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diff --git a/user_guide/general/security.html b/user_guide/general/security.html deleted file mode 100644 index f57c99d62..000000000 --- a/user_guide/general/security.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,663 +0,0 @@ - - -<!DOCTYPE html> -<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]--> -<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]--> -<head> - <meta charset="utf-8"> - <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> - - <title>Security — CodeIgniter 3.1.11 documentation</title> - - - - - <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/> - - - - <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> - - - - - - - - - - <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" /> - - - - <link rel="index" title="Index" - href="../genindex.html"/> - <link rel="search" title="Search" 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Helper</a></li> -<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li> -<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li> -</ul> -</li> -</ul> - - - - </div> - - </nav> - - <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap"> - - - <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation"> - <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i> - <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a> - </nav> - - - - <div class="wy-nav-content"> - <div class="rst-content"> - <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation"> - <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs"> - <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> »</li> - - <li><a href="index.html">General Topics</a> »</li> - - <li>Security</li> - <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside"> - - </li> - <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe"> - <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" /> - </div> - </ul> - <hr/> -</div> - <div role="main" class="document"> - - <div class="section" id="security"> -<h1>Security<a class="headerlink" href="#security" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> -<p>This page describes some “best practices” regarding web security, and -details CodeIgniter’s internal security features.</p> -<div class="admonition note"> -<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> -<p class="last">If you came here looking for a security contact, please refer to -our <cite>Contribution Guide <../contributing/index></cite>.</p> -</div> -<div class="section" id="uri-security"> -<h2>URI Security<a class="headerlink" href="#uri-security" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> -<p>CodeIgniter is fairly restrictive regarding which characters it allows -in your URI strings in order to help minimize the possibility that -malicious data can be passed to your application. URIs may only contain -the following:</p> -<ul class="simple"> -<li>Alpha-numeric text (latin characters only)</li> -<li>Tilde: ~</li> -<li>Percent sign: %</li> -<li>Period: .</li> -<li>Colon: :</li> -<li>Underscore: _</li> -<li>Dash: -</li> -<li>Space</li> -</ul> -</div> -<div class="section" id="register-globals"> -<h2>Register_globals<a class="headerlink" href="#register-globals" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> -<p>During system initialization all global variables that are found to exist -in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_GET</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_POST</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_REQUEST</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_COOKIE</span></code> are unset.</p> -<p>The unsetting routine is effectively the same as <em>register_globals = off</em>.</p> -</div> -<div class="section" id="display-errors"> -<h2>display_errors<a class="headerlink" href="#display-errors" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> -<p>In production environments, it is typically desirable to “disable” PHP’s -error reporting by setting the internal <em>display_errors</em> flag to a value -of 0. This disables native PHP errors from being rendered as output, -which may potentially contain sensitive information.</p> -<p>Setting CodeIgniter’s <strong>ENVIRONMENT</strong> constant in index.php to a value of -<strong>‘production’</strong> will turn off these errors. In development mode, it is -recommended that a value of ‘development’ is used. More information -about differentiating between environments can be found on the -<a class="reference internal" href="environments.html"><span class="doc">Handling Environments</span></a> page.</p> -</div> -<div class="section" id="magic-quotes-runtime"> -<h2>magic_quotes_runtime<a class="headerlink" href="#magic-quotes-runtime" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> -<p>The <em>magic_quotes_runtime</em> directive is turned off during system -initialization so that you don’t have to remove slashes when retrieving -data from your database.</p> -<div class="section" id="best-practices"> -<h3>Best Practices<a class="headerlink" href="#best-practices" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> -<p>Before accepting any data into your application, whether it be POST data -from a form submission, COOKIE data, URI data, XML-RPC data, or even -data from the SERVER array, you are encouraged to practice this three -step approach:</p> -<ol class="arabic simple"> -<li>Validate the data to ensure it conforms to the correct type, length, -size, etc.</li> -<li>Filter the data as if it were tainted.</li> -<li>Escape the data before submitting it into your database or outputting -it to a browser.</li> -</ol> -<p>CodeIgniter provides the following functions and tips to assist you -in this process:</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="section" id="xss-filtering"> -<h2>XSS Filtering<a class="headerlink" href="#xss-filtering" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> -<p>CodeIgniter comes with a Cross Site Scripting filter. This filter -looks for commonly used techniques to embed malicious JavaScript into -your data, or other types of code that attempt to hijack cookies or -do other malicious things. The XSS Filter is described -<a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html"><span class="doc">here</span></a>.</p> -<div class="admonition note"> -<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> -<p class="last">XSS filtering should <em>only be performed on output</em>. Filtering -input data may modify the data in undesirable ways, including -stripping special characters from passwords, which reduces -security instead of improving it.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="section" id="csrf-protection"> -<h2>CSRF protection<a class="headerlink" href="#csrf-protection" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> -<p>CSRF stands for Cross-Site Request Forgery, which is the process of an -attacker tricking their victim into unknowingly submitting a request.</p> -<p>CodeIgniter provides CSRF protection out of the box, which will get -automatically triggered for every non-GET HTTP request, but also needs -you to create your submit forms in a certain way. This is explained in -the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html"><span class="doc">Security Library</span></a> documentation.</p> -</div> -<div class="section" id="password-handling"> -<h2>Password handling<a class="headerlink" href="#password-handling" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> -<p>It is <em>critical</em> that you handle passwords in your application properly.</p> -<p>Unfortunately, many developers don’t know how to do that, and the web is -full of outdated or otherwise wrongful advices, which doesn’t help.</p> -<p>We would like to give you a list of combined do’s and don’ts to help you -with that. Please read below.</p> -<ul> -<li><p class="first">DO NOT store passwords in plain-text format.</p> -<p>Always <strong>hash</strong> your passwords.</p> -</li> -<li><p class="first">DO NOT use Base64 or similar encoding for storing passwords.</p> -<p>This is as good as storing them in plain-text. Really. Do <strong>hashing</strong>, -not <em>encoding</em>.</p> -<p>Encoding, and encryption too, are two-way processes. Passwords are -secrets that must only be known to their owner, and thus must work -only in one direction. Hashing does that - there’s <em>no</em> un-hashing or -de-hashing, but there is decoding and decryption.</p> -</li> -<li><p class="first">DO NOT use weak or broken hashing algorithms like MD5 or SHA1.</p> -<p>These algorithms are old, proven to be flawed, and not designed for -password hashing in the first place.</p> -<p>Also, DON’T invent your own algorithms.</p> -<p>Only use strong password hashing algorithms like BCrypt, which is used -in PHP’s own <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/password">Password Hashing</a> functions.</p> -<p>Please use them, even if you’re not running PHP 5.5+, CodeIgniter -provides them for you.</p> -</li> -<li><p class="first">DO NOT ever display or send a password in plain-text format!</p> -<p>Even to the password’s owner, if you need a “Forgotten password” -feature, just randomly generate a new, one-time (this is also important) -password and send that instead.</p> -</li> -<li><p class="first">DO NOT put unnecessary limits on your users’ passwords.</p> -<p>If you’re using a hashing algorithm other than BCrypt (which has a limit -of 72 characters), you should set a relatively high limit on password -lengths in order to mitigate DoS attacks - say, 1024 characters.</p> -<p>Other than that however, there’s no point in forcing a rule that a -password can only be up to a number of characters, or that it can’t -contain a certain set of special characters.</p> -<p>Not only does this <strong>reduce</strong> security instead of improving it, but -there’s literally no reason to do it. No technical limitations and -no (practical) storage constraints apply once you’ve hashed them, none!</p> -</li> -</ul> -</div> -<div class="section" id="validate-input-data"> -<h2>Validate input data<a class="headerlink" href="#validate-input-data" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> -<p>CodeIgniter has a <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><span class="doc">Form Validation Library</span></a> that assists you in -validating, filtering, and prepping your data.</p> -<p>Even if that doesn’t work for your use case however, be sure to always -validate and sanitize all input data. For example, if you expect a numeric -string for an input variable, you can check for that with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">is_numeric()</span></code> -or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ctype_digit()</span></code>. Always try to narrow down your checks to a certain -pattern.</p> -<p>Have it in mind that this includes not only <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_POST</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_GET</span></code> -variables, but also cookies, the user-agent string and basically -<em>all data that is not created directly by your own code</em>.</p> -</div> -<div class="section" id="escape-all-data-before-database-insertion"> -<h2>Escape all data before database insertion<a class="headerlink" href="#escape-all-data-before-database-insertion" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> -<p>Never insert information into your database without escaping it. -Please see the section that discusses <a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html"><span class="doc">database queries</span></a> for more information.</p> -</div> -<div class="section" id="hide-your-files"> -<h2>Hide your files<a class="headerlink" href="#hide-your-files" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> -<p>Another good security practice is to only leave your <em>index.php</em> -and “assets” (e.g. .js, css and image files) under your server’s -<em>webroot</em> directory (most commonly named “htdocs/”). These are -the only files that you would need to be accessible from the web.</p> -<p>Allowing your visitors to see anything else would potentially -allow them to access sensitive data, execute scripts, etc.</p> -<p>If you’re not allowed to do that, you can try using a .htaccess -file to restrict access to those resources.</p> -<p>CodeIgniter will have an index.html file in all of its -directories in an attempt to hide some of this data, but have -it in mind that this is not enough to prevent a serious -attacker.</p> -</div> -</div> - - - </div> - <footer> - - <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> - - <a href="styleguide.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="PHP Style Guide">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a> - - - <a href="alternative_php.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a> - - </div> - - - <hr/> - - <div role="contentinfo"> - <p> - © Copyright 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology. - Last updated on Sep 19, 2019. - </p> - </div> - - Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>. - -</footer> - </div> - </div> - - </section> - - </div> - - - - - - <script type="text/javascript"> - var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { - URL_ROOT:'../', - VERSION:'3.1.11', - COLLAPSE_INDEX:false, - FILE_SUFFIX:'.html', - HAS_SOURCE: false - }; - </script> - <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> - <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> - <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> - - - - - - <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/theme.js"></script> - - - - - <script type="text/javascript"> - jQuery(function () { - SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable(); - }); - </script> - - -</body> -</html>
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