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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer&#8217;s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
+</ul>
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+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
+</ul>
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+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Database Reference</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+ </div>
+ &nbsp;
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+
+ <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
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+ <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
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+ <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
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+ <li><a href="index.html">Database Reference</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>DB Driver Reference</li>
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+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
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+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="db-driver-reference">
+<h1>DB Driver Reference<a class="headerlink" href="#db-driver-reference" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>This is the platform-independent base DB implementation class.
+This class will not be called directly. Rather, the adapter
+class for the specific database will extend and instantiate it.</p>
+<p>The how-to material for this has been split over several articles.
+This article is intended to be a reference for them.</p>
+<div class="admonition important">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
+<p class="last">Not all methods are supported by all database drivers,
+some of them may fail (and return FALSE) if the underlying
+driver does not support them.</p>
+</div>
+<dl class="class">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver">
+<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">CI_DB_driver</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::initialize">
+<tt class="descname">initialize</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::initialize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">bool</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Initialize database settings, establish a connection to
+the database.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::db_connect">
+<tt class="descname">db_connect</tt><big>(</big><em>$persistent = TRUE</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::db_connect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$persistent</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether to establish a persistent connection or a regular one</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Database connection resource/object or FALSE on failure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Establish a connection with the database.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">The returned value depends on the underlying
+driver in use. For example, a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mysqli</span></tt> instance
+will be returned with the &#8216;mysqli&#8217; driver.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::db_pconnect">
+<tt class="descname">db_pconnect</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::db_pconnect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Database connection resource/object or FALSE on failure</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">mixed</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Establish a persistent connection with the database.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">This method is just an alias for <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">db_connect(TRUE)</span></tt>.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::reconnect">
+<tt class="descname">reconnect</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::reconnect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">bool</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Keep / reestablish the database connection if no queries
+have been sent for a length of time exceeding the
+server&#8217;s idle timeout.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::db_select">
+<tt class="descname">db_select</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$database = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::db_select" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$database</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Database name</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Select / switch the current database.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::db_set_charset">
+<tt class="descname">db_set_charset</tt><big>(</big><em>$charset</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::db_set_charset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$charset</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Character set name</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Set client character set.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::platform">
+<tt class="descname">platform</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::platform" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Platform name</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>The name of the platform in use (mysql, mssql, etc...).</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::version">
+<tt class="descname">version</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::version" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">The version of the database being used</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Database version number.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::query">
+<tt class="descname">query</tt><big>(</big><em>$sql</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$binds = FALSE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$return_object = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::query" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$sql</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; The SQL statement to execute</li>
+<li><strong>$binds</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; An array of binding data</li>
+<li><strong>$return_object</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether to return a result object or not</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE for successful &#8220;write-type&#8221; queries, CI_DB_result instance (method chaining) on &#8220;query&#8221; success, FALSE on failure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Execute an SQL query.</p>
+<p>Accepts an SQL string as input and returns a result object
+upon successful execution of a &#8220;read&#8221; type query.</p>
+<p>Returns:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<div><ul class="simple">
+<li>Boolean TRUE upon successful execution of a &#8220;write type&#8221; queries</li>
+<li>Boolean FALSE upon failure</li>
+<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_DB_result</span></tt> object for &#8220;read type&#8221; queries</li>
+</ul>
+</div></blockquote>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::simple_query">
+<tt class="descname">simple_query</tt><big>(</big><em>$sql</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::simple_query" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$sql</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; The SQL statement to execute</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Whatever the underlying driver&#8217;s &#8220;query&#8221; function returns</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>A simplified version of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">query()</span></tt> method, appropriate
+for use when you don&#8217;t need to get a result object or to
+just send a query to the database and not care for the result.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::affected_rows">
+<tt class="descname">affected_rows</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::affected_rows" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Number of rows affected</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">int</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns the number of rows <em>changed</em> by the last executed query.</p>
+<p>Useful for checking how much rows were created, updated or deleted
+during the last executed query.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::trans_strict">
+<tt class="descname">trans_strict</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$mode = TRUE</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::trans_strict" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$mode</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Strict mode flag</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Enable/disable transaction &#8220;strict&#8221; mode.</p>
+<p>When strict mode is enabled, if you are running multiple
+groups of transactions and one group fails, all subsequent
+groups will be rolled back.</p>
+<p>If strict mode is disabled, each group is treated
+autonomously, meaning a failure of one group will not
+affect any others.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::trans_off">
+<tt class="descname">trans_off</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::trans_off" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">void</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Disables transactions at run-time.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::trans_start">
+<tt class="descname">trans_start</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$test_mode = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::trans_start" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$test_mode</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Test mode flag</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Start a transaction.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::trans_complete">
+<tt class="descname">trans_complete</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::trans_complete" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">bool</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Complete Transaction.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::trans_status">
+<tt class="descname">trans_status</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::trans_status" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">TRUE if the transaction succeeded, FALSE if it failed</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">bool</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Lets you retrieve the transaction status flag to
+determine if it has failed.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::compile_binds">
+<tt class="descname">compile_binds</tt><big>(</big><em>$sql</em>, <em>$binds</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::compile_binds" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$sql</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; The SQL statement</li>
+<li><strong>$binds</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; An array of binding data</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The updated SQL statement</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Compiles an SQL query with the bind values passed for it.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::is_write_type">
+<tt class="descname">is_write_type</tt><big>(</big><em>$sql</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::is_write_type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$sql</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; The SQL statement</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if the SQL statement is of &#8220;write type&#8221;, FALSE if not</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Determines if a query is of a &#8220;write&#8221; type (such as
+INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) or &#8220;read&#8221; type (i.e. SELECT).</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::elapsed_time">
+<tt class="descname">elapsed_time</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$decimals = 6</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::elapsed_time" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$decimals</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The number of decimal places</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The aggregate query elapsed time, in microseconds</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Calculate the aggregate query elapsed time.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::total_queries">
+<tt class="descname">total_queries</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::total_queries" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">The total number of queries executed</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">int</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns the total number of queries that have been
+executed so far.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::last_query">
+<tt class="descname">last_query</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::last_query" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">The last query executed</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns the last query that was executed.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::escape">
+<tt class="descname">escape</tt><big>(</big><em>$str</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::escape" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; The value to escape, or an array of multiple ones</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The escaped value(s)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Escapes input data based on type, including boolean and
+NULLs.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::escape_str">
+<tt class="descname">escape_str</tt><big>(</big><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$like = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::escape_str" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; A string value or array of multiple ones</li>
+<li><strong>$like</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether or not the string will be used in a LIKE condition</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The escaped string(s)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Escapes string values.</p>
+<div class="admonition warning">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p>
+<p class="last">The returned strings do NOT include quotes
+around them.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::escape_like_str">
+<tt class="descname">escape_like_str</tt><big>(</big><em>$str</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::escape_like_str" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; A string value or array of multiple ones</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The escaped string(s)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Escape LIKE strings.</p>
+<p>Similar to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">escape_str()</span></tt>, but will also escape the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">%</span></tt>
+and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">_</span></tt> wildcard characters, so that they don&#8217;t cause
+false-positives in LIKE conditions.</p>
+<div class="admonition important">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
+<p class="last">The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">escape_like_str()</span></tt> method uses &#8216;!&#8217; (exclamation mark)
+to escape special characters for <em>LIKE</em> conditions. Because this
+method escapes partial strings that you would wrap in quotes
+yourself, it cannot automatically add the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ESCAPE</span> <span class="pre">'!'</span></tt>
+condition for you, and so you&#8217;ll have to manually do that.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::primary">
+<tt class="descname">primary</tt><big>(</big><em>$table</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::primary" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$table</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Table name</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The primary key name, FALSE if none</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Retrieves the primary key of a table.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">If the database platform does not support primary
+key detection, the first column name may be assumed
+as the primary key.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::count_all">
+<tt class="descname">count_all</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$table = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::count_all" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$table</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Table name</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Row count for the specified table</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">int</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns the total number of rows in a table, or 0 if no
+table was provided.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::list_tables">
+<tt class="descname">list_tables</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$constrain_by_prefix = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::list_tables" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$constrain_by_prefix</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; TRUE to match table names by the configured dbprefix</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Array of table names or FALSE on failure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Gets a list of the tables in the current database.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::table_exists">
+<tt class="descname">table_exists</tt><big>(</big><em>$table_name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::table_exists" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$table_name</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; The table name</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if that table exists, FALSE if not</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Determine if a particular table exists.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::list_fields">
+<tt class="descname">list_fields</tt><big>(</big><em>$table</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::list_fields" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$table</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; The table name</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Array of field names or FALSE on failure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Gets a list of the field names in a table.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::field_exists">
+<tt class="descname">field_exists</tt><big>(</big><em>$field_name</em>, <em>$table_name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::field_exists" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$table_name</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; The table name</li>
+<li><strong>$field_name</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; The field name</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if that field exists in that table, FALSE if not</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Determine if a particular field exists.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::field_data">
+<tt class="descname">field_data</tt><big>(</big><em>$table</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::field_data" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$table</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; The table name</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Array of field data items or FALSE on failure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Gets a list containing field data about a table.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::escape_identifiers">
+<tt class="descname">escape_identifiers</tt><big>(</big><em>$item</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::escape_identifiers" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$item</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; The item or array of items to escape</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The input item(s), escaped</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Escape SQL identifiers, such as column, table and names.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::insert_string">
+<tt class="descname">insert_string</tt><big>(</big><em>$table</em>, <em>$data</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::insert_string" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$table</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; The target table</li>
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; An associative array of key/value pairs</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The SQL INSERT statement, as a string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Generate an INSERT statement string.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::update_string">
+<tt class="descname">update_string</tt><big>(</big><em>$table</em>, <em>$data</em>, <em>$where</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::update_string" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$table</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; The target table</li>
+<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>array</em>) &#8211; An associative array of key/value pairs</li>
+<li><strong>$where</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) &#8211; The WHERE statement conditions</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The SQL UPDATE statement, as a string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Generate an UPDATE statement string.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::call_function">
+<tt class="descname">call_function</tt><big>(</big><em>$function</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::call_function" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$function</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Function name</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The function result</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Runs a native PHP function , using a platform agnostic
+wrapper.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::cache_set_path">
+<tt class="descname">cache_set_path</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$path = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::cache_set_path" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$path</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Path to the cache directory</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Sets the directory path to use for caching storage.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::cache_on">
+<tt class="descname">cache_on</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::cache_on" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">TRUE if caching is on, FALSE if not</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">bool</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Enable database results caching.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::cache_off">
+<tt class="descname">cache_off</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::cache_off" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">TRUE if caching is on, FALSE if not</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">bool</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Disable database results caching.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::cache_delete">
+<tt class="descname">cache_delete</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$segment_one = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$segment_two = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::cache_delete" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$segment_one</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; First URI segment</li>
+<li><strong>$segment_two</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Second URI segment</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Delete the cache files associated with a particular URI.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::cache_delete_all">
+<tt class="descname">cache_delete_all</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::cache_delete_all" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">bool</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Delete all cache files.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::close">
+<tt class="descname">close</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">void</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Close the DB Connection.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::display_error">
+<tt class="descname">display_error</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>$error = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$swap = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$native = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::display_error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$error</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; The error message</li>
+<li><strong>$swap</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; Any &#8220;swap&#8221; values</li>
+<li><strong>$native</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether to localize the message</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">void</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Displays the DB error screensends the application/views/errors/error_db.php template</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Display an error message and stop script execution.</p>
+<p>The message is displayed using the
+<em>application/views/errors/error_db.php</em> template.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="method">
+<dt id="CI_DB_driver::protect_identifiers">
+<tt class="descname">protect_identifiers</tt><big>(</big><em>$item</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$prefix_single = FALSE</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$protect_identifiers = NULL</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$field_exists = TRUE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_driver::protect_identifiers" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$item</strong> (<em>string</em>) &#8211; The item to work with</li>
+<li><strong>$prefix_single</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether to apply the dbprefix even if the input item is a single identifier</li>
+<li><strong>$protect_identifiers</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether to quote identifiers</li>
+<li><strong>$field_exists</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether the supplied item contains a field name or not</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The modified item</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes a column or table name (optionally with an alias)
+and applies the configured <em>dbprefix</em> to it.</p>
+<p>Some logic is necessary in order to deal with
+column names that include the path.</p>
+<p>Consider a query like this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="nx">FROM</span> <span class="nx">hostname</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">database</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">table</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">column</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="nx">c</span> <span class="nx">FROM</span> <span class="nx">hostname</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">database</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">table</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Or a query with aliasing:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">SELECT</span> <span class="nx">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">member_id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">m</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">member_name</span> <span class="nx">FROM</span> <span class="nx">members</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="nx">m</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Since the column name can include up to four segments
+(host, DB, table, column) or also have an alias prefix,
+we need to do a bit of work to figure this out and
+insert the table prefix (if it exists) in the proper
+position, and escape only the correct identifiers.</p>
+<p>This method is used extensively by the Query Builder class.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+</dd></dl>
+
+</div>
+
+
+ </div>
+ <footer>
+
+ <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation">
+
+ <a href="../helpers/index.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Helpers">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a>
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+ <p>
+ &copy; Copyright 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology.
+ Last updated on Jun 19, 2017.
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