diff options
| author | admin <devnull@localhost> | 2006-08-25 19:25:49 +0200 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | admin <devnull@localhost> | 2006-08-25 19:25:49 +0200 |
| commit | b0dd10f8171945e0c1f3527dd1e9d18b043e01a7 (patch) | |
| tree | c3583ba09e72217683c4304f4690df6ce39ba731 /user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html | |
Initial Import
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| -rw-r--r-- | user_guide/libraries/xmlrpc.html | 485 |
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+<td><h1>Code Igniter User Guide Version 1.4.0</h1></td>
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+XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes
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+
+
+<h1>XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</h1>
+
+
+<p>Code Igniter's XML-RPC classes permit you to send requests to another server, or set up
+your own XML-RPC server to receive requests.</p>
+
+
+<h2>What is XML-RPC?</h2>
+
+<p>Quite simply it is a way for two computers to communicate over the internet using XML.
+One computer, which we will call the <dfn>client</dfn>, sends an XML-RPC <strong>request</strong> to
+another computer, which we will call the <dfn>server</dfn>. Once the server receives and processes the request it
+will send back a <strong>response</strong> to the client.</p>
+
+<p>For example, using the MetaWeblog API, an XML-RPC Client (usually a desktop publishing tool) will
+send a request to an XML-RPC Server running on your site. This request might be a new weblog entry
+being sent for publication, or it could be a request for an existing entry for editing.
+
+When the XML-RPC Server receives this request it will examine it to determine which class/method should be called to process the request.
+Once processed, the server will then send back a response message.</p>
+
+<p>For detailed spcifications, you can visit the <a href="http://www.xmlrpc.com/">XML-RPC</a> site.</p>
+
+<h2>Initializing the Class</h2>
+
+<p>Like most other classes in Code Igniter, the XML-RPC and XML-RPCS classes are initialized in your controller using the <dfn>$this->load->library</dfn> function:</p>
+
+<p>To load the XML-RPC class you will use:
+<code>$this->load->library('xmlrpc');</code>
+<p>Once loaded, the xml-rpc library object will be available using: <dfn>$this->xmlrpc</dfn></p>
+
+<p>To load the XML-RPC Server class you will use:
+<code>$this->load->library('xmlrpcs');</code>
+<p>Once loaded, the xml-rpcs library object will be available using: <dfn>$this->xmlrpcs</dfn></p>
+
+
+
+<h2>Sending XML-RPC Requests</h2>
+
+<p>To send a request to an XML-RPC server you must specify the following information:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>The URL of the server</li>
+<li>The method on the server you wish to call</li>
+<li>The <em>request</em> data (explained below).</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Here is a basic example that sends a simple Weblogs.com ping to the <a href="http://pingomatic.com/">Ping-o-Matic</a></p>
+
+
+<code>$this->load->library('xmlrpc');<br />
+<br />
+$this->xmlrpc->server('http://rpc.pingomatic.com/', 80);<br />
+$this->xmlrpc->method('weblogUpdates.ping');<br />
+
+<br />
+$request = array('My Photoblog', 'http://www.my-site.com/photoblog/');<br />
+$this->xmlrpc->request($request);<br />
+<br />
+if ( ! $this->xmlrpc->send_request())<br />
+{<br />
+ echo $xmlrpc->display_error();<br />
+}
+</code>
+
+<h3>Explanation</h3>
+
+<p>The above code initializes the XML-RPC class, sets the server URL and method to be called (weblogUpdates.ping). The
+request (in this case, the title and URL of your site) is placed into an array for transportation, and
+compiled using the request() function.
+Lastly, the full request is sent. If the <dfn>send_request()</dfn> method returns false we will display the error message
+sent back from the XML-RPC Server.</p>
+
+<h2>Anatomy of a Request</h2>
+
+<p>An XML-RPC <dfn>request</dfn> is simply the data you are sending to the XML-RPC server. Each piece of data in a request
+is referred to as a <dfn>request parameter</dfn>. The above example has two parameters:
+The URL and title of your site. When the XML-RPC server receives your request, it will look for parameters it requires.</p>
+
+<p>Request parameters must be placed into an array for transportation, and each parameter can can be one
+of seven data types (strings, numbers, dates, etc.). If your parameters are something other than strings
+you will have to include the data type in the request array.</p>
+
+<p>Here is an example of a simple array with three parameters:</p>
+
+<code>$request = array('John', 'Doe', 'www.some-site.com');<br />
+$this->xmlrpc->request($request);</code>
+
+<p>If you use data types other than strings, or if you have several different data types, you will place
+each parameter into its own array, with the data type in the second position:</p>
+
+<code>
+$request = array (<br />
+ array('John', 'string'),<br />
+ array('Doe', 'string'),<br />
+ array(FALSE, 'boolean'),<br />
+ array(12345, 'int')<br />
+ );
+<br />
+$this->xmlrpc->request($request);</code>
+
+The <a href="#datatypes">Data Types</a> section below has a full list of data types.</p>
+
+
+
+<h2>Creating an XML-RPC Server</h2>
+
+<p>An XML-RPC Server acts as a traffic cop of sorts, waiting for incoming requests and redirecting them to the
+appropriate functions for processing.</p>
+
+<p>To create your own XML-RPC server involves initializing the XML-RPC Server class in your controller where you expect the incoming
+request to appear, then setting up an array with mapping instructions so that incoming requests can be sent to the appropriate
+class and method for processing.</p>
+
+<p>Here is an example to illustrate:</p>
+
+<code>$this->load->library('xmlrpcs');<br />
+<br />
+$config['functions']['<var>new_post</var>']; = array('function' => '<dfn>My_blog.new_entry</dfn>');<br />
+$config['functions']['<var>update_post</var>'] = array('function' => '<dfn>My_blog.update_entry</dfn>');<br />
+<br />
+$this->xmlrpcs->initialize($config);<br />
+$this->xmlrpcs->serve();</code>
+
+<p>The above example contains an array specifying two method requests that the Server allows.
+The allowed methods are on the left side of the array. When either of those are received, they will be mapped to the class and method on the right.
+
+<p>In other words, if an XML-RPC Client sends a request for the <var>new_post</var> method, your
+server will load the <dfn>My_blog</dfn> class and call the <dfn>new_entry</dfn> function.
+If the request is for the <var>update_post</var> method, your
+server will load the <dfn>My_blog</dfn> class and call the <dfn>update_entry</dfn> function.</p>
+
+<p>The function names in the above example are arbitrary. You'll decide what they should be called on your server,
+or if you are using standardized APIs, like the Blogger or MetaWeblog API, you'll use their function names.</p>
+
+
+<h2>Processing Server Requests</h2>
+
+<p>When the XML-RPC Server receives a request and loads the class/method for processing, it will pass
+an object to that method containing the data sent by the client.</p>
+
+<p>Using the above example, if the <var>new_post</var> method is requested, the server will expect a class
+to exist with this prototype:</p>
+
+<code>class <kbd>My_blog</kbd> extends Controller {<br />
+<br />
+ function <kbd>new_post</kbd>(<var>$request</var>)<br />
+ {<br />
+ <br />
+ }<br />
+}
+</code>
+
+<p>The <var>$request</var> variable is an object compiled by the Server, which contains the data sent by the XML-RPC Client.
+Using this object you will have access to the <em>request parameters</em> enabling you to process the request. When
+you are done you will send a <dfn>Response</dfn> back to the Client.<p>
+
+<p>Below is a real-world example, using the Blogger API. One of the methods in the Blogger API is <dfn>getUserInfo()</dfn>.
+Using this method, an XML-RPC Client can send the Server a username and password, in return the Server sends
+back information about that particular user (nickname, user ID, email address, etc.). Here is how the processing
+function might look:</p>
+
+
+<code>class <kbd>My_blog</kbd> extends Controller {<br />
+<br />
+ function <kbd>getUserInfo</kbd>(<var>$request</var>)<br />
+ {<br />
+
+ $username = 'smitty';<br />
+ $password = 'secretsmittypass';<br /><br />
+
+ $this->load->library('xmlrpc');<br />
+ <br />
+ $parameters = $request->output_parameters();<br />
+ <br />
+ if ($parameters['1'] != $username AND $parameters['2'] != $password)<br />
+ {<br />
+ return $this->xmlrpc->send_error_message('100', 'Invalid Access');<br />
+ }<br />
+ <br />
+ $response = array(array('nickname' => array('Smitty','string'),<br />
+ 'userid' => array('99','string'),<br />
+ 'url' => array('http://yoursite.com','string'),<br />
+ 'email' => array('jsmith@yoursite.com','string'),<br />
+ 'lastname' => array('Smith','string'),<br />
+ 'firstname' => array('John','string')<br />
+ ),<br />
+ 'struct');<br />
+<br />
+ $this->xmlrpc->send_response($response);<br />
+ }<br />
+}
+</code>
+
+<h3>Notes:</h3>
+<p>The <dfn>output_parameters()</dfn> function retrieves an indexed array corresponding to the request parameters sent by the client.
+In the above example, the output parameters will be the username and password.</p>
+
+<p>If the username and password sent by the client were not valid, and error message is returned using <dfn>send_error_message()</dfn>.</p>
+
+<p>If the operation was successful, the client will be sent back a response array containing the user's info.</p>
+
+
+<h2>Formatting a Response</h2>
+
+<p>Similar to <em>Requests</em>, <em>Responses</em> must be formatted as an array. However, unlike requests, a response is an array
+<strong>that contains a single item</strong>. This item can be an array with several additional arrays, but there
+can be only one primary array index. In other words, the basic prototype is this:</p>
+
+<code>$request = array('Response data', 'array');</code>
+
+<p>Responses, however, usually contain multiple pieces of information. In order to accomplish this we must put the response into its own
+array so that the primary array continues to contain a single piece of data. Here's an example showing how this might be accomplished:</p>
+
+<code>
+$request = array (<br />
+ array(<br />
+ 'first_name' => array('John', 'string'),<br />
+ 'last_name' => array('Doe', 'string'),<br />
+ 'member_id' => array(123435, 'int'),<br />
+ 'todo_list' => array(array('clean house', 'call mom', 'water plants'), 'array'),<br />
+ ),<br />
+ 'struct'<br />
+ );
+</code>
+
+<p class="important">Notice that the above array is formatted as a <dfn>struct</dfn>. This is the most common data type for responses.</p>
+
+<p>As with Requests, a response can be on of the seven data types listed in the <a href="#datatypes">Data Types</a> section.</p>
+
+
+<h2>Sending an Error Response</h2>
+
+<p>If you need to send the client an error response you will use the following:</p>
+
+<code>return $this->xmlrpc->send_error_message('123', 'Requested data not available');</code>
+
+<p>The first parameter is the error number while the second parameter is the error message.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>Creating Your Own Client and Server</h2>
+
+<p>To help you understand everything we've covered thus far, let's create a couple controllers that act as
+XML-RPC Client and Server. You'll use the Client to send a request to the Server and receive a response.</p>
+
+<h3>The Client</h3>
+
+<p>Using a text editor, create a controller called <dfn>xmlrpc_client.php</dfn>.
+In it, place this code and save it to your <samp>applications/controllers/</samp> folder:</p>
+
+<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="32"><?php
+
+class Xmlrpc_client extends Controller {
+
+ function index()
+ {
+ $this->load->helper('url');
+ $server_url = site_url('xmlrpc_server');
+
+ $this->load->library('xmlrpc');
+
+ $this->xmlrpc->server($server_url, 80);
+ $this->xmlrpc->method('Greetings');
+
+ $request = array('How is it going?');
+ $this->xmlrpc->request($request);
+
+ if ( ! $this->xmlrpc->send_request())
+ {
+ echo $this->xmlrpc->display_error();
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ echo '<pre>';
+ print_r($this->xmlrpc->display_response());
+ echo '</pre>';
+ }
+ }
+}
+?></textarea>
+
+<p>Note: In the above code we are using a "url helper". You can find more information in the <a href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers Functions</a> page.</p>
+
+<h3>The Server</h3>
+
+<p>Using a text editor, create a controller called <dfn>xmlrpc_server.php</dfn>.
+In it, place this code and save it to your <samp>applications/controllers/</samp> folder:</p>
+
+<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="30"><?php
+
+class Xmlrpc_server extends Controller {
+
+ function index()
+ {
+ $this->load->library('xmlrpcs');
+
+ $config['functions']['Greetings'] = array('function' => 'Xmlrpc_server.process');
+
+ $this->xmlrpcs->initialize($config);
+ $this->xmlrpcs->serve();
+ }
+
+
+ function process($request)
+ {
+ $parameters = $request->output_parameters();
+
+ $response = array(
+ array(
+ 'you_said' => $parameters['0'],
+ 'i_respond' => 'Not bad at all.'),
+ 'struct');
+
+ return $this->xmlrpc->send_response($response);
+ }
+}
+?></textarea>
+
+<h3>Try it!</h3>
+
+<p>Now visit the your site using a URL similar to this:</p>
+<code>www.your-site.com/index.php/<var>xmlrpc_client</var>/</code>
+
+<p>You should now see the message you sent to the server, and its response back to you.</p>
+
+<p>The client you created sends a message ("How's is going?") to the server, along with a reqest for the "Greetings" method.
+The Server receives the request and maps it to the "process" function, where a response is sent back.</p>
+
+
+
+<p> </p>
+<h1>XML-RPC Function Reference</h1>
+
+<h2>$this->xmlrpc->server()</h2>
+<p>Sets the URL and port number of the server to which a request is to be sent:</p>
+<code>$this->xmlrpc->server('http://www.sometimes.com/pings.php', 80);</code>
+
+<h2>$this->xmlrpc->timeout()</h2>
+<p>Set a time out period (in seconds) after which the request will be canceled:</p>
+<code>$this->xmlrpc->timeout(6);</code>
+
+<h2>$this->xmlrpc->method()</h2>
+<p>Sets the method that will be requested from the XML-RPC server:</p>
+<code>$this->xmlrpc->method('<var>method</var>');</code>
+
+<p>Where <var>method</var> is the name of the method.</p>
+
+<h2>$this->xmlrpc->request()</h2>
+<p>Takes an array of data and builds request to be sent to XML-RPC server:</p>
+<code>$request = array(array('My Photoblog', 'string'), 'http://www.yoursite.com/photoblog/');<br />
+$this->xmlrpc->request($request);</code>
+
+<h2>$this->xmlrpc->send_request()</h2>
+<p>The request sending function. Returns boolean TRUE or FALSE based on success for failure, enabling it to be used conditionally.</p>
+
+<h2>$this->xmlrpc->set_debug(TRUE);</h2>
+<p>Enables debugging, which will display a variety of information and error data helpful during development.</p>
+
+
+<h2>$this->xmlrpc->display_error()</h2>
+<p>Returns an error message as a string if your request failed for some reason.</p>
+<code>echo $this->xmlrpc->display_error();</code>
+
+<h2>$this->xmlrpc->display_response()</h2>
+<p>Returns the response from the remote server once request is received. The response will typically be an associative array.</p>
+<code>$this->xmlrpc->display_response();</code>
+
+<h2>$this->xmlrpc->send_error_message()</h2>
+<p>This function lets you send an error message from your server to the client. First parameter is the error number while the second parameter
+is the error message.</p>
+<code>return $this->xmlrpc->send_error_message('123', 'Requested data not available');</code>
+
+<h2>$this->xmlrpc->send_response()</h2>
+<p>Lets you send the response from your server to the client. An array of of valid data values must be sent with this method.</p>
+<code>$response = array(<br />
+ array(<br />
+ 'flerror' => array(FALSE, 'boolean'),<br />
+ 'message' => "Thanks for the ping!")<br />
+ )<br />
+ 'struct');<br />
+return $this->xmlrpc->send_response($response);</code>
+
+
+<a name="datatypes"></a>
+<h2>Data Types</h2>
+
+<p>According to the <a href="http://www.xmlrpc.com/spec">XML-RPC spec</a> there are seven types
+of values that you can send via XML-RPC:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><em>int</em> or <em>i4</em></li>
+<li><em>boolean</em></li>
+<li><em>string</em></li>
+<li><em>double</em></li>
+<li><em>dateTime.iso8601</em></li>
+<li><em>base64</em></li>
+<li><em>struct</em> (contains array of values)</li>
+<li><em>array</em> (contains array of values)</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</div>
+<!-- END CONTENT -->
+
+
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