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authorAndrey Andreev <narf@devilix.net>2018-06-12 15:45:46 +0200
committerAndrey Andreev <narf@devilix.net>2018-06-12 15:45:46 +0200
commit30e2eafa86c4c7b6b39cea3e7089a90df9f603fb (patch)
tree391bc1e62d8d0ad045e18a6da72e3e2a59e91503 /user_guide/helpers
parenta9da3dd2f16a8f97d7bc4ff5572b28e4bb84c813 (diff)
[ci skip] 3.1.9 release
Diffstat (limited to 'user_guide/helpers')
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/array_helper.html660
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/captcha_helper.html676
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/cookie_helper.html608
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/date_helper.html1256
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/directory_helper.html587
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/download_helper.html556
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/email_helper.html598
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/file_helper.html829
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/form_helper.html1598
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/html_helper.html1091
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/index.html518
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/inflector_helper.html680
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/language_helper.html550
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/number_helper.html559
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/path_helper.html557
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/security_helper.html669
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/smiley_helper.html708
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/string_helper.html873
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/text_helper.html847
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/typography_helper.html607
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/url_helper.html1044
-rw-r--r--user_guide/helpers/xml_helper.html559
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+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Array Helper</a></li>
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+ <div class="section" id="array-helper">
+<h1>Array Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#array-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The Array Helper file contains functions that assist in working with
+arrays.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;array&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="element">
+<code class="descname">element</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$item</em>, <em>$array</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$default = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#element" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$item</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Item to fetch from the array</li>
+<li><strong>$array</strong> (<em>array</em>) – Input array</li>
+<li><strong>$default</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – What to return if the array isn’t valid</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">NULL on failure or the array item.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you fetch an item from an array. The function tests whether the
+array index is set and whether it has a value. If a value exists it is
+returned. If a value does not exist it returns NULL, or whatever you’ve
+specified as the default value via the third parameter.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;color&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;shape&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;round&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;size&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">element</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;color&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$array</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// returns &quot;red&quot;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">element</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;size&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$array</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;foobar&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// returns &quot;foobar&quot;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="elements">
+<code class="descname">elements</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$items</em>, <em>$array</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$default = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#elements" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$item</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Item to fetch from the array</li>
+<li><strong>$array</strong> (<em>array</em>) – Input array</li>
+<li><strong>$default</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – What to return if the array isn’t valid</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">NULL on failure or the array item.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you fetch a number of items from an array. The function tests
+whether each of the array indices is set. If an index does not exist it
+is set to NULL, or whatever you’ve specified as the default value via
+the third parameter.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;color&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;shape&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;round&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;radius&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;10&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;diameter&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;20&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="nv">$my_shape</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">elements</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;color&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;shape&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;height&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nv">$array</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above will return the following array:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;color&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;shape&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;round&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;height&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">NULL</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>You can set the third parameter to any default value you like.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$my_shape</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">elements</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;color&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;shape&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;height&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nv">$array</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;foobar&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above will return the following array:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;color&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;shape&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;round&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;height&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;foobar&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>This is useful when sending the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_POST</span></code> array to one of your Models.
+This prevents users from sending additional POST data to be entered into
+your tables.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;post_model&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">post_model</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">update</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="nx">elements</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>This ensures that only the id, title and content fields are sent to be
+updated.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="random_element">
+<code class="descname">random_element</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$array</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#random_element" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$array</strong> (<em>array</em>) – Input array</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A random element from the array</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes an array as input and returns a random element from it.</p>
+<p>Usage example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$quotes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s2">&quot;I find that the harder I work, the more luck I seem to have. - Thomas Jefferson&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s2">&quot;Don&#39;t stay in bed, unless you can make money in bed. - George Burns&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s2">&quot;We didn&#39;t lose the game; we just ran out of time. - Vince Lombardi&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s2">&quot;If everything seems under control, you&#39;re not going fast enough. - Mario Andretti&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s2">&quot;Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one. - Albert Einstein&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s2">&quot;Chance favors the prepared mind - Louis Pasteur&quot;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">random_element</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$quotes</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
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+ <p>
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+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
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@@ -0,0 +1,676 @@
+
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+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
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+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
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+
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+ <div class="section" id="captcha-helper">
+<h1>CAPTCHA Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#captcha-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The CAPTCHA Helper file contains functions that assist in creating
+CAPTCHA images.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-captcha-helper" id="id2">Using the CAPTCHA helper</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#adding-a-database" id="id3">Adding a Database</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id4">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;captcha&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="using-the-captcha-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Using the CAPTCHA helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-captcha-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Once loaded you can generate a CAPTCHA like this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$vals</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;word&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Random word&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;img_path&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;./captcha/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;img_url&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/captcha/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;font_path&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;./path/to/fonts/texb.ttf&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;img_width&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;150&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;img_height&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;expiration&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">7200</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;word_length&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;font_size&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;img_id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Imageid&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;pool&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+
+ <span class="c1">// White background and border, black text and red grid</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;colors&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;background&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">),</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;border&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">),</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;grid&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">255</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">40</span><span class="p">)</span>
+ <span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="nv">$cap</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">create_captcha</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$vals</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$cap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;image&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>The captcha function requires the GD image library.</li>
+<li>Only the <strong>img_path</strong> and <strong>img_url</strong> are required.</li>
+<li>If a <strong>word</strong> is not supplied, the function will generate a random
+ASCII string. You might put together your own word library that you
+can draw randomly from.</li>
+<li>If you do not specify a path to a TRUE TYPE font, the native ugly GD
+font will be used.</li>
+<li>The “captcha” directory must be writable</li>
+<li>The <strong>expiration</strong> (in seconds) signifies how long an image will remain
+in the captcha folder before it will be deleted. The default is two
+hours.</li>
+<li><strong>word_length</strong> defaults to 8, <strong>pool</strong> defaults to ‘0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ’</li>
+<li><strong>font_size</strong> defaults to 16, the native GD font has a size limit. Specify a “true type” font for bigger sizes.</li>
+<li>The <strong>img_id</strong> will be set as the “id” of the captcha image.</li>
+<li>If any of the <strong>colors</strong> values is missing, it will be replaced by the default.</li>
+</ul>
+<div class="section" id="adding-a-database">
+<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Adding a Database</a><a class="headerlink" href="#adding-a-database" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<p>In order for the captcha function to prevent someone from submitting,
+you will need to add the information returned from <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">create_captcha()</span></code>
+to your database. Then, when the data from the form is submitted by
+the user you will need to verify that the data exists in the database
+and has not expired.</p>
+<p>Here is a table prototype:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">CREATE</span> <span class="nx">TABLE</span> <span class="nx">captcha</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="nx">captcha_id</span> <span class="nx">bigint</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">unsigned</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="nx">auto_increment</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="nx">captcha_time</span> <span class="nx">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">unsigned</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="nx">ip_address</span> <span class="nx">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="nx">word</span> <span class="nx">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="nx">PRIMARY</span> <span class="nx">KEY</span> <span class="sb">`captcha_id`</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="sb">`captcha_id`</span><span class="p">),</span>
+ <span class="nx">KEY</span> <span class="sb">`word`</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="sb">`word`</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Here is an example of usage with a database. On the page where the
+CAPTCHA will be shown you’ll have something like this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;captcha&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="nv">$vals</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;img_path&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;./captcha/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;img_url&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/captcha/&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="nv">$cap</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">create_captcha</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$vals</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;captcha_time&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$cap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;time&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;ip_address&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">ip_address</span><span class="p">(),</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;word&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$cap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;word&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">insert_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;captcha&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$query</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Submit the word you see below:&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$cap</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;image&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;captcha&quot; value=&quot;&quot; /&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Then, on the page that accepts the submission you’ll have something like
+this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// First, delete old captchas</span>
+<span class="nv">$expiration</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">7200</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// Two hour limit</span>
+<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">where</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;captcha_time &lt; &#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$expiration</span><span class="p">)</span>
+ <span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;captcha&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="c1">// Then see if a captcha exists:</span>
+<span class="nv">$sql</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;SELECT COUNT(*) AS count FROM captcha WHERE word = ? AND ip_address = ? AND captcha_time &gt; ?&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$binds</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;captcha&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">ip_address</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="nv">$expiration</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$sql</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$binds</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">row</span><span class="p">();</span>
+
+<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">count</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;You must submit the word that appears in the image.&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="create_captcha">
+<code class="descname">create_captcha</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$img_path = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$img_url = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$font_path = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#create_captcha" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) – Array of data for the CAPTCHA</li>
+<li><strong>$img_path</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Path to create the image in (DEPRECATED)</li>
+<li><strong>$img_url</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URL to the CAPTCHA image folder (DEPRECATED)</li>
+<li><strong>$font_path</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Server path to font (DEPRECATED)</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">array(‘word’ =&gt; $word, ‘time’ =&gt; $now, ‘image’ =&gt; $img)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes an array of information to generate the CAPTCHA as input and
+creates the image to your specifications, returning an array of
+associative data about the image.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;image&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">IMAGE</span> <span class="nx">TAG</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;time&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">TIMESTAMP</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">in</span> <span class="nb">microtime</span><span class="p">)</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;word&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">CAPTCHA</span> <span class="nx">WORD</span>
+<span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The <strong>image</strong> is the actual image tag:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">img</span> <span class="nx">src</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com/captcha/12345.jpg&quot;</span> <span class="nx">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;140&quot;</span> <span class="nx">height</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;50&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The <strong>time</strong> is the micro timestamp used as the image name without the
+file extension. It will be a number like this: 1139612155.3422</p>
+<p>The <strong>word</strong> is the word that appears in the captcha image, which if not
+supplied to the function, will be a random string.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">Usage of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$img_path</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$img_url</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$font_path</span></code>
+parameters is DEPRECATED. Provide them in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$data</span></code> array
+instead.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+ </div>
+ &nbsp;
+ </nav>
+
+ <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
+
+
+ <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
+ <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
+ <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
+ </nav>
+
+
+
+ <div class="wy-nav-content">
+ <div class="rst-content">
+ <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
+ <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>Cookie Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
+ </ul>
+ <hr/>
+</div>
+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="cookie-helper">
+<h1>Cookie Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#cookie-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The Cookie Helper file contains functions that assist in working with
+cookies.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;cookie&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="set_cookie">
+<code class="descname">set_cookie</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$name</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$expire = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$domain = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$path = '/'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$prefix = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$secure = NULL</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$httponly = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#set_cookie" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Cookie name <em>or</em> associative array of all of the parameters available to this function</li>
+<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Cookie value</li>
+<li><strong>$expire</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Number of seconds until expiration</li>
+<li><strong>$domain</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Cookie domain (usually: .yourdomain.com)</li>
+<li><strong>$path</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Cookie path</li>
+<li><strong>$prefix</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Cookie name prefix</li>
+<li><strong>$secure</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to only send the cookie through HTTPS</li>
+<li><strong>$httponly</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to hide the cookie from JavaScript</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This helper function gives you friendlier syntax to set browser
+cookies. Refer to the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><span class="doc">Input Library</span></a> for
+a description of its use, as this function is an alias for
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Input::set_cookie()</span></code>.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="get_cookie">
+<code class="descname">get_cookie</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$index</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$xss_clean = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#get_cookie" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$index</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Cookie name</li>
+<li><strong>$xss_clean</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to apply XSS filtering to the returned value</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The cookie value or NULL if not found</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This helper function gives you friendlier syntax to get browser
+cookies. Refer to the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><span class="doc">Input Library</span></a> for
+detailed description of its use, as this function acts very
+similarly to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Input::cookie()</span></code>, except it will also prepend
+the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['cookie_prefix']</span></code> that you might’ve set in your
+<em>application/config/config.php</em> file.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="delete_cookie">
+<code class="descname">delete_cookie</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$name</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$domain = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$path = '/'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$prefix = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#delete_cookie" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Cookie name</li>
+<li><strong>$domain</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Cookie domain (usually: .yourdomain.com)</li>
+<li><strong>$path</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Cookie path</li>
+<li><strong>$prefix</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Cookie name prefix</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you delete a cookie. Unless you’ve set a custom path or other
+values, only the name of the cookie is needed.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">delete_cookie</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>This function is otherwise identical to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_cookie()</span></code>, except that it
+does not have the value and expiration parameters. You can submit an
+array of values in the first parameter or you can set discrete
+parameters.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">delete_cookie</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$domain</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$prefix</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="date_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Date Helper">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+
+
+ <a href="captcha_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="CAPTCHA Helper"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <hr/>
+
+ <div role="contentinfo">
+ <p>
+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+ Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
+
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+
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+
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+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
+ URL_ROOT:'../',
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+ HAS_SOURCE: false
+ };
+ </script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
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+</html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/date_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/date_helper.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..138fe5db4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/helpers/date_helper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1256 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+
+ <title>Date Helper &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
+
+
+
+
+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+
+
+
+ <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
+
+
+
+
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+
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+
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
+
+
+
+ <link rel="index" title="Index"
+ href="../genindex.html"/>
+ <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
+ <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
+ <link rel="up" title="Helpers" href="index.html"/>
+ <link rel="next" title="Directory Helper" href="directory_helper.html"/>
+ <link rel="prev" title="Cookie Helper" href="cookie_helper.html"/>
+
+
+ <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
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+</ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
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+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
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+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
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+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
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+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
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+
+ <li>Date Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
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+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
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+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="date-helper">
+<h1>Date Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#date-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The Date Helper file contains functions that help you work with dates.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#timezone-reference" id="id3">Timezone Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;date&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="now">
+<code class="descname">now</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$timezone = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#now" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$timezone</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Timezone</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">UNIX timestamp</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">int</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns the current time as a UNIX timestamp, referenced either to your server’s
+local time or any PHP supported timezone, based on the “time reference” setting
+in your config file. If you do not intend to set your master time reference to
+any other PHP supported timezone (which you’ll typically do if you run a site
+that lets each user set their own timezone settings) there is no benefit to using
+this function over PHP’s <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">time()</span></code> function.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">now</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Australia/Victoria&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>If a timezone is not provided, it will return <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">time()</span></code> based on the
+<strong>time_reference</strong> setting.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="mdate">
+<code class="descname">mdate</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$datestr = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$time = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#mdate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$datestr</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Date string</li>
+<li><strong>$time</strong> (<em>int</em>) – UNIX timestamp</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">MySQL-formatted date</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This function is identical to PHP’s <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/manual/en/function.date.php">date()</a>
+function, except that it lets you use MySQL style date codes, where each
+code letter is preceded with a percent sign, e.g. <cite>%Y %m %d</cite></p>
+<p>The benefit of doing dates this way is that you don’t have to worry
+about escaping any characters that are not date codes, as you would
+normally have to do with the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">date()</span></code> function.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$datestring</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Year: %Y Month: %m Day: %d - %h:%i %a&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$time</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">mdate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$datestring</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$time</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>If a timestamp is not included in the second parameter the current time
+will be used.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="standard_date">
+<code class="descname">standard_date</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$fmt = 'DATE_RFC822'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$time = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#standard_date" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$fmt</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Date format</li>
+<li><strong>$time</strong> (<em>int</em>) – UNIX timestamp</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Formatted date or FALSE on invalid format</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you generate a date string in one of several standardized formats.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$format</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;DATE_RFC822&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$time</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">standard_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$format</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$time</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p>This function is DEPRECATED. Use the native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">date()</span></code> combined with
+<a class="reference external" href="https://secure.php.net/manual/en/class.datetime.php#datetime.constants.types">DateTime’s format constants</a>
+instead:</p>
+<div class="last highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">DATE_RFC822</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">());</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p><strong>Supported formats:</strong></p>
+<table border="1" class="docutils">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="20%" />
+<col width="30%" />
+<col width="50%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Constant</th>
+<th class="head">Description</th>
+<th class="head">Example</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="row-even"><td>DATE_ATOM</td>
+<td>Atom</td>
+<td>2005-08-15T16:13:03+0000</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>DATE_COOKIE</td>
+<td>HTTP Cookies</td>
+<td>Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 UTC</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>DATE_ISO8601</td>
+<td>ISO-8601</td>
+<td>2005-08-14T16:13:03+00:00</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>DATE_RFC822</td>
+<td>RFC 822</td>
+<td>Sun, 14 Aug 05 16:13:03 UTC</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>DATE_RFC850</td>
+<td>RFC 850</td>
+<td>Sunday, 14-Aug-05 16:13:03 UTC</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>DATE_RFC1036</td>
+<td>RFC 1036</td>
+<td>Sunday, 14-Aug-05 16:13:03 UTC</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>DATE_RFC1123</td>
+<td>RFC 1123</td>
+<td>Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 UTC</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>DATE_RFC2822</td>
+<td>RFC 2822</td>
+<td>Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 +0000</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>DATE_RSS</td>
+<td>RSS</td>
+<td>Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 UTC</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>DATE_W3C</td>
+<td>W3C</td>
+<td>2005-08-14T16:13:03+0000</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="local_to_gmt">
+<code class="descname">local_to_gmt</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$time = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#local_to_gmt" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$time</strong> (<em>int</em>) – UNIX timestamp</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">UNIX timestamp</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">int</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes a UNIX timestamp as input and returns it as GMT.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$gmt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">local_to_gmt</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">());</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="gmt_to_local">
+<code class="descname">gmt_to_local</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$time = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$timezone = 'UTC'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$dst = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gmt_to_local" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$time</strong> (<em>int</em>) – UNIX timestamp</li>
+<li><strong>$timezone</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Timezone</li>
+<li><strong>$dst</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether DST is active</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">UNIX timestamp</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">int</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes a UNIX timestamp (referenced to GMT) as input, and converts it to
+a localized timestamp based on the timezone and Daylight Saving Time
+submitted.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$timestamp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1140153693</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$timezone</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;UM8&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$daylight_saving</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">gmt_to_local</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$timestamp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$timezone</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$daylight_saving</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">For a list of timezones see the reference at the bottom of this page.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="mysql_to_unix">
+<code class="descname">mysql_to_unix</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$time = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#mysql_to_unix" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$time</strong> (<em>string</em>) – MySQL timestamp</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">UNIX timestamp</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">int</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes a MySQL Timestamp as input and returns it as a UNIX timestamp.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$unix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">mysql_to_unix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;20061124092345&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="unix_to_human">
+<code class="descname">unix_to_human</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$time = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$seconds = FALSE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$fmt = 'us'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#unix_to_human" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$time</strong> (<em>int</em>) – UNIX timestamp</li>
+<li><strong>$seconds</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to show seconds</li>
+<li><strong>$fmt</strong> (<em>string</em>) – format (us or euro)</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Formatted date</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes a UNIX timestamp as input and returns it in a human readable
+format with this prototype:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">YYYY</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">MM</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">DD</span> <span class="nx">HH</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="nx">MM</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="nx">SS</span> <span class="nx">AM</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">PM</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>This can be useful if you need to display a date in a form field for
+submission.</p>
+<p>The time can be formatted with or without seconds, and it can be set to
+European or US format. If only the timestamp is submitted it will return
+the time without seconds formatted for the U.S.</p>
+<p>Examples:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$now</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">unix_to_human</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$now</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// U.S. time, no seconds</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">unix_to_human</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$now</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;us&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// U.S. time with seconds</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">unix_to_human</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$now</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;eu&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Euro time with seconds</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="human_to_unix">
+<code class="descname">human_to_unix</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$datestr = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#human_to_unix" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$datestr</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Date string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">UNIX timestamp or FALSE on failure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">int</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>The opposite of the <code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">unix_to_time()</span></code> function. Takes a “human”
+time as input and returns it as a UNIX timestamp. This is useful if you
+accept “human” formatted dates submitted via a form. Returns boolean FALSE
+date string passed to it is not formatted as indicated above.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$now</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
+<span class="nv">$human</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">unix_to_human</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$now</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="nv">$unix</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">human_to_unix</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$human</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="nice_date">
+<code class="descname">nice_date</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$bad_date = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$format = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nice_date" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$bad_date</strong> (<em>int</em>) – The terribly formatted date-like string</li>
+<li><strong>$format</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Date format to return (same as PHP’s <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">date()</span></code> function)</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Formatted date</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This function can take a number poorly-formed date formats and convert
+them into something useful. It also accepts well-formed dates.</p>
+<p>The function will return a UNIX timestamp by default. You can, optionally,
+pass a format string (the same type as the PHP <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">date()</span></code> function accepts)
+as the second parameter.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$bad_date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;199605&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="c1">// Should Produce: 1996-05-01</span>
+<span class="nv">$better_date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">nice_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$bad_date</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Y-m-d&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="nv">$bad_date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;9-11-2001&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="c1">// Should Produce: 2001-09-11</span>
+<span class="nv">$better_date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">nice_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$bad_date</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Y-m-d&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">This function is DEPRECATED. Use PHP’s native <a class="reference external" href="https://secure.php.net/datetime">DateTime class</a> instead.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="timespan">
+<code class="descname">timespan</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$seconds = 1</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$time = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$units = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#timespan" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$seconds</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Number of seconds</li>
+<li><strong>$time</strong> (<em>string</em>) – UNIX timestamp</li>
+<li><strong>$units</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Number of time units to display</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Formatted time difference</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Formats a UNIX timestamp so that is appears similar to this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="nx">Year</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="nx">Months</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="nx">Weeks</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span> <span class="nx">Days</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span> <span class="nx">Hours</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">16</span> <span class="nx">Minutes</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The first parameter must contain a UNIX timestamp.
+The second parameter must contain a timestamp that is greater that the
+first timestamp.
+The thirdparameter is optional and limits the number of time units to display.</p>
+<p>If the second parameter empty, the current time will be used.</p>
+<p>The most common purpose for this function is to show how much time has
+elapsed from some point in time in the past to now.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$post_date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1079621429&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$now</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
+<span class="nv">$units</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">timespan</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$post_date</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$now</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$units</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">The text generated by this function is found in the following language
+file: <cite>language/&lt;your_lang&gt;/date_lang.php</cite></p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="days_in_month">
+<code class="descname">days_in_month</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$month = 0</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$year = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#days_in_month" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$month</strong> (<em>int</em>) – a numeric month</li>
+<li><strong>$year</strong> (<em>int</em>) – a numeric year</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Count of days in the specified month</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">int</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns the number of days in a given month/year. Takes leap years into
+account.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">days_in_month</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mo">06</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2005</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>If the second parameter is empty, the current year will be used.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">This function will alias the native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">cal_days_in_month()</span></code>, if
+it is available.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="date_range">
+<code class="descname">date_range</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$unix_start = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$mixed = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$is_unix = TRUE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$format = 'Y-m-d'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#date_range" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$unix_start</strong> (<em>int</em>) – UNIX timestamp of the range start date</li>
+<li><strong>$mixed</strong> (<em>int</em>) – UNIX timestamp of the range end date or interval in days</li>
+<li><strong>$is_unix</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – set to FALSE if $mixed is not a timestamp</li>
+<li><strong>$format</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Output date format, same as in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">date()</span></code></li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An array of dates</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns a list of dates within a specified period.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$range</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">date_range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;2012-01-01&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;2012-01-15&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s2">&quot;First 15 days of 2012:&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$range</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$date</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$date</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="timezones">
+<code class="descname">timezones</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$tz = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#timezones" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$tz</strong> (<em>string</em>) – A numeric timezone</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Hour difference from UTC</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">int</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes a timezone reference (for a list of valid timezones, see the
+“Timezone Reference” below) and returns the number of hours offset from
+UTC.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">timezones</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;UM5&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>This function is useful when used with <a class="reference internal" href="#timezone_menu" title="timezone_menu"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">timezone_menu()</span></code></a>.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="timezone_menu">
+<code class="descname">timezone_menu</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$default = 'UTC'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$class = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$name = 'timezones'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#timezone_menu" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$default</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Timezone</li>
+<li><strong>$class</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Class name</li>
+<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Menu name</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML drop down menu with time zones</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Generates a pull-down menu of timezones, like this one:</p>
+<form action="#">
+ <select name="timezones">
+ <option value='UM12'>(UTC -12:00) Baker/Howland Island</option>
+ <option value='UM11'>(UTC -11:00) Samoa Time Zone, Niue</option>
+ <option value='UM10'>(UTC -10:00) Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time, Cook Islands, Tahiti</option>
+ <option value='UM95'>(UTC -9:30) Marquesas Islands</option>
+ <option value='UM9'>(UTC -9:00) Alaska Standard Time, Gambier Islands</option>
+ <option value='UM8'>(UTC -8:00) Pacific Standard Time, Clipperton Island</option>
+ <option value='UM7'>(UTC -7:00) Mountain Standard Time</option>
+ <option value='UM6'>(UTC -6:00) Central Standard Time</option>
+ <option value='UM5'>(UTC -5:00) Eastern Standard Time, Western Caribbean Standard Time</option>
+ <option value='UM45'>(UTC -4:30) Venezuelan Standard Time</option>
+ <option value='UM4'>(UTC -4:00) Atlantic Standard Time, Eastern Caribbean Standard Time</option>
+ <option value='UM35'>(UTC -3:30) Newfoundland Standard Time</option>
+ <option value='UM3'>(UTC -3:00) Argentina, Brazil, French Guiana, Uruguay</option>
+ <option value='UM2'>(UTC -2:00) South Georgia/South Sandwich Islands</option>
+ <option value='UM1'>(UTC -1:00) Azores, Cape Verde Islands</option>
+ <option value='UTC' selected='selected'>(UTC) Greenwich Mean Time, Western European Time</option>
+ <option value='UP1'>(UTC +1:00) Central European Time, West Africa Time</option>
+ <option value='UP2'>(UTC +2:00) Central Africa Time, Eastern European Time, Kaliningrad Time</option>
+ <option value='UP3'>(UTC +3:00) Moscow Time, East Africa Time</option>
+ <option value='UP35'>(UTC +3:30) Iran Standard Time</option>
+ <option value='UP4'>(UTC +4:00) Azerbaijan Standard Time, Samara Time</option>
+ <option value='UP45'>(UTC +4:30) Afghanistan</option>
+ <option value='UP5'>(UTC +5:00) Pakistan Standard Time, Yekaterinburg Time</option>
+ <option value='UP55'>(UTC +5:30) Indian Standard Time, Sri Lanka Time</option>
+ <option value='UP575'>(UTC +5:45) Nepal Time</option>
+ <option value='UP6'>(UTC +6:00) Bangladesh Standard Time, Bhutan Time, Omsk Time</option>
+ <option value='UP65'>(UTC +6:30) Cocos Islands, Myanmar</option>
+ <option value='UP7'>(UTC +7:00) Krasnoyarsk Time, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam</option>
+ <option value='UP8'>(UTC +8:00) Australian Western Standard Time, Beijing Time, Irkutsk Time</option>
+ <option value='UP875'>(UTC +8:45) Australian Central Western Standard Time</option>
+ <option value='UP9'>(UTC +9:00) Japan Standard Time, Korea Standard Time, Yakutsk Time</option>
+ <option value='UP95'>(UTC +9:30) Australian Central Standard Time</option>
+ <option value='UP10'>(UTC +10:00) Australian Eastern Standard Time, Vladivostok Time</option>
+ <option value='UP105'>(UTC +10:30) Lord Howe Island</option>
+ <option value='UP11'>(UTC +11:00) Srednekolymsk Time, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu</option>
+ <option value='UP115'>(UTC +11:30) Norfolk Island</option>
+ <option value='UP12'>(UTC +12:00) Fiji, Gilbert Islands, Kamchatka Time, New Zealand Standard Time</option>
+ <option value='UP1275'>(UTC +12:45) Chatham Islands Standard Time</option>
+ <option value='UP13'>(UTC +13:00) Phoenix Islands Time, Tonga</option>
+ <option value='UP14'>(UTC +14:00) Line Islands</option>
+ </select>
+</form><p>This menu is useful if you run a membership site in which your users are
+allowed to set their local timezone value.</p>
+<p>The first parameter lets you set the “selected” state of the menu. For
+example, to set Pacific time as the default you will do this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">timezone_menu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;UM8&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Please see the timezone reference below to see the values of this menu.</p>
+<p>The second parameter lets you set a CSS class name for the menu.</p>
+<p>The fourth parameter lets you set one or more attributes on the generated select tag.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">The text contained in the menu is found in the following
+language file: <cite>language/&lt;your_lang&gt;/date_lang.php</cite></p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="timezone-reference">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Timezone Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#timezone-reference" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following table indicates each timezone and its location.</p>
+<p>Note some of the location lists have been abridged for clarity and formatting.</p>
+<table border="1" class="docutils">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="14%" />
+<col width="86%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Time Zone</th>
+<th class="head">Location</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UM12</td>
+<td>(UTC - 12:00) Baker/Howland Island</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UM11</td>
+<td>(UTC - 11:00) Samoa Time Zone, Niue</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UM10</td>
+<td>(UTC - 10:00) Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time, Cook Islands</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UM95</td>
+<td>(UTC - 09:30) Marquesas Islands</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UM9</td>
+<td>(UTC - 09:00) Alaska Standard Time, Gambier Islands</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UM8</td>
+<td>(UTC - 08:00) Pacific Standard Time, Clipperton Island</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UM7</td>
+<td>(UTC - 07:00) Mountain Standard Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UM6</td>
+<td>(UTC - 06:00) Central Standard Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UM5</td>
+<td>(UTC - 05:00) Eastern Standard Time, Western Caribbean</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UM45</td>
+<td>(UTC - 04:30) Venezuelan Standard Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UM4</td>
+<td>(UTC - 04:00) Atlantic Standard Time, Eastern Caribbean</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UM35</td>
+<td>(UTC - 03:30) Newfoundland Standard Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UM3</td>
+<td>(UTC - 03:00) Argentina, Brazil, French Guiana, Uruguay</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UM2</td>
+<td>(UTC - 02:00) South Georgia/South Sandwich Islands</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UM1</td>
+<td>(UTC -1:00) Azores, Cape Verde Islands</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UTC</td>
+<td>(UTC) Greenwich Mean Time, Western European Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UP1</td>
+<td>(UTC +1:00) Central European Time, West Africa Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP2</td>
+<td>(UTC +2:00) Central Africa Time, Eastern European Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UP3</td>
+<td>(UTC +3:00) Moscow Time, East Africa Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP35</td>
+<td>(UTC +3:30) Iran Standard Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UP4</td>
+<td>(UTC +4:00) Azerbaijan Standard Time, Samara Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP45</td>
+<td>(UTC +4:30) Afghanistan</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UP5</td>
+<td>(UTC +5:00) Pakistan Standard Time, Yekaterinburg Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP55</td>
+<td>(UTC +5:30) Indian Standard Time, Sri Lanka Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UP575</td>
+<td>(UTC +5:45) Nepal Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP6</td>
+<td>(UTC +6:00) Bangladesh Standard Time, Bhutan Time, Omsk Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UP65</td>
+<td>(UTC +6:30) Cocos Islands, Myanmar</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP7</td>
+<td>(UTC +7:00) Krasnoyarsk Time, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UP8</td>
+<td>(UTC +8:00) Australian Western Standard Time, Beijing Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP875</td>
+<td>(UTC +8:45) Australian Central Western Standard Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UP9</td>
+<td>(UTC +9:00) Japan Standard Time, Korea Standard Time, Yakutsk</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP95</td>
+<td>(UTC +9:30) Australian Central Standard Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UP10</td>
+<td>(UTC +10:00) Australian Eastern Standard Time, Vladivostok Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP105</td>
+<td>(UTC +10:30) Lord Howe Island</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UP11</td>
+<td>(UTC +11:00) Srednekolymsk Time, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP115</td>
+<td>(UTC +11:30) Norfolk Island</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UP12</td>
+<td>(UTC +12:00) Fiji, Gilbert Islands, Kamchatka, New Zealand</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP1275</td>
+<td>(UTC +12:45) Chatham Islands Standard Time</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>UP13</td>
+<td>(UTC +13:00) Phoenix Islands Time, Tonga</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>UP14</td>
+<td>(UTC +14:00) Line Islands</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
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+
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diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/directory_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/directory_helper.html
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+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Directory Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
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+ <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
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+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>Directory Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
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+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="directory-helper">
+<h1>Directory Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#directory-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The Directory Helper file contains functions that assist in working with
+directories.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;directory&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="directory_map">
+<code class="descname">directory_map</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$source_dir</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$directory_depth = 0</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$hidden = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#directory_map" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$source_dir</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Path to the source directory</li>
+<li><strong>$directory_depth</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Depth of directories to traverse (0 = fully recursive, 1 = current dir, etc)</li>
+<li><strong>$hidden</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to include hidden directories</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An array of files</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Examples:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$map</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">directory_map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./mydirectory/&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">Paths are almost always relative to your main index.php file.</p>
+</div>
+<p>Sub-folders contained within the directory will be mapped as well. If
+you wish to control the recursion depth, you can do so using the second
+parameter (integer). A depth of 1 will only map the top level directory:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$map</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">directory_map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./mydirectory/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>By default, hidden files will not be included in the returned array. To
+override this behavior, you may set a third parameter to true (boolean):</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$map</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">directory_map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./mydirectory/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Each folder name will be an array index, while its contained files will
+be numerically indexed. Here is an example of a typical array:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">Array</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">libraries</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">Array</span>
+ <span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">benchmark</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;database/&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">Array</span>
+ <span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">query_builder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">binds</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">configuration</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">connecting</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">examples</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">fields</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">queries</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">)</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">email</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">file_uploading</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">image_lib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">input</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">language</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">loader</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">pagination</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nx">uri</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">html</span>
+ <span class="p">)</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="download_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Download Helper">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+
+
+ <a href="date_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Date Helper"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <hr/>
+
+ <div role="contentinfo">
+ <p>
+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+ Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
+
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+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
+ URL_ROOT:'../',
+ VERSION:'3.1.9',
+ COLLAPSE_INDEX:false,
+ FILE_SUFFIX:'.html',
+ HAS_SOURCE: false
+ };
+ </script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/theme.js"></script>
+
+
+
+
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ jQuery(function () {
+ SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable();
+ });
+ </script>
+
+
+</body>
+</html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/download_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/download_helper.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..daa30b857
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/helpers/download_helper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+
+ <title>Download Helper &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
+
+
+
+
+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+
+
+
+ <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
+
+
+
+ <link rel="index" title="Index"
+ href="../genindex.html"/>
+ <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
+ <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
+ <link rel="up" title="Helpers" href="index.html"/>
+ <link rel="next" title="Email Helper" href="email_helper.html"/>
+ <link rel="prev" title="Directory Helper" href="directory_helper.html"/>
+
+
+ <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
+
+</head>
+
+<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
+
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+
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+ <div id="pulldown-menu" class="ciNav">
+ <ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ </div>
+</div>
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+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
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+
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+
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+ <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
+ </nav>
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+
+
+ <div class="wy-nav-content">
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+ <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>Download Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
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+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="download-helper">
+<h1>Download Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#download-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The Download Helper lets you download data to your desktop.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;download&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="force_download">
+<code class="descname">force_download</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$filename = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$set_mime = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#force_download" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$filename</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Filename</li>
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – File contents</li>
+<li><strong>$set_mime</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to try to send the actual MIME type</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Generates server headers which force data to be downloaded to your
+desktop. Useful with file downloads. The first parameter is the <strong>name
+you want the downloaded file to be named</strong>, the second parameter is the
+file data.</p>
+<p>If you set the second parameter to NULL and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$filename</span></code> is an existing, readable
+file path, then its content will be read instead.</p>
+<p>If you set the third parameter to boolean TRUE, then the actual file MIME type
+(based on the filename extension) will be sent, so that if your browser has a
+handler for that type - it can use it.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Here is some text!&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mytext.txt&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nx">force_download</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>If you want to download an existing file from your server you’ll need to
+do the following:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Contents of photo.jpg will be automatically read</span>
+<span class="nx">force_download</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/path/to/photo.jpg&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="email_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Email Helper">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+
+
+ <a href="directory_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Directory Helper"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <hr/>
+
+ <div role="contentinfo">
+ <p>
+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+ Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
+
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+ URL_ROOT:'../',
+ VERSION:'3.1.9',
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+ FILE_SUFFIX:'.html',
+ HAS_SOURCE: false
+ };
+ </script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
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diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/email_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/email_helper.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a534782d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/helpers/email_helper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+
+ <title>Email Helper &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
+
+
+
+
+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+
+
+
+ <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
+
+
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+
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+
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
+
+
+
+ <link rel="index" title="Index"
+ href="../genindex.html"/>
+ <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
+ <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
+ <link rel="up" title="Helpers" href="index.html"/>
+ <link rel="next" title="File Helper" href="file_helper.html"/>
+ <link rel="prev" title="Download Helper" href="download_helper.html"/>
+
+
+ <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
+
+</head>
+
+<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ </div>
+</div>
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+</ul>
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+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
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+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>Email Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
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+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="email-helper">
+<h1>Email Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#email-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The Email Helper provides some assistive functions for working with
+Email. For a more robust email solution, see CodeIgniter’s <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html"><span class="doc">Email
+Class</span></a>.</p>
+<div class="admonition important">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
+<p class="last">The Email helper is DEPRECATED and is currently
+only kept for backwards compatibility.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="valid_email">
+<code class="descname">valid_email</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$email</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#valid_email" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$email</strong> (<em>string</em>) – E-mail address</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if a valid email is supplied, FALSE otherwise</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Checks if the input is a correctly formatted e-mail address. Note that is
+doesn’t actually prove that the address will be able recieve mail, but
+simply that it is a validly formed address.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">valid_email</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email@somesite.com&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
+<span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;email is valid&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="k">else</span>
+<span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;email is not valid&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p>All that this function does is to use PHP’s native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter_var()</span></code>:</p>
+<div class="last highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">bool</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nb">filter_var</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$email</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="send_email">
+<code class="descname">send_email</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$recipient</em>, <em>$subject</em>, <em>$message</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#send_email" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$recipient</strong> (<em>string</em>) – E-mail address</li>
+<li><strong>$subject</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Mail subject</li>
+<li><strong>$message</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Message body</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if the mail was successfully sent, FALSE in case of an error</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Sends an email using PHP’s native <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/function.mail">mail()</a>
+function.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p>All that this function does is to use PHP’s native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mail</span></code></p>
+<div class="last highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">mail</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$recipient</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$subject</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$message</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<p>For a more robust email solution, see CodeIgniter’s <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html"><span class="doc">Email Library</span></a>.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="file_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="File Helper">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+
+
+ <a href="download_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Download Helper"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <hr/>
+
+ <div role="contentinfo">
+ <p>
+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+ Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
+
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+ URL_ROOT:'../',
+ VERSION:'3.1.9',
+ COLLAPSE_INDEX:false,
+ FILE_SUFFIX:'.html',
+ HAS_SOURCE: false
+ };
+ </script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
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+ jQuery(function () {
+ SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable();
+ });
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+
+
+</body>
+</html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/file_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/file_helper.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f48770ebf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/helpers/file_helper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,829 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+
+ <title>File Helper &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
+
+
+
+
+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+
+
+
+ <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
+
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+
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
+
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+
+ <link rel="index" title="Index"
+ href="../genindex.html"/>
+ <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
+ <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
+ <link rel="up" title="Helpers" href="index.html"/>
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+ <link rel="prev" title="Email Helper" href="email_helper.html"/>
+
+
+ <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
+
+</head>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
+</ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
+</ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
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+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ </div>
+</div>
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+</ul>
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+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">File Helper</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
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+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>File Helper</li>
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+
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+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="file-helper">
+<h1>File Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#file-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The File Helper file contains functions that assist in working with files.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;file&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="read_file">
+<code class="descname">read_file</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$file</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#read_file" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$file</strong> (<em>string</em>) – File path</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">File contents or FALSE on failure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns the data contained in the file specified in the path.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">read_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./path/to/file.php&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The path can be a relative or full server path. Returns FALSE (boolean) on failure.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">The path is relative to your main site index.php file, NOT your
+controller or view files. CodeIgniter uses a front controller so paths
+are always relative to the main site index.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">This function is DEPRECATED. Use the native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">file_get_contents()</span></code>
+instead.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition important">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
+<p class="last">If your server is running an <strong>open_basedir</strong> restriction this
+function might not work if you are trying to access a file above the
+calling script.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="write_file">
+<code class="descname">write_file</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$path</em>, <em>$data</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$mode = 'wb'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#write_file" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$path</strong> (<em>string</em>) – File path</li>
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Data to write to file</li>
+<li><strong>$mode</strong> (<em>string</em>) – <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fopen()</span></code> mode</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if the write was successful, FALSE in case of an error</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Writes data to the file specified in the path. If the file does not exist then the
+function will create it.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Some file data&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="o">!</span> <span class="nx">write_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./path/to/file.php&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">))</span>
+<span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Unable to write the file&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="k">else</span>
+<span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;File written!&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>You can optionally set the write mode via the third parameter:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">write_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./path/to/file.php&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;r+&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The default mode is ‘wb’. Please see the <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/manual/en/function.fopen.php">PHP user guide</a>
+for mode options.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">The path is relative to your main site index.php file, NOT your
+controller or view files. CodeIgniter uses a front controller so paths
+are always relative to the main site index.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">This function acquires an exclusive lock on the file while writing to it.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="delete_files">
+<code class="descname">delete_files</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$path</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$del_dir = FALSE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$htdocs = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#delete_files" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$path</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Directory path</li>
+<li><strong>$del_dir</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to also delete directories</li>
+<li><strong>$htdocs</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to skip deleting .htaccess and index page files</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE in case of an error</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Deletes ALL files contained in the supplied path.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">delete_files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./path/to/directory/&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>If the second parameter is set to TRUE, any directories contained within the supplied
+root path will be deleted as well.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">delete_files</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./path/to/directory/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">The files must be writable or owned by the system in order to be deleted.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="get_filenames">
+<code class="descname">get_filenames</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$source_dir</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$include_path = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#get_filenames" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$source_dir</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Directory path</li>
+<li><strong>$include_path</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to include the path as part of the filenames</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An array of file names</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes a server path as input and returns an array containing the names of all files
+contained within it. The file path can optionally be added to the file names by setting
+the second parameter to TRUE.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$controllers</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">get_filenames</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">APPPATH</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s1">&#39;controllers/&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="get_dir_file_info">
+<code class="descname">get_dir_file_info</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$source_dir</em>, <em>$top_level_only</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#get_dir_file_info" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$source_dir</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Directory path</li>
+<li><strong>$top_level_only</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to look only at the specified directory (excluding sub-directories)</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An array containing info on the supplied directory’s contents</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Reads the specified directory and builds an array containing the filenames, filesize,
+dates, and permissions. Sub-folders contained within the specified path are only read
+if forced by sending the second parameter to FALSE, as this can be an intensive
+operation.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$models_info</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">get_dir_file_info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">APPPATH</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s1">&#39;models/&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="get_file_info">
+<code class="descname">get_file_info</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$file</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$returned_values = array('name'</em>, <em>'server_path'</em>, <em>'size'</em>, <em>'date')</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#get_file_info" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$file</strong> (<em>string</em>) – File path</li>
+<li><strong>$returned_values</strong> (<em>array</em>) – What type of info to return</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An array containing info on the specified file or FALSE on failure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Given a file and path, returns (optionally) the <em>name</em>, <em>path</em>, <em>size</em> and <em>date modified</em>
+information attributes for a file. Second parameter allows you to explicitly declare what
+information you want returned.</p>
+<p>Valid <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$returned_values</span></code> options are: <cite>name</cite>, <cite>size</cite>, <cite>date</cite>, <cite>readable</cite>, <cite>writeable</cite>,
+<cite>executable</cite> and <cite>fileperms</cite>.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="get_mime_by_extension">
+<code class="descname">get_mime_by_extension</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$filename</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#get_mime_by_extension" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$filename</strong> (<em>string</em>) – File name</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">MIME type string or FALSE on failure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Translates a filename extension into a MIME type based on <em>config/mimes.php</em>.
+Returns FALSE if it can’t determine the type, or read the MIME config file.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$file</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;somefile.png&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$file</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s1">&#39; is has a mime type of &#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">get_mime_by_extension</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$file</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">This is not an accurate way of determining file MIME types, and
+is here strictly for convenience. It should not be used for security
+purposes.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="symbolic_permissions">
+<code class="descname">symbolic_permissions</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$perms</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#symbolic_permissions" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$perms</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Permissions</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Symbolic permissions string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes numeric permissions (such as is returned by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fileperms()</span></code>) and returns
+standard symbolic notation of file permissions.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">symbolic_permissions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">fileperms</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./index.php&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span> <span class="c1">// -rw-r--r--</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="octal_permissions">
+<code class="descname">octal_permissions</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$perms</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#octal_permissions" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$perms</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Permissions</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Octal permissions string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes numeric permissions (such as is returned by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fileperms()</span></code>) and returns
+a three character octal notation of file permissions.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">octal_permissions</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">fileperms</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;./index.php&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span> <span class="c1">// 644</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="form_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Form Helper">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+
+
+ <a href="email_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Email Helper"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <hr/>
+
+ <div role="contentinfo">
+ <p>
+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+ Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
+
+</footer>
+ </div>
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+
+ </section>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
+ URL_ROOT:'../',
+ VERSION:'3.1.9',
+ COLLAPSE_INDEX:false,
+ FILE_SUFFIX:'.html',
+ HAS_SOURCE: false
+ };
+ </script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
+
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+
+
+
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/theme.js"></script>
+
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+
+
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ jQuery(function () {
+ SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable();
+ });
+ </script>
+
+
+</body>
+</html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/form_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/form_helper.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7bf03210
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/helpers/form_helper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1598 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+
+ <title>Form Helper &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
+
+
+
+
+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+
+
+
+ <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
+
+
+
+ <link rel="index" title="Index"
+ href="../genindex.html"/>
+ <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
+ <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
+ <link rel="up" title="Helpers" href="index.html"/>
+ <link rel="next" title="HTML Helper" href="html_helper.html"/>
+ <link rel="prev" title="File Helper" href="file_helper.html"/>
+
+
+ <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
+
+</head>
+
+<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
+
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+ <div id="nav_inner">
+
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+ <div id="pulldown-menu" class="ciNav">
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+ </div>
+ &nbsp;
+ </nav>
+
+ <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
+
+
+ <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
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+ <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
+ </nav>
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+
+
+ <div class="wy-nav-content">
+ <div class="rst-content">
+ <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
+ <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>Form Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
+ </ul>
+ <hr/>
+</div>
+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="form-helper">
+<h1>Form Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#form-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The Form Helper file contains functions that assist in working with
+forms.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#escaping-field-values" id="id2">Escaping field values</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id3">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;form&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="escaping-field-values">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Escaping field values</a><a class="headerlink" href="#escaping-field-values" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>You may need to use HTML and characters such as quotes within your form
+elements. In order to do that safely, you’ll need to use
+<a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html"><span class="doc">common function</span></a>
+<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></code>.</p>
+<p>Consider the following example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Here is a string containing &quot;quoted&quot; text.&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+
+<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;myfield&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?php echo </span><span class="si">$string</span><span class="s2">; ?&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Since the above string contains a set of quotes, it will cause the form
+to break. The <a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html#html_escape" title="html_escape"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></code></a> function converts HTML special
+characters so that it can be used safely:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;myfield&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?php echo html_escape(</span><span class="si">$string</span><span class="s2">); ?&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">If you use any of the form helper functions listed on this page,
+the form values will be automatically escaped, so there is no need
+to call this function. Use it only if you are creating your own
+form elements.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_open">
+<code class="descname">form_open</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$action = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$hidden = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_open" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$action</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Form action/target URI string</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>array</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
+<li><strong>$hidden</strong> (<em>array</em>) – An array of hidden fields’ definitions</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML form opening tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Creates an opening form tag with a base URL <strong>built from your config preferences</strong>.
+It will optionally let you add form attributes and hidden input fields, and
+will always add the <cite>accept-charset</cite> attribute based on the charset value in your
+config file.</p>
+<p>The main benefit of using this tag rather than hard coding your own HTML is that
+it permits your site to be more portable in the event your URLs ever change.</p>
+<p>Here’s a simple example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email/send&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above example would create a form that points to your base URL plus the
+“email/send” URI segments, like this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">form</span> <span class="nx">method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;post&quot;</span> <span class="nx">accept</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">charset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span> <span class="nx">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com/index.php/email/send&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p><strong>Adding Attributes</strong></p>
+<blockquote>
+<div><p>Attributes can be added by passing an associative array to the second
+parameter, like this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$attributes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;myform&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email/send&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$attributes</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Alternatively, you can specify the second parameter as a string:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email/send&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;class=&quot;email&quot; id=&quot;myform&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above examples would create a form similar to this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">form</span> <span class="nx">method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;post&quot;</span> <span class="nx">accept</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">charset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span> <span class="nx">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com/index.php/email/send&quot;</span> <span class="nx">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;email&quot;</span> <span class="nx">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;myform&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div></blockquote>
+<p><strong>Adding Hidden Input Fields</strong></p>
+<blockquote>
+<div><p>Hidden fields can be added by passing an associative array to the
+third parameter, like this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$hidden</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Joe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;member_id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;234&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;email/send&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$hidden</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>You can skip the second parameter by passing any falsy value to it.</p>
+<p>The above example would create a form similar to this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">form</span> <span class="nx">method</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;post&quot;</span> <span class="nx">accept</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">charset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;utf-8&quot;</span> <span class="nx">action</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com/index.php/email/send&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;hidden&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;username&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Joe&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
+ <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;hidden&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;member_id&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;234&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div></blockquote>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_open_multipart">
+<code class="descname">form_open_multipart</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$action = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = array()</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$hidden = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_open_multipart" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$action</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Form action/target URI string</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>array</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
+<li><strong>$hidden</strong> (<em>array</em>) – An array of hidden fields’ definitions</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML multipart form opening tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This function is absolutely identical to <a class="reference internal" href="#form_open" title="form_open"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_open()</span></code></a> above,
+except that it adds a <em>multipart</em> attribute, which is necessary if you
+would like to use the form to upload files with.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_hidden">
+<code class="descname">form_hidden</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$name</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_hidden" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field name</li>
+<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field value</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML hidden input field tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you generate hidden input fields. You can either submit a
+name/value string to create one field:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">form_hidden</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;johndoe&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;username&quot; value=&quot;johndoe&quot; /&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>… or you can submit an associative array to create multiple fields:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;John Doe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;john@example.com&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;url&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_hidden</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="cm">/*</span>
+<span class="cm"> Would produce:</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;name&quot; value=&quot;John Doe&quot; /&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;email&quot; value=&quot;john@example.com&quot; /&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;url&quot; value=&quot;http://example.com&quot; /&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm">*/</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>You can also pass an associative array to the value field:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;John Doe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;john@example.com&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;url&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_hidden</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_array&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="cm">/*</span>
+<span class="cm"> Would produce:</span>
+
+<span class="cm"> &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;my_array[name]&quot; value=&quot;John Doe&quot; /&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;my_array[email]&quot; value=&quot;john@example.com&quot; /&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;my_array[url]&quot; value=&quot;http://example.com&quot; /&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm">*/</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>If you want to create hidden input fields with extra attributes:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;type&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;hidden&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;hiddenemail&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;john@example.com&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;hiddenemail&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="cm">/*</span>
+<span class="cm"> Would produce:</span>
+
+<span class="cm"> &lt;input type=&quot;hidden&quot; name=&quot;email&quot; value=&quot;john@example.com&quot; id=&quot;hiddenemail&quot; class=&quot;hiddenemail&quot; /&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm">*/</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_input">
+<code class="descname">form_input</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_input" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) – Field attributes data</li>
+<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field value</li>
+<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML text input field tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you generate a standard text input field. You can minimally pass
+the field name and value in the first and second parameter:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;johndoe&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Or you can pass an associative array containing any data you wish your
+form to contain:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;johndoe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;maxlength&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;100&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;size&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;50&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;style&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;width:50%&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="cm">/*</span>
+<span class="cm"> Would produce:</span>
+
+<span class="cm"> &lt;input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;username&quot; value=&quot;johndoe&quot; id=&quot;username&quot; maxlength=&quot;100&quot; size=&quot;50&quot; style=&quot;width:50%&quot; /&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm">*/</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>If you would like your form to contain some additional data, like
+JavaScript, you can pass it as a string in the third parameter:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$js</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;onClick=&quot;some_function()&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;johndoe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$js</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Or you can pass it as an array:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$js</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;onClick&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;some_function();&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;johndoe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$js</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_password">
+<code class="descname">form_password</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_password" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) – Field attributes data</li>
+<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field value</li>
+<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML password input field tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This function is identical in all respects to the <a class="reference internal" href="#form_input" title="form_input"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_input()</span></code></a>
+function above except that it uses the “password” input type.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_upload">
+<code class="descname">form_upload</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_upload" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) – Field attributes data</li>
+<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field value</li>
+<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML file upload input field tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This function is identical in all respects to the <a class="reference internal" href="#form_input" title="form_input"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_input()</span></code></a>
+function above except that it uses the “file” input type, allowing it to
+be used to upload files.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_textarea">
+<code class="descname">form_textarea</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_textarea" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) – Field attributes data</li>
+<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field value</li>
+<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML textarea tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This function is identical in all respects to the <a class="reference internal" href="#form_input" title="form_input"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_input()</span></code></a>
+function above except that it generates a “textarea” type.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">Instead of the <em>maxlength</em> and <em>size</em> attributes in the above example,
+you will instead specify <em>rows</em> and <em>cols</em>.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_dropdown">
+<code class="descname">form_dropdown</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$name = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$options = array()</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$selected = array()</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_dropdown" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field name</li>
+<li><strong>$options</strong> (<em>array</em>) – An associative array of options to be listed</li>
+<li><strong>$selected</strong> (<em>array</em>) – List of fields to mark with the <em>selected</em> attribute</li>
+<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML dropdown select field tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you create a standard drop-down field. The first parameter will
+contain the name of the field, the second parameter will contain an
+associative array of options, and the third parameter will contain the
+value you wish to be selected. You can also pass an array of multiple
+items through the third parameter, and CodeIgniter will create a
+multiple select for you.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$options</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;small&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Small Shirt&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;med&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Medium Shirt&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;large&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Large Shirt&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;xlarge&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Extra Large Shirt&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="nv">$shirts_on_sale</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;small&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;large&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_dropdown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;shirts&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$options</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;large&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="cm">/*</span>
+<span class="cm"> Would produce:</span>
+
+<span class="cm"> &lt;select name=&quot;shirts&quot;&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;option value=&quot;small&quot;&gt;Small Shirt&lt;/option&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;option value=&quot;med&quot;&gt;Medium Shirt&lt;/option&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;option value=&quot;large&quot; selected=&quot;selected&quot;&gt;Large Shirt&lt;/option&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;option value=&quot;xlarge&quot;&gt;Extra Large Shirt&lt;/option&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;/select&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm">*/</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_dropdown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;shirts&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$options</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$shirts_on_sale</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="cm">/*</span>
+<span class="cm"> Would produce:</span>
+
+<span class="cm"> &lt;select name=&quot;shirts&quot; multiple=&quot;multiple&quot;&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;option value=&quot;small&quot; selected=&quot;selected&quot;&gt;Small Shirt&lt;/option&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;option value=&quot;med&quot;&gt;Medium Shirt&lt;/option&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;option value=&quot;large&quot; selected=&quot;selected&quot;&gt;Large Shirt&lt;/option&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;option value=&quot;xlarge&quot;&gt;Extra Large Shirt&lt;/option&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;/select&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm">*/</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>If you would like the opening &lt;select&gt; to contain additional data, like
+an id attribute or JavaScript, you can pass it as a string in the fourth
+parameter:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$js</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;id=&quot;shirts&quot; onChange=&quot;some_function();&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_dropdown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;shirts&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$options</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;large&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$js</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Or you can pass it as an array:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$js</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;shirts&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;onChange&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;some_function();&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_dropdown</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;shirts&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$options</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;large&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$js</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>If the array passed as <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$options</span></code> is a multidimensional array, then
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_dropdown()</span></code> will produce an &lt;optgroup&gt; with the array key as the
+label.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_multiselect">
+<code class="descname">form_multiselect</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$name = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$options = array()</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$selected = array()</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_multiselect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field name</li>
+<li><strong>$options</strong> (<em>array</em>) – An associative array of options to be listed</li>
+<li><strong>$selected</strong> (<em>array</em>) – List of fields to mark with the <em>selected</em> attribute</li>
+<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML dropdown multiselect field tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you create a standard multiselect field. The first parameter will
+contain the name of the field, the second parameter will contain an
+associative array of options, and the third parameter will contain the
+value or values you wish to be selected.</p>
+<p>The parameter usage is identical to using <a class="reference internal" href="#form_dropdown" title="form_dropdown"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_dropdown()</span></code></a> above,
+except of course that the name of the field will need to use POST array
+syntax, e.g. foo[].</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_fieldset">
+<code class="descname">form_fieldset</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$legend_text = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_fieldset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$legend_text</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Text to put in the &lt;legend&gt; tag</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>array</em>) – Attributes to be set on the &lt;fieldset&gt; tag</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML fieldset opening tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you generate fieldset/legend fields.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_fieldset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Address Information&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;p&gt;fieldset content here&lt;/p&gt;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_fieldset_close</span><span class="p">();</span>
+
+<span class="cm">/*</span>
+<span class="cm"> Produces:</span>
+
+<span class="cm"> &lt;fieldset&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;legend&gt;Address Information&lt;/legend&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;p&gt;form content here&lt;/p&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;/fieldset&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm">*/</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Similar to other functions, you can submit an associative array in the
+second parameter if you prefer to set additional attributes:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$attributes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;address_info&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;address_info&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_fieldset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Address Information&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$attributes</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s2">&quot;&lt;p&gt;fieldset content here&lt;/p&gt;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_fieldset_close</span><span class="p">();</span>
+
+<span class="cm">/*</span>
+<span class="cm"> Produces:</span>
+
+<span class="cm"> &lt;fieldset id=&quot;address_info&quot; class=&quot;address_info&quot;&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;legend&gt;Address Information&lt;/legend&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;p&gt;form content here&lt;/p&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;/fieldset&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm">*/</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_fieldset_close">
+<code class="descname">form_fieldset_close</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_fieldset_close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Anything to append after the closing tag, <em>as is</em></li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML fieldset closing tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Produces a closing &lt;/fieldset&gt; tag. The only advantage to using this
+function is it permits you to pass data to it which will be added below
+the tag. For example</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_fieldset_close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;/fieldset&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_checkbox">
+<code class="descname">form_checkbox</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$checked = FALSE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_checkbox" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) – Field attributes data</li>
+<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field value</li>
+<li><strong>$checked</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to mark the checkbox as being <em>checked</em></li>
+<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML checkbox input tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you generate a checkbox field. Simple example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_checkbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;newsletter&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;accept&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;input type=&quot;checkbox&quot; name=&quot;newsletter&quot; value=&quot;accept&quot; checked=&quot;checked&quot; /&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The third parameter contains a boolean TRUE/FALSE to determine whether
+the box should be checked or not.</p>
+<p>Similar to the other form functions in this helper, you can also pass an
+array of attributes to the function:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;newsletter&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;newsletter&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;accept&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;checked&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;style&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;margin:10px&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_checkbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;input type=&quot;checkbox&quot; name=&quot;newsletter&quot; id=&quot;newsletter&quot; value=&quot;accept&quot; checked=&quot;checked&quot; style=&quot;margin:10px&quot; /&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Also as with other functions, if you would like the tag to contain
+additional data like JavaScript, you can pass it as a string in the
+fourth parameter:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$js</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;onClick=&quot;some_function()&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_checkbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;newsletter&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;accept&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$js</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Or you can pass it as an array:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$js</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;onClick&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;some_function();&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_checkbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;newsletter&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;accept&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$js</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_radio">
+<code class="descname">form_radio</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$checked = FALSE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_radio" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) – Field attributes data</li>
+<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field value</li>
+<li><strong>$checked</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to mark the radio button as being <em>checked</em></li>
+<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML radio input tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This function is identical in all respects to the <a class="reference internal" href="#form_checkbox" title="form_checkbox"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_checkbox()</span></code></a>
+function above except that it uses the “radio” input type.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_label">
+<code class="descname">form_label</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$label_text = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$id = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_label" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$label_text</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Text to put in the &lt;label&gt; tag</li>
+<li><strong>$id</strong> (<em>string</em>) – ID of the form element that we’re making a label for</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML field label tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you generate a &lt;label&gt;. Simple example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;What is your Name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;label for=&quot;username&quot;&gt;What is your Name&lt;/label&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Similar to other functions, you can submit an associative array in the
+third parameter if you prefer to set additional attributes.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$attributes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mycustomclass&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;style&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;color: #000;&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;What is your Name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$attributes</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;label for=&quot;username&quot; class=&quot;mycustomclass&quot; style=&quot;color: #000;&quot;&gt;What is your Name&lt;/label&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_submit">
+<code class="descname">form_submit</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_submit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Button name</li>
+<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Button value</li>
+<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML input submit tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you generate a standard submit button. Simple example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_submit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;mysubmit&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Submit Post!&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;input type=&quot;submit&quot; name=&quot;mysubmit&quot; value=&quot;Submit Post!&quot; /&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Similar to other functions, you can submit an associative array in the
+first parameter if you prefer to set your own attributes. The third
+parameter lets you add extra data to your form, like JavaScript.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_reset">
+<code class="descname">form_reset</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_reset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Button name</li>
+<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Button value</li>
+<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML input reset button tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you generate a standard reset button. Use is identical to
+<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_submit()</span></code>.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_button">
+<code class="descname">form_button</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$content = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_button" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Button name</li>
+<li><strong>$content</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Button label</li>
+<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Extra attributes to be added to the tag either as an array or a literal string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML button tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you generate a standard button element. You can minimally pass the
+button name and content in the first and second parameter:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;button name=&quot;name&quot; type=&quot;button&quot;&gt;Content&lt;/button&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Or you can pass an associative array containing any data you wish your
+form to contain:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;button&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;button&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;true&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;type&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;reset&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Reset&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;button name=&quot;button&quot; id=&quot;button&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; type=&quot;reset&quot;&gt;Reset&lt;/button&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>If you would like your form to contain some additional data, like
+JavaScript, you can pass it as a string in the third parameter:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$js</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;onClick=&quot;some_function()&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;mybutton&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Click Me&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$js</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_close">
+<code class="descname">form_close</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$extra = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$extra</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Anything to append after the closing tag, <em>as is</em></li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An HTML form closing tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Produces a closing &lt;/form&gt; tag. The only advantage to using this
+function is it permits you to pass data to it which will be added below
+the tag. For example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_close</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;/form&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="set_value">
+<code class="descname">set_value</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$field</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$default = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$html_escape = TRUE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#set_value" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$field</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field name</li>
+<li><strong>$default</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Default value</li>
+<li><strong>$html_escape</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to turn off HTML escaping of the value</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Field value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Permits you to set the value of an input form or textarea. You must
+supply the field name via the first parameter of the function. The
+second (optional) parameter allows you to set a default value for the
+form. The third (optional) parameter allows you to turn off HTML escaping
+of the value, in case you need to use this function in combination with
+i.e. <a class="reference internal" href="#form_input" title="form_input"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_input()</span></code></a> and avoid double-escaping.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;text&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;quantity&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?php echo set_value(&#39;quantity&#39;, &#39;0&#39;); ?&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="nx">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;50&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above form will show “0” when loaded for the first time.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">If you’ve loaded the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><span class="doc">Form Validation Library</span></a> and
+have set a validation rule for the field name in use with this helper, then it will
+forward the call to the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><span class="doc">Form Validation Library</span></a>’s
+own <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_value()</span></code> method. Otherwise, this function looks in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_POST</span></code> for the
+field value.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="set_select">
+<code class="descname">set_select</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$field</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$default = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#set_select" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$field</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field name</li>
+<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Value to check for</li>
+<li><strong>$default</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Whether the value is also a default one</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">‘selected’ attribute or an empty string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>If you use a &lt;select&gt; menu, this function permits you to display the
+menu item that was selected.</p>
+<p>The first parameter must contain the name of the select menu, the second
+parameter must contain the value of each item, and the third (optional)
+parameter lets you set an item as the default (use boolean TRUE/FALSE).</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">select</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;myselect&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">option</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;one&quot;</span> <span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myselect&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;one&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span> &gt;One<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">option</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">option</span> <span class="na">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;two&quot;</span> <span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myselect&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;two&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span> <span class="p">&gt;</span>Two<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">option</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">option</span> <span class="na">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;three&quot;</span> <span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_select</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myselect&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;three&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span> <span class="p">&gt;</span>Three<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">option</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">select</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="set_checkbox">
+<code class="descname">set_checkbox</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$field</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$default = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#set_checkbox" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$field</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field name</li>
+<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Value to check for</li>
+<li><strong>$default</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Whether the value is also a default one</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">‘checked’ attribute or an empty string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Permits you to display a checkbox in the state it was submitted.</p>
+<p>The first parameter must contain the name of the checkbox, the second
+parameter must contain its value, and the third (optional) parameter
+lets you set an item as the default (use boolean TRUE/FALSE).</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;checkbox&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;mycheck&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;1&quot;</span> <span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_checkbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;mycheck&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span> /&gt;
+<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">input</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;checkbox&quot;</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;mycheck&quot;</span> <span class="na">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;2&quot;</span> <span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_checkbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;mycheck&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;2&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span> <span class="p">/&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="set_radio">
+<code class="descname">set_radio</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$field</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$default = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#set_radio" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$field</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field name</li>
+<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Value to check for</li>
+<li><strong>$default</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Whether the value is also a default one</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">‘checked’ attribute or an empty string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Permits you to display radio buttons in the state they were submitted.
+This function is identical to the <a class="reference internal" href="#set_checkbox" title="set_checkbox"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_checkbox()</span></code></a> function above.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;radio&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;myradio&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;1&quot;</span> <span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_radio</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myradio&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;1&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span> /&gt;
+<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">input</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;radio&quot;</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;myradio&quot;</span> <span class="na">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;2&quot;</span> <span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_radio</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myradio&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;2&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span> <span class="p">/&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">If you are using the Form Validation class, you must always specify
+a rule for your field, even if empty, in order for the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_*()</span></code>
+functions to work. This is because if a Form Validation object is
+defined, the control for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_*()</span></code> is handed over to a method of the
+class instead of the generic helper function.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_error">
+<code class="descname">form_error</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$field = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$prefix = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$suffix = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$field</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field name</li>
+<li><strong>$prefix</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Error opening tag</li>
+<li><strong>$suffix</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Error closing tag</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML-formatted form validation error message(s)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns a validation error message from the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><span class="doc">Form Validation Library</span></a>, associated with the specified field name.
+You can optionally specify opening and closing tag(s) to put around the error
+message.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Assuming that the &#39;username&#39; field value was incorrect:</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_error</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;myfield&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;div class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/div&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="c1">// Would produce: &lt;div class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;Error message associated with the &quot;username&quot; field.&lt;/div&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="validation_errors">
+<code class="descname">validation_errors</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$prefix = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$suffix = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#validation_errors" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$prefix</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Error opening tag</li>
+<li><strong>$suffix</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Error closing tag</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML-formatted form validation error message(s)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Similarly to the <a class="reference internal" href="#form_error" title="form_error"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_error()</span></code></a> function, returns all validation
+error messages produced by the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><span class="doc">Form Validation Library</span></a>, with optional opening and closing tags
+around each of the messages.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">validation_errors</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;span class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="cm">/*</span>
+<span class="cm"> Would produce, e.g.:</span>
+
+<span class="cm"> &lt;span class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;The &quot;email&quot; field doesn&#39;t contain a valid e-mail address!&lt;/span&gt;</span>
+<span class="cm"> &lt;span class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;The &quot;password&quot; field doesn&#39;t match the &quot;repeat_password&quot; field!&lt;/span&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="cm"> */</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="form_prep">
+<code class="descname">form_prep</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#form_prep" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Value to escape</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Escaped value</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Allows you to safely use HTML and characters such as quotes within form
+elements without breaking out of the form.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">If you use any of the form helper functions listed in this page the form
+values will be prepped automatically, so there is no need to call this
+function. Use it only if you are creating your own form elements.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">This function is DEPRECATED and is just an alias for
+<a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html"><span class="doc">common function</span></a>
+<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></code> - please use that instead.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="html_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="HTML Helper">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+
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+ <a href="file_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="File Helper"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
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+ <hr/>
+
+ <div role="contentinfo">
+ <p>
+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+ Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
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+ FILE_SUFFIX:'.html',
+ HAS_SOURCE: false
+ };
+ </script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
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+ jQuery(function () {
+ SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable();
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+</html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/html_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/html_helper.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c40615033
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/helpers/html_helper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1091 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+
+ <title>HTML Helper &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
+
+
+
+
+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+
+
+
+ <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
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+ <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
+ <link rel="up" title="Helpers" href="index.html"/>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
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+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">HTML Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+ </div>
+ &nbsp;
+ </nav>
+
+ <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
+
+
+ <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
+ <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
+ <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
+ </nav>
+
+
+
+ <div class="wy-nav-content">
+ <div class="rst-content">
+ <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
+ <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>HTML Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
+ </ul>
+ <hr/>
+</div>
+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="html-helper">
+<h1>HTML Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#html-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The HTML Helper file contains functions that assist in working with
+HTML.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;html&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="heading">
+<code class="descname">heading</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$data = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$h = '1'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#heading" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Content</li>
+<li><strong>$h</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Heading level</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML heading tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you create HTML heading tags. The first parameter will contain the
+data, the second the size of the heading. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">heading</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Welcome!&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above would produce: &lt;h3&gt;Welcome!&lt;/h3&gt;</p>
+<p>Additionally, in order to add attributes to the heading tag such as HTML
+classes, ids or inline styles, a third parameter accepts either a string
+or an array:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">heading</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Welcome!&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;class=&quot;pink&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">heading</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;How are you?&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;question&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;green&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above code produces:</p>
+<div class="highlight-html"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">h3</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;pink&quot;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Welcome!<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">h3</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+<span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">h4</span> <span class="na">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;question&quot;</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;green&quot;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>How are you?<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">h4</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="img">
+<code class="descname">img</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$src = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$index_page = FALSE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#img" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$src</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Image source data</li>
+<li><strong>$index_page</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to treat $src as a routed URI string</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>array</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML image tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you create HTML &lt;img /&gt; tags. The first parameter contains the
+image source. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">img</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;images/picture.jpg&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// gives &lt;img src=&quot;http://site.com/images/picture.jpg&quot; /&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>There is an optional second parameter that is a TRUE/FALSE value that
+specifics if the <em>src</em> should have the page specified by
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['index_page']</span></code> added to the address it creates.
+Presumably, this would be if you were using a media controller:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">img</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;images/picture.jpg&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// gives &lt;img src=&quot;http://site.com/index.php/images/picture.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; /&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Additionally, an associative array can be passed to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">img()</span></code> function
+for complete control over all attributes and values. If an <em>alt</em> attribute
+is not provided, CodeIgniter will generate an empty string.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$image_properties</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;src&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;images/picture.jpg&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;alt&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Me, demonstrating how to eat 4 slices of pizza at one time&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;post_images&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;width&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;200&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;height&#39;</span><span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;200&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;That was quite a night&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;rel&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;lightbox&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="nx">img</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$image_properties</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// &lt;img src=&quot;http://site.com/index.php/images/picture.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Me, demonstrating how to eat 4 slices of pizza at one time&quot; class=&quot;post_images&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; title=&quot;That was quite a night&quot; rel=&quot;lightbox&quot; /&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="link_tag">
+<code class="descname">link_tag</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$href = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$rel = 'stylesheet'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$type = 'text/css'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$title = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$media = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$index_page = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#link_tag" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$href</strong> (<em>string</em>) – What are we linking to</li>
+<li><strong>$rel</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Relation type</li>
+<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Type of the related document</li>
+<li><strong>$title</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Link title</li>
+<li><strong>$media</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Media type</li>
+<li><strong>$index_page</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to treat $src as a routed URI string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML link tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you create HTML &lt;link /&gt; tags. This is useful for stylesheet links,
+as well as other links. The parameters are <em>href</em>, with optional <em>rel</em>,
+<em>type</em>, <em>title</em>, <em>media</em> and <em>index_page</em>.</p>
+<p><em>index_page</em> is a boolean value that specifies if the <em>href</em> should have
+the page specified by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['index_page']</span></code> added to the address it creates.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">link_tag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;css/mystyles.css&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// gives &lt;link href=&quot;http://site.com/css/mystyles.css&quot; rel=&quot;stylesheet&quot; type=&quot;text/css&quot; /&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Further examples:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">link_tag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;favicon.ico&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;shortcut icon&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;image/ico&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// &lt;link href=&quot;http://site.com/favicon.ico&quot; rel=&quot;shortcut icon&quot; type=&quot;image/ico&quot; /&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">link_tag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;feed&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;alternate&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;application/rss+xml&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My RSS Feed&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// &lt;link href=&quot;http://site.com/feed&quot; rel=&quot;alternate&quot; type=&quot;application/rss+xml&quot; title=&quot;My RSS Feed&quot; /&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Additionally, an associative array can be passed to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">link()</span></code> function
+for complete control over all attributes and values:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$link</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;href&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;css/printer.css&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;rel&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;stylesheet&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;type&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;text/css&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;media&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;print&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">link_tag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$link</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// &lt;link href=&quot;http://site.com/css/printer.css&quot; rel=&quot;stylesheet&quot; type=&quot;text/css&quot; media=&quot;print&quot; /&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="ul">
+<code class="descname">ul</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$list</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ul" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$list</strong> (<em>array</em>) – List entries</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>array</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML-formatted unordered list</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Permits you to generate unordered HTML lists from simple or
+multi-dimensional arrays. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$list</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;blue&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;green&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;yellow&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="nv">$attributes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;boldlist&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mylist&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">ul</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$list</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$attributes</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above code will produce this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-html"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">ul</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;boldlist&quot;</span> <span class="na">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;mylist&quot;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>red<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>blue<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>green<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>yellow<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Here is a more complex example, using a multi-dimensional array:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$attributes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;boldlist&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mylist&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="nv">$list</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;colors&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;red&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;blue&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;green&#39;</span>
+ <span class="p">),</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;shapes&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;round&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;square&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;circles&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;ellipse&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;oval&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;sphere&#39;</span>
+ <span class="p">)</span>
+ <span class="p">),</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;moods&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;happy&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;upset&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;defeated&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;dejected&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;disheartened&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;depressed&#39;</span>
+ <span class="p">),</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;annoyed&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;cross&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;angry&#39;</span>
+ <span class="p">)</span>
+ <span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">ul</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$list</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$attributes</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above code will produce this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-html"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">ul</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;boldlist&quot;</span> <span class="na">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;mylist&quot;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>colors
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>red<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>blue<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>green<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>shapes
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>round<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>suare<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>circles
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>elipse<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>oval<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>sphere<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>moods
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>happy<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>upset
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>defeated
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>dejected<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>disheartened<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>depressed<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>annoyed<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>cross<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>angry<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="ol">
+<code class="descname">ol</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$list</em>, <em>$attributes = ''</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ol" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$list</strong> (<em>array</em>) – List entries</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>array</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML-formatted ordered list</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Identical to <a class="reference internal" href="#ul" title="ul"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">ul()</span></code></a>, only it produces the &lt;ol&gt; tag for
+ordered lists instead of &lt;ul&gt;.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="meta">
+<code class="descname">meta</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$name = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$content = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$type = 'name'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$newline = &quot;n&quot;</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#meta" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Meta name</li>
+<li><strong>$content</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Meta content</li>
+<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Meta type</li>
+<li><strong>$newline</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Newline character</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML meta tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Helps you generate meta tags. You can pass strings to the function, or
+simple arrays, or multidimensional ones.</p>
+<p>Examples:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">meta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;description&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My Great site&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Generates: &lt;meta name=&quot;description&quot; content=&quot;My Great Site&quot; /&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">meta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Content-type&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;text/html; charset=utf-8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;equiv&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Note the third parameter. Can be &quot;equiv&quot; or &quot;name&quot;</span>
+<span class="c1">// Generates: &lt;meta http-equiv=&quot;Content-type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot; /&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">meta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;robots&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;no-cache&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
+<span class="c1">// Generates: &lt;meta name=&quot;robots&quot; content=&quot;no-cache&quot; /&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="nv">$meta</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;robots&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;no-cache&#39;</span>
+ <span class="p">),</span>
+ <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;description&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My Great Site&#39;</span>
+ <span class="p">),</span>
+ <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;keywords&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;love, passion, intrigue, deception&#39;</span>
+ <span class="p">),</span>
+ <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;robots&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;no-cache&#39;</span>
+ <span class="p">),</span>
+ <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Content-type&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;text/html; charset=utf-8&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;type&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;equiv&#39;</span>
+ <span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">meta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$meta</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Generates:</span>
+<span class="c1">// &lt;meta name=&quot;robots&quot; content=&quot;no-cache&quot; /&gt;</span>
+<span class="c1">// &lt;meta name=&quot;description&quot; content=&quot;My Great Site&quot; /&gt;</span>
+<span class="c1">// &lt;meta name=&quot;keywords&quot; content=&quot;love, passion, intrigue, deception&quot; /&gt;</span>
+<span class="c1">// &lt;meta name=&quot;robots&quot; content=&quot;no-cache&quot; /&gt;</span>
+<span class="c1">// &lt;meta http-equiv=&quot;Content-type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot; /&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="doctype">
+<code class="descname">doctype</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$type = 'xhtml1-strict'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#doctype" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Doctype name</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML DocType tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Helps you generate document type declarations, or DTD’s. XHTML 1.0
+Strict is used by default, but many doctypes are available.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">doctype</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// &lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN&quot; &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd&quot;&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">doctype</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;html4-trans&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// &lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN&quot; &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd&quot;&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The following is a list of doctype choices. These are configurable, and
+pulled from application/config/doctypes.php</p>
+<table border="1" class="docutils">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="16%" />
+<col width="10%" />
+<col width="74%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Document type</th>
+<th class="head">Option</th>
+<th class="head">Result</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="row-even"><td>XHTML 1.1</td>
+<td>xhtml11</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>XHTML 1.0 Strict</td>
+<td>xhtml1-strict</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN” “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>XHTML 1.0 Transitional</td>
+<td>xhtml1-trans</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>XHTML 1.0 Frameset</td>
+<td>xhtml1-frame</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN” “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>XHTML Basic 1.1</td>
+<td>xhtml-basic11</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.1//EN” “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic11.dtd">http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic11.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>HTML 5</td>
+<td>html5</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>HTML 4 Strict</td>
+<td>html4-strict</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN” “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>HTML 4 Transitional</td>
+<td>html4-trans</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN” “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>HTML 4 Frameset</td>
+<td>html4-frame</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN” “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>MathML 1.01</td>
+<td>mathml1</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE math SYSTEM “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml1/mathml.dtd">http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml1/mathml.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>MathML 2.0</td>
+<td>mathml2</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE math PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD MathML 2.0//EN” “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml2/mathml2.dtd">http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml2/mathml2.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>SVG 1.0</td>
+<td>svg10</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.0//EN” “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/DTD/svg10.dtd">http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/DTD/svg10.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>SVG 1.1 Full</td>
+<td>svg11</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN” “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>SVG 1.1 Basic</td>
+<td>svg11-basic</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1 Basic//EN” “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11-basic.dtd">http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11-basic.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>SVG 1.1 Tiny</td>
+<td>svg11-tiny</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1 Tiny//EN” “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11-tiny.dtd">http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11-tiny.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>XHTML+MathML+SVG (XHTML host)</td>
+<td>xhtml-math-svg-xh</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1 plus MathML 2.0 plus SVG 1.1//EN” “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/2002/04/xhtml-math-svg/xhtml-math-svg.dtd">http://www.w3.org/2002/04/xhtml-math-svg/xhtml-math-svg.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>XHTML+MathML+SVG (SVG host)</td>
+<td>xhtml-math-svg-sh</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE svg:svg PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1 plus MathML 2.0 plus SVG 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/2002/04/xhtml-math-svg/xhtml-math-svg.dtd”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-odd"><td>XHTML+RDFa 1.0</td>
+<td>xhtml-rdfa-1</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN” “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd">http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="row-even"><td>XHTML+RDFa 1.1</td>
+<td>xhtml-rdfa-2</td>
+<td>&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.1//EN” “<a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-2.dtd">http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-2.dtd</a>”&gt;</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="br">
+<code class="descname">br</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$count = 1</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#br" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$count</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Number of times to repeat the tag</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML line break tag</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Generates line break tags (&lt;br /&gt;) based on the number you submit.
+Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">br</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above would produce:</p>
+<div class="highlight-html"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span> <span class="p">/&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span> <span class="p">/&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span> <span class="p">/&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">This function is DEPRECATED. Use the native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">str_repeat()</span></code>
+in combination with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;br</span> <span class="pre">/&gt;</span></code> instead.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="nbs">
+<code class="descname">nbs</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$num = 1</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nbs" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$num</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Number of space entities to produce</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A sequence of non-breaking space HTML entities</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Generates non-breaking spaces (&amp;nbsp;) based on the number you submit.
+Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">nbs</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above would produce:</p>
+<div class="highlight-html"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="ni">&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">This function is DEPRECATED. Use the native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">str_repeat()</span></code>
+in combination with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&amp;nbsp;</span></code> instead.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="inflector_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Inflector Helper">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+
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+
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+
+
+ <hr/>
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+ <div role="contentinfo">
+ <p>
+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+ </p>
+ </div>
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+ Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
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+ VERSION:'3.1.9',
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+ FILE_SUFFIX:'.html',
+ HAS_SOURCE: false
+ };
+ </script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
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diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/index.html b/user_guide/helpers/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc73f8eb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/helpers/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,518 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+
+ <title>Helpers &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
+
+
+
+
+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+
+
+
+ <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
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+
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
+
+
+
+ <link rel="index" title="Index"
+ href="../genindex.html"/>
+ <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
+ <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
+ <link rel="next" title="Array Helper" href="array_helper.html"/>
+ <link rel="prev" title="DB Driver Reference" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html"/>
+
+
+ <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
+
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
+</ul>
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+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Helpers</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+ </div>
+ &nbsp;
+ </nav>
+
+ <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
+
+
+ <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
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+ <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
+ <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>Helpers</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
+ </ul>
+ <hr/>
+</div>
+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="helpers">
+<h1>Helpers<a class="headerlink" href="#helpers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="array_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Array Helper">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
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+ <a href="../database/db_driver_reference.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="DB Driver Reference"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <hr/>
+
+ <div role="contentinfo">
+ <p>
+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+ Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
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+ var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
+ URL_ROOT:'../',
+ VERSION:'3.1.9',
+ COLLAPSE_INDEX:false,
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+ HAS_SOURCE: false
+ };
+ </script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
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+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ jQuery(function () {
+ SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable();
+ });
+ </script>
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+</body>
+</html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/inflector_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/inflector_helper.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d1acb4d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/helpers/inflector_helper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+
+ <title>Inflector Helper &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
+
+
+
+
+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+
+
+
+ <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
+
+
+
+
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+
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+
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
+
+
+
+ <link rel="index" title="Index"
+ href="../genindex.html"/>
+ <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
+ <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
+ <link rel="up" title="Helpers" href="index.html"/>
+ <link rel="next" title="Language Helper" href="language_helper.html"/>
+ <link rel="prev" title="HTML Helper" href="html_helper.html"/>
+
+
+ <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
+
+</head>
+
+<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+ </div>
+ &nbsp;
+ </nav>
+
+ <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
+
+
+ <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
+ <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
+ <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
+ </nav>
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+ <div class="wy-nav-content">
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+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>Inflector Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
+ </ul>
+ <hr/>
+</div>
+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="inflector-helper">
+<h1>Inflector Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#inflector-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The Inflector Helper file contains functions that permits you to change
+<strong>English</strong> words to plural, singular, camel case, etc.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;inflector&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="singular">
+<code class="descname">singular</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#singular" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A singular word</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Changes a plural word to singular. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">singular</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;dogs&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;dog&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="plural">
+<code class="descname">plural</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#plural" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A plural word</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Changes a singular word to plural. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">plural</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;dog&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;dogs&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="camelize">
+<code class="descname">camelize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#camelize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Camelized string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Changes a string of words separated by spaces or underscores to camel
+case. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">camelize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_dog_spot&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;myDogSpot&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="underscore">
+<code class="descname">underscore</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#underscore" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String containing underscores instead of spaces</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes multiple words separated by spaces and underscores them.
+Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">underscore</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my dog spot&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;my_dog_spot&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="humanize">
+<code class="descname">humanize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$separator = '_'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#humanize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+<li><strong>$separator</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input separator</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Humanized string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes multiple words separated by underscores and adds spaces between
+them. Each word is capitalized.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">humanize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_dog_spot&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;My Dog Spot&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>To use dashes instead of underscores:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">humanize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;my-dog-spot&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;-&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;My Dog Spot&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="is_countable">
+<code class="descname">is_countable</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$word</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#is_countable" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$word</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if the word is countable or FALSE if not</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Checks if the given word has a plural version. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">is_countable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;equipment&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns FALSE</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
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+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
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diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/language_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/language_helper.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ca5548ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/helpers/language_helper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,550 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+
+ <title>Language Helper &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
+
+
+
+
+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+
+
+
+ <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
+
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
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+ href="../genindex.html"/>
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+ <link rel="up" title="Helpers" href="index.html"/>
+ <link rel="next" title="Number Helper" href="number_helper.html"/>
+ <link rel="prev" title="Inflector Helper" href="inflector_helper.html"/>
+
+
+ <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
+
+</head>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+ </div>
+ &nbsp;
+ </nav>
+
+ <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
+
+
+ <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
+ <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
+ <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
+ </nav>
+
+
+
+ <div class="wy-nav-content">
+ <div class="rst-content">
+ <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
+ <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>Language Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
+ </ul>
+ <hr/>
+</div>
+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="language-helper">
+<h1>Language Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#language-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The Language Helper file contains functions that assist in working with
+language files.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;language&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="lang">
+<code class="descname">lang</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$line</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$for = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$attributes = array()</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#lang" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$line</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Language line key</li>
+<li><strong>$for</strong> (<em>string</em>) – HTML “for” attribute (ID of the element we’re creating a label for)</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>array</em>) – Any additional HTML attributes</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The language line; in an HTML label tag, if the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$for</span></code> parameter is not empty</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This function returns a line of text from a loaded language file with
+simplified syntax that may be more desirable for view files than
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Lang::line()</span></code>.</p>
+<p>Examples:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">lang</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;language_key&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Outputs: Language line</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">lang</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;language_key&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;form_item_id&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;myClass&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
+<span class="c1">// Outputs: &lt;label for=&quot;form_item_id&quot; class=&quot;myClass&quot;&gt;Language line&lt;/label&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="number_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Number Helper">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+
+
+ <a href="inflector_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Inflector Helper"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <hr/>
+
+ <div role="contentinfo">
+ <p>
+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+ Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
+
+</footer>
+ </div>
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+
+ </section>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
+ URL_ROOT:'../',
+ VERSION:'3.1.9',
+ COLLAPSE_INDEX:false,
+ FILE_SUFFIX:'.html',
+ HAS_SOURCE: false
+ };
+ </script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
+
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+
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+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/theme.js"></script>
+
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+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ jQuery(function () {
+ SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable();
+ });
+ </script>
+
+
+</body>
+</html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/number_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/number_helper.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5d6720522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/helpers/number_helper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,559 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+
+ <title>Number Helper &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
+
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+
+
+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+
+
+
+ <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
+
+
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+
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
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+ href="../genindex.html"/>
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+
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
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+
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+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>Number Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
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+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="number-helper">
+<h1>Number Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#number-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The Number Helper file contains functions that help you work with
+numeric data.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;number&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="byte_format">
+<code class="descname">byte_format</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$num</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$precision = 1</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#byte_format" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$num</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Number of bytes</li>
+<li><strong>$precision</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Floating point precision</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Formatted data size string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Formats numbers as bytes, based on size, and adds the appropriate
+suffix. Examples:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">byte_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">456</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns 456 Bytes</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">byte_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4567</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns 4.5 KB</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">byte_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">45678</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns 44.6 KB</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">byte_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">456789</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns 447.8 KB</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">byte_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3456789</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns 3.3 MB</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">byte_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">12345678912345</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns 1.8 GB</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">byte_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">123456789123456789</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns 11,228.3 TB</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>An optional second parameter allows you to set the precision of the
+result:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">byte_format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">45678</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Returns 44.61 KB</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">The text generated by this function is found in the following
+language file: <em>language/&lt;your_lang&gt;/number_lang.php</em></p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
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diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/path_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/path_helper.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d0fce9d5
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+
+
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+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Path Helper</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
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+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>Path Helper</li>
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+
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+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
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+
+ <div class="section" id="path-helper">
+<h1>Path Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#path-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The Path Helper file contains functions that permits you to work with
+file paths on the server.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;path&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="set_realpath">
+<code class="descname">set_realpath</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$path</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$check_existance = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#set_realpath" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$path</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Path</li>
+<li><strong>$check_existance</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to check if the path actually exists</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An absolute path</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This function will return a server path without symbolic links or
+relative directory structures. An optional second argument will
+cause an error to be triggered if the path cannot be resolved.</p>
+<p>Examples:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$file</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/etc/php5/apache2/php.ini&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_realpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$file</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;/etc/php5/apache2/php.ini&#39;</span>
+
+<span class="nv">$non_existent_file</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/path/to/non-exist-file.txt&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_realpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$non_existent_file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Shows an error, as the path cannot be resolved</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_realpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$non_existent_file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;/path/to/non-exist-file.txt&#39;</span>
+
+<span class="nv">$directory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/etc/php5&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_realpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$directory</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;/etc/php5/&#39;</span>
+
+<span class="nv">$non_existent_directory</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/path/to/nowhere&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_realpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$non_existent_directory</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Shows an error, as the path cannot be resolved</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">set_realpath</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$non_existent_directory</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Prints &#39;/path/to/nowhere&#39;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="security_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Security Helper">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
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+
+ <a href="number_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Number Helper"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <hr/>
+
+ <div role="contentinfo">
+ <p>
+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
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+ HAS_SOURCE: false
+ };
+ </script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
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diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/security_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/security_helper.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..736f44f57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/helpers/security_helper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,669 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
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+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+
+ <title>Security Helper &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
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+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+
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+
+ <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
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+ href="../genindex.html"/>
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+ <link rel="prev" title="Path Helper" href="path_helper.html"/>
+
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+ <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
+</ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
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+</ul>
+</li>
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+
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+</ul>
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+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Security Helper</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
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+
+ <li>Security Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
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+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
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+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="security-helper">
+<h1>Security Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#security-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The Security Helper file contains security related functions.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;security&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="xss_clean">
+<code class="descname">xss_clean</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$is_image = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xss_clean" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input data</li>
+<li><strong>$is_image</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether we’re dealing with an image</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">XSS-clean string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Provides Cross Site Script Hack filtering.</p>
+<p>This function is an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Input::xss_clean()</span></code>. For more info,
+please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><span class="doc">Input Library</span></a> documentation.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="sanitize_filename">
+<code class="descname">sanitize_filename</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$filename</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#sanitize_filename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$filename</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Filename</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Sanitized file name</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Provides protection against directory traversal.</p>
+<p>This function is an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Security::sanitize_filename()</span></code>.
+For more info, please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html"><span class="doc">Security Library</span></a>
+documentation.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="do_hash">
+<code class="descname">do_hash</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$type = 'sha1'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#do_hash" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input</li>
+<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Algorithm</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Hex-formatted hash</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Permits you to create one way hashes suitable for encrypting
+passwords. Will use SHA1 by default.</p>
+<p>See <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/function.hash_algos">hash_algos()</a>
+for a full list of supported algorithms.</p>
+<p>Examples:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">do_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$str</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// SHA1</span>
+<span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">do_hash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;md5&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// MD5</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">This function was formerly named <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dohash()</span></code>, which has been
+removed in favor of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">do_hash()</span></code>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">This function is DEPRECATED. Use the native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hash()</span></code> instead.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="strip_image_tags">
+<code class="descname">strip_image_tags</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#strip_image_tags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The input string with no image tags</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This is a security function that will strip image tags from a string.
+It leaves the image URL as plain text.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">strip_image_tags</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>This function is an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Security::strip_image_tags()</span></code>. For
+more info, please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html"><span class="doc">Security Library</span></a>
+documentation.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="encode_php_tags">
+<code class="descname">encode_php_tags</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#encode_php_tags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Safely formatted string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This is a security function that converts PHP tags to entities.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last"><a class="reference internal" href="#xss_clean" title="xss_clean"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">xss_clean()</span></code></a> does this automatically, if you use it.</p>
+</div>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">encode_php_tags</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="smiley_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Smiley Helper">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+
+
+ <a href="path_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Path Helper"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <hr/>
+
+ <div role="contentinfo">
+ <p>
+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+ Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
+
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+ URL_ROOT:'../',
+ VERSION:'3.1.9',
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+ HAS_SOURCE: false
+ };
+ </script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
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+</html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/smiley_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/smiley_helper.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a0a7e106
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/helpers/smiley_helper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,708 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+
+ <title>Smiley Helper &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
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+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+
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+
+ <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
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+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
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+
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+ <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
+ <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
+ </nav>
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+ <div class="wy-nav-content">
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+ <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>Smiley Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
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+ <hr/>
+</div>
+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="smiley-helper">
+<h1>Smiley Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#smiley-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The Smiley Helper file contains functions that let you manage smileys
+(emoticons).</p>
+<div class="admonition important">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
+<p class="last">The Smiley helper is DEPRECATED and should not be used.
+It is currently only kept for backwards compatibility.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#overview" id="id2">Overview</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#clickable-smileys-tutorial" id="id3">Clickable Smileys Tutorial</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-controller" id="id4">The Controller</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#field-aliases" id="id5">Field Aliases</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id6">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;smiley&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="overview">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Overview</a><a class="headerlink" href="#overview" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The Smiley helper has a renderer that takes plain text smileys, like
+:-) and turns them into a image representation, like <img alt="smile!" src="../_images/smile.gif" /></p>
+<p>It also lets you display a set of smiley images that when clicked will
+be inserted into a form field. For example, if you have a blog that
+allows user commenting you can show the smileys next to the comment
+form. Your users can click a desired smiley and with the help of some
+JavaScript it will be placed into the form field.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="clickable-smileys-tutorial">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Clickable Smileys Tutorial</a><a class="headerlink" href="#clickable-smileys-tutorial" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Here is an example demonstrating how you might create a set of clickable
+smileys next to a form field. This example requires that you first
+download and install the smiley images, then create a controller and the
+View as described.</p>
+<div class="admonition important">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
+<p class="last">Before you begin, please <a class="reference external" href="https://ellislab.com/asset/ci_download_files/smileys.zip">download the smiley images</a>
+and put them in a publicly accessible place on your server.
+This helper also assumes you have the smiley replacement array
+located at <cite>application/config/smileys.php</cite></p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="the-controller">
+<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">The Controller</a><a class="headerlink" href="#the-controller" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<p>In your <strong>application/controllers/</strong> directory, create a file called
+Smileys.php and place the code below in it.</p>
+<div class="admonition important">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
+<p class="last">Change the URL in the <a class="reference internal" href="#get_clickable_smileys" title="get_clickable_smileys"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_clickable_smileys()</span></code></a>
+function below so that it points to your smiley folder.</p>
+</div>
+<p>You’ll notice that in addition to the smiley helper, we are also using
+the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html"><span class="doc">Table Class</span></a>:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
+
+<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Smileys</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+
+ <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span>
+ <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;smiley&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+ <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;table&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+ <span class="nv">$image_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">get_clickable_smileys</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/images/smileys/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;comments&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+ <span class="nv">$col_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">make_columns</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$image_array</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+ <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;smiley_table&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">table</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">generate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$col_array</span><span class="p">);</span>
+ <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;smiley_view&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+ <span class="p">}</span>
+
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>In your <strong>application/views/</strong> directory, create a file called <strong>smiley_view.php</strong>
+and place this code in it:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">Smileys</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">smiley_js</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">head</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">form</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;blog&quot;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">textarea</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;comments&quot;</span> <span class="na">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;comments&quot;</span> <span class="na">cols</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;40&quot;</span> <span class="na">rows</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;4&quot;</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nt">textarea</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">form</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Click to insert a smiley!<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ <span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$smiley_table</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span> <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">&gt;</span> <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+ When you have created the above controller and view, load it by visiting http://www.example.com/index.php/smileys/
+ <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="field-aliases">
+<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Field Aliases</a><a class="headerlink" href="#field-aliases" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
+<p>When making changes to a view it can be inconvenient to have the field
+id in the controller. To work around this, you can give your smiley
+links a generic name that will be tied to a specific id in your view.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$image_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">get_smiley_links</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com/images/smileys/&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;comment_textarea_alias&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>To map the alias to the field id, pass them both into the
+<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">smiley_js()</span></code> function:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$image_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">smiley_js</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;comment_textarea_alias&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;comments&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="get_clickable_smileys">
+<code class="descname">get_clickable_smileys</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$image_url</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$alias = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$smileys = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#get_clickable_smileys" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$image_url</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URL path to the smileys directory</li>
+<li><strong>$alias</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field alias</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An array of ready to use smileys</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns an array containing your smiley images wrapped in a clickable
+link. You must supply the URL to your smiley folder and a field id or
+field alias.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$image_array</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">get_clickable_smileys</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/images/smileys/&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;comment&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="smiley_js">
+<code class="descname">smiley_js</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$alias = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$field_id = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$inline = TRUE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#smiley_js" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$alias</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field alias</li>
+<li><strong>$field_id</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Field ID</li>
+<li><strong>$inline</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether we’re inserting an inline smiley</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Smiley-enabling JavaScript code</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Generates the JavaScript that allows the images to be clicked and
+inserted into a form field. If you supplied an alias instead of an id
+when generating your smiley links, you need to pass the alias and
+corresponding form id into the function. This function is designed to be
+placed into the &lt;head&gt; area of your web page.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">smiley_js</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="parse_smileys">
+<code class="descname">parse_smileys</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$str = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$image_url = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$smileys = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#parse_smileys" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Text containing smiley codes</li>
+<li><strong>$image_url</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URL path to the smileys directory</li>
+<li><strong>$smileys</strong> (<em>array</em>) – An array of smileys</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Parsed smileys</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes a string of text as input and replaces any contained plain text
+smileys into the image equivalent. The first parameter must contain your
+string, the second must contain the URL to your smiley folder</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Here are some smileys: :-) ;-)&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">parse_smileys</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;http://example.com/images/smileys/&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$str</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
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+</ul>
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+
+ <div class="section" id="string-helper">
+<h1>String Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#string-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The String Helper file contains functions that assist in working with
+strings.</p>
+<div class="admonition important">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
+<p class="last">Please note that these functions are NOT intended, nor
+suitable to be used for any kind of security-related logic.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;string&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="random_string">
+<code class="descname">random_string</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$type = 'alnum'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$len = 8</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#random_string" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Randomization type</li>
+<li><strong>$len</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Output string length</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A random string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Generates a random string based on the type and length you specify.
+Useful for creating passwords or generating random hashes.</p>
+<p>The first parameter specifies the type of string, the second parameter
+specifies the length. The following choices are available:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><strong>alpha</strong>: A string with lower and uppercase letters only.</li>
+<li><strong>alnum</strong>: Alpha-numeric string with lower and uppercase characters.</li>
+<li><strong>basic</strong>: A random number based on <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mt_rand()</span></code>.</li>
+<li><strong>numeric</strong>: Numeric string.</li>
+<li><strong>nozero</strong>: Numeric string with no zeros.</li>
+<li><strong>md5</strong>: An encrypted random number based on <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">md5()</span></code> (fixed length of 32).</li>
+<li><strong>sha1</strong>: An encrypted random number based on <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sha1()</span></code> (fixed length of 40).</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Usage example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">random_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;alnum&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">Usage of the <em>unique</em> and <em>encrypt</em> types is DEPRECATED. They
+are just aliases for <em>md5</em> and <em>sha1</em> respectively.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="increment_string">
+<code class="descname">increment_string</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$separator = '_'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$first = 1</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#increment_string" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+<li><strong>$separator</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Separator to append a duplicate number with</li>
+<li><strong>$first</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Starting number</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">An incremented string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Increments a string by appending a number to it or increasing the
+number. Useful for creating “copies” or a file or duplicating database
+content which has unique titles or slugs.</p>
+<p>Usage example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">increment_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;file&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;_&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// &quot;file_1&quot;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">increment_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;file&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;-&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// &quot;file-2&quot;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">increment_string</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;file_4&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// &quot;file_5&quot;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="alternator">
+<code class="descname">alternator</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$args</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#alternator" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$args</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – A variable number of arguments</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Alternated string(s)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Allows two or more items to be alternated between, when cycling through
+a loop. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nv">$i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nv">$i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">alternator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;string one&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;string two&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>You can add as many parameters as you want, and with each iteration of
+your loop the next item will be returned.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$i</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nv">$i</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nv">$i</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">alternator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;one&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;two&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;three&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;four&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;five&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">To use multiple separate calls to this function simply call the
+function with no arguments to re-initialize.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="repeater">
+<code class="descname">repeater</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$data</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$num = 1</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#repeater" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input</li>
+<li><strong>$num</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Number of times to repeat</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Repeated string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Generates repeating copies of the data you submit. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">repeater</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above would generate 30 newlines.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">This function is DEPRECATED. Use the native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">str_repeat()</span></code>
+instead.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="reduce_double_slashes">
+<code class="descname">reduce_double_slashes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#reduce_double_slashes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A string with normalized slashes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Converts double slashes in a string to a single slash, except those
+found in URL protocol prefixes (e.g. http://).</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;http://example.com//index.php&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">reduce_double_slashes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// results in &quot;http://example.com/index.php&quot;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="strip_slashes">
+<code class="descname">strip_slashes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$data</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#strip_slashes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Input string or an array of strings</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String(s) with stripped slashes</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Removes any slashes from an array of strings.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;question&#39;</span><span class="nx">  </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Is your name O\&#39;reilly?&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;answer&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;No, my name is O\&#39;connor.&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">strip_slashes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$str</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above will return the following array:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;question&#39;</span><span class="nx">  </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Is your name O&#39;reilly?&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;answer&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s2">&quot;No, my name is O&#39;connor.&quot;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">For historical reasons, this function will also accept
+and handle string inputs. This however makes it just an
+alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stripslashes()</span></code>.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="trim_slashes">
+<code class="descname">trim_slashes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#trim_slashes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Slash-trimmed string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Removes any leading/trailing slashes from a string. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;/this/that/theother/&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">trim_slashes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// results in this/that/theother</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">This function is DEPRECATED. Use the native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">trim()</span></code> instead:
+|
+| trim($str, ‘/’);</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="reduce_multiples">
+<code class="descname">reduce_multiples</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$character = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$trim = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#reduce_multiples" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Text to search in</li>
+<li><strong>$character</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Character to reduce</li>
+<li><strong>$trim</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to also trim the specified character</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Reduced string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Reduces multiple instances of a particular character occurring directly
+after each other. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Fred, Bill,, Joe, Jimmy&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">reduce_multiples</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">&quot;,&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">//results in &quot;Fred, Bill, Joe, Jimmy&quot;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>If the third parameter is set to TRUE it will remove occurrences of the
+character at the beginning and the end of the string. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;,Fred, Bill,, Joe, Jimmy,&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">reduce_multiples</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;, &quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">//results in &quot;Fred, Bill, Joe, Jimmy&quot;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="quotes_to_entities">
+<code class="descname">quotes_to_entities</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#quotes_to_entities" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String with quotes converted to HTML entities</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Converts single and double quotes in a string to the corresponding HTML
+entities. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Joe&#39;s </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2">dinner</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">quotes_to_entities</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">//results in &quot;Joe&amp;#39;s &amp;quot;dinner&amp;quot;&quot;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="strip_quotes">
+<code class="descname">strip_quotes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#strip_quotes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String with quotes stripped</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Removes single and double quotes from a string. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Joe&#39;s </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2">dinner</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">strip_quotes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">//results in &quot;Joes dinner&quot;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="text_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Text Helper">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+
+
+ <a href="smiley_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Smiley Helper"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <hr/>
+
+ <div role="contentinfo">
+ <p>
+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+ Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
+
+</footer>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ </section>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
+ URL_ROOT:'../',
+ VERSION:'3.1.9',
+ COLLAPSE_INDEX:false,
+ FILE_SUFFIX:'.html',
+ HAS_SOURCE: false
+ };
+ </script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
+
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+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ jQuery(function () {
+ SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable();
+ });
+ </script>
+
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+</body>
+</html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/text_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/text_helper.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48cf30762
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/helpers/text_helper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,847 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+
+ <title>Text Helper &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
+
+
+
+
+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+
+
+
+ <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
+
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+
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
+
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+
+ <link rel="index" title="Index"
+ href="../genindex.html"/>
+ <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
+ <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
+ <link rel="up" title="Helpers" href="index.html"/>
+ <link rel="next" title="Typography Helper" href="typography_helper.html"/>
+ <link rel="prev" title="String Helper" href="string_helper.html"/>
+
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
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+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Text Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
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+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+ </div>
+ &nbsp;
+ </nav>
+
+ <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
+
+
+ <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
+ <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
+ <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
+ </nav>
+
+
+
+ <div class="wy-nav-content">
+ <div class="rst-content">
+ <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
+ <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>Text Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
+ </ul>
+ <hr/>
+</div>
+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="text-helper">
+<h1>Text Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#text-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The Text Helper file contains functions that assist in working with
+text.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="word_limiter">
+<code class="descname">word_limiter</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$limit = 100</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$end_char = '&amp;#8230;'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#word_limiter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+<li><strong>$limit</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Limit</li>
+<li><strong>$end_char</strong> (<em>string</em>) – End character (usually an ellipsis)</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Word-limited string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Truncates a string to the number of <em>words</em> specified. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Here is a nice text string consisting of eleven words.&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">word_limiter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Returns: Here is a nice</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The third parameter is an optional suffix added to the string. By
+default it adds an ellipsis.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="character_limiter">
+<code class="descname">character_limiter</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$n = 500</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$end_char = '&amp;#8230;'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#character_limiter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Number of characters</li>
+<li><strong>$end_char</strong> (<em>string</em>) – End character (usually an ellipsis)</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Character-limited string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Truncates a string to the number of <em>characters</em> specified. It
+maintains the integrity of words so the character count may be slightly
+more or less than what you specify.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Here is a nice text string consisting of eleven words.&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">character_limiter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Returns: Here is a nice text string</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The third parameter is an optional suffix added to the string, if
+undeclared this helper uses an ellipsis.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">If you need to truncate to an exact number of characters please
+see the <a class="reference internal" href="#ellipsize" title="ellipsize"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">ellipsize()</span></code></a> function below.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="ascii_to_entities">
+<code class="descname">ascii_to_entities</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ascii_to_entities" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A string with ASCII values converted to entities</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Converts ASCII values to character entities, including high ASCII and MS
+Word characters that can cause problems when used in a web page, so that
+they can be shown consistently regardless of browser settings or stored
+reliably in a database. There is some dependence on your server’s
+supported character sets, so it may not be 100% reliable in all cases,
+but for the most part it should correctly identify characters outside
+the normal range (like accented characters).</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">ascii_to_entities</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="convert_accented_characters">
+<code class="descname">convert_accented_characters</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#convert_accented_characters" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A string with accented characters converted</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Transliterates high ASCII characters to low ASCII equivalents. Useful
+when non-English characters need to be used where only standard ASCII
+characters are safely used, for instance, in URLs.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">convert_accented_characters</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">This function uses a companion config file
+<cite>application/config/foreign_chars.php</cite> to define the to and
+from array for transliteration.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="word_censor">
+<code class="descname">word_censor</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em>, <em>$censored</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$replacement = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#word_censor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+<li><strong>$censored</strong> (<em>array</em>) – List of bad words to censor</li>
+<li><strong>$replacement</strong> (<em>string</em>) – What to replace bad words with</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Censored string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Enables you to censor words within a text string. The first parameter
+will contain the original string. The second will contain an array of
+words which you disallow. The third (optional) parameter can contain
+a replacement value for the words. If not specified they are replaced
+with pound signs: ####.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$disallowed</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;darn&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;shucks&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;golly&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;phooey&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">word_censor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$disallowed</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Beep!&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="highlight_code">
+<code class="descname">highlight_code</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#highlight_code" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String with code highlighted via HTML</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Colorizes a string of code (PHP, HTML, etc.). Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">highlight_code</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The function uses PHP’s <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">highlight_string()</span></code> function, so the
+colors used are the ones specified in your php.ini file.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="highlight_phrase">
+<code class="descname">highlight_phrase</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em>, <em>$phrase</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$tag_open = '&lt;mark&gt;'</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$tag_close = '&lt;/mark&gt;'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#highlight_phrase" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+<li><strong>$phrase</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Phrase to highlight</li>
+<li><strong>$tag_open</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Opening tag used for the highlight</li>
+<li><strong>$tag_close</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Closing tag for the highlight</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String with a phrase highlighted via HTML</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Will highlight a phrase within a text string. The first parameter will
+contain the original string, the second will contain the phrase you wish
+to highlight. The third and fourth parameters will contain the
+opening/closing HTML tags you would like the phrase wrapped in.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Here is a nice text string about nothing in particular.&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">highlight_phrase</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;nice text&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#990000;&quot;&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/span&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above code prints:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">Here</span> <span class="nx">is</span> <span class="nx">a</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">span</span> <span class="nx">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;color:#990000;&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">nice</span> <span class="nx">text</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">span</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="nx">string</span> <span class="nx">about</span> <span class="nx">nothing</span> <span class="nx">in</span> <span class="nx">particular</span><span class="o">.</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p>This function used to use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&lt;strong&gt;</span></code> tag by default. Older browsers
+might not support the new HTML5 mark tag, so it is recommended that you
+insert the following CSS code into your stylesheet if you need to support
+such browsers:</p>
+<div class="last highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">mark</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="nx">background</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="c1">#ff0;</span>
+ <span class="nx">color</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="c1">#000;</span>
+<span class="p">};</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="word_wrap">
+<code class="descname">word_wrap</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$charlim = 76</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#word_wrap" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+<li><strong>$charlim</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Character limit</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Word-wrapped string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Wraps text at the specified <em>character</em> count while maintaining
+complete words.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;Here is a simple string of text that will help us demonstrate this function.&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">word_wrap</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="c1">// Would produce:</span>
+<span class="c1">// Here is a simple string</span>
+<span class="c1">// of text that will help us</span>
+<span class="c1">// demonstrate this</span>
+<span class="c1">// function.</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="ellipsize">
+<code class="descname">ellipsize</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em>, <em>$max_length</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$position = 1</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$ellipsis = '&amp;hellip;'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#ellipsize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+<li><strong>$max_length</strong> (<em>int</em>) – String length limit</li>
+<li><strong>$position</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Position to split at (int or float)</li>
+<li><strong>$ellipsis</strong> (<em>string</em>) – What to use as the ellipsis character</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Ellipsized string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This function will strip tags from a string, split it at a defined
+maximum length, and insert an ellipsis.</p>
+<p>The first parameter is the string to ellipsize, the second is the number
+of characters in the final string. The third parameter is where in the
+string the ellipsis should appear from 0 - 1, left to right. For
+example. a value of 1 will place the ellipsis at the right of the
+string, .5 in the middle, and 0 at the left.</p>
+<p>An optional forth parameter is the kind of ellipsis. By default,
+&amp;hellip; will be inserted.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$str</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;this_string_is_entirely_too_long_and_might_break_my_design.jpg&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">ellipsize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Produces:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">this_string_is_e</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nx">hellip</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="nx">ak_my_design</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">jpg</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="typography_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Typography Helper">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+
+
+ <a href="string_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="String Helper"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <hr/>
+
+ <div role="contentinfo">
+ <p>
+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+ Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
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diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/typography_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/typography_helper.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9343573df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/helpers/typography_helper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
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+ <title>Typography Helper &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
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+ <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
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+<ul class="current">
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+ </div>
+ &nbsp;
+ </nav>
+
+ <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
+
+
+ <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
+ <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
+ <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
+ </nav>
+
+
+
+ <div class="wy-nav-content">
+ <div class="rst-content">
+ <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
+ <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>Typography Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
+ </ul>
+ <hr/>
+</div>
+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="typography-helper">
+<h1>Typography Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#typography-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The Typography Helper file contains functions that help your format text
+in semantically relevant ways.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;typography&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="auto_typography">
+<code class="descname">auto_typography</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$reduce_linebreaks = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#auto_typography" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+<li><strong>$reduce_linebreaks</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to reduce multiple instances of double newlines to two</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML-formatted typography-safe string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Formats text so that it is semantically and typographically correct
+HTML.</p>
+<p>This function is an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Typography::auto_typography()</span></code>.
+For more info, please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html"><span class="doc">Typography Library</span></a> documentation.</p>
+<p>Usage example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">auto_typography</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">Typographic formatting can be processor intensive, particularly if
+you have a lot of content being formatted. If you choose to use this
+function you may want to consider <a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html"><span class="doc">caching</span></a> your
+pages.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="nl2br_except_pre">
+<code class="descname">nl2br_except_pre</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#nl2br_except_pre" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String with HTML-formatted line breaks</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Converts newlines to &lt;br /&gt; tags unless they appear within &lt;pre&gt; tags.
+This function is identical to the native PHP <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">nl2br()</span></code> function,
+except that it ignores &lt;pre&gt; tags.</p>
+<p>Usage example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">nl2br_except_pre</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="entity_decode">
+<code class="descname">entity_decode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em>, <em>$charset = NULL</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#entity_decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+<li><strong>$charset</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Character set</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">String with decoded HTML entities</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This function is an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Security::entity_decode()</span></code>.
+Fore more info, please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html"><span class="doc">Security Library</span></a> documentation.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="url_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="URL Helper">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+
+
+ <a href="text_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Text Helper"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <hr/>
+
+ <div role="contentinfo">
+ <p>
+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+ Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
+
+</footer>
+ </div>
+ </div>
+
+ </section>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
+ URL_ROOT:'../',
+ VERSION:'3.1.9',
+ COLLAPSE_INDEX:false,
+ FILE_SUFFIX:'.html',
+ HAS_SOURCE: false
+ };
+ </script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
+
+
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+
+
+ <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/theme.js"></script>
+
+
+
+
+ <script type="text/javascript">
+ jQuery(function () {
+ SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable();
+ });
+ </script>
+
+
+</body>
+</html> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/url_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/url_helper.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04c9be47c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/helpers/url_helper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,1044 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+ <meta charset="utf-8">
+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+
+ <title>URL Helper &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
+
+
+
+
+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+
+
+
+ <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
+
+
+
+ <link rel="index" title="Index"
+ href="../genindex.html"/>
+ <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
+ <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
+ <link rel="up" title="Helpers" href="index.html"/>
+ <link rel="next" title="XML Helper" href="xml_helper.html"/>
+ <link rel="prev" title="Typography Helper" href="typography_helper.html"/>
+
+
+ <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
+
+</head>
+
+<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
+
+ <div id="nav">
+ <div id="nav_inner">
+
+
+
+ <div id="pulldown-menu" class="ciNav">
+ <ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
+</ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+ </div>
+ &nbsp;
+ </nav>
+
+ <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
+
+
+ <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
+ <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
+ <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
+ </nav>
+
+
+
+ <div class="wy-nav-content">
+ <div class="rst-content">
+ <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
+ <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>URL Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
+ </ul>
+ <hr/>
+</div>
+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="url-helper">
+<h1>URL Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#url-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The URL Helper file contains functions that assist in working with URLs.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;url&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="site_url">
+<code class="descname">site_url</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$uri = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$protocol = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#site_url" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$uri</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URI string</li>
+<li><strong>$protocol</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Protocol, e.g. ‘http’ or ‘https’</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Site URL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns your site URL, as specified in your config file. The index.php
+file (or whatever you have set as your site <strong>index_page</strong> in your config
+file) will be added to the URL, as will any URI segments you pass to the
+function, plus the <strong>url_suffix</strong> as set in your config file.</p>
+<p>You are encouraged to use this function any time you need to generate a
+local URL so that your pages become more portable in the event your URL
+changes.</p>
+<p>Segments can be optionally passed to the function as a string or an
+array. Here is a string example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">site_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/local/123&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above example would return something like:
+<em>http://example.com/index.php/news/local/123</em></p>
+<p>Here is an example of segments passed as an array:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$segments</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;local&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;123&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">site_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$segments</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>This function is an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Config::site_url()</span></code>. For more info,
+please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html"><span class="doc">Config Library</span></a> documentation.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="base_url">
+<code class="descname">base_url</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$uri = ''</em>, <em>$protocol = NULL</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base_url" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$uri</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URI string</li>
+<li><strong>$protocol</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Protocol, e.g. ‘http’ or ‘https’</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Base URL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns your site base URL, as specified in your config file. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">base_url</span><span class="p">();</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>This function returns the same thing as <a class="reference internal" href="#site_url" title="site_url"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">site_url()</span></code></a>, without
+the <em>index_page</em> or <em>url_suffix</em> being appended.</p>
+<p>Also like <a class="reference internal" href="#site_url" title="site_url"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">site_url()</span></code></a>, you can supply segments as a string or
+an array. Here is a string example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">base_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;blog/post/123&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above example would return something like:
+<em>http://example.com/blog/post/123</em></p>
+<p>This is useful because unlike <a class="reference internal" href="#site_url" title="site_url"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">site_url()</span></code></a>, you can supply a
+string to a file, such as an image or stylesheet. For example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">base_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;images/icons/edit.png&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>This would give you something like:
+<em>http://example.com/images/icons/edit.png</em></p>
+<p>This function is an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Config::base_url()</span></code>. For more info,
+please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html"><span class="doc">Config Library</span></a> documentation.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="current_url">
+<code class="descname">current_url</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#current_url" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">The current URL</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns the full URL (including segments) of the page being currently
+viewed.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">Calling this function is the same as doing this:
+|
+| site_url(uri_string());</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="uri_string">
+<code class="descname">uri_string</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#uri_string" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An URI string</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns the URI segments of any page that contains this function.
+For example, if your URL was this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">http</span><span class="o">://</span><span class="nx">some</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">site</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">blog</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">comments</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">123</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The function would return:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">blog</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">comments</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">123</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>This function is an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Config::uri_string()</span></code>. For more info,
+please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html"><span class="doc">Config Library</span></a> documentation.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="index_page">
+<code class="descname">index_page</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#index_page" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">‘index_page’ value</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">mixed</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns your site <strong>index_page</strong>, as specified in your config file.
+Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">index_page</span><span class="p">();</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="anchor">
+<code class="descname">anchor</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$uri = ''</em>, <em>$title = ''</em>, <em>$attributes = ''</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#anchor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$uri</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URI string</li>
+<li><strong>$title</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Anchor title</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML hyperlink (anchor tag)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Creates a standard HTML anchor link based on your local site URL.</p>
+<p>The first parameter can contain any segments you wish appended to the
+URL. As with the <a class="reference internal" href="#site_url" title="site_url"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">site_url()</span></code></a> function above, segments can
+be a string or an array.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">If you are building links that are internal to your application
+do not include the base URL (http://…). This will be added
+automatically from the information specified in your config file.
+Include only the URI segments you wish appended to the URL.</p>
+</div>
+<p>The second segment is the text you would like the link to say. If you
+leave it blank, the URL will be used.</p>
+<p>The third parameter can contain a list of attributes you would like
+added to the link. The attributes can be a simple string or an
+associative array.</p>
+<p>Here are some examples:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">anchor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/local/123&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My News&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;title=&quot;News title&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Prints: &lt;a href=&quot;http://example.com/index.php/news/local/123&quot; title=&quot;News title&quot;&gt;My News&lt;/a&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">anchor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/local/123&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My News&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;The best news!&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
+<span class="c1">// Prints: &lt;a href=&quot;http://example.com/index.php/news/local/123&quot; title=&quot;The best news!&quot;&gt;My News&lt;/a&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">anchor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Click here&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Prints: &lt;a href=&quot;http://example.com&quot;&gt;Click Here&lt;/a&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="anchor_popup">
+<code class="descname">anchor_popup</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$uri = ''</em>, <em>$title = ''</em>, <em>$attributes = FALSE</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#anchor_popup" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$uri</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URI string</li>
+<li><strong>$title</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Anchor title</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Pop-up hyperlink</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Nearly identical to the <a class="reference internal" href="#anchor" title="anchor"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">anchor()</span></code></a> function except that it
+opens the URL in a new window. You can specify JavaScript window
+attributes in the third parameter to control how the window is opened.
+If the third parameter is not set it will simply open a new window with
+your own browser settings.</p>
+<p>Here is an example with attributes:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$atts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;width&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">800</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;height&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">600</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;scrollbars&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;yes&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;status&#39;</span><span class="nx">    </span> <span class="nx"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;yes&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;resizable&#39;</span><span class="nx"> </span> <span class="nx"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;yes&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;screenx&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;screeny&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;window_name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;_blank&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">anchor_popup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/local/123&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Click Me!&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$atts</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">The above attributes are the function defaults so you only need to
+set the ones that are different from what you need. If you want the
+function to use all of its defaults simply pass an empty array in the
+third parameter:
+|
+| echo anchor_popup(‘news/local/123’, ‘Click Me!’, array());</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">The <strong>window_name</strong> is not really an attribute, but an argument to
+the JavaScript <cite>window.open() &lt;http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/met_win_open.asp&gt;</cite>
+method, which accepts either a window name or a window target.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">Any other attribute than the listed above will be parsed as an
+HTML attribute to the anchor tag.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="mailto">
+<code class="descname">mailto</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$email</em>, <em>$title = ''</em>, <em>$attributes = ''</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#mailto" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$email</strong> (<em>string</em>) – E-mail address</li>
+<li><strong>$title</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Anchor title</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A “mail to” hyperlink</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Creates a standard HTML e-mail link. Usage example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">mailto</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;me@my-site.com&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Click Here to Contact Me&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>As with the <a class="reference internal" href="#anchor" title="anchor"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">anchor()</span></code></a> tab above, you can set attributes using the
+third parameter:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$attributes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Mail me&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">mailto</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;me@my-site.com&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Contact Me&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$attributes</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="safe_mailto">
+<code class="descname">safe_mailto</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$email</em>, <em>$title = ''</em>, <em>$attributes = ''</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#safe_mailto" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$email</strong> (<em>string</em>) – E-mail address</li>
+<li><strong>$title</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Anchor title</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A spam-safe “mail to” hyperlink</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Identical to the <a class="reference internal" href="#mailto" title="mailto"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">mailto()</span></code></a> function except it writes an obfuscated
+version of the <em>mailto</em> tag using ordinal numbers written with JavaScript to
+help prevent the e-mail address from being harvested by spam bots.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="auto_link">
+<code class="descname">auto_link</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em>, <em>$type = 'both'</em>, <em>$popup = FALSE</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#auto_link" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Link type (‘email’, ‘url’ or ‘both’)</li>
+<li><strong>$popup</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to create popup links</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Linkified string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Automatically turns URLs and e-mail addresses contained in a string into
+links. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">auto_link</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The second parameter determines whether URLs and e-mails are converted or
+just one or the other. Default behavior is both if the parameter is not
+specified. E-mail links are encoded as <a class="reference internal" href="#safe_mailto" title="safe_mailto"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">safe_mailto()</span></code></a> as shown
+above.</p>
+<p>Converts only URLs:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">auto_link</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;url&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Converts only e-mail addresses:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">auto_link</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The third parameter determines whether links are shown in a new window.
+The value can be TRUE or FALSE (boolean):</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">auto_link</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;both&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="url_title">
+<code class="descname">url_title</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em>, <em>$separator = '-'</em>, <em>$lowercase = FALSE</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#url_title" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+<li><strong>$separator</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Word separator</li>
+<li><strong>$lowercase</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to transform the output string to lower-case</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">URL-formatted string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes a string as input and creates a human-friendly URL string. This is
+useful if, for example, you have a blog in which you’d like to use the
+title of your entries in the URL. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;What&#39;s wrong with CSS?&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$url_title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">url_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Produces: Whats-wrong-with-CSS</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The second parameter determines the word delimiter. By default dashes
+are used. Preferred options are: <strong>-</strong> (dash) or <strong>_</strong> (underscore)</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;What&#39;s wrong with CSS?&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$url_title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">url_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;underscore&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Produces: Whats_wrong_with_CSS</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">Old usage of ‘dash’ and ‘underscore’ as the second parameter
+is DEPRECATED.</p>
+</div>
+<p>The third parameter determines whether or not lowercase characters are
+forced. By default they are not. Options are boolean TRUE/FALSE.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;What&#39;s wrong with CSS?&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$url_title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">url_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;underscore&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Produces: whats_wrong_with_css</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="prep_url">
+<code class="descname">prep_url</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str = ''</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#prep_url" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URL string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Protocol-prefixed URL string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This function will add http:// in the event that a protocol prefix
+is missing from a URL.</p>
+<p>Pass the URL string to the function like this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$url</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">prep_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;example.com&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="redirect">
+<code class="descname">redirect</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$uri = ''</em>, <em>$method = 'auto'</em>, <em>$code = NULL</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#redirect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$uri</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URI string</li>
+<li><strong>$method</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Redirect method (‘auto’, ‘location’ or ‘refresh’)</li>
+<li><strong>$code</strong> (<em>string</em>) – HTTP Response code (usually 302 or 303)</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Does a “header redirect” to the URI specified. If you specify the full
+site URL that link will be built, but for local links simply providing
+the URI segments to the controller you want to direct to will create the
+link. The function will build the URL based on your config file values.</p>
+<p>The optional second parameter allows you to force a particular redirection
+method. The available methods are <strong>auto</strong>, <strong>location</strong> and <strong>refresh</strong>,
+with location being faster but less reliable on IIS servers.
+The default is <strong>auto</strong>, which will attempt to intelligently choose the
+method based on the server environment.</p>
+<p>The optional third parameter allows you to send a specific HTTP Response
+Code - this could be used for example to create 301 redirects for search
+engine purposes. The default Response Code is 302. The third parameter is
+<em>only</em> available with <strong>location</strong> redirects, and not <em>refresh</em>. Examples:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$logged_in</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="nx">redirect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/login/form/&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+
+<span class="c1">// with 301 redirect</span>
+<span class="nx">redirect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/article/13&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;location&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">301</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">In order for this function to work it must be used before anything
+is outputted to the browser since it utilizes server headers.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">For very fine grained control over headers, you should use the
+<a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html"><span class="doc">Output Library</span></a> <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_header()</span></code> method.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">To IIS users: if you hide the <cite>Server</cite> HTTP header, the <em>auto</em>
+method won’t detect IIS, in that case it is advised you explicitly
+use the <strong>refresh</strong> method.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">When the <strong>location</strong> method is used, an HTTP status code of 303
+will <em>automatically</em> be selected when the page is currently accessed
+via POST and HTTP/1.1 is used.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition important">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
+<p class="last">This function will terminate script execution.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="xml_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="XML Helper">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+
+
+ <a href="typography_helper.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Typography Helper"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+
+ </div>
+
+
+ <hr/>
+
+ <div role="contentinfo">
+ <p>
+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+ </p>
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diff --git a/user_guide/helpers/xml_helper.html b/user_guide/helpers/xml_helper.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d50ffcd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/helpers/xml_helper.html
@@ -0,0 +1,559 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
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+<ul class="current">
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
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+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">XML Helper</a></li>
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+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
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+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>XML Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
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+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="xml-helper">
+<h1>XML Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#xml-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The XML Helper file contains functions that assist in working with XML
+data.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;xml&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="xml_convert">
+<code class="descname">xml_convert</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$protect_all = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#xml_convert" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – the text string to convert</li>
+<li><strong>$protect_all</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to protect all content that looks like a potential entity instead of just numbered entities, e.g. &amp;foo;</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">XML-converted string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes a string as input and converts the following reserved XML
+characters to entities:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<div><ul class="simple">
+<li>Ampersands: &amp;</li>
+<li>Less than and greater than characters: &lt; &gt;</li>
+<li>Single and double quotes: ‘ “</li>
+<li>Dashes: -</li>
+</ul>
+</div></blockquote>
+<p>This function ignores ampersands if they are part of existing numbered
+character entities, e.g. &amp;#123;. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;p&gt;Here is a paragraph &amp; an entity (&amp;#123;).&lt;/p&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">xml_convert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>outputs:</p>
+<div class="highlight-html"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="ni">&amp;lt;</span>p<span class="ni">&amp;gt;</span>Here is a paragraph <span class="ni">&amp;amp;</span> an entity (<span class="ni">&amp;#123;</span>).<span class="ni">&amp;lt;</span>/p<span class="ni">&amp;gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
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