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+
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+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
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+ <title>URL Helper &mdash; CodeIgniter 3.1.7 documentation</title>
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+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/news_section.html">News section</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/create_news_items.html">Create news items</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../tutorial/conclusion.html">Conclusion</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="reference internal" href="index.html">Helpers</a><ul class="current">
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">URL Helper</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+ </div>
+ &nbsp;
+ </nav>
+
+ <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap">
+
+
+ <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation">
+ <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
+ <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a>
+ </nav>
+
+
+
+ <div class="wy-nav-content">
+ <div class="rst-content">
+ <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
+ <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+ <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li><a href="index.html">Helpers</a> &raquo;</li>
+
+ <li>URL Helper</li>
+ <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside">
+
+ </li>
+ <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe">
+ <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" />
+ </div>
+ </ul>
+ <hr/>
+</div>
+ <div role="main" class="document">
+
+ <div class="section" id="url-helper">
+<h1>URL Helper<a class="headerlink" href="#url-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The URL Helper file contains functions that assist in working with URLs.</p>
+<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-this-helper" id="id1">Loading this Helper</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#available-functions" id="id2">Available Functions</a></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="loading-this-helper">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Loading this Helper</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-this-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">helper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;url&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="available-functions">
+<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Available Functions</a><a class="headerlink" href="#available-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The following functions are available:</p>
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="site_url">
+<code class="descname">site_url</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$uri = ''</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$protocol = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#site_url" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$uri</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URI string</li>
+<li><strong>$protocol</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Protocol, e.g. ‘http’ or ‘https’</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Site URL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns your site URL, as specified in your config file. The index.php
+file (or whatever you have set as your site <strong>index_page</strong> in your config
+file) will be added to the URL, as will any URI segments you pass to the
+function, plus the <strong>url_suffix</strong> as set in your config file.</p>
+<p>You are encouraged to use this function any time you need to generate a
+local URL so that your pages become more portable in the event your URL
+changes.</p>
+<p>Segments can be optionally passed to the function as a string or an
+array. Here is a string example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">site_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/local/123&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above example would return something like:
+<em>http://example.com/index.php/news/local/123</em></p>
+<p>Here is an example of segments passed as an array:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$segments</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;local&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;123&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">site_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$segments</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>This function is an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Config::site_url()</span></code>. For more info,
+please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html"><span class="doc">Config Library</span></a> documentation.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="base_url">
+<code class="descname">base_url</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$uri = ''</em>, <em>$protocol = NULL</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#base_url" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$uri</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URI string</li>
+<li><strong>$protocol</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Protocol, e.g. ‘http’ or ‘https’</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Base URL</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns your site base URL, as specified in your config file. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">base_url</span><span class="p">();</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>This function returns the same thing as <a class="reference internal" href="#site_url" title="site_url"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">site_url()</span></code></a>, without
+the <em>index_page</em> or <em>url_suffix</em> being appended.</p>
+<p>Also like <a class="reference internal" href="#site_url" title="site_url"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">site_url()</span></code></a>, you can supply segments as a string or
+an array. Here is a string example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">base_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;blog/post/123&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The above example would return something like:
+<em>http://example.com/blog/post/123</em></p>
+<p>This is useful because unlike <a class="reference internal" href="#site_url" title="site_url"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">site_url()</span></code></a>, you can supply a
+string to a file, such as an image or stylesheet. For example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">base_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;images/icons/edit.png&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>This would give you something like:
+<em>http://example.com/images/icons/edit.png</em></p>
+<p>This function is an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Config::base_url()</span></code>. For more info,
+please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html"><span class="doc">Config Library</span></a> documentation.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="current_url">
+<code class="descname">current_url</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#current_url" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">The current URL</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns the full URL (including segments) of the page being currently
+viewed.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">Calling this function is the same as doing this:
+|
+| site_url(uri_string());</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="uri_string">
+<code class="descname">uri_string</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#uri_string" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An URI string</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns the URI segments of any page that contains this function.
+For example, if your URL was this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">http</span><span class="o">://</span><span class="nx">some</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">site</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">blog</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">comments</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">123</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The function would return:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">blog</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">comments</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">123</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>This function is an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Config::uri_string()</span></code>. For more info,
+please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html"><span class="doc">Config Library</span></a> documentation.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="index_page">
+<code class="descname">index_page</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#index_page" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">‘index_page’ value</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">mixed</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Returns your site <strong>index_page</strong>, as specified in your config file.
+Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">index_page</span><span class="p">();</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="anchor">
+<code class="descname">anchor</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$uri = ''</em>, <em>$title = ''</em>, <em>$attributes = ''</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#anchor" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$uri</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URI string</li>
+<li><strong>$title</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Anchor title</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTML hyperlink (anchor tag)</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Creates a standard HTML anchor link based on your local site URL.</p>
+<p>The first parameter can contain any segments you wish appended to the
+URL. As with the <a class="reference internal" href="#site_url" title="site_url"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">site_url()</span></code></a> function above, segments can
+be a string or an array.</p>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">If you are building links that are internal to your application
+do not include the base URL (http&amp;#58;//…). This will be added
+automatically from the information specified in your config file.
+Include only the URI segments you wish appended to the URL.</p>
+</div>
+<p>The second segment is the text you would like the link to say. If you
+leave it blank, the URL will be used.</p>
+<p>The third parameter can contain a list of attributes you would like
+added to the link. The attributes can be a simple string or an
+associative array.</p>
+<p>Here are some examples:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">anchor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/local/123&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My News&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;title=&quot;News title&quot;&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Prints: &lt;a href=&quot;http://example.com/index.php/news/local/123&quot; title=&quot;News title&quot;&gt;My News&lt;/a&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">anchor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/local/123&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;My News&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;The best news!&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
+<span class="c1">// Prints: &lt;a href=&quot;http://example.com/index.php/news/local/123&quot; title=&quot;The best news!&quot;&gt;My News&lt;/a&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">anchor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Click here&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Prints: &lt;a href=&quot;http://example.com&quot;&gt;Click Here&lt;/a&gt;</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="anchor_popup">
+<code class="descname">anchor_popup</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$uri = ''</em>, <em>$title = ''</em>, <em>$attributes = FALSE</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#anchor_popup" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$uri</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URI string</li>
+<li><strong>$title</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Anchor title</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Pop-up hyperlink</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Nearly identical to the <a class="reference internal" href="#anchor" title="anchor"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">anchor()</span></code></a> function except that it
+opens the URL in a new window. You can specify JavaScript window
+attributes in the third parameter to control how the window is opened.
+If the third parameter is not set it will simply open a new window with
+your own browser settings.</p>
+<p>Here is an example with attributes:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$atts</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;width&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">800</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;height&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">600</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;scrollbars&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;yes&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;status&#39;</span><span class="nx">    </span> <span class="nx"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;yes&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;resizable&#39;</span><span class="nx"> </span> <span class="nx"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;yes&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;screenx&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;screeny&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
+ <span class="s1">&#39;window_name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;_blank&#39;</span>
+<span class="p">);</span>
+
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">anchor_popup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;news/local/123&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Click Me!&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$atts</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">The above attributes are the function defaults so you only need to
+set the ones that are different from what you need. If you want the
+function to use all of its defaults simply pass an empty array in the
+third parameter:
+|
+| echo anchor_popup(‘news/local/123’, ‘Click Me!’, array());</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">The <strong>window_name</strong> is not really an attribute, but an argument to
+the JavaScript <cite>window.open() &lt;http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/met_win_open.asp&gt;</cite>
+method, which accepts either a window name or a window target.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">Any other attribute than the listed above will be parsed as an
+HTML attribute to the anchor tag.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="mailto">
+<code class="descname">mailto</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$email</em>, <em>$title = ''</em>, <em>$attributes = ''</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#mailto" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$email</strong> (<em>string</em>) – E-mail address</li>
+<li><strong>$title</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Anchor title</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A “mail to” hyperlink</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Creates a standard HTML e-mail link. Usage example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">mailto</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;me@my-site.com&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Click Here to Contact Me&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>As with the <a class="reference internal" href="#anchor" title="anchor"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">anchor()</span></code></a> tab above, you can set attributes using the
+third parameter:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$attributes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;title&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Mail me&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nx">mailto</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;me@my-site.com&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Contact Me&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$attributes</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="safe_mailto">
+<code class="descname">safe_mailto</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$email</em>, <em>$title = ''</em>, <em>$attributes = ''</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#safe_mailto" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$email</strong> (<em>string</em>) – E-mail address</li>
+<li><strong>$title</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Anchor title</li>
+<li><strong>$attributes</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – HTML attributes</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A spam-safe “mail to” hyperlink</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Identical to the <a class="reference internal" href="#mailto" title="mailto"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">mailto()</span></code></a> function except it writes an obfuscated
+version of the <em>mailto</em> tag using ordinal numbers written with JavaScript to
+help prevent the e-mail address from being harvested by spam bots.</p>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="auto_link">
+<code class="descname">auto_link</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em>, <em>$type = 'both'</em>, <em>$popup = FALSE</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#auto_link" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+<li><strong>$type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Link type (‘email’, ‘url’ or ‘both’)</li>
+<li><strong>$popup</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to create popup links</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Linkified string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Automatically turns URLs and e-mail addresses contained in a string into
+links. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">auto_link</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The second parameter determines whether URLs and e-mails are converted or
+just one or the other. Default behavior is both if the parameter is not
+specified. E-mail links are encoded as <a class="reference internal" href="#safe_mailto" title="safe_mailto"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">safe_mailto()</span></code></a> as shown
+above.</p>
+<p>Converts only URLs:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">auto_link</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;url&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Converts only e-mail addresses:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">auto_link</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The third parameter determines whether links are shown in a new window.
+The value can be TRUE or FALSE (boolean):</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">auto_link</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;both&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="url_title">
+<code class="descname">url_title</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em>, <em>$separator = '-'</em>, <em>$lowercase = FALSE</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#url_title" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
+<li><strong>$separator</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Word separator</li>
+<li><strong>$lowercase</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to transform the output string to lower-case</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">URL-formatted string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Takes a string as input and creates a human-friendly URL string. This is
+useful if, for example, you have a blog in which you’d like to use the
+title of your entries in the URL. Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;What&#39;s wrong with CSS?&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$url_title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">url_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Produces: Whats-wrong-with-CSS</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The second parameter determines the word delimiter. By default dashes
+are used. Preferred options are: <strong>-</strong> (dash) or <strong>_</strong> (underscore)</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;What&#39;s wrong with CSS?&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$url_title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">url_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;underscore&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Produces: Whats_wrong_with_CSS</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">Old usage of ‘dash’ and ‘underscore’ as the second parameter
+is DEPRECATED.</p>
+</div>
+<p>The third parameter determines whether or not lowercase characters are
+forced. By default they are not. Options are boolean TRUE/FALSE.</p>
+<p>Example:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;What&#39;s wrong with CSS?&quot;</span><span class="p">;</span>
+<span class="nv">$url_title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">url_title</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;underscore&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="c1">// Produces: whats_wrong_with_css</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="prep_url">
+<code class="descname">prep_url</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str = ''</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#prep_url" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URL string</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Protocol-prefixed URL string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>This function will add http&amp;#58;// in the event that a protocol prefix
+is missing from a URL.</p>
+<p>Pass the URL string to the function like this:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$url</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nx">prep_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;example.com&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
+<dl class="function">
+<dt id="redirect">
+<code class="descname">redirect</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$uri = ''</em>, <em>$method = 'auto'</em>, <em>$code = NULL</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#redirect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
+<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
+<li><strong>$uri</strong> (<em>string</em>) – URI string</li>
+<li><strong>$method</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Redirect method (‘auto’, ‘location’ or ‘refresh’)</li>
+<li><strong>$code</strong> (<em>string</em>) – HTTP Response code (usually 302 or 303)</li>
+</ul>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Does a “header redirect” to the URI specified. If you specify the full
+site URL that link will be built, but for local links simply providing
+the URI segments to the controller you want to direct to will create the
+link. The function will build the URL based on your config file values.</p>
+<p>The optional second parameter allows you to force a particular redirection
+method. The available methods are <strong>auto</strong>, <strong>location</strong> and <strong>refresh</strong>,
+with location being faster but less reliable on IIS servers.
+The default is <strong>auto</strong>, which will attempt to intelligently choose the
+method based on the server environment.</p>
+<p>The optional third parameter allows you to send a specific HTTP Response
+Code - this could be used for example to create 301 redirects for search
+engine purposes. The default Response Code is 302. The third parameter is
+<em>only</em> available with <strong>location</strong> redirects, and not <em>refresh</em>. Examples:</p>
+<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$logged_in</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span>
+<span class="p">{</span>
+ <span class="nx">redirect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/login/form/&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
+<span class="p">}</span>
+
+<span class="c1">// with 301 redirect</span>
+<span class="nx">redirect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/article/13&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;location&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">301</span><span class="p">);</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">In order for this function to work it must be used before anything
+is outputted to the browser since it utilizes server headers.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">For very fine grained control over headers, you should use the
+<a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html"><span class="doc">Output Library</span></a> <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_header()</span></code> method.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">To IIS users: if you hide the <cite>Server</cite> HTTP header, the <em>auto</em>
+method won’t detect IIS, in that case it is advised you explicitly
+use the <strong>refresh</strong> method.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition note">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
+<p class="last">When the <strong>location</strong> method is used, an HTTP status code of 303
+will <em>automatically</em> be selected when the page is currently accessed
+via POST and HTTP/1.1 is used.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="admonition important">
+<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
+<p class="last">This function will terminate script execution.</p>
+</div>
+</dd></dl>
+
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