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diff --git a/user_guide/general/routing.html b/user_guide/general/routing.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c2d06d55c --- /dev/null +++ b/user_guide/general/routing.html @@ -0,0 +1,689 @@ + + +<!DOCTYPE html> +<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]--> +<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]--> +<head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> + + <title>URI Routing — CodeIgniter 3.1.10 documentation</title> + + + + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/> + + + + <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> + + + + + + + + + + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" /> + + + + <link rel="index" title="Index" + href="../genindex.html"/> + <link rel="search" title="Search" 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Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> + + + + </div> + + </nav> + + <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap"> + + + <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation"> + <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i> + <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a> + </nav> + + + + <div class="wy-nav-content"> + <div class="rst-content"> + <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation"> + <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs"> + <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> »</li> + + <li><a href="index.html">General Topics</a> »</li> + + <li>URI Routing</li> + <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside"> + + </li> + <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe"> + <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" /> + </div> + </ul> + <hr/> +</div> + <div role="main" class="document"> + + <div class="section" id="uri-routing"> +<h1>URI Routing<a class="headerlink" href="#uri-routing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> +<p>Typically there is a one-to-one relationship between a URL string and +its corresponding controller class/method. The segments in a URI +normally follow this pattern:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">class</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">function</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">id</span><span class="o">/</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>In some instances, however, you may want to remap this relationship so +that a different class/method can be called instead of the one +corresponding to the URL.</p> +<p>For example, let’s say you want your URLs to have this prototype:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">product</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span> +<span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">product</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">/</span> +<span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">product</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">/</span> +<span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">product</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">/</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Normally the second segment of the URL is reserved for the method +name, but in the example above it instead has a product ID. To +overcome this, CodeIgniter allows you to remap the URI handler.</p> +<div class="section" id="setting-your-own-routing-rules"> +<h2>Setting your own routing rules<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-your-own-routing-rules" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Routing rules are defined in your <em>application/config/routes.php</em> file. +In it you’ll see an array called <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$route</span></code> that permits you to specify +your own routing criteria. Routes can either be specified using wildcards +or Regular Expressions.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="wildcards"> +<h2>Wildcards<a class="headerlink" href="#wildcards" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>A typical wildcard route might look something like this:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'product/:num'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'catalog/product_lookup'</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>In a route, the array key contains the URI to be matched, while the +array value contains the destination it should be re-routed to. In the +above example, if the literal word “product” is found in the first +segment of the URL, and a number is found in the second segment, the +“catalog” class and the “product_lookup” method are instead used.</p> +<p>You can match literal values or you can use two wildcard types:</p> +<p><strong>(:num)</strong> will match a segment containing only numbers. +<strong>(:any)</strong> will match a segment containing any character (except for ‘/’, which is the segment delimiter).</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">Wildcards are actually aliases for regular expressions, with +<strong>:any</strong> being translated to <strong>[^/]+</strong> and <strong>:num</strong> to <strong>[0-9]+</strong>, +respectively.</p> +</div> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">Routes will run in the order they are defined. Higher routes +will always take precedence over lower ones.</p> +</div> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">Route rules are not filters! Setting a rule of e.g. +‘foo/bar/(:num)’ will not prevent controller <em>Foo</em> and method +<em>bar</em> to be called with a non-numeric value if that is a valid +route.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="examples"> +<h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Here are a few routing examples:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'journals'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'blogs'</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>A URL containing the word “journals” in the first segment will be +remapped to the “blogs” class.</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'blog/joe'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'blogs/users/34'</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>A URL containing the segments blog/joe will be remapped to the “blogs” +class and the “users” method. The ID will be set to “34”.</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'product/(:any)'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'catalog/product_lookup'</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>A URL with “product” as the first segment, and anything in the second +will be remapped to the “catalog” class and the “product_lookup” +method.</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'product/(:num)'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'catalog/product_lookup_by_id/$1'</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>A URL with “product” as the first segment, and a number in the second +will be remapped to the “catalog” class and the +“product_lookup_by_id” method passing in the match as a variable to +the method.</p> +<div class="admonition important"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p> +<p class="last">Do not use leading/trailing slashes.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="regular-expressions"> +<h2>Regular Expressions<a class="headerlink" href="#regular-expressions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>If you prefer you can use regular expressions to define your routing +rules. Any valid regular expression is allowed, as are back-references.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">If you use back-references you must use the dollar syntax +rather than the double backslash syntax.</p> +</div> +<p>A typical RegEx route might look something like this:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'products/([a-z]+)/(\d+)'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'$1/id_$2'</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>In the above example, a URI similar to products/shirts/123 would instead +call the “shirts” controller class and the “id_123” method.</p> +<p>With regular expressions, you can also catch multiple segments at once. +For example, if a user accesses a password protected area of your web +application and you wish to be able to redirect them back to the same +page after they log in, you may find this example useful:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'login/(.+)'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'auth/login/$1'</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">In the above example, if the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$1</span></code> placeholder contains a +slash, it will still be split into multiple parameters when +passed to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Auth::login()</span></code>.</p> +</div> +<p>For those of you who don’t know regular expressions and want to learn +more about them, <a class="reference external" href="http://www.regular-expressions.info/">regular-expressions.info</a> +might be a good starting point.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">You can also mix and match wildcards with regular expressions.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="callbacks"> +<h2>Callbacks<a class="headerlink" href="#callbacks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>You can also use callbacks in place of the normal routing rules to process +the back-references. Example:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'products/([a-zA-Z]+)/edit/(\d+)'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$product_type</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$id</span><span class="p">)</span> +<span class="p">{</span> + <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">'catalog/product_edit/'</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="nb">strtolower</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$product_type</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="s1">'/'</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="nv">$id</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="p">};</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="using-http-verbs-in-routes"> +<h2>Using HTTP verbs in routes<a class="headerlink" href="#using-http-verbs-in-routes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>It is possible to use HTTP verbs (request method) to define your routing rules. +This is particularly useful when building RESTful applications. You can use standard HTTP +verbs (GET, PUT, POST, DELETE, PATCH) or a custom one such (e.g. PURGE). HTTP verb rules +are case-insensitive. All you need to do is to add the verb as an array key to your route. +Example:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'products'</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">'put'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'product/insert'</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>In the above example, a PUT request to URI “products” would call the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Product::insert()</span></code> +controller method.</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'products/(:num)'</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">'DELETE'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'product/delete/$1'</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>A DELETE request to URL with “products” as first the segment and a number in the second will be +mapped to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Product::delete()</span></code> method, passing the numeric value as the first parameter.</p> +<p>Using HTTP verbs is of course, optional.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="reserved-routes"> +<h2>Reserved Routes<a class="headerlink" href="#reserved-routes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>There are three reserved routes:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'default_controller'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'welcome'</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>This route points to the action that should be executed if the URI contains +no data, which will be the case when people load your root URL. +The setting accepts a <strong>controller/method</strong> value and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">index()</span></code> would be +the default method if you don’t specify one. In the above example, it is +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Welcome::index()</span></code> that would be called.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">You can NOT use a directory as a part of this setting!</p> +</div> +<p>You are encouraged to always have a default route as otherwise a 404 page +will appear by default.</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'404_override'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>This route indicates which controller class should be loaded if the +requested controller is not found. It will override the default 404 +error page. Same per-directory rules as with ‘default_controller’ +apply here as well.</p> +<p>It won’t affect to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">show_404()</span></code> function, which will +continue loading the default <em>error_404.php</em> file at +<em>application/views/errors/error_404.php</em>.</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'translate_uri_dashes'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>As evident by the boolean value, this is not exactly a route. This +option enables you to automatically replace dashes (‘-‘) with +underscores in the controller and method URI segments, thus saving you +additional route entries if you need to do that. +This is required, because the dash isn’t a valid class or method name +character and would cause a fatal error if you try to use it.</p> +</div> +</div> + + + </div> + <footer> + + <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> + + <a href="errors.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Error Handling">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a> + + + <a href="compatibility_functions.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Compatibility Functions"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a> + + </div> + + + <hr/> + + <div role="contentinfo"> + <p> + © Copyright 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology. + Last updated on Jan 16, 2019. + </p> + </div> + + Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>. + +</footer> + </div> + </div> + + </section> + + </div> + + + + + + <script type="text/javascript"> + var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { + URL_ROOT:'../', + VERSION:'3.1.10', + COLLAPSE_INDEX:false, + FILE_SUFFIX:'.html', + HAS_SOURCE: false + }; + </script> + <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> + <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> + + + + + + <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/theme.js"></script> + + + + + <script type="text/javascript"> + jQuery(function () { + SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable(); + }); + </script> + + +</body> +</html>
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