Merge branch 'develop' of https://github.com/EllisLab/CodeIgniter into develop

16 files changed, 592 insertions, 125 deletions

diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/DCO.rst b/user_guide_src/source/DCO.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c8f9b49c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/DCO.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#####################################
+Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1
+#####################################
+
+By making a contribution to this project, I certify that:
+
+(1)	The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I
+	have the right to submit it under the open source license
+	indicated in the file; or
+
+(2)	The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best
+	of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source
+	license and I have the right under that license to submit that
+	work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part
+	by me, under the same open source license (unless I am
+	permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated
+	in the file; or
+
+(3)	The contribution was provided directly to me by some other
+	person who certified (1), (2) or (3) and I have not modified
+	it.
+
+(4)	I understand and agree that this project and the contribution
+	are public and that a record of the contribution (including all
+	personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is
+	maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with
+	this project or the open source license(s) involved.
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/changelog.rst b/user_guide_src/source/changelog.rst
index efe49cfe0..0e9ec5e50 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/changelog.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/changelog.rst
@@ -48,11 +48,16 @@ Release Date: Not Released
    -  Global config files are loaded first, then environment ones. Environment config keys overwrite base ones, allowing to only set the keys we want changed per environment.
    -  Changed detection of ``$view_folder`` so that if it's not found in the current path, it will now also be searched for under the application folder.
    -  Path constants BASEPATH, APPPATH and VIEWPATH are now (internally) defined as absolute paths.
-   -  Updated email validation methods to use filter_var() instead of PCRE.
+   -  Updated email validation methods to use ``filter_var()`` instead of PCRE.
+   -  Changed environment defaults to report all errors in 'development' and only fatal ones in 'testing' and 'production' but only display them in 'development'.
 
 -  Helpers
 
-   -  :doc:`Date Helper <helpers/date_helper>` function now() now works with all timezone strings supported by PHP.
+   -  :doc:`Date Helper <helpers/date_helper>` changes include:
+	 - ``now()`` now works with all timezone strings supported by PHP.
+	 - Added an optional third parameter to ``timespan()`` that constrains the number of time units displayed.
+	 - Added an optional parameter to ``timezone_menu()`` that allows more attributes to be added to the generated select tag.
+	 - Deprecated ``standard_date()``, which now just uses the native ``date()`` with `DateTime constants <http://bg2.php.net/manual/en/class.datetime.php#datetime.constants.types>`_.
    -  ``create_captcha()`` accepts additional colors parameter, allowing for color customization.
    -  :doc:`URL Helper <helpers/url_helper>` changes include:
 	 - ``url_title()`` will now trim extra dashes from beginning and end.
@@ -63,7 +68,6 @@ Release Date: Not Released
    -  Changed ``humanize()`` to include a second param for the separator.
    -  Refactored ``plural()`` and ``singular()`` to avoid double pluralization and support more words.
    -  Added an optional third parameter to ``force_download()`` that enables/disables sending the actual file MIME type in the Content-Type header (disabled by default).
-   -  Added an optional third parameter to ``timespan()`` that constrains the number of time units displayed.
    -  Added a work-around in ``force_download()`` for a bug Android <= 2.1, where the filename extension needs to be in uppercase.
    -  ``form_dropdown()`` will now also take an array for unity with other form helpers.
    -  ``do_hash()`` now uses PHP's native ``hash()`` function (supporting more algorithms) and is deprecated.
@@ -72,7 +76,6 @@ Release Date: Not Released
 	 - ``set_realpath()`` can now also handle file paths as opposed to just directories.
 	 - Added an optional paramater to ``delete_files()`` to enable it to skip deleting files such as .htaccess and index.html.
 	 - ``read_file()`` is now a deprecated alias of ``file_get_contents()``.
-   -  Added an optional parameter to :doc:`Date Helper <helpers/date_helper>` function ``timezone_menu()`` that allows more attributes to be added to the generated select tag.
    -  :doc:`Security Helper <helpers/security_helper>` function ``strip_image_tags()`` is now an alias for the same method in the :doc:`Security Library <libraries/security>`.
 
 -  Database
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ Release Date: Not Released
 	 - Added support for backup() in :doc:`Database Utilities <database/utilities>`.
    -  Added 'dsn' configuration setting for drivers that support DSN strings (PDO, PostgreSQL, Oracle, ODBC, CUBRID).
    -  Improved PDO database support.
-   -  Added Interbase/Firebird database support via the "interbase" driver.
+   -  Added Interbase/Firebird database support via the 'ibase' driver.
    -  Added an optional database name parameter to db_select().
    -  Replaced the _error_message() and _error_number() methods with error(), that returns an array containing the last database error code and message.
    -  Improved version() implementation so that drivers that have a native function to get the version number don't have to be defined in the core DB_driver class.
@@ -126,7 +129,6 @@ Release Date: Not Released
 	 - Added support for drop_table() in :doc:`Database Forge <database/forge>`.
 	 - Added support for list_databases() in :doc:`Database Utilities <database/utilities>`.
 	 - Generally improved for speed and cleaned up all of its components.
-	 - *Row* result methods now really only fetch only the needed number of rows, instead of depending entirely on result().
 	 - num_rows() is now only called explicitly by the developer and no longer re-executes statements.
    -  Improved support of the SQLite driver, including:
 	 - Added support for replace() in :doc:`Query Builder <database/query_builder>`.
@@ -134,8 +136,12 @@ Release Date: Not Released
    -  Added ODBC support for create_database(), drop_database() and drop_table() in :doc:`Database Forge <database/forge>`.
    -  Added PDO support for create_database(), drop_database and drop_table() in :doc:`Database Forge <database/forge>`.
    -  Added unbuffered_row() method for getting a row without prefetching whole result (consume less memory).
+   -  Added PDO support for ``list_fields()`` in :doc:`Database Results <database/results>`.
+   -  Added capability for packages to hold database.php config files 
+   -  Added subdrivers support (currently only used by PDO).
 
 -  Libraries
+
    -  CI_Session now respects php.ini's session.gc_probability and session.gc_divisor
    -  Added max_filename_increment config setting for Upload library.
    -  CI_Loader::_ci_autoloader() is now a protected method.
@@ -163,6 +169,7 @@ Release Date: Not Released
 	 -  Removed method is_numeric() as it exists as a native PHP function and _execute() will find and use that (the 'is_numeric' rule itself is deprecated since 1.6.1).
 	 -  Native PHP functions used as rules can now accept an additional parameter, other than the data itself.
 	 -  Updated set_rules() to accept an array of rules as well as a string.
+	 -  Fields that have empty rules set no longer run through validation (and therefore are not considered erroneous).
    -  Changed the :doc:`Session Library <libraries/sessions>` to select only one row when using database sessions.
    -  Added all_flashdata() method to session class. Returns an associative array of only flashdata.
    -  Allowed for setting table class defaults in a config file.
@@ -176,7 +183,7 @@ Release Date: Not Released
 	 -  Added support for setting custom attributes.
 	 -  Deprecated usage of the "anchor_class" setting (use the new "attributes" setting instead).
 	 -  Added $config['reuse_query_string'] to allow automatic repopulation of query string arguments, combined with normal URI segments.
-   -  Added the ability to use a proxy with the :doc:`XML-RPC Library <libraries/xmlrpc.rst>`.
+   -  Added the ability to use a proxy with the :doc:`XML-RPC Library <libraries/xmlrpc>`.
 
 -  Core
 
@@ -196,6 +203,8 @@ Release Date: Not Released
    -  Added support for HTTP code 303 ("See Other") in set_status_header().
    -  Changed :doc:`Config Library <libraries/config>` method site_url() to accept an array as well.
    -  Added method ``strip_image_tags()`` to the :doc:`Security Library <libraries/security>`.
+   -  Changed ``_exception_handler()`` to respect php.ini 'display_errors' setting.
+
 
 Bug fixes for 3.0
 ------------------
@@ -303,6 +312,8 @@ Bug fixes for 3.0
 -  Fixed a bug (#427) - :doc:`Form Validation Library <libraries/form_validation>` method ``strip_image_tags()`` was an alias to a non-existent method.
 -  Fixed a bug (#1545) - :doc:`Query Builder <database/query_builder>` method ``limit()`` wasn't executed properly under Oracle.
 -  Fixed a bug (#1551) - :doc:`Date Helper <helpers/date_helper>` function ``standard_date()`` didn't properly format *W3C* and *ATOM* standard dates.
+-  Fixed a bug in :doc:`Query Builder <database/query_builder>` method join() where literal values were escaped as if they were fields.
+-  Fixed a bug (#135) - PHP Error logging was impossible without the errors being displayed.
 
 Version 2.1.2
 =============
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/contributing/index.rst b/user_guide_src/source/contributing/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ede0e6e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/contributing/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+###########################
+Contributing to CodeIgniter
+###########################
+
+CodeIgniter is a community driven project and accepts contributions of code
+and documentation from the community. These contributions are made in the form
+of Issues or `Pull Requests <http://help.github.com/send-pull-requests/>`_ on
+the `EllisLab CodeIgniter repository
+<https://github.com/EllisLab/CodeIgniter>`_ on GitHub.
+
+Issues are a quick way to point out a bug. If you find a bug or documentation
+error in CodeIgniter then please check a few things first:
+
+- There is not already an open Issue
+- The issue has already been fixed (check the develop branch, or look for
+  closed Issues)
+- Is it something really obvious that you fix it yourself?
+
+Reporting issues is helpful but an even better approach is to send a Pull
+Request, which is done by "Forking" the main repository and committing to your
+own copy. This will require you to use the version control system called Git.
+
+**********
+Guidelines
+**********
+
+Before we look into how, here are the guidelines. If your Pull Requests fail
+to pass these guidelines it will be declined and you will need to re-submit
+when you’ve made the changes. This might sound a bit tough, but it is required
+for us to maintain quality of the code-base.
+
+PHP Style
+=========
+
+All code must meet the `Style Guide
+<http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/styleguide.html>`_, which is
+essentially the `Allman indent style
+<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indent_style#Allman_style>`_, underscores and
+readable operators. This makes certain that all code is the same format as the
+existing code and means it will be as readable as possible.
+
+Documentation
+=============
+
+If you change anything that requires a change to documentation then you will
+need to add it. New classes, methods, parameters, changing default values, etc
+are all things that will require a change to documentation. The change-log
+must also be updated for every change. Also PHPDoc blocks must be maintained.
+
+Compatibility
+=============
+
+CodeIgniter is compatible with PHP 5.2.4 so all code supplied must stick to
+this requirement. If PHP 5.3 or 5.4 functions or features are used then there
+must be a fallback for PHP 5.2.4.
+
+Branching
+=========
+
+CodeIgniter uses the `Git-Flow
+<http://nvie.com/posts/a-successful-git-branching-model/>`_ branching model
+which requires all pull requests to be sent to the "develop" branch. This is
+where the next planned version will be developed. The "master" branch will
+always contain the latest stable version and is kept clean so a "hotfix" (e.g:
+an emergency security patch) can be applied to master to create a new version,
+without worrying about other features holding it up. For this reason all
+commits need to be made to "develop" and any sent to "master" will be closed
+automatically. If you have multiple changes to submit, please place all
+changes into their own branch on your fork.
+
+One thing at a time: A pull request should only contain one change. That does
+not mean only one commit, but one change - however many commits it took. The
+reason for this is that if you change X and Y but send a pull request for both
+at the same time, we might really want X but disagree with Y, meaning we
+cannot merge the request. Using the Git-Flow branching model you can create
+new branches for both of these features and send two requests.
+
+Signing
+=======
+You must sign your work, certifying that you either wrote the work or
+otherwise have the right to pass it on to an open source project. git makes
+this trivial as you merely have to use `--signoff` on your commits to your
+CodeIgniter fork.
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+	git commit --signoff
+
+or simply
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+	git commit -s
+
+This will sign your commits with the information setup in your git config, e.g.
+
+	Signed-off-by: John Q Public <john.public@example.com>
+
+If you are using Tower there is a "Sign-Off" checkbox in the commit window. You 
+could even alias git commit to use the -s flag so you don’t have to think about 
+it.
+
+By signing your work in this manner, you certify to a "Developer's Certificate 
+or Origin". The current version of this certificate is in the :doc:`/DCO` file
+in the root of this documentation.
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/configuration.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/configuration.rst
index 7a19c840f..c17de600a 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/configuration.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/database/configuration.rst
@@ -12,26 +12,44 @@ it the respective environment config folder.
 The config settings are stored in a multi-dimensional array with this
 prototype::
 
-	$db['default']['hostname'] = "localhost";
-	$db['default']['username'] = "root";
-	$db['default']['password'] = "";
-	$db['default']['database'] = "database_name";
-	$db['default']['dbdriver'] = "mysql";
-	$db['default']['dbprefix'] = "";
-	$db['default']['pconnect'] = TRUE;
-	$db['default']['db_debug'] = FALSE;
-	$db['default']['cache_on'] = FALSE;
-	$db['default']['cachedir'] =  "";
-	$db['default']['char_set'] = "utf8";
-	$db['default']['dbcollat'] = "utf8_general_ci";
-	$db['default']['swap_pre'] = "";
-	$db['default']['autoinit'] = TRUE;
-	$db['default']['stricton'] = FALSE;
-
-If you use PDO as your dbdriver, you can specify the full DSN string describe a connection to the database like this::
-
+	$db['default'] = array(
+		'dsn'	=> '',
+		'hostname' => 'localhost',
+		'username' => 'root',
+		'password' => '',
+		'database' => 'database_name',
+		'dbdriver' => 'mysqli',
+		'dbprefix' => '',
+		'pconnect' => TRUE,
+		'db_debug' => TRUE,
+		'cache_on' => FALSE,
+		'cachedir' => '',
+		'char_set' => 'utf8',
+		'dbcollat' => 'utf8_general_ci',
+		'swap_pre' => '',
+		'autoinit' => TRUE,
+		'stricton' => FALSE,
+		'failover' => array()
+	);
+
+Some database drivers (such as PDO, PostgreSQL, Oracle, ODBC) might
+require a full DSN string to be provided. If that is the case, you
+should use the 'dsn' configuration setting, as if you're using the
+driver's underlying native PHP extension, like this::
+
+	// PDO
 	$db['default']['dsn'] = 'pgsql:host=localhost;port=5432;dbname=database_name';
 
+	// Oracle
+	$db['default']['dsn'] = '//localhost/XE';
+
+.. note:: If you do not specify a DSN string for a driver that requires it, CodeIgniter
+	will try to build it with the rest of the provided settings.
+
+.. note:: If you provide a DSN string and it is missing some valid settings (e.g. the
+	database character set), which are present in the rest of the configuration
+	fields, CodeIgniter will append them.
+
 You can also specify failovers for the situation when the main connection cannot connect for some reason.
 These failovers can be specified by setting the failover for a connection like this::
 
@@ -41,7 +59,7 @@ These failovers can be specified by setting the failover for a connection like t
 				'username' => '',
 				'password' => '',
 				'database' => '',
-				'dbdriver' => 'mysql',
+				'dbdriver' => 'mysqli',
 				'dbprefix' => '',
 				'pconnect' => TRUE,
 				'db_debug' => TRUE,
@@ -58,7 +76,7 @@ These failovers can be specified by setting the failover for a connection like t
 				'username' => '',
 				'password' => '',
 				'database' => '',
-				'dbdriver' => 'mysql',
+				'dbdriver' => 'mysqli',
 				'dbprefix' => '',
 				'pconnect' => TRUE,
 				'db_debug' => TRUE,
@@ -81,30 +99,34 @@ production, test, etc.) under a single installation, you can set up a
 connection group for each, then switch between groups as needed. For
 example, to set up a "test" environment you would do this::
 
-	$db['test']['hostname'] = "localhost";
-	$db['test']['username'] = "root";
-	$db['test']['password'] = "";
-	$db['test']['database'] = "database_name";
-	$db['test']['dbdriver'] = "mysql";
-	$db['test']['dbprefix'] = "";
-	$db['test']['pconnect'] = TRUE;
-	$db['test']['db_debug'] = FALSE;
-	$db['test']['cache_on'] = FALSE;
-	$db['test']['cachedir'] =  "";
-	$db['test']['char_set'] = "utf8";
-	$db['test']['dbcollat'] = "utf8_general_ci";
-	$db['test']['swap_pre'] = "";
-	$db['test']['autoinit'] = TRUE;
-	$db['test']['stricton'] = FALSE;
+	$db['test'] = array(
+		'dsn'	=> '',
+		'hostname' => 'localhost',
+		'username' => 'root',
+		'password' => '',
+		'database' => 'database_name',
+		'dbdriver' => 'mysqli',
+		'dbprefix' => '',
+		'pconnect' => TRUE,
+		'db_debug' => TRUE,
+		'cache_on' => FALSE,
+		'cachedir' => '',
+		'char_set' => 'utf8',
+		'dbcollat' => 'utf8_general_ci',
+		'swap_pre' => '',
+		'autoinit' => TRUE,
+		'stricton' => FALSE,
+		'failover' => array()
+	);
 
 Then, to globally tell the system to use that group you would set this
 variable located in the config file::
 
-	$active_group = "test";
+	$active_group = 'test';
 
-Note: The name "test" is arbitrary. It can be anything you want. By
-default we've used the word "default" for the primary connection, but it
-too can be renamed to something more relevant to your project.
+.. note:: The name 'test' is arbitrary. It can be anything you want. By
+	default we've used the word "default" for the primary connection,
+	but it too can be renamed to something more relevant to your project.
 
 Query Builder
 -------------
@@ -119,8 +141,8 @@ when the database classes are initialized.
 
 	$query_builder = TRUE;
 
-.. note:: that some CodeIgniter classes such as Sessions require Active
-	Records be enabled to access certain functionality.
+.. note:: that some CodeIgniter classes such as Sessions require Query
+	Builder to be enabled to access certain functionality.
 
 Explanation of Values:
 ----------------------
@@ -128,11 +150,12 @@ Explanation of Values:
 ======================  ==================================================================================================
  Name Config             Description
 ======================  ==================================================================================================
-**hostname** 		The hostname of your database server. Often this is "localhost".
+**dsn**			The DSN connect string (an all-in-one configuration sequence).
+**hostname** 		The hostname of your database server. Often this is 'localhost'.
 **username**		The username used to connect to the database.
 **password**		The password used to connect to the database.
 **database**		The name of the database you want to connect to.
-**dbdriver**		The database type. ie: mysql, postgre, odbc, etc. Must be specified in lower case.
+**dbdriver**		The database type. ie: mysqli, postgre, odbc, etc. Must be specified in lower case.
 **dbprefix**		An optional table prefix which will added to the table name when running :doc:
 			`Query Builder <query_builder>` queries. This permits multiple CodeIgniter installations
 			to share one database.
@@ -144,14 +167,7 @@ Explanation of Values:
 **char_set**		The character set used in communicating with the database.
 **dbcollat**		The character collation used in communicating with the database
 
-			.. note:: For MySQL and MySQLi databases, this setting is only used
-				as a backup if your server is running PHP < 5.2.3 or MySQL < 5.0.7
-				(and in table creation queries made with DB Forge). There is an
-				incompatibility in PHP with mysql_real_escape_string() which can
-				make your site vulnerable to SQL injection if you are using a
-				multi-byte character set and are running versions lower than these.
-				Sites using Latin-1 or UTF-8 database character set and collation are
-				unaffected.
+			.. note:: Only used in the 'mysql' and 'mysqli' drivers.
 
 **swap_pre**		A default table prefix that should be swapped with dbprefix. This is useful for distributed
 			applications where you might run manually written queries, and need the prefix to still be
@@ -163,11 +179,11 @@ Explanation of Values:
 **port**		The database port number. To use this value you have to add a line to the database config array.
 			::
 			
-				$db['default']['port'] =  5432;
+				$db['default']['port'] = 5432;
 ======================  ==================================================================================================
 
 .. note:: Depending on what database platform you are using (MySQL, PostgreSQL,
 	etc.) not all values will be needed. For example, when using SQLite you
 	will not need to supply a username or password, and the database name
 	will be the path to your database file. The information above assumes
-	you are using MySQL.
+	you are using MySQL.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/connecting.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/connecting.rst
index 5822ca62c..9b8117076 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/database/connecting.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/database/connecting.rst
@@ -57,25 +57,28 @@ file.
 To connect manually to a desired database you can pass an array of
 values::
 
-	$config['hostname'] = "localhost"; 
-	$config['username'] = "myusername"; 
-	$config['password'] = "mypassword"; 
-	$config['database'] = "mydatabase"; 
-	$config['dbdriver'] = "mysql"; 
-	$config['dbprefix'] = ""; 
-	$config['pconnect'] = FALSE; 
-	$config['db_debug'] = TRUE; 
-	$config['cache_on'] = FALSE; 
-	$config['cachedir'] = ""; 
-	$config['char_set'] = "utf8"; 
-	$config['dbcollat'] = "utf8_general_ci";  
+	$config['hostname'] = 'localhost';
+	$config['username'] = 'myusername';
+	$config['password'] = 'mypassword';
+	$config['database'] = 'mydatabase';
+	$config['dbdriver'] = 'mysqli';
+	$config['dbprefix'] = '';
+	$config['pconnect'] = FALSE;
+	$config['db_debug'] = TRUE;
+	$config['cache_on'] = FALSE;
+	$config['cachedir'] = '';
+	$config['char_set'] = 'utf8';
+	$config['dbcollat'] = 'utf8_general_ci';
 	$this->load->database($config);
 
 For information on each of these values please see the :doc:`configuration
 page <configuration>`.
 
-.. note:: For the PDO driver, $config['hostname'] should look like
-	this: 'mysql:host=localhost'
+.. note:: For the PDO driver, you should use the $config['dsn'] setting
+	instead of 'hostname' and 'database':
+
+	|
+	| $config['dsn'] = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=mydatabase';
 
 Or you can submit your database values as a Data Source Name. DSNs must
 have this prototype::
@@ -149,5 +152,4 @@ connections, you can explicitly close the connection.
 
 ::
 
-	$this->db->close();
-
+	$this->db->close();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/general/models.rst b/user_guide_src/source/general/models.rst
index 2e1e025ee..4e52a9648 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/general/models.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/general/models.rst
@@ -72,10 +72,11 @@ The basic prototype for a model class is this::
 
 	class Model_name extends CI_Model {
 
-	    function __construct()
-	    {
-	        parent::__construct();
-	    }
+		public function __construct()
+		{
+			parent::__construct();
+		}
+
 	}
 
 Where **Model_name** is the name of your class. Class names **must** have
@@ -87,10 +88,11 @@ example, if your class is this::
 
 	class User_model extends CI_Model {
 
-	    function __construct()
-	    {
-	        parent::__construct();
-	    }
+		public function __construct()
+		{
+			parent::__construct();
+		}
+
 	}
 
 Your file will be this::
@@ -102,7 +104,7 @@ Loading a Model
 
 Your models will typically be loaded and called from within your
 :doc:`controller <controllers>` functions. To load a model you will use
-the following function::
+the following method::
 
 	$this->load->model('model_name');
 
@@ -112,33 +114,34 @@ application/models/blog/queries.php you'll load it using::
 
 	$this->load->model('blog/queries');
 
-Once loaded, you will access your model functions using an object with
-the same name as your class::
+Once loaded, you will access your model methods using an object with the
+same name as your class::
 
 	$this->load->model('model_name');
 
-	$this->model_name->function();
+	$this->model_name->method();
 
 If you would like your model assigned to a different object name you can
-specify it via the second parameter of the loading function::
+specify it via the second parameter of the loading method::
 
-	$this->load->model('model_name', 'fubar');
+	$this->load->model('model_name', 'foobar');
 
-	$this->fubar->function();
+	$this->foobar->method();
 
 Here is an example of a controller, that loads a model, then serves a
 view::
 
 	class Blog_controller extends CI_Controller {
 
-	    function blog()
-	    {
-	        $this->load->model('blog');
+		public function blog()
+		{
+			$this->load->model('blog');
 
-	        $data['query'] = $this->Blog->get_last_ten_entries();
+			$data['query'] = $this->Blog->get_last_ten_entries();
+
+			$this->load->view('blog', $data);
+		}
 
-	        $this->load->view('blog', $data);
-	    }
 	}
 	
 
@@ -170,15 +173,13 @@ database. The following options for connecting are available to you:
 -  You can manually pass database connectivity settings via the third
    parameter::
 
-	$config['hostname'] = "localhost";
-	$config['username'] = "myusername";
-	$config['password'] = "mypassword";
-	$config['database'] = "mydatabase";
-	$config['dbdriver'] = "mysql";
-	$config['dbprefix'] = "";
+	$config['hostname'] = 'localhost';
+	$config['username'] = 'myusername';
+	$config['password'] = 'mypassword';
+	$config['database'] = 'mydatabase';
+	$config['dbdriver'] = 'mysqli';
+	$config['dbprefix'] = '';
 	$config['pconnect'] = FALSE;
 	$config['db_debug'] = TRUE;
 
-	$this->load->model('Model_name', '', $config);
-
-
+	$this->load->model('Model_name', '', $config);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/helpers/date_helper.rst b/user_guide_src/source/helpers/date_helper.rst
index 5adfb18d2..e332a913f 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/helpers/date_helper.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/helpers/date_helper.rst
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ If a timezone is not provided, it will return time() based on "time_reference" s
 mdate()
 =======
 
-This function is identical to PHPs `date() <http://www.php.net/date>`_
+This function is identical to PHP's `date() <http://www.php.net/date>`_
 function, except that it lets you use MySQL style date codes, where each
 code letter is preceded with a percent sign: %Y %m %d etc.
 
@@ -85,21 +85,28 @@ Example
 The first parameter must contain the format, the second parameter must
 contain the date as a Unix timestamp.
 
+.. note:: This function is DEPRECATED. Use the native ``date()`` combined
+	with `DateTime's format constants <http://www.php.net/manual/en/class.datetime.php#datetime.constants.types>`_
+	instead:
+
+	|
+	| echo date(DATE_RFC822, time());
+
 Supported formats:
 
 ===============	=======================	======================================
 Constant		Description				Example
 ===============	=======================	======================================
-DATE_ATOM		Atom					2005-08-15T16:13:03+0000
-DATE_COOKIE		HTTP Cookies			Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 UTC
-DATE_ISO8601   	ISO-8601				2005-08-14T16:13:03+00:00
-DATE_RFC822		RFC 822					Sun, 14 Aug 05 16:13:03 UTC
-DATE_RFC850		RFC 850					Sunday, 14-Aug-05 16:13:03 UTC
-DATE_RFC1036	RFC 1036				Sunday, 14-Aug-05 16:13:03 UTC
-DATE_RFC1123	RFC 1123				Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 UTC
-DATE_RFC2822 	RFC 2822				Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 +0000
-DATE_RSS		RSS						Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 UTC
-DATE_W3C		W3C						2005-08-14T16:13:03+0000
+DATE_ATOM	Atom			2005-08-15T16:13:03+0000
+DATE_COOKIE	HTTP Cookies		Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 UTC
+DATE_ISO8601   	ISO-8601		2005-08-14T16:13:03+00:00
+DATE_RFC822	RFC 822			Sun, 14 Aug 05 16:13:03 UTC
+DATE_RFC850	RFC 850			Sunday, 14-Aug-05 16:13:03 UTC
+DATE_RFC1036	RFC 1036		Sunday, 14-Aug-05 16:13:03 UTC
+DATE_RFC1123	RFC 1123		Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 UTC
+DATE_RFC2822 	RFC 2822		Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 +0000
+DATE_RSS	RSS			Sun, 14 Aug 2005 16:13:03 UTC
+DATE_W3C	W3C			2005-08-14T16:13:03+0000
 ===============	=======================	======================================
 
 local_to_gmt()
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/helpers/form_helper.rst b/user_guide_src/source/helpers/form_helper.rst
index a110f3c14..fa7b3dbf9 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/helpers/form_helper.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/helpers/form_helper.rst
@@ -543,3 +543,7 @@ This function is identical to the **set_checkbox()** function above.
 	<input type="radio" name="myradio" value="1" <?php echo  set_radio('myradio', '1', TRUE); ?> />
 	<input type="radio" name="myradio" value="2" <?php echo  set_radio('myradio', '2'); ?> />
 
+.. note:: If you are using the Form Validation class, you must always specify a rule for your field,
+	even if empty, in order for the set_*() functions to work. This is because if a Form Validation object
+	is defined, the control for set_*() is handed over to a method of the class instead of the generic helper
+	function.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/index.rst b/user_guide_src/source/index.rst
index c89b41c74..e42425bab 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/index.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/index.rst
@@ -91,6 +91,17 @@ Helper Reference
 	
 	helpers/index
 
+***************************
+Contributing to CodeIgniter
+***************************
+
+.. toctree::
+	:glob:
+	:titlesonly:
+	
+	contributing/index
+	DCO
+
 .. toctree::
 	:glob:
 	:titlesonly:
@@ -99,6 +110,7 @@ Helper Reference
 	*
 	overview/index
 	general/requirements
+	general/welcome
 	installation/index
 	general/index
 	libraries/index
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_210.rst b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_210.rst
index 647537d1f..5874bfc86 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_210.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_210.rst
@@ -8,9 +8,7 @@ replacing the index.php file with a static one.
 Step 1: Update your CodeIgniter files
 =====================================
 
-Replace all files and directories in your "system" folder and replace
-your index.php file. If any modifications were made to your index.php
-they will need to be made fresh in this new one.
+Replace all files and directories in your "system" folder.
 
 .. note:: If you have any custom developed files in these folders please
 	make copies of them first.
@@ -19,4 +17,10 @@ Step 2: Replace config/user_agents.php
 ======================================
 
 This config file has been updated to contain more user agent types,
-please copy it to _application/config/user_agents.php*.
\ No newline at end of file
+please copy it to _application/config/user_agents.php*.
+
+Step 3: Update your user guide
+==============================
+
+Please also replace your local copy of the user guide with the new
+version.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_211.rst b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_211.rst
index 80248a758..59faca8e6 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_211.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_211.rst
@@ -30,4 +30,4 @@ session table will need to change
 
 ::
 
-	ALTER TABLE ci_sessions CHANGE ip_address ip_address varchar(45) default '0' NOT NULL
+	ALTER TABLE ci_sessions CHANGE ip_address ip_address varchar(45) default '0' NOT NULL
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_212.rst b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_212.rst
index cdbf977d7..205ad8622 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_212.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_212.rst
@@ -13,4 +13,10 @@ your index.php file. If any modifications were made to your index.php
 they will need to be made fresh in this new one.
 
 .. note:: If you have any custom developed files in these folders please
-	make copies of them first.
\ No newline at end of file
+	make copies of them first.
+
+Step 2: Update your user guide
+==============================
+
+Please also replace your local copy of the user guide with the new
+version.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_300.rst b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_300.rst
index 7b0d8abe9..f304a716f 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_300.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrade_300.rst
@@ -102,6 +102,32 @@ CodeIgniter 3.1+.
 .. note:: This function is still available, but you're strongly encouraged to remove it's usage sooner
 	rather than later.
 
+Date helper standard_date()
+===========================
+
+:doc:`Date Helper <../helpers/date_helper>` function ``standard_date()`` is being deprecated due
+to the availability of native PHP `constants <http://www.php.net/manual/en/class.datetime.php#datetime.constants.types>`_,
+which when combined with ``date()`` provide the same functionality. Furthermore, they have the
+exact same names as the ones supported by ``standard_date()``. Here are examples of how to replace
+it's usage:
+
+::
+
+	// Old way
+	standard_date(); // defaults to standard_date('DATE_RFC822', now());
+
+	// Replacement
+	date(DATE_RFC822, now());
+
+	// Old way
+	standard_date('DATE_ATOM', $time);
+
+	// Replacement
+	date(DATE_ATOM, $time);
+
+.. note:: This function is still available, but you're strongly encouraged to remove its' usage sooner
+	rather than later as it is scheduled for removal in CodeIgniter 3.1+.
+
 Pagination library 'anchor_class' setting
 =========================================
 
@@ -111,5 +137,5 @@ attribute to your anchors via the 'attributes' configuration setting. This inclu
 As a result of that, the 'anchor_class' setting is now deprecated and scheduled for removal in
 CodeIgniter 3.1+.
 
-.. note:: This setting is still available, but you're strongly encouraged to remove it's usage sooner
+.. note:: This setting is still available, but you're strongly encouraged to remove its' usage sooner
 	rather than later.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrading.rst b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrading.rst
index 3609e4213..545f344ee 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrading.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/installation/upgrading.rst
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ upgrading from.
 -  :doc:`Upgrading from 2.1.2 to 3.0.0 <upgrade_300>`
 -  :doc:`Upgrading from 2.1.1 to 2.1.2 <upgrade_212>`
 -  :doc:`Upgrading from 2.1.0 to 2.1.1 <upgrade_211>`
+-  :doc:`Upgrading from 2.0.3 to 2.1.0 <upgrade_210>`
 -  :doc:`Upgrading from 2.0.2 to 2.0.3 <upgrade_203>`
 -  :doc:`Upgrading from 2.0.1 to 2.0.2 <upgrade_202>`
 -  :doc:`Upgrading from 2.0 to 2.0.1 <upgrade_201>`
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/config.rst b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/config.rst
index 694896353..08d9c2905 100644
--- a/user_guide_src/source/libraries/config.rst
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/libraries/config.rst
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ This function retrieves the URL to your site, plus an optional path such
 as to a stylesheet or image.
 
 The two functions above are normally accessed via the corresponding
-functions in the :doc:`URL Helper <helpers/url_helper>`.
+functions in the :doc:`URL Helper </helpers/url_helper>`.
 
 $this->config->system_url();
 *****************************
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/license_afl.rst b/user_guide_src/source/license_afl.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca39be9b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/user_guide_src/source/license_afl.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+###################################
+Academic Free License ("AFL") v 3.0
+###################################
+
+This Academic Free License (the "License") applies to any original work of
+authorship (the "Original Work") whose owner (the "Licensor") has placed the
+following licensing notice adjacent to the copyright notice for the Original
+Work:
+
+*Licensed under the Academic Free License version 3.0*
+
+
+*****************************
+1) Grant of Copyright License
+*****************************
+
+Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable
+license, for the duration of the copyright, to do the following:
+
+	*a)* to reproduce the Original Work in copies, either alone or as part of
+	a collective work;
+
+	*b)* to translate, adapt, alter, transform, modify, or arrange the
+	Original Work, thereby creating derivative works ("Derivative Works")
+	based upon the Original Work;
+
+	*c)* to distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work and
+	Derivative Works to the public, *under any license of your choice that
+	does not contradict the terms and conditions, including Licensor's
+	reserved rights and remedies, in this Academic Free License*;
+
+	*d)* to perform the Original Work publicly; and
+
+	*e)* to display the Original Work publicly.
+
+
+**************************
+2) Grant of Patent License
+**************************
+
+Licensor grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive, sublicensable
+license, under patent claims owned or controlled by the Licensor that are
+embodied in the Original Work as furnished by the Licensor, for the duration
+of the patents, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, and import the
+Original Work and Derivative Works.
+
+
+*******************************
+3) Grant of Source Code License
+*******************************
+
+The term "Source Code" means the preferred form of the Original Work for
+making modifications to it and all available documentation describing how to
+modify the Original Work. Licensor agrees to provide a machine-readable copy
+of the Source Code of the Original Work along with each copy of the Original
+Work that Licensor distributes. Licensor reserves the right to satisfy this
+obligation by placing a machine-readable copy of the Source Code in an
+information repository reasonably calculated to permit inexpensive and
+convenient access by You for as long as Licensor continues to distribute the
+Original Work.
+
+
+********************************
+4) Exclusions From License Grant
+********************************
+
+Neither the names of Licensor, nor the names of any contributors to the
+Original Work, nor any of their trademarks or service marks, may be used to
+endorse or promote products derived from this Original Work without express
+prior permission of the Licensor. Except as expressly stated herein, nothing
+in this License grants any license to Licensor's trademarks, copyrights,
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+is granted to make, use, sell, offer for sale, have made, or import
+embodiments of any patent claims other than the licensed claims defined in
+Section 2) No license is granted to the trademarks of Licensor even if such
+marks are included in the Original Work. Nothing in this License shall be
+interpreted to prohibit Licensor from licensing under terms different from
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+license.
+
+
+**********************
+5) External Deployment
+**********************
+
+The term "External Deployment" means the use, distribution, or communication
+of the Original Work or Derivative Works in any way such that the Original
+Work or Derivative Works may be used by anyone other than You, whether those
+works are distributed or communicated to those persons or made available as an
+application intended for use over a network. As an express condition for the
+grants of license hereunder, You must treat any External Deployment by You of
+the Original Work or a Derivative Work as a distribution under section 1(c).
+
+
+*********************
+6) Attribution Rights
+*********************
+
+You must retain, in the Source Code of any Derivative Works that You create,
+all copyright, patent, or trademark notices from the Source Code of the
+Original Work, as well as any notices of licensing and any descriptive text
+identified therein as an "Attribution Notice." You must cause the Source Code
+for any Derivative Works that You create to carry a prominent Attribution
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+Original Work.
+
+
+****************************************************
+7) Warranty of Provenance and Disclaimer of Warranty
+****************************************************
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+Licensor warrants that the copyright in and to the Original Work and the
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+sublicensed to You under the terms of this License with the permission of the
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+merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE
+QUALITY OF THE ORIGINAL WORK IS WITH YOU. This DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
+constitutes an essential part of this License. No license to the Original Work
+is granted by this License except under this disclaimer.
+
+
+**************************
+8) Limitation of Liability
+**************************
+
+Under no circumstances and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including
+negligence), contract, or otherwise, shall the Licensor be liable to anyone
+for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any
+character arising as a result of this License or the use of the Original Work
+including, without limitation, damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage,
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+losses. This limitation of liability shall not apply to the extent applicable
+law prohibits such limitation.
+
+
+*****************************
+9) Acceptance and Termination
+*****************************
+
+If, at any time, You expressly assented to this License, that assent indicates
+your clear and irrevocable acceptance of this License and all of its terms and
+conditions. If You distribute or communicate copies of the Original Work or a
+Derivative Work, You must make a reasonable effort under the circumstances to
+obtain the express assent of recipients to the terms of this License. This
+License conditions your rights to undertake the activities listed in Section
+1, including your right to create Derivative Works based upon the Original
+Work, and doing so without honoring these terms and conditions is prohibited
+by copyright law and international treaty. Nothing in this License is intended
+to affect copyright exceptions and limitations (including "fair use" or "fair
+dealing"). This License shall terminate immediately and You may no longer
+exercise any of the rights granted to You by this License upon your failure to
+honor the conditions in Section 1(c).
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+
+*********************************
+10) Termination for Patent Action
+*********************************
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+This License shall terminate automatically and You may no longer exercise any
+of the rights granted to You by this License as of the date You commence an
+action, including a cross-claim or counterclaim, against Licensor or any
+licensee alleging that the Original Work infringes a patent. This termination
+provision shall not apply for an action alleging patent infringement by
+combinations of the Original Work with other software or hardware.
+
+
+*****************************************
+11) Jurisdiction, Venue and Governing Law
+*****************************************
+
+Any action or suit relating to this License may be brought only in the courts
+of a jurisdiction wherein the Licensor resides or in which Licensor conducts
+its primary business, and under the laws of that jurisdiction excluding its
+conflict-of-law provisions. The application of the United Nations Convention
+on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is expressly excluded. Any
+use of the Original Work outside the scope of this License or after its
+termination shall be subject to the requirements and penalties of copyright or
+patent law in the appropriate jurisdiction. This section shall survive the
+termination of this License.
+
+
+*******************
+12) Attorneys' Fees
+*******************
+
+In any action to enforce the terms of this License or seeking damages relating
+thereto, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and
+expenses, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and costs
+incurred in connection with such action, including any appeal of such action.
+This section shall survive the termination of this License.
+
+
+*****************
+13) Miscellaneous
+*****************
+
+If any provision of this License is held to be unenforceable, such provision
+shall be reformed only to the extent necessary to make it enforceable.
+
+
+***************************************
+14) Definition of "You" in This License
+***************************************
+
+"You" throughout this License, whether in upper or lower case, means an
+individual or a legal entity exercising rights under, and complying with all
+of the terms of, this License. For legal entities, "You" includes any entity
+that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with you. For
+purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or
+indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by
+contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+
+****************
+15) Right to Use
+****************
+
+You may use the Original Work in all ways not otherwise restricted or
+conditioned by this License or by law, and Licensor promises not to interfere
+with or be responsible for such uses by You.
+
+
+********************************
+16) Modification of This License
+********************************
+
+This License is Copyright © 2005 Lawrence Rosen. Permission is granted to
+copy, distribute, or communicate this License without modification. Nothing in
+this License permits You to modify this License as applied to the Original
+Work or to Derivative Works. However, You may modify the text of this License
+and copy, distribute or communicate your modified version (the "Modified
+License") and apply it to other original works of authorship subject to the
+following conditions: (i) You may not indicate in any way that your Modified
+License is the "Academic Free License" or "AFL" and you may not use those
+names in the name of your Modified License; (ii) You must replace the notice
+specified in the first paragraph above with the notice "Licensed under <insert
+your license name here>" or with a notice of your own that is not confusingly
+similar to the notice in this License; and (iii) You may not claim that your
+original works are open source software unless your Modified License has been
+approved by Open Source Initiative (OSI) and You comply with its license
+review and certification process.
\ No newline at end of file