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- <div class="section" id="session-library">
-<h1>Session Library<a class="headerlink" href="#session-library" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
-<p>The Session class permits you maintain a user’s “state” and track their
-activity while they browse your site.</p>
-<p>CodeIgniter comes with a few session storage drivers:</p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><ul class="simple">
-<li>files (default; file-system based)</li>
-<li>database</li>
-<li>redis</li>
-<li>memcached</li>
-</ul>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>In addition, you may create your own, custom session drivers based on other
-kinds of storage, while still taking advantage of the features of the
-Session class.</p>
-<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
-<ul class="simple">
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-the-session-class" id="id3">Using the Session Class</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#initializing-a-session" id="id4">Initializing a Session</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-do-sessions-work" id="id5">How do Sessions work?</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#a-note-about-concurrency" id="id6">A note about concurrency</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-session-data" id="id7">What is Session Data?</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#retrieving-session-data" id="id8">Retrieving Session Data</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#adding-session-data" id="id9">Adding Session Data</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#removing-session-data" id="id10">Removing Session Data</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#flashdata" id="id11">Flashdata</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tempdata" id="id12">Tempdata</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#destroying-a-session" id="id13">Destroying a Session</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#accessing-session-metadata" id="id14">Accessing session metadata</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#session-preferences" id="id15">Session Preferences</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#session-drivers" id="id16">Session Drivers</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#files-driver" id="id17">Files Driver</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#bonus-tip" id="id18">Bonus Tip</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#database-driver" id="id19">Database Driver</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#redis-driver" id="id20">Redis Driver</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#memcached-driver" id="id21">Memcached Driver</a><ul>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#id1" id="id22">Bonus Tip</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#custom-drivers" id="id23">Custom Drivers</a></li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</li>
-<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id24">Class Reference</a></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="using-the-session-class">
-<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Using the Session Class</a><a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-session-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<div class="section" id="initializing-a-session">
-<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Initializing a Session</a><a class="headerlink" href="#initializing-a-session" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>Sessions will typically run globally with each page load, so the Session
-class should either be initialized in your <a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html"><span class="doc">controller</span></a> constructors, or it can be <a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html"><span class="doc">auto-loaded</span></a> by the system.
-For the most part the session class will run unattended in the background,
-so simply initializing the class will cause it to read, create, and update
-sessions when necessary.</p>
-<p>To initialize the Session class manually in your controller constructor,
-use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;load-&gt;library()</span></code> method:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">library</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;session&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Once loaded, the Sessions library object will be available using:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition important">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
-<p class="last">Because the <a class="reference internal" href="loader.html"><span class="doc">Loader Class</span></a> is instantiated
-by CodeIgniter’s base controller, make sure to call
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">parent::__construct()</span></code> before trying to load a library from
-inside a controller constructor.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="how-do-sessions-work">
-<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">How do Sessions work?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-sessions-work" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>When a page is loaded, the session class will check to see if valid
-session cookie is sent by the user’s browser. If a sessions cookie does
-<strong>not</strong> exist (or if it doesn’t match one stored on the server or has
-expired) a new session will be created and saved.</p>
-<p>If a valid session does exist, its information will be updated. With each
-update, the session ID may be regenerated if configured to do so.</p>
-<p>It’s important for you to understand that once initialized, the Session
-class runs automatically. There is nothing you need to do to cause the
-above behavior to happen. You can, as you’ll see below, work with session
-data, but the process of reading, writing, and updating a session is
-automatic.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">Under CLI, the Session library will automatically halt itself,
-as this is a concept based entirely on the HTTP protocol.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="a-note-about-concurrency">
-<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">A note about concurrency</a><a class="headerlink" href="#a-note-about-concurrency" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
-<p>Unless you’re developing a website with heavy AJAX usage, you can skip this
-section. If you are, however, and if you’re experiencing performance
-issues, then this note is exactly what you’re looking for.</p>
-<p>Sessions in previous versions of CodeIgniter didn’t implement locking,
-which meant that two HTTP requests using the same session could run exactly
-at the same time. To use a more appropriate technical term - requests were
-non-blocking.</p>
-<p>However, non-blocking requests in the context of sessions also means
-unsafe, because modifications to session data (or session ID regeneration)
-in one request can interfere with the execution of a second, concurrent
-request. This detail was at the root of many issues and the main reason why
-CodeIgniter 3.0 has a completely re-written Session library.</p>
-<p>Why are we telling you this? Because it is likely that after trying to
-find the reason for your performance issues, you may conclude that locking
-is the issue and therefore look into how to remove the locks …</p>
-<p>DO NOT DO THAT! Removing locks would be <strong>wrong</strong> and it will cause you
-more problems!</p>
-<p>Locking is not the issue, it is a solution. Your issue is that you still
-have the session open, while you’ve already processed it and therefore no
-longer need it. So, what you need is to close the session for the
-current request after you no longer need it.</p>
-<p>Long story short - call <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">session_write_close()</span></code> once you no longer need
-anything to do with session variables.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="what-is-session-data">
-<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">What is Session Data?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-session-data" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>Session data is simply an array associated with a particular session ID
-(cookie).</p>
-<p>If you’ve used sessions in PHP before, you should be familiar with PHP’s
-<a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.session.php">$_SESSION superglobal</a>
-(if not, please read the content on that link).</p>
-<p>CodeIgniter gives access to its session data through the same means, as it
-uses the session handlers’ mechanism provided by PHP. Using session data is
-as simple as manipulating (read, set and unset values) the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code>
-array.</p>
-<p>In addition, CodeIgniter also provides 2 special types of session data
-that are further explained below: flashdata and tempdata.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">In previous versions, regular session data in CodeIgniter was
-referred to as ‘userdata’. Have this in mind if that term is used
-elsewhere in the manual. Most of it is written to explain how
-the custom ‘userdata’ methods work.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="retrieving-session-data">
-<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">Retrieving Session Data</a><a class="headerlink" href="#retrieving-session-data" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>Any piece of information from the session array is available through the
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> superglobal:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$_SESSION</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Or through the magic getter:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">item</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>And for backwards compatibility, through the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">userdata()</span></code> method:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">userdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Where item is the array key corresponding to the item you wish to fetch.
-For example, to assign a previously stored ‘name’ item to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$name</span></code>
-variable, you will do this:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_SESSION</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">];</span>
-
-<span class="c1">// or:</span>
-
-<span class="nv">$name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">name</span>
-
-<span class="c1">// or:</span>
-
-<span class="nv">$name</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">userdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;name&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">userdata()</span></code> method returns NULL if the item you are trying
-to access does not exist.</p>
-</div>
-<p>If you want to retrieve all of the existing userdata, you can simply
-omit the item key (magic getter only works for properties):</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$_SESSION</span>
-
-<span class="c1">// or:</span>
-
-<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">userdata</span><span class="p">();</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="adding-session-data">
-<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">Adding Session Data</a><a class="headerlink" href="#adding-session-data" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>Let’s say a particular user logs into your site. Once authenticated, you
-could add their username and e-mail address to the session, making that
-data globally available to you without having to run a database query when
-you need it.</p>
-<p>You can simply assign data to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> array, as with any other
-variable. Or as a property of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;session</span></code>.</p>
-<p>Alternatively, the old method of assigning it as “userdata” is also
-available. That however passing an array containing your new data to the
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_userdata()</span></code> method:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_userdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$array</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Where <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$array</span></code> is an associative array containing your new data. Here’s
-an example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$newdata</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
- <span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;johndoe&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
- <span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;johndoe@some-site.com&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
- <span class="s1">&#39;logged_in&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span>
-<span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_userdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$newdata</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>If you want to add userdata one value at a time, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_userdata()</span></code> also
-supports this syntax:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_userdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;some_name&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;some_value&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>If you want to verify that a session value exists, simply check with
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">isset()</span></code>:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// returns FALSE if the &#39;some_name&#39; item doesn&#39;t exist or is NULL,</span>
-<span class="c1">// TRUE otherwise:</span>
-<span class="nb">isset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$_SESSION</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;some_name&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Or you can call <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">has_userdata()</span></code>:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">has_userdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;some_name&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="removing-session-data">
-<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">Removing Session Data</a><a class="headerlink" href="#removing-session-data" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>Just as with any other variable, unsetting a value in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> can be
-done through <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unset()</span></code>:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">unset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$_SESSION</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;some_name&#39;</span><span class="p">]);</span>
-
-<span class="c1">// or multiple values:</span>
-
-<span class="nb">unset</span><span class="p">(</span>
- <span class="nv">$_SESSION</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;some_name&#39;</span><span class="p">],</span>
- <span class="nv">$_SESSION</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;another_name&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
-<span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Also, just as <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_userdata()</span></code> can be used to add information to a
-session, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unset_userdata()</span></code> can be used to remove it, by passing the
-session key. For example, if you wanted to remove ‘some_name’ from your
-session data array:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unset_userdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;some_name&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>This method also accepts an array of item keys to unset:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$array_items</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;username&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;email&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unset_userdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$array_items</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">In previous versions, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unset_userdata()</span></code> method used
-to accept an associative array of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">key</span> <span class="pre">=&gt;</span> <span class="pre">'dummy</span> <span class="pre">value'</span></code>
-pairs. This is no longer supported.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="flashdata">
-<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11">Flashdata</a><a class="headerlink" href="#flashdata" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>CodeIgniter supports “flashdata”, or session data that will only be
-available for the next request, and is then automatically cleared.</p>
-<p>This can be very useful, especially for one-time informational, error or
-status messages (for example: “Record 2 deleted”).</p>
-<p>It should be noted that flashdata variables are regular session vars,
-only marked in a specific way under the ‘__ci_vars’ key (please don’t touch
-that one, you’ve been warned).</p>
-<p>To mark an existing item as “flashdata”:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mark_as_flash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>If you want to mark multiple items as flashdata, simply pass the keys as an
-array:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mark_as_flash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;item2&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>To add flashdata:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$_SESSION</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mark_as_flash</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Or alternatively, using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_flashdata()</span></code> method:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_flashdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>You can also pass an array to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_flashdata()</span></code>, in the same manner as
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_userdata()</span></code>.</p>
-<p>Reading flashdata variables is the same as reading regular session data
-through <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code>:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$_SESSION</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition important">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
-<p class="last">The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">userdata()</span></code> method will NOT return flashdata items.</p>
-</div>
-<p>However, if you want to be sure that you’re reading “flashdata” (and not
-any other kind), you can also use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">flashdata()</span></code> method:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">flashdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Or to get an array with all flashdata, simply omit the key parameter:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">flashdata</span><span class="p">();</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">flashdata()</span></code> method returns NULL if the item cannot be
-found.</p>
-</div>
-<p>If you find that you need to preserve a flashdata variable through an
-additional request, you can do so using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">keep_flashdata()</span></code> method.
-You can either pass a single item or an array of flashdata items to keep.</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">keep_flashdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">keep_flashdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item1&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;item2&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;item3&#39;</span><span class="p">));</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="tempdata">
-<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id12">Tempdata</a><a class="headerlink" href="#tempdata" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>CodeIgniter also supports “tempdata”, or session data with a specific
-expiration time. After the value expires, or the session expires or is
-deleted, the value is automatically removed.</p>
-<p>Similarly to flashdata, tempdata variables are regular session vars that
-are marked in a specific way under the ‘__ci_vars’ key (again, don’t touch
-that one).</p>
-<p>To mark an existing item as “tempdata”, simply pass its key and expiry time
-(in seconds!) to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mark_as_temp()</span></code> method:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// &#39;item&#39; will be erased after 300 seconds</span>
-<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mark_as_temp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">300</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>You can mark multiple items as tempdata in two ways, depending on whether
-you want them all to have the same expiry time or not:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Both &#39;item&#39; and &#39;item2&#39; will expire after 300 seconds</span>
-<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mark_as_temp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;item2&#39;</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="mi">300</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="c1">// &#39;item&#39; will be erased after 300 seconds, while &#39;item2&#39;</span>
-<span class="c1">// will do so after only 240 seconds</span>
-<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mark_as_temp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span>
- <span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">300</span><span class="p">,</span>
- <span class="s1">&#39;item2&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="mi">240</span>
-<span class="p">));</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>To add tempdata:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$_SESSION</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">mark_as_temp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">300</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// Expire in 5 minutes</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Or alternatively, using the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_tempdata()</span></code> method:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_tempdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;value&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">300</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>You can also pass an array to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_tempdata()</span></code>:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$tempdata</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;newuser&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;message&#39;</span> <span class="o">=&gt;</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Thanks for joining!&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">set_tempdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$tempdata</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$expire</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">If the expiration is omitted or set to 0, the default
-time-to-live value of 300 seconds (or 5 minutes) will be used.</p>
-</div>
-<p>To read a tempdata variable, again you can just access it through the
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> superglobal array:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$_SESSION</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition important">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
-<p class="last">The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">userdata()</span></code> method will NOT return tempdata items.</p>
-</div>
-<p>Or if you want to be sure that you’re reading “tempdata” (and not any
-other kind), you can also use the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tempdata()</span></code> method:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">tempdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>And of course, if you want to retrieve all existing tempdata:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">tempdata</span><span class="p">();</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tempdata()</span></code> method returns NULL if the item cannot be
-found.</p>
-</div>
-<p>If you need to remove a tempdata value before it expires, you can directly
-unset it from the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> array:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">unset</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$_SESSION</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">]);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>However, this won’t remove the marker that makes this specific item to be
-tempdata (it will be invalidated on the next HTTP request), so if you
-intend to reuse that same key in the same request, you’d want to use
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unset_tempdata()</span></code>:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">unset_tempdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;item&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="destroying-a-session">
-<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id13">Destroying a Session</a><a class="headerlink" href="#destroying-a-session" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>To clear the current session (for example, during a logout), you may
-simply use either PHP’s <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/session_destroy">session_destroy()</a>
-function, or the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sess_destroy()</span></code> method. Both will work in exactly the
-same way:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">session_destroy</span><span class="p">();</span>
-
-<span class="c1">// or</span>
-
-<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">sess_destroy</span><span class="p">();</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">This must be the last session-related operation that you do
-during the same request. All session data (including flashdata and
-tempdata) will be destroyed permanently and functions will be
-unusable during the same request after you destroy the session.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="accessing-session-metadata">
-<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id14">Accessing session metadata</a><a class="headerlink" href="#accessing-session-metadata" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>In previous CodeIgniter versions, the session data array included 4 items
-by default: ‘session_id’, ‘ip_address’, ‘user_agent’, ‘last_activity’.</p>
-<p>This was due to the specifics of how sessions worked, but is now no longer
-necessary with our new implementation. However, it may happen that your
-application relied on these values, so here are alternative methods of
-accessing them:</p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><ul class="simple">
-<li>session_id: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">session_id()</span></code></li>
-<li>ip_address: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']</span></code></li>
-<li>user_agent: <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;input-&gt;user_agent()</span></code> (unused by sessions)</li>
-<li>last_activity: Depends on the storage, no straightforward way. Sorry!</li>
-</ul>
-</div></blockquote>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="session-preferences">
-<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id15">Session Preferences</a><a class="headerlink" href="#session-preferences" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>CodeIgniter will usually make everything work out of the box. However,
-Sessions are a very sensitive component of any application, so some
-careful configuration must be done. Please take your time to consider
-all of the options and their effects.</p>
-<p>You’ll find the following Session related preferences in your
-<strong>application/config/config.php</strong> file:</p>
-<table border="1" class="docutils">
-<colgroup>
-<col width="16%" />
-<col width="9%" />
-<col width="23%" />
-<col width="53%" />
-</colgroup>
-<thead valign="bottom">
-<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Preference</th>
-<th class="head">Default</th>
-<th class="head">Options</th>
-<th class="head">Description</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>sess_driver</strong></td>
-<td>files</td>
-<td>files/database/redis/memcached/<em>custom</em></td>
-<td>The session storage driver to use.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>sess_cookie_name</strong></td>
-<td>ci_session</td>
-<td>[A-Za-z_-] characters only</td>
-<td>The name used for the session cookie.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>sess_expiration</strong></td>
-<td>7200 (2 hours)</td>
-<td>Time in seconds (integer)</td>
-<td>The number of seconds you would like the session to last.
-If you would like a non-expiring session (until browser is closed) set the value to zero: 0</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>sess_save_path</strong></td>
-<td>NULL</td>
-<td>None</td>
-<td>Specifies the storage location, depends on the driver being used.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>sess_match_ip</strong></td>
-<td>FALSE</td>
-<td>TRUE/FALSE (boolean)</td>
-<td>Whether to validate the user’s IP address when reading the session cookie.
-Note that some ISPs dynamically changes the IP, so if you want a non-expiring session you
-will likely set this to FALSE.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>sess_time_to_update</strong></td>
-<td>300</td>
-<td>Time in seconds (integer)</td>
-<td>This option controls how often the session class will regenerate itself and create a new
-session ID. Setting it to 0 will disable session ID regeneration.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>sess_regenerate_destroy</strong></td>
-<td>FALSE</td>
-<td>TRUE/FALSE (boolean)</td>
-<td>Whether to destroy session data associated with the old session ID when auto-regenerating
-the session ID. When set to FALSE, the data will be later deleted by the garbage collector.</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">As a last resort, the Session library will try to fetch PHP’s
-session related INI settings, as well as legacy CI settings such as
-‘sess_expire_on_close’ when any of the above is not configured.
-However, you should never rely on this behavior as it can cause
-unexpected results or be changed in the future. Please configure
-everything properly.</p>
-</div>
-<p>In addition to the values above, the cookie and native drivers apply the
-following configuration values shared by the <a class="reference internal" href="input.html"><span class="doc">Input</span></a> and
-<a class="reference internal" href="security.html"><span class="doc">Security</span></a> classes:</p>
-<table border="1" class="docutils">
-<colgroup>
-<col width="17%" />
-<col width="14%" />
-<col width="69%" />
-</colgroup>
-<thead valign="bottom">
-<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Preference</th>
-<th class="head">Default</th>
-<th class="head">Description</th>
-</tr>
-</thead>
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>cookie_domain</strong></td>
-<td>‘’</td>
-<td>The domain for which the session is applicable</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="row-odd"><td><strong>cookie_path</strong></td>
-<td>/</td>
-<td>The path to which the session is applicable</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="row-even"><td><strong>cookie_secure</strong></td>
-<td>FALSE</td>
-<td>Whether to create the session cookie only on encrypted (HTTPS) connections</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">The ‘cookie_httponly’ setting doesn’t have an effect on sessions.
-Instead the HttpOnly parameter is always enabled, for security
-reasons. Additionally, the ‘cookie_prefix’ setting is completely
-ignored.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="session-drivers">
-<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id16">Session Drivers</a><a class="headerlink" href="#session-drivers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
-<p>As already mentioned, the Session library comes with 4 drivers, or storage
-engines, that you can use:</p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><ul class="simple">
-<li>files</li>
-<li>database</li>
-<li>redis</li>
-<li>memcached</li>
-</ul>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>By default, the <a class="reference internal" href="#files-driver">Files Driver</a> will be used when a session is initialized,
-because it is the most safe choice and is expected to work everywhere
-(virtually every environment has a file system).</p>
-<p>However, any other driver may be selected via the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_driver']</span></code>
-line in your <strong>application/config/config.php</strong> file, if you chose to do so.
-Have it in mind though, every driver has different caveats, so be sure to
-get yourself familiar with them (below) before you make that choice.</p>
-<p>In addition, you may also create and use <a class="reference internal" href="#custom-drivers">Custom Drivers</a>, if the ones
-provided by default don’t satisfy your use case.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">In previous CodeIgniter versions, a different, “cookie driver”
-was the only option and we have received negative feedback on not
-providing that option. While we do listen to feedback from the
-community, we want to warn you that it was dropped because it is
-<strong>unsafe</strong> and we advise you NOT to try to replicate it via a
-custom driver.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="files-driver">
-<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id17">Files Driver</a><a class="headerlink" href="#files-driver" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
-<p>The ‘files’ driver uses your file system for storing session data.</p>
-<p>It can safely be said that it works exactly like PHP’s own default session
-implementation, but in case this is an important detail for you, have it
-mind that it is in fact not the same code and it has some limitations
-(and advantages).</p>
-<p>To be more specific, it doesn’t support PHP’s <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/manual/en/session.configuration.php#ini.session.save-path">directory level and mode
-formats used in session.save_path</a>,
-and it has most of the options hard-coded for safety. Instead, only
-absolute paths are supported for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_save_path']</span></code>.</p>
-<p>Another important thing that you should know, is to make sure that you
-don’t use a publicly-readable or shared directory for storing your session
-files. Make sure that <em>only you</em> have access to see the contents of your
-chosen <em>sess_save_path</em> directory. Otherwise, anybody who can do that, can
-also steal any of the current sessions (also known as “session fixation”
-attack).</p>
-<p>On UNIX-like operating systems, this is usually achieved by setting the
-0700 mode permissions on that directory via the <cite>chmod</cite> command, which
-allows only the directory’s owner to perform read and write operations on
-it. But be careful because the system user <em>running</em> the script is usually
-not your own, but something like ‘www-data’ instead, so only setting those
-permissions will probable break your application.</p>
-<p>Instead, you should do something like this, depending on your environment</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">mkdir</span> <span class="o">/&lt;</span><span class="nx">path</span> <span class="nx">to</span> <span class="nx">your</span> <span class="nx">application</span> <span class="nx">directory</span><span class="o">&gt;/</span><span class="nx">sessions</span><span class="o">/</span>
-<span class="nb">chmod</span> <span class="mo">0700</span> <span class="o">/&lt;</span><span class="nx">path</span> <span class="nx">to</span> <span class="nx">your</span> <span class="nx">application</span> <span class="nx">directory</span><span class="o">&gt;/</span><span class="nx">sessions</span><span class="o">/</span>
-<span class="nb">chown</span> <span class="nx">www</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="nx">data</span> <span class="o">/&lt;</span><span class="nx">path</span> <span class="nx">to</span> <span class="nx">your</span> <span class="nx">application</span> <span class="nx">directory</span><span class="o">&gt;/</span><span class="nx">sessions</span><span class="o">/</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="bonus-tip">
-<h5><a class="toc-backref" href="#id18">Bonus Tip</a><a class="headerlink" href="#bonus-tip" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h5>
-<p>Some of you will probably opt to choose another session driver because
-file storage is usually slower. This is only half true.</p>
-<p>A very basic test will probably trick you into believing that an SQL
-database is faster, but in 99% of the cases, this is only true while you
-only have a few current sessions. As the sessions count and server loads
-increase - which is the time when it matters - the file system will
-consistently outperform almost all relational database setups.</p>
-<p>In addition, if performance is your only concern, you may want to look
-into using <a class="reference external" href="http://eddmann.com/posts/storing-php-sessions-file-caches-in-memory-using-tmpfs/">tmpfs</a>,
-(warning: external resource), which can make your sessions blazing fast.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="database-driver">
-<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id19">Database Driver</a><a class="headerlink" href="#database-driver" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
-<p>The ‘database’ driver uses a relational database such as MySQL or
-PostgreSQL to store sessions. This is a popular choice among many users,
-because it allows the developer easy access to the session data within
-an application - it is just another table in your database.</p>
-<p>However, there are some conditions that must be met:</p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><ul class="simple">
-<li>Only your <strong>default</strong> database connection (or the one that you access
-as <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;db</span></code> from your controllers) can be used.</li>
-<li>You must have the <a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html"><span class="doc">Query Builder</span></a>
-enabled.</li>
-<li>You can NOT use a persistent connection.</li>
-<li>You can NOT use a connection with the <em>cache_on</em> setting enabled.</li>
-</ul>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>In order to use the ‘database’ session driver, you must also create this
-table that we already mentioned and then set it as your
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_save_path']</span></code> value.
-For example, if you would like to use ‘ci_sessions’ as your table name,
-you would do this:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;sess_driver&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;database&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;sess_save_path&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;ci_sessions&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">If you’ve upgraded from a previous version of CodeIgniter and
-you don’t have ‘sess_save_path’ configured, then the Session
-library will look for the old ‘sess_table_name’ setting and use
-it instead. Please don’t rely on this behavior as it will get
-removed in the future.</p>
-</div>
-<p>And then of course, create the database table …</p>
-<p>For MySQL:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">CREATE</span> <span class="nx">TABLE</span> <span class="k">IF</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="nx">EXISTS</span> <span class="sb">`ci_sessions`</span> <span class="p">(</span>
- <span class="sb">`id`</span> <span class="nx">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span>
- <span class="sb">`ip_address`</span> <span class="nx">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span>
- <span class="sb">`timestamp`</span> <span class="nx">int</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nx">unsigned</span> <span class="k">DEFAULT</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span>
- <span class="sb">`data`</span> <span class="nx">blob</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span>
- <span class="nx">KEY</span> <span class="sb">`ci_sessions_timestamp`</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="sb">`timestamp`</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>For PostgreSQL:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">CREATE</span> <span class="nx">TABLE</span> <span class="s2">&quot;ci_sessions&quot;</span> <span class="p">(</span>
- <span class="s2">&quot;id&quot;</span> <span class="nx">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span>
- <span class="s2">&quot;ip_address&quot;</span> <span class="nx">varchar</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">45</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span>
- <span class="s2">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span> <span class="nx">bigint</span> <span class="k">DEFAULT</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">,</span>
- <span class="s2">&quot;data&quot;</span> <span class="nx">text</span> <span class="k">DEFAULT</span> <span class="s1">&#39;&#39;</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">NULL</span>
-<span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="nx">CREATE</span> <span class="nx">INDEX</span> <span class="s2">&quot;ci_sessions_timestamp&quot;</span> <span class="nx">ON</span> <span class="s2">&quot;ci_sessions&quot;</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;timestamp&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>You will also need to add a PRIMARY KEY <strong>depending on your ‘sess_match_ip’
-setting</strong>. The examples below work both on MySQL and PostgreSQL:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// When sess_match_ip = TRUE</span>
-<span class="nx">ALTER</span> <span class="nx">TABLE</span> <span class="nx">ci_sessions</span> <span class="nx">ADD</span> <span class="nx">PRIMARY</span> <span class="nx">KEY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">ip_address</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="c1">// When sess_match_ip = FALSE</span>
-<span class="nx">ALTER</span> <span class="nx">TABLE</span> <span class="nx">ci_sessions</span> <span class="nx">ADD</span> <span class="nx">PRIMARY</span> <span class="nx">KEY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">id</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
-<span class="c1">// To drop a previously created primary key (use when changing the setting)</span>
-<span class="nx">ALTER</span> <span class="nx">TABLE</span> <span class="nx">ci_sessions</span> <span class="nx">DROP</span> <span class="nx">PRIMARY</span> <span class="nx">KEY</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition important">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
-<p class="last">Only MySQL and PostgreSQL databases are officially
-supported, due to lack of advisory locking mechanisms on other
-platforms. Using sessions without locks can cause all sorts of
-problems, especially with heavy usage of AJAX, and we will not
-support such cases. Use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">session_write_close()</span></code> after you’ve
-done processing session data if you’re having performance
-issues.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="redis-driver">
-<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id20">Redis Driver</a><a class="headerlink" href="#redis-driver" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">Since Redis doesn’t have a locking mechanism exposed, locks for
-this driver are emulated by a separate value that is kept for up
-to 300 seconds.</p>
-</div>
-<p>Redis is a storage engine typically used for caching and popular because
-of its high performance, which is also probably your reason to use the
-‘redis’ session driver.</p>
-<p>The downside is that it is not as ubiquitous as relational databases and
-requires the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/phpredis/phpredis">phpredis</a> PHP
-extension to be installed on your system, and that one doesn’t come
-bundled with PHP.
-Chances are, you’re only be using the ‘redis’ driver only if you’re already
-both familiar with Redis and using it for other purposes.</p>
-<p>Just as with the ‘files’ and ‘database’ drivers, you must also configure
-the storage location for your sessions via the
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_save_path']</span></code> setting.
-The format here is a bit different and complicated at the same time. It is
-best explained by the <em>phpredis</em> extension’s README file, so we’ll simply
-link you to it:</p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/phpredis/phpredis#php-session-handler">https://github.com/phpredis/phpredis#php-session-handler</a></div></blockquote>
-<div class="admonition warning">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Warning</p>
-<p class="last">CodeIgniter’s Session library does NOT use the actual ‘redis’
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">session.save_handler</span></code>. Take note <strong>only</strong> of the path format in
-the link above.</p>
-</div>
-<p>For the most common case however, a simple <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">host:port</span></code> pair should be
-sufficient:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;sess_driver&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;redis&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;sess_save_path&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;tcp://localhost:6379&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="memcached-driver">
-<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id21">Memcached Driver</a><a class="headerlink" href="#memcached-driver" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">Since Memcache doesn’t have a locking mechanism exposed, locks
-for this driver are emulated by a separate value that is kept for
-up to 300 seconds.</p>
-</div>
-<p>The ‘memcached’ driver is very similar to the ‘redis’ one in all of its
-properties, except perhaps for availability, because PHP’s <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/memcached">Memcached</a> extension is distributed via PECL and some
-Linux distrubutions make it available as an easy to install package.</p>
-<p>Other than that, and without any intentional bias towards Redis, there’s
-not much different to be said about Memcached - it is also a popular
-product that is usually used for caching and famed for its speed.</p>
-<p>However, it is worth noting that the only guarantee given by Memcached
-is that setting value X to expire after Y seconds will result in it being
-deleted after Y seconds have passed (but not necessarily that it won’t
-expire earlier than that time). This happens very rarely, but should be
-considered as it may result in loss of sessions.</p>
-<p>The <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_save_path']</span></code> format is fairly straightforward here,
-being just a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">host:port</span></code> pair:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;sess_driver&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;memcached&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;sess_save_path&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost:11211&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="id1">
-<h5><a class="toc-backref" href="#id22">Bonus Tip</a><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h5>
-<p>Multi-server configuration with an optional <em>weight</em> parameter as the
-third colon-separated (<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">:weight</span></code>) value is also supported, but we have
-to note that we haven’t tested if that is reliable.</p>
-<p>If you want to experiment with this feature (on your own risk), simply
-separate the multiple server paths with commas:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// localhost will be given higher priority (5) here,</span>
-<span class="c1">// compared to 192.0.2.1 with a weight of 1.</span>
-<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;sess_save_path&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;localhost:11211:5,192.0.2.1:11211:1&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="custom-drivers">
-<h4><a class="toc-backref" href="#id23">Custom Drivers</a><a class="headerlink" href="#custom-drivers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4>
-<p>You may also create your own, custom session drivers. However, have it in
-mind that this is typically not an easy task, as it takes a lot of
-knowledge to do it properly.</p>
-<p>You need to know not only how sessions work in general, but also how they
-work specifically in PHP, how the underlying storage mechanism works, how
-to handle concurrency, avoid deadlocks (but NOT through lack of locks) and
-last but not least - how to handle the potential security issues, which
-is far from trivial.</p>
-<p>Long story short - if you don’t know how to do that already in raw PHP,
-you shouldn’t be trying to do it within CodeIgniter either. You’ve been
-warned.</p>
-<p>If you only want to add some extra functionality to your sessions, just
-extend the base Session class, which is a lot more easier. Read the
-<a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html"><span class="doc">Creating Libraries</span></a> article to
-learn how to do that.</p>
-<p>Now, to the point - there are three general rules that you must follow
-when creating a session driver for CodeIgniter:</p>
-<blockquote>
-<div><ul>
-<li><p class="first">Put your driver’s file under <strong>application/libraries/Session/drivers/</strong>
-and follow the naming conventions used by the Session class.</p>
-<p>For example, if you were to create a ‘dummy’ driver, you would have
-a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">Session_dummy_driver</span></code> class name, that is declared in
-<em>application/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_dummy_driver.php</em>.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p class="first">Extend the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Session_driver</span></code> class.</p>
-<p>This is just a basic class with a few internal helper methods. It is
-also extendable like any other library, if you really need to do that,
-but we are not going to explain how … if you’re familiar with how
-class extensions/overrides work in CI, then you already know how to do
-it. If not, well, you shouldn’t be doing it in the first place.</p>
-</li>
-<li><p class="first">Implement the <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/sessionhandlerinterface">SessionHandlerInterface</a> interface.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">You may notice that <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">SessionHandlerInterface</span></code> is provided
-by PHP since version 5.4.0. CodeIgniter will automatically declare
-the same interface if you’re running an older PHP version.</p>
-</div>
-<p>The link will explain why and how.</p>
-</li>
-</ul>
-</div></blockquote>
-<p>So, based on our ‘dummy’ driver example above, you’d end up with something
-like this:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// application/libraries/Session/drivers/Session_dummy_driver.php:</span>
-
-<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">CI_Session_dummy_driver</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Session_driver</span> <span class="k">implements</span> <span class="nx">SessionHandlerInterface</span>
-<span class="p">{</span>
-
- <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">__construct</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="nv">$params</span><span class="p">)</span>
- <span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="c1">// DO NOT forget this</span>
- <span class="k">parent</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="na">__construct</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$params</span><span class="p">);</span>
-
- <span class="c1">// Configuration &amp; other initializations</span>
- <span class="p">}</span>
-
- <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$save_path</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$name</span><span class="p">)</span>
- <span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="c1">// Initialize storage mechanism (connection)</span>
- <span class="p">}</span>
-
- <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$session_id</span><span class="p">)</span>
- <span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="c1">// Read session data (if exists), acquire locks</span>
- <span class="p">}</span>
-
- <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$session_id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$session_data</span><span class="p">)</span>
- <span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="c1">// Create / update session data (it might not exist!)</span>
- <span class="p">}</span>
-
- <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
- <span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="c1">// Free locks, close connections / streams / etc.</span>
- <span class="p">}</span>
-
- <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">destroy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$session_id</span><span class="p">)</span>
- <span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="c1">// Call close() method &amp; destroy data for current session (order may differ)</span>
- <span class="p">}</span>
-
- <span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">gc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$maxlifetime</span><span class="p">)</span>
- <span class="p">{</span>
- <span class="c1">// Erase data for expired sessions</span>
- <span class="p">}</span>
-
-<span class="p">}</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>If you’ve done everything properly, you can now set your <em>sess_driver</em>
-configuration value to ‘dummy’ and use your own driver. Congratulations!</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-<div class="section" id="class-reference">
-<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id24">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
-<dl class="class">
-<dt id="CI_Session">
-<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Session</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::userdata">
-<code class="descname">userdata</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$key = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::userdata" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Session item key or NULL</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Value of the specified item key, or an array of all userdata</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Gets the value for a specific <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> item, or an
-array of all “userdata” items if not key was specified.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">This is a legacy method kept only for backwards
-compatibility with older applications. You should
-directly access <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> instead.</p>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::all_userdata">
-<code class="descname">all_userdata</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::all_userdata" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An array of all userdata</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns an array containing all “userdata” items.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">This method is DEPRECATED. Use <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">userdata()</span></code>
-with no parameters instead.</p>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt>
-<code class="descname">&amp;get_userdata()</code></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">A reference to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code></td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Returns a reference to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> array.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">This is a legacy method kept only for backwards
-compatibility with older applications.</p>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::has_userdata">
-<code class="descname">has_userdata</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$key</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::has_userdata" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Session item key</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE if the specified key exists, FALSE if not</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Checks if an item exists in <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code>.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">This is a legacy method kept only for backwards
-compatibility with older applications. It is just
-an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">isset($_SESSION[$key])</span></code> - please
-use that instead.</p>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::set_userdata">
-<code class="descname">set_userdata</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$data</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::set_userdata" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – An array of key/value pairs to set as session data, or the key for a single item</li>
-<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – The value to set for a specific session item, if $data is a key</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Assigns data to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> superglobal.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">This is a legacy method kept only for backwards
-compatibility with older applications.</p>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::unset_userdata">
-<code class="descname">unset_userdata</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$key</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::unset_userdata" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Key for the session data item to unset, or an array of multiple keys</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Unsets the specified key(s) from the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code>
-superglobal.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">This is a legacy method kept only for backwards
-compatibility with older applications. It is just
-an alias for <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unset($_SESSION[$key])</span></code> - please
-use that instead.</p>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::mark_as_flash">
-<code class="descname">mark_as_flash</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$key</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::mark_as_flash" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Key to mark as flashdata, or an array of multiple keys</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Marks a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> item key (or multiple ones) as
-“flashdata”.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::get_flash_keys">
-<code class="descname">get_flash_keys</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::get_flash_keys" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Array containing the keys of all “flashdata” items.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Gets a list of all <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> that have been marked as
-“flashdata”.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::unmark_flash">
-<code class="descname">unmark_flash</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$key</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::unmark_flash" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Key to be un-marked as flashdata, or an array of multiple keys</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Unmarks a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> item key (or multiple ones) as
-“flashdata”.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::flashdata">
-<code class="descname">flashdata</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$key = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::flashdata" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Flashdata item key or NULL</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Value of the specified item key, or an array of all flashdata</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Gets the value for a specific <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> item that has
-been marked as “flashdata”, or an array of all “flashdata”
-items if no key was specified.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">This is a legacy method kept only for backwards
-compatibility with older applications. You should
-directly access <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> instead.</p>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::keep_flashdata">
-<code class="descname">keep_flashdata</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$key</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::keep_flashdata" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Flashdata key to keep, or an array of multiple keys</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Retains the specified session data key(s) as “flashdata”
-through the next request.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">This is a legacy method kept only for backwards
-compatibility with older applications. It is just
-an alias for the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mark_as_flash()</span></code> method.</p>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::set_flashdata">
-<code class="descname">set_flashdata</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$data</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::set_flashdata" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – An array of key/value pairs to set as flashdata, or the key for a single item</li>
-<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – The value to set for a specific session item, if $data is a key</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Assigns data to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> superglobal and marks it
-as “flashdata”.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">This is a legacy method kept only for backwards
-compatibility with older applications.</p>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::mark_as_temp">
-<code class="descname">mark_as_temp</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$key</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$ttl = 300</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::mark_as_temp" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Key to mark as tempdata, or an array of multiple keys</li>
-<li><strong>$ttl</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Time-to-live value for the tempdata, in seconds</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">TRUE on success, FALSE on failure</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">bool</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Marks a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> item key (or multiple ones) as
-“tempdata”.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::get_temp_keys">
-<code class="descname">get_temp_keys</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::get_temp_keys" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Array containing the keys of all “tempdata” items.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">array</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Gets a list of all <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> that have been marked as
-“tempdata”.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::unmark_temp">
-<code class="descname">unmark_temp</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$key</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::unmark_temp" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Key to be un-marked as tempdata, or an array of multiple keys</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Unmarks a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> item key (or multiple ones) as
-“tempdata”.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::tempdata">
-<code class="descname">tempdata</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$key = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::tempdata" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Tempdata item key or NULL</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Value of the specified item key, or an array of all tempdata</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Gets the value for a specific <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> item that has
-been marked as “tempdata”, or an array of all “tempdata”
-items if no key was specified.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">This is a legacy method kept only for backwards
-compatibility with older applications. You should
-directly access <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> instead.</p>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::set_tempdata">
-<code class="descname">set_tempdata</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$data</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$value = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::set_tempdata" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$data</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – An array of key/value pairs to set as tempdata, or the key for a single item</li>
-<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – The value to set for a specific session item, if $data is a key</li>
-<li><strong>$ttl</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Time-to-live value for the tempdata item(s), in seconds</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Assigns data to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> superglobal and marks it
-as “tempdata”.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">This is a legacy method kept only for backwards
-compatibility with older applications.</p>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::sess_regenerate">
-<code class="descname">sess_regenerate</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$destroy = FALSE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::sess_regenerate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$destroy</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to destroy session data</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Regenerate session ID, optionally destroying the current
-session’s data.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">This method is just an alias for PHP’s native
-<a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/session_regenerate_id">session_regenerate_id()</a> function.</p>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::sess_destroy">
-<code class="descname">sess_destroy</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::sess_destroy" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">void</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>Destroys the current session.</p>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">This must be the <em>last</em> session-related function
-that you call. All session data will be lost after
-you do that.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="admonition note">
-<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
-<p class="last">This method is just an alias for PHP’s native
-<a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/session_destroy">session_destroy()</a> function.</p>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::__get">
-<code class="descname">__get</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$key</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::__get" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Session item key</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The requested session data item, or NULL if it doesn’t exist</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>A magic method that allows you to use
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;session-&gt;item</span></code> instead of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION['item']</span></code>,
-if that’s what you prefer.</p>
-<p>It will also return the session ID by calling
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">session_id()</span></code> if you try to access
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;session-&gt;session_id</span></code>.</p>
-</dd></dl>
-
-<dl class="method">
-<dt id="CI_Session::__set">
-<code class="descname">__set</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$key</em>, <em>$value</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Session::__set" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
-<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
-<col class="field-name" />
-<col class="field-body" />
-<tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
-<li><strong>$key</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Session item key</li>
-<li><strong>$value</strong> (<em>mixed</em>) – Value to assign to the session item key</li>
-</ul>
-</td>
-</tr>
-<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
-</td>
-</tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
-<p>A magic method that allows you to assign items to
-<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> by accessing them as <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this-&gt;session</span></code>
-properties:</p>
-<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="na">foo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;bar&#39;</span><span class="p">;</span>
-
-<span class="c1">// Results in:</span>
-<span class="c1">// $_SESSION[&#39;foo&#39;] = &#39;bar&#39;;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-</dd></dl>
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