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@@ -1,475 +1,475 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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-<head>
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-<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
-<title>Form Helper : CodeIgniter User Guide</title>
-
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-<tr>
-<td><h1>CodeIgniter User Guide Version 1.7</h1></td>
-<td id="breadcrumb_right"><a href="../toc.html">Table of Contents Page</a></td>
-</tr>
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-<a href="http://codeigniter.com/">CodeIgniter Home</a> &nbsp;&#8250;&nbsp;
-<a href="../index.html">User Guide Home</a> &nbsp;&#8250;&nbsp;
-Form Helper
-</td>
-<td id="searchbox"><form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search"><input type="hidden" name="as_sitesearch" id="as_sitesearch" value="codeigniter.com/user_guide/" />Search User Guide&nbsp; <input type="text" class="input" style="width:200px;" name="q" id="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="" />&nbsp;<input type="submit" class="submit" name="sa" value="Go" /></form></td>
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-
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-
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-<!-- START CONTENT -->
-<div id="content">
-
-
-<h1>Form Helper</h1>
-
-<p>The Form Helper file contains functions that assist in working with forms.</p>
-
-
-<h2>Loading this Helper</h2>
-
-<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
-<code>$this->load->helper('form');</code>
-
-<p>The following functions are available:</p>
-
-
-
-<h2>form_open()</h2>
-
-<p>Creates an opening form tag with a base URL <strong>built from your config preferences</strong>. It will optionally let you
-add form attributes and hidden input fields.</p>
-
-<p>The main benefit of using this tag rather than hard coding your own HTML is that it permits your site to be more portable
-in the event your URLs ever change.</p>
-
-<p>Here's a simple example:</p>
-
-<code>echo form_open('email/send');</code>
-
-<p>The above example would create a form that points to your base URL plus the "email/send" URI segments, like this:</p>
-
-<code>&lt;form method="post" action="http:/example.com/index.php/email/send" /></code>
-
-<h4>Adding Attributes</h4>
-
-<p>Attributes can be added by passing an associative array to the second parameter, like this:</p>
-
-<code>
-$attributes = array('class' => 'email', 'id' => 'myform');<br />
-<br />
-echo form_open('email/send', $attributes);</code>
-
-<p>The above example would create a form similar to this:</p>
-
-<code>&lt;form method="post" action="http:/example.com/index.php/email/send" &nbsp;class="email" &nbsp;id="myform" /></code>
-
-<h4>Adding Hidden Input Fields</h4>
-
-<p>Hidden fields can be added by passing an associative array to the third parameter, like this:</p>
-
-<code>
-$hidden = array('username' => 'Joe', 'member_id' => '234');<br />
-<br />
-echo form_open('email/send', '', $hidden);</code>
-
-<p>The above example would create a form similar to this:</p>
-
-<code>&lt;form method="post" action="http:/example.com/index.php/email/send"><br />
-&lt;input type="hidden" name="username" value="Joe" /><br />
-&lt;input type="hidden" name="member_id" value="234" /></code>
-
-
-<h2>form_open_multipart()</h2>
-
-<p>This function is absolutely identical to the <dfn>form_open()</dfn> tag above except that it adds a multipart attribute,
-which is necessary if you would like to use the form to upload files with.</p>
-
-<h2>form_hidden()</h2>
-
-<p>Lets you generate hidden input fields. You can either submit a name/value string to create one field:</p>
-
-<code>form_hidden('username', 'johndoe');<br />
-<br />
-// Would produce:<br /><br />
-&lt;input type="hidden" name="username" value="johndoe" /></code>
-
-<p>Or you can submit an associative array to create multiple fields:</p>
-
-<code>$data = array(<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'name'&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'John Doe',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'email' => 'john@example.com',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'url'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'http://example.com'<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;);<br />
-<br />
-echo form_hidden($data);<br />
-<br />
-// Would produce:<br /><br />
-&lt;input type="hidden" name="name" value="John Doe" /><br />
-&lt;input type="hidden" name="email" value="john@example.com" /><br />
-&lt;input type="hidden" name="url" value="http://example.com" /></code>
-
-
-
-
-<h2>form_input()</h2>
-
-<p>Lets you generate a standard text input field. You can minimally pass the field name and value in the first
-and second parameter:</p>
-
-<code>echo form_input('username', 'johndoe');</code>
-
-<p>Or you can pass an associative array containing any data you wish your form to contain:</p>
-
-<code>$data = array(<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'name'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'username',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'id'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'username',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'value'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'johndoe',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'maxlength'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> '100',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'size'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> '50',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'style'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; => 'width:50%',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;);<br />
-<br />
-echo form_input($data);<br />
-<br />
-// Would produce:<br /><br />
-&lt;input type="text" name="username" id="username" value="johndoe" maxlength="100" size="50" style="width:50%" /></code>
-
-<p>If you would like your form to contain some additional data, like JavaScript, you can pass it as a string in the
-third parameter:</p>
-
-<code>$js = 'onClick="some_function()"';<br />
-<br />
-echo form_input('username', 'johndoe', $js);</code>
-
-<h2>form_password()</h2>
-
-<p>This function is identical in all respects to the <dfn>form_input()</dfn> function above
-except that is sets it as a "password" type.</p>
-
-<h2>form_upload()</h2>
-
-<p>This function is identical in all respects to the <dfn>form_input()</dfn> function above
-except that is sets it as a "file" type, allowing it to be used to upload files.</p>
-
-<h2>form_textarea()</h2>
-
-<p>This function is identical in all respects to the <dfn>form_input()</dfn> function above
-except that it generates a "textarea" type. Note: Instead of the "maxlength" and "size" attributes in the above
-example, you will instead specify "rows" and "cols".</p>
-
-
-<h2>form_dropdown()</h2>
-
-<p>Lets you create a standard drop-down field. The first parameter will contain the name of the field,
-the second parameter will contain an associative array of options, and the third parameter will contain the
-value you wish to be selected. You can also pass an array through the third parameter, and CodeIgniter will create a multiple select for you. Example:</p>
-
-<code>$options = array(<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'small'&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'Small Shirt',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'med'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'Medium Shirt',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'large'&nbsp;&nbsp; => 'Large Shirt',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'xlarge' => 'Extra Large Shirt',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;);<br />
-<br />
-$shirts_on_sale = array('small', 'large');<br />
-<br />
-echo form_dropdown('shirts', $options, 'large');<br />
-<br />
-// Would produce:<br />
-<br />
-&lt;select name=&quot;shirts&quot;&gt;<br />
-&lt;option value=&quot;small&quot;&gt;Small Shirt&lt;/option&gt;<br />
-&lt;option value=&quot;med&quot;&gt;Medium Shirt&lt;/option&gt;<br />
-&lt;option value=&quot;large&quot; selected=&quot;selected&quot;&gt;Large Shirt&lt;/option&gt;<br />
-&lt;option value=&quot;xlarge&quot;&gt;Extra Large Shirt&lt;/option&gt;<br />
-&lt;/select&gt;<br />
-<br />
-echo form_dropdown('shirts', $options, $shirts_on_sale);<br />
-<br />
-// Would produce:<br />
-<br />
-&lt;select name=&quot;shirts&quot; multiple=&quot;multiple&quot;&gt;<br />
-&lt;option value=&quot;small&quot; selected=&quot;selected&quot;&gt;Small Shirt&lt;/option&gt;<br />
-&lt;option value=&quot;med&quot;&gt;Medium Shirt&lt;/option&gt;<br />
-&lt;option value=&quot;large&quot; selected=&quot;selected&quot;&gt;Large Shirt&lt;/option&gt;<br />
-&lt;option value=&quot;xlarge&quot;&gt;Extra Large Shirt&lt;/option&gt;<br />
-&lt;/select&gt;</code>
-
-
-<p>If you would like the opening &lt;select> to contain additional data, like JavaScript, you can pass it as a string in the
-fourth parameter:</p>
-
-<code>$js = 'onChange="some_function()"';<br />
-<br />
-echo form_dropdown('shirts', $options, 'large', $js);</code>
-
-
-<h2>form_fieldset()</h2>
-
-<p>Lets you generate fieldset/legend fields.</p>
-<code>echo form_fieldset('Address Information');<br />
-echo &quot;&lt;p&gt;fieldset content here&lt;/p&gt;\n&quot;;<br />
-echo form_fieldset_close();
-<br />
-<br />
-// Produces<br />
-&lt;fieldset&gt;
-<br />
-&lt;legend&gt;Address Information&lt;/legend&gt;
-<br />
-&lt;p&gt;form content here&lt;/p&gt;
-<br />
-&lt;/fieldset&gt;</code>
-<p>Similar to other functions, you can submit an associative array in the second parameter if you prefer to set additional attributes. </p>
-<p><code>$attributes = array('id' =&gt; 'address_info', 'class' =&gt; 'address_info');<br />
- echo form_fieldset('Address Information', $attributes);<br />
-echo &quot;&lt;p&gt;fieldset content here&lt;/p&gt;\n&quot;;<br />
-echo form_fieldset_close(); <br />
-<br />
-// Produces<br />
-&lt;fieldset id=&quot;address_info&quot; class=&quot;address_info&quot;&gt; <br />
-&lt;legend&gt;Address Information&lt;/legend&gt; <br />
-&lt;p&gt;form content here&lt;/p&gt; <br />
-&lt;/fieldset&gt;</code></p>
-<h2>form_fieldset_close()</h2>
-<p>Produces a closing &lt;/fieldset&gt; tag. The only advantage to using this function is it permits you to pass data to it
- which will be added below the tag. For example:</p>
-<code>$string = &quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&quot;;<br />
-<br />
-echo fieldset_close($string);<br />
-<br />
-// Would produce:<br />
-&lt;/fieldset&gt;<br />
-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</code>
-<h2>form_checkbox()</h2>
-<p>Lets you generate a checkbox field. Simple example:</p>
-<code>echo form_checkbox('newsletter', 'accept', TRUE);<br />
-<br />
-// Would produce:<br />
-<br />
-&lt;input type=&quot;checkbox&quot; name=&quot;newsletter&quot; value=&quot;accept&quot; checked=&quot;checked&quot; /&gt;</code>
-<p>The third parameter contains a boolean TRUE/FALSE to determine whether the box should be checked or not.</p>
-<p>Similar to the other form functions in this helper, you can also pass an array of attributes to the function:</p>
-
-<code>$data = array(<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'name'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'newsletter',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'id'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'newsletter',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'value'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'accept',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'checked'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> TRUE,<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'style'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; => 'margin:10px',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;);<br />
-<br />
-echo form_checkbox($data);<br />
-<br />
-// Would produce:<br /><br />
-&lt;input type="checkbox" name="newsletter" id="newsletter" value="accept" checked="checked" style="margin:10px" /></code>
-
-<p>As with other functions, if you would like the tag to contain additional data, like JavaScript, you can pass it as a string in the
-fourth parameter:</p>
-
-<code>$js = 'onClick="some_function()"';<br />
-<br />
- echo form_checkbox('newsletter', 'accept', TRUE, $js)</code>
-
-
-<h2>form_radio()</h2>
-<p>This function is identical in all respects to the <dfn>form_checkbox()</dfn> function above except that is sets it as a "radio" type.</p>
-
-
-<h2>form_submit()</h2>
-
-<p>Lets you generate a standard submit button. Simple example:</p>
-<code>echo form_submit('mysubmit', 'Submit Post!');<br />
-<br />
-// Would produce:<br />
-<br />
-&lt;input type=&quot;submit&quot; name=&quot;mysubmit&quot; value=&quot;Submit Post!&quot; /&gt;</code>
-<p>Similar to other functions, you can submit an associative array in the first parameter if you prefer to set your own attributes.
- The third parameter lets you add extra data to your form, like JavaScript.</p>
-<h2>form_label()</h2>
-<p>Lets you generate a &lt;label&gt;. Simple example:</p>
-<code>echo form_label('What is your Name', 'username');<br />
-<br />
-// Would produce:
-<br />
-&lt;label for=&quot;username&quot;&gt;What is your Name&lt;/label&gt;</code>
-<p>Similar to other functions, you can submit an associative array in the third parameter if you prefer to set additional attributes. </p>
-<p><code>$attributes = array(<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'class' =&gt; 'mycustomclass',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'style' =&gt; 'color: #000;',<br />
-);<br />
- echo form_label('What is your Name', 'username', $attributes);<br />
- <br />
-// Would produce: <br />
-&lt;label for=&quot;username&quot; class=&quot;mycustomclass&quot; style=&quot;color: #000;&quot;&gt;What is your Name&lt;/label&gt;</code></p>
-<h2>form_reset()</h2>
-
-<p>Lets you generate a standard reset button. Use is identical to <dfn>form_submit()</dfn>.</p>
-
-<h2>form_button()</h2>
-
-<p>Lets you generate a standard button element. You can minimally pass the button name and content in the first and second parameter:</p>
-<code>
-echo form_button('name','content');<br />
-<br />
-// Would produce<br />
-&lt;button name="name" type="submit"&gt;Content&lt;/button&gt;
-</code>
-
-Or you can pass an associative array containing any data you wish your form to contain:
-<code>
-$data = array(<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'name' => 'button',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'id' => 'button',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'value' => 'true',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'type' => 'reset',<br />
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'content' => 'Reset'<br />
-);<br />
-<br />
-echo form_button($data);<br />
-<br />
-// Would produce:<br />
-&lt;button name="button" id="button" value="true" type="reset"&gt;Reset&lt;/button&gt;
-</code>
-
-If you would like your form to contain some additional data, like JavaScript, you can pass it as a string in the third parameter:
-<code>
-$js = 'onClick="some_function()"';<br /><br />
-echo form_button('mybutton', 'Click Me', $js);
-</code>
-
-
-<h2>form_close()</h2>
-
-<p>Produces a closing &lt;/form> tag. The only advantage to using this function is it permits you to pass data to it
-which will be added below the tag. For example:</p>
-
-<code>$string = "&lt;/div>&lt;/div>";<br />
-<br />
-echo form_close($string);<br />
-<br />
-// Would produce:<br />
-<br />
-&lt;/form><br />
-&lt;/div>&lt;/div></code>
-
-
-
-
-
-<h2>form_prep()</h2>
-
-<p>Allows you to safely use HTML and characters such as quotes within form elements without breaking out of the form. Consider this example:</p>
-
-<code>$string = 'Here is a string containing <strong>"quoted"</strong> text.';<br />
-<br />
-&lt;input type="text" name="myform" value="<var>$string</var>" /></code>
-
-<p>Since the above string contains a set of quotes it will cause the form to break.
-The form_prep function converts HTML so that it can be used safely:</p>
-
-<code>&lt;input type="text" name="myform" value="<var>&lt;?php echo form_prep($string); ?></var>" /></code>
-
-<p class="important"><strong>Note:</strong> If you use any of the form helper functions listed in this page the form
-values will be prepped automatically, so there is no need to call this function. Use it only if you are
-creating your own form elements.</p>
-
-
-<h2>set_value()</h2>
-
-<p>Permits you to set the value of an input form or textarea. You must supply the field name via the first parameter of the function.
-The second (optional) parameter allows you to set a default value for the form. Example:</p>
-
-<code>&lt;input type="text" name="quantity" value="<dfn>&lt;?php echo set_value('quantity', '0'); ?></dfn>" size="50" /></code>
-
-<p>The above form will show "0" when loaded for the first time.</p>
-
-<h2>set_select()</h2>
-
-<p>If you use a <dfn>&lt;select></dfn> menu, this function permits you to display the menu item that was selected. The first parameter
-must contain the name of the select menu, the second parameter must contain the value of
-each item, and the third (optional) parameter lets you set an item as the default (use boolean TRUE/FALSE).</p>
-
-<p>Example:</p>
-
-<code>
-&lt;select name="myselect"><br />
-&lt;option value="one" <dfn>&lt;?php echo set_select('myselect', 'one', TRUE); ?></dfn> >One&lt;/option><br />
-&lt;option value="two" <dfn>&lt;?php echo set_select('myselect', 'two'); ?></dfn> >Two&lt;/option><br />
-&lt;option value="three" <dfn>&lt;?php echo set_select('myselect', 'three'); ?></dfn> >Three&lt;/option><br />
-&lt;/select>
-</code>
-
-
-<h2>set_checkbox()</h2>
-
-<p>Permits you to display a checkbox in the state it was submitted. The first parameter
-must contain the name of the checkbox, the second parameter must contain its value, and the third (optional) parameter lets you set an item as the default (use boolean TRUE/FALSE). Example:</p>
-
-<code>&lt;input type="checkbox" name="mycheck" value="1" <dfn>&lt;?php echo set_checkbox('mycheck', '1'); ?></dfn> /><br />
-&lt;input type="checkbox" name="mycheck" value="2" <dfn>&lt;?php echo set_checkbox('mycheck', '2'); ?></dfn> /></code>
-
-
-<h2>set_radio()</h2>
-
-<p>Permits you to display radio buttons in the state they were submitted. This function is identical to the <strong>set_checkbox()</strong> function above.</p>
-
-<code>&lt;input type="radio" name="myradio" value="1" <dfn>&lt;?php echo set_radio('myradio', '1', TRUE); ?></dfn> /><br />
-&lt;input type="radio" name="myradio" value="2" <dfn>&lt;?php echo set_radio('myradio', '2'); ?></dfn> /></code>
-
-
-
-
-</div>
-<!-- END CONTENT -->
-
-
-<div id="footer">
-<p>
-Previous Topic:&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a>
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;
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-<a href="../index.html">User Guide Home</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;
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-<p><a href="http://codeigniter.com">CodeIgniter</a> &nbsp;&middot;&nbsp; Copyright &#169; 2006-2008 &nbsp;&middot;&nbsp; <a href="http://ellislab.com/">Ellislab, Inc.</a></p>
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+<div id="nav2"><a name="top"></a><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="myHeight.toggle();"><img src="../images/nav_toggle_darker.jpg" width="154" height="43" border="0" title="Toggle Table of Contents" alt="Toggle Table of Contents" /></a></div>
+<div id="masthead">
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="width:100%">
+<tr>
+<td><h1>CodeIgniter User Guide Version 1.7</h1></td>
+<td id="breadcrumb_right"><a href="../toc.html">Table of Contents Page</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<!-- END NAVIGATION -->
+
+
+<!-- START BREADCRUMB -->
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="width:100%">
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+<td id="breadcrumb">
+<a href="http://codeigniter.com/">CodeIgniter Home</a> &nbsp;&#8250;&nbsp;
+<a href="../index.html">User Guide Home</a> &nbsp;&#8250;&nbsp;
+Form Helper
+</td>
+<td id="searchbox"><form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search"><input type="hidden" name="as_sitesearch" id="as_sitesearch" value="codeigniter.com/user_guide/" />Search User Guide&nbsp; <input type="text" class="input" style="width:200px;" name="q" id="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="" />&nbsp;<input type="submit" class="submit" name="sa" value="Go" /></form></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<!-- END BREADCRUMB -->
+
+<br clear="all" />
+
+
+<!-- START CONTENT -->
+<div id="content">
+
+
+<h1>Form Helper</h1>
+
+<p>The Form Helper file contains functions that assist in working with forms.</p>
+
+
+<h2>Loading this Helper</h2>
+
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<code>$this->load->helper('form');</code>
+
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+
+
+
+<h2>form_open()</h2>
+
+<p>Creates an opening form tag with a base URL <strong>built from your config preferences</strong>. It will optionally let you
+add form attributes and hidden input fields.</p>
+
+<p>The main benefit of using this tag rather than hard coding your own HTML is that it permits your site to be more portable
+in the event your URLs ever change.</p>
+
+<p>Here's a simple example:</p>
+
+<code>echo form_open('email/send');</code>
+
+<p>The above example would create a form that points to your base URL plus the "email/send" URI segments, like this:</p>
+
+<code>&lt;form method="post" action="http:/example.com/index.php/email/send" /></code>
+
+<h4>Adding Attributes</h4>
+
+<p>Attributes can be added by passing an associative array to the second parameter, like this:</p>
+
+<code>
+$attributes = array('class' => 'email', 'id' => 'myform');<br />
+<br />
+echo form_open('email/send', $attributes);</code>
+
+<p>The above example would create a form similar to this:</p>
+
+<code>&lt;form method="post" action="http:/example.com/index.php/email/send" &nbsp;class="email" &nbsp;id="myform" /></code>
+
+<h4>Adding Hidden Input Fields</h4>
+
+<p>Hidden fields can be added by passing an associative array to the third parameter, like this:</p>
+
+<code>
+$hidden = array('username' => 'Joe', 'member_id' => '234');<br />
+<br />
+echo form_open('email/send', '', $hidden);</code>
+
+<p>The above example would create a form similar to this:</p>
+
+<code>&lt;form method="post" action="http:/example.com/index.php/email/send"><br />
+&lt;input type="hidden" name="username" value="Joe" /><br />
+&lt;input type="hidden" name="member_id" value="234" /></code>
+
+
+<h2>form_open_multipart()</h2>
+
+<p>This function is absolutely identical to the <dfn>form_open()</dfn> tag above except that it adds a multipart attribute,
+which is necessary if you would like to use the form to upload files with.</p>
+
+<h2>form_hidden()</h2>
+
+<p>Lets you generate hidden input fields. You can either submit a name/value string to create one field:</p>
+
+<code>form_hidden('username', 'johndoe');<br />
+<br />
+// Would produce:<br /><br />
+&lt;input type="hidden" name="username" value="johndoe" /></code>
+
+<p>Or you can submit an associative array to create multiple fields:</p>
+
+<code>$data = array(<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'name'&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'John Doe',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'email' => 'john@example.com',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'url'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'http://example.com'<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;);<br />
+<br />
+echo form_hidden($data);<br />
+<br />
+// Would produce:<br /><br />
+&lt;input type="hidden" name="name" value="John Doe" /><br />
+&lt;input type="hidden" name="email" value="john@example.com" /><br />
+&lt;input type="hidden" name="url" value="http://example.com" /></code>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>form_input()</h2>
+
+<p>Lets you generate a standard text input field. You can minimally pass the field name and value in the first
+and second parameter:</p>
+
+<code>echo form_input('username', 'johndoe');</code>
+
+<p>Or you can pass an associative array containing any data you wish your form to contain:</p>
+
+<code>$data = array(<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'name'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'username',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'id'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'username',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'value'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'johndoe',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'maxlength'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> '100',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'size'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> '50',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'style'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; => 'width:50%',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;);<br />
+<br />
+echo form_input($data);<br />
+<br />
+// Would produce:<br /><br />
+&lt;input type="text" name="username" id="username" value="johndoe" maxlength="100" size="50" style="width:50%" /></code>
+
+<p>If you would like your form to contain some additional data, like JavaScript, you can pass it as a string in the
+third parameter:</p>
+
+<code>$js = 'onClick="some_function()"';<br />
+<br />
+echo form_input('username', 'johndoe', $js);</code>
+
+<h2>form_password()</h2>
+
+<p>This function is identical in all respects to the <dfn>form_input()</dfn> function above
+except that is sets it as a "password" type.</p>
+
+<h2>form_upload()</h2>
+
+<p>This function is identical in all respects to the <dfn>form_input()</dfn> function above
+except that is sets it as a "file" type, allowing it to be used to upload files.</p>
+
+<h2>form_textarea()</h2>
+
+<p>This function is identical in all respects to the <dfn>form_input()</dfn> function above
+except that it generates a "textarea" type. Note: Instead of the "maxlength" and "size" attributes in the above
+example, you will instead specify "rows" and "cols".</p>
+
+
+<h2>form_dropdown()</h2>
+
+<p>Lets you create a standard drop-down field. The first parameter will contain the name of the field,
+the second parameter will contain an associative array of options, and the third parameter will contain the
+value you wish to be selected. You can also pass an array through the third parameter, and CodeIgniter will create a multiple select for you. Example:</p>
+
+<code>$options = array(<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'small'&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'Small Shirt',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'med'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'Medium Shirt',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'large'&nbsp;&nbsp; => 'Large Shirt',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'xlarge' => 'Extra Large Shirt',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;);<br />
+<br />
+$shirts_on_sale = array('small', 'large');<br />
+<br />
+echo form_dropdown('shirts', $options, 'large');<br />
+<br />
+// Would produce:<br />
+<br />
+&lt;select name=&quot;shirts&quot;&gt;<br />
+&lt;option value=&quot;small&quot;&gt;Small Shirt&lt;/option&gt;<br />
+&lt;option value=&quot;med&quot;&gt;Medium Shirt&lt;/option&gt;<br />
+&lt;option value=&quot;large&quot; selected=&quot;selected&quot;&gt;Large Shirt&lt;/option&gt;<br />
+&lt;option value=&quot;xlarge&quot;&gt;Extra Large Shirt&lt;/option&gt;<br />
+&lt;/select&gt;<br />
+<br />
+echo form_dropdown('shirts', $options, $shirts_on_sale);<br />
+<br />
+// Would produce:<br />
+<br />
+&lt;select name=&quot;shirts&quot; multiple=&quot;multiple&quot;&gt;<br />
+&lt;option value=&quot;small&quot; selected=&quot;selected&quot;&gt;Small Shirt&lt;/option&gt;<br />
+&lt;option value=&quot;med&quot;&gt;Medium Shirt&lt;/option&gt;<br />
+&lt;option value=&quot;large&quot; selected=&quot;selected&quot;&gt;Large Shirt&lt;/option&gt;<br />
+&lt;option value=&quot;xlarge&quot;&gt;Extra Large Shirt&lt;/option&gt;<br />
+&lt;/select&gt;</code>
+
+
+<p>If you would like the opening &lt;select> to contain additional data, like JavaScript, you can pass it as a string in the
+fourth parameter:</p>
+
+<code>$js = 'onChange="some_function()"';<br />
+<br />
+echo form_dropdown('shirts', $options, 'large', $js);</code>
+
+
+<h2>form_fieldset()</h2>
+
+<p>Lets you generate fieldset/legend fields.</p>
+<code>echo form_fieldset('Address Information');<br />
+echo &quot;&lt;p&gt;fieldset content here&lt;/p&gt;\n&quot;;<br />
+echo form_fieldset_close();
+<br />
+<br />
+// Produces<br />
+&lt;fieldset&gt;
+<br />
+&lt;legend&gt;Address Information&lt;/legend&gt;
+<br />
+&lt;p&gt;form content here&lt;/p&gt;
+<br />
+&lt;/fieldset&gt;</code>
+<p>Similar to other functions, you can submit an associative array in the second parameter if you prefer to set additional attributes. </p>
+<p><code>$attributes = array('id' =&gt; 'address_info', 'class' =&gt; 'address_info');<br />
+ echo form_fieldset('Address Information', $attributes);<br />
+echo &quot;&lt;p&gt;fieldset content here&lt;/p&gt;\n&quot;;<br />
+echo form_fieldset_close(); <br />
+<br />
+// Produces<br />
+&lt;fieldset id=&quot;address_info&quot; class=&quot;address_info&quot;&gt; <br />
+&lt;legend&gt;Address Information&lt;/legend&gt; <br />
+&lt;p&gt;form content here&lt;/p&gt; <br />
+&lt;/fieldset&gt;</code></p>
+<h2>form_fieldset_close()</h2>
+<p>Produces a closing &lt;/fieldset&gt; tag. The only advantage to using this function is it permits you to pass data to it
+ which will be added below the tag. For example:</p>
+<code>$string = &quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&quot;;<br />
+<br />
+echo fieldset_close($string);<br />
+<br />
+// Would produce:<br />
+&lt;/fieldset&gt;<br />
+&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</code>
+<h2>form_checkbox()</h2>
+<p>Lets you generate a checkbox field. Simple example:</p>
+<code>echo form_checkbox('newsletter', 'accept', TRUE);<br />
+<br />
+// Would produce:<br />
+<br />
+&lt;input type=&quot;checkbox&quot; name=&quot;newsletter&quot; value=&quot;accept&quot; checked=&quot;checked&quot; /&gt;</code>
+<p>The third parameter contains a boolean TRUE/FALSE to determine whether the box should be checked or not.</p>
+<p>Similar to the other form functions in this helper, you can also pass an array of attributes to the function:</p>
+
+<code>$data = array(<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'name'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'newsletter',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'id'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'newsletter',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'value'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> 'accept',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'checked'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=> TRUE,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'style'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; => 'margin:10px',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;);<br />
+<br />
+echo form_checkbox($data);<br />
+<br />
+// Would produce:<br /><br />
+&lt;input type="checkbox" name="newsletter" id="newsletter" value="accept" checked="checked" style="margin:10px" /></code>
+
+<p>As with other functions, if you would like the tag to contain additional data, like JavaScript, you can pass it as a string in the
+fourth parameter:</p>
+
+<code>$js = 'onClick="some_function()"';<br />
+<br />
+ echo form_checkbox('newsletter', 'accept', TRUE, $js)</code>
+
+
+<h2>form_radio()</h2>
+<p>This function is identical in all respects to the <dfn>form_checkbox()</dfn> function above except that is sets it as a "radio" type.</p>
+
+
+<h2>form_submit()</h2>
+
+<p>Lets you generate a standard submit button. Simple example:</p>
+<code>echo form_submit('mysubmit', 'Submit Post!');<br />
+<br />
+// Would produce:<br />
+<br />
+&lt;input type=&quot;submit&quot; name=&quot;mysubmit&quot; value=&quot;Submit Post!&quot; /&gt;</code>
+<p>Similar to other functions, you can submit an associative array in the first parameter if you prefer to set your own attributes.
+ The third parameter lets you add extra data to your form, like JavaScript.</p>
+<h2>form_label()</h2>
+<p>Lets you generate a &lt;label&gt;. Simple example:</p>
+<code>echo form_label('What is your Name', 'username');<br />
+<br />
+// Would produce:
+<br />
+&lt;label for=&quot;username&quot;&gt;What is your Name&lt;/label&gt;</code>
+<p>Similar to other functions, you can submit an associative array in the third parameter if you prefer to set additional attributes. </p>
+<p><code>$attributes = array(<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'class' =&gt; 'mycustomclass',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'style' =&gt; 'color: #000;',<br />
+);<br />
+ echo form_label('What is your Name', 'username', $attributes);<br />
+ <br />
+// Would produce: <br />
+&lt;label for=&quot;username&quot; class=&quot;mycustomclass&quot; style=&quot;color: #000;&quot;&gt;What is your Name&lt;/label&gt;</code></p>
+<h2>form_reset()</h2>
+
+<p>Lets you generate a standard reset button. Use is identical to <dfn>form_submit()</dfn>.</p>
+
+<h2>form_button()</h2>
+
+<p>Lets you generate a standard button element. You can minimally pass the button name and content in the first and second parameter:</p>
+<code>
+echo form_button('name','content');<br />
+<br />
+// Would produce<br />
+&lt;button name="name" type="submit"&gt;Content&lt;/button&gt;
+</code>
+
+Or you can pass an associative array containing any data you wish your form to contain:
+<code>
+$data = array(<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'name' => 'button',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'id' => 'button',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'value' => 'true',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'type' => 'reset',<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'content' => 'Reset'<br />
+);<br />
+<br />
+echo form_button($data);<br />
+<br />
+// Would produce:<br />
+&lt;button name="button" id="button" value="true" type="reset"&gt;Reset&lt;/button&gt;
+</code>
+
+If you would like your form to contain some additional data, like JavaScript, you can pass it as a string in the third parameter:
+<code>
+$js = 'onClick="some_function()"';<br /><br />
+echo form_button('mybutton', 'Click Me', $js);
+</code>
+
+
+<h2>form_close()</h2>
+
+<p>Produces a closing &lt;/form> tag. The only advantage to using this function is it permits you to pass data to it
+which will be added below the tag. For example:</p>
+
+<code>$string = "&lt;/div>&lt;/div>";<br />
+<br />
+echo form_close($string);<br />
+<br />
+// Would produce:<br />
+<br />
+&lt;/form><br />
+&lt;/div>&lt;/div></code>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>form_prep()</h2>
+
+<p>Allows you to safely use HTML and characters such as quotes within form elements without breaking out of the form. Consider this example:</p>
+
+<code>$string = 'Here is a string containing <strong>"quoted"</strong> text.';<br />
+<br />
+&lt;input type="text" name="myform" value="<var>$string</var>" /></code>
+
+<p>Since the above string contains a set of quotes it will cause the form to break.
+The form_prep function converts HTML so that it can be used safely:</p>
+
+<code>&lt;input type="text" name="myform" value="<var>&lt;?php echo form_prep($string); ?></var>" /></code>
+
+<p class="important"><strong>Note:</strong> If you use any of the form helper functions listed in this page the form
+values will be prepped automatically, so there is no need to call this function. Use it only if you are
+creating your own form elements.</p>
+
+
+<h2>set_value()</h2>
+
+<p>Permits you to set the value of an input form or textarea. You must supply the field name via the first parameter of the function.
+The second (optional) parameter allows you to set a default value for the form. Example:</p>
+
+<code>&lt;input type="text" name="quantity" value="<dfn>&lt;?php echo set_value('quantity', '0'); ?></dfn>" size="50" /></code>
+
+<p>The above form will show "0" when loaded for the first time.</p>
+
+<h2>set_select()</h2>
+
+<p>If you use a <dfn>&lt;select></dfn> menu, this function permits you to display the menu item that was selected. The first parameter
+must contain the name of the select menu, the second parameter must contain the value of
+each item, and the third (optional) parameter lets you set an item as the default (use boolean TRUE/FALSE).</p>
+
+<p>Example:</p>
+
+<code>
+&lt;select name="myselect"><br />
+&lt;option value="one" <dfn>&lt;?php echo set_select('myselect', 'one', TRUE); ?></dfn> >One&lt;/option><br />
+&lt;option value="two" <dfn>&lt;?php echo set_select('myselect', 'two'); ?></dfn> >Two&lt;/option><br />
+&lt;option value="three" <dfn>&lt;?php echo set_select('myselect', 'three'); ?></dfn> >Three&lt;/option><br />
+&lt;/select>
+</code>
+
+
+<h2>set_checkbox()</h2>
+
+<p>Permits you to display a checkbox in the state it was submitted. The first parameter
+must contain the name of the checkbox, the second parameter must contain its value, and the third (optional) parameter lets you set an item as the default (use boolean TRUE/FALSE). Example:</p>
+
+<code>&lt;input type="checkbox" name="mycheck" value="1" <dfn>&lt;?php echo set_checkbox('mycheck', '1'); ?></dfn> /><br />
+&lt;input type="checkbox" name="mycheck" value="2" <dfn>&lt;?php echo set_checkbox('mycheck', '2'); ?></dfn> /></code>
+
+
+<h2>set_radio()</h2>
+
+<p>Permits you to display radio buttons in the state they were submitted. This function is identical to the <strong>set_checkbox()</strong> function above.</p>
+
+<code>&lt;input type="radio" name="myradio" value="1" <dfn>&lt;?php echo set_radio('myradio', '1', TRUE); ?></dfn> /><br />
+&lt;input type="radio" name="myradio" value="2" <dfn>&lt;?php echo set_radio('myradio', '2'); ?></dfn> /></code>
+
+
+
+
+</div>
+<!-- END CONTENT -->
+
+
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Previous Topic:&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a>
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+<a href="../index.html">User Guide Home</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&middot;&nbsp;&nbsp;
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