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diff --git a/user_guide/general/views.html b/user_guide/general/views.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ae4818f74 --- /dev/null +++ b/user_guide/general/views.html @@ -0,0 +1,704 @@ + + +<!DOCTYPE html> +<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]--> +<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]--> +<head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> + + <title>Views — CodeIgniter 3.1.7 documentation</title> + + + + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/> + + + + <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> + + + + + + + + + + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" /> + + + + <link rel="index" title="Index" + href="../genindex.html"/> + <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html"/> + 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Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<ul> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a 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href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<ul> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> + + + + </div> + + </nav> + + <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap"> + + + <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation"> + <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i> + <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a> + </nav> + + + + <div class="wy-nav-content"> + <div class="rst-content"> + <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation"> + <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs"> + <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> »</li> + + <li><a href="index.html">General Topics</a> »</li> + + <li>Views</li> + <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside"> + + </li> + <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe"> + <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" /> + </div> + </ul> + <hr/> +</div> + <div role="main" class="document"> + + <div class="section" id="views"> +<h1>Views<a class="headerlink" href="#views" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> +<p>A view is simply a web page, or a page fragment, like a header, footer, +sidebar, etc. In fact, views can flexibly be embedded within other views +(within other views, etc., etc.) if you need this type of hierarchy.</p> +<p>Views are never called directly, they must be loaded by a +<a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html"><span class="doc">controller</span></a>. Remember that in an MVC framework, the +Controller acts as the traffic cop, so it is responsible for fetching a +particular view. If you have not read the +<a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html"><span class="doc">Controllers</span></a> page you should do so before +continuing.</p> +<p>Using the example controller you created in the +<a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html"><span class="doc">controller</span></a> page, let’s add a view to it.</p> +<div class="section" id="creating-a-view"> +<h2>Creating a View<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-view" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Using your text editor, create a file called blogview.php, and put this +in it:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">></span> +<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">></span> + <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">My</span> <span class="nx">Blog</span><span class="o"></</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">></span> +<span class="o"></</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">></span> +<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="o">></span> + <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">></span><span class="nx">Welcome</span> <span class="nx">to</span> <span class="nx">my</span> <span class="nx">Blog</span><span class="o">!</</span><span class="nx">h1</span><span class="o">></span> +<span class="o"></</span><span class="nx">body</span><span class="o">></span> +<span class="o"></</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">></span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Then save the file in your <em>application/views/</em> directory.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="loading-a-view"> +<h2>Loading a View<a class="headerlink" href="#loading-a-view" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>To load a particular view file you will use the following method:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'name'</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Where name is the name of your view file.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">The .php file extension does not need to be specified +unless you use something other than .php.</p> +</div> +<p>Now, open the controller file you made earlier called Blog.php, and +replace the echo statement with the view loading method:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><?</span><span class="nx">php</span> +<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span> + + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span> + <span class="p">{</span> + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blogview'</span><span class="p">);</span> + <span class="p">}</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>If you visit your site using the URL you did earlier you should see your +new view. The URL was similar to this:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">example</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">index</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">blog</span><span class="o">/</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="loading-multiple-views"> +<h2>Loading multiple views<a class="headerlink" href="#loading-multiple-views" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>CodeIgniter will intelligently handle multiple calls to +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this->load->view()</span></code> from within a controller. If more than one call +happens they will be appended together. For example, you may wish to +have a header view, a menu view, a content view, and a footer view. That +might look something like this:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><?</span><span class="nx">php</span> + +<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Page</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span> + + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span> + <span class="p">{</span> + <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'page_title'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'Your title'</span><span class="p">;</span> + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'header'</span><span class="p">);</span> + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'menu'</span><span class="p">);</span> + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'content'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span> + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'footer'</span><span class="p">);</span> + <span class="p">}</span> + +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>In the example above, we are using “dynamically added data”, which you +will see below.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="storing-views-within-sub-directories"> +<h2>Storing Views within Sub-directories<a class="headerlink" href="#storing-views-within-sub-directories" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Your view files can also be stored within sub-directories if you prefer +that type of organization. When doing so you will need to include the +directory name loading the view. Example:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'directory_name/file_name'</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="adding-dynamic-data-to-the-view"> +<h2>Adding Dynamic Data to the View<a class="headerlink" href="#adding-dynamic-data-to-the-view" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Data is passed from the controller to the view by way of an <strong>array</strong> or +an <strong>object</strong> in the second parameter of the view loading method. Here +is an example using an array:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span> + <span class="s1">'title'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s1">'My Title'</span><span class="p">,</span> + <span class="s1">'heading'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s1">'My Heading'</span><span class="p">,</span> + <span class="s1">'message'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s1">'My Message'</span> +<span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blogview'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>And here’s an example using an object:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nx">Someclass</span><span class="p">();</span> +<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blogview'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">If you use an object, the class variables will be turned +into array elements.</p> +</div> +<p>Let’s try it with your controller file. Open it add this code:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><?</span><span class="nx">php</span> +<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span> + + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span> + <span class="p">{</span> + <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"My Real Title"</span><span class="p">;</span> + <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'heading'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"My Real Heading"</span><span class="p">;</span> + + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blogview'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span> + <span class="p">}</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Now open your view file and change the text to variables that correspond +to the array keys in your data:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">></span> +<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">></span> + <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">><?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?></span><span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">title</span><span class="p">></span> +<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">head</span><span class="p">></span> +<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">></span> + <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">></span><span class="cp"><?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$heading</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?></span><span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">></span> +<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">></span> +<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">></span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Then load the page at the URL you’ve been using and you should see the +variables replaced.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="creating-loops"> +<h2>Creating Loops<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-loops" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>The data array you pass to your view files is not limited to simple +variables. You can pass multi dimensional arrays, which can be looped to +generate multiple rows. For example, if you pull data from your database +it will typically be in the form of a multi-dimensional array.</p> +<p>Here’s a simple example. Add this to your controller:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><?</span><span class="nx">php</span> +<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span> + + <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">index</span><span class="p">()</span> + <span class="p">{</span> + <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'todo_list'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Clean House'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Call Mom'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Run Errands'</span><span class="p">);</span> + + <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"My Real Title"</span><span class="p">;</span> + <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'heading'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"My Real Heading"</span><span class="p">;</span> + + <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blogview'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span> + <span class="p">}</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Now open your view file and create a loop:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">html</span><span class="o">></span> +<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">head</span><span class="o">></span> + <span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">title</span><span class="o">><?</span><span class="nx">php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?></span><span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">title</span><span class="p">></span> +<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">head</span><span class="p">></span> +<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">></span> + <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">></span><span class="cp"><?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$heading</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?></span><span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">h1</span><span class="p">></span> + + <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">h3</span><span class="p">></span>My Todo List<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">h3</span><span class="p">></span> + + <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">></span> + <span class="cp"><?php</span> <span class="k">foreach</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$todo_list</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nv">$item</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="cp">?></span> + + <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">></span><span class="cp"><?php</span> <span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$item</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?></span><span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">li</span><span class="p">></span> + + <span class="cp"><?php</span> <span class="k">endforeach</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="cp">?></span> + <span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">ul</span><span class="p">></span> + +<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">body</span><span class="p">></span> +<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">html</span><span class="p">></span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">You’ll notice that in the example above we are using PHP’s +alternative syntax. If you are not familiar with it you can read about +it <a class="reference internal" href="alternative_php.html"><span class="doc">here</span></a>.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="returning-views-as-data"> +<h2>Returning views as data<a class="headerlink" href="#returning-views-as-data" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>There is a third <strong>optional</strong> parameter lets you change the behavior of +the method so that it returns data as a string rather than sending it +to your browser. This can be useful if you want to process the data in +some way. If you set the parameter to TRUE (boolean) it will return +data. The default behavior is false, which sends it to your browser. +Remember to assign it to a variable if you want the data returned:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'myfile'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</div> +</div> + + + </div> + <footer> + + <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> + + <a href="models.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Models">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a> + + + <a href="reserved_names.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Reserved Names"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a> + + </div> + + + <hr/> + + <div role="contentinfo"> + <p> + © Copyright 2014 - 2018, British Columbia Institute of Technology. + Last updated on Jan 13, 2018. + </p> + </div> + + Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>. + +</footer> + </div> + </div> + + </section> + + </div> + + + + + + <script type="text/javascript"> + var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { + URL_ROOT:'../', + VERSION:'3.1.7', + COLLAPSE_INDEX:false, + FILE_SUFFIX:'.html', + HAS_SOURCE: false + }; + </script> + <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> + <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> + + + + + + <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/theme.js"></script> + + + + + <script type="text/javascript"> + jQuery(function () { + SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable(); + }); + </script> + + +</body> +</html>
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