Merge tag '2.1.1'

Retagging 2.1.1 for final release

Conflicts:
	user_guide/changelog.html
	user_guide/database/active_record.html
	user_guide/database/caching.html
	user_guide/database/call_function.html
	user_guide/database/configuration.html
	user_guide/database/connecting.html
	user_guide/database/examples.html
	user_guide/database/fields.html
	user_guide/database/forge.html
	user_guide/database/helpers.html
	user_guide/database/index.html
	user_guide/database/queries.html
	user_guide/database/results.html
	user_guide/database/table_data.html
	user_guide/database/transactions.html
	user_guide/database/utilities.html
	user_guide/doc_style/index.html
	user_guide/general/alternative_php.html
	user_guide/general/ancillary_classes.html
	user_guide/general/autoloader.html
	user_guide/general/caching.html
	user_guide/general/cli.html
	user_guide/general/common_functions.html
	user_guide/general/controllers.html
	user_guide/general/core_classes.html
	user_guide/general/creating_drivers.html
	user_guide/general/creating_libraries.html
	user_guide/general/credits.html
	user_guide/general/drivers.html
	user_guide/general/environments.html
	user_guide/general/errors.html
	user_guide/general/helpers.html
	user_guide/general/hooks.html
	user_guide/general/libraries.html
	user_guide/general/managing_apps.html
	user_guide/general/models.html
	user_guide/general/profiling.html
	user_guide/general/quick_reference.html
	user_guide/general/requirements.html
	user_guide/general/reserved_names.html
	user_guide/general/routing.html
	user_guide/general/security.html
	user_guide/general/styleguide.html
	user_guide/general/urls.html
	user_guide/general/views.html
	user_guide/helpers/array_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/captcha_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/cookie_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/date_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/directory_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/download_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/email_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/file_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/form_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/html_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/inflector_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/language_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/number_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/path_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/security_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/smiley_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/string_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/text_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/typography_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/url_helper.html
	user_guide/helpers/xml_helper.html
	user_guide/index.html
	user_guide/installation/downloads.html
	user_guide/installation/index.html
	user_guide/installation/troubleshooting.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_120.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_130.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_131.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_132.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_133.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_140.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_141.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_150.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_152.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_153.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_154.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_160.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_161.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_162.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_163.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_170.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_171.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_172.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_200.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_201.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_202.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_203.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_210.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrade_b11.html
	user_guide/installation/upgrading.html
	user_guide/libraries/benchmark.html
	user_guide/libraries/caching.html
	user_guide/libraries/calendar.html
	user_guide/libraries/cart.html
	user_guide/libraries/config.html
	user_guide/libraries/email.html
	user_guide/libraries/encryption.html
	user_guide/libraries/file_uploading.html
	user_guide/libraries/form_validation.html
	user_guide/libraries/ftp.html
	user_guide/libraries/image_lib.html
	user_guide/libraries/input.html
	user_guide/libraries/javascript.html
	user_guide/libraries/language.html
	user_guide/libraries/loader.html
	user_guide/libraries/migration.html
	user_guide/libraries/output.html
	user_guide/libraries/pagination.html
	user_guide/libraries/parser.html
	user_guide/libraries/security.html
	user_guide/libraries/sessions.html
	user_guide/libraries/table.html
	user_guide/libraries/trackback.html
	user_guide/libraries/typography.html
	user_guide/libraries/unit_testing.html
	user_guide/libraries/uri.html
	user_guide/libraries/user_agent.html
	user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html
	user_guide/libraries/zip.html
	user_guide/license.html
	user_guide/overview/appflow.html
	user_guide/overview/at_a_glance.html
	user_guide/overview/cheatsheets.html
	user_guide/overview/features.html
	user_guide/overview/getting_started.html
	user_guide/overview/goals.html
	user_guide/overview/index.html
	user_guide/overview/mvc.html
	user_guide/toc.html
	user_guide/tutorial/conclusion.html
	user_guide/tutorial/create_news_items.html
	user_guide/tutorial/hard_coded_pages.html
	user_guide/tutorial/index.html
	user_guide/tutorial/news_section.html
	user_guide/tutorial/static_pages.html

Signed-off-by: Florian Pritz <bluewind@xinu.at>

13 files changed, 316 insertions, 85 deletions

diff --git a/system/core/Input.php b/system/core/Input.php
index 9bfb5f1fb..3559d8607 100755
--- a/system/core/Input.php
+++ b/system/core/Input.php
@@ -365,18 +365,70 @@ class CI_Input {
 	/**
 	* Validate IP Address
 	*
+	* @access	public
+	* @param	string
+	* @param	string	ipv4 or ipv6
+	* @return	bool
+	*/
+	public function valid_ip($ip, $which = '')
+	{
+		$which = strtolower($which);
+
+		// First check if filter_var is available
+		if (is_callable('filter_var'))
+		{
+			switch ($which) {
+				case 'ipv4':
+					$flag = FILTER_FLAG_IPV4;
+					break;
+				case 'ipv6':
+					$flag = FILTER_FLAG_IPV6;
+					break;
+				default:
+					$flag = '';
+					break;
+			}
+
+			return (bool) filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, $flag);
+		}
+
+		if ($which !== 'ipv6' && $which !== 'ipv4')
+		{
+			if (strpos($ip, ':') !== FALSE)
+			{
+				$which = 'ipv6';
+			}
+			elseif (strpos($ip, '.') !== FALSE)
+			{
+				$which = 'ipv4';
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				return FALSE;
+			}
+		}
+
+		$func = '_valid_'.$which;
+		return $this->$func($ip);
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	* Validate IPv4 Address
+	*
 	* Updated version suggested by Geert De Deckere
 	*
-	* @access	public
+	* @access	protected
 	* @param	string
-	* @return	string
+	* @return	bool
 	*/
-	function valid_ip($ip)
+	protected function _valid_ipv4($ip)
 	{
 		$ip_segments = explode('.', $ip);
 
 		// Always 4 segments needed
-		if (count($ip_segments) != 4)
+		if (count($ip_segments) !== 4)
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
@@ -385,6 +437,7 @@ class CI_Input {
 		{
 			return FALSE;
 		}
+
 		// Check each segment
 		foreach ($ip_segments as $segment)
 		{
@@ -402,6 +455,80 @@ class CI_Input {
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	/**
+	* Validate IPv6 Address
+	*
+	* @access	protected
+	* @param	string
+	* @return	bool
+	*/
+	protected function _valid_ipv6($str)
+	{
+		// 8 groups, separated by :
+		// 0-ffff per group
+		// one set of consecutive 0 groups can be collapsed to ::
+
+		$groups = 8;
+		$collapsed = FALSE;
+
+		$chunks = array_filter(
+			preg_split('/(:{1,2})/', $str, NULL, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE)
+		);
+
+		// Rule out easy nonsense
+		if (current($chunks) == ':' OR end($chunks) == ':')
+		{
+			return FALSE;
+		}
+
+		// PHP supports IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, so we'll expect those as well
+		if (strpos(end($chunks), '.') !== FALSE)
+		{
+			$ipv4 = array_pop($chunks);
+
+			if ( ! $this->_valid_ipv4($ipv4))
+			{
+				return FALSE;
+			}
+
+			$groups--;
+		}
+
+		while ($seg = array_pop($chunks))
+		{
+			if ($seg[0] == ':')
+			{
+				if (--$groups == 0)
+				{
+					return FALSE;	// too many groups
+				}
+
+				if (strlen($seg) > 2)
+				{
+					return FALSE;	// long separator
+				}
+
+				if ($seg == '::')
+				{
+					if ($collapsed)
+					{
+						return FALSE;	// multiple collapsed
+					}
+
+					$collapsed = TRUE;
+				}
+			}
+			elseif (preg_match("/[^0-9a-f]/i", $seg) OR strlen($seg) > 4)
+			{
+				return FALSE; // invalid segment
+			}
+		}
+
+		return $collapsed OR $groups == 1;
+	}
+
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
 	* User Agent
 	*
 	* @access	public
diff --git a/system/core/Security.php b/system/core/Security.php
index a3e227437..6f5ac1ed8 100755
--- a/system/core/Security.php
+++ b/system/core/Security.php
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ class CI_Security {
 			// each page load since a page could contain embedded
 			// sub-pages causing this feature to fail
 			if (isset($_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]) &&
-				$_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name] != '')
+				preg_match('#^[0-9a-f]{32}$#iS', $_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name]) === 1)
 			{
 				return $this->_csrf_hash = $_COOKIE[$this->_csrf_cookie_name];
 			}
diff --git a/system/database/DB_active_rec.php b/system/database/DB_active_rec.php
index 7bab729f5..10febb1fc 100755
--- a/system/database/DB_active_rec.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_active_rec.php
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 	 */
 	public function from($from)
 	{
-		foreach ((array)$from as $val)
+		foreach ((array) $from as $val)
 		{
 			if (strpos($val, ',') !== FALSE)
 			{
@@ -660,8 +660,12 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 			$prefix = (count($this->ar_like) == 0) ? '' : $type;
 
 			$v = $this->escape_like_str($v);
-
-			if ($side == 'before')
+			
+			if ($side == 'none')
+			{
+				$like_statement = $prefix." $k $not LIKE '{$v}'";
+			}
+			elseif ($side == 'before')
 			{
 				$like_statement = $prefix." $k $not LIKE '%{$v}'";
 			}
@@ -1643,7 +1647,7 @@ class CI_DB_active_record extends CI_DB_driver {
 		if (strpos($table, " ") !== FALSE)
 		{
 			// if the alias is written with the AS keyword, remove it
-			$table = preg_replace('/ AS /i', ' ', $table);
+			$table = preg_replace('/\s+AS\s+/i', ' ', $table);
 
 			// Grab the alias
 			$table = trim(strrchr($table, " "));
diff --git a/system/database/DB_driver.php b/system/database/DB_driver.php
index 3680b85c2..858ec356d 100755
--- a/system/database/DB_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/DB_driver.php
@@ -265,6 +265,12 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 			$sql = preg_replace("/(\W)".$this->swap_pre."(\S+?)/", "\\1".$this->dbprefix."\\2", $sql);
 		}
 
+		// Compile binds if needed
+		if ($binds !== FALSE)
+		{
+			$sql = $this->compile_binds($sql, $binds);
+		}
+
 		// Is query caching enabled?  If the query is a "read type"
 		// we will load the caching class and return the previously
 		// cached query if it exists
@@ -280,12 +286,6 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 			}
 		}
 
-		// Compile binds if needed
-		if ($binds !== FALSE)
-		{
-			$sql = $this->compile_binds($sql, $binds);
-		}
-
 		// Save the  query for debugging
 		if ($this->save_queries == TRUE)
 		{
@@ -1015,8 +1015,14 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 		else
 		{
 			$args = (func_num_args() > 1) ? array_splice(func_get_args(), 1) : null;
-
-			return call_user_func_array($function, $args);
+			if (is_null($args))
+			{
+				return call_user_func($function);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				return call_user_func_array($function, $args);
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1257,15 +1263,20 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 		}
 
 		// Convert tabs or multiple spaces into single spaces
-		$item = preg_replace('/[\t ]+/', ' ', $item);
+		$item = preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', $item);
 
 		// If the item has an alias declaration we remove it and set it aside.
 		// Basically we remove everything to the right of the first space
-		$alias = '';
-		if (strpos($item, ' ') !== FALSE)
+		if (preg_match('/^([^\s]+) (AS )*(.+)$/i', $item, $matches))
+		{
+			$item = $matches[1];
+
+			// Escape the alias
+			$alias = ' '.$matches[2].$this->_escape_identifiers($matches[3]);
+		}
+		else
 		{
-			$alias = strstr($item, " ");
-			$item = substr($item, 0, - strlen($alias));
+			$alias = '';
 		}
 
 		// This is basically a bug fix for queries that use MAX, MIN, etc.
@@ -1382,9 +1393,20 @@ class CI_DB_driver {
 		return $item.$alias;
 	}
 
+	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-}
+	/**
+	 * Dummy method that allows Active Record class to be disabled
+	 *
+	 * This function is used extensively by every db driver.
+	 *
+	 * @return	void
+	 */
+	protected function _reset_select()
+	{
+	}
 
+}
 
 /* End of file DB_driver.php */
-/* Location: ./system/database/DB_driver.php */
+/* Location: ./system/database/DB_driver.php */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
index 5de2079bb..952016848 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_driver.php
@@ -51,23 +51,23 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	function __construct($params)
 	{
 		parent::__construct($params);
-		
+
 		// clause and character used for LIKE escape sequences
 		if (strpos($this->hostname, 'mysql') !== FALSE)
 		{
 			$this->_like_escape_str = '';
 			$this->_like_escape_chr = '';
-			
+
 			//Prior to this version, the charset can't be set in the dsn
 			if(is_php('5.3.6'))
 			{
 				$this->hostname .= ";charset={$this->char_set}";
 			}
-			
+
 			//Set the charset with the connection options
 			$this->options['PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND'] = "SET NAMES {$this->char_set}";
 		}
-		else if (strpos($this->hostname, 'odbc') !== FALSE)
+		elseif (strpos($this->hostname, 'odbc') !== FALSE)
 		{
 			$this->_like_escape_str = " {escape '%s'} ";
 			$this->_like_escape_chr = '!';
@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 			$this->_like_escape_str = " ESCAPE '%s' ";
 			$this->_like_escape_chr = '!';
 		}
-		
-		$this->hostname .= ";dbname=".$this->database;
-		
+
+		empty($this->database) OR $this->hostname .= ';dbname='.$this->database;
+
 		$this->trans_enabled = FALSE;
 
 		$this->_random_keyword = ' RND('.time().')'; // database specific random keyword
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	function db_connect()
 	{
 		$this->options['PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE'] = PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT;
-		
+
 		return new PDO($this->hostname, $this->username, $this->password, $this->options);
 	}
 
@@ -189,11 +189,20 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_driver extends CI_DB {
 	function _execute($sql)
 	{
 		$sql = $this->_prep_query($sql);
-		$result_id = $this->conn_id->query($sql);
+		$result_id = $this->conn_id->prepare($sql);
+		$result_id->execute();
 		
 		if (is_object($result_id))
 		{
-			$this->affect_rows = $result_id->rowCount();
+			if (is_numeric(stripos($sql, 'SELECT')))
+			{
+				$this->affect_rows = count($result_id->fetchAll());
+				$result_id->execute();
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				$this->affect_rows = $result_id->rowCount();
+			}
 		}
 		else
 		{
diff --git a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
index 7f3058ff0..c05fbc908 100644
--- a/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
+++ b/system/database/drivers/pdo/pdo_result.php
@@ -34,7 +34,18 @@ class CI_DB_pdo_result extends CI_DB_result {
 	 */
 	function num_rows()
 	{
-		return $this->result_id->rowCount();
+		if (is_numeric(stripos($this->result_id->queryString, 'SELECT')))
+		{
+			$dbh = $this->conn_id;
+			$query = $dbh->query($this->result_id->queryString);
+			$result = $query->fetchAll();
+			unset($dbh, $query);
+			return count($result);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			return $this->result_id->rowCount();	
+		}
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/helpers/form_helper.php b/system/helpers/form_helper.php
index d9305c00b..8733ae053 100755
--- a/system/helpers/form_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/form_helper.php
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('form_open'))
 		$form .= '>';
 
 		// Add CSRF field if enabled, but leave it out for GET requests and requests to external websites	
-		if ($CI->config->item('csrf_protection') === TRUE AND ! (strpos($action, $CI->config->site_url()) === FALSE OR strpos($form, 'method="get"')))	
+		if ($CI->config->item('csrf_protection') === TRUE AND ! (strpos($action, $CI->config->base_url()) === FALSE OR strpos($form, 'method="get"')))	
 		{
 			$hidden[$CI->security->get_csrf_token_name()] = $CI->security->get_csrf_hash();
 		}
diff --git a/system/helpers/url_helper.php b/system/helpers/url_helper.php
index 9f4b85248..f1e8c6ac6 100755
--- a/system/helpers/url_helper.php
+++ b/system/helpers/url_helper.php
@@ -466,39 +466,35 @@ if ( ! function_exists('prep_url'))
  * Create URL Title
  *
  * Takes a "title" string as input and creates a
- * human-friendly URL string with either a dash
- * or an underscore as the word separator.
+ * human-friendly URL string with a "separator" string 
+ * as the word separator.
  *
  * @access	public
  * @param	string	the string
- * @param	string	the separator: dash, or underscore
+ * @param	string	the separator
  * @return	string
  */
 if ( ! function_exists('url_title'))
 {
-	function url_title($str, $separator = 'dash', $lowercase = FALSE)
+	function url_title($str, $separator = '-', $lowercase = FALSE)
 	{
-		if ($separator == 'dash')
+		if ($separator == 'dash') 
 		{
-			$search		= '_';
-			$replace	= '-';
+		    $separator = '-';
 		}
-		else
+		else if ($separator == 'underscore')
 		{
-			$search		= '-';
-			$replace	= '_';
+		    $separator = '_';
 		}
+		
+		$q_separator = preg_quote($separator);
 
 		$trans = array(
-						'&\#\d+?;'				=> '',
-						'&\S+?;'				=> '',
-						'\s+'					=> $replace,
-						'[^a-z0-9\-\._]'		=> '',
-						$replace.'+'			=> $replace,
-						$replace.'$'			=> $replace,
-						'^'.$replace			=> $replace,
-						'\.+$'					=> ''
-					);
+			'&.+?;'                 => '',
+			'[^a-z0-9 _-]'          => '',
+			'\s+'                   => $separator,
+			'('.$q_separator.')+'   => $separator
+		);
 
 		$str = strip_tags($str);
 
@@ -512,7 +508,7 @@ if ( ! function_exists('url_title'))
 			$str = strtolower($str);
 		}
 
-		return trim(stripslashes($str));
+		return trim($str, $separator);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/system/language/english/migration_lang.php b/system/language/english/migration_lang.php
index 4763ca243..f17530f00 100644
--- a/system/language/english/migration_lang.php
+++ b/system/language/english/migration_lang.php
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ $lang['migration_not_found']			= "This migration could not be found.";
 $lang['migration_multiple_version']		= "This are multiple migrations with the same version number: %d.";
 $lang['migration_class_doesnt_exist']	= "The migration class \"%s\" could not be found.";
 $lang['migration_missing_up_method']	= "The migration class \"%s\" is missing an 'up' method.";
-$lang['migration_missing_down_method']	= "The migration class \"%s\" is missing an 'up' method.";
+$lang['migration_missing_down_method']	= "The migration class \"%s\" is missing an 'down' method.";
 $lang['migration_invalid_filename']		= "Migration \"%s\" has an invalid filename.";
 
 
diff --git a/system/libraries/Driver.php b/system/libraries/Driver.php
index 9881c1eec..a199d45f0 100755
--- a/system/libraries/Driver.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Driver.php
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 class CI_Driver_Library {
 
 	protected $valid_drivers	= array();
-	protected static $lib_name;
+	protected $lib_name;
 
 	// The first time a child is used it won't exist, so we instantiate it
 	// subsequents calls will go straight to the proper child.
diff --git a/system/libraries/Form_validation.php b/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
index a34809e05..9aab5da4b 100755
--- a/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Form_validation.php
@@ -1079,11 +1079,12 @@ class CI_Form_validation {
 	 *
 	 * @access	public
 	 * @param	string
+	 * @param	string "ipv4" or "ipv6" to validate a specific ip format
 	 * @return	string
 	 */
-	public function valid_ip($ip)
+	public function valid_ip($ip, $which = '')
 	{
-		return $this->CI->input->valid_ip($ip);
+		return $this->CI->input->valid_ip($ip, $which);
 	}
 
 	// --------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/system/libraries/Image_lib.php b/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
index 8902f524d..21ec2cb4b 100755
--- a/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Image_lib.php
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 	 */
 	function clear()
 	{
-		$props = array('source_folder', 'dest_folder', 'source_image', 'full_src_path', 'full_dst_path', 'new_image', 'image_type', 'size_str', 'quality', 'orig_width', 'orig_height', 'rotation_angle', 'x_axis', 'y_axis', 'create_fnc', 'copy_fnc', 'wm_overlay_path', 'wm_use_truetype', 'dynamic_output', 'wm_font_size', 'wm_text', 'wm_vrt_alignment', 'wm_hor_alignment', 'wm_padding', 'wm_hor_offset', 'wm_vrt_offset', 'wm_font_color', 'wm_use_drop_shadow', 'wm_shadow_color', 'wm_shadow_distance', 'wm_opacity');
+		$props = array('source_folder', 'dest_folder', 'source_image', 'full_src_path', 'full_dst_path', 'new_image', 'image_type', 'size_str', 'quality', 'orig_width', 'orig_height', 'width', 'height', 'rotation_angle', 'x_axis', 'y_axis', 'create_fnc', 'copy_fnc', 'wm_overlay_path', 'wm_use_truetype', 'dynamic_output', 'wm_font_size', 'wm_text', 'wm_vrt_alignment', 'wm_hor_alignment', 'wm_padding', 'wm_hor_offset', 'wm_vrt_offset', 'wm_font_color', 'wm_use_drop_shadow', 'wm_shadow_color', 'wm_shadow_distance', 'wm_opacity');
 
 		foreach ($props as $val)
 		{
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class CI_Image_lib {
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			if (strpos($this->new_image, '/') === FALSE)
+			if (strpos($this->new_image, '/') === FALSE AND strpos($this->new_image, '\\') === FALSE)
 			{
 				$this->dest_folder = $this->source_folder;
 				$this->dest_image = $this->new_image;
diff --git a/system/libraries/Upload.php b/system/libraries/Upload.php
index 05511b5d3..0e5d73b19 100755
--- a/system/libraries/Upload.php
+++ b/system/libraries/Upload.php
@@ -868,6 +868,10 @@ class CI_Upload {
 			{
 				return TRUE; // its an image, no "triggers" detected in the first 256 bytes, we're good
 			}
+			else
+			{
+				return FALSE;
+			}
 		}
 
 		if (($data = @file_get_contents($file)) === FALSE)
@@ -1018,47 +1022,104 @@ class CI_Upload {
 	 */
 	protected function _file_mime_type($file)
 	{
-		// Use if the Fileinfo extension, if available (only versions above 5.3 support the FILEINFO_MIME_TYPE flag)
-		if ( (float) substr(phpversion(), 0, 3) >= 5.3 && function_exists('finfo_file'))
+		// We'll need this to validate the MIME info string (e.g. text/plain; charset=us-ascii)
+		$regexp = '/^([a-z\-]+\/[a-z0-9\-\.\+]+)(;\s.+)?$/';
+
+		/* Fileinfo extension - most reliable method
+		 *
+		 * Unfortunately, prior to PHP 5.3 - it's only available as a PECL extension and the
+		 * more convenient FILEINFO_MIME_TYPE flag doesn't exist.
+		 */
+		if (function_exists('finfo_file'))
 		{
-			$finfo = new finfo(FILEINFO_MIME_TYPE);
-			if ($finfo !== FALSE) // This is possible, if there is no magic MIME database file found on the system
+			$finfo = finfo_open(FILEINFO_MIME);
+			if (is_resource($finfo)) // It is possible that a FALSE value is returned, if there is no magic MIME database file found on the system
 			{
-				$file_type = $finfo->file($file['tmp_name']);
+				$mime = @finfo_file($finfo, $file['tmp_name']);
+				finfo_close($finfo);
 
 				/* According to the comments section of the PHP manual page,
 				 * it is possible that this function returns an empty string
 				 * for some files (e.g. if they don't exist in the magic MIME database)
 				 */
-				if (strlen($file_type) > 1)
+				if (is_string($mime) && preg_match($regexp, $mime, $matches))
 				{
-					$this->file_type = $file_type;
+					$this->file_type = $matches[1];
 					return;
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
-		// Fall back to the deprecated mime_content_type(), if available
-		if (function_exists('mime_content_type'))
-		{
-			$this->file_type = @mime_content_type($file['tmp_name']);
-			return;
-		}
-
-		/* This is an ugly hack, but UNIX-type systems provide a native way to detect the file type,
-		 * which is still more secure than depending on the value of $_FILES[$field]['type'].
+		/* This is an ugly hack, but UNIX-type systems provide a "native" way to detect the file type,
+		 * which is still more secure than depending on the value of $_FILES[$field]['type'], and as it
+		 * was reported in issue #750 (https://github.com/EllisLab/CodeIgniter/issues/750) - it's better
+		 * than mime_content_type() as well, hence the attempts to try calling the command line with
+		 * three different functions.
 		 *
 		 * Notes:
-		 *	- a 'W' in the substr() expression bellow, would mean that we're using Windows
-		 *	- many system admins would disable the exec() function due to security concerns, hence the function_exists() check
+		 *	- the DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR comparison ensures that we're not on a Windows system
+		 *	- many system admins would disable the exec(), shell_exec(), popen() and similar functions
+		 *	  due to security concerns, hence the function_exists() checks
 		 */
-		if (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR !== '\\' && function_exists('exec'))
+		if (DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR !== '\\')
 		{
-			$output = array();
-			@exec('file --brief --mime-type ' . escapeshellarg($file['tmp_path']), $output, $return_code);
-			if ($return_code === 0 && strlen($output[0]) > 0) // A return status code != 0 would mean failed execution
+			$cmd = 'file --brief --mime ' . escapeshellarg($file['tmp_name']) . ' 2>&1';
+
+			if (function_exists('exec'))
+			{
+				/* This might look confusing, as $mime is being populated with all of the output when set in the second parameter.
+				 * However, we only neeed the last line, which is the actual return value of exec(), and as such - it overwrites
+				 * anything that could already be set for $mime previously. This effectively makes the second parameter a dummy
+				 * value, which is only put to allow us to get the return status code.
+				 */
+				$mime = @exec($cmd, $mime, $return_status);
+				if ($return_status === 0 && is_string($mime) && preg_match($regexp, $mime, $matches))
+				{
+					$this->file_type = $matches[1];
+					return;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if ( (bool) @ini_get('safe_mode') === FALSE && function_exists('shell_exec'))
+			{
+				$mime = @shell_exec($cmd);
+				if (strlen($mime) > 0)
+				{
+					$mime = explode("\n", trim($mime));
+					if (preg_match($regexp, $mime[(count($mime) - 1)], $matches))
+					{
+						$this->file_type = $matches[1];
+						return;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (function_exists('popen'))
+			{
+				$proc = @popen($cmd, 'r');
+				if (is_resource($proc))
+				{
+					$mime = @fread($proc, 512);
+					@pclose($proc);
+					if ($mime !== FALSE)
+					{
+						$mime = explode("\n", trim($mime));
+						if (preg_match($regexp, $mime[(count($mime) - 1)], $matches))
+						{
+							$this->file_type = $matches[1];
+							return;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Fall back to the deprecated mime_content_type(), if available (still better than $_FILES[$field]['type'])
+		if (function_exists('mime_content_type'))
+		{
+			$this->file_type = @mime_content_type($file['tmp_name']);
+			if (strlen($this->file_type) > 0) // It's possible that mime_content_type() returns FALSE or an empty string
 			{
-				$this->file_type = rtrim($output[0]);
 				return;
 			}
 		}