[ci skip] 3.1.9 release

author: Andrey Andreev <narf@devilix.net> 2018-06-12 15:45:46 +0200
committer: Andrey Andreev <narf@devilix.net> 2018-06-12 15:45:46 +0200
commit: 30e2eafa86c4c7b6b39cea3e7089a90df9f603fb (patch)
tree: 391bc1e62d8d0ad045e18a6da72e3e2a59e91503 /user_guide/tutorial
parent: a9da3dd2f16a8f97d7bc4ff5572b28e4bb84c813 (diff)
5 files changed, 2987 insertions, 0 deletions
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+
+
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Tutorial</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="news_section.html">News section</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+          
+        
+      </div>
+      &nbsp;
+    </nav>
+
+    <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
+
+      
+      <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
+        <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
+        <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
+      </nav>
+
+
+      
+      <div class="wy-nav-content">
+        <div class="rst-content">
+          <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
+  <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+    <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+      
+        <li><a href="index.html">Tutorial</a> &raquo;</li>
+      
+    <li>Conclusion</li>
+    <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+      
+    </li>
+    <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+      <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+    </div>
+  </ul>
+  <hr/>
+</div>
+          <div role="main" class="document">
+            
+  <div class="section" id="conclusion">
+<h1>Conclusion<a class="headerlink" href="#conclusion" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>This tutorial did not cover all of the things you might expect of a
+full-fledged content management system, but it introduced you to the
+more important topics of routing, writing controllers, and models. We
+hope this tutorial gave you an insight into some of CodeIgniter’s basic
+design patterns, which you can expand upon.</p>
+<p>Now that you’ve completed this tutorial, we recommend you check out the
+rest of the documentation. CodeIgniter is often praised because of its
+comprehensive documentation. Use this to your advantage and read the
+“Introduction” and “General Topics” sections thoroughly. You should read
+the class and helper references when needed.</p>
+<p>Every intermediate PHP programmer should be able to get the hang of
+CodeIgniter within a few days.</p>
+<p>If you still have questions about the framework or your own CodeIgniter
+code, you can:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>Check out our <a class="reference external" href="http://forum.codeigniter.com/">forums</a></li>
+<li>Visit our <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/wiki/IRC">IRC chatroom</a></li>
+<li>Explore the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/wiki/">Wiki</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+
+          </div>
+          <footer>
+  
+    <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+      
+        <a href="../contributing/index.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Contributing to CodeIgniter">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+      
+      
+        <a href="create_news_items.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Create news items"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+      
+    </div>
+  
+
+  <hr/>
+
+  <div role="contentinfo">
+    <p>
+        &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+      Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+    </p>
+  </div>
+
+  Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
+  
+</footer>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+    </section>
+
+  </div>
+  
+
+
+  
+
+    <script type="text/javascript">
+        var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
+            URL_ROOT:'../',
+            VERSION:'3.1.9',
+            COLLAPSE_INDEX:false,
+            FILE_SUFFIX:'.html',
+            HAS_SOURCE:  false
+        };
+    </script>
+      <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+      <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
+      <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
+
+  
+
+  
+  
+    <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/theme.js"></script>
+  
+
+  
+  
+  <script type="text/javascript">
+      jQuery(function () {
+          SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable();
+      });
+  </script>
+   
+
+</body>
+</html>
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide/tutorial/create_news_items.html b/user_guide/tutorial/create_news_items.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d05b2f4fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/tutorial/create_news_items.html
@@ -0,0 +1,629 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+  <meta charset="utf-8">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+  
+  <title>Create news items &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
+  
+
+  
+  
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+  
+
+  
+  <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
+
+  
+  
+    
+
+  
+
+  
+  
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
+  
+
+  
+        <link rel="index" title="Index"
+              href="../genindex.html"/>
+        <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
+    <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
+        <link rel="up" title="Tutorial" href="index.html"/>
+        <link rel="next" title="Conclusion" href="conclusion.html"/>
+        <link rel="prev" title="News section" href="news_section.html"/> 
+
+  
+  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
+
+</head>
+
+<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
+
+  <div id="nav">
+  <div id="nav_inner">
+    
+    
+    
+      <div id="pulldown-menu" class="ciNav">
+        <ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Tutorial</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="news_section.html">News section</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Create news items</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+          
+        
+      </div>
+      &nbsp;
+    </nav>
+
+    <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
+
+      
+      <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
+        <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
+        <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
+      </nav>
+
+
+      
+      <div class="wy-nav-content">
+        <div class="rst-content">
+          <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
+  <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+    <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+      
+        <li><a href="index.html">Tutorial</a> &raquo;</li>
+      
+    <li>Create news items</li>
+    <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+      
+    </li>
+    <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+      <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+    </div>
+  </ul>
+  <hr/>
+</div>
+          <div role="main" class="document">
+            
+  <div class="section" id="create-news-items">
+<h1>Create news items<a class="headerlink" href="#create-news-items" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>You now know how you can read data from a database using CodeIgniter, but
+you haven’t written any information to the database yet. In this section
+you’ll expand your news controller and model created earlier to include
+this functionality.</p>
+<div class="section" id="create-a-form">
+<h2>Create a form<a class="headerlink" href="#create-a-form" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>To input data into the database you need to create a form where you can
+input the information to be stored. This means you’ll be needing a form
+with two fields, one for the title and one for the text. You’ll derive
+the slug from our title in the model. Create the new view at
+<em>application/views/news/create.php</em>.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">h2</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span><span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">h2</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">validation_errors</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">form_open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/create&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
+
+    <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">label</span> <span class="na">for</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;title&quot;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Title<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">label</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+    <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">input</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;input&quot;</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;title&quot;</span> <span class="p">/&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span> <span class="p">/&gt;</span>
+
+    <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">label</span> <span class="na">for</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;text&quot;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>Text<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">label</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+    <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">textarea</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;text&quot;</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nt">textarea</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nt">br</span> <span class="p">/&gt;</span>
+
+    <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">input</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;submit&quot;</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;submit&quot;</span> <span class="na">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;Create news item&quot;</span> <span class="p">/&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">form</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>There are only two things here that probably look unfamiliar to you: the
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_open()</span></code> function and the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">validation_errors()</span></code> function.</p>
+<p>The first function is provided by the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html"><span class="doc">form
+helper</span></a> and renders the form element and
+adds extra functionality, like adding a hidden <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html"><span class="doc">CSRF prevention
+field</span></a>. The latter is used to report
+errors related to form validation.</p>
+<p>Go back to your news controller. You’re going to do two things here,
+check whether the form was submitted and whether the submitted data
+passed the validation rules. You’ll use the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><span class="doc">form
+validation</span></a> library to do this.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">create</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="p">{</span>
+    <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;form&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+    <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;form_validation&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+    <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Create a news item&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+
+    <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">form_validation</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_rules</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Title&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;required&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+    <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">form_validation</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_rules</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Text&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;required&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">form_validation</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">run</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="p">{</span>
+        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;templates/header&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/create&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;templates/footer&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+    <span class="p">}</span>
+    <span class="k">else</span>
+    <span class="p">{</span>
+        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">news_model</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_news</span><span class="p">();</span>
+        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/success&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+    <span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The code above adds a lot of functionality. The first few lines load the
+form helper and the form validation library. After that, rules for the
+form validation are set. The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_rules()</span></code> method takes three arguments;
+the name of the input field, the name to be used in error messages, and
+the rule. In this case the title and text fields are required.</p>
+<p>CodeIgniter has a powerful form validation library as demonstrated
+above. You can read <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><span class="doc">more about this library
+here</span></a>.</p>
+<p>Continuing down, you can see a condition that checks whether the form
+validation ran successfully. If it did not, the form is displayed, if it
+was submitted <strong>and</strong> passed all the rules, the model is called. After
+this, a view is loaded to display a success message. Create a view at
+<em>application/views/news/success.php</em> and write a success message.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="model">
+<h2>Model<a class="headerlink" href="#model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The only thing that remains is writing a method that writes the data to
+the database. You’ll use the Query Builder class to insert the
+information and use the input library to get the posted data. Open up
+the model created earlier and add the following:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">set_news</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="p">{</span>
+    <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;url&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+    <span class="nv">$slug</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">url_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s1">&#39;dash&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+    <span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+        <span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span>
+        <span class="s1">&#39;slug&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$slug</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+    <span class="p">);</span>
+
+    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>This new method takes care of inserting the news item into the database.
+The third line contains a new function, url_title(). This function -
+provided by the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html"><span class="doc">URL helper</span></a> - strips down
+the string you pass it, replacing all spaces by dashes (-) and makes
+sure everything is in lowercase characters. This leaves you with a nice
+slug, perfect for creating URIs.</p>
+<p>Let’s continue with preparing the record that is going to be inserted
+later, inside the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$data</span></code> array. Each element corresponds with a column in
+the database table created earlier. You might notice a new method here,
+namely the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">post()</span></code> method from the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><span class="doc">input
+library</span></a>. This method makes sure the data is
+sanitized, protecting you from nasty attacks from others. The input
+library is loaded by default. At last, you insert our <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$data</span></code> array into
+our database.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="routing">
+<h2>Routing<a class="headerlink" href="#routing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Before you can start adding news items into your CodeIgniter application
+you have to add an extra rule to <em>config/routes.php</em> file. Make sure your
+file contains the following. This makes sure CodeIgniter sees ‘create’
+as a method instead of a news item’s slug.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/create&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;news/create&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/(:any)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;news/view/$1&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;news&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;news&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;(:any)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pages/view/$1&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default_controller&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pages/view&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Now point your browser to your local development environment where you
+installed CodeIgniter and add index.php/news/create to the URL.
+Congratulations, you just created your first CodeIgniter application!
+Add some news and check out the different pages you made.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+          </div>
+          <footer>
+  
+    <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+      
+        <a href="conclusion.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Conclusion">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+      
+      
+        <a href="news_section.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="News section"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+      
+    </div>
+  
+
+  <hr/>
+
+  <div role="contentinfo">
+    <p>
+        &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+      Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+    </p>
+  </div>
+
+  Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
+  
+</footer>
+        </div>
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+
+    </section>
+
+  </div>
+  
+
+
+  
+
+    <script type="text/javascript">
+        var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
+            URL_ROOT:'../',
+            VERSION:'3.1.9',
+            COLLAPSE_INDEX:false,
+            FILE_SUFFIX:'.html',
+            HAS_SOURCE:  false
+        };
+    </script>
+      <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+      <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
+      <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
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+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide/tutorial/index.html b/user_guide/tutorial/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2c7c6079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/tutorial/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+
+
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+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+          
+        
+      </div>
+      &nbsp;
+    </nav>
+
+    <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
+
+      
+      <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
+        <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
+        <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
+      </nav>
+
+
+      
+      <div class="wy-nav-content">
+        <div class="rst-content">
+          <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
+  <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+    <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+      
+    <li>Tutorial</li>
+    <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+      
+    </li>
+    <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+      <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+    </div>
+  </ul>
+  <hr/>
+</div>
+          <div role="main" class="document">
+            
+  <div class="section" id="tutorial">
+<h1>Tutorial<a class="headerlink" href="#tutorial" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>This tutorial is intended to introduce you to the CodeIgniter framework
+and the basic principles of MVC architecture. It will show you how a
+basic CodeIgniter application is constructed in step-by-step fashion.</p>
+<p>In this tutorial, you will be creating a <strong>basic news application</strong>. You
+will begin by writing the code that can load static pages. Next, you
+will create a news section that reads news items from a database.
+Finally, you’ll add a form to create news items in the database.</p>
+<p>This tutorial will primarily focus on:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>Model-View-Controller basics</li>
+<li>Routing basics</li>
+<li>Form validation</li>
+<li>Performing basic database queries using “Query Builder”</li>
+</ul>
+<p>The entire tutorial is split up over several pages, each explaining a
+small part of the functionality of the CodeIgniter framework. You’ll go
+through the following pages:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>Introduction, this page, which gives you an overview of what to
+expect.</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="static_pages.html"><span class="doc">Static pages</span></a>, which will teach you the basics
+of controllers, views and routing.</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="news_section.html"><span class="doc">News section</span></a>, where you’ll start using models
+and will be doing some basic database operations.</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="create_news_items.html"><span class="doc">Create news items</span></a>, which will introduce
+more advanced database operations and form validation.</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="conclusion.html"><span class="doc">Conclusion</span></a>, which will give you some pointers on
+further reading and other resources.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Enjoy your exploration of the CodeIgniter framework.</p>
+<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+          </div>
+          <footer>
+  
+    <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+      
+        <a href="static_pages.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Static pages">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+      
+      
+        <a href="../overview/goals.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Design and Architectural Goals"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+      
+    </div>
+  
+
+  <hr/>
+
+  <div role="contentinfo">
+    <p>
+        &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+      Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+    </p>
+  </div>
+
+  Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
+  
+</footer>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+    </section>
+
+  </div>
+  
+
+
+  
+
+    <script type="text/javascript">
+        var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
+            URL_ROOT:'../',
+            VERSION:'3.1.9',
+            COLLAPSE_INDEX:false,
+            FILE_SUFFIX:'.html',
+            HAS_SOURCE:  false
+        };
+    </script>
+      <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+      <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
+      <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
+
+  
+
+  
+  
+    <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/theme.js"></script>
+  
+
+  
+  
+  <script type="text/javascript">
+      jQuery(function () {
+          SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable();
+      });
+  </script>
+   
+
+</body>
+</html>
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide/tutorial/news_section.html b/user_guide/tutorial/news_section.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0b9aa526e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/tutorial/news_section.html
@@ -0,0 +1,685 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+  <meta charset="utf-8">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+  
+  <title>News section &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
+  
+
+  
+  
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+  
+
+  
+  <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
+
+  
+  
+    
+
+  
+
+  
+  
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
+  
+
+  
+        <link rel="index" title="Index"
+              href="../genindex.html"/>
+        <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
+    <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
+        <link rel="up" title="Tutorial" href="index.html"/>
+        <link rel="next" title="Create news items" href="create_news_items.html"/>
+        <link rel="prev" title="Static pages" href="static_pages.html"/> 
+
+  
+  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
+
+</head>
+
+<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
+
+  <div id="nav">
+  <div id="nav_inner">
+    
+    
+    
+      <div id="pulldown-menu" class="ciNav">
+        <ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/welcome.html">Welcome to CodeIgniter</a></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/downloads.html">Downloading CodeIgniter</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html">Installation Instructions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/index.html">CodeIgniter Overview</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/getting_started.html">Getting Started</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/at_a_glance.html">CodeIgniter at a Glance</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/features.html">Supported Features</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/appflow.html">Application Flow Chart</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/mvc.html">Model-View-Controller</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Tutorial</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="static_pages.html">Static pages</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">News section</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
+</ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+          
+        
+      </div>
+      &nbsp;
+    </nav>
+
+    <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
+
+      
+      <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
+        <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
+        <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
+      </nav>
+
+
+      
+      <div class="wy-nav-content">
+        <div class="rst-content">
+          <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
+  <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+    <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+      
+        <li><a href="index.html">Tutorial</a> &raquo;</li>
+      
+    <li>News section</li>
+    <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+      
+    </li>
+    <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+      <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+    </div>
+  </ul>
+  <hr/>
+</div>
+          <div role="main" class="document">
+            
+  <div class="section" id="news-section">
+<h1>News section<a class="headerlink" href="#news-section" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>In the last section, we went over some basic concepts of the framework
+by writing a class that includes static pages. We cleaned up the URI by
+adding custom routing rules. Now it’s time to introduce dynamic content
+and start using a database.</p>
+<div class="section" id="setting-up-your-model">
+<h2>Setting up your model<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-up-your-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Instead of writing database operations right in the controller, queries
+should be placed in a model, so they can easily be reused later. Models
+are the place where you retrieve, insert, and update information in your
+database or other data stores. They represent your data.</p>
+<p>Open up the <em>application/models/</em> directory and create a new file called
+<em>News_model.php</em> and add the following code. Make sure you’ve configured
+your database properly as described <a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html"><span class="doc">here</span></a>.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
+<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">News_model</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Model</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+
+        <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">__construct</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="p">{</span>
+                <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">database</span><span class="p">();</span>
+        <span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>This code looks similar to the controller code that was used earlier. It
+creates a new model by extending <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Model</span></code> and loads the database
+library. This will make the database class available through the
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;db</span></code> object.</p>
+<p>Before querying the database, a database schema has to be created.
+Connect to your database and run the SQL command below (MySQL).
+Also add some seed records.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">CREATE</span> <span class="nx">TABLE</span> <span class="nx">news</span> <span class="p">(</span>
+        <span class="nx">id</span> <span class="nx">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="nx">AUTO_INCREMENT</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="nx">title</span> <span class="nx">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="nx">slug</span> <span class="nx">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="nx">text</span> <span class="nx">text</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span>
+        <span class="nx">PRIMARY</span> <span class="nx">KEY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">id</span><span class="p">),</span>
+        <span class="nx">KEY</span> <span class="nx">slug</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">slug</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Now that the database and a model have been set up, you’ll need a method
+to get all of our posts from our database. To do this, the database
+abstraction layer that is included with CodeIgniter —
+<a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html"><span class="doc">Query Builder</span></a> — is used. This makes it
+possible to write your ‘queries’ once and make them work on <a class="reference internal" href="../general/requirements.html"><span class="doc">all
+supported database systems</span></a>. Add the
+following code to your model.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">get_news</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$slug</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">{</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$slug</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="p">{</span>
+                <span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+                <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">result_array</span><span class="p">();</span>
+        <span class="p">}</span>
+
+        <span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_where</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;slug&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$slug</span><span class="p">));</span>
+        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">row_array</span><span class="p">();</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>With this code you can perform two different queries. You can get all
+news records, or get a news item by its <a class="reference external" href="#">slug</a>. You might have
+noticed that the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$slug</span></code> variable wasn’t sanitized before running the
+query; <a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html"><span class="doc">Query Builder</span></a> does this for you.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="display-the-news">
+<h2>Display the news<a class="headerlink" href="#display-the-news" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Now that the queries are written, the model should be tied to the views
+that are going to display the news items to the user. This could be done
+in our <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Pages</span></code> controller created earlier, but for the sake of clarity,
+a new <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">News</span></code> controller is defined. Create the new controller at
+<em>application/controllers/News.php</em>.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
+<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">News</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+
+        <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">__construct</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="p">{</span>
+                <span class="k">parent</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">__construct</span><span class="p">();</span>
+                <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news_model&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+                <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;url_helper&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+        <span class="p">}</span>
+
+        <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span>
+        <span class="p">{</span>
+                <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;news&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">news_model</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_news</span><span class="p">();</span>
+        <span class="p">}</span>
+
+        <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$slug</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="p">{</span>
+                <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;news_item&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">news_model</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_news</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$slug</span><span class="p">);</span>
+        <span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Looking at the code, you may see some similarity with the files we
+created earlier. First, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__construct()</span></code> method: it calls the
+constructor of its parent class (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Controller</span></code>) and loads the model,
+so it can be used in all other methods in this controller.
+It also loads a collection of <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html"><span class="doc">URL Helper</span></a>
+functions, because we’ll use one of them in a view later.</p>
+<p>Next, there are two methods to view all news items and one for a specific
+news item. You can see that the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$slug</span></code> variable is passed to the model’s
+method in the second method. The model is using this slug to identify the
+news item to be returned.</p>
+<p>Now the data is retrieved by the controller through our model, but
+nothing is displayed yet. The next thing to do is passing this data to
+the views.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span>
+<span class="p">{</span>
+        <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;news&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">news_model</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_news</span><span class="p">();</span>
+        <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;News archive&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+
+        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;templates/header&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/index&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;templates/footer&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The code above gets all news records from the model and assigns it to a
+variable. The value for the title is also assigned to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$data['title']</span></code>
+element and all data is passed to the views. You now need to create a
+view to render the news items. Create <em>application/views/news/index.php</em>
+and add the next piece of code.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">h2</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span><span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">h2</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$news</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$news_item</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
+
+        <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">h3</span><span class="p">&gt;</span><span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$news_item</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span><span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">h3</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+        <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;main&quot;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+                <span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$news_item</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
+        <span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+        <span class="p">&lt;</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="nt">a</span> <span class="na">href</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">site_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nv">$news_item</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;slug&#39;</span><span class="p">]);</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>View article<span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">a</span><span class="p">&gt;&lt;/</span><span class="nt">p</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="cp">&lt;?php</span> <span class="k">endforeach</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Here, each news item is looped and displayed to the user. You can see we
+wrote our template in PHP mixed with HTML. If you prefer to use a template
+language, you can use CodeIgniter’s <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html"><span class="doc">Template
+Parser</span></a> class or a third party parser.</p>
+<p>The news overview page is now done, but a page to display individual
+news items is still absent. The model created earlier is made in such
+way that it can easily be used for this functionality. You only need to
+add some code to the controller and create a new view. Go back to the
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">News</span></code> controller and update <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">view()</span></code> with the following:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$slug</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">{</span>
+        <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;news_item&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">news_model</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_news</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$slug</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;news_item&#39;</span><span class="p">]))</span>
+        <span class="p">{</span>
+                <span class="nx">show_404</span><span class="p">();</span>
+        <span class="p">}</span>
+
+        <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;news_item&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
+
+        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;templates/header&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/view&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;templates/footer&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Instead of calling the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_news()</span></code> method without a parameter, the
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$slug</span></code> variable is passed, so it will return the specific news item.
+The only things left to do is create the corresponding view at
+<em>application/views/news/view.php</em>. Put the following code in this file.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&lt;h2&gt;&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nv">$news_item</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s1">&#39;&lt;/h2&gt;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$news_item</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;text&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="routing">
+<h2>Routing<a class="headerlink" href="#routing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Because of the wildcard routing rule created earlier, you need an extra
+route to view the controller that you just made. Modify your routing file
+(<em>application/config/routes.php</em>) so it looks as follows.
+This makes sure the requests reaches the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">News</span></code> controller instead of
+going directly to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Pages</span></code> controller. The first line routes URI’s
+with a slug to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">view()</span></code> method in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">News</span></code> controller.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/(:any)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;news/view/$1&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;news&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;news&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;(:any)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pages/view/$1&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default_controller&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pages/view&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Point your browser to your document root, followed by index.php/news and
+watch your news page.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+          </div>
+          <footer>
+  
+    <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+      
+        <a href="create_news_items.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Create news items">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+      
+      
+        <a href="static_pages.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Static pages"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+      
+    </div>
+  
+
+  <hr/>
+
+  <div role="contentinfo">
+    <p>
+        &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+      Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+    </p>
+  </div>
+
+  Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>.
+  
+</footer>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+    </section>
+
+  </div>
+  
+
+
+  
+
+    <script type="text/javascript">
+        var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
+            URL_ROOT:'../',
+            VERSION:'3.1.9',
+            COLLAPSE_INDEX:false,
+            FILE_SUFFIX:'.html',
+            HAS_SOURCE:  false
+        };
+    </script>
+      <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script>
+      <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script>
+      <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script>
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+</html>
+\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide/tutorial/static_pages.html b/user_guide/tutorial/static_pages.html
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0539f997c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide/tutorial/static_pages.html
@@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
+
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+  <meta charset="utf-8">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+  
+  <title>Static pages &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title>
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+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/>
+  
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+  
+  <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
+
+  
+  
+    
+
+  
+
+  
+  
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" />
+  
+
+  
+        <link rel="index" title="Index"
+              href="../genindex.html"/>
+        <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/>
+    <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation" href="../index.html"/>
+        <link rel="up" title="Tutorial" href="index.html"/>
+        <link rel="next" title="News section" href="news_section.html"/>
+        <link rel="prev" title="Tutorial" href="index.html"/> 
+
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+  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.6.2/modernizr.min.js"></script>
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+<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../overview/goals.html">Architectural Goals</a></li>
+</ul>
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+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Tutorial</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Static pages</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="news_section.html">News section</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
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+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Tutorial</a><ul class="current">
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
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+
+          
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+    <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
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+      
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+      
+    </li>
+    <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+      <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+    </div>
+  </ul>
+  <hr/>
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+          <div role="main" class="document">
+            
+  <div class="section" id="static-pages">
+<h1>Static pages<a class="headerlink" href="#static-pages" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p><strong>Note:</strong> This tutorial assumes you’ve downloaded CodeIgniter and
+<a class="reference internal" href="../installation/index.html"><span class="doc">installed the framework</span></a> in your
+development environment.</p>
+<p>The first thing you’re going to do is set up a <strong>controller</strong> to handle
+static pages. A controller is simply a class that helps delegate work.
+It is the glue of your web application.</p>
+<p>For example, when a call is made to:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<div><a class="reference external" href="http://example.com/news/latest/10">http://example.com/news/latest/10</a></div></blockquote>
+<p>We might imagine that there is a controller named “news”. The method
+being called on news would be “latest”. The news method’s job could be to
+grab 10 news items, and render them on the page. Very often in MVC,
+you’ll see URL patterns that match:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<div><a class="reference external" href="http://example.com/[controller-class]/[controller-method]/[arguments">http://example.com/[controller-class]/[controller-method]/[arguments</a>]</div></blockquote>
+<p>As URL schemes become more complex, this may change. But for now, this
+is all we will need to know.</p>
+<p>Create a file at <em>application/controllers/Pages.php</em> with the following
+code.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span>
+<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Pages</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+
+        <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$page</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;home&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+        <span class="p">{</span>
+        <span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>You have created a class named <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Pages</span></code>, with a view method that accepts
+one argument named <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$page</span></code>. The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Pages</span></code> class is extending the
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Controller</span></code> class. This means that the new pages class can access the
+methods and variables defined in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Controller</span></code> class
+(<em>system/core/Controller.php</em>).</p>
+<p>The <strong>controller is what will become the center of every request</strong> to
+your web application. In very technical CodeIgniter discussions, it may
+be referred to as the <em>super object</em>. Like any php class, you refer to
+it within your controllers as <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this</span></code>. Referring to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this</span></code> is how
+you will load libraries, views, and generally command the framework.</p>
+<p>Now you’ve created your first method, it’s time to make some basic page
+templates. We will be creating two “views” (page templates) that act as
+our page footer and header.</p>
+<p>Create the header at <em>application/views/templates/header.php</em> and add
+the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
+        <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
+                <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="nx">CodeIgniter</span> <span class="nx">Tutorial</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
+        <span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
+        <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
+
+                <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">&gt;&lt;?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="cp">?&gt;</span><span class="p">&lt;/</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The header contains the basic HTML code that you’ll want to display
+before loading the main view, together with a heading. It will also
+output the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$title</span></code> variable, which we’ll define later in the controller.
+Now, create a footer at <em>application/views/templates/footer.php</em> that
+includes the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>                <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">em</span><span class="o">&gt;&amp;</span><span class="nb">copy</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="mi">2015</span><span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">em</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
+        <span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
+<span class="o">&lt;/</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="adding-logic-to-the-controller">
+<h2>Adding logic to the controller<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-logic-to-the-controller" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Earlier you set up a controller with a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">view()</span></code> method. The method
+accepts one parameter, which is the name of the page to be loaded. The
+static page templates will be located in the <em>application/views/pages/</em>
+directory.</p>
+<p>In that directory, create two files named <em>home.php</em> and <em>about.php</em>.
+Within those files, type some text − anything you’d like − and save them.
+If you like to be particularly un-original, try “Hello World!”.</p>
+<p>In order to load those pages, you’ll have to check whether the requested
+page actually exists:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$page</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;home&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">{</span>
+        <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="o">!</span> <span class="nb">file_exists</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">APPPATH</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s1">&#39;views/pages/&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nv">$page</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s1">&#39;.php&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
+        <span class="p">{</span>
+                <span class="c1">// Whoops, we don&#39;t have a page for that!</span>
+                <span class="nx">show_404</span><span class="p">();</span>
+        <span class="p">}</span>
+
+        <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">ucfirst</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$page</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Capitalize the first letter</span>
+
+        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;templates/header&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;pages/&#39;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nv">$page</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+        <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;templates/footer&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Now, when the page does exist, it is loaded, including the header and
+footer, and displayed to the user. If the page doesn’t exist, a “404
+Page not found” error is shown.</p>
+<p>The first line in this method checks whether the page actually exists.
+PHP’s native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">file_exists()</span></code> function is used to check whether the file
+is where it’s expected to be. <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">show_404()</span></code> is a built-in CodeIgniter
+function that renders the default error page.</p>
+<p>In the header template, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$title</span></code> variable was used to customize the
+page title. The value of title is defined in this method, but instead of
+assigning the value to a variable, it is assigned to the title element
+in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$data</span></code> array.</p>
+<p>The last thing that has to be done is loading the views in the order
+they should be displayed. The second parameter in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">view()</span></code> method is
+used to pass values to the view. Each value in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$data</span></code> array is
+assigned to a variable with the name of its key. So the value of
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$data['title']</span></code> in the controller is equivalent to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$title</span></code> in the
+view.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="routing">
+<h2>Routing<a class="headerlink" href="#routing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The controller is now functioning! Point your browser to
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">[your-site-url]index.php/pages/view</span></code> to see your page. When you visit
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">index.php/pages/view/about</span></code> you’ll see the about page, again including
+the header and footer.</p>
+<p>Using custom routing rules, you have the power to map any URI to any
+controller and method, and break free from the normal convention:
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">http://example.com/[controller-class]/[controller-method]/[arguments]</span></code></p>
+<p>Let’s do that. Open the routing file located at
+<em>application/config/routes.php</em> and add the following two lines.
+Remove all other code that sets any element in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$route</span></code> array.</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default_controller&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pages/view&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;(:any)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;pages/view/$1&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>CodeIgniter reads its routing rules from top to bottom and routes the
+request to the first matching rule. Each rule is a regular expression
+(left-side) mapped to a controller and method name separated by slashes
+(right-side). When a request comes in, CodeIgniter looks for the first
+match, and calls the appropriate controller and method, possibly with
+arguments.</p>
+<p>More information about routing can be found in the URI Routing
+<a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html"><span class="doc">documentation</span></a>.</p>
+<p>Here, the second rule in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$routes</span></code> array matches <strong>any</strong> request
+using the wildcard string <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(:any)</span></code>. and passes the parameter to the
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">view()</span></code> method of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Pages</span></code> class.</p>
+<p>Now visit <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">index.php/about</span></code>. Did it get routed correctly to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">view()</span></code>
+method in the pages controller? Awesome!</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+          </div>
+          <footer>
+  
+    <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+      
+        <a href="news_section.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="News section">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
+      
+      
+        <a href="index.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Tutorial"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a>
+      
+    </div>
+  
+
+  <hr/>
+
+  <div role="contentinfo">
+    <p>
+        &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+      Last updated on Jun 12, 2018.
+    </p>
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+
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+  
+</footer>
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+    </section>
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+  
+
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+        var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
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+\ No newline at end of file
author	Andrey Andreev <narf@devilix.net>	2018-06-12 15:45:46 +0200
committer	Andrey Andreev <narf@devilix.net>	2018-06-12 15:45:46 +0200
commit	30e2eafa86c4c7b6b39cea3e7089a90df9f603fb (patch)
tree	391bc1e62d8d0ad045e18a6da72e3e2a59e91503 /user_guide/tutorial
parent	a9da3dd2f16a8f97d7bc4ff5572b28e4bb84c813 (diff)