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- <div class="section" id="security-class">
-<h1>Security Class<a class="headerlink" href="#security-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
-<p>The Security Class contains methods that help you create a secure
-application, processing input data for security.</p>
-<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
-<ul class="simple">
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#xss-filtering" id="id1">XSS Filtering</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#cross-site-request-forgery-csrf" id="id2">Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id3">Class Reference</a></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="xss-filtering">
-<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">XSS Filtering</a><a class="headerlink" href="#xss-filtering" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>CodeIgniter comes with a Cross Site Scripting prevention filter, which
-looks for commonly used techniques to trigger JavaScript or other types
-of code that attempt to hijack cookies or do other malicious things.
-If anything disallowed is encountered it is rendered safe by converting
-the data to character entities.</p>
-<p>To filter data through the XSS filter use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">xss_clean()</span></code> method:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$data</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">xss_clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>An optional second parameter, <em>is_image</em>, allows this function to be used
-to test images for potential XSS attacks, useful for file upload
-security. When this second parameter is set to TRUE, instead of
-returning an altered string, the function returns TRUE if the image is
-safe, and FALSE if it contained potentially malicious information that a
-browser may attempt to execute.</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">xss_clean</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$file</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">===</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="c1">// file failed the XSS test</span>
-<span class="p">}</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition important">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
-<p class="last">If you want to filter HTML attribute values, use
-<a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html#html_escape" title="html_escape"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></code></a> instead!</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="cross-site-request-forgery-csrf">
-<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)</a><a class="headerlink" href="#cross-site-request-forgery-csrf" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<p>You can enable CSRF protection by altering your <strong>application/config/config.php</strong>
-file in the following way:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;csrf_protection&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>If you use the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html"><span class="doc">form helper</span></a>, then
-<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_open()</span></code> will automatically insert a hidden csrf field in
-your forms. If not, then you can use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_csrf_token_name()</span></code>
-and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_csrf_hash()</span></code></p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$csrf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
- <span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_csrf_token_name</span><span class="p">(),</span>
- <span class="s1">&#39;hash&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">get_csrf_hash</span><span class="p">()</span>
-<span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="o">...</span>
-
-<span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="nx">input</span> <span class="nx">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;hidden&quot;</span> <span class="nx">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?=</span><span class="si">$csrf[&#39;name&#39;]</span><span class="s2">;?&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="nx">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&lt;?=</span><span class="si">$csrf[&#39;hash&#39;]</span><span class="s2">;?&gt;&quot;</span> <span class="o">/&gt;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Tokens may be either regenerated on every submission (default) or
-kept the same throughout the life of the CSRF cookie. The default
-regeneration of tokens provides stricter security, but may result
-in usability concerns as other tokens become invalid (back/forward
-navigation, multiple tabs/windows, asynchronous actions, etc). You
-may alter this behavior by editing the following config parameter</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;csrf_regenerate&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Select URIs can be whitelisted from csrf protection (for example API
-endpoints expecting externally POSTed content). You can add these URIs
-by editing the ‘csrf_exclude_uris’ config parameter:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;csrf_exclude_uris&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;api/person/add&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Regular expressions are also supported (case-insensitive):</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;csrf_exclude_uris&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
- <span class="s1">&#39;api/record/[0-9]+&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
- <span class="s1">&#39;api/title/[a-z]+&#39;</span>
-<span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="class-reference">
-<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<dl class="class">
-<dt id="CI_Security">
-<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Security</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Security::xss_clean">
-<code class="descname">xss_clean</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$is_image = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::xss_clean" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Input string or an array of strings</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">XSS-clean data</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Tries to remove XSS exploits from the input data and returns the cleaned string.
-If the optional second parameter is set to true, it will return boolean TRUE if
-the image is safe to use and FALSE if malicious data was detected in it.</p>
-<div class="admonition important">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
-<p class="last">This method is not suitable for filtering HTML attribute values!
-Use <a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html#html_escape" title="html_escape"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></code></a> for that instead.</p>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Security::sanitize_filename">
-<code class="descname">sanitize_filename</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$relative_path = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::sanitize_filename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – File name/path</li>
-<li><strong>$relative_path</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to preserve any directories in the file path</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Sanitized file name/path</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Tries to sanitize filenames in order to prevent directory traversal attempts
-and other security threats, which is particularly useful for files that were supplied via user input.</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">sanitize_filename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;filename&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>If it is acceptable for the user input to include relative paths, e.g.
-<em>file/in/some/approved/folder.txt</em>, you can set the second optional parameter, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$relative_path</span></code> to TRUE.</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">security</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">sanitize_filename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;filename&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Security::get_csrf_token_name">
-<code class="descname">get_csrf_token_name</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::get_csrf_token_name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">CSRF token name</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns the CSRF token name (the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['csrf_token_name']</span></code> value).</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Security::get_csrf_hash">
-<code class="descname">get_csrf_hash</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::get_csrf_hash" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">CSRF hash</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns the CSRF hash value. Useful in combination with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_csrf_token_name()</span></code>
-for manually building forms or sending valid AJAX POST requests.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Security::entity_decode">
-<code class="descname">entity_decode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$str</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$charset = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::entity_decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$str</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Input string</li>
-<li><strong>$charset</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Character set of the input string</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Entity-decoded string</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>This method acts a lot like PHP’s own native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_entity_decode()</span></code> function in ENT_COMPAT mode, only
-it tries to detect HTML entities that don’t end in a semicolon because some browsers allow that.</p>
-<p>If the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$charset</span></code> parameter is left empty, then your configured <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['charset']</span></code> value will be used.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Security::get_random_bytes">
-<code class="descname">get_random_bytes</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$length</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Security::get_random_bytes" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$length</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Output length</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A binary stream of random bytes or FALSE on failure</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">string</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>A convenience method for getting proper random bytes via <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mcrypt_create_iv()</span></code>,
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/dev/urandom</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">openssl_random_pseudo_bytes()</span></code> (in that order), if one
-of them is available.</p>
-<p>Used for generating CSRF and XSS tokens.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">The output is NOT guaranteed to be cryptographically secure,
-just the best attempt at that.</p>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-</dd></dl>
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