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- <div class="section" id="uri-routing">
-<h1>URI Routing<a class="headerlink" href="#uri-routing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
-<p>Typically there is a one-to-one relationship between a URL string and
-its corresponding controller class/method. The segments in a URI
-normally follow this pattern:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">class</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">function</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">id</span><span class="o">/</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>In some instances, however, you may want to remap this relationship so
-that a different class/method can be called instead of the one
-corresponding to the URL.</p>
-<p>For example, let’s say you want your URLs to have this prototype:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">product</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">/</span>
-<span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">product</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">/</span>
-<span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">product</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">/</span>
-<span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">product</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">/</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Normally the second segment of the URL is reserved for the method
-name, but in the example above it instead has a product ID. To
-overcome this, CodeIgniter allows you to remap the URI handler.</p>
-<div class="section" id="setting-your-own-routing-rules">
-<h2>Setting your own routing rules<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-your-own-routing-rules" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>Routing rules are defined in your <em>application/config/routes.php</em> file.
-In it you’ll see an array called <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$route</span></code> that permits you to specify
-your own routing criteria. Routes can either be specified using wildcards
-or Regular Expressions.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="wildcards">
-<h2>Wildcards<a class="headerlink" href="#wildcards" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>A typical wildcard route might look something like this:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;product/:num&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;catalog/product_lookup&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>In a route, the array key contains the URI to be matched, while the
-array value contains the destination it should be re-routed to. In the
-above example, if the literal word “product” is found in the first
-segment of the URL, and a number is found in the second segment, the
-“catalog” class and the “product_lookup” method are instead used.</p>
-<p>You can match literal values or you can use two wildcard types:</p>
-<p><strong>(:num)</strong> will match a segment containing only numbers.
-<strong>(:any)</strong> will match a segment containing any character (except for ‘/’, which is the segment delimiter).</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">Wildcards are actually aliases for regular expressions, with
-<strong>:any</strong> being translated to <strong>[^/]+</strong> and <strong>:num</strong> to <strong>[0-9]+</strong>,
-respectively.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">Routes will run in the order they are defined. Higher routes
-will always take precedence over lower ones.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">Route rules are not filters! Setting a rule of e.g.
-‘foo/bar/(:num)’ will not prevent controller <em>Foo</em> and method
-<em>bar</em> to be called with a non-numeric value if that is a valid
-route.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="examples">
-<h2>Examples<a class="headerlink" href="#examples" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>Here are a few routing examples:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;journals&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;blogs&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>A URL containing the word “journals” in the first segment will be
-remapped to the “blogs” class.</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;blog/joe&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;blogs/users/34&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>A URL containing the segments blog/joe will be remapped to the “blogs”
-class and the “users” method. The ID will be set to “34”.</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;product/(:any)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;catalog/product_lookup&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>A URL with “product” as the first segment, and anything in the second
-will be remapped to the “catalog” class and the “product_lookup”
-method.</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;product/(:num)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;catalog/product_lookup_by_id/$1&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>A URL with “product” as the first segment, and a number in the second
-will be remapped to the “catalog” class and the
-“product_lookup_by_id” method passing in the match as a variable to
-the method.</p>
-<div class="admonition important">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
-<p class="last">Do not use leading/trailing slashes.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="regular-expressions">
-<h2>Regular Expressions<a class="headerlink" href="#regular-expressions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>If you prefer you can use regular expressions to define your routing
-rules. Any valid regular expression is allowed, as are back-references.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">If you use back-references you must use the dollar syntax
-rather than the double backslash syntax.</p>
-</div>
-<p>A typical RegEx route might look something like this:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;products/([a-z]+)/(\d+)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;$1/id_$2&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>In the above example, a URI similar to products/shirts/123 would instead
-call the “shirts” controller class and the “id_123” method.</p>
-<p>With regular expressions, you can also catch multiple segments at once.
-For example, if a user accesses a password protected area of your web
-application and you wish to be able to redirect them back to the same
-page after they log in, you may find this example useful:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;login/(.+)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;auth/login/$1&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">In the above example, if the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$1</span></code> placeholder contains a
-slash, it will still be split into multiple parameters when
-passed to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Auth::login()</span></code>.</p>
-</div>
-<p>For those of you who don’t know regular expressions and want to learn
-more about them, <a class="reference external" href="http://www.regular-expressions.info/">regular-expressions.info</a>
-might be a good starting point.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">You can also mix and match wildcards with regular expressions.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="callbacks">
-<h2>Callbacks<a class="headerlink" href="#callbacks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>You can also use callbacks in place of the normal routing rules to process
-the back-references. Example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;products/([a-zA-Z]+)/edit/(\d+)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$product_type</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$id</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="k">return</span> <span class="s1">&#39;catalog/product_edit/&#39;</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="nb">strtolower</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$product_type</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="s1">&#39;/&#39;</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="nv">$id</span><span class="p">;</span>
-<span class="p">};</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="using-http-verbs-in-routes">
-<h2>Using HTTP verbs in routes<a class="headerlink" href="#using-http-verbs-in-routes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>It is possible to use HTTP verbs (request method) to define your routing rules.
-This is particularly useful when building RESTful applications. You can use standard HTTP
-verbs (GET, PUT, POST, DELETE, PATCH) or a custom one such (e.g. PURGE). HTTP verb rules
-are case-insensitive. All you need to do is to add the verb as an array key to your route.
-Example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;products&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;put&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;product/insert&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>In the above example, a PUT request to URI “products” would call the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Product::insert()</span></code>
-controller method.</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;products/(:num)&#39;</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="s1">&#39;DELETE&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;product/delete/$1&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>A DELETE request to URL with “products” as first the segment and a number in the second will be
-mapped to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Product::delete()</span></code> method, passing the numeric value as the first parameter.</p>
-<p>Using HTTP verbs is of course, optional.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="reserved-routes">
-<h2>Reserved Routes<a class="headerlink" href="#reserved-routes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>There are three reserved routes:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;default_controller&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;welcome&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>This route points to the action that should be executed if the URI contains
-no data, which will be the case when people load your root URL.
-The setting accepts a <strong>controller/method</strong> value and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">index()</span></code> would be
-the default method if you don’t specify one. In the above example, it is
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Welcome::index()</span></code> that would be called.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">You can NOT use a directory as a part of this setting!</p>
-</div>
-<p>You are encouraged to always have a default route as otherwise a 404 page
-will appear by default.</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;404_override&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>This route indicates which controller class should be loaded if the
-requested controller is not found. It will override the default 404
-error page. Same per-directory rules as with ‘default_controller’
-apply here as well.</p>
-<p>It won’t affect to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">show_404()</span></code> function, which will
-continue loading the default <em>error_404.php</em> file at
-<em>application/views/errors/error_404.php</em>.</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;translate_uri_dashes&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>As evident by the boolean value, this is not exactly a route. This
-option enables you to automatically replace dashes (‘-‘) with
-underscores in the controller and method URI segments, thus saving you
-additional route entries if you need to do that.
-This is required, because the dash isn’t a valid class or method name
-character and would cause a fatal error if you try to use it.</p>
-</div>
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