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diff --git a/user_guide/database/results.html b/user_guide/database/results.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a876c5a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/user_guide/database/results.html @@ -0,0 +1,1231 @@ + + +<!DOCTYPE html> +<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]--> +<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]--> +<head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> + + <title>Generating Query Results — CodeIgniter 3.1.9 documentation</title> + + + + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/> + + + + <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> + + + + + + + + + + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" /> + + + + <link rel="index" title="Index" + href="../genindex.html"/> + <link rel="search" 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style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe"> + <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" /> + </div> + </ul> + <hr/> +</div> + <div role="main" class="document"> + + <div class="section" id="generating-query-results"> +<h1>Generating Query Results<a class="headerlink" href="#generating-query-results" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> +<p>There are several ways to generate query results:</p> +<div class="contents local topic" id="contents"> +<ul class="simple"> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="#result-arrays" id="id1">Result Arrays</a></li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="#result-rows" id="id2">Result Rows</a></li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="#custom-result-objects" id="id3">Custom Result Objects</a></li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="#result-helper-methods" id="id4">Result Helper Methods</a></li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id5">Class Reference</a></li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="section" id="result-arrays"> +<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Result Arrays</a><a class="headerlink" href="#result-arrays" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p><strong>result()</strong></p> +<p>This method returns the query result as an array of <strong>objects</strong>, or +<strong>an empty array</strong> on failure. Typically you’ll use this in a foreach +loop, like this:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"YOUR QUERY"</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">result</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">)</span> +<span class="p">{</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">title</span><span class="p">;</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">name</span><span class="p">;</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">body</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>The above method is an alias of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">result_object()</span></code>.</p> +<p>You can also pass a string to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">result()</span></code> which represents a class to +instantiate for each result object (note: this class must be loaded)</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"SELECT * FROM users;"</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">result</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'User'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$user</span><span class="p">)</span> +<span class="p">{</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$user</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">name</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// access attributes</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$user</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">reverse_name</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// or methods defined on the 'User' class</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p><strong>result_array()</strong></p> +<p>This method returns the query result as a pure array, or an empty +array when no result is produced. Typically you’ll use this in a foreach +loop, like this:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"YOUR QUERY"</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">result_array</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">)</span> +<span class="p">{</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="p">];</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'name'</span><span class="p">];</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'body'</span><span class="p">];</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="result-rows"> +<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Result Rows</a><a class="headerlink" href="#result-rows" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p><strong>row()</strong></p> +<p>This method returns a single result row. If your query has more than +one row, it returns only the first row. The result is returned as an +<strong>object</strong>. Here’s a usage example:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"YOUR QUERY"</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">row</span><span class="p">();</span> + +<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">isset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">))</span> +<span class="p">{</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">title</span><span class="p">;</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">name</span><span class="p">;</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">body</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>If you want a specific row returned you can submit the row number as a +digit in the first parameter:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>You can also add a second String parameter, which is the name of a class +to instantiate the row with:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 1;"</span><span class="p">);</span> +<span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'User'</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">name</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// access attributes</span> +<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">reverse_name</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// or methods defined on the 'User' class</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p><strong>row_array()</strong></p> +<p>Identical to the above <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row()</span></code> method, except it returns an array. +Example:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"YOUR QUERY"</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">row_array</span><span class="p">();</span> + +<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">isset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">))</span> +<span class="p">{</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="p">];</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'name'</span><span class="p">];</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'body'</span><span class="p">];</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>If you want a specific row returned you can submit the row number as a +digit in the first parameter:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">row_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>In addition, you can walk forward/backwards/first/last through your +results using these variations:</p> +<blockquote> +<div><div class="line-block"> +<div class="line"><strong>$row = $query->first_row()</strong></div> +<div class="line"><strong>$row = $query->last_row()</strong></div> +<div class="line"><strong>$row = $query->next_row()</strong></div> +<div class="line"><strong>$row = $query->previous_row()</strong></div> +</div> +</div></blockquote> +<p>By default they return an object unless you put the word “array” in the +parameter:</p> +<blockquote> +<div><div class="line-block"> +<div class="line"><strong>$row = $query->first_row(‘array’)</strong></div> +<div class="line"><strong>$row = $query->last_row(‘array’)</strong></div> +<div class="line"><strong>$row = $query->next_row(‘array’)</strong></div> +<div class="line"><strong>$row = $query->previous_row(‘array’)</strong></div> +</div> +</div></blockquote> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">All the methods above will load the whole result into memory +(prefetching). Use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unbuffered_row()</span></code> for processing large +result sets.</p> +</div> +<p><strong>unbuffered_row()</strong></p> +<p>This method returns a single result row without prefetching the whole +result in memory as <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row()</span></code> does. If your query has more than one row, +it returns the current row and moves the internal data pointer ahead.</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"YOUR QUERY"</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="k">while</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">unbuffered_row</span><span class="p">())</span> +<span class="p">{</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">title</span><span class="p">;</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">name</span><span class="p">;</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">body</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>You can optionally pass ‘object’ (default) or ‘array’ in order to specify +the returned value’s type:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">unbuffered_row</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// object</span> +<span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">unbuffered_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'object'</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// object</span> +<span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">unbuffered_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'array'</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// associative array</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="custom-result-objects"> +<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Custom Result Objects</a><a class="headerlink" href="#custom-result-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>You can have the results returned as an instance of a custom class instead +of a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stdClass</span></code> or array, as the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">result()</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">result_array()</span></code> +methods allow. This requires that the class is already loaded into memory. +The object will have all values returned from the database set as properties. +If these have been declared and are non-public then you should provide a +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__set()</span></code> method to allow them to be set.</p> +<p>Example:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">User</span> <span class="p">{</span> + + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$id</span><span class="p">;</span> + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$email</span><span class="p">;</span> + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$username</span><span class="p">;</span> + + <span class="k">protected</span> <span class="nv">$last_login</span><span class="p">;</span> + + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">last_login</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$format</span><span class="p">)</span> + <span class="p">{</span> + <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">last_login</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$format</span><span class="p">);</span> + <span class="p">}</span> + + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">__set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">)</span> + <span class="p">{</span> + <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="s1">'last_login'</span><span class="p">)</span> + <span class="p">{</span> + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">last_login</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">DateTime</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">createFromFormat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'U'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">);</span> + <span class="p">}</span> + <span class="p">}</span> + + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">__get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">)</span> + <span class="p">{</span> + <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">isset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">))</span> + <span class="p">{</span> + <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">;</span> + <span class="p">}</span> + <span class="p">}</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>In addition to the two methods listed below, the following methods also can +take a class name to return the results as: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">first_row()</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">last_row()</span></code>, +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">next_row()</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">previous_row()</span></code>.</p> +<p><strong>custom_result_object()</strong></p> +<p>Returns the entire result set as an array of instances of the class requested. +The only parameter is the name of the class to instantiate.</p> +<p>Example:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"YOUR QUERY"</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="nv">$rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">custom_result_object</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'User'</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$rows</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">)</span> +<span class="p">{</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">id</span><span class="p">;</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">email</span><span class="p">;</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">last_login</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Y-m-d'</span><span class="p">);</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p><strong>custom_row_object()</strong></p> +<p>Returns a single row from your query results. The first parameter is the row +number of the results. The second parameter is the class name to instantiate.</p> +<p>Example:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"YOUR QUERY"</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">custom_row_object</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'User'</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">isset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">))</span> +<span class="p">{</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">email</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// access attributes</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">last_login</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Y-m-d'</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// access class methods</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>You can also use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row()</span></code> method in exactly the same way.</p> +<p>Example:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">custom_row_object</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'User'</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="result-helper-methods"> +<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Result Helper Methods</a><a class="headerlink" href="#result-helper-methods" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p><strong>num_rows()</strong></p> +<p>The number of rows returned by the query. Note: In this example, $query +is the variable that the query result object is assigned to:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'SELECT * FROM my_table'</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">num_rows</span><span class="p">();</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">Not all database drivers have a native way of getting the total +number of rows for a result set. When this is the case, all of +the data is prefetched and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">count()</span></code> is manually called on the +resulting array in order to achieve the same result.</p> +</div> +<p><strong>num_fields()</strong></p> +<p>The number of FIELDS (columns) returned by the query. Make sure to call +the method using your query result object:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'SELECT * FROM my_table'</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">num_fields</span><span class="p">();</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p><strong>free_result()</strong></p> +<p>It frees the memory associated with the result and deletes the result +resource ID. Normally PHP frees its memory automatically at the end of +script execution. However, if you are running a lot of queries in a +particular script you might want to free the result after each query +result has been generated in order to cut down on memory consumption.</p> +<p>Example:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'SELECT title FROM my_table'</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">result</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">)</span> +<span class="p">{</span> + <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">title</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="p">}</span> + +<span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">free_result</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// The $query result object will no longer be available</span> + +<span class="nv">$query2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'SELECT name FROM some_table'</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query2</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">row</span><span class="p">();</span> +<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">name</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="nv">$query2</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">free_result</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// The $query2 result object will no longer be available</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p><strong>data_seek()</strong></p> +<p>This method sets the internal pointer for the next result row to be +fetched. It is only useful in combination with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unbuffered_row()</span></code>.</p> +<p>It accepts a positive integer value, which defaults to 0 and returns +TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'SELECT `field_name` FROM `table_name`'</span><span class="p">);</span> +<span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">data_seek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Skip the first 5 rows</span> +<span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">unbuffered_row</span><span class="p">();</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">Not all database drivers support this feature and will return FALSE. +Most notably - you won’t be able to use it with PDO.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="class-reference"> +<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<dl class="class"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result"> +<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_DB_result</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::result"> +<code class="descname">result</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$type = 'object'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::result" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Type of requested results - array, object, or class name</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Array containing the fetched rows</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>A wrapper for the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">result_array()</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">result_object()</span></code> +and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">custom_result_object()</span></code> methods.</p> +<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-arrays">Result Arrays</a>.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::result_array"> +<code class="descname">result_array</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::result_array" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Array containing the fetched rows</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Returns the query results as an array of rows, where each +row is itself an associative array.</p> +<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-arrays">Result Arrays</a>.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::result_object"> +<code class="descname">result_object</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::result_object" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Array containing the fetched rows</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Returns the query results as an array of rows, where each +row is an object of type <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stdClass</span></code>.</p> +<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-arrays">Result Arrays</a>.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::custom_result_object"> +<code class="descname">custom_result_object</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$class_name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::custom_result_object" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$class_name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Class name for the resulting rows</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Array containing the fetched rows</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Returns the query results as an array of rows, where each +row is an instance of the specified class.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::row"> +<code class="descname">row</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$n = 0</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$type = 'object'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::row" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Index of the query results row to be returned</li> +<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The requested row or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>A wrapper for the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row_array()</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row_object()</span> <span class="pre">and</span> +<span class="pre">``custom_row_object()</span></code> methods.</p> +<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-rows">Result Rows</a>.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::unbuffered_row"> +<code class="descname">unbuffered_row</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$type = 'object'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::unbuffered_row" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Next row from the result set or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Fetches the next result row and returns it in the +requested form.</p> +<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-rows">Result Rows</a>.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::row_array"> +<code class="descname">row_array</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$n = 0</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::row_array" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Index of the query results row to be returned</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The requested row or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Returns the requested result row as an associative array.</p> +<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-rows">Result Rows</a>.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::row_object"> +<code class="descname">row_object</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$n = 0</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::row_object" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Index of the query results row to be returned</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The requested row or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">stdClass</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Returns the requested result row as an object of type +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stdClass</span></code>.</p> +<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-rows">Result Rows</a>.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::custom_row_object"> +<code class="descname">custom_row_object</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$n</em>, <em>$type</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::custom_row_object" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Index of the results row to return</li> +<li><strong>$class_name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Class name for the resulting row</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The requested row or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">$type</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Returns the requested result row as an instance of the +requested class.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::data_seek"> +<code class="descname">data_seek</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$n = 0</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::data_seek" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Index of the results row to be returned next</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Moves the internal results row pointer to the desired offset.</p> +<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-helper-methods">Result Helper Methods</a>.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::set_row"> +<code class="descname">set_row</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$key</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::set_row" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Column name or array of key/value pairs</li> +<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Value to assign to the column, $key is a single field name</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Assigns a value to a particular column.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::next_row"> +<code class="descname">next_row</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$type = 'object'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::next_row" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Next row of result set, or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Returns the next row from the result set.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::previous_row"> +<code class="descname">previous_row</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$type = 'object'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::previous_row" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Previous row of result set, or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Returns the previous row from the result set.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::first_row"> +<code class="descname">first_row</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$type = 'object'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::first_row" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">First row of result set, or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Returns the first row from the result set.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::last_row"> +<code class="descname">last_row</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$type = 'object'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::last_row" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Last row of result set, or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Returns the last row from the result set.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::num_rows"> +<code class="descname">num_rows</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::num_rows" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Number of rows in the result set</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">int</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Returns the number of rows in the result set.</p> +<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-helper-methods">Result Helper Methods</a>.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::num_fields"> +<code class="descname">num_fields</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::num_fields" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Number of fields in the result set</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">int</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Returns the number of fields in the result set.</p> +<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-helper-methods">Result Helper Methods</a>.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::field_data"> +<code class="descname">field_data</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::field_data" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Array containing field meta-data</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Generates an array of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stdClass</span></code> objects containing +field meta-data.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::free_result"> +<code class="descname">free_result</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::free_result" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">void</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Frees a result set.</p> +<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-helper-methods">Result Helper Methods</a>.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_DB_result::list_fields"> +<code class="descname">list_fields</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::list_fields" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Array of column names</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Returns an array containing the field names in the +result set.</p> +</dd></dl> + +</dd></dl> + +</div> +</div> + + + </div> + <footer> + + <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> + + <a href="helpers.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Query Helper Methods">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a> + + + <a 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