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diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/database/configuration.rst b/user_guide_src/source/database/configuration.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a19c840f --- /dev/null +++ b/user_guide_src/source/database/configuration.rst @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +###################### +Database Configuration +###################### + +CodeIgniter has a config file that lets you store your database +connection values (username, password, database name, etc.). The config +file is located at application/config/database.php. You can also set +database connection values for specific +:doc:`environments <../libraries/config>` by placing **database.php** +it the respective environment config folder. + +The config settings are stored in a multi-dimensional array with this +prototype:: + + $db['default']['hostname'] = "localhost"; + $db['default']['username'] = "root"; + $db['default']['password'] = ""; + $db['default']['database'] = "database_name"; + $db['default']['dbdriver'] = "mysql"; + $db['default']['dbprefix'] = ""; + $db['default']['pconnect'] = TRUE; + $db['default']['db_debug'] = FALSE; + $db['default']['cache_on'] = FALSE; + $db['default']['cachedir'] = ""; + $db['default']['char_set'] = "utf8"; + $db['default']['dbcollat'] = "utf8_general_ci"; + $db['default']['swap_pre'] = ""; + $db['default']['autoinit'] = TRUE; + $db['default']['stricton'] = FALSE; + +If you use PDO as your dbdriver, you can specify the full DSN string describe a connection to the database like this:: + + $db['default']['dsn'] = 'pgsql:host=localhost;port=5432;dbname=database_name'; + +You can also specify failovers for the situation when the main connection cannot connect for some reason. +These failovers can be specified by setting the failover for a connection like this:: + + $db['default']['failover'] = array( + array( + 'hostname' => 'localhost1', + 'username' => '', + 'password' => '', + 'database' => '', + 'dbdriver' => 'mysql', + 'dbprefix' => '', + 'pconnect' => TRUE, + 'db_debug' => TRUE, + 'cache_on' => FALSE, + 'cachedir' => '', + 'char_set' => 'utf8', + 'dbcollat' => 'utf8_general_ci', + 'swap_pre' => '', + 'autoinit' => TRUE, + 'stricton' => FALSE + ), + array( + 'hostname' => 'localhost2', + 'username' => '', + 'password' => '', + 'database' => '', + 'dbdriver' => 'mysql', + 'dbprefix' => '', + 'pconnect' => TRUE, + 'db_debug' => TRUE, + 'cache_on' => FALSE, + 'cachedir' => '', + 'char_set' => 'utf8', + 'dbcollat' => 'utf8_general_ci', + 'swap_pre' => '', + 'autoinit' => TRUE, + 'stricton' => FALSE + ) + ); + +You can specify as many failovers as you like. + +The reason we use a multi-dimensional array rather than a more simple +one is to permit you to optionally store multiple sets of connection +values. If, for example, you run multiple environments (development, +production, test, etc.) under a single installation, you can set up a +connection group for each, then switch between groups as needed. For +example, to set up a "test" environment you would do this:: + + $db['test']['hostname'] = "localhost"; + $db['test']['username'] = "root"; + $db['test']['password'] = ""; + $db['test']['database'] = "database_name"; + $db['test']['dbdriver'] = "mysql"; + $db['test']['dbprefix'] = ""; + $db['test']['pconnect'] = TRUE; + $db['test']['db_debug'] = FALSE; + $db['test']['cache_on'] = FALSE; + $db['test']['cachedir'] = ""; + $db['test']['char_set'] = "utf8"; + $db['test']['dbcollat'] = "utf8_general_ci"; + $db['test']['swap_pre'] = ""; + $db['test']['autoinit'] = TRUE; + $db['test']['stricton'] = FALSE; + +Then, to globally tell the system to use that group you would set this +variable located in the config file:: + + $active_group = "test"; + +Note: The name "test" is arbitrary. It can be anything you want. By +default we've used the word "default" for the primary connection, but it +too can be renamed to something more relevant to your project. + +Query Builder +------------- + +The :doc:`Query Builder Class <query_builder>` is globally enabled or +disabled by setting the $query_builder variable in the database +configuration file to TRUE/FALSE (boolean). If you are not using the +query builder class, setting it to FALSE will utilize fewer resources +when the database classes are initialized. + +:: + + $query_builder = TRUE; + +.. note:: that some CodeIgniter classes such as Sessions require Active + Records be enabled to access certain functionality. + +Explanation of Values: +---------------------- + +====================== ================================================================================================== + Name Config Description +====================== ================================================================================================== +**hostname** The hostname of your database server. Often this is "localhost". +**username** The username used to connect to the database. +**password** The password used to connect to the database. +**database** The name of the database you want to connect to. +**dbdriver** The database type. ie: mysql, postgre, odbc, etc. Must be specified in lower case. +**dbprefix** An optional table prefix which will added to the table name when running :doc: + `Query Builder <query_builder>` queries. This permits multiple CodeIgniter installations + to share one database. +**pconnect** TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether to use a persistent connection. +**db_debug** TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether database errors should be displayed. +**cache_on** TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether database query caching is enabled, + see also :doc:`Database Caching Class <caching>`. +**cachedir** The absolute server path to your database query cache directory. +**char_set** The character set used in communicating with the database. +**dbcollat** The character collation used in communicating with the database + + .. note:: For MySQL and MySQLi databases, this setting is only used + as a backup if your server is running PHP < 5.2.3 or MySQL < 5.0.7 + (and in table creation queries made with DB Forge). There is an + incompatibility in PHP with mysql_real_escape_string() which can + make your site vulnerable to SQL injection if you are using a + multi-byte character set and are running versions lower than these. + Sites using Latin-1 or UTF-8 database character set and collation are + unaffected. + +**swap_pre** A default table prefix that should be swapped with dbprefix. This is useful for distributed + applications where you might run manually written queries, and need the prefix to still be + customizable by the end user. +**autoinit** Whether or not to automatically connect to the database when the library loads. If set to false, + the connection will take place prior to executing the first query. +**stricton** TRUE/FALSE (boolean) - Whether to force "Strict Mode" connections, good for ensuring strict SQL + while developing an application. +**port** The database port number. To use this value you have to add a line to the database config array. + :: + + $db['default']['port'] = 5432; +====================== ================================================================================================== + +.. note:: Depending on what database platform you are using (MySQL, PostgreSQL, + etc.) not all values will be needed. For example, when using SQLite you + will not need to supply a username or password, and the database name + will be the path to your database file. The information above assumes + you are using MySQL. |