_id']))
+		if ($this->sess_use_database === TRUE && isset($this->userdata['session_id']))
 		{
 			$this->CI->db->where('session_id', $this->userdata['session_id']);
 			$this->CI->db->delete($this->sess_table_name);
@@ -407,13 +435,13 @@ class CI_Session {
 
 		// Kill the cookie
 		setcookie(
-					$this->sess_cookie_name,
-					addslashes(serialize(array())),
-					($this->now - 31500000),
-					$this->cookie_path,
-					$this->cookie_domain,
-					0
-				);
+				$this->sess_cookie_name,
+				addslashes(serialize(array())),
+				($this->now - 31500000),
+				$this->cookie_path,
+				$this->cookie_domain,
+				0
+			);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -421,11 +449,10 @@ class CI_Session {
 	/**
 	 * Fetch a specific item from the session array
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function userdata($item)
+	public function userdata($item)
 	{
 		return ( ! isset($this->userdata[$item])) ? FALSE : $this->userdata[$item];
 	}
@@ -435,10 +462,9 @@ class CI_Session {
 	/**
 	 * Fetch all session data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function all_userdata()
+	public function all_userdata()
 	{
 		return $this->userdata;
 	}
@@ -448,12 +474,11 @@ class CI_Session {
 	/**
 	 * Add or change data in the "userdata" array
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_userdata($newdata = array(), $newval = '')
+	public function set_userdata($newdata = array(), $newval = '')
 	{
 		if (is_string($newdata))
 		{
@@ -476,10 +501,9 @@ class CI_Session {
 	/**
 	 * Delete a session variable from the "userdata" array
 	 *
-	 * @access	array
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function unset_userdata($newdata = array())
+	public function unset_userdata($newdata = array())
 	{
 		if (is_string($newdata))
 		{
@@ -503,12 +527,11 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 * Add or change flashdata, only available
 	 * until the next request
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_flashdata($newdata = array(), $newval = '')
+	public function set_flashdata($newdata = array(), $newval = '')
 	{
 		if (is_string($newdata))
 		{
@@ -519,8 +542,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 		{
 			foreach ($newdata as $key => $val)
 			{
-				$flashdata_key = $this->flashdata_key.':new:'.$key;
-				$this->set_userdata($flashdata_key, $val);
+				$this->set_userdata($this->flashdata_key.':new:'.$key, $val);
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -530,21 +552,18 @@ class CI_Session {
 	/**
 	 * Keeps existing flashdata available to next request.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function keep_flashdata($key)
+	public function keep_flashdata($key)
 	{
-		// 'old' flashdata gets removed.  Here we mark all
+		// 'old' flashdata gets removed. Here we mark all
 		// flashdata as 'new' to preserve it from _flashdata_sweep()
 		// Note the function will return FALSE if the $key
 		// provided cannot be found
-		$old_flashdata_key = $this->flashdata_key.':old:'.$key;
-		$value = $this->userdata($old_flashdata_key);
+		$value = $this->userdata($this->flashdata_key.':old:'.$key);
 
-		$new_flashdata_key = $this->flashdata_key.':new:'.$key;
-		$this->set_userdata($new_flashdata_key, $value);
+		$this->set_userdata($this->flashdata_key.':new:'.$key, $value);
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -552,14 +571,12 @@ class CI_Session {
 	/**
 	 * Fetch a specific flashdata item from the session array
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function flashdata($key)
+	public function flashdata($key)
 	{
-		$flashdata_key = $this->flashdata_key.':old:'.$key;
-		return $this->userdata($flashdata_key);
+		return $this->userdata($this->flashdata_key.':old:'.$key);
 	}
 
 	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -568,10 +585,9 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 * Identifies flashdata as 'old' for removal
 	 * when _flashdata_sweep() runs.
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _flashdata_mark()
+	protected function _flashdata_mark()
 	{
 		$userdata = $this->all_userdata();
 		foreach ($userdata as $name => $value)
@@ -579,8 +595,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 			$parts = explode(':new:', $name);
 			if (is_array($parts) && count($parts) === 2)
 			{
-				$new_name = $this->flashdata_key.':old:'.$parts[1];
-				$this->set_userdata($new_name, $value);
+				$this->set_userdata($this->flashdata_key.':old:'.$parts[1], $value);
 				$this->unset_userdata($name);
 			}
 		}
@@ -591,11 +606,9 @@ class CI_Session {
 	/**
 	 * Removes all flashdata marked as 'old'
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-
-	function _flashdata_sweep()
+	protected function _flashdata_sweep()
 	{
 		$userdata = $this->all_userdata();
 		foreach ($userdata as $key => $value)
@@ -613,22 +626,13 @@ class CI_Session {
 	/**
 	 * Get the "now" time
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _get_time()
+	protected function _get_time()
 	{
-		if (strtolower($this->time_reference) == 'gmt')
-		{
-			$now = time();
-			$time = mktime(gmdate("H", $now), gmdate("i", $now), gmdate("s", $now), gmdate("m", $now), gmdate("d", $now), gmdate("Y", $now));
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$time = time();
-		}
-
-		return $time;
+		return (strtolower($this->time_reference) === 'gmt')
+			? mktime(gmdate('H'), gmdate('i'), gmdate('s'), gmdate('m'), gmdate('d'), gmdate('Y'))
+			: time();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -636,10 +640,9 @@ class CI_Session {
 	/**
 	 * Write the session cookie
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _set_cookie($cookie_data = NULL)
+	protected function _set_cookie($cookie_data = NULL)
 	{
 		if (is_null($cookie_data))
 		{
@@ -663,13 +666,13 @@ class CI_Session {
 
 		// Set the cookie
 		setcookie(
-					$this->sess_cookie_name,
-					$cookie_data,
-					$expire,
-					$this->cookie_path,
-					$this->cookie_domain,
-					$this->cookie_secure
-				);
+				$this->sess_cookie_name,
+				$cookie_data,
+				$expire,
+				$this->cookie_path,
+				$this->cookie_domain,
+				$this->cookie_secure
+			);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -680,33 +683,39 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 * This function first converts any slashes found in the array to a temporary
 	 * marker, so when it gets unserialized the slashes will be preserved
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _serialize($data)
+	protected function _serialize($data)
 	{
 		if (is_array($data))
 		{
-			foreach ($data as $key => $val)
-			{
-				if (is_string($val))
-				{
-					$data[$key] = str_replace('\\', '{{slash}}', $val);
-				}
-			}
+			array_walk_recursive($data, array(&$this, '_escape_slashes'));
 		}
-		else
+		elseif (is_string($data))
 		{
-			if (is_string($data))
-			{
-				$data = str_replace('\\', '{{slash}}', $data);
-			}
+			$data = str_replace('\\', '{{slash}}', $data);
 		}
-
 		return serialize($data);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Escape slashes
+	 *
+	 * This function converts any slashes found into a temporary marker
+	 *
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	void
+	 */
+	protected function _escape_slashes(&$val, $key)
+	{
+		if (is_string($val))
+		{
+			$val = str_replace('\\', '{{slash}}', $val);
+		}
+	}
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -715,30 +724,39 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 * This function unserializes a data string, then converts any
 	 * temporary slash markers back to actual slashes
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _unserialize($data)
+	protected function _unserialize($data)
 	{
 		$data = @unserialize(strip_slashes($data));
 
 		if (is_array($data))
 		{
-			foreach ($data as $key => $val)
-			{
-				if (is_string($val))
-				{
-					$data[$key] = str_replace('{{slash}}', '\\', $val);
-				}
-			}
-
+			array_walk_recursive($data, array(&$this, '_unescape_slashes'));
 			return $data;
 		}
 
 		return (is_string($data)) ? str_replace('{{slash}}', '\\', $data) : $data;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Unescape slashes
+	 *
+	 * This function converts any slash markers back into actual slashes
+	 *
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @param	string
+	 * @return	void
+	 */
+	protected function _unescape_slashes(&$val, $key)
+	{
+		if (is_string($val))
+		{
+	 		$val= str_replace('{{slash}}', '\\', $val);
+		}
+	}
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -747,10 +765,9 @@ class CI_Session {
 	 * This deletes expired session rows from database
 	 * if the probability percentage is met
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _sess_gc()
+	protected function _sess_gc()
 	{
 		if ($this->sess_use_database != TRUE)
 		{
@@ -769,9 +786,7 @@ class CI_Session {
 		}
 	}
 
-
 }
-// END Session Class
 
 /* End of file Session.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Session.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Session.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Sha1.php b/system/libraries/Sha1.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 8e991f54a..000000000
--- a/system/libraries/Sha1.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,251 +0,0 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
-/**
- * CodeIgniter
- *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
- *
- * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
- * @link		http://codeigniter.com
- * @since		Version 1.0
- * @filesource
- */
-
-// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/**
- * SHA1 Encoding Class
- *
- * Purpose: Provides 160 bit hashing using The Secure Hash Algorithm
- * developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The 40
- * character SHA1 message hash is computationally infeasible to crack.
- *
- * This class is a fallback for servers that are not running PHP greater than
- * 4.3, or do not have the MHASH library.
- *
- * This class is based on two scripts:
- *
- * Marcus Campbell's PHP implementation (GNU license)
- * http://www.tecknik.net/sha-1/
- *
- * ...which is based on Paul Johnston's JavaScript version
- * (BSD license). http://pajhome.org.uk/
- *
- * I encapsulated the functions and wrote one additional method to fix
- * a hex conversion bug. - Rick Ellis
- *
- * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @subpackage	Libraries
- * @category	Encryption
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/encryption.html
- */
-class CI_SHA1 {
-
-	public function __construct()
-	{
-		log_message('debug', "SHA1 Class Initialized");
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Generate the Hash
-	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	function generate($str)
-	{
-		$n = ((strlen($str) + 8) >> 6) + 1;
-
-		for ($i = 0; $i < $n * 16; $i++)
-		{
-			$x[$i] = 0;
-		}
-
-		for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($str); $i++)
-		{
-			$x[$i >> 2] |= ord(substr($str, $i, 1)) << (24 - ($i % 4) * 8);
-		}
-
-		$x[$i >> 2] |= 0x80 << (24 - ($i % 4) * 8);
-
-		$x[$n * 16 - 1] = strlen($str) * 8;
-
-		$a =  1732584193;
-		$b = -271733879;
-		$c = -1732584194;
-		$d =  271733878;
-		$e = -1009589776;
-
-		for ($i = 0; $i < count($x); $i += 16)
-		{
-			$olda = $a;
-			$oldb = $b;
-			$oldc = $c;
-			$oldd = $d;
-			$olde = $e;
-
-			for ($j = 0; $j < 80; $j++)
-			{
-				if ($j < 16)
-				{
-					$w[$j] = $x[$i + $j];
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$w[$j] = $this->_rol($w[$j - 3] ^ $w[$j - 8] ^ $w[$j - 14] ^ $w[$j - 16], 1);
-				}
-
-				$t = $this->_safe_add($this->_safe_add($this->_rol($a, 5), $this->_ft($j, $b, $c, $d)), $this->_safe_add($this->_safe_add($e, $w[$j]), $this->_kt($j)));
-
-				$e = $d;
-				$d = $c;
-				$c = $this->_rol($b, 30);
-				$b = $a;
-				$a = $t;
-			}
-
-			$a = $this->_safe_add($a, $olda);
-			$b = $this->_safe_add($b, $oldb);
-			$c = $this->_safe_add($c, $oldc);
-			$d = $this->_safe_add($d, $oldd);
-			$e = $this->_safe_add($e, $olde);
-		}
-
-		return $this->_hex($a).$this->_hex($b).$this->_hex($c).$this->_hex($d).$this->_hex($e);
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Convert a decimal to hex
-	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @param	string
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	function _hex($str)
-	{
-		$str = dechex($str);
-
-		if (strlen($str) == 7)
-		{
-			$str = '0'.$str;
-		}
-
-		return $str;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 *  Return result based on iteration
-	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	function _ft($t, $b, $c, $d)
-	{
-		if ($t < 20)
-			return ($b & $c) | ((~$b) & $d);
-		if ($t < 40)
-			return $b ^ $c ^ $d;
-		if ($t < 60)
-			return ($b & $c) | ($b & $d) | ($c & $d);
-
-		return $b ^ $c ^ $d;
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Determine the additive constant
-	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	function _kt($t)
-	{
-		if ($t < 20)
-		{
-			return 1518500249;
-		}
-		else if ($t < 40)
-		{
-			return 1859775393;
-		}
-		else if ($t < 60)
-		{
-			return -1894007588;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			return -899497514;
-		}
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Add integers, wrapping at 2^32
-	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	function _safe_add($x, $y)
-	{
-		$lsw = ($x & 0xFFFF) + ($y & 0xFFFF);
-		$msw = ($x >> 16) + ($y >> 16) + ($lsw >> 16);
-
-		return ($msw << 16) | ($lsw & 0xFFFF);
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Bitwise rotate a 32-bit number
-	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	integer
-	 */
-	function _rol($num, $cnt)
-	{
-		return ($num << $cnt) | $this->_zero_fill($num, 32 - $cnt);
-	}
-
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-	/**
-	 * Pad string with zero
-	 *
-	 * @access	private
-	 * @return	string
-	 */
-	function _zero_fill($a, $b)
-	{
-		$bin = decbin($a);
-
-		if (strlen($bin) < $b)
-		{
-			$bin = 0;
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$bin = substr($bin, 0, strlen($bin) - $b);
-		}
-
-		for ($i=0; $i < $b; $i++)
-		{
-			$bin = "0".$bin;
-		}
-
-		return bindec($bin);
-	}
-}
-// END CI_SHA
-
-/* End of file Sha1.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Sha1.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Table.php b/system/libraries/Table.php
index c14da727e..fb154e50f 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Table.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Table.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.3.1
  * @filesource
@@ -23,19 +35,19 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	HTML Tables
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/table.html
  */
 class CI_Table {
 
-	var $rows				= array();
-	var $heading			= array();
-	var $auto_heading		= TRUE;
-	var $caption			= NULL;
-	var $template			= NULL;
-	var $newline			= "\n";
-	var $empty_cells		= "";
-	var	$function			= FALSE;
+	public $rows			= array();
+	public $heading			= array();
+	public $auto_heading		= TRUE;
+	public $caption			= NULL;
+	public $template		= NULL;
+	public $newline			= "\n";
+	public $empty_cells		= '';
+	public $function		= FALSE;
 
 	public function __construct()
 	{
@@ -47,11 +59,10 @@ class CI_Table {
 	/**
 	 * Set the template
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_template($template)
+	public function set_template($template)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($template))
 		{
@@ -68,11 +79,10 @@ class CI_Table {
 	 *
 	 * Can be passed as an array or discreet params
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_heading()
+	public function set_heading()
 	{
 		$args = func_get_args();
 		$this->heading = $this->_prep_args($args);
@@ -86,14 +96,13 @@ class CI_Table {
 	 * columns.  This allows a single array with many elements to  be
 	 * displayed in a table that has a fixed column count.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @param	int
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function make_columns($array = array(), $col_limit = 0)
+	public function make_columns($array = array(), $col_limit = 0)
 	{
-		if ( ! is_array($array) OR count($array) == 0)
+		if ( ! is_array($array) OR count($array) === 0)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -108,7 +117,7 @@ class CI_Table {
 		}
 
 		$new = array();
-		while (count($array) > 0)
+		do
 		{
 			$temp = array_splice($array, 0, $col_limit);
 
@@ -122,6 +131,7 @@ class CI_Table {
 
 			$new[] = $temp;
 		}
+		while (count($array) > 0);
 
 		return $new;
 	}
@@ -133,11 +143,10 @@ class CI_Table {
 	 *
 	 * Can be passed as an array or discreet params
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_empty($value)
+	public function set_empty($value)
 	{
 		$this->empty_cells = $value;
 	}
@@ -149,11 +158,10 @@ class CI_Table {
 	 *
 	 * Can be passed as an array or discreet params
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function add_row()
+	public function add_row()
 	{
 		$args = func_get_args();
 		$this->rows[] = $this->_prep_args($args);
@@ -166,16 +174,15 @@ class CI_Table {
 	 *
 	 * Ensures a standard associative array format for all cell data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	type
 	 * @return	type
 	 */
-	function _prep_args($args)
+	protected function _prep_args($args)
 	{
 		// If there is no $args[0], skip this and treat as an associative array
 		// This can happen if there is only a single key, for example this is passed to table->generate
 		// array(array('foo'=>'bar'))
-		if (isset($args[0]) AND (count($args) == 1 && is_array($args[0])))
+		if (isset($args[0]) AND (count($args) === 1 && is_array($args[0])))
 		{
 			// args sent as indexed array
 			if ( ! isset($args[0]['data']))
@@ -212,11 +219,10 @@ class CI_Table {
 	/**
 	 * Add a table caption
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_caption($caption)
+	public function set_caption($caption)
 	{
 		$this->caption = $caption;
 	}
@@ -226,11 +232,10 @@ class CI_Table {
 	/**
 	 * Generate the table
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function generate($table_data = NULL)
+	public function generate($table_data = NULL)
 	{
 		// The table data can optionally be passed to this function
 		// either as a database result object or an array
@@ -242,13 +247,13 @@ class CI_Table {
 			}
 			elseif (is_array($table_data))
 			{
-				$set_heading = (count($this->heading) == 0 AND $this->auto_heading == FALSE) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+				$set_heading = (count($this->heading) === 0 AND $this->auto_heading == FALSE) ? FALSE : TRUE;
 				$this->_set_from_array($table_data, $set_heading);
 			}
 		}
 
 		// Is there anything to display?  No?  Smite them!
-		if (count($this->heading) == 0 AND count($this->rows) == 0)
+		if (count($this->heading) === 0 AND count($this->rows) === 0)
 		{
 			return 'Undefined table data';
 		}
@@ -261,24 +266,18 @@ class CI_Table {
 
 		// Build the table!
 
-		$out = $this->template['table_open'];
-		$out .= $this->newline;
+		$out = $this->template['table_open'].$this->newline;
 
 		// Add any caption here
 		if ($this->caption)
 		{
-			$out .= $this->newline;
-			$out .= '<caption>' . $this->caption . '</caption>';
-			$out .= $this->newline;
+			$out .= $this->newline.'<caption>'.$this->caption.'</caption>'.$this->newline;
 		}
 
 		// Is there a table heading to display?
 		if (count($this->heading) > 0)
 		{
-			$out .= $this->template['thead_open'];
-			$out .= $this->newline;
-			$out .= $this->template['heading_row_start'];
-			$out .= $this->newline;
+			$out .= $this->template['thead_open'].$this->newline.$this->template['heading_row_start'].$this->newline;
 
 			foreach ($this->heading as $heading)
 			{
@@ -292,22 +291,16 @@ class CI_Table {
 					}
 				}
 
-				$out .= $temp;
-				$out .= isset($heading['data']) ? $heading['data'] : '';
-				$out .= $this->template['heading_cell_end'];
+				$out .= $temp.(isset($heading['data']) ? $heading['data'] : '').$this->template['heading_cell_end'];
 			}
 
-			$out .= $this->template['heading_row_end'];
-			$out .= $this->newline;
-			$out .= $this->template['thead_close'];
-			$out .= $this->newline;
+			$out .= $this->template['heading_row_end'].$this->newline.$this->template['thead_close'].$this->newline;
 		}
 
 		// Build the table rows
 		if (count($this->rows) > 0)
 		{
-			$out .= $this->template['tbody_open'];
-			$out .= $this->newline;
+			$out .= $this->template['tbody_open'].$this->newline;
 
 			$i = 1;
 			foreach ($this->rows as $row)
@@ -320,8 +313,7 @@ class CI_Table {
 				// We use modulus to alternate the row colors
 				$name = (fmod($i++, 2)) ? '' : 'alt_';
 
-				$out .= $this->template['row_'.$name.'start'];
-				$out .= $this->newline;
+				$out .= $this->template['row_'.$name.'start'].$this->newline;
 
 				foreach ($row as $cell)
 				{
@@ -329,7 +321,7 @@ class CI_Table {
 
 					foreach ($cell as $key => $val)
 					{
-						if ($key != 'data')
+						if ($key !== 'data')
 						{
 							$temp = str_replace('<td', "<td $key='$val'", $temp);
 						}
@@ -357,12 +349,10 @@ class CI_Table {
 					$out .= $this->template['cell_'.$name.'end'];
 				}
 
-				$out .= $this->template['row_'.$name.'end'];
-				$out .= $this->newline;
+				$out .= $this->template['row_'.$name.'end'].$this->newline;
 			}
 
-			$out .= $this->template['tbody_close'];
-			$out .= $this->newline;
+			$out .= $this->template['tbody_close'].$this->newline;
 		}
 
 		$out .= $this->template['table_close'];
@@ -378,10 +368,9 @@ class CI_Table {
 	/**
 	 * Clears the table arrays.  Useful if multiple tables are being generated
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function clear()
+	public function clear()
 	{
 		$this->rows				= array();
 		$this->heading			= array();
@@ -393,11 +382,10 @@ class CI_Table {
 	/**
 	 * Set table data from a database result object
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	object
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _set_from_object($query)
+	protected function _set_from_object($query)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_object($query))
 		{
@@ -405,7 +393,7 @@ class CI_Table {
 		}
 
 		// First generate the headings from the table column names
-		if (count($this->heading) == 0)
+		if (count($this->heading) === 0)
 		{
 			if ( ! method_exists($query, 'list_fields'))
 			{
@@ -431,13 +419,12 @@ class CI_Table {
 	/**
 	 * Set table data from an array
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _set_from_array($data, $set_heading = TRUE)
+	protected function _set_from_array($data, $set_heading = TRUE)
 	{
-		if ( ! is_array($data) OR count($data) == 0)
+		if ( ! is_array($data) OR count($data) === 0)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -446,7 +433,7 @@ class CI_Table {
 		foreach ($data as $row)
 		{
 			// If a heading hasn't already been set we'll use the first row of the array as the heading
-			if ($i == 0 AND count($data) > 1 AND count($this->heading) == 0 AND $set_heading == TRUE)
+			if ($i++ === 0 AND count($data) > 1 AND count($this->heading) === 0 AND $set_heading == TRUE)
 			{
 				$this->heading = $this->_prep_args($row);
 			}
@@ -454,8 +441,6 @@ class CI_Table {
 			{
 				$this->rows[] = $this->_prep_args($row);
 			}
-
-			$i++;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -464,10 +449,9 @@ class CI_Table {
 	/**
 	 * Compile Template
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _compile_template()
+	protected function _compile_template()
 	{
 		if ($this->template == NULL)
 		{
@@ -490,10 +474,9 @@ class CI_Table {
 	/**
 	 * Default Template
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _default_template()
+	protected function _default_template()
 	{
 		return  array (
 						'table_open'			=> '<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">',
@@ -526,6 +509,5 @@ class CI_Table {
 
 }
 
-
 /* End of file Table.php */
 /* Location: ./system/libraries/Table.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Trackback.php b/system/libraries/Trackback.php
index b0a767822..79a009133 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Trackback.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Trackback.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -23,23 +35,18 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Trackbacks
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/trackback.html
  */
 class CI_Trackback {
 
-	var $time_format	= 'local';
-	var $charset		= 'UTF-8';
-	var $data			= array('url' => '', 'title' => '', 'excerpt' => '', 'blog_name' => '', 'charset' => '');
-	var $convert_ascii	= TRUE;
-	var $response		= '';
-	var $error_msg		= array();
+	public $time_format	= 'local';
+	public $charset		= 'UTF-8';
+	public $data			= array('url' => '', 'title' => '', 'excerpt' => '', 'blog_name' => '', 'charset' => '');
+	public $convert_ascii	= TRUE;
+	public $response		= '';
+	public $error_msg		= array();
 
-	/**
-	 * Constructor
-	 *
-	 * @access	public
-	 */
 	public function __construct()
 	{
 		log_message('debug', "Trackback Class Initialized");
@@ -50,11 +57,10 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 	/**
 	 * Send Trackback
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function send($tb_data)
+	public function send($tb_data)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($tb_data))
 		{
@@ -84,20 +90,9 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 			}
 
 			// Convert High ASCII Characters
-			if ($this->convert_ascii == TRUE)
+			if ($this->convert_ascii == TRUE && in_array($item, array('excerpt', 'title', 'blog_name')))
 			{
-				if ($item == 'excerpt')
-				{
-					$$item = $this->convert_ascii($$item);
-				}
-				elseif ($item == 'title')
-				{
-					$$item = $this->convert_ascii($$item);
-				}
-				elseif ($item == 'blog_name')
-				{
-					$$item = $this->convert_ascii($$item);
-				}
+				$$item = $this->convert_ascii($$item);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -132,10 +127,9 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 	 * If the data is valid it is set to the $this->data array
 	 * so that it can be inserted into a database.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function receive()
+	public function receive()
 	{
 		foreach (array('url', 'title', 'blog_name', 'excerpt') as $val)
 		{
@@ -174,11 +168,10 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 	 * sends the "incomplete information" error, as that's
 	 * the most common one.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function send_error($message = 'Incomplete Information')
+	public function send_error($message = 'Incomplete Information')
 	{
 		echo "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?".">\n<response>\n<error>1</error>\n<message>".$message."</message>\n</response>";
 		exit;
@@ -192,10 +185,9 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 	 * This should be called when a trackback has been
 	 * successfully received and inserted.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function send_success()
+	public function send_success()
 	{
 		echo "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?".">\n<response>\n<error>0</error>\n</response>";
 		exit;
@@ -206,11 +198,10 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 	/**
 	 * Fetch a particular item
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function data($item)
+	public function data($item)
 	{
 		return ( ! isset($this->data[$item])) ? '' : $this->data[$item];
 	}
@@ -223,12 +214,11 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 	 * Opens a socket connection and passes the data to
 	 * the server.  Returns TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	function process($url, $data)
+	public function process($url, $data)
 	{
 		$target = parse_url($url);
 
@@ -268,15 +258,9 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 		@fclose($fp);
 
 
-		if (stristr($this->response, '<error>0</error>') === FALSE)
+		if (stripos($this->response, '<error>0</error>') === FALSE)
 		{
-			$message = 'An unknown error was encountered';
-
-			if (preg_match("/<message>(.*?)<\/message>/is", $this->response, $match))
-			{
-				$message = trim($match['1']);
-			}
-
+			$message = (preg_match('/<message>(.*?)<\/message>/is', $this->response, $match)) ? trim($match[1]) : 'An unknown error was encountered';
 			$this->set_error($message);
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -293,11 +277,10 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 	 * It takes a string of URLs (separated by comma or
 	 * space) and puts each URL into an array
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function extract_urls($urls)
+	public function extract_urls($urls)
 	{
 		// Remove the pesky white space and replace with a comma.
 		$urls = preg_replace("/\s*(\S+)\s*/", "\\1,", $urls);
@@ -306,7 +289,7 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 		$urls = str_replace(",,", ",", $urls);
 
 		// Remove any comma that might be at the end
-		if (substr($urls, -1) == ",")
+		if (substr($urls, -1) === ',')
 		{
 			$urls = substr($urls, 0, -1);
 		}
@@ -329,17 +312,16 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 	 *
 	 * Simply adds "http://" if missing
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function validate_url($url)
+	public function validate_url($url)
 	{
 		$url = trim($url);
 
-		if (substr($url, 0, 4) != "http")
+		if (strpos($url, 'http') !== 0)
 		{
-			$url = "http://".$url;
+			$url = 'http://'.$url;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -348,11 +330,10 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 	/**
 	 * Find the Trackback URL's ID
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function get_id($url)
+	public function get_id($url)
 	{
 		$tb_id = "";
 
@@ -397,23 +378,20 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 	/**
 	 * Convert Reserved XML characters to Entities
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function convert_xml($str)
+	public function convert_xml($str)
 	{
 		$temp = '__TEMP_AMPERSANDS__';
 
-		$str = preg_replace("/&#(\d+);/", "$temp\\1;", $str);
-		$str = preg_replace("/&(\w+);/",  "$temp\\1;", $str);
+		$str = preg_replace(array('/&#(\d+);/', '/&(\w+);/'), "$temp\\1;", $str);
 
 		$str = str_replace(array("&","<",">","\"", "'", "-"),
 							array("&amp;", "&lt;", "&gt;", "&quot;", "&#39;", "&#45;"),
 							$str);
 
-		$str = preg_replace("/$temp(\d+);/","&#\\1;",$str);
-		$str = preg_replace("/$temp(\w+);/","&\\1;", $str);
+		$str = preg_replace(array("/$temp(\d+);/", "/$temp(\w+);/"), array('&#\\1;', '&\\1;'), $str);
 
 		return $str;
 	}
@@ -425,13 +403,12 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 	 *
 	 * Limits the string based on the character count. Will preserve complete words.
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	integer
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function limit_characters($str, $n = 500, $end_char = '&#8230;')
+	public function limit_characters($str, $n = 500, $end_char = '&#8230;')
 	{
 		if (strlen($str) < $n)
 		{
@@ -445,13 +422,13 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 			return $str;
 		}
 
-		$out = "";
+		$out = '';
 		foreach (explode(' ', trim($str)) as $val)
 		{
 			$out .= $val.' ';
 			if (strlen($out) >= $n)
 			{
-				return trim($out).$end_char;
+				return rtrim($out).$end_char;
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -464,11 +441,10 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 	 * Converts Hight ascii text and MS Word special chars
 	 * to character entities
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function convert_ascii($str)
+	public function convert_ascii($str)
 	{
 		$count	= 1;
 		$out	= '';
@@ -484,16 +460,16 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				if (count($temp) == 0)
+				if (count($temp) === 0)
 				{
 					$count = ($ordinal < 224) ? 2 : 3;
 				}
 
 				$temp[] = $ordinal;
 
-				if (count($temp) == $count)
+				if (count($temp) === $count)
 				{
-					$number = ($count == 3) ? (($temp['0'] % 16) * 4096) + (($temp['1'] % 64) * 64) + ($temp['2'] % 64) : (($temp['0'] % 32) * 64) + ($temp['1'] % 64);
+					$number = ($count == 3) ? (($temp[0] % 16) * 4096) + (($temp[1] % 64) * 64) + ($temp[2] % 64) : (($temp[0] % 32) * 64) + ($temp[1] % 64);
 
 					$out .= '&#'.$number.';';
 					$count = 1;
@@ -510,11 +486,10 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 	/**
 	 * Set error message
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_error($msg)
+	public function set_error($msg)
 	{
 		log_message('error', $msg);
 		$this->error_msg[] = $msg;
@@ -525,24 +500,17 @@ class CI_Trackback {
 	/**
 	 * Show error messages
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function display_errors($open = '<p>', $close = '</p>')
+	public function display_errors($open = '<p>', $close = '</p>')
 	{
-		$str = '';
-		foreach ($this->error_msg as $val)
-		{
-			$str .= $open.$val.$close;
-		}
-
-		return $str;
+		return (count($this->error_msg) > 0) ? $open . implode($close . $open, $this->error_msg) . $close : '';
 	}
 
 }
 // END Trackback Class
 
 /* End of file Trackback.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Trackback.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Trackback.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Typography.php b/system/libraries/Typography.php
index f061311b0..46c73ef8b 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Typography.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Typography.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -19,30 +31,30 @@
  * Typography Class
  *
  *
- * @access		private
+ * @access		protected
  * @category	Helpers
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/typography.html
  */
 class CI_Typography {
 
 	// Block level elements that should not be wrapped inside <p> tags
-	var $block_elements = 'address|blockquote|div|dl|fieldset|form|h\d|hr|noscript|object|ol|p|pre|script|table|ul';
+	public $block_elements = 'address|blockquote|div|dl|fieldset|form|h\d|hr|noscript|object|ol|p|pre|script|table|ul';
 
 	// Elements that should not have <p> and <br /> tags within them.
-	var $skip_elements	= 'p|pre|ol|ul|dl|object|table|h\d';
+	public $skip_elements	= 'p|pre|ol|ul|dl|object|table|h\d';
 
 	// Tags we want the parser to completely ignore when splitting the string.
-	var $inline_elements = 'a|abbr|acronym|b|bdo|big|br|button|cite|code|del|dfn|em|i|img|ins|input|label|map|kbd|q|samp|select|small|span|strong|sub|sup|textarea|tt|var';
+	public $inline_elements = 'a|abbr|acronym|b|bdo|big|br|button|cite|code|del|dfn|em|i|img|ins|input|label|map|kbd|q|samp|select|small|span|strong|sub|sup|textarea|tt|var';
 
 	// array of block level elements that require inner content to be within another block level element
-	var $inner_block_required = array('blockquote');
+	public $inner_block_required = array('blockquote');
 
 	// the last block element parsed
-	var $last_block_element = '';
+	public $last_block_element = '';
 
 	// whether or not to protect quotes within { curly braces }
-	var $protect_braced_quotes = FALSE;
+	public $protect_braced_quotes = FALSE;
 
 	/**
 	 * Auto Typography
@@ -60,7 +72,7 @@ class CI_Typography {
 	 * @param	bool	whether to reduce more then two consecutive newlines to two
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function auto_typography($str, $reduce_linebreaks = FALSE)
+	public function auto_typography($str, $reduce_linebreaks = FALSE)
 	{
 		if ($str == '')
 		{
@@ -115,35 +127,32 @@ class CI_Typography {
 		// adversely affected if they are split out so we'll convert the opening bracket < temporarily to: {@TAG}
 		$str = preg_replace("#<(/*)(".$this->inline_elements.")([ >])#i", "{@TAG}\\1\\2\\3", $str);
 
-		// Split the string at every tag.  This expression creates an array with this prototype:
-		//
-		//	[array]
-		//	{
-		//		[0] = <opening tag>
-		//		[1] = Content...
-		//		[2] = <closing tag>
-		//		Etc...
-		//	}
+		/* Split the string at every tag. This expression creates an array with this prototype:
+		 *
+		 *	[array]
+		 *	{
+		 *		[0] = <opening tag>
+		 *		[1] = Content...
+		 *		[2] = <closing tag>
+		 *		Etc...
+		 *	}
+		 */
 		$chunks = preg_split('/(<(?:[^<>]+(?:"[^"]*"|\'[^\']*\')?)+>)/', $str, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE|PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
 
 		// Build our finalized string.  We cycle through the array, skipping tags, and processing the contained text
 		$str = '';
 		$process = TRUE;
 		$paragraph = FALSE;
-		$current_chunk = 0;
-		$total_chunks = count($chunks);
 
-		foreach ($chunks as $chunk)
+		for ($i = 0, $c = count($chunks) - 1; $i <= $c; $i++)
 		{
-			$current_chunk++;
-
 			// Are we dealing with a tag? If so, we'll skip the processing for this cycle.
 			// Well also set the "process" flag which allows us to skip <pre> tags and a few other things.
-			if (preg_match("#<(/*)(".$this->block_elements.").*?>#", $chunk, $match))
+			if (preg_match("#<(/*)(".$this->block_elements.").*?>#", $chunks[$i], $match))
 			{
 				if (preg_match("#".$this->skip_elements."#", $match[2]))
 				{
-					$process =  ($match[1] == '/') ? TRUE : FALSE;
+					$process = ($match[1] === '/');
 				}
 
 				if ($match[1] == '')
@@ -151,24 +160,24 @@ class CI_Typography {
 					$this->last_block_element = $match[2];
 				}
 
-				$str .= $chunk;
+				$str .= $chunks[$i];
 				continue;
 			}
 
-			if ($process == FALSE)
+			if ($process === FALSE)
 			{
-				$str .= $chunk;
+				$str .= $chunks[$i];
 				continue;
 			}
 
 			//  Force a newline to make sure end tags get processed by _format_newlines()
-			if ($current_chunk == $total_chunks)
+			if ($i === $c)
 			{
-				$chunk .= "\n";
+				$chunks[$i] .= "\n";
 			}
 
 			//  Convert Newlines into <p> and <br /> tags
-			$str .= $this->_format_newlines($chunk);
+			$str .= $this->_format_newlines($chunks[$i]);
 		}
 
 		// No opening block level tag?  Add it if needed.
@@ -253,7 +262,7 @@ class CI_Typography {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function format_characters($str)
+	public function format_characters($str)
 	{
 		static $table;
 
@@ -313,18 +322,13 @@ class CI_Typography {
 	 *
 	 * Converts newline characters into either <p> tags or <br />
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
+	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _format_newlines($str)
+	protected function _format_newlines($str)
 	{
-		if ($str == '')
-		{
-			return $str;
-		}
-
-		if (strpos($str, "\n") === FALSE  && ! in_array($this->last_block_element, $this->inner_block_required))
+		if ($str == '' OR (strpos($str, "\n") === FALSE AND ! in_array($this->last_block_element, $this->inner_block_required)))
 		{
 			return $str;
 		}
@@ -361,11 +365,11 @@ class CI_Typography {
 	 * and we don't want double dashes converted to emdash entities, so they are marked with {@DD}
 	 * likewise double spaces are converted to {@NBS} to prevent entity conversion
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
+	 * @access	protected
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _protect_characters($match)
+	protected function _protect_characters($match)
 	{
 		return str_replace(array("'",'"','--','  '), array('{@SQ}', '{@DQ}', '{@DD}', '{@NBS}'), $match[0]);
 	}
@@ -379,25 +383,16 @@ class CI_Typography {
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function nl2br_except_pre($str)
+	public function nl2br_except_pre($str)
 	{
-		$ex = explode("pre>",$str);
-		$ct = count($ex);
-
-		$newstr = "";
-		for ($i = 0; $i < $ct; $i++)
+		$newstr = '';
+		for ($ex = explode('pre>', $str), $ct = count($ex), $i = 0; $i < $ct; $i++)
 		{
-			if (($i % 2) == 0)
+			$newstr .= (($i % 2) === 0) ? nl2br($ex[$i]) : $ex[$i];
+			if ($ct - 1 !== $i)
 			{
-				$newstr .= nl2br($ex[$i]);
+				$newstr .= 'pre>';
 			}
-			else
-			{
-				$newstr .= $ex[$i];
-			}
-
-			if ($ct - 1 != $i)
-				$newstr .= "pre>";
 		}
 
 		return $newstr;
diff --git a/system/libraries/Unit_test.php b/system/libraries/Unit_test.php
index d9bc8ef6b..38d767c69 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Unit_test.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Unit_test.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.3.1
  * @filesource
@@ -23,17 +35,17 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	UnitTesting
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/unit_testing.html
  */
 class CI_Unit_test {
 
-	var $active					= TRUE;
-	var $results				= array();
-	var $strict					= FALSE;
-	var $_template				= NULL;
-	var $_template_rows			= NULL;
-	var $_test_items_visible	= array();
+	public $active					= TRUE;
+	public $results				= array();
+	public $strict					= FALSE;
+	protected $_template				= NULL;
+	protected $_template_rows			= NULL;
+	protected $_test_items_visible	= array();
 
 	public function __construct()
 	{
@@ -58,11 +70,10 @@ class CI_Unit_test {
 	 *
 	 * Runs the supplied tests
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	array
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_test_items($items = array())
+	public function set_test_items($items = array())
 	{
 		if ( ! empty($items) AND is_array($items))
 		{
@@ -77,13 +88,12 @@ class CI_Unit_test {
 	 *
 	 * Runs the supplied tests
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function run($test, $expected = TRUE, $test_name = 'undefined', $notes = '')
+	public function run($test, $expected = TRUE, $test_name = 'undefined', $notes = '')
 	{
 		if ($this->active == FALSE)
 		{
@@ -98,11 +108,7 @@ class CI_Unit_test {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			if ($this->strict == TRUE)
-				$result = ($test === $expected) ? TRUE : FALSE;
-			else
-				$result = ($test == $expected) ? TRUE : FALSE;
-
+			$result = ($this->strict == TRUE) ? ($test === $expected) : ($test == $expected);
 			$extype = gettype($expected);
 		}
 
@@ -130,12 +136,11 @@ class CI_Unit_test {
 	 *
 	 * Displays a table with the test data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function report($result = array())
+	public function report($result = array())
 	{
-		if (count($result) == 0)
+		if (count($result) === 0)
 		{
 			$result = $this->result();
 		}
@@ -164,10 +169,7 @@ class CI_Unit_test {
 					}
 				}
 
-				$temp = $this->_template_rows;
-				$temp = str_replace('{item}', $key, $temp);
-				$temp = str_replace('{result}', $val, $temp);
-				$table .= $temp;
+				$table .= str_replace(array('{item}', '{result}'), array($key, $val), $this->_template_rows);
 			}
 
 			$r .= str_replace('{rows}', $table, $this->_template);
@@ -183,13 +185,12 @@ class CI_Unit_test {
 	 *
 	 * Causes the evaluation to use === rather than ==
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	null
 	 */
-	function use_strict($state = TRUE)
+	public function use_strict($state = TRUE)
 	{
-		$this->strict = ($state == FALSE) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+		$this->strict = (bool) $state;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -199,13 +200,12 @@ class CI_Unit_test {
 	 *
 	 * Enables/disables unit testing
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	bool
 	 * @return	null
 	 */
-	function active($state = TRUE)
+	public function active($state = TRUE)
 	{
-		$this->active = ($state == FALSE) ? FALSE : TRUE;
+		$this->active = (bool) $state;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -215,15 +215,14 @@ class CI_Unit_test {
 	 *
 	 * Returns the raw result data
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function result($results = array())
+	public function result($results = array())
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
 		$CI->load->language('unit_test');
 
-		if (count($results) == 0)
+		if (count($results) === 0)
 		{
 			$results = $this->results;
 		}
@@ -273,11 +272,10 @@ class CI_Unit_test {
 	 *
 	 * This lets us set the template to be used to display results
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_template($template)
+	public function set_template($template)
 	{
 		$this->_template = $template;
 	}
@@ -289,19 +287,17 @@ class CI_Unit_test {
 	 *
 	 * This lets us show file names and line numbers
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
-	function _backtrace()
+	protected function _backtrace()
 	{
 		if (function_exists('debug_backtrace'))
 		{
 			$back = debug_backtrace();
-
-			$file = ( ! isset($back['1']['file'])) ? '' : $back['1']['file'];
-			$line = ( ! isset($back['1']['line'])) ? '' : $back['1']['line'];
-
-			return array('file' => $file, 'line' => $line);
+			return array(
+					'file' => (isset($back[1]['file']) ? $back[1]['file'] : ''),
+					'line' => (isset($back[1]['line']) ? $back[1]['line'] : '')
+				);
 		}
 		return array('file' => 'Unknown', 'line' => 'Unknown');
 	}
@@ -311,19 +307,14 @@ class CI_Unit_test {
 	/**
 	 * Get Default Template
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _default_template()
+	protected function _default_template()
 	{
-		$this->_template = "\n".'<table style="width:100%; font-size:small; margin:10px 0; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #CCC;">';
-		$this->_template .= '{rows}';
-		$this->_template .= "\n".'</table>';
-
-		$this->_template_rows = "\n\t".'<tr>';
-		$this->_template_rows .= "\n\t\t".'<th style="text-align: left; border-bottom:1px solid #CCC;">{item}</th>';
-		$this->_template_rows .= "\n\t\t".'<td style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCC;">{result}</td>';
-		$this->_template_rows .= "\n\t".'</tr>';
+		$this->_template = "\n".'<table style="width:100%; font-size:small; margin:10px 0; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #CCC;">{rows}'."\n".'</table>';
+
+		$this->_template_rows = "\n\t<tr>\n\t\t".'<th style="text-align: left; border-bottom:1px solid #CCC;">{item}</th>'
+					. "\n\t\t".'<td style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCC;">{result}</td>'."\n\t</tr>";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -333,30 +324,23 @@ class CI_Unit_test {
 	 *
 	 * Harvests the data within the template {pseudo-variables}
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _parse_template()
+	protected function _parse_template()
 	{
 		if ( ! is_null($this->_template_rows))
 		{
 			return;
 		}
 
-		if (is_null($this->_template))
+		if (is_null($this->_template) OR ! preg_match("/\{rows\}(.*?)\{\/rows\}/si", $this->_template, $match))
 		{
 			$this->_default_template();
 			return;
 		}
 
-		if ( ! preg_match("/\{rows\}(.*?)\{\/rows\}/si", $this->_template, $match))
-		{
-			$this->_default_template();
-			return;
-		}
-
-		$this->_template_rows = $match['1'];
-		$this->_template = str_replace($match['0'], '{rows}', $this->_template);
+		$this->_template_rows = $match[1];
+		$this->_template = str_replace($match[0], '{rows}', $this->_template);
 	}
 
 }
@@ -365,8 +349,6 @@ class CI_Unit_test {
 /**
  * Helper functions to test boolean true/false
  *
- *
- * @access	private
  * @return	bool
  */
 function is_true($test)
diff --git a/system/libraries/Upload.php b/system/libraries/Upload.php
index 045283f96..0c63886e7 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Upload.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Upload.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -21,7 +33,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Uploads
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/file_uploading.html
  */
 class CI_Upload {
@@ -922,13 +934,7 @@ class CI_Upload {
 	 */
 	public function display_errors($open = '<p>', $close = '</p>')
 	{
-		$str = '';
-		foreach ($this->error_msg as $val)
-		{
-			$str .= $open.$val.$close;
-		}
-
-		return $str;
+		return (count($this->error_msg) > 0) ? $open . implode($close . $open, $this->error_msg) . $close : '';
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1021,7 +1027,7 @@ class CI_Upload {
 	protected function _file_mime_type($file)
 	{
 		// Use if the Fileinfo extension, if available (only versions above 5.3 support the FILEINFO_MIME_TYPE flag)
-		if (is_php('5.3') && function_exists('finfo_file'))
+		if ( (float) substr(phpversion(), 0, 3) >= 5.3 && function_exists('finfo_file'))
 		{
 			$finfo = new finfo(FILEINFO_MIME_TYPE);
 			if ($finfo !== FALSE) // This is possible, if there is no magic MIME database file found on the system
diff --git a/system/libraries/User_agent.php b/system/libraries/User_agent.php
index 2cdaf509d..cd644c00d 100644
--- a/system/libraries/User_agent.php
+++ b/system/libraries/User_agent.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -23,37 +35,36 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	User Agent
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/user_agent.html
  */
 class CI_User_agent {
 
-	var $agent		= NULL;
+	public $agent		= NULL;
 
-	var $is_browser	= FALSE;
-	var $is_robot	= FALSE;
-	var $is_mobile	= FALSE;
+	public $is_browser	= FALSE;
+	public $is_robot	= FALSE;
+	public $is_mobile	= FALSE;
 
-	var $languages	= array();
-	var $charsets	= array();
+	public $languages	= array();
+	public $charsets	= array();
 
-	var $platforms	= array();
-	var $browsers	= array();
-	var $mobiles	= array();
-	var $robots		= array();
+	public $platforms	= array();
+	public $browsers	= array();
+	public $mobiles		= array();
+	public $robots		= array();
 
-	var $platform	= '';
-	var $browser	= '';
-	var $version	= '';
-	var $mobile		= '';
-	var $robot		= '';
+	public $platform	= '';
+	public $browser		= '';
+	public $version		= '';
+	public $mobile		= '';
+	public $robot		= '';
 
 	/**
 	 * Constructor
 	 *
 	 * Sets the User Agent and runs the compilation routine
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
 	public function __construct()
@@ -79,10 +90,9 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Compile the User Agent Data
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	private function _load_agent_file()
+	protected function _load_agent_file()
 	{
 		if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND is_file(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/user_agents.php'))
 		{
@@ -135,10 +145,9 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Compile the User Agent Data
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	private function _compile_data()
+	protected function _compile_data()
 	{
 		$this->_set_platform();
 
@@ -156,10 +165,9 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Set the Platform
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	private function _set_platform()
+	protected function _set_platform()
 	{
 		if (is_array($this->platforms) AND count($this->platforms) > 0)
 		{
@@ -180,10 +188,9 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Set the Browser
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	private function _set_browser()
+	protected function _set_browser()
 	{
 		if (is_array($this->browsers) AND count($this->browsers) > 0)
 		{
@@ -207,10 +214,9 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Set the Robot
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	private function _set_robot()
+	protected function _set_robot()
 	{
 		if (is_array($this->robots) AND count($this->robots) > 0)
 		{
@@ -232,10 +238,9 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Set the Mobile Device
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
-	private function _set_mobile()
+	protected function _set_mobile()
 	{
 		if (is_array($this->mobiles) AND count($this->mobiles) > 0)
 		{
@@ -257,19 +262,16 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Set the accepted languages
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	private function _set_languages()
+	protected function _set_languages()
 	{
-		if ((count($this->languages) == 0) AND isset($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE']) AND $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'] != '')
+		if ((count($this->languages) === 0) AND isset($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE']) AND $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'] != '')
 		{
-			$languages = preg_replace('/(;q=[0-9\.]+)/i', '', strtolower(trim($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'])));
-
-			$this->languages = explode(',', $languages);
+			$this->languages = explode(',', preg_replace('/(;q=[0-9\.]+)/i', '', strtolower(trim($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE']))));
 		}
 
-		if (count($this->languages) == 0)
+		if (count($this->languages) === 0)
 		{
 			$this->languages = array('Undefined');
 		}
@@ -280,19 +282,16 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Set the accepted character sets
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	private function _set_charsets()
+	protected function _set_charsets()
 	{
-		if ((count($this->charsets) == 0) AND isset($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET']) AND $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET'] != '')
+		if ((count($this->charsets) === 0) AND isset($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET']) AND $_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET'] != '')
 		{
-			$charsets = preg_replace('/(;q=.+)/i', '', strtolower(trim($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET'])));
-
-			$this->charsets = explode(',', $charsets);
+			$this->charsets = explode(',', preg_replace('/(;q=.+)/i', '', strtolower(trim($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET']))));
 		}
 
-		if (count($this->charsets) == 0)
+		if (count($this->charsets) === 0)
 		{
 			$this->charsets = array('Undefined');
 		}
@@ -303,7 +302,6 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Is Browser
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function is_browser($key = NULL)
@@ -328,7 +326,6 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Is Robot
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function is_robot($key = NULL)
@@ -353,7 +350,6 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Is Mobile
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function is_mobile($key = NULL)
@@ -378,16 +374,11 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Is this a referral from another site?
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function is_referral()
 	{
-		if ( ! isset($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']) OR $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] == '')
-		{
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-		return TRUE;
+		return ( ! isset($_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']) OR $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'] == '') ? FALSE : TRUE;
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -395,7 +386,6 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Agent String
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function agent_string()
@@ -408,7 +398,6 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Get Platform
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function platform()
@@ -421,7 +410,6 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Get Browser Name
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function browser()
@@ -434,7 +422,6 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Get the Browser Version
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function version()
@@ -447,7 +434,6 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Get The Robot Name
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function robot()
@@ -459,7 +445,6 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Get the Mobile Device
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
 	public function mobile()
@@ -472,7 +457,6 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Get the referrer
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function referrer()
@@ -485,12 +469,11 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Get the accepted languages
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	public function languages()
 	{
-		if (count($this->languages) == 0)
+		if (count($this->languages) === 0)
 		{
 			$this->_set_languages();
 		}
@@ -503,12 +486,11 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Get the accepted Character Sets
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	array
 	 */
 	public function charsets()
 	{
-		if (count($this->charsets) == 0)
+		if (count($this->charsets) === 0)
 		{
 			$this->_set_charsets();
 		}
@@ -521,7 +503,6 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Test for a particular language
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function accept_lang($lang = 'en')
@@ -534,7 +515,6 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 	/**
 	 * Test for a particular character set
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	bool
 	 */
 	public function accept_charset($charset = 'utf-8')
@@ -544,6 +524,5 @@ class CI_User_agent {
 
 }
 
-
 /* End of file User_agent.php */
 /* Location: ./system/libraries/User_agent.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php b/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php
index 5da6ea6ae..730a0fc49 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -27,43 +39,43 @@ if ( ! function_exists('xml_parser_create'))
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	XML-RPC
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html
  */
 class CI_Xmlrpc {
 
-	var $debug			= FALSE;	// Debugging on or off
-	var $xmlrpcI4		= 'i4';
-	var $xmlrpcInt		= 'int';
-	var $xmlrpcBoolean	= 'boolean';
-	var $xmlrpcDouble	= 'double';
-	var $xmlrpcString	= 'string';
-	var $xmlrpcDateTime	= 'dateTime.iso8601';
-	var $xmlrpcBase64	= 'base64';
-	var $xmlrpcArray	= 'array';
-	var $xmlrpcStruct	= 'struct';
-
-	var $xmlrpcTypes	= array();
-	var $valid_parents	= array();
-	var $xmlrpcerr		= array();	// Response numbers
-	var $xmlrpcstr		= array();  // Response strings
-
-	var $xmlrpc_defencoding = 'UTF-8';
-	var $xmlrpcName			= 'XML-RPC for CodeIgniter';
-	var $xmlrpcVersion		= '1.1';
-	var $xmlrpcerruser		= 800; // Start of user errors
-	var $xmlrpcerrxml		= 100; // Start of XML Parse errors
-	var $xmlrpc_backslash	= ''; // formulate backslashes for escaping regexp
-
-	var $client;
-	var $method;
-	var $data;
-	var $message			= '';
-	var $error				= '';		// Error string for request
-	var $result;
-	var $response			= array();  // Response from remote server
-
-	var $xss_clean			= TRUE;
+	public $debug		= FALSE;	// Debugging on or off
+	public $xmlrpcI4	= 'i4';
+	public $xmlrpcInt	= 'int';
+	public $xmlrpcBoolean	= 'boolean';
+	public $xmlrpcDouble	= 'double';
+	public $xmlrpcString	= 'string';
+	public $xmlrpcDateTime	= 'dateTime.iso8601';
+	public $xmlrpcBase64	= 'base64';
+	public $xmlrpcArray	= 'array';
+	public $xmlrpcStruct	= 'struct';
+
+	public $xmlrpcTypes	= array();
+	public $valid_parents	= array();
+	public $xmlrpcerr		= array(); // Response numbers
+	public $xmlrpcstr		= array(); // Response strings
+
+	public $xmlrpc_defencoding	= 'UTF-8';
+	public $xmlrpcName		= 'XML-RPC for CodeIgniter';
+	public $xmlrpcVersion		= '1.1';
+	public $xmlrpcerruser		= 800; // Start of user errors
+	public $xmlrpcerrxml		= 100; // Start of XML Parse errors
+	public $xmlrpc_backslash	= ''; // formulate backslashes for escaping regexp
+
+	public $client;
+	public $method;
+	public $data;
+	public $message			= '';
+	public $error			= '';	// Error string for request
+	public $result;
+	public $response		= array();  // Response from remote server
+
+	public $xss_clean		= TRUE;
 
 	//-------------------------------------
 	//  VALUES THAT MULTIPLE CLASSES NEED
@@ -71,7 +83,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 
 	public function __construct($config = array())
 	{
-		$this->xmlrpcName		= $this->xmlrpcName;
+		$this->xmlrpcName	= $this->xmlrpcName;
 		$this->xmlrpc_backslash = chr(92).chr(92);
 
 		// Types for info sent back and forth
@@ -89,23 +101,23 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 
 		// Array of Valid Parents for Various XML-RPC elements
 		$this->valid_parents = array('BOOLEAN'			=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'I4'				=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'INT'				=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'STRING'			=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'DOUBLE'			=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'DATETIME.ISO8601'	=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'BASE64'			=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'ARRAY'			=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'STRUCT'			=> array('VALUE'),
-									 'PARAM'			=> array('PARAMS'),
-									 'METHODNAME'		=> array('METHODCALL'),
-									 'PARAMS'			=> array('METHODCALL', 'METHODRESPONSE'),
-									 'MEMBER'			=> array('STRUCT'),
-									 'NAME'				=> array('MEMBER'),
-									 'DATA'				=> array('ARRAY'),
-									 'FAULT'			=> array('METHODRESPONSE'),
-									 'VALUE'			=> array('MEMBER', 'DATA', 'PARAM', 'FAULT')
-									 );
+						'I4'				=> array('VALUE'),
+						'INT'				=> array('VALUE'),
+						'STRING'			=> array('VALUE'),
+						'DOUBLE'			=> array('VALUE'),
+						'DATETIME.ISO8601'	=> array('VALUE'),
+						'BASE64'			=> array('VALUE'),
+						'ARRAY'			=> array('VALUE'),
+						'STRUCT'			=> array('VALUE'),
+						'PARAM'			=> array('PARAMS'),
+						'METHODNAME'		=> array('METHODCALL'),
+						'PARAMS'			=> array('METHODCALL', 'METHODRESPONSE'),
+						'MEMBER'			=> array('STRUCT'),
+						'NAME'				=> array('MEMBER'),
+						'DATA'				=> array('ARRAY'),
+						'FAULT'			=> array('METHODRESPONSE'),
+						'VALUE'			=> array('MEMBER', 'DATA', 'PARAM', 'FAULT')
+					 );
 
 
 		// XML-RPC Responses
@@ -116,7 +128,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 		$this->xmlrpcerr['incorrect_params'] = '3';
 		$this->xmlrpcstr['incorrect_params'] = 'Incorrect parameters were passed to method';
 		$this->xmlrpcerr['introspect_unknown'] = '4';
-		$this->xmlrpcstr['introspect_unknown'] = "Cannot inspect signature for request: method unknown";
+		$this->xmlrpcstr['introspect_unknown'] = 'Cannot inspect signature for request: method unknown';
 		$this->xmlrpcerr['http_error'] = '5';
 		$this->xmlrpcstr['http_error'] = "Did not receive a '200 OK' response from remote server.";
 		$this->xmlrpcerr['no_data'] = '6';
@@ -132,7 +144,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Initialize Prefs
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function initialize($config = array())
+	public function initialize($config = array())
 	{
 		if (count($config) > 0)
 		{
@@ -151,9 +163,9 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Take URL and parse it
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function server($url, $port=80)
+	public function server($url, $port=80)
 	{
-		if (substr($url, 0, 4) != "http")
+		if (strpos($url, 'http') !== 0)
 		{
 			$url = "http://".$url;
 		}
@@ -175,7 +187,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Set Timeout
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function timeout($seconds=5)
+	public function timeout($seconds = 5)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_null($this->client) && is_int($seconds))
 		{
@@ -188,7 +200,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Set Methods
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function method($function)
+	public function method($function)
 	{
 		$this->method = $function;
 	}
@@ -198,7 +210,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Take Array of Data and Create Objects
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function request($incoming)
+	public function request($incoming)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($incoming))
 		{
@@ -219,42 +231,34 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Set Debug
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function set_debug($flag = TRUE)
+	public function set_debug($flag = TRUE)
 	{
-		$this->debug = ($flag == TRUE) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		$this->debug = ($flag == TRUE);
 	}
 
 	//-------------------------------------
 	//  Values Parsing
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function values_parsing($value, $return = FALSE)
+	public function values_parsing($value, $return = FALSE)
 	{
 		if (is_array($value) && array_key_exists(0, $value))
 		{
-			if ( ! isset($value['1']) OR ( ! isset($this->xmlrpcTypes[$value['1']])))
+			if ( ! isset($value[1]) OR ( ! isset($this->xmlrpcTypes[$value[1]])))
 			{
-				if (is_array($value[0]))
-				{
-					$temp = new XML_RPC_Values($value['0'], 'array');
-				}
-				else
-				{
-					$temp = new XML_RPC_Values($value['0'], 'string');
-				}
+				$temp = new XML_RPC_Values($value[0], (is_array($value[0]) ? 'array' : 'string'));
 			}
-			elseif (is_array($value['0']) && ($value['1'] == 'struct' OR $value['1'] == 'array'))
+			else
 			{
-				while (list($k) = each($value['0']))
+				if (is_array($value[0]) && ($value[1] == 'struct' OR $value[1] == 'array'))
 				{
-					$value['0'][$k] = $this->values_parsing($value['0'][$k], TRUE);
+					while (list($k) = each($value[0]))
+					{
+						$value[0][$k] = $this->values_parsing($value[0][$k], TRUE);
+					}
 				}
 
-				$temp = new XML_RPC_Values($value['0'], $value['1']);
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				$temp = new XML_RPC_Values($value['0'], $value['1']);
+				$temp = new XML_RPC_Values($value[0], $value[1]);
 			}
 		}
 		else
@@ -271,24 +275,18 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Sends XML-RPC Request
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function send_request()
+	public function send_request()
 	{
 		$this->message = new XML_RPC_Message($this->method,$this->data);
 		$this->message->debug = $this->debug;
 
-		if ( ! $this->result = $this->client->send($this->message))
-		{
-			$this->error = $this->result->errstr;
-			return FALSE;
-		}
-		elseif ( ! is_object($this->result->val))
+		if ( ! $this->result = $this->client->send($this->message) OR ! is_object($this->result->val))
 		{
 			$this->error = $this->result->errstr;
 			return FALSE;
 		}
 
 		$this->response = $this->result->decode();
-
 		return TRUE;
 	}
 	// END
@@ -297,7 +295,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Returns Error
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function display_error()
+	public function display_error()
 	{
 		return $this->error;
 	}
@@ -307,7 +305,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Returns Remote Server Response
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function display_response()
+	public function display_response()
 	{
 		return $this->response;
 	}
@@ -317,9 +315,9 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Sends an Error Message for Server Request
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function send_error_message($number, $message)
+	public function send_error_message($number, $message)
 	{
-		return new XML_RPC_Response('0',$number, $message);
+		return new XML_RPC_Response(0, $number, $message);
 	}
 	// END
 
@@ -328,14 +326,11 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
 	//  Send Response for Server Request
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function send_response($response)
+	public function send_response($response)
 	{
 		// $response should be array of values, which will be parsed
 		// based on their data and type into a valid group of XML-RPC values
-
-		$response = $this->values_parsing($response);
-
-		return new XML_RPC_Response($response);
+		return new XML_RPC_Response($this->values_parsing($response));
 	}
 	// END
 
@@ -347,18 +342,18 @@ class CI_Xmlrpc {
  * XML-RPC Client class
  *
  * @category	XML-RPC
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html
  */
 class XML_RPC_Client extends CI_Xmlrpc
 {
-	var $path			= '';
-	var $server			= '';
-	var $port			= 80;
-	var $errno			= '';
-	var $errstring		= '';
-	var $timeout		= 5;
-	var $no_multicall	= FALSE;
+	public $path			= '';
+	public $server			= '';
+	public $port			= 80;
+	public $errno			= '';
+	public $errstring		= '';
+	public $timeout		= 5;
+	public $no_multicall	= FALSE;
 
 	public function __construct($path, $server, $port=80)
 	{
@@ -369,7 +364,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Client extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		$this->path = $path;
 	}
 
-	function send($msg)
+	public function send($msg)
 	{
 		if (is_array($msg))
 		{
@@ -381,7 +376,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Client extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		return $this->sendPayload($msg);
 	}
 
-	function sendPayload($msg)
+	public function sendPayload($msg)
 	{
 		$fp = @fsockopen($this->server, $this->port,$this->errno, $this->errstr, $this->timeout);
 
@@ -399,12 +394,12 @@ class XML_RPC_Client extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		}
 
 		$r = "\r\n";
-		$op  = "POST {$this->path} HTTP/1.0$r";
-		$op .= "Host: {$this->server}$r";
-		$op .= "Content-Type: text/xml$r";
-		$op .= "User-Agent: {$this->xmlrpcName}$r";
-		$op .= "Content-Length: ".strlen($msg->payload). "$r$r";
-		$op .= $msg->payload;
+		$op = "POST {$this->path} HTTP/1.0$r"
+			. "Host: {$this->server}$r"
+			. "Content-Type: text/xml$r"
+			. "User-Agent: {$this->xmlrpcName}$r"
+			. "Content-Length: ".strlen($msg->payload)."$r$r"
+			. $msg->payload;
 
 
 		if ( ! fputs($fp, $op, strlen($op)))
@@ -418,23 +413,23 @@ class XML_RPC_Client extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		return $resp;
 	}
 
-} // end class XML_RPC_Client
-
+}
+// end class XML_RPC_Client
 
 /**
  * XML-RPC Response class
  *
  * @category	XML-RPC
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html
  */
 class XML_RPC_Response
 {
-	var $val = 0;
-	var $errno = 0;
-	var $errstr = '';
-	var $headers = array();
-	var $xss_clean = TRUE;
+	public $val = 0;
+	public $errno = 0;
+	public $errstr = '';
+	public $headers = array();
+	public $xss_clean = TRUE;
 
 	public function __construct($val, $code = 0, $fstr = '')
 	{
@@ -442,7 +437,14 @@ class XML_RPC_Response
 		{
 			// error
 			$this->errno = $code;
-			$this->errstr = htmlentities($fstr);
+			if ( ! is_php('5.4'))
+			{
+				$this->errstr = htmlspecialchars($fstr, ENT_NOQUOTES, 'UTF-8');
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				$this->errstr = htmlspecialchars($fstr, ENT_XML1 | ENT_NOQUOTES, 'UTF-8');
+			}
 		}
 		else if ( ! is_object($val))
 		{
@@ -456,27 +458,26 @@ class XML_RPC_Response
 		}
 	}
 
-	function faultCode()
+	public function faultCode()
 	{
 		return $this->errno;
 	}
 
-	function faultString()
+	public function faultString()
 	{
 		return $this->errstr;
 	}
 
-	function value()
+	public function value()
 	{
 		return $this->val;
 	}
 
-	function prepare_response()
+	public function prepare_response()
 	{
-		$result = "<methodResponse>\n";
-		if ($this->errno)
-		{
-			$result .= '<fault>
+		return "<methodResponse>\n"
+			. ($this->errno
+			? '<fault>
 	<value>
 		<struct>
 			<member>
@@ -489,23 +490,16 @@ class XML_RPC_Response
 			</member>
 		</struct>
 	</value>
-</fault>';
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			$result .= "<params>\n<param>\n" .
-					$this->val->serialize_class() .
-					"</param>\n</params>";
-		}
-		$result .= "\n</methodResponse>";
-		return $result;
+</fault>'
+			: "<params>\n<param>\n".$this->val->serialize_class()."</param>\n</params>")
+			. "\n</methodResponse>";
 	}
 
-	function decode($array=FALSE)
+	public function decode($array = FALSE)
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
-		
-		if ($array !== FALSE && is_array($array))
+
+		if (is_array($array))
 		{
 			while (list($key) = each($array))
 			{
@@ -544,7 +538,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Response
 	//  XML-RPC Object to PHP Types
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function xmlrpc_decoder($xmlrpc_val)
+	public function xmlrpc_decoder($xmlrpc_val)
 	{
 		$kind = $xmlrpc_val->kindOf();
 
@@ -555,12 +549,10 @@ class XML_RPC_Response
 		elseif ($kind == 'array')
 		{
 			reset($xmlrpc_val->me);
-			list($a,$b) = each($xmlrpc_val->me);
-			$size = count($b);
-
+			$b = current($xmlrpc_val->me);
 			$arr = array();
 
-			for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++)
+			for ($i = 0, $size = count($b); $i < $size; $i++)
 			{
 				$arr[] = $this->xmlrpc_decoder($xmlrpc_val->me['array'][$i]);
 			}
@@ -584,7 +576,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Response
 	//  ISO-8601 time to server or UTC time
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function iso8601_decode($time, $utc=0)
+	public function iso8601_decode($time, $utc = 0)
 	{
 		// return a timet in the localtime, or UTC
 		$t = 0;
@@ -596,23 +588,22 @@ class XML_RPC_Response
 		return $t;
 	}
 
-} // End Response Class
-
-
+}
+// End Response Class
 
 /**
  * XML-RPC Message class
  *
  * @category	XML-RPC
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html
  */
 class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 {
-	var $payload;
-	var $method_name;
-	var $params			= array();
-	var $xh				= array();
+	public $payload;
+	public $method_name;
+	public $params			= array();
+	public $xh				= array();
 
 	public function __construct($method, $pars=0)
 	{
@@ -621,7 +612,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		$this->method_name = $method;
 		if (is_array($pars) && count($pars) > 0)
 		{
-			for ($i=0; $i<count($pars); $i++)
+			for ($i = 0, $c = count($pars); $i < $c; $i++)
 			{
 				// $pars[$i] = XML_RPC_Values
 				$this->params[] = $pars[$i];
@@ -633,13 +624,13 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	//  Create Payload to Send
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function createPayload()
+	public function createPayload()
 	{
-		$this->payload = "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?".">\r\n<methodCall>\r\n";
-		$this->payload .= '<methodName>' . $this->method_name . "</methodName>\r\n";
-		$this->payload .= "<params>\r\n";
+		$this->payload = "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?".">\r\n<methodCall>\r\n"
+				. '<methodName>'.$this->method_name."</methodName>\r\n"
+				. "<params>\r\n";
 
-		for ($i=0; $i<count($this->params); $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->params); $i < $c; $i++)
 		{
 			// $p = XML_RPC_Values
 			$p = $this->params[$i];
@@ -653,7 +644,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	//  Parse External XML-RPC Server's Response
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function parseResponse($fp)
+	public function parseResponse($fp)
 	{
 		$data = '';
 
@@ -668,16 +659,14 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 
 		if ($this->debug === TRUE)
 		{
-			echo "<pre>";
-			echo "---DATA---\n" . htmlspecialchars($data) . "\n---END DATA---\n\n";
-			echo "</pre>";
+			echo "<pre>---DATA---\n".htmlspecialchars($data)."\n---END DATA---\n\n</pre>";
 		}
 
 		//-------------------------------------
 		//  Check for data
 		//-------------------------------------
 
-		if ($data == "")
+		if ($data === '')
 		{
 			error_log($this->xmlrpcstr['no_data']);
 			$r = new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['no_data'], $this->xmlrpcstr['no_data']);
@@ -689,7 +678,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		//  Check for HTTP 200 Response
 		//-------------------------------------
 
-		if (strncmp($data, 'HTTP', 4) == 0 && ! preg_match('/^HTTP\/[0-9\.]+ 200 /', $data))
+		if (strncmp($data, 'HTTP', 4) === 0 && ! preg_match('/^HTTP\/[0-9\.]+ 200 /', $data))
 		{
 			$errstr= substr($data, 0, strpos($data, "\n")-1);
 			$r = new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['http_error'], $this->xmlrpcstr['http_error']. ' (' . $errstr . ')');
@@ -702,13 +691,14 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 
 		$parser = xml_parser_create($this->xmlrpc_defencoding);
 
-		$this->xh[$parser]					= array();
-		$this->xh[$parser]['isf']			= 0;
-		$this->xh[$parser]['ac']			= '';
-		$this->xh[$parser]['headers']		= array();
-		$this->xh[$parser]['stack']			= array();
-		$this->xh[$parser]['valuestack']	= array();
-		$this->xh[$parser]['isf_reason']	= 0;
+		$this->xh[$parser] = array(
+						'isf' =>	0,
+						'ac' =>		'',
+						'headers' =>	array(),
+						'stack' =>	array(),
+						'valuestack' =>	array(),
+						'isf_reason' =>	0
+					);
 
 		xml_set_object($parser, $this);
 		xml_parser_set_option($parser, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING, true);
@@ -757,9 +747,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		{
 			if ($this->debug === TRUE)
 			{
-				echo "---Invalid Return---\n";
-				echo $this->xh[$parser]['isf_reason'];
-				echo "---Invalid Return---\n\n";
+				echo "---Invalid Return---\n".$this->xh[$parser]['isf_reason']."---Invalid Return---\n\n";
 			}
 
 			$r = new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['invalid_return'],$this->xmlrpcstr['invalid_return'].' '.$this->xh[$parser]['isf_reason']);
@@ -789,9 +777,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 				echo "---END HEADERS---\n\n";
 			}
 
-			echo "---DATA---\n" . htmlspecialchars($data) . "\n---END DATA---\n\n";
-
-			echo "---PARSED---\n" ;
+			echo "---DATA---\n".htmlspecialchars($data)."\n---END DATA---\n\n---PARSED---\n";
 			var_dump($this->xh[$parser]['value']);
 			echo "\n---END PARSED---</pre>";
 		}
@@ -801,7 +787,6 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		//-------------------------------------
 
 		$v = $this->xh[$parser]['value'];
-
 		if ($this->xh[$parser]['isf'])
 		{
 			$errno_v = $v->me['struct']['faultCode'];
@@ -843,7 +828,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	//  Start Element Handler
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function open_tag($the_parser, $name, $attrs)
+	public function open_tag($the_parser, $name, $attrs)
 	{
 		// If invalid nesting, then return
 		if ($this->xh[$the_parser]['isf'] > 1) return;
@@ -945,7 +930,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	//  End Element Handler
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function closing_tag($the_parser, $name)
+	public function closing_tag($the_parser, $name)
 	{
 		if ($this->xh[$the_parser]['isf'] > 1) return;
 
@@ -1089,7 +1074,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	//  Parses Character Data
 	//-------------------------------------
 
-	function character_data($the_parser, $data)
+	public function character_data($the_parser, $data)
 	{
 		if ($this->xh[$the_parser]['isf'] > 1) return; // XML Fault found already
 
@@ -1111,13 +1096,16 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	}
 
 
-	function addParam($par) { $this->params[]=$par; }
+	public function addParam($par)
+	{
+		$this->params[] = $par;
+	}
 
-	function output_parameters($array=FALSE)
+	public function output_parameters($array = FALSE)
 	{
 		$CI =& get_instance();
-		
-		if ($array !== FALSE && is_array($array))
+
+		if (is_array($array))
 		{
 			while (list($key) = each($array))
 			{
@@ -1139,7 +1127,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		{
 			$parameters = array();
 
-			for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->params); $i++)
+			for ($i = 0, $c = count($this->params); $i < $c; $i++)
 			{
 				$a_param = $this->decode_message($this->params[$i]);
 
@@ -1158,7 +1146,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	}
 
 
-	function decode_message($param)
+	public function decode_message($param)
 	{
 		$kind = $param->kindOf();
 
@@ -1169,11 +1157,10 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		elseif ($kind == 'array')
 		{
 			reset($param->me);
-			list($a,$b) = each($param->me);
-
+			$b = current($param->me);
 			$arr = array();
 
-			for($i = 0; $i < count($b); $i++)
+			for($i = 0, $c = count($b); $i < $c; $i++)
 			{
 				$arr[] = $this->decode_message($param->me['array'][$i]);
 			}
@@ -1183,7 +1170,6 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		elseif ($kind == 'struct')
 		{
 			reset($param->me['struct']);
-
 			$arr = array();
 
 			while (list($key,$value) = each($param->me['struct']))
@@ -1195,23 +1181,22 @@ class XML_RPC_Message extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		}
 	}
 
-} // End XML_RPC_Messages class
-
-
+}
+// End XML_RPC_Messages class
 
 /**
  * XML-RPC Values class
  *
  * @category	XML-RPC
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html
  */
 class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 {
-	var $me		= array();
-	var $mytype	= 0;
+	public $me	= array();
+	public $mytype	= 0;
 
-	public function __construct($val=-1, $type='')
+	public function __construct($val = -1, $type = '')
 	{
 		parent::__construct();
 
@@ -1234,7 +1219,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		}
 	}
 
-	function addScalar($val, $type='string')
+	public function addScalar($val, $type = 'string')
 	{
 		$typeof = $this->xmlrpcTypes[$type];
 
@@ -1252,14 +1237,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 
 		if ($type == $this->xmlrpcBoolean)
 		{
-			if (strcasecmp($val,'true')==0 OR $val==1 OR ($val==true && strcasecmp($val,'false')))
-			{
-				$val = 1;
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				$val=0;
-			}
+			$val = (strcasecmp($val,'true') === 0 OR $val == 1 OR ($val == true && strcasecmp($val, 'false'))) ? 1 : 0;
 		}
 
 		if ($this->mytype == 2)
@@ -1278,7 +1256,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-	function addArray($vals)
+	public function addArray($vals)
 	{
 		if ($this->mytype != 0)
 		{
@@ -1291,7 +1269,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-	function addStruct($vals)
+	public function addStruct($vals)
 	{
 		if ($this->mytype != 0)
 		{
@@ -1303,7 +1281,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		return 1;
 	}
 
-	function kindOf()
+	public function kindOf()
 	{
 		switch($this->mytype)
 		{
@@ -1321,7 +1299,7 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		}
 	}
 
-	function serializedata($typ, $val)
+	public function serializedata($typ, $val)
 	{
 		$rs = '';
 
@@ -1333,20 +1311,18 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 				reset($val);
 				while (list($key2, $val2) = each($val))
 				{
-					$rs .= "<member>\n<name>{$key2}</name>\n";
-					$rs .= $this->serializeval($val2);
-					$rs .= "</member>\n";
+					$rs .= "<member>\n<name>{$key2}</name>\n".$this->serializeval($val2)."</member>\n";
 				}
 				$rs .= '</struct>';
 			break;
 			case 2:
 				// array
 				$rs .= "<array>\n<data>\n";
-				for($i=0; $i < count($val); $i++)
+				for($i = 0, $c = count($val); $i < $c; $i++)
 				{
 					$rs .= $this->serializeval($val[$i]);
 				}
-				$rs.="</data>\n</array>\n";
+				$rs .= "</data>\n</array>\n";
 				break;
 			case 1:
 				// others
@@ -1371,26 +1347,24 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		return $rs;
 	}
 
-	function serialize_class()
+	public function serialize_class()
 	{
 		return $this->serializeval($this);
 	}
 
-	function serializeval($o)
+	public function serializeval($o)
 	{
 		$ar = $o->me;
 		reset($ar);
 
 		list($typ, $val) = each($ar);
-		$rs = "<value>\n".$this->serializedata($typ, $val)."</value>\n";
-		return $rs;
+		return "<value>\n".$this->serializedata($typ, $val)."</value>\n";
 	}
 
-	function scalarval()
+	public function scalarval()
 	{
 		reset($this->me);
-		list($a,$b) = each($this->me);
-		return $b;
+		return current($this->me);
 	}
 
 
@@ -1400,24 +1374,13 @@ class XML_RPC_Values extends CI_Xmlrpc
 
 	// Useful for sending time in XML-RPC
 
-	function iso8601_encode($time, $utc=0)
+	public function iso8601_encode($time, $utc = 0)
 	{
-		if ($utc == 1)
-		{
-			$t = strftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S", $time);
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			if (function_exists('gmstrftime'))
-				$t = gmstrftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S", $time);
-			else
-				$t = strftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S", $time - date('Z'));
-		}
-		return $t;
+		return ($utc) ? strftime('%Y%m%dT%H:%i:%s', $time) : gmstrftime('%Y%m%dT%H:%i:%s', $time);
 	}
 
 }
 // END XML_RPC_Values Class
 
 /* End of file Xmlrpc.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Xmlrpc.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php b/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
index 9cd332147..355d43f29 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php
@@ -1,13 +1,25 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -31,17 +43,16 @@ if ( ! class_exists('CI_Xmlrpc'))
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	XML-RPC
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html
  */
 class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 {
-	var $methods		= array();	//array of methods mapped to function names and signatures
-	var $debug_msg		= '';		// Debug Message
-	var $system_methods = array();	// XML RPC Server methods
-	var $controller_obj;
-
-	var $object			= FALSE;
+	public $methods		= array();	//array of methods mapped to function names and signatures
+	public $debug_msg	= '';		// Debug Message
+	public $system_methods	= array();	// XML RPC Server methods
+	public $controller_obj;
+	public $object		= FALSE;
 
 	/**
 	 * Constructor
@@ -68,7 +79,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function initialize($config=array())
+	public function initialize($config = array())
 	{
 		if (isset($config['functions']) && is_array($config['functions']))
 		{
@@ -99,26 +110,26 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function set_system_methods()
+	public function set_system_methods()
 	{
 		$this->methods = array(
 					'system.listMethods'	 => array(
-													'function' => 'this.listMethods',
-													'signature' => array(array($this->xmlrpcArray, $this->xmlrpcString), array($this->xmlrpcArray)),
-													'docstring' => 'Returns an array of available methods on this server'),
-					'system.methodHelp'		 => array(
-													'function' => 'this.methodHelp',
-													'signature' => array(array($this->xmlrpcString, $this->xmlrpcString)),
-													'docstring' => 'Returns a documentation string for the specified method'),
+										'function' => 'this.listMethods',
+										'signature' => array(array($this->xmlrpcArray, $this->xmlrpcString), array($this->xmlrpcArray)),
+										'docstring' => 'Returns an array of available methods on this server'),
+					'system.methodHelp'	 => array(
+										'function' => 'this.methodHelp',
+										'signature' => array(array($this->xmlrpcString, $this->xmlrpcString)),
+										'docstring' => 'Returns a documentation string for the specified method'),
 					'system.methodSignature' => array(
-													'function' => 'this.methodSignature',
-													'signature' => array(array($this->xmlrpcArray, $this->xmlrpcString)),
-													'docstring' => 'Returns an array describing the return type and required parameters of a method'),
-					'system.multicall'		 => array(
-												'function' => 'this.multicall',
-												'signature' => array(array($this->xmlrpcArray, $this->xmlrpcArray)),
-												'docstring' => 'Combine multiple RPC calls in one request. See http://www.xmlrpc.com/discuss/msgReader$1208 for details')
-					);
+										'function' => 'this.methodSignature',
+										'signature' => array(array($this->xmlrpcArray, $this->xmlrpcString)),
+										'docstring' => 'Returns an array describing the return type and required parameters of a method'),
+					'system.multicall'	 => array(
+										'function' => 'this.multicall',
+										'signature' => array(array($this->xmlrpcArray, $this->xmlrpcArray)),
+										'docstring' => 'Combine multiple RPC calls in one request. See http://www.xmlrpc.com/discuss/msgReader$1208 for details')
+				);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -129,12 +140,10 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function serve()
+	public function serve()
 	{
 		$r = $this->parseRequest();
-		$payload  = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="'.$this->xmlrpc_defencoding.'"?'.'>'."\n";
-		$payload .= $this->debug_msg;
-		$payload .= $r->prepare_response();
+		$payload = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="'.$this->xmlrpc_defencoding.'"?'.'>'."\n".$this->debug_msg.$r->prepare_response();
 
 		header("Content-Type: text/xml");
 		header("Content-Length: ".strlen($payload));
@@ -153,7 +162,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	 * @param	string	docstring
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function add_to_map($methodname, $function, $sig, $doc)
+	public function add_to_map($methodname, $function, $sig, $doc)
 	{
 		$this->methods[$methodname] = array(
 			'function'  => $function,
@@ -171,7 +180,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	 * @param	string	data
 	 * @return	object	xmlrpc response
 	 */
-	function parseRequest($data='')
+	public function parseRequest($data = '')
 	{
 		global $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA;
 
@@ -191,13 +200,14 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		$parser = xml_parser_create($this->xmlrpc_defencoding);
 		$parser_object = new XML_RPC_Message("filler");
 
-		$parser_object->xh[$parser]					= array();
-		$parser_object->xh[$parser]['isf']			= 0;
-		$parser_object->xh[$parser]['isf_reason']	= '';
-		$parser_object->xh[$parser]['params']		= array();
-		$parser_object->xh[$parser]['stack']		= array();
-		$parser_object->xh[$parser]['valuestack']	= array();
-		$parser_object->xh[$parser]['method']		= '';
+		$parser_object->xh[$parser] = array(
+							'isf' =>	0,
+							'isf_reason' =>	'',
+							'params' =>	array(),
+							'stack' =>	array(),
+							'valuestack' =>	array(),
+							'method' =>	''
+						);
 
 		xml_set_object($parser, $parser_object);
 		xml_parser_set_option($parser, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING, true);
@@ -231,7 +241,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 			$m = new XML_RPC_Message($parser_object->xh[$parser]['method']);
 			$plist='';
 
-			for ($i=0; $i < count($parser_object->xh[$parser]['params']); $i++)
+			for ($i = 0, $c = count($parser_object->xh[$parser]['params']); $i < $c; $i++)
 			{
 				if ($this->debug === TRUE)
 				{
@@ -243,9 +253,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 
 			if ($this->debug === TRUE)
 			{
-				echo "<pre>";
-				echo "---PLIST---\n" . $plist . "\n---PLIST END---\n\n";
-				echo "</pre>";
+				echo "<pre>---PLIST---\n".$plist."\n---PLIST END---\n\n</pre>";
 			}
 
 			$r = $this->_execute($m);
@@ -272,12 +280,12 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	 * @param	object
 	 * @return	mixed
 	 */
-	function _execute($m)
+	protected function _execute($m)
 	{
 		$methName = $m->method_name;
 
 		// Check to see if it is a system call
-		$system_call = (strncmp($methName, 'system', 5) == 0) ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		$system_call = (strncmp($methName, 'system', 5) === 0);
 
 		if ($this->xss_clean == FALSE)
 		{
@@ -298,22 +306,20 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		//-------------------------------------
 
 		$method_parts = explode(".", $this->methods[$methName]['function']);
-		$objectCall = (isset($method_parts['1']) && $method_parts['1'] != "") ? TRUE : FALSE;
+		$objectCall = (isset($method_parts[1]) && $method_parts[1] != '');
 
 		if ($system_call === TRUE)
 		{
-			if ( ! is_callable(array($this,$method_parts['1'])))
+			if ( ! is_callable(array($this,$method_parts[1])))
 			{
 				return new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['unknown_method'], $this->xmlrpcstr['unknown_method']);
 			}
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			if ($objectCall && ! is_callable(array($method_parts['0'],$method_parts['1'])))
-			{
-				return new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['unknown_method'], $this->xmlrpcstr['unknown_method']);
-			}
-			elseif ( ! $objectCall && ! is_callable($this->methods[$methName]['function']))
+			if (($objectCall AND ! is_callable(array($method_parts[0], $method_parts[1])))
+				OR ( ! $objectCall AND ! is_callable($this->methods[$methName]['function']))
+			)
 			{
 				return new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['unknown_method'], $this->xmlrpcstr['unknown_method']);
 			}
@@ -326,13 +332,13 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		if (isset($this->methods[$methName]['signature']))
 		{
 			$sig = $this->methods[$methName]['signature'];
-			for ($i=0; $i<count($sig); $i++)
+			for ($i = 0, $c = count($sig); $i < $c; $i++)
 			{
 				$current_sig = $sig[$i];
 
-				if (count($current_sig) == count($m->params)+1)
+				if (count($current_sig) === count($m->params)+1)
 				{
-					for ($n=0; $n < count($m->params); $n++)
+					for ($n = 0, $mc = count($m->params); $n < $mc; $n++)
 					{
 						$p = $m->params[$n];
 						$pt = ($p->kindOf() == 'scalar') ? $p->scalarval() : $p->kindOf();
@@ -358,7 +364,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 
 		if ($objectCall === TRUE)
 		{
-			if ($method_parts[0] == "this" && $system_call == TRUE)
+			if ($method_parts[0] === 'this' && $system_call === TRUE)
 			{
 				return call_user_func(array($this, $method_parts[1]), $m);
 			}
@@ -367,11 +373,11 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 				if ($this->object === FALSE)
 				{
 					$CI =& get_instance();
-					return $CI->$method_parts['1']($m);
+					return $CI->$method_parts[1]($m);
 				}
 				else
 				{
-					return $this->object->$method_parts['1']($m);
+					return $this->object->$method_parts[1]($m);
 					//return call_user_func(array(&$method_parts['0'],$method_parts['1']), $m);
 				}
 			}
@@ -381,7 +387,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 			return call_user_func($this->methods[$methName]['function'], $m);
 		}
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -391,7 +397,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function listMethods($m)
+	public function listMethods($m)
 	{
 		$v = new XML_RPC_Values();
 		$output = array();
@@ -409,7 +415,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 		$v->addArray($output);
 		return new XML_RPC_Response($v);
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -419,7 +425,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function methodSignature($m)
+	public function methodSignature($m)
 	{
 		$parameters = $m->output_parameters();
 		$method_name = $parameters[0];
@@ -431,15 +437,15 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 				$sigs = array();
 				$signature = $this->methods[$method_name]['signature'];
 
-				for ($i=0; $i < count($signature); $i++)
+				for ($i = 0, $c = count($signature); $i < $c; $i++)
 				{
 					$cursig = array();
 					$inSig = $signature[$i];
-					for ($j=0; $j<count($inSig); $j++)
+					for ($j = 0, $jc = count($inSig); $j < $jc; $j++)
 					{
 						$cursig[]= new XML_RPC_Values($inSig[$j], 'string');
 					}
-					$sigs[]= new XML_RPC_Values($cursig, 'array');
+					$sigs[] = new XML_RPC_Values($cursig, 'array');
 				}
 				$r = new XML_RPC_Response(new XML_RPC_Values($sigs, 'array'));
 			}
@@ -464,7 +470,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function methodHelp($m)
+	public function methodHelp($m)
 	{
 		$parameters = $m->output_parameters();
 		$method_name = $parameters[0];
@@ -480,7 +486,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 			return new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['introspect_unknown'], $this->xmlrpcstr['introspect_unknown']);
 		}
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -490,7 +496,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function multicall($m)
+	public function multicall($m)
 	{
 		// Disabled
 		return new XML_RPC_Response(0, $this->xmlrpcerr['unknown_method'], $this->xmlrpcstr['unknown_method']);
@@ -507,7 +513,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 			$m = new XML_RPC_Message($value[0]);
 			$plist='';
 
-			for ($i=0; $i < count($value[1]); $i++)
+			for ($i = 0, $c = count($value[1]); $i < $c; $i++)
 			{
 				$m->addParam(new XML_RPC_Values($value[1][$i], 'string'));
 			}
@@ -534,7 +540,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function multicall_error($err)
+	public function multicall_error($err)
 	{
 		$str  = is_string($err) ? $this->xmlrpcstr["multicall_${err}"] : $err->faultString();
 		$code = is_string($err) ? $this->xmlrpcerr["multicall_${err}"] : $err->faultCode();
@@ -554,7 +560,7 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 	 * @param	mixed
 	 * @return	object
 	 */
-	function do_multicall($call)
+	public function do_multicall($call)
 	{
 		if ($call->kindOf() != 'struct')
 		{
@@ -585,11 +591,10 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 			return $this->multicall_error('notarray');
 		}
 
-		list($a,$b)=each($params->me);
-		$numParams = count($b);
+		list($a,$b) = each($params->me);
 
 		$msg = new XML_RPC_Message($scalar_value);
-		for ($i = 0; $i < $numParams; $i++)
+		for ($i = 0, $numParams = count($b); $i < $numParams; $i++)
 		{
 			$msg->params[] = $params->me['array'][$i];
 		}
@@ -607,6 +612,5 @@ class CI_Xmlrpcs extends CI_Xmlrpc
 }
 // END XML_RPC_Server class
 
-
 /* End of file Xmlrpcs.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Xmlrpcs.php */
diff --git a/system/libraries/Zip.php b/system/libraries/Zip.php
index 666327d5c..50e84920e 100644
--- a/system/libraries/Zip.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Zip.php
@@ -4,10 +4,22 @@
  *
  * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
  *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ * 
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
+ *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
@@ -27,7 +39,7 @@
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
  * @category	Encryption
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
  * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/zip.html
  */
 class CI_Zip  {
@@ -87,9 +99,9 @@ class CI_Zip  {
 	 */
 	function _get_mod_time($dir)
 	{
-		// filemtime() will return false, but it does raise an error.
-		$date = (@filemtime($dir)) ? filemtime($dir) : getdate($this->now);
-
+		// filemtime() may return false, but raises an error for non-existing files
+		$date = (file_exists($dir)) ? filemtime($dir): getdate($this->now);
+		
 		$time['file_mtime'] = ($date['hours'] << 11) + ($date['minutes'] << 5) + $date['seconds'] / 2;
 		$time['file_mdate'] = (($date['year'] - 1980) << 9) + ($date['mon'] << 5) + $date['mday'];
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/javascript/Jquery.php b/system/libraries/javascript/Jquery.php
index baab83d25..03574c66e 100644
--- a/system/libraries/javascript/Jquery.php
+++ b/system/libraries/javascript/Jquery.php
@@ -1,102 +1,112 @@
-<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
-
+<?php if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');
 /**
  * CodeIgniter
  *
- * An open source application development framework for PHP 4.3.2 or newer
+ * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer
+ *
+ * NOTICE OF LICENSE
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Open Software License version 3.0
+ *
+ * This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0) that is
+ * bundled with this package in the files license.txt / license.rst.  It is
+ * also available through the world wide web at this URL:
+ * http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0
+ * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it
+ * through the world wide web, please send an email to
+ * licensing@ellislab.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
- * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2011, EllisLab, Inc.
- * @license		http://www.codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html
- * @link		http://www.codeigniter.com
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2012, EllisLab, Inc. (http://ellislab.com/)
+ * @license		http://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0 Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
+ * @link		http://codeigniter.com
  * @since		Version 1.0
  * @filesource
  */
 
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 /**
  * Jquery Class
  *
  * @package		CodeIgniter
  * @subpackage	Libraries
- * @author		ExpressionEngine Dev Team
  * @category	Loader
- * @link		http://www.codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/javascript.html
+ * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
+ * @link		http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/libraries/javascript.html
  */
- 
+
 class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 
-	var $_javascript_folder = 'js';
-	var $jquery_code_for_load = array();
-	var $jquery_code_for_compile = array();
-	var $jquery_corner_active = FALSE;
-	var $jquery_table_sorter_active = FALSE;
-	var $jquery_table_sorter_pager_active = FALSE;
-	var $jquery_ajax_img = '';
+	protected $_javascript_folder = 'js';
+	public $jquery_code_for_load = array();
+	public $jquery_code_for_compile = array();
+	public $jquery_corner_active = FALSE;
+	public $jquery_table_sorter_active = FALSE;
+	public $jquery_table_sorter_pager_active = FALSE;
+	public $jquery_ajax_img = '';
 
 	public function __construct($params)
 	{
-		$this->CI =& get_instance();	
+		$this->CI =& get_instance();
 		extract($params);
 
 		if ($autoload === TRUE)
 		{
-			$this->script();			
+			$this->script();
 		}
-		
+
 		log_message('debug', "Jquery Class Initialized");
 	}
-	
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------	 
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Event Code
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------	
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
 	 * Blur
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery blur event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _blur($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	protected function _blur($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->_add_event($element, $js, 'blur');
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Change
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery change event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _change($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	protected function _change($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->_add_event($element, $js, 'change');
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Click
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery click event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @param	boolean	whether or not to return false
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _click($element = 'this', $js = '', $ret_false = TRUE)
+	protected function _click($element = 'this', $js = '', $ret_false = TRUE)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($js))
 		{
@@ -112,70 +122,66 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Double Click
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery dblclick event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _dblclick($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	protected function _dblclick($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->_add_event($element, $js, 'dblclick');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Error
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery error event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _error($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	protected function _error($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->_add_event($element, $js, 'error');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Focus
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery focus event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _focus($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	protected function _focus($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->_add_event($element, $js, 'focus');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Hover
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery hover event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript code for mouse over
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript code for mouse out
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _hover($element = 'this', $over, $out)
+	protected function _hover($element = 'this', $over, $out)
 	{
 		$event = "\n\t$(" . $this->_prep_element($element) . ").hover(\n\t\tfunction()\n\t\t{\n\t\t\t{$over}\n\t\t}, \n\t\tfunction()\n\t\t{\n\t\t\t{$out}\n\t\t});\n";
 
@@ -185,103 +191,97 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Keydown
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery keydown event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _keydown($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	protected function _keydown($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->_add_event($element, $js, 'keydown');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Keyup
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery keydown event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _keyup($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	protected function _keyup($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->_add_event($element, $js, 'keyup');
-	}	
+	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Load
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery load event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _load($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	protected function _load($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->_add_event($element, $js, 'load');
-	}	
-	
+	}
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Mousedown
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery mousedown event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _mousedown($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	protected function _mousedown($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->_add_event($element, $js, 'mousedown');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Mouse Out
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery mouseout event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _mouseout($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	protected function _mouseout($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->_add_event($element, $js, 'mouseout');
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Mouse Over
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery mouseover event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _mouseover($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	protected function _mouseover($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->_add_event($element, $js, 'mouseover');
 	}
@@ -293,12 +293,11 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery mouseup event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _mouseup($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	protected function _mouseup($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->_add_event($element, $js, 'mouseup');
 	}
@@ -310,18 +309,17 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs script directly
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _output($array_js = '')
+	protected function _output($array_js = '')
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($array_js))
 		{
 			$array_js = array($array_js);
 		}
-		
+
 		foreach ($array_js as $js)
 		{
 			$this->jquery_code_for_compile[] = "\t$js\n";
@@ -335,12 +333,11 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery resize event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _resize($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	protected function _resize($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->_add_event($element, $js, 'resize');
 	}
@@ -352,16 +349,15 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery scroll event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _scroll($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	protected function _scroll($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->_add_event($element, $js, 'scroll');
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -369,34 +365,31 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery unload event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _unload($element = 'this', $js = '')
+	protected function _unload($element = 'this', $js = '')
 	{
 		return $this->_add_event($element, $js, 'unload');
 	}
 
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------	 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Effects
-	// --------------------------------------------------------------------	
-	
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 	/**
 	 * Add Class
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery addClass event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _addClass($element = 'this', $class='')
+	protected function _addClass($element = 'this', $class='')
 	{
 		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);
-		$str  = "$({$element}).addClass(\"$class\");";
-		return $str;
+		return "$({$element}).addClass(\"$class\");";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -406,19 +399,18 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery animate event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _animate($element = 'this', $params = array(), $speed = '', $extra = '')
+	protected function _animate($element = 'this', $params = array(), $speed = '', $extra = '')
 	{
 		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);
 		$speed = $this->_validate_speed($speed);
-		
+
 		$animations = "\t\t\t";
-		
+
 		foreach ($params as $param=>$value)
 		{
 			$animations .= $param.': \''.$value.'\', ';
@@ -430,71 +422,63 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 		{
 			$speed = ', '.$speed;
 		}
-		
+
 		if ($extra != '')
 		{
 			$extra = ', '.$extra;
 		}
-		
-		$str  = "$({$element}).animate({\n$animations\n\t\t}".$speed.$extra.");";
-		
-		return $str;
+
+		return "$({$element}).animate({\n$animations\n\t\t}".$speed.$extra.");";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-		
+
 	/**
 	 * Fade In
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery hide event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _fadeIn($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
+	protected function _fadeIn($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
 	{
-		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);	
+		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);
 		$speed = $this->_validate_speed($speed);
-		
+
 		if ($callback != '')
 		{
 			$callback = ", function(){\n{$callback}\n}";
 		}
-		
-		$str  = "$({$element}).fadeIn({$speed}{$callback});";
-		
-		return $str;
+
+		return "$({$element}).fadeIn({$speed}{$callback});";
 	}
-		
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Fade Out
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery hide event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _fadeOut($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
+	protected function _fadeOut($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
 	{
 		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);
 		$speed = $this->_validate_speed($speed);
-		
+
 		if ($callback != '')
 		{
 			$callback = ", function(){\n{$callback}\n}";
 		}
-		
-		$str  = "$({$element}).fadeOut({$speed}{$callback});";
-		
-		return $str;
+
+		return "$({$element}).fadeOut({$speed}{$callback});";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -504,27 +488,24 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery hide action
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _hide($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
+	protected function _hide($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
 	{
-		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);	
+		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);
 		$speed = $this->_validate_speed($speed);
-		
+
 		if ($callback != '')
 		{
 			$callback = ", function(){\n{$callback}\n}";
 		}
-		
-		$str  = "$({$element}).hide({$speed}{$callback});";
 
-		return $str;
+		return "$({$element}).hide({$speed}{$callback});";
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -532,163 +513,145 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery remove class event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _removeClass($element = 'this', $class='')
+	protected function _removeClass($element = 'this', $class='')
 	{
 		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);
-		$str  = "$({$element}).removeClass(\"$class\");";
-		return $str;
+		return "$({$element}).removeClass(\"$class\");";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-			
+
 	/**
 	 * Slide Up
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery slideUp event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _slideUp($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
+	protected function _slideUp($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
 	{
-		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);	
+		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);
 		$speed = $this->_validate_speed($speed);
-		
+
 		if ($callback != '')
 		{
 			$callback = ", function(){\n{$callback}\n}";
 		}
-		
-		$str  = "$({$element}).slideUp({$speed}{$callback});";
-		
-		return $str;
+
+		return "$({$element}).slideUp({$speed}{$callback});";
 	}
-		
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Slide Down
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery slideDown event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _slideDown($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
+	protected function _slideDown($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
 	{
 		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);
 		$speed = $this->_validate_speed($speed);
-		
+
 		if ($callback != '')
 		{
 			$callback = ", function(){\n{$callback}\n}";
 		}
-		
-		$str  = "$({$element}).slideDown({$speed}{$callback});";
-		
-		return $str;
+
+		return "$({$element}).slideDown({$speed}{$callback});";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Slide Toggle
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery slideToggle event
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _slideToggle($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
+	protected function _slideToggle($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
 	{
 		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);
 		$speed = $this->_validate_speed($speed);
-		
+
 		if ($callback != '')
 		{
 			$callback = ", function(){\n{$callback}\n}";
 		}
-		
-		$str  = "$({$element}).slideToggle({$speed}{$callback});";
-		
-		return $str;
+
+		return "$({$element}).slideToggle({$speed}{$callback});";
 	}
-		
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Toggle
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery toggle event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _toggle($element = 'this')
+	protected function _toggle($element = 'this')
 	{
 		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);
-		$str  = "$({$element}).toggle();";
-		return $str;
+		return "$({$element}).toggle();";
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Toggle Class
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery toggle class event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _toggleClass($element = 'this', $class='')
+	protected function _toggleClass($element = 'this', $class='')
 	{
 		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);
-		$str  = "$({$element}).toggleClass(\"$class\");";
-		return $str;
+		return "$({$element}).toggleClass(\"$class\");";
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Show
 	 *
 	 * Outputs a jQuery show event
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	- element
 	 * @param	string	- One of 'slow', 'normal', 'fast', or time in milliseconds
 	 * @param	string	- Javascript callback function
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _show($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
+	protected function _show($element = 'this', $speed = '', $callback = '')
 	{
-		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);	
+		$element = $this->_prep_element($element);
 		$speed = $this->_validate_speed($speed);
-		
+
 		if ($callback != '')
 		{
 			$callback = ", function(){\n{$callback}\n}";
 		}
-		
-		$str  = "$({$element}).show({$speed}{$callback});";
-		
-		return $str;
+
+		return "$({$element}).show({$speed}{$callback});";
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -696,22 +659,20 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	/**
 	 * Updater
 	 *
-	 * An Ajax call that populates the designated DOM node with 
+	 * An Ajax call that populates the designated DOM node with
 	 * returned content
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	the controller to run the call against
 	 * @param	string	optional parameters
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	
-	function _updater($container = 'this', $controller, $options = '')
-	{	
+
+	protected function _updater($container = 'this', $controller, $options = '')
+	{
 		$container = $this->_prep_element($container);
-		
 		$controller = (strpos('://', $controller) === FALSE) ? $controller : $this->CI->config->site_url($controller);
-		
+
 		// ajaxStart and ajaxStop are better choices here... but this is a stop gap
 		if ($this->CI->config->item('javascript_ajax_img') == '')
 		{
@@ -719,41 +680,38 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			$loading_notifier = '<img src=\'' . $this->CI->config->slash_item('base_url') . $this->CI->config->item('javascript_ajax_img') . '\' alt=\'Loading\' />';
+			$loading_notifier = '<img src=\''.$this->CI->config->slash_item('base_url').$this->CI->config->item('javascript_ajax_img').'\' alt=\'Loading\' />';
 		}
-		
-		$updater = "$($container).empty();\n"; // anything that was in... get it out
-		$updater .= "\t\t$($container).prepend(\"$loading_notifier\");\n"; // to replace with an image
+
+		$updater = "$($container).empty();\n" // anything that was in... get it out
+			. "\t\t$($container).prepend(\"$loading_notifier\");\n"; // to replace with an image
 
 		$request_options = '';
 		if ($options != '')
 		{
-			$request_options .= ", {";
-			$request_options .= (is_array($options)) ? "'".implode("', '", $options)."'" : "'".str_replace(":", "':'", $options)."'";
-			$request_options .= "}";
+			$request_options .= ', {'
+					. (is_array($options) ? "'".implode("', '", $options)."'" : "'".str_replace(":", "':'", $options)."'")
+					. '}';
 		}
 
-		$updater .= "\t\t$($container).load('$controller'$request_options);";
-		return $updater;
+		return $updater."\t\t$($container).load('$controller'$request_options);";
 	}
 
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Pre-written handy stuff
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	 
+
 	/**
 	 * Zebra tables
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	table name
 	 * @param	string	plugin location
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _zebraTables($class = '', $odd = 'odd', $hover = '')
+	protected function _zebraTables($class = '', $odd = 'odd', $hover = '')
 	{
 		$class = ($class != '') ? '.'.$class : '';
-		
 		$zebra  = "\t\$(\"table{$class} tbody tr:nth-child(even)\").addClass(\"{$odd}\");";
 
 		$this->jquery_code_for_compile[] = $zebra;
@@ -766,22 +724,19 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 		return $zebra;
 	}
 
-
-
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Plugins
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Corner Plugin
 	 *
 	 * http://www.malsup.com/jquery/corner/
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	target
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function corner($element = '', $corner_style = '')
+	public function corner($element = '', $corner_style = '')
 	{
 		// may want to make this configurable down the road
 		$corner_location = '/plugins/jquery.corner.js';
@@ -793,7 +748,7 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 
 		return "$(" . $this->_prep_element($element) . ").corner(".$corner_style.");";
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -801,11 +756,10 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Load a thickbox modal window
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function modal($src, $relative = FALSE)
-	{	
+	public function modal($src, $relative = FALSE)
+	{
 		$this->jquery_code_for_load[] = $this->external($src, $relative);
 	}
 
@@ -816,10 +770,9 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Load an Effect library
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function effect($src, $relative = FALSE)
+	public function effect($src, $relative = FALSE)
 	{
 		$this->jquery_code_for_load[] = $this->external($src, $relative);
 	}
@@ -831,10 +784,9 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Load a plugin library
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function plugin($src, $relative = FALSE)
+	public function plugin($src, $relative = FALSE)
 	{
 		$this->jquery_code_for_load[] = $this->external($src, $relative);
 	}
@@ -846,10 +798,9 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Load a user interface library
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function ui($src, $relative = FALSE)
+	public function ui($src, $relative = FALSE)
 	{
 		$this->jquery_code_for_load[] = $this->external($src, $relative);
 	}
@@ -860,10 +811,9 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Creates a jQuery sortable
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function sortable($element, $options = array())
+	public function sortable($element, $options = array())
 	{
 
 		if (count($options) > 0)
@@ -888,16 +838,15 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	/**
 	 * Table Sorter Plugin
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string	table name
 	 * @param	string	plugin location
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function tablesorter($table = '', $options = '')
+	public function tablesorter($table = '', $options = '')
 	{
 		$this->jquery_code_for_compile[] = "\t$(" . $this->_prep_element($table) . ").tablesorter($options);\n";
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 	// Class functions
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -907,13 +856,12 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Constructs the syntax for an event, and adds to into the array for compilation
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string	The element to attach the event to
 	 * @param	string	The code to execute
 	 * @param	string	The event to pass
 	 * @return	string
-	 */	
-	function _add_event($element, $js, $event)
+	 */
+	protected function _add_event($element, $js, $event)
 	{
 		if (is_array($js))
 		{
@@ -934,65 +882,61 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 * As events are specified, they are stored in an array
 	 * This funciton compiles them all for output on a page
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _compile($view_var = 'script_foot', $script_tags = TRUE)
+	protected function _compile($view_var = 'script_foot', $script_tags = TRUE)
 	{
 		// External references
 		$external_scripts = implode('', $this->jquery_code_for_load);
 		$this->CI->load->vars(array('library_src' => $external_scripts));
 
-		if (count($this->jquery_code_for_compile) == 0 )
+		if (count($this->jquery_code_for_compile) === 0)
 		{
 			// no inline references, let's just return
 			return;
 		}
 
 		// Inline references
-		$script = '$(document).ready(function() {' . "\n";
-		$script .= implode('', $this->jquery_code_for_compile);
-		$script .= '});';
-		
+		$script = '$(document).ready(function() {'."\n"
+			. implode('', $this->jquery_code_for_compile)
+			. '});';
+
 		$output = ($script_tags === FALSE) ? $script : $this->inline($script);
 
 		$this->CI->load->vars(array($view_var => $output));
 
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Clear Compile
 	 *
 	 * Clears the array of script events collected for output
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @return	void
 	 */
-	function _clear_compile()
+	protected function _clear_compile()
 	{
 		$this->jquery_code_for_compile = array();
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
-	
+
 	/**
 	 * Document Ready
 	 *
 	 * A wrapper for writing document.ready()
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _document_ready($js)
+	protected function _document_ready($js)
 	{
 		if ( ! is_array($js))
 		{
-			$js = array ($js);
-
+			$js = array($js);
 		}
-		
+
 		foreach ($js as $script)
 		{
 			$this->jquery_code_for_compile[] = $script;
@@ -1006,17 +950,16 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Outputs the script tag that loads the jquery.js file into an HTML document
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function script($library_src = '', $relative = FALSE)
+	public function script($library_src = '', $relative = FALSE)
 	{
 		$library_src = $this->external($library_src, $relative);
 		$this->jquery_code_for_load[] = $library_src;
 		return $library_src;
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -1026,20 +969,19 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 * unless the supplied element is the Javascript 'this'
 	 * object, in which case no quotes are added
 	 *
-	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	function _prep_element($element)
+	protected function _prep_element($element)
 	{
 		if ($element != 'this')
 		{
 			$element = '"'.$element.'"';
 		}
-		
+
 		return $element;
 	}
-	
+
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
@@ -1047,25 +989,24 @@ class CI_Jquery extends CI_Javascript {
 	 *
 	 * Ensures the speed parameter is valid for jQuery
 	 *
-	 * @access	private
 	 * @param	string
 	 * @return	string
-	 */	
-	function _validate_speed($speed)
+	 */
+	protected function _validate_speed($speed)
 	{
 		if (in_array($speed, array('slow', 'normal', 'fast')))
 		{
-			$speed = '"'.$speed.'"';
+			return '"'.$speed.'"';
 		}
 		elseif (preg_match("/[^0-9]/", $speed))
 		{
-			$speed = '';
+			return '';
 		}
-	
+
 		return $speed;
 	}
 
 }
 
 /* End of file Jquery.php */
-/* Location: ./system/libraries/Jquery.php */
\ No newline at end of file
+/* Location: ./system/libraries/Jquery.php */