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authorAndrey Andreev <narf@devilix.net>2018-06-12 15:45:46 +0200
committerAndrey Andreev <narf@devilix.net>2018-06-12 15:45:46 +0200
commit30e2eafa86c4c7b6b39cea3e7089a90df9f603fb (patch)
tree391bc1e62d8d0ad045e18a6da72e3e2a59e91503 /user_guide_src/source/database
parenta9da3dd2f16a8f97d7bc4ff5572b28e4bb84c813 (diff)
[ci skip] 3.1.9 release
Diffstat (limited to 'user_guide_src/source/database')
-rw-r--r--user_guide_src/source/database/caching.rst162
-rw-r--r--user_guide_src/source/database/call_function.rst39
-rw-r--r--user_guide_src/source/database/configuration.rst207
-rw-r--r--user_guide_src/source/database/connecting.rst155
-rw-r--r--user_guide_src/source/database/db_driver_reference.rst439
-rw-r--r--user_guide_src/source/database/examples.rst119
-rw-r--r--user_guide_src/source/database/forge.rst412
-rw-r--r--user_guide_src/source/database/helpers.rst100
-rw-r--r--user_guide_src/source/database/index.rst25
-rw-r--r--user_guide_src/source/database/metadata.rst130
-rw-r--r--user_guide_src/source/database/queries.rst176
-rw-r--r--user_guide_src/source/database/query_builder.rst1570
-rw-r--r--user_guide_src/source/database/results.rst507
-rw-r--r--user_guide_src/source/database/transactions.rst127
-rw-r--r--user_guide_src/source/database/utilities.rst316
15 files changed, 0 insertions, 4484 deletions
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/caching.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/caching.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index d73120a93..000000000
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/caching.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-######################
-Database Caching Class
-######################
-
-The Database Caching Class permits you to cache your queries as text
-files for reduced database load.
-
-.. important:: This class is initialized automatically by the database
- driver when caching is enabled. Do NOT load this class manually.
-
-.. important:: Not all query result functions are available when you
- use caching. Please read this page carefully.
-
-Enabling Caching
-================
-
-Caching is enabled in three steps:
-
-- Create a writable directory on your server where the cache files can
- be stored.
-- Set the path to your cache folder in your
- application/config/database.php file.
-- Enable the caching feature, either globally by setting the preference
- in your application/config/database.php file, or manually as
- described below.
-
-Once enabled, caching will happen automatically whenever a page is
-loaded that contains database queries.
-
-How Does Caching Work?
-======================
-
-CodeIgniter's query caching system happens dynamically when your pages
-are viewed. When caching is enabled, the first time a web page is
-loaded, the query result object will be serialized and stored in a text
-file on your server. The next time the page is loaded the cache file
-will be used instead of accessing your database. Your database usage can
-effectively be reduced to zero for any pages that have been cached.
-
-Only read-type (SELECT) queries can be cached, since these are the only
-type of queries that produce a result. Write-type (INSERT, UPDATE, etc.)
-queries, since they don't generate a result, will not be cached by the
-system.
-
-Cache files DO NOT expire. Any queries that have been cached will remain
-cached until you delete them. The caching system permits you clear
-caches associated with individual pages, or you can delete the entire
-collection of cache files. Typically you'll want to use the housekeeping
-functions described below to delete cache files after certain events
-take place, like when you've added new information to your database.
-
-Will Caching Improve Your Site's Performance?
-=============================================
-
-Getting a performance gain as a result of caching depends on many
-factors. If you have a highly optimized database under very little load,
-you probably won't see a performance boost. If your database is under
-heavy use you probably will see an improved response, assuming your
-file-system is not overly taxed. Remember that caching simply changes
-how your information is retrieved, shifting it from being a database
-operation to a file-system one.
-
-In some clustered server environments, for example, caching may be
-detrimental since file-system operations are so intense. On single
-servers in shared environments, caching will probably be beneficial.
-Unfortunately there is no single answer to the question of whether you
-should cache your database. It really depends on your situation.
-
-How are Cache Files Stored?
-===========================
-
-CodeIgniter places the result of EACH query into its own cache file.
-Sets of cache files are further organized into sub-folders corresponding
-to your controller functions. To be precise, the sub-folders are named
-identically to the first two segments of your URI (the controller class
-name and function name).
-
-For example, let's say you have a controller called blog with a function
-called comments that contains three queries. The caching system will
-create a cache folder called blog+comments, into which it will write
-three cache files.
-
-If you use dynamic queries that change based on information in your URI
-(when using pagination, for example), each instance of the query will
-produce its own cache file. It's possible, therefore, to end up with
-many times more cache files than you have queries.
-
-Managing your Cache Files
-=========================
-
-Since cache files do not expire, you'll need to build deletion routines
-into your application. For example, let's say you have a blog that
-allows user commenting. Whenever a new comment is submitted you'll want
-to delete the cache files associated with the controller function that
-serves up your comments. You'll find two delete functions described
-below that help you clear data.
-
-Not All Database Functions Work with Caching
-============================================
-
-Lastly, we need to point out that the result object that is cached is a
-simplified version of the full result object. For that reason, some of
-the query result functions are not available for use.
-
-The following functions ARE NOT available when using a cached result
-object:
-
-- num_fields()
-- field_names()
-- field_data()
-- free_result()
-
-Also, the two database resources (result_id and conn_id) are not
-available when caching, since result resources only pertain to run-time
-operations.
-
-******************
-Function Reference
-******************
-
-$this->db->cache_on() / $this->db->cache_off()
-================================================
-
-Manually enables/disables caching. This can be useful if you want to
-keep certain queries from being cached. Example::
-
- // Turn caching on
- $this->db->cache_on();
- $query = $this->db->query("SELECT * FROM mytable");
-
- // Turn caching off for this one query
- $this->db->cache_off();
- $query = $this->db->query("SELECT * FROM members WHERE member_id = '$current_user'");
-
- // Turn caching back on
- $this->db->cache_on();
- $query = $this->db->query("SELECT * FROM another_table");
-
-$this->db->cache_delete()
-==========================
-
-Deletes the cache files associated with a particular page. This is
-useful if you need to clear caching after you update your database.
-
-The caching system saves your cache files to folders that correspond to
-the URI of the page you are viewing. For example, if you are viewing a
-page at example.com/index.php/blog/comments, the caching system will put
-all cache files associated with it in a folder called blog+comments. To
-delete those particular cache files you will use::
-
- $this->db->cache_delete('blog', 'comments');
-
-If you do not use any parameters the current URI will be used when
-determining what should be cleared.
-
-$this->db->cache_delete_all()
-===============================
-
-Clears all existing cache files. Example::
-
- $this->db->cache_delete_all();
-
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/call_function.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/call_function.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 83fc870d0..000000000
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/call_function.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#####################
-Custom Function Calls
-#####################
-
-$this->db->call_function();
-============================
-
-This function enables you to call PHP database functions that are not
-natively included in CodeIgniter, in a platform independent manner. For
-example, let's say you want to call the mysql_get_client_info()
-function, which is **not** natively supported by CodeIgniter. You could
-do so like this::
-
- $this->db->call_function('get_client_info');
-
-You must supply the name of the function, **without** the mysql\_
-prefix, in the first parameter. The prefix is added automatically based
-on which database driver is currently being used. This permits you to
-run the same function on different database platforms. Obviously not all
-function calls are identical between platforms, so there are limits to
-how useful this function can be in terms of portability.
-
-Any parameters needed by the function you are calling will be added to
-the second parameter.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->call_function('some_function', $param1, $param2, etc..);
-
-Often, you will either need to supply a database connection ID or a
-database result ID. The connection ID can be accessed using::
-
- $this->db->conn_id;
-
-The result ID can be accessed from within your result object, like this::
-
- $query = $this->db->query("SOME QUERY");
-
- $query->result_id; \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/configuration.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/configuration.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index a9bf7dcb6..000000000
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/configuration.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,207 +0,0 @@
-######################
-Database Configuration
-######################
-
-CodeIgniter has a config file that lets you store your database
-connection values (username, password, database name, etc.). The config
-file is located at application/config/database.php. You can also set
-database connection values for specific
-:doc:`environments <../libraries/config>` by placing **database.php**
-in the respective environment config folder.
-
-The config settings are stored in a multi-dimensional array with this
-prototype::
-
- $db['default'] = array(
- 'dsn' => '',
- 'hostname' => 'localhost',
- 'username' => 'root',
- 'password' => '',
- 'database' => 'database_name',
- 'dbdriver' => 'mysqli',
- 'dbprefix' => '',
- 'pconnect' => TRUE,
- 'db_debug' => TRUE,
- 'cache_on' => FALSE,
- 'cachedir' => '',
- 'char_set' => 'utf8',
- 'dbcollat' => 'utf8_general_ci',
- 'swap_pre' => '',
- 'encrypt' => FALSE,
- 'compress' => FALSE,
- 'stricton' => FALSE,
- 'failover' => array()
- );
-
-Some database drivers (such as PDO, PostgreSQL, Oracle, ODBC) might
-require a full DSN string to be provided. If that is the case, you
-should use the 'dsn' configuration setting, as if you're using the
-driver's underlying native PHP extension, like this::
-
- // PDO
- $db['default']['dsn'] = 'pgsql:host=localhost;port=5432;dbname=database_name';
-
- // Oracle
- $db['default']['dsn'] = '//localhost/XE';
-
-.. note:: If you do not specify a DSN string for a driver that requires it, CodeIgniter
- will try to build it with the rest of the provided settings.
-
-.. note:: If you provide a DSN string and it is missing some valid settings (e.g. the
- database character set), which are present in the rest of the configuration
- fields, CodeIgniter will append them.
-
-You can also specify failovers for the situation when the main connection cannot connect for some reason.
-These failovers can be specified by setting the failover for a connection like this::
-
- $db['default']['failover'] = array(
- array(
- 'hostname' => 'localhost1',
- 'username' => '',
- 'password' => '',
- 'database' => '',
- 'dbdriver' => 'mysqli',
- 'dbprefix' => '',
- 'pconnect' => TRUE,
- 'db_debug' => TRUE,
- 'cache_on' => FALSE,
- 'cachedir' => '',
- 'char_set' => 'utf8',
- 'dbcollat' => 'utf8_general_ci',
- 'swap_pre' => '',
- 'encrypt' => FALSE,
- 'compress' => FALSE,
- 'stricton' => FALSE
- ),
- array(
- 'hostname' => 'localhost2',
- 'username' => '',
- 'password' => '',
- 'database' => '',
- 'dbdriver' => 'mysqli',
- 'dbprefix' => '',
- 'pconnect' => TRUE,
- 'db_debug' => TRUE,
- 'cache_on' => FALSE,
- 'cachedir' => '',
- 'char_set' => 'utf8',
- 'dbcollat' => 'utf8_general_ci',
- 'swap_pre' => '',
- 'encrypt' => FALSE,
- 'compress' => FALSE,
- 'stricton' => FALSE
- )
- );
-
-You can specify as many failovers as you like.
-
-The reason we use a multi-dimensional array rather than a more simple
-one is to permit you to optionally store multiple sets of connection
-values. If, for example, you run multiple environments (development,
-production, test, etc.) under a single installation, you can set up a
-connection group for each, then switch between groups as needed. For
-example, to set up a "test" environment you would do this::
-
- $db['test'] = array(
- 'dsn' => '',
- 'hostname' => 'localhost',
- 'username' => 'root',
- 'password' => '',
- 'database' => 'database_name',
- 'dbdriver' => 'mysqli',
- 'dbprefix' => '',
- 'pconnect' => TRUE,
- 'db_debug' => TRUE,
- 'cache_on' => FALSE,
- 'cachedir' => '',
- 'char_set' => 'utf8',
- 'dbcollat' => 'utf8_general_ci',
- 'swap_pre' => '',
- 'compress' => FALSE,
- 'encrypt' => FALSE,
- 'stricton' => FALSE,
- 'failover' => array()
- );
-
-Then, to globally tell the system to use that group you would set this
-variable located in the config file::
-
- $active_group = 'test';
-
-.. note:: The name 'test' is arbitrary. It can be anything you want. By
- default we've used the word "default" for the primary connection,
- but it too can be renamed to something more relevant to your project.
-
-Query Builder
--------------
-
-The :doc:`Query Builder Class <query_builder>` is globally enabled or
-disabled by setting the $query_builder variable in the database
-configuration file to TRUE/FALSE (boolean). The default setting is TRUE.
-If you are not using the
-query builder class, setting it to FALSE will utilize fewer resources
-when the database classes are initialized.
-
-::
-
- $query_builder = TRUE;
-
-.. note:: that some CodeIgniter classes such as Sessions require Query
- Builder to be enabled to access certain functionality.
-
-Explanation of Values:
-----------------------
-
-====================== ===========================================================================================================
- Name Config Description
-====================== ===========================================================================================================
-**dsn** The DSN connect string (an all-in-one configuration sequence).
-**hostname** The hostname of your database server. Often this is 'localhost'.
-**username** The username used to connect to the database.
-**password** The password used to connect to the database.
-**database** The name of the database you want to connect to.
-**dbdriver** The database type. ie: mysqli, postgre, odbc, etc. Must be specified in lower case.
-**dbprefix** An optional table prefix which will added to the table name when running
- :doc:`Query Builder <query_builder>` queries. This permits multiple CodeIgniter
- installations to share one database.
-**pconnect** TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether to use a persistent connection.
-**db_debug** TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether database errors should be displayed.
-**cache_on** TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether database query caching is enabled,
- see also :doc:`Database Caching Class <caching>`.
-**cachedir** The absolute server path to your database query cache directory.
-**char_set** The character set used in communicating with the database.
-**dbcollat** The character collation used in communicating with the database
-
- .. note:: Only used in the 'mysql' and 'mysqli' drivers.
-
-**swap_pre** A default table prefix that should be swapped with dbprefix. This is useful for distributed
- applications where you might run manually written queries, and need the prefix to still be
- customizable by the end user.
-**schema** The database schema, defaults to 'public'. Used by PostgreSQL and ODBC drivers.
-**encrypt** Whether or not to use an encrypted connection.
-
- - 'mysql' (deprecated), 'sqlsrv' and 'pdo/sqlsrv' drivers accept TRUE/FALSE
- - 'mysqli' and 'pdo/mysql' drivers accept an array with the following options:
-
- - 'ssl_key' - Path to the private key file
- - 'ssl_cert' - Path to the public key certificate file
- - 'ssl_ca' - Path to the certificate authority file
- - 'ssl_capath' - Path to a directory containing trusted CA certificates in PEM format
- - 'ssl_cipher' - List of *allowed* ciphers to be used for the encryption, separated by colons (':')
- - 'ssl_verify' - TRUE/FALSE; Whether to verify the server certificate or not ('mysqli' only)
-
-**compress** Whether or not to use client compression (MySQL only).
-**stricton** TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether to force "Strict Mode" connections, good for ensuring strict SQL
- while developing an application.
-**port** The database port number. To use this value you have to add a line to the database config array.
- ::
-
- $db['default']['port'] = 5432;
-
-====================== ===========================================================================================================
-
-.. note:: Depending on what database platform you are using (MySQL, PostgreSQL,
- etc.) not all values will be needed. For example, when using SQLite you
- will not need to supply a username or password, and the database name
- will be the path to your database file. The information above assumes
- you are using MySQL.
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/connecting.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/connecting.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 9b8117076..000000000
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/connecting.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,155 +0,0 @@
-###########################
-Connecting to your Database
-###########################
-
-There are two ways to connect to a database:
-
-Automatically Connecting
-========================
-
-The "auto connect" feature will load and instantiate the database class
-with every page load. To enable "auto connecting", add the word database
-to the library array, as indicated in the following file:
-
-application/config/autoload.php
-
-Manually Connecting
-===================
-
-If only some of your pages require database connectivity you can
-manually connect to your database by adding this line of code in any
-function where it is needed, or in your class constructor to make the
-database available globally in that class.
-
-::
-
- $this->load->database();
-
-If the above function does **not** contain any information in the first
-parameter it will connect to the group specified in your database config
-file. For most people, this is the preferred method of use.
-
-Available Parameters
---------------------
-
-#. The database connection values, passed either as an array or a DSN
- string.
-#. TRUE/FALSE (boolean). Whether to return the connection ID (see
- Connecting to Multiple Databases below).
-#. TRUE/FALSE (boolean). Whether to enable the Query Builder class. Set
- to TRUE by default.
-
-Manually Connecting to a Database
----------------------------------
-
-The first parameter of this function can **optionally** be used to
-specify a particular database group from your config file, or you can
-even submit connection values for a database that is not specified in
-your config file. Examples:
-
-To choose a specific group from your config file you can do this::
-
- $this->load->database('group_name');
-
-Where group_name is the name of the connection group from your config
-file.
-
-To connect manually to a desired database you can pass an array of
-values::
-
- $config['hostname'] = 'localhost';
- $config['username'] = 'myusername';
- $config['password'] = 'mypassword';
- $config['database'] = 'mydatabase';
- $config['dbdriver'] = 'mysqli';
- $config['dbprefix'] = '';
- $config['pconnect'] = FALSE;
- $config['db_debug'] = TRUE;
- $config['cache_on'] = FALSE;
- $config['cachedir'] = '';
- $config['char_set'] = 'utf8';
- $config['dbcollat'] = 'utf8_general_ci';
- $this->load->database($config);
-
-For information on each of these values please see the :doc:`configuration
-page <configuration>`.
-
-.. note:: For the PDO driver, you should use the $config['dsn'] setting
- instead of 'hostname' and 'database':
-
- |
- | $config['dsn'] = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase';
-
-Or you can submit your database values as a Data Source Name. DSNs must
-have this prototype::
-
- $dsn = 'dbdriver://username:password@hostname/database';
- $this->load->database($dsn);
-
-To override default config values when connecting with a DSN string, add
-the config variables as a query string.
-
-::
-
- $dsn = 'dbdriver://username:password@hostname/database?char_set=utf8&dbcollat=utf8_general_ci&cache_on=true&cachedir=/path/to/cache';
- $this->load->database($dsn);
-
-Connecting to Multiple Databases
-================================
-
-If you need to connect to more than one database simultaneously you can
-do so as follows::
-
- $DB1 = $this->load->database('group_one', TRUE);
- $DB2 = $this->load->database('group_two', TRUE);
-
-Note: Change the words "group_one" and "group_two" to the specific
-group names you are connecting to (or you can pass the connection values
-as indicated above).
-
-By setting the second parameter to TRUE (boolean) the function will
-return the database object.
-
-.. note:: When you connect this way, you will use your object name to issue
- commands rather than the syntax used throughout this guide. In other
- words, rather than issuing commands with:
-
- |
- | $this->db->query();
- | $this->db->result();
- | etc...
- |
- | You will instead use:
- |
- | $DB1->query();
- | $DB1->result();
- | etc...
-
-.. note:: You don't need to create separate database configurations if you
- only need to use a different database on the same connection. You
- can switch to a different database when you need to, like this:
-
- | $this->db->db_select($database2_name);
-
-Reconnecting / Keeping the Connection Alive
-===========================================
-
-If the database server's idle timeout is exceeded while you're doing
-some heavy PHP lifting (processing an image, for instance), you should
-consider pinging the server by using the reconnect() method before
-sending further queries, which can gracefully keep the connection alive
-or re-establish it.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->reconnect();
-
-Manually closing the Connection
-===============================
-
-While CodeIgniter intelligently takes care of closing your database
-connections, you can explicitly close the connection.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->close(); \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/db_driver_reference.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/db_driver_reference.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 1f036cd77..000000000
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/db_driver_reference.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,439 +0,0 @@
-###################
-DB Driver Reference
-###################
-
-This is the platform-independent base DB implementation class.
-This class will not be called directly. Rather, the adapter
-class for the specific database will extend and instantiate it.
-
-The how-to material for this has been split over several articles.
-This article is intended to be a reference for them.
-
-.. important:: Not all methods are supported by all database drivers,
- some of them may fail (and return FALSE) if the underlying
- driver does not support them.
-
-.. php:class:: CI_DB_driver
-
- .. php:method:: initialize()
-
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Initialize database settings, establish a connection to
- the database.
-
- .. php:method:: db_connect($persistent = TRUE)
-
- :param bool $persistent: Whether to establish a persistent connection or a regular one
- :returns: Database connection resource/object or FALSE on failure
- :rtype: mixed
-
- Establish a connection with the database.
-
- .. note:: The returned value depends on the underlying
- driver in use. For example, a ``mysqli`` instance
- will be returned with the 'mysqli' driver.
-
- .. php:method:: db_pconnect()
-
- :returns: Database connection resource/object or FALSE on failure
- :rtype: mixed
-
- Establish a persistent connection with the database.
-
- .. note:: This method is just an alias for ``db_connect(TRUE)``.
-
- .. php:method:: reconnect()
-
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Keep / reestablish the database connection if no queries
- have been sent for a length of time exceeding the
- server's idle timeout.
-
- .. php:method:: db_select([$database = ''])
-
- :param string $database: Database name
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Select / switch the current database.
-
- .. php:method:: db_set_charset($charset)
-
- :param string $charset: Character set name
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Set client character set.
-
- .. php:method:: platform()
-
- :returns: Platform name
- :rtype: string
-
- The name of the platform in use (mysql, mssql, etc...).
-
- .. php:method:: version()
-
- :returns: The version of the database being used
- :rtype: string
-
- Database version number.
-
- .. php:method:: query($sql[, $binds = FALSE[, $return_object = NULL]])
-
- :param string $sql: The SQL statement to execute
- :param array $binds: An array of binding data
- :param bool $return_object: Whether to return a result object or not
- :returns: TRUE for successful "write-type" queries, CI_DB_result instance (method chaining) on "query" success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: mixed
-
- Execute an SQL query.
-
- Accepts an SQL string as input and returns a result object
- upon successful execution of a "read" type query.
-
- Returns:
-
- - Boolean TRUE upon successful execution of a "write type" queries
- - Boolean FALSE upon failure
- - ``CI_DB_result`` object for "read type" queries
-
- .. note: If 'db_debug' setting is set to TRUE, an error
- page will be displayed instead of returning FALSE
- on failures and script execution will stop.
-
- .. php:method:: simple_query($sql)
-
- :param string $sql: The SQL statement to execute
- :returns: Whatever the underlying driver's "query" function returns
- :rtype: mixed
-
- A simplified version of the ``query()`` method, appropriate
- for use when you don't need to get a result object or to
- just send a query to the database and not care for the result.
-
- .. php:method:: affected_rows()
-
- :returns: Number of rows affected
- :rtype: int
-
- Returns the number of rows *changed* by the last executed query.
-
- Useful for checking how much rows were created, updated or deleted
- during the last executed query.
-
- .. php:method:: trans_strict([$mode = TRUE])
-
- :param bool $mode: Strict mode flag
- :rtype: void
-
- Enable/disable transaction "strict" mode.
-
- When strict mode is enabled, if you are running multiple
- groups of transactions and one group fails, all subsequent
- groups will be rolled back.
-
- If strict mode is disabled, each group is treated
- autonomously, meaning a failure of one group will not
- affect any others.
-
- .. php:method:: trans_off()
-
- :rtype: void
-
- Disables transactions at run-time.
-
- .. php:method:: trans_start([$test_mode = FALSE])
-
- :param bool $test_mode: Test mode flag
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Start a transaction.
-
- .. php:method:: trans_complete()
-
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Complete Transaction.
-
- .. php:method:: trans_status()
-
- :returns: TRUE if the transaction succeeded, FALSE if it failed
- :rtype: bool
-
- Lets you retrieve the transaction status flag to
- determine if it has failed.
-
- .. php:method:: compile_binds($sql, $binds)
-
- :param string $sql: The SQL statement
- :param array $binds: An array of binding data
- :returns: The updated SQL statement
- :rtype: string
-
- Compiles an SQL query with the bind values passed for it.
-
- .. php:method:: is_write_type($sql)
-
- :param string $sql: The SQL statement
- :returns: TRUE if the SQL statement is of "write type", FALSE if not
- :rtype: bool
-
- Determines if a query is of a "write" type (such as
- INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) or "read" type (i.e. SELECT).
-
- .. php:method:: elapsed_time([$decimals = 6])
-
- :param int $decimals: The number of decimal places
- :returns: The aggregate query elapsed time, in microseconds
- :rtype: string
-
- Calculate the aggregate query elapsed time.
-
- .. php:method:: total_queries()
-
- :returns: The total number of queries executed
- :rtype: int
-
- Returns the total number of queries that have been
- executed so far.
-
- .. php:method:: last_query()
-
- :returns: The last query executed
- :rtype: string
-
- Returns the last query that was executed.
-
- .. php:method:: escape($str)
-
- :param mixed $str: The value to escape, or an array of multiple ones
- :returns: The escaped value(s)
- :rtype: mixed
-
- Escapes input data based on type, including boolean and
- NULLs.
-
- .. php:method:: escape_str($str[, $like = FALSE])
-
- :param mixed $str: A string value or array of multiple ones
- :param bool $like: Whether or not the string will be used in a LIKE condition
- :returns: The escaped string(s)
- :rtype: mixed
-
- Escapes string values.
-
- .. warning:: The returned strings do NOT include quotes
- around them.
-
- .. php:method:: escape_like_str($str)
-
- :param mixed $str: A string value or array of multiple ones
- :returns: The escaped string(s)
- :rtype: mixed
-
- Escape LIKE strings.
-
- Similar to ``escape_str()``, but will also escape the ``%``
- and ``_`` wildcard characters, so that they don't cause
- false-positives in LIKE conditions.
-
- .. important:: The ``escape_like_str()`` method uses '!' (exclamation mark)
- to escape special characters for *LIKE* conditions. Because this
- method escapes partial strings that you would wrap in quotes
- yourself, it cannot automatically add the ``ESCAPE '!'``
- condition for you, and so you'll have to manually do that.
-
-
- .. php:method:: primary($table)
-
- :param string $table: Table name
- :returns: The primary key name, FALSE if none
- :rtype: string
-
- Retrieves the primary key of a table.
-
- .. note:: If the database platform does not support primary
- key detection, the first column name may be assumed
- as the primary key.
-
- .. php:method:: count_all([$table = ''])
-
- :param string $table: Table name
- :returns: Row count for the specified table
- :rtype: int
-
- Returns the total number of rows in a table, or 0 if no
- table was provided.
-
- .. php:method:: list_tables([$constrain_by_prefix = FALSE])
-
- :param bool $constrain_by_prefix: TRUE to match table names by the configured dbprefix
- :returns: Array of table names or FALSE on failure
- :rtype: array
-
- Gets a list of the tables in the current database.
-
- .. php:method:: table_exists($table_name)
-
- :param string $table_name: The table name
- :returns: TRUE if that table exists, FALSE if not
- :rtype: bool
-
- Determine if a particular table exists.
-
- .. php:method:: list_fields($table)
-
- :param string $table: The table name
- :returns: Array of field names or FALSE on failure
- :rtype: array
-
- Gets a list of the field names in a table.
-
- .. php:method:: field_exists($field_name, $table_name)
-
- :param string $table_name: The table name
- :param string $field_name: The field name
- :returns: TRUE if that field exists in that table, FALSE if not
- :rtype: bool
-
- Determine if a particular field exists.
-
- .. php:method:: field_data($table)
-
- :param string $table: The table name
- :returns: Array of field data items or FALSE on failure
- :rtype: array
-
- Gets a list containing field data about a table.
-
- .. php:method:: escape_identifiers($item)
-
- :param mixed $item: The item or array of items to escape
- :returns: The input item(s), escaped
- :rtype: mixed
-
- Escape SQL identifiers, such as column, table and names.
-
- .. php:method:: insert_string($table, $data)
-
- :param string $table: The target table
- :param array $data: An associative array of key/value pairs
- :returns: The SQL INSERT statement, as a string
- :rtype: string
-
- Generate an INSERT statement string.
-
- .. php:method:: update_string($table, $data, $where)
-
- :param string $table: The target table
- :param array $data: An associative array of key/value pairs
- :param mixed $where: The WHERE statement conditions
- :returns: The SQL UPDATE statement, as a string
- :rtype: string
-
- Generate an UPDATE statement string.
-
- .. php:method:: call_function($function)
-
- :param string $function: Function name
- :returns: The function result
- :rtype: string
-
- Runs a native PHP function , using a platform agnostic
- wrapper.
-
- .. php:method:: cache_set_path([$path = ''])
-
- :param string $path: Path to the cache directory
- :rtype: void
-
- Sets the directory path to use for caching storage.
-
- .. php:method:: cache_on()
-
- :returns: TRUE if caching is on, FALSE if not
- :rtype: bool
-
- Enable database results caching.
-
- .. php:method:: cache_off()
-
- :returns: TRUE if caching is on, FALSE if not
- :rtype: bool
-
- Disable database results caching.
-
- .. php:method:: cache_delete([$segment_one = ''[, $segment_two = '']])
-
- :param string $segment_one: First URI segment
- :param string $segment_two: Second URI segment
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Delete the cache files associated with a particular URI.
-
- .. php:method:: cache_delete_all()
-
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Delete all cache files.
-
- .. php:method:: close()
-
- :rtype: void
-
- Close the DB Connection.
-
- .. php:method:: display_error([$error = ''[, $swap = ''[, $native = FALSE]]])
-
- :param string $error: The error message
- :param string $swap: Any "swap" values
- :param bool $native: Whether to localize the message
- :rtype: void
-
- :returns: Displays the DB error screensends the application/views/errors/error_db.php template
- :rtype: string
-
- Display an error message and stop script execution.
-
- The message is displayed using the
- *application/views/errors/error_db.php* template.
-
- .. php:method:: protect_identifiers($item[, $prefix_single = FALSE[, $protect_identifiers = NULL[, $field_exists = TRUE]]])
-
- :param string $item: The item to work with
- :param bool $prefix_single: Whether to apply the dbprefix even if the input item is a single identifier
- :param bool $protect_identifiers: Whether to quote identifiers
- :param bool $field_exists: Whether the supplied item contains a field name or not
- :returns: The modified item
- :rtype: string
-
- Takes a column or table name (optionally with an alias)
- and applies the configured *dbprefix* to it.
-
- Some logic is necessary in order to deal with
- column names that include the path.
-
- Consider a query like this::
-
- SELECT * FROM hostname.database.table.column AS c FROM hostname.database.table
-
- Or a query with aliasing::
-
- SELECT m.member_id, m.member_name FROM members AS m
-
- Since the column name can include up to four segments
- (host, DB, table, column) or also have an alias prefix,
- we need to do a bit of work to figure this out and
- insert the table prefix (if it exists) in the proper
- position, and escape only the correct identifiers.
-
- This method is used extensively by the Query Builder class. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/examples.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/examples.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 5fd7fccfa..000000000
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/examples.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
-##################################
-Database Quick Start: Example Code
-##################################
-
-The following page contains example code showing how the database class
-is used. For complete details please read the individual pages
-describing each function.
-
-Initializing the Database Class
-===============================
-
-The following code loads and initializes the database class based on
-your :doc:`configuration <configuration>` settings::
-
- $this->load->database();
-
-Once loaded the class is ready to be used as described below.
-
-Note: If all your pages require database access you can connect
-automatically. See the :doc:`connecting <connecting>` page for details.
-
-Standard Query With Multiple Results (Object Version)
-=====================================================
-
-::
-
- $query = $this->db->query('SELECT name, title, email FROM my_table');
-
- foreach ($query->result() as $row)
- {
- echo $row->title;
- echo $row->name;
- echo $row->email;
- }
-
- echo 'Total Results: ' . $query->num_rows();
-
-The above result() function returns an array of **objects**. Example:
-$row->title
-
-Standard Query With Multiple Results (Array Version)
-====================================================
-
-::
-
- $query = $this->db->query('SELECT name, title, email FROM my_table');
-
- foreach ($query->result_array() as $row)
- {
- echo $row['title'];
- echo $row['name'];
- echo $row['email'];
- }
-
-The above result_array() function returns an array of standard array
-indexes. Example: $row['title']
-
-Standard Query With Single Result
-=================================
-
-::
-
- $query = $this->db->query('SELECT name FROM my_table LIMIT 1');
- $row = $query->row();
- echo $row->name;
-
-The above row() function returns an **object**. Example: $row->name
-
-Standard Query With Single Result (Array version)
-=================================================
-
-::
-
- $query = $this->db->query('SELECT name FROM my_table LIMIT 1');
- $row = $query->row_array();
- echo $row['name'];
-
-The above row_array() function returns an **array**. Example:
-$row['name']
-
-Standard Insert
-===============
-
-::
-
- $sql = "INSERT INTO mytable (title, name) VALUES (".$this->db->escape($title).", ".$this->db->escape($name).")";
- $this->db->query($sql);
- echo $this->db->affected_rows();
-
-Query Builder Query
-===================
-
-The :doc:`Query Builder Pattern <query_builder>` gives you a simplified
-means of retrieving data::
-
- $query = $this->db->get('table_name');
-
- foreach ($query->result() as $row)
- {
- echo $row->title;
- }
-
-The above get() function retrieves all the results from the supplied
-table. The :doc:`Query Builder <query_builder>` class contains a full
-compliment of functions for working with data.
-
-Query Builder Insert
-====================
-
-::
-
- $data = array(
- 'title' => $title,
- 'name' => $name,
- 'date' => $date
- );
-
- $this->db->insert('mytable', $data); // Produces: INSERT INTO mytable (title, name, date) VALUES ('{$title}', '{$name}', '{$date}')
-
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/forge.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/forge.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 5af4f2248..000000000
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/forge.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,412 +0,0 @@
-####################
-Database Forge Class
-####################
-
-The Database Forge Class contains methods that help you manage your
-database.
-
-.. contents:: Table of Contents
- :depth: 3
-
-****************************
-Initializing the Forge Class
-****************************
-
-.. important:: In order to initialize the Forge class, your database
- driver must already be running, since the forge class relies on it.
-
-Load the Forge Class as follows::
-
- $this->load->dbforge()
-
-You can also pass another database object to the DB Forge loader, in case
-the database you want to manage isn't the default one::
-
- $this->myforge = $this->load->dbforge($this->other_db, TRUE);
-
-In the above example, we're passing a custom database object as the first
-parameter and then tell it to return the dbforge object, instead of
-assigning it directly to ``$this->dbforge``.
-
-.. note:: Both of the parameters can be used individually, just pass an empty
- value as the first one if you wish to skip it.
-
-Once initialized you will access the methods using the ``$this->dbforge``
-object::
-
- $this->dbforge->some_method();
-
-*******************************
-Creating and Dropping Databases
-*******************************
-
-**$this->dbforge->create_database('db_name')**
-
-Permits you to create the database specified in the first parameter.
-Returns TRUE/FALSE based on success or failure::
-
- if ($this->dbforge->create_database('my_db'))
- {
- echo 'Database created!';
- }
-
-**$this->dbforge->drop_database('db_name')**
-
-Permits you to drop the database specified in the first parameter.
-Returns TRUE/FALSE based on success or failure::
-
- if ($this->dbforge->drop_database('my_db'))
- {
- echo 'Database deleted!';
- }
-
-
-****************************
-Creating and Dropping Tables
-****************************
-
-There are several things you may wish to do when creating tables. Add
-fields, add keys to the table, alter columns. CodeIgniter provides a
-mechanism for this.
-
-Adding fields
-=============
-
-Fields are created via an associative array. Within the array you must
-include a 'type' key that relates to the datatype of the field. For
-example, INT, VARCHAR, TEXT, etc. Many datatypes (for example VARCHAR)
-also require a 'constraint' key.
-
-::
-
- $fields = array(
- 'users' => array(
- 'type' => 'VARCHAR',
- 'constraint' => '100',
- ),
- );
- // will translate to "users VARCHAR(100)" when the field is added.
-
-
-Additionally, the following key/values can be used:
-
-- unsigned/true : to generate "UNSIGNED" in the field definition.
-- default/value : to generate a default value in the field definition.
-- null/true : to generate "NULL" in the field definition. Without this,
- the field will default to "NOT NULL".
-- auto_increment/true : generates an auto_increment flag on the
- field. Note that the field type must be a type that supports this,
- such as integer.
-- unique/true : to generate a unique key for the field definition.
-
-::
-
- $fields = array(
- 'blog_id' => array(
- 'type' => 'INT',
- 'constraint' => 5,
- 'unsigned' => TRUE,
- 'auto_increment' => TRUE
- ),
- 'blog_title' => array(
- 'type' => 'VARCHAR',
- 'constraint' => '100',
- 'unique' => TRUE,
- ),
- 'blog_author' => array(
- 'type' =>'VARCHAR',
- 'constraint' => '100',
- 'default' => 'King of Town',
- ),
- 'blog_description' => array(
- 'type' => 'TEXT',
- 'null' => TRUE,
- ),
- );
-
-
-After the fields have been defined, they can be added using
-``$this->dbforge->add_field($fields);`` followed by a call to the
-``create_table()`` method.
-
-**$this->dbforge->add_field()**
-
-The add fields method will accept the above array.
-
-
-Passing strings as fields
--------------------------
-
-If you know exactly how you want a field to be created, you can pass the
-string into the field definitions with add_field()
-
-::
-
- $this->dbforge->add_field("label varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'default label'");
-
-
-.. note:: Passing raw strings as fields cannot be followed by ``add_key()`` calls on those fields.
-
-.. note:: Multiple calls to add_field() are cumulative.
-
-Creating an id field
---------------------
-
-There is a special exception for creating id fields. A field with type
-id will automatically be assigned as an INT(9) auto_incrementing
-Primary Key.
-
-::
-
- $this->dbforge->add_field('id');
- // gives id INT(9) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT
-
-
-Adding Keys
-===========
-
-Generally speaking, you'll want your table to have Keys. This is
-accomplished with $this->dbforge->add_key('field'). An optional second
-parameter set to TRUE will make it a primary key. Note that add_key()
-must be followed by a call to create_table().
-
-Multiple column non-primary keys must be sent as an array. Sample output
-below is for MySQL.
-
-::
-
- $this->dbforge->add_key('blog_id', TRUE);
- // gives PRIMARY KEY `blog_id` (`blog_id`)
-
- $this->dbforge->add_key('blog_id', TRUE);
- $this->dbforge->add_key('site_id', TRUE);
- // gives PRIMARY KEY `blog_id_site_id` (`blog_id`, `site_id`)
-
- $this->dbforge->add_key('blog_name');
- // gives KEY `blog_name` (`blog_name`)
-
- $this->dbforge->add_key(array('blog_name', 'blog_label'));
- // gives KEY `blog_name_blog_label` (`blog_name`, `blog_label`)
-
-
-Creating a table
-================
-
-After fields and keys have been declared, you can create a new table
-with
-
-::
-
- $this->dbforge->create_table('table_name');
- // gives CREATE TABLE table_name
-
-
-An optional second parameter set to TRUE adds an "IF NOT EXISTS" clause
-into the definition
-
-::
-
- $this->dbforge->create_table('table_name', TRUE);
- // gives CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS table_name
-
-You could also pass optional table attributes, such as MySQL's ``ENGINE``::
-
- $attributes = array('ENGINE' => 'InnoDB');
- $this->dbforge->create_table('table_name', FALSE, $attributes);
- // produces: CREATE TABLE `table_name` (...) ENGINE = InnoDB DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci
-
-.. note:: Unless you specify the ``CHARACTER SET`` and/or ``COLLATE`` attributes,
- ``create_table()`` will always add them with your configured *char_set*
- and *dbcollat* values, as long as they are not empty (MySQL only).
-
-
-Dropping a table
-================
-
-Execute a DROP TABLE statement and optionally add an IF EXISTS clause.
-
-::
-
- // Produces: DROP TABLE table_name
- $this->dbforge->drop_table('table_name');
-
- // Produces: DROP TABLE IF EXISTS table_name
- $this->dbforge->drop_table('table_name',TRUE);
-
-
-Renaming a table
-================
-
-Executes a TABLE rename
-
-::
-
- $this->dbforge->rename_table('old_table_name', 'new_table_name');
- // gives ALTER TABLE old_table_name RENAME TO new_table_name
-
-
-****************
-Modifying Tables
-****************
-
-Adding a Column to a Table
-==========================
-
-**$this->dbforge->add_column()**
-
-The ``add_column()`` method is used to modify an existing table. It
-accepts the same field array as above, and can be used for an unlimited
-number of additional fields.
-
-::
-
- $fields = array(
- 'preferences' => array('type' => 'TEXT')
- );
- $this->dbforge->add_column('table_name', $fields);
- // Executes: ALTER TABLE table_name ADD preferences TEXT
-
-If you are using MySQL or CUBIRD, then you can take advantage of their
-AFTER and FIRST clauses to position the new column.
-
-Examples::
-
- // Will place the new column after the `another_field` column:
- $fields = array(
- 'preferences' => array('type' => 'TEXT', 'after' => 'another_field')
- );
-
- // Will place the new column at the start of the table definition:
- $fields = array(
- 'preferences' => array('type' => 'TEXT', 'first' => TRUE)
- );
-
-
-Dropping a Column From a Table
-==============================
-
-**$this->dbforge->drop_column()**
-
-Used to remove a column from a table.
-
-::
-
- $this->dbforge->drop_column('table_name', 'column_to_drop');
-
-
-
-Modifying a Column in a Table
-=============================
-
-**$this->dbforge->modify_column()**
-
-The usage of this method is identical to ``add_column()``, except it
-alters an existing column rather than adding a new one. In order to
-change the name you can add a "name" key into the field defining array.
-
-::
-
- $fields = array(
- 'old_name' => array(
- 'name' => 'new_name',
- 'type' => 'TEXT',
- ),
- );
- $this->dbforge->modify_column('table_name', $fields);
- // gives ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE old_name new_name TEXT
-
-
-***************
-Class Reference
-***************
-
-.. php:class:: CI_DB_forge
-
- .. php:method:: add_column($table[, $field = array()[, $_after = NULL]])
-
- :param string $table: Table name to add the column to
- :param array $field: Column definition(s)
- :param string $_after: Column for AFTER clause (deprecated)
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Adds a column to a table. Usage: See `Adding a Column to a Table`_.
-
- .. php:method:: add_field($field)
-
- :param array $field: Field definition to add
- :returns: CI_DB_forge instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_forge
-
- Adds a field to the set that will be used to create a table. Usage: See `Adding fields`_.
-
- .. php:method:: add_key($key[, $primary = FALSE])
-
- :param array $key: Name of a key field
- :param bool $primary: Set to TRUE if it should be a primary key or a regular one
- :returns: CI_DB_forge instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_forge
-
- Adds a key to the set that will be used to create a table. Usage: See `Adding Keys`_.
-
- .. php:method:: create_database($db_name)
-
- :param string $db_name: Name of the database to create
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Creates a new database. Usage: See `Creating and Dropping Databases`_.
-
- .. php:method:: create_table($table[, $if_not_exists = FALSE[, array $attributes = array()]])
-
- :param string $table: Name of the table to create
- :param string $if_not_exists: Set to TRUE to add an 'IF NOT EXISTS' clause
- :param string $attributes: An associative array of table attributes
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Creates a new table. Usage: See `Creating a table`_.
-
- .. php:method:: drop_column($table, $column_name)
-
- :param string $table: Table name
- :param array $column_name: The column name to drop
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Drops a column from a table. Usage: See `Dropping a Column From a Table`_.
-
- .. php:method:: drop_database($db_name)
-
- :param string $db_name: Name of the database to drop
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Drops a database. Usage: See `Creating and Dropping Databases`_.
-
- .. php:method:: drop_table($table_name[, $if_exists = FALSE])
-
- :param string $table: Name of the table to drop
- :param string $if_exists: Set to TRUE to add an 'IF EXISTS' clause
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Drops a table. Usage: See `Dropping a table`_.
-
- .. php:method:: modify_column($table, $field)
-
- :param string $table: Table name
- :param array $field: Column definition(s)
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Modifies a table column. Usage: See `Modifying a Column in a Table`_.
-
- .. php:method:: rename_table($table_name, $new_table_name)
-
- :param string $table: Current of the table
- :param string $new_table_name: New name of the table
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Renames a table. Usage: See `Renaming a table`_.
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/helpers.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/helpers.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 2d997a9e0..000000000
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/helpers.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-####################
-Query Helper Methods
-####################
-
-Information From Executing a Query
-==================================
-
-**$this->db->insert_id()**
-
-The insert ID number when performing database inserts.
-
-.. note:: If using the PDO driver with PostgreSQL, or using the Interbase
- driver, this function requires a $name parameter, which specifies the
- appropriate sequence to check for the insert id.
-
-**$this->db->affected_rows()**
-
-Displays the number of affected rows, when doing "write" type queries
-(insert, update, etc.).
-
-.. note:: In MySQL "DELETE FROM TABLE" returns 0 affected rows. The database
- class has a small hack that allows it to return the correct number of
- affected rows. By default this hack is enabled but it can be turned off
- in the database driver file.
-
-**$this->db->last_query()**
-
-Returns the last query that was run (the query string, not the result).
-Example::
-
- $str = $this->db->last_query();
-
- // Produces: SELECT * FROM sometable....
-
-
-.. note:: Disabling the **save_queries** setting in your database
- configuration will render this function useless.
-
-Information About Your Database
-===============================
-
-**$this->db->count_all()**
-
-Permits you to determine the number of rows in a particular table.
-Submit the table name in the first parameter. Example::
-
- echo $this->db->count_all('my_table');
-
- // Produces an integer, like 25
-
-**$this->db->platform()**
-
-Outputs the database platform you are running (MySQL, MS SQL, Postgres,
-etc...)::
-
- echo $this->db->platform();
-
-**$this->db->version()**
-
-Outputs the database version you are running::
-
- echo $this->db->version();
-
-Making Your Queries Easier
-==========================
-
-**$this->db->insert_string()**
-
-This function simplifies the process of writing database inserts. It
-returns a correctly formatted SQL insert string. Example::
-
- $data = array('name' => $name, 'email' => $email, 'url' => $url);
-
- $str = $this->db->insert_string('table_name', $data);
-
-The first parameter is the table name, the second is an associative
-array with the data to be inserted. The above example produces::
-
- INSERT INTO table_name (name, email, url) VALUES ('Rick', 'rick@example.com', 'example.com')
-
-.. note:: Values are automatically escaped, producing safer queries.
-
-**$this->db->update_string()**
-
-This function simplifies the process of writing database updates. It
-returns a correctly formatted SQL update string. Example::
-
- $data = array('name' => $name, 'email' => $email, 'url' => $url);
-
- $where = "author_id = 1 AND status = 'active'";
-
- $str = $this->db->update_string('table_name', $data, $where);
-
-The first parameter is the table name, the second is an associative
-array with the data to be updated, and the third parameter is the
-"where" clause. The above example produces::
-
- UPDATE table_name SET name = 'Rick', email = 'rick@example.com', url = 'example.com' WHERE author_id = 1 AND status = 'active'
-
-.. note:: Values are automatically escaped, producing safer queries. \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/index.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/index.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 2fb50f9be..000000000
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/index.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-##################
-Database Reference
-##################
-
-CodeIgniter comes with a full-featured and very fast abstracted database
-class that supports both traditional structures and Query Builder
-patterns. The database functions offer clear, simple syntax.
-
-.. toctree::
- :titlesonly:
-
- Quick Start: Usage Examples <examples>
- Database Configuration <configuration>
- Connecting to a Database <connecting>
- Running Queries <queries>
- Generating Query Results <results>
- Query Helper Functions <helpers>
- Query Builder Class <query_builder>
- Transactions <transactions>
- Getting MetaData <metadata>
- Custom Function Calls <call_function>
- Query Caching <caching>
- Database Manipulation with Database Forge <forge>
- Database Utilities Class <utilities>
- Database Driver Reference <db_driver_reference> \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/metadata.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/metadata.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index b8be809b6..000000000
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/metadata.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-#################
-Database Metadata
-#################
-
-**************
-Table MetaData
-**************
-
-These functions let you fetch table information.
-
-List the Tables in Your Database
-================================
-
-**$this->db->list_tables();**
-
-Returns an array containing the names of all the tables in the database
-you are currently connected to. Example::
-
- $tables = $this->db->list_tables();
-
- foreach ($tables as $table)
- {
- echo $table;
- }
-
-
-Determine If a Table Exists
-===========================
-
-**$this->db->table_exists();**
-
-Sometimes it's helpful to know whether a particular table exists before
-running an operation on it. Returns a boolean TRUE/FALSE. Usage example::
-
- if ($this->db->table_exists('table_name'))
- {
- // some code...
- }
-
-.. note:: Replace *table_name* with the name of the table you are looking for.
-
-
-**************
-Field MetaData
-**************
-
-List the Fields in a Table
-==========================
-
-**$this->db->list_fields()**
-
-Returns an array containing the field names. This query can be called
-two ways:
-
-1. You can supply the table name and call it from the $this->db->
-object::
-
- $fields = $this->db->list_fields('table_name');
-
- foreach ($fields as $field)
- {
- echo $field;
- }
-
-2. You can gather the field names associated with any query you run by
-calling the function from your query result object::
-
- $query = $this->db->query('SELECT * FROM some_table');
-
- foreach ($query->list_fields() as $field)
- {
- echo $field;
- }
-
-
-Determine If a Field is Present in a Table
-==========================================
-
-**$this->db->field_exists()**
-
-Sometimes it's helpful to know whether a particular field exists before
-performing an action. Returns a boolean TRUE/FALSE. Usage example::
-
- if ($this->db->field_exists('field_name', 'table_name'))
- {
- // some code...
- }
-
-.. note:: Replace *field_name* with the name of the column you are looking
- for, and replace *table_name* with the name of the table you are
- looking for.
-
-
-Retrieve Field Metadata
-=======================
-
-**$this->db->field_data()**
-
-Returns an array of objects containing field information.
-
-Sometimes it's helpful to gather the field names or other metadata, like
-the column type, max length, etc.
-
-.. note:: Not all databases provide meta-data.
-
-Usage example::
-
- $fields = $this->db->field_data('table_name');
-
- foreach ($fields as $field)
- {
- echo $field->name;
- echo $field->type;
- echo $field->max_length;
- echo $field->primary_key;
- }
-
-If you have run a query already you can use the result object instead of
-supplying the table name::
-
- $query = $this->db->query("YOUR QUERY");
- $fields = $query->field_data();
-
-The following data is available from this function if supported by your
-database:
-
-- name - column name
-- max_length - maximum length of the column
-- primary_key - 1 if the column is a primary key
-- type - the type of the column
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/queries.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/queries.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 710ababb0..000000000
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/queries.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,176 +0,0 @@
-#######
-Queries
-#######
-
-************
-Query Basics
-************
-
-Regular Queries
-===============
-
-To submit a query, use the **query** function::
-
- $this->db->query('YOUR QUERY HERE');
-
-The query() function returns a database result **object** when "read"
-type queries are run, which you can use to :doc:`show your
-results <results>`. When "write" type queries are run it simply
-returns TRUE or FALSE depending on success or failure. When retrieving
-data you will typically assign the query to your own variable, like
-this::
-
- $query = $this->db->query('YOUR QUERY HERE');
-
-Simplified Queries
-==================
-
-The **simple_query** method is a simplified version of the
-$this->db->query() method. It DOES
-NOT return a database result set, nor does it set the query timer, or
-compile bind data, or store your query for debugging. It simply lets you
-submit a query. Most users will rarely use this function.
-
-It returns whatever the database drivers' "execute" function returns.
-That typically is TRUE/FALSE on success or failure for write type queries
-such as INSERT, DELETE or UPDATE statements (which is what it really
-should be used for) and a resource/object on success for queries with
-fetchable results.
-
-::
-
- if ($this->db->simple_query('YOUR QUERY'))
- {
- echo "Success!";
- }
- else
- {
- echo "Query failed!";
- }
-
-.. note:: PostgreSQL's ``pg_exec()`` function (for example) always
- returns a resource on success, even for write type queries.
- So take that in mind if you're looking for a boolean value.
-
-***************************************
-Working with Database prefixes manually
-***************************************
-
-If you have configured a database prefix and would like to prepend it to
-a table name for use in a native SQL query for example, then you can use
-the following::
-
- $this->db->dbprefix('tablename'); // outputs prefix_tablename
-
-
-If for any reason you would like to change the prefix programatically
-without needing to create a new connection, you can use this method::
-
- $this->db->set_dbprefix('newprefix_');
- $this->db->dbprefix('tablename'); // outputs newprefix_tablename
-
-
-**********************
-Protecting identifiers
-**********************
-
-In many databases it is advisable to protect table and field names - for
-example with backticks in MySQL. **Query Builder queries are
-automatically protected**, however if you need to manually protect an
-identifier you can use::
-
- $this->db->protect_identifiers('table_name');
-
-.. important:: Although the Query Builder will try its best to properly
- quote any field and table names that you feed it, note that it
- is NOT designed to work with arbitrary user input. DO NOT feed it
- with unsanitized user data.
-
-This function will also add a table prefix to your table, assuming you
-have a prefix specified in your database config file. To enable the
-prefixing set TRUE (boolean) via the second parameter::
-
- $this->db->protect_identifiers('table_name', TRUE);
-
-
-****************
-Escaping Queries
-****************
-
-It's a very good security practice to escape your data before submitting
-it into your database. CodeIgniter has three methods that help you do
-this:
-
-#. **$this->db->escape()** This function determines the data type so
- that it can escape only string data. It also automatically adds
- single quotes around the data so you don't have to:
- ::
-
- $sql = "INSERT INTO table (title) VALUES(".$this->db->escape($title).")";
-
-#. **$this->db->escape_str()** This function escapes the data passed to
- it, regardless of type. Most of the time you'll use the above
- function rather than this one. Use the function like this:
- ::
-
- $sql = "INSERT INTO table (title) VALUES('".$this->db->escape_str($title)."')";
-
-#. **$this->db->escape_like_str()** This method should be used when
- strings are to be used in LIKE conditions so that LIKE wildcards
- ('%', '\_') in the string are also properly escaped.
-
-::
-
- $search = '20% raise';
- $sql = "SELECT id FROM table WHERE column LIKE '%" .
- $this->db->escape_like_str($search)."%' ESCAPE '!'";
-
-.. important:: The ``escape_like_str()`` method uses '!' (exclamation mark)
- to escape special characters for *LIKE* conditions. Because this
- method escapes partial strings that you would wrap in quotes
- yourself, it cannot automatically add the ``ESCAPE '!'``
- condition for you, and so you'll have to manually do that.
-
-
-**************
-Query Bindings
-**************
-
-Bindings enable you to simplify your query syntax by letting the system
-put the queries together for you. Consider the following example::
-
- $sql = "SELECT * FROM some_table WHERE id = ? AND status = ? AND author = ?";
- $this->db->query($sql, array(3, 'live', 'Rick'));
-
-The question marks in the query are automatically replaced with the
-values in the array in the second parameter of the query function.
-
-Binding also work with arrays, which will be transformed to IN sets::
-
- $sql = "SELECT * FROM some_table WHERE id IN ? AND status = ? AND author = ?";
- $this->db->query($sql, array(array(3, 6), 'live', 'Rick'));
-
-The resulting query will be::
-
- SELECT * FROM some_table WHERE id IN (3,6) AND status = 'live' AND author = 'Rick'
-
-The secondary benefit of using binds is that the values are
-automatically escaped, producing safer queries. You don't have to
-remember to manually escape data; the engine does it automatically for
-you.
-
-***************
-Handling Errors
-***************
-
-**$this->db->error();**
-
-If you need to get the last error that has occurred, the error() method
-will return an array containing its code and message. Here's a quick
-example::
-
- if ( ! $this->db->simple_query('SELECT `example_field` FROM `example_table`'))
- {
- $error = $this->db->error(); // Has keys 'code' and 'message'
- }
-
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/query_builder.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/query_builder.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 38bc7fcff..000000000
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/query_builder.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1570 +0,0 @@
-###################
-Query Builder Class
-###################
-
-CodeIgniter gives you access to a Query Builder class. This pattern
-allows information to be retrieved, inserted, and updated in your
-database with minimal scripting. In some cases only one or two lines
-of code are necessary to perform a database action.
-CodeIgniter does not require that each database table be its own class
-file. It instead provides a more simplified interface.
-
-Beyond simplicity, a major benefit to using the Query Builder features
-is that it allows you to create database independent applications, since
-the query syntax is generated by each database adapter. It also allows
-for safer queries, since the values are escaped automatically by the
-system.
-
-.. note:: If you intend to write your own queries you can disable this
- class in your database config file, allowing the core database library
- and adapter to utilize fewer resources.
-
-.. contents::
- :local:
- :depth: 1
-
-**************
-Selecting Data
-**************
-
-The following functions allow you to build SQL **SELECT** statements.
-
-**$this->db->get()**
-
-Runs the selection query and returns the result. Can be used by itself
-to retrieve all records from a table::
-
- $query = $this->db->get('mytable'); // Produces: SELECT * FROM mytable
-
-The second and third parameters enable you to set a limit and offset
-clause::
-
- $query = $this->db->get('mytable', 10, 20);
-
- // Executes: SELECT * FROM mytable LIMIT 20, 10
- // (in MySQL. Other databases have slightly different syntax)
-
-You'll notice that the above function is assigned to a variable named
-$query, which can be used to show the results::
-
- $query = $this->db->get('mytable');
-
- foreach ($query->result() as $row)
- {
- echo $row->title;
- }
-
-Please visit the :doc:`result functions <results>` page for a full
-discussion regarding result generation.
-
-**$this->db->get_compiled_select()**
-
-Compiles the selection query just like **$this->db->get()** but does not *run*
-the query. This method simply returns the SQL query as a string.
-
-Example::
-
- $sql = $this->db->get_compiled_select('mytable');
- echo $sql;
-
- // Prints string: SELECT * FROM mytable
-
-The second parameter enables you to set whether or not the query builder query
-will be reset (by default it will be reset, just like when using `$this->db->get()`)::
-
- echo $this->db->limit(10,20)->get_compiled_select('mytable', FALSE);
-
- // Prints string: SELECT * FROM mytable LIMIT 20, 10
- // (in MySQL. Other databases have slightly different syntax)
-
- echo $this->db->select('title, content, date')->get_compiled_select();
-
- // Prints string: SELECT title, content, date FROM mytable LIMIT 20, 10
-
-The key thing to notice in the above example is that the second query did not
-utilize **$this->db->from()** and did not pass a table name into the first
-parameter. The reason for this outcome is because the query has not been
-executed using **$this->db->get()** which resets values or reset directly
-using **$this->db->reset_query()**.
-
-**$this->db->get_where()**
-
-Identical to the above function except that it permits you to add a
-"where" clause in the second parameter, instead of using the db->where()
-function::
-
- $query = $this->db->get_where('mytable', array('id' => $id), $limit, $offset);
-
-Please read the about the where function below for more information.
-
-.. note:: get_where() was formerly known as getwhere(), which has been removed
-
-**$this->db->select()**
-
-Permits you to write the SELECT portion of your query::
-
- $this->db->select('title, content, date');
- $query = $this->db->get('mytable');
-
- // Executes: SELECT title, content, date FROM mytable
-
-.. note:: If you are selecting all (\*) from a table you do not need to
- use this function. When omitted, CodeIgniter assumes that you wish
- to select all fields and automatically adds 'SELECT \*'.
-
-``$this->db->select()`` accepts an optional second parameter. If you set it
-to FALSE, CodeIgniter will not try to protect your field or table names.
-This is useful if you need a compound select statement where automatic
-escaping of fields may break them.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->select('(SELECT SUM(payments.amount) FROM payments WHERE payments.invoice_id=4) AS amount_paid', FALSE);
- $query = $this->db->get('mytable');
-
-**$this->db->select_max()**
-
-Writes a ``SELECT MAX(field)`` portion for your query. You can optionally
-include a second parameter to rename the resulting field.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->select_max('age');
- $query = $this->db->get('members'); // Produces: SELECT MAX(age) as age FROM members
-
- $this->db->select_max('age', 'member_age');
- $query = $this->db->get('members'); // Produces: SELECT MAX(age) as member_age FROM members
-
-
-**$this->db->select_min()**
-
-Writes a "SELECT MIN(field)" portion for your query. As with
-select_max(), You can optionally include a second parameter to rename
-the resulting field.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->select_min('age');
- $query = $this->db->get('members'); // Produces: SELECT MIN(age) as age FROM members
-
-
-**$this->db->select_avg()**
-
-Writes a "SELECT AVG(field)" portion for your query. As with
-select_max(), You can optionally include a second parameter to rename
-the resulting field.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->select_avg('age');
- $query = $this->db->get('members'); // Produces: SELECT AVG(age) as age FROM members
-
-
-**$this->db->select_sum()**
-
-Writes a "SELECT SUM(field)" portion for your query. As with
-select_max(), You can optionally include a second parameter to rename
-the resulting field.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->select_sum('age');
- $query = $this->db->get('members'); // Produces: SELECT SUM(age) as age FROM members
-
-**$this->db->from()**
-
-Permits you to write the FROM portion of your query::
-
- $this->db->select('title, content, date');
- $this->db->from('mytable');
- $query = $this->db->get(); // Produces: SELECT title, content, date FROM mytable
-
-.. note:: As shown earlier, the FROM portion of your query can be specified
- in the $this->db->get() function, so use whichever method you prefer.
-
-**$this->db->join()**
-
-Permits you to write the JOIN portion of your query::
-
- $this->db->select('*');
- $this->db->from('blogs');
- $this->db->join('comments', 'comments.id = blogs.id');
- $query = $this->db->get();
-
- // Produces:
- // SELECT * FROM blogs JOIN comments ON comments.id = blogs.id
-
-Multiple function calls can be made if you need several joins in one
-query.
-
-If you need a specific type of JOIN you can specify it via the third
-parameter of the function. Options are: left, right, outer, inner, left
-outer, and right outer.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->join('comments', 'comments.id = blogs.id', 'left');
- // Produces: LEFT JOIN comments ON comments.id = blogs.id
-
-*************************
-Looking for Specific Data
-*************************
-
-**$this->db->where()**
-
-This function enables you to set **WHERE** clauses using one of four
-methods:
-
-.. note:: All values passed to this function are escaped automatically,
- producing safer queries.
-
-#. **Simple key/value method:**
-
- ::
-
- $this->db->where('name', $name); // Produces: WHERE name = 'Joe'
-
- Notice that the equal sign is added for you.
-
- If you use multiple function calls they will be chained together with
- AND between them:
-
- ::
-
- $this->db->where('name', $name);
- $this->db->where('title', $title);
- $this->db->where('status', $status);
- // WHERE name = 'Joe' AND title = 'boss' AND status = 'active'
-
-#. **Custom key/value method:**
-
- You can include an operator in the first parameter in order to
- control the comparison:
-
- ::
-
- $this->db->where('name !=', $name);
- $this->db->where('id <', $id); // Produces: WHERE name != 'Joe' AND id < 45
-
-#. **Associative array method:**
-
- ::
-
- $array = array('name' => $name, 'title' => $title, 'status' => $status);
- $this->db->where($array);
- // Produces: WHERE name = 'Joe' AND title = 'boss' AND status = 'active'
-
- You can include your own operators using this method as well:
-
- ::
-
- $array = array('name !=' => $name, 'id <' => $id, 'date >' => $date);
- $this->db->where($array);
-
-#. **Custom string:**
- You can write your own clauses manually::
-
- $where = "name='Joe' AND status='boss' OR status='active'";
- $this->db->where($where);
-
-
-``$this->db->where()`` accepts an optional third parameter. If you set it to
-FALSE, CodeIgniter will not try to protect your field or table names.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->where('MATCH (field) AGAINST ("value")', NULL, FALSE);
-
-**$this->db->or_where()**
-
-This function is identical to the one above, except that multiple
-instances are joined by OR::
-
- $this->db->where('name !=', $name);
- $this->db->or_where('id >', $id); // Produces: WHERE name != 'Joe' OR id > 50
-
-.. note:: or_where() was formerly known as orwhere(), which has been
- removed.
-
-**$this->db->where_in()**
-
-Generates a WHERE field IN ('item', 'item') SQL query joined with AND if
-appropriate
-
-::
-
- $names = array('Frank', 'Todd', 'James');
- $this->db->where_in('username', $names);
- // Produces: WHERE username IN ('Frank', 'Todd', 'James')
-
-
-**$this->db->or_where_in()**
-
-Generates a WHERE field IN ('item', 'item') SQL query joined with OR if
-appropriate
-
-::
-
- $names = array('Frank', 'Todd', 'James');
- $this->db->or_where_in('username', $names);
- // Produces: OR username IN ('Frank', 'Todd', 'James')
-
-**$this->db->where_not_in()**
-
-Generates a WHERE field NOT IN ('item', 'item') SQL query joined with
-AND if appropriate
-
-::
-
- $names = array('Frank', 'Todd', 'James');
- $this->db->where_not_in('username', $names);
- // Produces: WHERE username NOT IN ('Frank', 'Todd', 'James')
-
-
-**$this->db->or_where_not_in()**
-
-Generates a WHERE field NOT IN ('item', 'item') SQL query joined with OR
-if appropriate
-
-::
-
- $names = array('Frank', 'Todd', 'James');
- $this->db->or_where_not_in('username', $names);
- // Produces: OR username NOT IN ('Frank', 'Todd', 'James')
-
-************************
-Looking for Similar Data
-************************
-
-**$this->db->like()**
-
-This method enables you to generate **LIKE** clauses, useful for doing
-searches.
-
-.. note:: All values passed to this method are escaped automatically.
-
-#. **Simple key/value method:**
-
- ::
-
- $this->db->like('title', 'match');
- // Produces: WHERE `title` LIKE '%match%' ESCAPE '!'
-
- If you use multiple method calls they will be chained together with
- AND between them::
-
- $this->db->like('title', 'match');
- $this->db->like('body', 'match');
- // WHERE `title` LIKE '%match%' ESCAPE '!' AND `body` LIKE '%match% ESCAPE '!'
-
- If you want to control where the wildcard (%) is placed, you can use
- an optional third argument. Your options are 'before', 'after' and
- 'both' (which is the default).
-
- ::
-
- $this->db->like('title', 'match', 'before'); // Produces: WHERE `title` LIKE '%match' ESCAPE '!'
- $this->db->like('title', 'match', 'after'); // Produces: WHERE `title` LIKE 'match%' ESCAPE '!'
- $this->db->like('title', 'match', 'both'); // Produces: WHERE `title` LIKE '%match%' ESCAPE '!'
-
-#. **Associative array method:**
-
- ::
-
- $array = array('title' => $match, 'page1' => $match, 'page2' => $match);
- $this->db->like($array);
- // WHERE `title` LIKE '%match%' ESCAPE '!' AND `page1` LIKE '%match%' ESCAPE '!' AND `page2` LIKE '%match%' ESCAPE '!'
-
-
-**$this->db->or_like()**
-
-This method is identical to the one above, except that multiple
-instances are joined by OR::
-
- $this->db->like('title', 'match'); $this->db->or_like('body', $match);
- // WHERE `title` LIKE '%match%' ESCAPE '!' OR `body` LIKE '%match%' ESCAPE '!'
-
-.. note:: ``or_like()`` was formerly known as ``orlike()``, which has been removed.
-
-**$this->db->not_like()**
-
-This method is identical to ``like()``, except that it generates
-NOT LIKE statements::
-
- $this->db->not_like('title', 'match'); // WHERE `title` NOT LIKE '%match% ESCAPE '!'
-
-**$this->db->or_not_like()**
-
-This method is identical to ``not_like()``, except that multiple
-instances are joined by OR::
-
- $this->db->like('title', 'match');
- $this->db->or_not_like('body', 'match');
- // WHERE `title` LIKE '%match% OR `body` NOT LIKE '%match%' ESCAPE '!'
-
-**$this->db->group_by()**
-
-Permits you to write the GROUP BY portion of your query::
-
- $this->db->group_by("title"); // Produces: GROUP BY title
-
-You can also pass an array of multiple values as well::
-
- $this->db->group_by(array("title", "date")); // Produces: GROUP BY title, date
-
-.. note:: group_by() was formerly known as groupby(), which has been
- removed.
-
-**$this->db->distinct()**
-
-Adds the "DISTINCT" keyword to a query
-
-::
-
- $this->db->distinct();
- $this->db->get('table'); // Produces: SELECT DISTINCT * FROM table
-
-**$this->db->having()**
-
-Permits you to write the HAVING portion of your query. There are 2
-possible syntaxes, 1 argument or 2::
-
- $this->db->having('user_id = 45'); // Produces: HAVING user_id = 45
- $this->db->having('user_id', 45); // Produces: HAVING user_id = 45
-
-You can also pass an array of multiple values as well::
-
- $this->db->having(array('title =' => 'My Title', 'id <' => $id));
- // Produces: HAVING title = 'My Title', id < 45
-
-
-If you are using a database that CodeIgniter escapes queries for, you
-can prevent escaping content by passing an optional third argument, and
-setting it to FALSE.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->having('user_id', 45); // Produces: HAVING `user_id` = 45 in some databases such as MySQL
- $this->db->having('user_id', 45, FALSE); // Produces: HAVING user_id = 45
-
-
-**$this->db->or_having()**
-
-Identical to having(), only separates multiple clauses with "OR".
-
-****************
-Ordering results
-****************
-
-**$this->db->order_by()**
-
-Lets you set an ORDER BY clause.
-
-The first parameter contains the name of the column you would like to order by.
-
-The second parameter lets you set the direction of the result.
-Options are **ASC**, **DESC** AND **RANDOM**.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->order_by('title', 'DESC');
- // Produces: ORDER BY `title` DESC
-
-You can also pass your own string in the first parameter::
-
- $this->db->order_by('title DESC, name ASC');
- // Produces: ORDER BY `title` DESC, `name` ASC
-
-Or multiple function calls can be made if you need multiple fields.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->order_by('title', 'DESC');
- $this->db->order_by('name', 'ASC');
- // Produces: ORDER BY `title` DESC, `name` ASC
-
-If you choose the **RANDOM** direction option, then the first parameters will
-be ignored, unless you specify a numeric seed value.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->order_by('title', 'RANDOM');
- // Produces: ORDER BY RAND()
-
- $this->db->order_by(42, 'RANDOM');
- // Produces: ORDER BY RAND(42)
-
-.. note:: order_by() was formerly known as orderby(), which has been
- removed.
-
-.. note:: Random ordering is not currently supported in Oracle and
- will default to ASC instead.
-
-****************************
-Limiting or Counting Results
-****************************
-
-**$this->db->limit()**
-
-Lets you limit the number of rows you would like returned by the query::
-
- $this->db->limit(10); // Produces: LIMIT 10
-
-The second parameter lets you set a result offset.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->limit(10, 20); // Produces: LIMIT 20, 10 (in MySQL. Other databases have slightly different syntax)
-
-**$this->db->count_all_results()**
-
-Permits you to determine the number of rows in a particular Active
-Record query. Queries will accept Query Builder restrictors such as
-``where()``, ``or_where()``, ``like()``, ``or_like()``, etc. Example::
-
- echo $this->db->count_all_results('my_table'); // Produces an integer, like 25
- $this->db->like('title', 'match');
- $this->db->from('my_table');
- echo $this->db->count_all_results(); // Produces an integer, like 17
-
-However, this method also resets any field values that you may have passed
-to ``select()``. If you need to keep them, you can pass ``FALSE`` as the
-second parameter::
-
- echo $this->db->count_all_results('my_table', FALSE);
-
-**$this->db->count_all()**
-
-Permits you to determine the number of rows in a particular table.
-Submit the table name in the first parameter. Example::
-
- echo $this->db->count_all('my_table'); // Produces an integer, like 25
-
-**************
-Query grouping
-**************
-
-Query grouping allows you to create groups of WHERE clauses by enclosing them in parentheses. This will allow
-you to create queries with complex WHERE clauses. Nested groups are supported. Example::
-
- $this->db->select('*')->from('my_table')
- ->group_start()
- ->where('a', 'a')
- ->or_group_start()
- ->where('b', 'b')
- ->where('c', 'c')
- ->group_end()
- ->group_end()
- ->where('d', 'd')
- ->get();
-
- // Generates:
- // SELECT * FROM (`my_table`) WHERE ( `a` = 'a' OR ( `b` = 'b' AND `c` = 'c' ) ) AND `d` = 'd'
-
-.. note:: groups need to be balanced, make sure every group_start() is matched by a group_end().
-
-**$this->db->group_start()**
-
-Starts a new group by adding an opening parenthesis to the WHERE clause of the query.
-
-**$this->db->or_group_start()**
-
-Starts a new group by adding an opening parenthesis to the WHERE clause of the query, prefixing it with 'OR'.
-
-**$this->db->not_group_start()**
-
-Starts a new group by adding an opening parenthesis to the WHERE clause of the query, prefixing it with 'NOT'.
-
-**$this->db->or_not_group_start()**
-
-Starts a new group by adding an opening parenthesis to the WHERE clause of the query, prefixing it with 'OR NOT'.
-
-**$this->db->group_end()**
-
-Ends the current group by adding an closing parenthesis to the WHERE clause of the query.
-
-**************
-Inserting Data
-**************
-
-**$this->db->insert()**
-
-Generates an insert string based on the data you supply, and runs the
-query. You can either pass an **array** or an **object** to the
-function. Here is an example using an array::
-
- $data = array(
- 'title' => 'My title',
- 'name' => 'My Name',
- 'date' => 'My date'
- );
-
- $this->db->insert('mytable', $data);
- // Produces: INSERT INTO mytable (title, name, date) VALUES ('My title', 'My name', 'My date')
-
-The first parameter will contain the table name, the second is an
-associative array of values.
-
-Here is an example using an object::
-
- /*
- class Myclass {
- public $title = 'My Title';
- public $content = 'My Content';
- public $date = 'My Date';
- }
- */
-
- $object = new Myclass;
- $this->db->insert('mytable', $object);
- // Produces: INSERT INTO mytable (title, content, date) VALUES ('My Title', 'My Content', 'My Date')
-
-The first parameter will contain the table name, the second is an
-object.
-
-.. note:: All values are escaped automatically producing safer queries.
-
-**$this->db->get_compiled_insert()**
-
-Compiles the insertion query just like $this->db->insert() but does not
-*run* the query. This method simply returns the SQL query as a string.
-
-Example::
-
- $data = array(
- 'title' => 'My title',
- 'name' => 'My Name',
- 'date' => 'My date'
- );
-
- $sql = $this->db->set($data)->get_compiled_insert('mytable');
- echo $sql;
-
- // Produces string: INSERT INTO mytable (`title`, `name`, `date`) VALUES ('My title', 'My name', 'My date')
-
-The second parameter enables you to set whether or not the query builder query
-will be reset (by default it will be--just like $this->db->insert())::
-
- echo $this->db->set('title', 'My Title')->get_compiled_insert('mytable', FALSE);
-
- // Produces string: INSERT INTO mytable (`title`) VALUES ('My Title')
-
- echo $this->db->set('content', 'My Content')->get_compiled_insert();
-
- // Produces string: INSERT INTO mytable (`title`, `content`) VALUES ('My Title', 'My Content')
-
-The key thing to notice in the above example is that the second query did not
-utilize `$this->db->from()` nor did it pass a table name into the first
-parameter. The reason this worked is because the query has not been executed
-using `$this->db->insert()` which resets values or reset directly using
-`$this->db->reset_query()`.
-
-.. note:: This method doesn't work for batched inserts.
-
-**$this->db->insert_batch()**
-
-Generates an insert string based on the data you supply, and runs the
-query. You can either pass an **array** or an **object** to the
-function. Here is an example using an array::
-
- $data = array(
- array(
- 'title' => 'My title',
- 'name' => 'My Name',
- 'date' => 'My date'
- ),
- array(
- 'title' => 'Another title',
- 'name' => 'Another Name',
- 'date' => 'Another date'
- )
- );
-
- $this->db->insert_batch('mytable', $data);
- // Produces: INSERT INTO mytable (title, name, date) VALUES ('My title', 'My name', 'My date'), ('Another title', 'Another name', 'Another date')
-
-The first parameter will contain the table name, the second is an
-associative array of values.
-
-.. note:: All values are escaped automatically producing safer queries.
-
-*************
-Updating Data
-*************
-
-**$this->db->replace()**
-
-This method executes a REPLACE statement, which is basically the SQL
-standard for (optional) DELETE + INSERT, using *PRIMARY* and *UNIQUE*
-keys as the determining factor.
-In our case, it will save you from the need to implement complex
-logics with different combinations of ``select()``, ``update()``,
-``delete()`` and ``insert()`` calls.
-
-Example::
-
- $data = array(
- 'title' => 'My title',
- 'name' => 'My Name',
- 'date' => 'My date'
- );
-
- $this->db->replace('table', $data);
-
- // Executes: REPLACE INTO mytable (title, name, date) VALUES ('My title', 'My name', 'My date')
-
-In the above example, if we assume that the *title* field is our primary
-key, then if a row containing 'My title' as the *title* value, that row
-will be deleted with our new row data replacing it.
-
-Usage of the ``set()`` method is also allowed and all fields are
-automatically escaped, just like with ``insert()``.
-
-**$this->db->set()**
-
-This function enables you to set values for inserts or updates.
-
-**It can be used instead of passing a data array directly to the insert
-or update functions:**
-
-::
-
- $this->db->set('name', $name);
- $this->db->insert('mytable'); // Produces: INSERT INTO mytable (`name`) VALUES ('{$name}')
-
-If you use multiple function called they will be assembled properly
-based on whether you are doing an insert or an update::
-
- $this->db->set('name', $name);
- $this->db->set('title', $title);
- $this->db->set('status', $status);
- $this->db->insert('mytable');
-
-**set()** will also accept an optional third parameter (``$escape``), that
-will prevent data from being escaped if set to FALSE. To illustrate the
-difference, here is ``set()`` used both with and without the escape
-parameter.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->set('field', 'field+1', FALSE);
- $this->db->where('id', 2);
- $this->db->update('mytable'); // gives UPDATE mytable SET field = field+1 WHERE id = 2
-
- $this->db->set('field', 'field+1');
- $this->db->where('id', 2);
- $this->db->update('mytable'); // gives UPDATE `mytable` SET `field` = 'field+1' WHERE `id` = 2
-
-You can also pass an associative array to this function::
-
- $array = array(
- 'name' => $name,
- 'title' => $title,
- 'status' => $status
- );
-
- $this->db->set($array);
- $this->db->insert('mytable');
-
-Or an object::
-
- /*
- class Myclass {
- public $title = 'My Title';
- public $content = 'My Content';
- public $date = 'My Date';
- }
- */
-
- $object = new Myclass;
- $this->db->set($object);
- $this->db->insert('mytable');
-
-**$this->db->update()**
-
-Generates an update string and runs the query based on the data you
-supply. You can pass an **array** or an **object** to the function. Here
-is an example using an array::
-
- $data = array(
- 'title' => $title,
- 'name' => $name,
- 'date' => $date
- );
-
- $this->db->where('id', $id);
- $this->db->update('mytable', $data);
- // Produces:
- //
- // UPDATE mytable
- // SET title = '{$title}', name = '{$name}', date = '{$date}'
- // WHERE id = $id
-
-Or you can supply an object::
-
- /*
- class Myclass {
- public $title = 'My Title';
- public $content = 'My Content';
- public $date = 'My Date';
- }
- */
-
- $object = new Myclass;
- $this->db->where('id', $id);
- $this->db->update('mytable', $object);
- // Produces:
- //
- // UPDATE `mytable`
- // SET `title` = '{$title}', `name` = '{$name}', `date` = '{$date}'
- // WHERE id = `$id`
-
-.. note:: All values are escaped automatically producing safer queries.
-
-You'll notice the use of the $this->db->where() function, enabling you
-to set the WHERE clause. You can optionally pass this information
-directly into the update function as a string::
-
- $this->db->update('mytable', $data, "id = 4");
-
-Or as an array::
-
- $this->db->update('mytable', $data, array('id' => $id));
-
-You may also use the $this->db->set() function described above when
-performing updates.
-
-**$this->db->update_batch()**
-
-Generates an update string based on the data you supply, and runs the query.
-You can either pass an **array** or an **object** to the function.
-Here is an example using an array::
-
- $data = array(
- array(
- 'title' => 'My title' ,
- 'name' => 'My Name 2' ,
- 'date' => 'My date 2'
- ),
- array(
- 'title' => 'Another title' ,
- 'name' => 'Another Name 2' ,
- 'date' => 'Another date 2'
- )
- );
-
- $this->db->update_batch('mytable', $data, 'title');
-
- // Produces:
- // UPDATE `mytable` SET `name` = CASE
- // WHEN `title` = 'My title' THEN 'My Name 2'
- // WHEN `title` = 'Another title' THEN 'Another Name 2'
- // ELSE `name` END,
- // `date` = CASE
- // WHEN `title` = 'My title' THEN 'My date 2'
- // WHEN `title` = 'Another title' THEN 'Another date 2'
- // ELSE `date` END
- // WHERE `title` IN ('My title','Another title')
-
-The first parameter will contain the table name, the second is an associative
-array of values, the third parameter is the where key.
-
-.. note:: All values are escaped automatically producing safer queries.
-
-.. note:: ``affected_rows()`` won't give you proper results with this method,
- due to the very nature of how it works. Instead, ``update_batch()``
- returns the number of rows affected.
-
-**$this->db->get_compiled_update()**
-
-This works exactly the same way as ``$this->db->get_compiled_insert()`` except
-that it produces an UPDATE SQL string instead of an INSERT SQL string.
-
-For more information view documentation for `$this->db->get_compiled_insert()`.
-
-.. note:: This method doesn't work for batched updates.
-
-*************
-Deleting Data
-*************
-
-**$this->db->delete()**
-
-Generates a delete SQL string and runs the query.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->delete('mytable', array('id' => $id)); // Produces: // DELETE FROM mytable // WHERE id = $id
-
-The first parameter is the table name, the second is the where clause.
-You can also use the where() or or_where() functions instead of passing
-the data to the second parameter of the function::
-
- $this->db->where('id', $id);
- $this->db->delete('mytable');
-
- // Produces:
- // DELETE FROM mytable
- // WHERE id = $id
-
-
-An array of table names can be passed into delete() if you would like to
-delete data from more than 1 table.
-
-::
-
- $tables = array('table1', 'table2', 'table3');
- $this->db->where('id', '5');
- $this->db->delete($tables);
-
-
-If you want to delete all data from a table, you can use the truncate()
-function, or empty_table().
-
-**$this->db->empty_table()**
-
-Generates a delete SQL string and runs the
-query.::
-
- $this->db->empty_table('mytable'); // Produces: DELETE FROM mytable
-
-**$this->db->truncate()**
-
-Generates a truncate SQL string and runs the query.
-
-::
-
- $this->db->from('mytable');
- $this->db->truncate();
-
- // or
-
- $this->db->truncate('mytable');
-
- // Produce:
- // TRUNCATE mytable
-
-.. note:: If the TRUNCATE command isn't available, truncate() will
- execute as "DELETE FROM table".
-
-**$this->db->get_compiled_delete()**
-
-This works exactly the same way as ``$this->db->get_compiled_insert()`` except
-that it produces a DELETE SQL string instead of an INSERT SQL string.
-
-For more information view documentation for $this->db->get_compiled_insert().
-
-***************
-Method Chaining
-***************
-
-Method chaining allows you to simplify your syntax by connecting
-multiple functions. Consider this example::
-
- $query = $this->db->select('title')
- ->where('id', $id)
- ->limit(10, 20)
- ->get('mytable');
-
-.. _ar-caching:
-
-*********************
-Query Builder Caching
-*********************
-
-While not "true" caching, Query Builder enables you to save (or "cache")
-certain parts of your queries for reuse at a later point in your
-script's execution. Normally, when an Query Builder call is completed,
-all stored information is reset for the next call. With caching, you can
-prevent this reset, and reuse information easily.
-
-Cached calls are cumulative. If you make 2 cached select() calls, and
-then 2 uncached select() calls, this will result in 4 select() calls.
-There are three Caching functions available:
-
-**$this->db->start_cache()**
-
-This function must be called to begin caching. All Query Builder queries
-of the correct type (see below for supported queries) are stored for
-later use.
-
-**$this->db->stop_cache()**
-
-This function can be called to stop caching.
-
-**$this->db->flush_cache()**
-
-This function deletes all items from the Query Builder cache.
-
-An example of caching
----------------------
-
-Here's a usage example::
-
- $this->db->start_cache();
- $this->db->select('field1');
- $this->db->stop_cache();
- $this->db->get('tablename');
- //Generates: SELECT `field1` FROM (`tablename`)
-
- $this->db->select('field2');
- $this->db->get('tablename');
- //Generates: SELECT `field1`, `field2` FROM (`tablename`)
-
- $this->db->flush_cache();
- $this->db->select('field2');
- $this->db->get('tablename');
- //Generates: SELECT `field2` FROM (`tablename`)
-
-
-.. note:: The following statements can be cached: select, from, join,
- where, like, group_by, having, order_by
-
-
-***********************
-Resetting Query Builder
-***********************
-
-**$this->db->reset_query()**
-
-Resetting Query Builder allows you to start fresh with your query without
-executing it first using a method like $this->db->get() or $this->db->insert().
-Just like the methods that execute a query, this will *not* reset items you've
-cached using `Query Builder Caching`_.
-
-This is useful in situations where you are using Query Builder to generate SQL
-(ex. ``$this->db->get_compiled_select()``) but then choose to, for instance,
-run the query::
-
- // Note that the second parameter of the get_compiled_select method is FALSE
- $sql = $this->db->select(array('field1','field2'))
- ->where('field3',5)
- ->get_compiled_select('mytable', FALSE);
-
- // ...
- // Do something crazy with the SQL code... like add it to a cron script for
- // later execution or something...
- // ...
-
- $data = $this->db->get()->result_array();
-
- // Would execute and return an array of results of the following query:
- // SELECT field1, field1 from mytable where field3 = 5;
-
-.. note:: Double calls to ``get_compiled_select()`` while you're using the
- Query Builder Caching functionality and NOT resetting your queries
- will results in the cache being merged twice. That in turn will
- i.e. if you're caching a ``select()`` - select the same field twice.
-
-***************
-Class Reference
-***************
-
-.. php:class:: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- .. php:method:: reset_query()
-
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Resets the current Query Builder state. Useful when you want
- to build a query that can be cancelled under certain conditions.
-
- .. php:method:: start_cache()
-
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Starts the Query Builder cache.
-
- .. php:method:: stop_cache()
-
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Stops the Query Builder cache.
-
- .. php:method:: flush_cache()
-
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Empties the Query Builder cache.
-
- .. php:method:: set_dbprefix([$prefix = ''])
-
- :param string $prefix: The new prefix to use
- :returns: The DB prefix in use
- :rtype: string
-
- Sets the database prefix, without having to reconnect.
-
- .. php:method:: dbprefix([$table = ''])
-
- :param string $table: The table name to prefix
- :returns: The prefixed table name
- :rtype: string
-
- Prepends a database prefix, if one exists in configuration.
-
- .. php:method:: count_all_results([$table = '', [$reset = TRUE]])
-
- :param string $table: Table name
- :param bool $reset: Whether to reset values for SELECTs
- :returns: Number of rows in the query result
- :rtype: int
-
- Generates a platform-specific query string that counts
- all records returned by an Query Builder query.
-
- .. php:method:: get([$table = ''[, $limit = NULL[, $offset = NULL]]])
-
- :param string $table: The table to query
- :param int $limit: The LIMIT clause
- :param int $offset: The OFFSET clause
- :returns: CI_DB_result instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_result
-
- Compiles and runs SELECT statement based on the already
- called Query Builder methods.
-
- .. php:method:: get_where([$table = ''[, $where = NULL[, $limit = NULL[, $offset = NULL]]]])
-
- :param mixed $table: The table(s) to fetch data from; string or array
- :param string $where: The WHERE clause
- :param int $limit: The LIMIT clause
- :param int $offset: The OFFSET clause
- :returns: CI_DB_result instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_result
-
- Same as ``get()``, but also allows the WHERE to be added directly.
-
- .. php:method:: select([$select = '*'[, $escape = NULL]])
-
- :param string $select: The SELECT portion of a query
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds a SELECT clause to a query.
-
- .. php:method:: select_avg([$select = ''[, $alias = '']])
-
- :param string $select: Field to compute the average of
- :param string $alias: Alias for the resulting value name
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds a SELECT AVG(field) clause to a query.
-
- .. php:method:: select_max([$select = ''[, $alias = '']])
-
- :param string $select: Field to compute the maximum of
- :param string $alias: Alias for the resulting value name
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds a SELECT MAX(field) clause to a query.
-
- .. php:method:: select_min([$select = ''[, $alias = '']])
-
- :param string $select: Field to compute the minimum of
- :param string $alias: Alias for the resulting value name
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds a SELECT MIN(field) clause to a query.
-
- .. php:method:: select_sum([$select = ''[, $alias = '']])
-
- :param string $select: Field to compute the sum of
- :param string $alias: Alias for the resulting value name
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds a SELECT SUM(field) clause to a query.
-
- .. php:method:: distinct([$val = TRUE])
-
- :param bool $val: Desired value of the "distinct" flag
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Sets a flag which tells the query builder to add
- a DISTINCT clause to the SELECT portion of the query.
-
- .. php:method:: from($from)
-
- :param mixed $from: Table name(s); string or array
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Specifies the FROM clause of a query.
-
- .. php:method:: join($table, $cond[, $type = ''[, $escape = NULL]])
-
- :param string $table: Table name to join
- :param string $cond: The JOIN ON condition
- :param string $type: The JOIN type
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds a JOIN clause to a query.
-
- .. php:method:: where($key[, $value = NULL[, $escape = NULL]])
-
- :param mixed $key: Name of field to compare, or associative array
- :param mixed $value: If a single key, compared to this value
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: DB_query_builder instance
- :rtype: object
-
- Generates the WHERE portion of the query.
- Separates multiple calls with 'AND'.
-
- .. php:method:: or_where($key[, $value = NULL[, $escape = NULL]])
-
- :param mixed $key: Name of field to compare, or associative array
- :param mixed $value: If a single key, compared to this value
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: DB_query_builder instance
- :rtype: object
-
- Generates the WHERE portion of the query.
- Separates multiple calls with 'OR'.
-
- .. php:method:: or_where_in([$key = NULL[, $values = NULL[, $escape = NULL]]])
-
- :param string $key: The field to search
- :param array $values: The values searched on
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: DB_query_builder instance
- :rtype: object
-
- Generates a WHERE field IN('item', 'item') SQL query,
- joined with 'OR' if appropriate.
-
- .. php:method:: or_where_not_in([$key = NULL[, $values = NULL[, $escape = NULL]]])
-
- :param string $key: The field to search
- :param array $values: The values searched on
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: DB_query_builder instance
- :rtype: object
-
- Generates a WHERE field NOT IN('item', 'item') SQL query,
- joined with 'OR' if appropriate.
-
- .. php:method:: where_in([$key = NULL[, $values = NULL[, $escape = NULL]]])
-
- :param string $key: Name of field to examine
- :param array $values: Array of target values
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: DB_query_builder instance
- :rtype: object
-
- Generates a WHERE field IN('item', 'item') SQL query,
- joined with 'AND' if appropriate.
-
- .. php:method:: where_not_in([$key = NULL[, $values = NULL[, $escape = NULL]]])
-
- :param string $key: Name of field to examine
- :param array $values: Array of target values
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: DB_query_builder instance
- :rtype: object
-
- Generates a WHERE field NOT IN('item', 'item') SQL query,
- joined with 'AND' if appropriate.
-
- .. php:method:: group_start()
-
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Starts a group expression, using ANDs for the conditions inside it.
-
- .. php:method:: or_group_start()
-
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Starts a group expression, using ORs for the conditions inside it.
-
- .. php:method:: not_group_start()
-
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Starts a group expression, using AND NOTs for the conditions inside it.
-
- .. php:method:: or_not_group_start()
-
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Starts a group expression, using OR NOTs for the conditions inside it.
-
- .. php:method:: group_end()
-
- :returns: DB_query_builder instance
- :rtype: object
-
- Ends a group expression.
-
- .. php:method:: like($field[, $match = ''[, $side = 'both'[, $escape = NULL]]])
-
- :param string $field: Field name
- :param string $match: Text portion to match
- :param string $side: Which side of the expression to put the '%' wildcard on
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds a LIKE clause to a query, separating multiple calls with AND.
-
- .. php:method:: or_like($field[, $match = ''[, $side = 'both'[, $escape = NULL]]])
-
- :param string $field: Field name
- :param string $match: Text portion to match
- :param string $side: Which side of the expression to put the '%' wildcard on
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds a LIKE clause to a query, separating multiple class with OR.
-
- .. php:method:: not_like($field[, $match = ''[, $side = 'both'[, $escape = NULL]]])
-
- :param string $field: Field name
- :param string $match: Text portion to match
- :param string $side: Which side of the expression to put the '%' wildcard on
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds a NOT LIKE clause to a query, separating multiple calls with AND.
-
- .. php:method:: or_not_like($field[, $match = ''[, $side = 'both'[, $escape = NULL]]])
-
- :param string $field: Field name
- :param string $match: Text portion to match
- :param string $side: Which side of the expression to put the '%' wildcard on
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds a NOT LIKE clause to a query, separating multiple calls with OR.
-
- .. php:method:: having($key[, $value = NULL[, $escape = NULL]])
-
- :param mixed $key: Identifier (string) or associative array of field/value pairs
- :param string $value: Value sought if $key is an identifier
- :param string $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds a HAVING clause to a query, separating multiple calls with AND.
-
- .. php:method:: or_having($key[, $value = NULL[, $escape = NULL]])
-
- :param mixed $key: Identifier (string) or associative array of field/value pairs
- :param string $value: Value sought if $key is an identifier
- :param string $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds a HAVING clause to a query, separating multiple calls with OR.
-
- .. php:method:: group_by($by[, $escape = NULL])
-
- :param mixed $by: Field(s) to group by; string or array
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds a GROUP BY clause to a query.
-
- .. php:method:: order_by($orderby[, $direction = ''[, $escape = NULL]])
-
- :param string $orderby: Field to order by
- :param string $direction: The order requested - ASC, DESC or random
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds an ORDER BY clause to a query.
-
- .. php:method:: limit($value[, $offset = 0])
-
- :param int $value: Number of rows to limit the results to
- :param int $offset: Number of rows to skip
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds LIMIT and OFFSET clauses to a query.
-
- .. php:method:: offset($offset)
-
- :param int $offset: Number of rows to skip
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds an OFFSET clause to a query.
-
- .. php:method:: set($key[, $value = ''[, $escape = NULL]])
-
- :param mixed $key: Field name, or an array of field/value pairs
- :param string $value: Field value, if $key is a single field
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds field/value pairs to be passed later to ``insert()``,
- ``update()`` or ``replace()``.
-
- .. php:method:: insert([$table = ''[, $set = NULL[, $escape = NULL]]])
-
- :param string $table: Table name
- :param array $set: An associative array of field/value pairs
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Compiles and executes an INSERT statement.
-
- .. php:method:: insert_batch($table[, $set = NULL[, $escape = NULL[, $batch_size = 100]]])
-
- :param string $table: Table name
- :param array $set: Data to insert
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :param int $batch_size: Count of rows to insert at once
- :returns: Number of rows inserted or FALSE on failure
- :rtype: mixed
-
- Compiles and executes batch ``INSERT`` statements.
-
- .. note:: When more than ``$batch_size`` rows are provided, multiple
- ``INSERT`` queries will be executed, each trying to insert
- up to ``$batch_size`` rows.
-
- .. php:method:: set_insert_batch($key[, $value = ''[, $escape = NULL]])
-
- :param mixed $key: Field name or an array of field/value pairs
- :param string $value: Field value, if $key is a single field
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds field/value pairs to be inserted in a table later via ``insert_batch()``.
-
- .. php:method:: update([$table = ''[, $set = NULL[, $where = NULL[, $limit = NULL]]]])
-
- :param string $table: Table name
- :param array $set: An associative array of field/value pairs
- :param string $where: The WHERE clause
- :param int $limit: The LIMIT clause
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Compiles and executes an UPDATE statement.
-
- .. php:method:: update_batch($table[, $set = NULL[, $value = NULL[, $batch_size = 100]]])
-
- :param string $table: Table name
- :param array $set: Field name, or an associative array of field/value pairs
- :param string $value: Field value, if $set is a single field
- :param int $batch_size: Count of conditions to group in a single query
- :returns: Number of rows updated or FALSE on failure
- :rtype: mixed
-
- Compiles and executes batch ``UPDATE`` statements.
-
- .. note:: When more than ``$batch_size`` field/value pairs are provided,
- multiple queries will be executed, each handling up to
- ``$batch_size`` field/value pairs.
-
- .. php:method:: set_update_batch($key[, $value = ''[, $escape = NULL]])
-
- :param mixed $key: Field name or an array of field/value pairs
- :param string $value: Field value, if $key is a single field
- :param bool $escape: Whether to escape values and identifiers
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining)
- :rtype: CI_DB_query_builder
-
- Adds field/value pairs to be updated in a table later via ``update_batch()``.
-
- .. php:method:: replace([$table = ''[, $set = NULL]])
-
- :param string $table: Table name
- :param array $set: An associative array of field/value pairs
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Compiles and executes a REPLACE statement.
-
- .. php:method:: delete([$table = ''[, $where = ''[, $limit = NULL[, $reset_data = TRUE]]]])
-
- :param mixed $table: The table(s) to delete from; string or array
- :param string $where: The WHERE clause
- :param int $limit: The LIMIT clause
- :param bool $reset_data: TRUE to reset the query "write" clause
- :returns: CI_DB_query_builder instance (method chaining) or FALSE on failure
- :rtype: mixed
-
- Compiles and executes a DELETE query.
-
- .. php:method:: truncate([$table = ''])
-
- :param string $table: Table name
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Executes a TRUNCATE statement on a table.
-
- .. note:: If the database platform in use doesn't support TRUNCATE,
- a DELETE statement will be used instead.
-
- .. php:method:: empty_table([$table = ''])
-
- :param string $table: Table name
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Deletes all records from a table via a DELETE statement.
-
- .. php:method:: get_compiled_select([$table = ''[, $reset = TRUE]])
-
- :param string $table: Table name
- :param bool $reset: Whether to reset the current QB values or not
- :returns: The compiled SQL statement as a string
- :rtype: string
-
- Compiles a SELECT statement and returns it as a string.
-
- .. php:method:: get_compiled_insert([$table = ''[, $reset = TRUE]])
-
- :param string $table: Table name
- :param bool $reset: Whether to reset the current QB values or not
- :returns: The compiled SQL statement as a string
- :rtype: string
-
- Compiles an INSERT statement and returns it as a string.
-
- .. php:method:: get_compiled_update([$table = ''[, $reset = TRUE]])
-
- :param string $table: Table name
- :param bool $reset: Whether to reset the current QB values or not
- :returns: The compiled SQL statement as a string
- :rtype: string
-
- Compiles an UPDATE statement and returns it as a string.
-
- .. php:method:: get_compiled_delete([$table = ''[, $reset = TRUE]])
-
- :param string $table: Table name
- :param bool $reset: Whether to reset the current QB values or not
- :returns: The compiled SQL statement as a string
- :rtype: string
-
- Compiles a DELETE statement and returns it as a string.
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/results.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/results.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 6fea7c6be..000000000
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/results.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,507 +0,0 @@
-########################
-Generating Query Results
-########################
-
-There are several ways to generate query results:
-
-.. contents::
- :local:
- :depth: 2
-
-*************
-Result Arrays
-*************
-
-**result()**
-
-This method returns the query result as an array of **objects**, or
-**an empty array** on failure. Typically you'll use this in a foreach
-loop, like this::
-
- $query = $this->db->query("YOUR QUERY");
-
- foreach ($query->result() as $row)
- {
- echo $row->title;
- echo $row->name;
- echo $row->body;
- }
-
-The above method is an alias of ``result_object()``.
-
-You can also pass a string to ``result()`` which represents a class to
-instantiate for each result object (note: this class must be loaded)
-
-::
-
- $query = $this->db->query("SELECT * FROM users;");
-
- foreach ($query->result('User') as $user)
- {
- echo $user->name; // access attributes
- echo $user->reverse_name(); // or methods defined on the 'User' class
- }
-
-**result_array()**
-
-This method returns the query result as a pure array, or an empty
-array when no result is produced. Typically you'll use this in a foreach
-loop, like this::
-
- $query = $this->db->query("YOUR QUERY");
-
- foreach ($query->result_array() as $row)
- {
- echo $row['title'];
- echo $row['name'];
- echo $row['body'];
- }
-
-***********
-Result Rows
-***********
-
-**row()**
-
-This method returns a single result row. If your query has more than
-one row, it returns only the first row. The result is returned as an
-**object**. Here's a usage example::
-
- $query = $this->db->query("YOUR QUERY");
-
- $row = $query->row();
-
- if (isset($row))
- {
- echo $row->title;
- echo $row->name;
- echo $row->body;
- }
-
-If you want a specific row returned you can submit the row number as a
-digit in the first parameter::
-
- $row = $query->row(5);
-
-You can also add a second String parameter, which is the name of a class
-to instantiate the row with::
-
- $query = $this->db->query("SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 1;");
- $row = $query->row(0, 'User');
-
- echo $row->name; // access attributes
- echo $row->reverse_name(); // or methods defined on the 'User' class
-
-**row_array()**
-
-Identical to the above ``row()`` method, except it returns an array.
-Example::
-
- $query = $this->db->query("YOUR QUERY");
-
- $row = $query->row_array();
-
- if (isset($row))
- {
- echo $row['title'];
- echo $row['name'];
- echo $row['body'];
- }
-
-If you want a specific row returned you can submit the row number as a
-digit in the first parameter::
-
- $row = $query->row_array(5);
-
-In addition, you can walk forward/backwards/first/last through your
-results using these variations:
-
- | **$row = $query->first_row()**
- | **$row = $query->last_row()**
- | **$row = $query->next_row()**
- | **$row = $query->previous_row()**
-
-By default they return an object unless you put the word "array" in the
-parameter:
-
- | **$row = $query->first_row('array')**
- | **$row = $query->last_row('array')**
- | **$row = $query->next_row('array')**
- | **$row = $query->previous_row('array')**
-
-.. note:: All the methods above will load the whole result into memory
- (prefetching). Use ``unbuffered_row()`` for processing large
- result sets.
-
-**unbuffered_row()**
-
-This method returns a single result row without prefetching the whole
-result in memory as ``row()`` does. If your query has more than one row,
-it returns the current row and moves the internal data pointer ahead.
-
-::
-
- $query = $this->db->query("YOUR QUERY");
-
- while ($row = $query->unbuffered_row())
- {
- echo $row->title;
- echo $row->name;
- echo $row->body;
- }
-
-You can optionally pass 'object' (default) or 'array' in order to specify
-the returned value's type::
-
- $query->unbuffered_row(); // object
- $query->unbuffered_row('object'); // object
- $query->unbuffered_row('array'); // associative array
-
-*********************
-Custom Result Objects
-*********************
-
-You can have the results returned as an instance of a custom class instead
-of a ``stdClass`` or array, as the ``result()`` and ``result_array()``
-methods allow. This requires that the class is already loaded into memory.
-The object will have all values returned from the database set as properties.
-If these have been declared and are non-public then you should provide a
-``__set()`` method to allow them to be set.
-
-Example::
-
- class User {
-
- public $id;
- public $email;
- public $username;
-
- protected $last_login;
-
- public function last_login($format)
- {
- return $this->last_login->format($format);
- }
-
- public function __set($name, $value)
- {
- if ($name === 'last_login')
- {
- $this->last_login = DateTime::createFromFormat('U', $value);
- }
- }
-
- public function __get($name)
- {
- if (isset($this->$name))
- {
- return $this->$name;
- }
- }
- }
-
-In addition to the two methods listed below, the following methods also can
-take a class name to return the results as: ``first_row()``, ``last_row()``,
-``next_row()``, and ``previous_row()``.
-
-**custom_result_object()**
-
-Returns the entire result set as an array of instances of the class requested.
-The only parameter is the name of the class to instantiate.
-
-Example::
-
- $query = $this->db->query("YOUR QUERY");
-
- $rows = $query->custom_result_object('User');
-
- foreach ($rows as $row)
- {
- echo $row->id;
- echo $row->email;
- echo $row->last_login('Y-m-d');
- }
-
-**custom_row_object()**
-
-Returns a single row from your query results. The first parameter is the row
-number of the results. The second parameter is the class name to instantiate.
-
-Example::
-
- $query = $this->db->query("YOUR QUERY");
-
- $row = $query->custom_row_object(0, 'User');
-
- if (isset($row))
- {
- echo $row->email; // access attributes
- echo $row->last_login('Y-m-d'); // access class methods
- }
-
-You can also use the ``row()`` method in exactly the same way.
-
-Example::
-
- $row = $query->custom_row_object(0, 'User');
-
-*********************
-Result Helper Methods
-*********************
-
-**num_rows()**
-
-The number of rows returned by the query. Note: In this example, $query
-is the variable that the query result object is assigned to::
-
- $query = $this->db->query('SELECT * FROM my_table');
-
- echo $query->num_rows();
-
-.. note:: Not all database drivers have a native way of getting the total
- number of rows for a result set. When this is the case, all of
- the data is prefetched and ``count()`` is manually called on the
- resulting array in order to achieve the same result.
-
-**num_fields()**
-
-The number of FIELDS (columns) returned by the query. Make sure to call
-the method using your query result object::
-
- $query = $this->db->query('SELECT * FROM my_table');
-
- echo $query->num_fields();
-
-**free_result()**
-
-It frees the memory associated with the result and deletes the result
-resource ID. Normally PHP frees its memory automatically at the end of
-script execution. However, if you are running a lot of queries in a
-particular script you might want to free the result after each query
-result has been generated in order to cut down on memory consumption.
-
-Example::
-
- $query = $this->db->query('SELECT title FROM my_table');
-
- foreach ($query->result() as $row)
- {
- echo $row->title;
- }
-
- $query->free_result(); // The $query result object will no longer be available
-
- $query2 = $this->db->query('SELECT name FROM some_table');
-
- $row = $query2->row();
- echo $row->name;
- $query2->free_result(); // The $query2 result object will no longer be available
-
-**data_seek()**
-
-This method sets the internal pointer for the next result row to be
-fetched. It is only useful in combination with ``unbuffered_row()``.
-
-It accepts a positive integer value, which defaults to 0 and returns
-TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
-
-::
-
- $query = $this->db->query('SELECT `field_name` FROM `table_name`');
- $query->data_seek(5); // Skip the first 5 rows
- $row = $query->unbuffered_row();
-
-.. note:: Not all database drivers support this feature and will return FALSE.
- Most notably - you won't be able to use it with PDO.
-
-***************
-Class Reference
-***************
-
-.. php:class:: CI_DB_result
-
- .. php:method:: result([$type = 'object'])
-
- :param string $type: Type of requested results - array, object, or class name
- :returns: Array containing the fetched rows
- :rtype: array
-
- A wrapper for the ``result_array()``, ``result_object()``
- and ``custom_result_object()`` methods.
-
- Usage: see `Result Arrays`_.
-
- .. php:method:: result_array()
-
- :returns: Array containing the fetched rows
- :rtype: array
-
- Returns the query results as an array of rows, where each
- row is itself an associative array.
-
- Usage: see `Result Arrays`_.
-
- .. php:method:: result_object()
-
- :returns: Array containing the fetched rows
- :rtype: array
-
- Returns the query results as an array of rows, where each
- row is an object of type ``stdClass``.
-
- Usage: see `Result Arrays`_.
-
- .. php:method:: custom_result_object($class_name)
-
- :param string $class_name: Class name for the resulting rows
- :returns: Array containing the fetched rows
- :rtype: array
-
- Returns the query results as an array of rows, where each
- row is an instance of the specified class.
-
- .. php:method:: row([$n = 0[, $type = 'object']])
-
- :param int $n: Index of the query results row to be returned
- :param string $type: Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name
- :returns: The requested row or NULL if it doesn't exist
- :rtype: mixed
-
- A wrapper for the ``row_array()``, ``row_object() and
- ``custom_row_object()`` methods.
-
- Usage: see `Result Rows`_.
-
- .. php:method:: unbuffered_row([$type = 'object'])
-
- :param string $type: Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name
- :returns: Next row from the result set or NULL if it doesn't exist
- :rtype: mixed
-
- Fetches the next result row and returns it in the
- requested form.
-
- Usage: see `Result Rows`_.
-
- .. php:method:: row_array([$n = 0])
-
- :param int $n: Index of the query results row to be returned
- :returns: The requested row or NULL if it doesn't exist
- :rtype: array
-
- Returns the requested result row as an associative array.
-
- Usage: see `Result Rows`_.
-
- .. php:method:: row_object([$n = 0])
-
- :param int $n: Index of the query results row to be returned
- :returns: The requested row or NULL if it doesn't exist
- :rtype: stdClass
-
- Returns the requested result row as an object of type
- ``stdClass``.
-
- Usage: see `Result Rows`_.
-
- .. php:method:: custom_row_object($n, $type)
-
- :param int $n: Index of the results row to return
- :param string $class_name: Class name for the resulting row
- :returns: The requested row or NULL if it doesn't exist
- :rtype: $type
-
- Returns the requested result row as an instance of the
- requested class.
-
- .. php:method:: data_seek([$n = 0])
-
- :param int $n: Index of the results row to be returned next
- :returns: TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
- :rtype: bool
-
- Moves the internal results row pointer to the desired offset.
-
- Usage: see `Result Helper Methods`_.
-
- .. php:method:: set_row($key[, $value = NULL])
-
- :param mixed $key: Column name or array of key/value pairs
- :param mixed $value: Value to assign to the column, $key is a single field name
- :rtype: void
-
- Assigns a value to a particular column.
-
- .. php:method:: next_row([$type = 'object'])
-
- :param string $type: Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name
- :returns: Next row of result set, or NULL if it doesn't exist
- :rtype: mixed
-
- Returns the next row from the result set.
-
- .. php:method:: previous_row([$type = 'object'])
-
- :param string $type: Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name
- :returns: Previous row of result set, or NULL if it doesn't exist
- :rtype: mixed
-
- Returns the previous row from the result set.
-
- .. php:method:: first_row([$type = 'object'])
-
- :param string $type: Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name
- :returns: First row of result set, or NULL if it doesn't exist
- :rtype: mixed
-
- Returns the first row from the result set.
-
- .. php:method:: last_row([$type = 'object'])
-
- :param string $type: Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name
- :returns: Last row of result set, or NULL if it doesn't exist
- :rtype: mixed
-
- Returns the last row from the result set.
-
- .. php:method:: num_rows()
-
- :returns: Number of rows in the result set
- :rtype: int
-
- Returns the number of rows in the result set.
-
- Usage: see `Result Helper Methods`_.
-
- .. php:method:: num_fields()
-
- :returns: Number of fields in the result set
- :rtype: int
-
- Returns the number of fields in the result set.
-
- Usage: see `Result Helper Methods`_.
-
- .. php:method:: field_data()
-
- :returns: Array containing field meta-data
- :rtype: array
-
- Generates an array of ``stdClass`` objects containing
- field meta-data.
-
- .. php:method:: free_result()
-
- :rtype: void
-
- Frees a result set.
-
- Usage: see `Result Helper Methods`_.
-
- .. php:method:: list_fields()
-
- :returns: Array of column names
- :rtype: array
-
- Returns an array containing the field names in the
- result set.
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/transactions.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/transactions.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index cfd6a566d..000000000
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/transactions.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-############
-Transactions
-############
-
-CodeIgniter's database abstraction allows you to use transactions with
-databases that support transaction-safe table types. In MySQL, you'll
-need to be running InnoDB or BDB table types rather than the more common
-MyISAM. Most other database platforms support transactions natively.
-
-If you are not familiar with transactions we recommend you find a good
-online resource to learn about them for your particular database. The
-information below assumes you have a basic understanding of
-transactions.
-
-CodeIgniter's Approach to Transactions
-======================================
-
-CodeIgniter utilizes an approach to transactions that is very similar to
-the process used by the popular database class ADODB. We've chosen that
-approach because it greatly simplifies the process of running
-transactions. In most cases all that is required are two lines of code.
-
-Traditionally, transactions have required a fair amount of work to
-implement since they demand that you keep track of your queries and
-determine whether to commit or rollback based on the success or failure
-of your queries. This is particularly cumbersome with nested queries. In
-contrast, we've implemented a smart transaction system that does all
-this for you automatically (you can also manage your transactions
-manually if you choose to, but there's really no benefit).
-
-Running Transactions
-====================
-
-To run your queries using transactions you will use the
-$this->db->trans_start() and $this->db->trans_complete() functions as
-follows::
-
- $this->db->trans_start();
- $this->db->query('AN SQL QUERY...');
- $this->db->query('ANOTHER QUERY...');
- $this->db->query('AND YET ANOTHER QUERY...');
- $this->db->trans_complete();
-
-You can run as many queries as you want between the start/complete
-functions and they will all be committed or rolled back based on success
-or failure of any given query.
-
-Strict Mode
-===========
-
-By default CodeIgniter runs all transactions in Strict Mode. When strict
-mode is enabled, if you are running multiple groups of transactions, if
-one group fails all groups will be rolled back. If strict mode is
-disabled, each group is treated independently, meaning a failure of one
-group will not affect any others.
-
-Strict Mode can be disabled as follows::
-
- $this->db->trans_strict(FALSE);
-
-Managing Errors
-===============
-
-If you have error reporting enabled in your config/database.php file
-you'll see a standard error message if the commit was unsuccessful. If
-debugging is turned off, you can manage your own errors like this::
-
- $this->db->trans_start();
- $this->db->query('AN SQL QUERY...');
- $this->db->query('ANOTHER QUERY...');
- $this->db->trans_complete();
-
- if ($this->db->trans_status() === FALSE)
- {
- // generate an error... or use the log_message() function to log your error
- }
-
-Disabling Transactions
-======================
-
-If you would like to disable transactions you can do so using
-``$this->db->trans_off()``::
-
- $this->db->trans_off();
-
- $this->db->trans_start();
- $this->db->query('AN SQL QUERY...');
- $this->db->trans_complete();
-
-When transactions are disabled, your queries will be auto-committed, just as
-they are when running queries without transactions, practically ignoring
-any calls to ``trans_start()``, ``trans_complete()``, etc.
-
-Test Mode
-=========
-
-You can optionally put the transaction system into "test mode", which
-will cause your queries to be rolled back -- even if the queries produce
-a valid result. To use test mode simply set the first parameter in the
-$this->db->trans_start() function to TRUE::
-
- $this->db->trans_start(TRUE); // Query will be rolled back
- $this->db->query('AN SQL QUERY...');
- $this->db->trans_complete();
-
-Running Transactions Manually
-=============================
-
-If you would like to run transactions manually you can do so as follows::
-
- $this->db->trans_begin();
-
- $this->db->query('AN SQL QUERY...');
- $this->db->query('ANOTHER QUERY...');
- $this->db->query('AND YET ANOTHER QUERY...');
-
- if ($this->db->trans_status() === FALSE)
- {
- $this->db->trans_rollback();
- }
- else
- {
- $this->db->trans_commit();
- }
-
-.. note:: Make sure to use $this->db->trans_begin() when running manual
- transactions, **NOT** $this->db->trans_start().
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/utilities.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/utilities.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 114291f85..000000000
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/utilities.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,316 +0,0 @@
-######################
-Database Utility Class
-######################
-
-The Database Utility Class contains methods that help you manage your
-database.
-
-.. contents::
- :local:
- :depth: 2
-
-******************************
-Initializing the Utility Class
-******************************
-
-.. important:: In order to initialize the Utility class, your database
- driver must already be running, since the utilities class relies on it.
-
-Load the Utility Class as follows::
-
- $this->load->dbutil();
-
-You can also pass another database object to the DB Utility loader, in case
-the database you want to manage isn't the default one::
-
- $this->myutil = $this->load->dbutil($this->other_db, TRUE);
-
-In the above example, we're passing a custom database object as the first
-parameter and then tell it to return the dbutil object, instead of
-assigning it directly to ``$this->dbutil``.
-
-.. note:: Both of the parameters can be used individually, just pass an empty
- value as the first one if you wish to skip it.
-
-Once initialized you will access the methods using the ``$this->dbutil``
-object::
-
- $this->dbutil->some_method();
-
-****************************
-Using the Database Utilities
-****************************
-
-Retrieve list of database names
-================================
-
-Returns an array of database names::
-
- $dbs = $this->dbutil->list_databases();
-
- foreach ($dbs as $db)
- {
- echo $db;
- }
-
-
-Determine If a Database Exists
-==============================
-
-Sometimes it's helpful to know whether a particular database exists.
-Returns a boolean TRUE/FALSE. Usage example::
-
- if ($this->dbutil->database_exists('database_name'))
- {
- // some code...
- }
-
-.. note:: Replace *database_name* with the name of the database you are
- looking for. This method is case sensitive.
-
-Optimize a Table
-================
-
-Permits you to optimize a table using the table name specified in the
-first parameter. Returns TRUE/FALSE based on success or failure::
-
- if ($this->dbutil->optimize_table('table_name'))
- {
- echo 'Success!';
- }
-
-.. note:: Not all database platforms support table optimization. It is
- mostly for use with MySQL.
-
-Repair a Table
-==============
-
-Permits you to repair a table using the table name specified in the
-first parameter. Returns TRUE/FALSE based on success or failure::
-
- if ($this->dbutil->repair_table('table_name'))
- {
- echo 'Success!';
- }
-
-.. note:: Not all database platforms support table repairs.
-
-Optimize a Database
-===================
-
-Permits you to optimize the database your DB class is currently
-connected to. Returns an array containing the DB status messages or
-FALSE on failure.
-
-::
-
- $result = $this->dbutil->optimize_database();
-
- if ($result !== FALSE)
- {
- print_r($result);
- }
-
-.. note:: Not all database platforms support database optimization. It
- it is mostly for use with MySQL.
-
-Export a Query Result as a CSV File
-===================================
-
-Permits you to generate a CSV file from a query result. The first
-parameter of the method must contain the result object from your
-query. Example::
-
- $this->load->dbutil();
-
- $query = $this->db->query("SELECT * FROM mytable");
-
- echo $this->dbutil->csv_from_result($query);
-
-The second, third, and fourth parameters allow you to set the delimiter
-newline, and enclosure characters respectively. By default commas are
-used as the delimiter, "\n" is used as a new line, and a double-quote
-is used as the enclosure. Example::
-
- $delimiter = ",";
- $newline = "\r\n";
- $enclosure = '"';
-
- echo $this->dbutil->csv_from_result($query, $delimiter, $newline, $enclosure);
-
-.. important:: This method will NOT write the CSV file for you. It
- simply creates the CSV layout. If you need to write the file
- use the :doc:`File Helper <../helpers/file_helper>`.
-
-Export a Query Result as an XML Document
-========================================
-
-Permits you to generate an XML file from a query result. The first
-parameter expects a query result object, the second may contain an
-optional array of config parameters. Example::
-
- $this->load->dbutil();
-
- $query = $this->db->query("SELECT * FROM mytable");
-
- $config = array (
- 'root' => 'root',
- 'element' => 'element',
- 'newline' => "\n",
- 'tab' => "\t"
- );
-
- echo $this->dbutil->xml_from_result($query, $config);
-
-.. important:: This method will NOT write the XML file for you. It
- simply creates the XML layout. If you need to write the file
- use the :doc:`File Helper <../helpers/file_helper>`.
-
-********************
-Backup Your Database
-********************
-
-Database Backup Notes
-=====================
-
-Permits you to backup your full database or individual tables. The
-backup data can be compressed in either Zip or Gzip format.
-
-.. note:: This feature is only available for MySQL and Interbase/Firebird databases.
-
-.. note:: For Interbase/Firebird databases, the backup file name is the only parameter.
-
- $this->dbutil->backup('db_backup_filename');
-
-.. note:: Due to the limited execution time and memory available to PHP,
- backing up very large databases may not be possible. If your database is
- very large you might need to backup directly from your SQL server via
- the command line, or have your server admin do it for you if you do not
- have root privileges.
-
-Usage Example
-=============
-
-::
-
- // Load the DB utility class
- $this->load->dbutil();
-
- // Backup your entire database and assign it to a variable
- $backup = $this->dbutil->backup();
-
- // Load the file helper and write the file to your server
- $this->load->helper('file');
- write_file('/path/to/mybackup.gz', $backup);
-
- // Load the download helper and send the file to your desktop
- $this->load->helper('download');
- force_download('mybackup.gz', $backup);
-
-Setting Backup Preferences
-==========================
-
-Backup preferences are set by submitting an array of values to the first
-parameter of the ``backup()`` method. Example::
-
- $prefs = array(
- 'tables' => array('table1', 'table2'), // Array of tables to backup.
- 'ignore' => array(), // List of tables to omit from the backup
- 'format' => 'txt', // gzip, zip, txt
- 'filename' => 'mybackup.sql', // File name - NEEDED ONLY WITH ZIP FILES
- 'add_drop' => TRUE, // Whether to add DROP TABLE statements to backup file
- 'add_insert' => TRUE, // Whether to add INSERT data to backup file
- 'newline' => "\n" // Newline character used in backup file
- );
-
- $this->dbutil->backup($prefs);
-
-Description of Backup Preferences
-=================================
-
-======================= ======================= ======================= ========================================================================
-Preference Default Value Options Description
-======================= ======================= ======================= ========================================================================
-**tables** empty array None An array of tables you want backed up. If left blank all tables will be
- exported.
-**ignore** empty array None An array of tables you want the backup routine to ignore.
-**format** gzip gzip, zip, txt The file format of the export file.
-**filename** the current date/time None The name of the backed-up file. The name is needed only if you are using
- zip compression.
-**add_drop** TRUE TRUE/FALSE Whether to include DROP TABLE statements in your SQL export file.
-**add_insert** TRUE TRUE/FALSE Whether to include INSERT statements in your SQL export file.
-**newline** "\\n" "\\n", "\\r", "\\r\\n" Type of newline to use in your SQL export file.
-**foreign_key_checks** TRUE TRUE/FALSE Whether output should keep foreign key checks enabled.
-======================= ======================= ======================= ========================================================================
-
-***************
-Class Reference
-***************
-
-.. php:class:: CI_DB_utility
-
- .. php:method:: backup([$params = array()])
-
- :param array $params: An associative array of options
- :returns: raw/(g)zipped SQL query string
- :rtype: string
-
- Perform a database backup, per user preferences.
-
- .. php:method:: database_exists($database_name)
-
- :param string $database_name: Database name
- :returns: TRUE if the database exists, FALSE otherwise
- :rtype: bool
-
- Check for the existence of a database.
-
- .. php:method:: list_databases()
-
- :returns: Array of database names found
- :rtype: array
-
- Retrieve a list of all the database names.
-
- .. php:method:: optimize_database()
-
- :returns: Array of optimization messages or FALSE on failure
- :rtype: array
-
- Optimizes the database.
-
- .. php:method:: optimize_table($table_name)
-
- :param string $table_name: Name of the table to optimize
- :returns: Array of optimization messages or FALSE on failure
- :rtype: array
-
- Optimizes a database table.
-
- .. php:method:: repair_table($table_name)
-
- :param string $table_name: Name of the table to repair
- :returns: Array of repair messages or FALSE on failure
- :rtype: array
-
- Repairs a database table.
-
- .. php:method:: csv_from_result($query[, $delim = ','[, $newline = "\n"[, $enclosure = '"']]])
-
- :param object $query: A database result object
- :param string $delim: The CSV field delimiter to use
- :param string $newline: The newline character to use
- :param string $enclosure: The enclosure delimiter to use
- :returns: The generated CSV file as a string
- :rtype: string
-
- Translates a database result object into a CSV document.
-
- .. php:method:: xml_from_result($query[, $params = array()])
-
- :param object $query: A database result object
- :param array $params: An associative array of preferences
- :returns: The generated XML document as a string
- :rtype: string
-
- Translates a database result object into an XML document.