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diff --git a/user_guide/libraries/security.html b/user_guide/libraries/security.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a50df9118 --- /dev/null +++ b/user_guide/libraries/security.html @@ -0,0 +1,740 @@ + + +<!DOCTYPE html> +<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]--> +<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]--> +<head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> + + <title>Security Class — CodeIgniter 3.1.5 documentation</title> + + + + + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../_static/ci-icon.ico"/> + + + + <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:400,700,400italic,700italic|Roboto+Slab:400,700|Inconsolata:400,700&subset=latin,cyrillic' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> + + + + + + + + + + <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/citheme.css" type="text/css" /> + + + + <link rel="top" title="CodeIgniter 3.1.5 documentation" href="../index.html"/> + <link rel="up" 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href="calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="config.html">Config Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="email.html">Email Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference 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MetaData</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<ul> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> + + + + </div> + + </nav> + + <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap"> + + + <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation"> + <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i> + <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a> + </nav> + + + + <div class="wy-nav-content"> + <div class="rst-content"> + <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation"> + <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs"> + <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> »</li> + + <li><a href="index.html">Libraries</a> »</li> + + <li>Security Class</li> + <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside"> + + </li> + <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe"> + <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" /> + </div> + </ul> + <hr/> +</div> + <div role="main" class="document"> + + <div class="section" id="security-class"> +<h1>Security Class<a class="headerlink" href="#security-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> +<p>The Security Class contains methods that help you create a secure +application, processing input data for security.</p> +<div class="contents local topic" id="contents"> +<ul class="simple"> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="#xss-filtering" id="id1">XSS Filtering</a></li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cross-site-request-forgery-csrf" id="id2">Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)</a></li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id3">Class Reference</a></li> +</ul> +</div> +<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="xss-filtering"> +<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">XSS Filtering</a><a class="headerlink" href="#xss-filtering" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>CodeIgniter comes with a Cross Site Scripting prevention filter, which +looks for commonly used techniques to trigger JavaScript or other types +of code that attempt to hijack cookies or do other malicious things. +If anything disallowed is encountered it is rendered safe by converting +the data to character entities.</p> +<p>To filter data through the XSS filter use the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">xss_clean()</span></tt> method:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">xss_clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>An optional second parameter, <em>is_image</em>, allows this function to be used +to test images for potential XSS attacks, useful for file upload +security. When this second parameter is set to TRUE, instead of +returning an altered string, the function returns TRUE if the image is +safe, and FALSE if it contained potentially malicious information that a +browser may attempt to execute.</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">xss_clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span> +<span class="p">{</span> + <span class="c1">// file failed the XSS test</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<div class="admonition important"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p> +<p class="last">If you want to filter HTML attribute values, use +<a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html#html_escape" title="html_escape"><tt class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></tt></a> instead!</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="cross-site-request-forgery-csrf"> +<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)</a><a class="headerlink" href="#cross-site-request-forgery-csrf" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>You can enable CSRF protection by altering your <strong>application/config/config.php</strong> +file in the following way:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'csrf_protection'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>If you use the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html"><em>form helper</em></a>, then +<tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_open()</span></tt> will automatically insert a hidden csrf field in +your forms. If not, then you can use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_csrf_token_name()</span></tt> +and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_csrf_hash()</span></tt></p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$csrf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span> + <span class="s1">'name'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">get_csrf_token_name</span><span class="p">(),</span> + <span class="s1">'hash'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">get_csrf_hash</span><span class="p">()</span> +<span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="o">...</span> + +<span class="o"><</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"hidden"</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"<?=</span><span class="si">$csrf['name']</span><span class="s2">;?>"</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"<?=</span><span class="si">$csrf['hash']</span><span class="s2">;?>"</span> <span class="o">/></span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Tokens may be either regenerated on every submission (default) or +kept the same throughout the life of the CSRF cookie. The default +regeneration of tokens provides stricter security, but may result +in usability concerns as other tokens become invalid (back/forward +navigation, multiple tabs/windows, asynchronous actions, etc). You +may alter this behavior by editing the following config parameter</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'csrf_regenerate'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Select URIs can be whitelisted from csrf protection (for example API +endpoints expecting externally POSTed content). You can add these URIs +by editing the ‘csrf_exclude_uris’ config parameter:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'csrf_exclude_uris'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'api/person/add'</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Regular expressions are also supported (case-insensitive):</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'csrf_exclude_uris'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span> + <span class="s1">'api/record/[0-9]+'</span><span class="p">,</span> + <span class="s1">'api/title/[a-z]+'</span> +<span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="class-reference"> +<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<dl class="class"> +<dt id="CI_Security"> +<em class="property">class </em><tt class="descname">CI_Security</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_Security::xss_clean"> +<tt class="descname">xss_clean</tt><big>(</big><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$is_image = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::xss_clean" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Input string or an array of strings</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">XSS-clean data</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Tries to remove XSS exploits from the input data and returns the cleaned string. +If the optional second parameter is set to true, it will return boolean TRUE if +the image is safe to use and FALSE if malicious data was detected in it.</p> +<div class="admonition important"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p> +<p class="last">This method is not suitable for filtering HTML attribute vales! +Use <a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html#html_escape" title="html_escape"><tt class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></tt></a> for that instead.</p> +</div> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_Security::sanitize_filename"> +<tt class="descname">sanitize_filename</tt><big>(</big><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$relative_path = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::sanitize_filename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – File name/path</li> +<li><strong>$relative_path</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to preserve any directories in the file path</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Sanitized file name/path</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Tries to sanitize filenames in order to prevent directory traversal attempts +and other security threats, which is particularly useful for files that were supplied via user input.</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">sanitize_filename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'filename'</span><span class="p">));</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>If it is acceptable for the user input to include relative paths, e.g. +<em>file/in/some/approved/folder.txt</em>, you can set the second optional parameter, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$relative_path</span></tt> to TRUE.</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">sanitize_filename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'filename'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_Security::get_csrf_token_name"> +<tt class="descname">get_csrf_token_name</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::get_csrf_token_name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">CSRF token name</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Returns the CSRF token name (the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['csrf_token_name']</span></tt> value).</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_Security::get_csrf_hash"> +<tt class="descname">get_csrf_hash</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::get_csrf_hash" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">CSRF hash</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>Returns the CSRF hash value. Useful in combination with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_csrf_token_name()</span></tt> +for manually building forms or sending valid AJAX POST requests.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_Security::entity_decode"> +<tt class="descname">entity_decode</tt><big>(</big><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$charset = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::entity_decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li> +<li><strong>$charset</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Character set of the input string</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Entity-decoded string</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>This method acts a lot like PHP’s own native <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_entity_decode()</span></tt> function in ENT_COMPAT mode, only +it tries to detect HTML entities that don’t end in a semicolon because some browsers allow that.</p> +<p>If the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$charset</span></tt> parameter is left empty, then your configured <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['charset']</span></tt> value will be used.</p> +</dd></dl> + +<dl class="method"> +<dt id="CI_Security::get_random_bytes"> +<tt class="descname">get_random_bytes</tt><big>(</big><em>$length</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::get_random_bytes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> +<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none"> +<col class="field-name" /> +<col class="field-body" /> +<tbody valign="top"> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple"> +<li><strong>$length</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Output length</li> +</ul> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A binary stream of random bytes or FALSE on failure</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>A convenience method for getting proper random bytes via <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mcrypt_create_iv()</span></tt>, +<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/dev/urandom</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">openssl_random_pseudo_bytes()</span></tt> (in that order), if one +of them is available.</p> +<p>Used for generating CSRF and XSS tokens.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">The output is NOT guaranteed to be cryptographically secure, +just the best attempt at that.</p> +</div> +</dd></dl> + +</dd></dl> + +</div> +</div> + + + </div> + <footer> + + <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> + + <a href="sessions.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Session Library">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a> + + + <a href="parser.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Template Parser Class"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a> + + </div> + + + <hr/> + + <div role="contentinfo"> + <p> + © Copyright 2014 - 2017, British Columbia Institute of Technology. + Last updated on Jun 19, 2017. + </p> + </div> + + Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>. + +</footer> + </div> + </div> + + </section> + + </div> + + + + + + <script type="text/javascript"> + var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { + URL_ROOT:'../', + VERSION:'3.1.5', + COLLAPSE_INDEX:false, + FILE_SUFFIX:'.html', + HAS_SOURCE: false + }; + </script> + <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> + <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> + <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> + + + + + + <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/theme.js"></script> + + + + + <script type="text/javascript"> + jQuery(function () { + SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable(); + }); + </script> + + +</body> +</html>
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