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- <div class="section" id="generating-query-results">
-<h1>Generating Query Results<a class="headerlink" href="#generating-query-results" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
-<p>There are several ways to generate query results:</p>
-<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
-<ul class="simple">
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#result-arrays" id="id1">Result Arrays</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#result-rows" id="id2">Result Rows</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#custom-result-objects" id="id3">Custom Result Objects</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#result-helper-methods" id="id4">Result Helper Methods</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id5">Class Reference</a></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="result-arrays">
-<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Result Arrays</a><a class="headerlink" href="#result-arrays" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p><strong>result()</strong></p>
-<p>This method returns the query result as an array of <strong>objects</strong>, or
-<strong>an empty array</strong> on failure. Typically you’ll use this in a foreach
-loop, like this:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;YOUR QUERY&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">result</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">title</span><span class="p">;</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">name</span><span class="p">;</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">body</span><span class="p">;</span>
-<span class="p">}</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>The above method is an alias of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">result_object()</span></code>.</p>
-<p>You can also pass a string to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">result()</span></code> which represents a class to
-instantiate for each result object (note: this class must be loaded)</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;SELECT * FROM users;&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">result</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;User&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$user</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$user</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">name</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// access attributes</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$user</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">reverse_name</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// or methods defined on the &#39;User&#39; class</span>
-<span class="p">}</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p><strong>result_array()</strong></p>
-<p>This method returns the query result as a pure array, or an empty
-array when no result is produced. Typically you’ll use this in a foreach
-loop, like this:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;YOUR QUERY&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">result_array</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;body&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
-<span class="p">}</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="result-rows">
-<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Result Rows</a><a class="headerlink" href="#result-rows" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p><strong>row()</strong></p>
-<p>This method returns a single result row. If your query has more than
-one row, it returns only the first row. The result is returned as an
-<strong>object</strong>. Here’s a usage example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;YOUR QUERY&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">row</span><span class="p">();</span>
-
-<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">isset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">))</span>
-<span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">title</span><span class="p">;</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">name</span><span class="p">;</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">body</span><span class="p">;</span>
-<span class="p">}</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>If you want a specific row returned you can submit the row number as a
-digit in the first parameter:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>You can also add a second String parameter, which is the name of a class
-to instantiate the row with:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 1;&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-<span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;User&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">name</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// access attributes</span>
-<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">reverse_name</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// or methods defined on the &#39;User&#39; class</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p><strong>row_array()</strong></p>
-<p>Identical to the above <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row()</span></code> method, except it returns an array.
-Example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;YOUR QUERY&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">row_array</span><span class="p">();</span>
-
-<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">isset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">))</span>
-<span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;body&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
-<span class="p">}</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>If you want a specific row returned you can submit the row number as a
-digit in the first parameter:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">row_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>In addition, you can walk forward/backwards/first/last through your
-results using these variations:</p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line"><strong>$row = $query-&gt;first_row()</strong></div>
-<div class="line"><strong>$row = $query-&gt;last_row()</strong></div>
-<div class="line"><strong>$row = $query-&gt;next_row()</strong></div>
-<div class="line"><strong>$row = $query-&gt;previous_row()</strong></div>
-</div>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>By default they return an object unless you put the word “array” in the
-parameter:</p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><div class="line-block">
-<div class="line"><strong>$row = $query-&gt;first_row(‘array’)</strong></div>
-<div class="line"><strong>$row = $query-&gt;last_row(‘array’)</strong></div>
-<div class="line"><strong>$row = $query-&gt;next_row(‘array’)</strong></div>
-<div class="line"><strong>$row = $query-&gt;previous_row(‘array’)</strong></div>
-</div>
-</div></blockquote>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">All the methods above will load the whole result into memory
-(prefetching). Use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unbuffered_row()</span></code> for processing large
-result sets.</p>
-</div>
-<p><strong>unbuffered_row()</strong></p>
-<p>This method returns a single result row without prefetching the whole
-result in memory as <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row()</span></code> does. If your query has more than one row,
-it returns the current row and moves the internal data pointer ahead.</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;YOUR QUERY&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="k">while</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unbuffered_row</span><span class="p">())</span>
-<span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">title</span><span class="p">;</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">name</span><span class="p">;</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">body</span><span class="p">;</span>
-<span class="p">}</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>You can optionally pass ‘object’ (default) or ‘array’ in order to specify
-the returned value’s type:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unbuffered_row</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// object</span>
-<span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unbuffered_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;object&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// object</span>
-<span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unbuffered_row</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;array&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// associative array</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="custom-result-objects">
-<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Custom Result Objects</a><a class="headerlink" href="#custom-result-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>You can have the results returned as an instance of a custom class instead
-of a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stdClass</span></code> or array, as the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">result()</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">result_array()</span></code>
-methods allow. This requires that the class is already loaded into memory.
-The object will have all values returned from the database set as properties.
-If these have been declared and are non-public then you should provide a
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__set()</span></code> method to allow them to be set.</p>
-<p>Example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">User</span> <span class="p">{</span>
-
- <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$id</span><span class="p">;</span>
- <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$email</span><span class="p">;</span>
- <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$username</span><span class="p">;</span>
-
- <span class="k">protected</span> <span class="nv">$last_login</span><span class="p">;</span>
-
- <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">last_login</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$format</span><span class="p">)</span>
- <span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">last_login</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$format</span><span class="p">);</span>
- <span class="p">}</span>
-
- <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">__set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">)</span>
- <span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="s1">&#39;last_login&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
- <span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">last_login</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">DateTime</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">createFromFormat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;U&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$value</span><span class="p">);</span>
- <span class="p">}</span>
- <span class="p">}</span>
-
- <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">__get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">)</span>
- <span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">isset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">))</span>
- <span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">;</span>
- <span class="p">}</span>
- <span class="p">}</span>
-<span class="p">}</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>In addition to the two methods listed below, the following methods also can
-take a class name to return the results as: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">first_row()</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">last_row()</span></code>,
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">next_row()</span></code>, and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">previous_row()</span></code>.</p>
-<p><strong>custom_result_object()</strong></p>
-<p>Returns the entire result set as an array of instances of the class requested.
-The only parameter is the name of the class to instantiate.</p>
-<p>Example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;YOUR QUERY&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="nv">$rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">custom_result_object</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;User&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$rows</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">id</span><span class="p">;</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">email</span><span class="p">;</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">last_login</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Y-m-d&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-<span class="p">}</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p><strong>custom_row_object()</strong></p>
-<p>Returns a single row from your query results. The first parameter is the row
-number of the results. The second parameter is the class name to instantiate.</p>
-<p>Example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;YOUR QUERY&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">custom_row_object</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;User&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">isset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">))</span>
-<span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">email</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="c1">// access attributes</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">last_login</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;Y-m-d&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// access class methods</span>
-<span class="p">}</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>You can also use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row()</span></code> method in exactly the same way.</p>
-<p>Example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">custom_row_object</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;User&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="result-helper-methods">
-<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Result Helper Methods</a><a class="headerlink" href="#result-helper-methods" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p><strong>num_rows()</strong></p>
-<p>The number of rows returned by the query. Note: In this example, $query
-is the variable that the query result object is assigned to:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;SELECT * FROM my_table&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">num_rows</span><span class="p">();</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">Not all database drivers have a native way of getting the total
-number of rows for a result set. When this is the case, all of
-the data is prefetched and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">count()</span></code> is manually called on the
-resulting array in order to achieve the same result.</p>
-</div>
-<p><strong>num_fields()</strong></p>
-<p>The number of FIELDS (columns) returned by the query. Make sure to call
-the method using your query result object:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;SELECT * FROM my_table&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">num_fields</span><span class="p">();</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p><strong>free_result()</strong></p>
-<p>It frees the memory associated with the result and deletes the result
-resource ID. Normally PHP frees its memory automatically at the end of
-script execution. However, if you are running a lot of queries in a
-particular script you might want to free the result after each query
-result has been generated in order to cut down on memory consumption.</p>
-<p>Example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;SELECT title FROM my_table&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">result</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">title</span><span class="p">;</span>
-<span class="p">}</span>
-
-<span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">free_result</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// The $query result object will no longer be available</span>
-
-<span class="nv">$query2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;SELECT name FROM some_table&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query2</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">row</span><span class="p">();</span>
-<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$row</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">name</span><span class="p">;</span>
-<span class="nv">$query2</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">free_result</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// The $query2 result object will no longer be available</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p><strong>data_seek()</strong></p>
-<p>This method sets the internal pointer for the next result row to be
-fetched. It is only useful in combination with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unbuffered_row()</span></code>.</p>
-<p>It accepts a positive integer value, which defaults to 0 and returns
-TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">query</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;SELECT `field_name` FROM `table_name`&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-<span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">data_seek</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Skip the first 5 rows</span>
-<span class="nv">$row</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unbuffered_row</span><span class="p">();</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">Not all database drivers support this feature and will return FALSE.
-Most notably - you won’t be able to use it with PDO.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="class-reference">
-<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<dl class="class">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result">
-<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_DB_result</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::result">
-<code class="descname">result</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$type = 'object'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::result" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Type of requested results - array, object, or class name</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Array containing the fetched rows</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>A wrapper for the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">result_array()</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">result_object()</span></code>
-and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">custom_result_object()</span></code> methods.</p>
-<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-arrays">Result Arrays</a>.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::result_array">
-<code class="descname">result_array</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::result_array" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Array containing the fetched rows</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns the query results as an array of rows, where each
-row is itself an associative array.</p>
-<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-arrays">Result Arrays</a>.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::result_object">
-<code class="descname">result_object</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::result_object" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Array containing the fetched rows</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns the query results as an array of rows, where each
-row is an object of type <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stdClass</span></code>.</p>
-<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-arrays">Result Arrays</a>.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::custom_result_object">
-<code class="descname">custom_result_object</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$class_name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::custom_result_object" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$class_name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Class name for the resulting rows</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Array containing the fetched rows</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns the query results as an array of rows, where each
-row is an instance of the specified class.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::row">
-<code class="descname">row</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$n = 0</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$type = 'object'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::row" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Index of the query results row to be returned</li>
-<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The requested row or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>A wrapper for the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row_array()</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">row_object()</span> <span class="pre">and</span>
-<span class="pre">``custom_row_object()</span></code> methods.</p>
-<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-rows">Result Rows</a>.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::unbuffered_row">
-<code class="descname">unbuffered_row</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$type = 'object'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::unbuffered_row" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Next row from the result set or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Fetches the next result row and returns it in the
-requested form.</p>
-<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-rows">Result Rows</a>.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::row_array">
-<code class="descname">row_array</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$n = 0</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::row_array" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Index of the query results row to be returned</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The requested row or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">array</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns the requested result row as an associative array.</p>
-<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-rows">Result Rows</a>.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::row_object">
-<code class="descname">row_object</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$n = 0</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::row_object" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Index of the query results row to be returned</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The requested row or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">stdClass</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns the requested result row as an object of type
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stdClass</span></code>.</p>
-<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-rows">Result Rows</a>.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::custom_row_object">
-<code class="descname">custom_row_object</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$n</em>, <em>$type</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::custom_row_object" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Index of the results row to return</li>
-<li><strong>$class_name</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Class name for the resulting row</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The requested row or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">$type</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns the requested result row as an instance of the
-requested class.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::data_seek">
-<code class="descname">data_seek</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$n = 0</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::data_seek" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$n</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Index of the results row to be returned next</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Moves the internal results row pointer to the desired offset.</p>
-<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-helper-methods">Result Helper Methods</a>.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::set_row">
-<code class="descname">set_row</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$key</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::set_row" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Column name or array of key/value pairs</li>
-<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Value to assign to the column, $key is a single field name</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Assigns a value to a particular column.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::next_row">
-<code class="descname">next_row</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$type = 'object'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::next_row" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Next row of result set, or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns the next row from the result set.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::previous_row">
-<code class="descname">previous_row</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$type = 'object'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::previous_row" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Previous row of result set, or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns the previous row from the result set.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::first_row">
-<code class="descname">first_row</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$type = 'object'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::first_row" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">First row of result set, or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns the first row from the result set.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::last_row">
-<code class="descname">last_row</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$type = 'object'</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::last_row" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Type of the requested result - array, object, or class name</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Last row of result set, or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns the last row from the result set.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::num_rows">
-<code class="descname">num_rows</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::num_rows" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Number of rows in the result set</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">int</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns the number of rows in the result set.</p>
-<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-helper-methods">Result Helper Methods</a>.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::num_fields">
-<code class="descname">num_fields</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::num_fields" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Number of fields in the result set</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">int</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns the number of fields in the result set.</p>
-<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-helper-methods">Result Helper Methods</a>.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::field_data">
-<code class="descname">field_data</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::field_data" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Array containing field meta-data</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Generates an array of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">stdClass</span></code> objects containing
-field meta-data.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::free_result">
-<code class="descname">free_result</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::free_result" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">void</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Frees a result set.</p>
-<p>Usage: see <a class="reference internal" href="#result-helper-methods">Result Helper Methods</a>.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_DB_result::list_fields">
-<code class="descname">list_fields</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_DB_result::list_fields" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Array of column names</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns an array containing the field names in the
-result set.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-</dd></dl>
-
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