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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="views.html">Views</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Models</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
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+ <div class="section" id="models">
+<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Models</a><a class="headerlink" href="#models" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>Models are <strong>optionally</strong> available for those who want to use a more
+traditional MVC approach.</p>
+<div class="contents topic" id="page-contents">
+<p class="topic-title first">Page Contents</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#models" id="id1">Models</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-a-model" id="id2">What is a Model?</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#anatomy-of-a-model" id="id3">Anatomy of a Model</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-a-model" id="id4">Loading a Model</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#auto-loading-models" id="id5">Auto-loading Models</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#connecting-to-your-database" id="id6">Connecting to your Database</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="what-is-a-model">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">What is a Model?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Models are PHP classes that are designed to work with information in
+your database. For example, let’s say you use CodeIgniter to manage a
+blog. You might have a model class that contains functions to insert,
+update, and retrieve your blog data. Here is an example of what such a
+model class might look like:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog_model</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Model</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+
+ <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">;</span>
+ <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$content</span><span class="p">;</span>
+ <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$date</span><span class="p">;</span>
+
+ <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">get_last_ten_entries</span><span class="p">()</span>
+ <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;entries&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
+ <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">result</span><span class="p">();</span>
+ <span class="p">}</span>
+
+ <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">insert_entry</span><span class="p">()</span>
+ <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="c1">// please read the below note</span>
+ <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
+ <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
+
+ <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;entries&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="p">);</span>
+ <span class="p">}</span>
+
+ <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">update_entry</span><span class="p">()</span>
+ <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
+ <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;content&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
+ <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
+
+ <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;entries&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;id&#39;</span><span class="p">]));</span>
+ <span class="p">}</span>
+
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">The methods in the above example use the <a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html"><span class="doc">Query Builder</span></a> database methods.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">For the sake of simplicity in this example we’re using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_POST</span></code>
+directly. This is generally bad practice, and a more common approach
+would be to use the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><span class="doc">Input Library</span></a>
+<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;input-&gt;post('title')</span></code>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="anatomy-of-a-model">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Anatomy of a Model</a><a class="headerlink" href="#anatomy-of-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Model classes are stored in your <strong>application/models/</strong> directory.
+They can be nested within sub-directories if you want this type of
+organization.</p>
+<p>The basic prototype for a model class is this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Model_name</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Model</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Where <strong>Model_name</strong> is the name of your class. Class names <strong>must</strong> have
+the first letter capitalized with the rest of the name lowercase. Make
+sure your class extends the base Model class.</p>
+<p>The file name must match the class name. For example, if this is your class:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">User_model</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Model</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Your file will be this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">application</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">models</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">User_model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="loading-a-model">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Loading a Model</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>Your models will typically be loaded and called from within your
+<a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html"><span class="doc">controller</span></a> methods. To load a model you will use
+the following method:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;model_name&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>If your model is located in a sub-directory, include the relative path
+from your models directory. For example, if you have a model located at
+<em>application/models/blog/Queries.php</em> you’ll load it using:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog/queries&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Once loaded, you will access your model methods using an object with the
+same name as your class:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;model_name&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model_name</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">method</span><span class="p">();</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>If you would like your model assigned to a different object name you can
+specify it via the second parameter of the loading method:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;model_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;foobar&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">foobar</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">method</span><span class="p">();</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Here is an example of a controller, that loads a model, then serves a
+view:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog_controller</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+
+ <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">blog</span><span class="p">()</span>
+ <span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+
+ <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;query&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">blog</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_last_ten_entries</span><span class="p">();</span>
+
+ <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
+ <span class="p">}</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="auto-loading-models">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Auto-loading Models</a><a class="headerlink" href="#auto-loading-models" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>If you find that you need a particular model globally throughout your
+application, you can tell CodeIgniter to auto-load it during system
+initialization. This is done by opening the
+<strong>application/config/autoload.php</strong> file and adding the model to the
+autoload array.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="connecting-to-your-database">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Connecting to your Database</a><a class="headerlink" href="#connecting-to-your-database" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>When a model is loaded it does <strong>NOT</strong> connect automatically to your
+database. The following options for connecting are available to you:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p class="first">You can connect using the standard database methods <a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html"><span class="doc">described
+here</span></a>, either from within your
+Controller class or your Model class.</p>
+</li>
+<li><p class="first">You can tell the model loading method to auto-connect by passing
+TRUE (boolean) via the third parameter, and connectivity settings,
+as defined in your database config file will be used:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;model_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</li>
+<li><p class="first">You can manually pass database connectivity settings via the third
+parameter:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;hostname&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;myusername&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;password&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mypassword&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mydatabase&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;dbdriver&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;mysqli&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;dbprefix&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;pconnect&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;db_debug&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
+
+<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;model_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</li>
+</ul>
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