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author | Joël Cox <joel@joelcox.nl> | 2011-10-09 18:45:09 +0200 |
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committer | Joël Cox <joel@joelcox.nl> | 2011-10-09 18:45:09 +0200 |
commit | 8ffcb2c8c7ef3da54d7e46c29d502533e413c820 (patch) | |
tree | 1f94e2e81b4d20f2df827b8a84eeda27032161a1 /user_guide_src/source/database/queries.rst | |
parent | f4fb1db458fab52d0493ead52c9ea7e01206eaa7 (diff) | |
parent | 6858c0753a7221796d6a5a1d7fea93cc2f9feb2e (diff) |
Merged develop branch in tutorial.
Diffstat (limited to 'user_guide_src/source/database/queries.rst')
-rw-r--r-- | user_guide_src/source/database/queries.rst | 114 |
1 files changed, 114 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/queries.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/queries.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..971d5d61d --- /dev/null +++ b/user_guide_src/source/database/queries.rst @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +####### +Queries +####### + +$this->db->query(); +=================== + +To submit a query, use the following function:: + + $this->db->query('YOUR QUERY HERE'); + +The query() function returns a database result **object** when "read" +type queries are run, which you can use to :doc:`show your +results <results>`. When "write" type queries are run it simply +returns TRUE or FALSE depending on success or failure. When retrieving +data you will typically assign the query to your own variable, like +this:: + + $query = $this->db->query('YOUR QUERY HERE'); + +$this->db->simple_query(); +=========================== + +This is a simplified version of the $this->db->query() function. It ONLY +returns TRUE/FALSE on success or failure. It DOES NOT return a database +result set, nor does it set the query timer, or compile bind data, or +store your query for debugging. It simply lets you submit a query. Most +users will rarely use this function. + +*************************************** +Working with Database prefixes manually +*************************************** + +If you have configured a database prefix and would like to prepend it to +a table name for use in a native SQL query for example, then you can use +the following:: + + $this->db->dbprefix('tablename'); // outputs prefix_tablename + + +If for any reason you would like to change the prefix programatically +without needing to create a new connection, you can use this method:: + + $this->db->set_dbprefix('newprefix'); + $this->db->dbprefix('tablename'); // outputs newprefix_tablename + + +********************** +Protecting identifiers +********************** + +In many databases it is advisable to protect table and field names - for +example with backticks in MySQL. **Active Record queries are +automatically protected**, however if you need to manually protect an +identifier you can use:: + + $this->db->protect_identifiers('table_name'); + + +This function will also add a table prefix to your table, assuming you +have a prefix specified in your database config file. To enable the +prefixing set TRUE (boolen) via the second parameter:: + + $this->db->protect_identifiers('table_name', TRUE); + + +**************** +Escaping Queries +**************** + +It's a very good security practice to escape your data before submitting +it into your database. CodeIgniter has three methods that help you do +this: + +#. **$this->db->escape()** This function determines the data type so + that it can escape only string data. It also automatically adds + single quotes around the data so you don't have to: + :: + + $sql = "INSERT INTO table (title) VALUES(".$this->db->escape($title).")"; + +#. **$this->db->escape_str()** This function escapes the data passed to + it, regardless of type. Most of the time you'll use the above + function rather than this one. Use the function like this: + :: + + $sql = "INSERT INTO table (title) VALUES('".$this->db->escape_str($title)."')"; + +#. **$this->db->escape_like_str()** This method should be used when + strings are to be used in LIKE conditions so that LIKE wildcards + ('%', '\_') in the string are also properly escaped. + +:: + + $search = '20% raise'; $sql = "SELECT id FROM table WHERE column LIKE '%".$this->db->escape_like_str($search)."%'"; + + +************** +Query Bindings +************** + +Bindings enable you to simplify your query syntax by letting the system +put the queries together for you. Consider the following example:: + + $sql = "SELECT * FROM some_table WHERE id = ? AND status = ? AND author = ?"; + $this->db->query($sql, array(3, 'live', 'Rick')); + +The question marks in the query are automatically replaced with the +values in the array in the second parameter of the query function. + +The secondary benefit of using binds is that the values are +automatically escaped, producing safer queries. You don't have to +remember to manually escape data; the engine does it automatically for +you. |