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diff --git a/user_guide/general/models.html b/user_guide/general/models.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99dc3baa5 --- /dev/null +++ b/user_guide/general/models.html @@ -0,0 +1,673 @@ + + +<!DOCTYPE html> +<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]--> +<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]--> +<head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> + + <title>Models — CodeIgniter 3.1.8 documentation</title> + + + + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/> + + + + <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> + + + + + + + + + + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" /> + + + + <link rel="index" title="Index" + href="../genindex.html"/> + <link rel="search" title="Search" 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Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> + + + + </div> + + </nav> + + <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap"> + + + <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation"> + <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i> + <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a> + </nav> + + + + <div class="wy-nav-content"> + <div class="rst-content"> + <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation"> + <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs"> + <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> »</li> + + <li><a href="index.html">General Topics</a> »</li> + + <li>Models</li> + <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside"> + + </li> + <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe"> + <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" /> + </div> + </ul> + <hr/> +</div> + <div role="main" class="document"> + + <div class="section" id="models"> +<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Models</a><a class="headerlink" href="#models" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> +<p>Models are <strong>optionally</strong> available for those who want to use a more +traditional MVC approach.</p> +<div class="contents topic" id="page-contents"> +<p class="topic-title first">Page Contents</p> +<ul class="simple"> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="#models" id="id1">Models</a><ul> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-a-model" id="id2">What is a Model?</a></li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="#anatomy-of-a-model" id="id3">Anatomy of a Model</a></li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-a-model" id="id4">Loading a Model</a></li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="#auto-loading-models" id="id5">Auto-loading Models</a></li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="#connecting-to-your-database" id="id6">Connecting to your Database</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="section" id="what-is-a-model"> +<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">What is a Model?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Models are PHP classes that are designed to work with information in +your database. For example, let’s say you use CodeIgniter to manage a +blog. You might have a model class that contains functions to insert, +update, and retrieve your blog data. Here is an example of what such a +model class might look like:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog_model</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Model</span> <span class="p">{</span> + + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">;</span> + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$content</span><span class="p">;</span> + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$date</span><span class="p">;</span> + + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">get_last_ten_entries</span><span class="p">()</span> + <span class="p">{</span> + <span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'entries'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span> + <span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">result</span><span class="p">();</span> + <span class="p">}</span> + + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">insert_entry</span><span class="p">()</span> + <span class="p">{</span> + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="c1">// please read the below note</span> + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'content'</span><span class="p">];</span> + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span> + + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'entries'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="p">);</span> + <span class="p">}</span> + + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">update_entry</span><span class="p">()</span> + <span class="p">{</span> + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="p">];</span> + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'content'</span><span class="p">];</span> + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span> + + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'entries'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'id'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'id'</span><span class="p">]));</span> + <span class="p">}</span> + +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">The methods in the above example use the <a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html"><span class="doc">Query Builder</span></a> database methods.</p> +</div> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">For the sake of simplicity in this example we’re using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_POST</span></code> +directly. This is generally bad practice, and a more common approach +would be to use the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><span class="doc">Input Library</span></a> +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this->input->post('title')</span></code>.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="anatomy-of-a-model"> +<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Anatomy of a Model</a><a class="headerlink" href="#anatomy-of-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Model classes are stored in your <strong>application/models/</strong> directory. +They can be nested within sub-directories if you want this type of +organization.</p> +<p>The basic prototype for a model class is this:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Model_name</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Model</span> <span class="p">{</span> + +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Where <strong>Model_name</strong> is the name of your class. Class names <strong>must</strong> have +the first letter capitalized with the rest of the name lowercase. Make +sure your class extends the base Model class.</p> +<p>The file name must match the class name. For example, if this is your class:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">User_model</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Model</span> <span class="p">{</span> + +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Your file will be this:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">application</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">models</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">User_model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="loading-a-model"> +<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Loading a Model</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Your models will typically be loaded and called from within your +<a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html"><span class="doc">controller</span></a> methods. To load a model you will use +the following method:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'model_name'</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>If your model is located in a sub-directory, include the relative path +from your models directory. For example, if you have a model located at +<em>application/models/blog/Queries.php</em> you’ll load it using:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blog/queries'</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Once loaded, you will access your model methods using an object with the +same name as your class:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'model_name'</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">model_name</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">method</span><span class="p">();</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>If you would like your model assigned to a different object name you can +specify it via the second parameter of the loading method:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'model_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">foobar</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">method</span><span class="p">();</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Here is an example of a controller, that loads a model, then serves a +view:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog_controller</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span> + + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">blog</span><span class="p">()</span> + <span class="p">{</span> + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blog'</span><span class="p">);</span> + + <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'query'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">blog</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">get_last_ten_entries</span><span class="p">();</span> + + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blog'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span> + <span class="p">}</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="auto-loading-models"> +<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Auto-loading Models</a><a class="headerlink" href="#auto-loading-models" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>If you find that you need a particular model globally throughout your +application, you can tell CodeIgniter to auto-load it during system +initialization. This is done by opening the +<strong>application/config/autoload.php</strong> file and adding the model to the +autoload array.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="connecting-to-your-database"> +<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Connecting to your Database</a><a class="headerlink" href="#connecting-to-your-database" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>When a model is loaded it does <strong>NOT</strong> connect automatically to your +database. The following options for connecting are available to you:</p> +<ul> +<li><p class="first">You can connect using the standard database methods <a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html"><span class="doc">described +here</span></a>, either from within your +Controller class or your Model class.</p> +</li> +<li><p class="first">You can tell the model loading method to auto-connect by passing +TRUE (boolean) via the third parameter, and connectivity settings, +as defined in your database config file will be used:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'model_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</li> +<li><p class="first">You can manually pass database connectivity settings via the third +parameter:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'hostname'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'localhost'</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'username'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'myusername'</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'mypassword'</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'database'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'mydatabase'</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'dbdriver'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'mysqli'</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'dbprefix'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'pconnect'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'db_debug'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span> + +<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'model_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</li> +</ul> +</div> +</div> + + + </div> + <footer> + + <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> + + <a href="helpers.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Helper Functions">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a> + + + <a href="views.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Views"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a> + + </div> + + + <hr/> + + <div role="contentinfo"> + <p> + © Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology. + Last updated on Mar 22, 2018. + </p> + </div> + + Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>. + +</footer> + </div> + </div> + + </section> + + </div> + + + + + + <script type="text/javascript"> + var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { + URL_ROOT:'../', + VERSION:'3.1.8', + COLLAPSE_INDEX:false, + FILE_SUFFIX:'.html', + HAS_SOURCE: false + }; + </script> + <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> + <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> + + + + + + <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/theme.js"></script> + + + + + <script type="text/javascript"> + jQuery(function () { + SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable(); + }); + </script> + + +</body> +</html>
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