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Diffstat (limited to 'user_guide_src/source/tutorial')
| -rw-r--r-- | user_guide_src/source/tutorial/conclusion.rst | 26 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | user_guide_src/source/tutorial/create_news_items.rst | 153 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | user_guide_src/source/tutorial/index.rst | 46 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | user_guide_src/source/tutorial/news_section.rst | 218 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | user_guide_src/source/tutorial/static_pages.rst | 170 |
5 files changed, 0 insertions, 613 deletions
diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/conclusion.rst b/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/conclusion.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 0d90cde6f..000000000 --- a/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/conclusion.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,26 +0,0 @@ -########## -Conclusion -########## - -This tutorial did not cover all of the things you might expect of a -full-fledged content management system, but it introduced you to the -more important topics of routing, writing controllers, and models. We -hope this tutorial gave you an insight into some of CodeIgniter's basic -design patterns, which you can expand upon. - -Now that you've completed this tutorial, we recommend you check out the -rest of the documentation. CodeIgniter is often praised because of its -comprehensive documentation. Use this to your advantage and read the -"Introduction" and "General Topics" sections thoroughly. You should read -the class and helper references when needed. - -Every intermediate PHP programmer should be able to get the hang of -CodeIgniter within a few days. - -If you still have questions about the framework or your own CodeIgniter -code, you can: - -- Check out our `forums <http://forum.codeigniter.com/>`_ -- Visit our `IRC chatroom <https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/wiki/IRC>`_ -- Explore the `Wiki <https://github.com/bcit-ci/CodeIgniter/wiki/>`_ - diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/create_news_items.rst b/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/create_news_items.rst deleted file mode 100644 index b53ef2d68..000000000 --- a/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/create_news_items.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,153 +0,0 @@ -################# -Create news items -################# - -You now know how you can read data from a database using CodeIgniter, but -you haven't written any information to the database yet. In this section -you'll expand your news controller and model created earlier to include -this functionality. - -Create a form -------------- - -To input data into the database you need to create a form where you can -input the information to be stored. This means you'll be needing a form -with two fields, one for the title and one for the text. You'll derive -the slug from our title in the model. Create the new view at -*application/views/news/create.php*. - -:: - - <h2><?php echo $title; ?></h2> - - <?php echo validation_errors(); ?> - - <?php echo form_open('news/create'); ?> - - <label for="title">Title</label> - <input type="text" name="title" /><br /> - - <label for="text">Text</label> - <textarea name="text"></textarea><br /> - - <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Create news item" /> - - </form> - -There are only two things here that probably look unfamiliar to you: the -``form_open()`` function and the ``validation_errors()`` function. - -The first function is provided by the :doc:`form -helper <../helpers/form_helper>` and renders the form element and -adds extra functionality, like adding a hidden :doc:`CSRF prevention -field <../libraries/security>`. The latter is used to report -errors related to form validation. - -Go back to your news controller. You're going to do two things here, -check whether the form was submitted and whether the submitted data -passed the validation rules. You'll use the :doc:`form -validation <../libraries/form_validation>` library to do this. - -:: - - public function create() - { - $this->load->helper('form'); - $this->load->library('form_validation'); - - $data['title'] = 'Create a news item'; - - $this->form_validation->set_rules('title', 'Title', 'required'); - $this->form_validation->set_rules('text', 'Text', 'required'); - - if ($this->form_validation->run() === FALSE) - { - $this->load->view('templates/header', $data); - $this->load->view('news/create'); - $this->load->view('templates/footer'); - - } - else - { - $this->news_model->set_news(); - $this->load->view('news/success'); - } - } - -The code above adds a lot of functionality. The first few lines load the -form helper and the form validation library. After that, rules for the -form validation are set. The ``set_rules()`` method takes three arguments; -the name of the input field, the name to be used in error messages, and -the rule. In this case the title and text fields are required. - -CodeIgniter has a powerful form validation library as demonstrated -above. You can read :doc:`more about this library -here <../libraries/form_validation>`. - -Continuing down, you can see a condition that checks whether the form -validation ran successfully. If it did not, the form is displayed, if it -was submitted **and** passed all the rules, the model is called. After -this, a view is loaded to display a success message. Create a view at -*application/views/news/success.php* and write a success message. - -Model ------ - -The only thing that remains is writing a method that writes the data to -the database. You'll use the Query Builder class to insert the -information and use the input library to get the posted data. Open up -the model created earlier and add the following: - -:: - - public function set_news() - { - $this->load->helper('url'); - - $slug = url_title($this->input->post('title'), 'dash', TRUE); - - $data = array( - 'title' => $this->input->post('title'), - 'slug' => $slug, - 'text' => $this->input->post('text') - ); - - return $this->db->insert('news', $data); - } - -This new method takes care of inserting the news item into the database. -The third line contains a new function, url\_title(). This function - -provided by the :doc:`URL helper <../helpers/url_helper>` - strips down -the string you pass it, replacing all spaces by dashes (-) and makes -sure everything is in lowercase characters. This leaves you with a nice -slug, perfect for creating URIs. - -Let's continue with preparing the record that is going to be inserted -later, inside the ``$data`` array. Each element corresponds with a column in -the database table created earlier. You might notice a new method here, -namely the ``post()`` method from the :doc:`input -library <../libraries/input>`. This method makes sure the data is -sanitized, protecting you from nasty attacks from others. The input -library is loaded by default. At last, you insert our ``$data`` array into -our database. - -Routing -------- - -Before you can start adding news items into your CodeIgniter application -you have to add an extra rule to *config/routes.php* file. Make sure your -file contains the following. This makes sure CodeIgniter sees 'create' -as a method instead of a news item's slug. - -:: - - $route['news/create'] = 'news/create'; - $route['news/(:any)'] = 'news/view/$1'; - $route['news'] = 'news'; - $route['(:any)'] = 'pages/view/$1'; - $route['default_controller'] = 'pages/view'; - -Now point your browser to your local development environment where you -installed CodeIgniter and add index.php/news/create to the URL. -Congratulations, you just created your first CodeIgniter application! -Add some news and check out the different pages you made. diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/index.rst b/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/index.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 91f99c7cd..000000000 --- a/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/index.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,46 +0,0 @@ -######## -Tutorial -######## - -This tutorial is intended to introduce you to the CodeIgniter framework -and the basic principles of MVC architecture. It will show you how a -basic CodeIgniter application is constructed in step-by-step fashion. - -In this tutorial, you will be creating a **basic news application**. You -will begin by writing the code that can load static pages. Next, you -will create a news section that reads news items from a database. -Finally, you'll add a form to create news items in the database. - -This tutorial will primarily focus on: - -- Model-View-Controller basics -- Routing basics -- Form validation -- Performing basic database queries using "Query Builder" - -The entire tutorial is split up over several pages, each explaining a -small part of the functionality of the CodeIgniter framework. You'll go -through the following pages: - -- Introduction, this page, which gives you an overview of what to - expect. -- :doc:`Static pages <static_pages>`, which will teach you the basics - of controllers, views and routing. -- :doc:`News section <news_section>`, where you'll start using models - and will be doing some basic database operations. -- :doc:`Create news items <create_news_items>`, which will introduce - more advanced database operations and form validation. -- :doc:`Conclusion <conclusion>`, which will give you some pointers on - further reading and other resources. - -Enjoy your exploration of the CodeIgniter framework. - -.. toctree:: - :glob: - :hidden: - :titlesonly: - - static_pages - news_section - create_news_items - conclusion
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/news_section.rst b/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/news_section.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 286d620dc..000000000 --- a/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/news_section.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,218 +0,0 @@ -############ -News section -############ - -In the last section, we went over some basic concepts of the framework -by writing a class that includes static pages. We cleaned up the URI by -adding custom routing rules. Now it's time to introduce dynamic content -and start using a database. - -Setting up your model ---------------------- - -Instead of writing database operations right in the controller, queries -should be placed in a model, so they can easily be reused later. Models -are the place where you retrieve, insert, and update information in your -database or other data stores. They represent your data. - -Open up the *application/models/* directory and create a new file called -*News_model.php* and add the following code. Make sure you've configured -your database properly as described :doc:`here <../database/configuration>`. - -:: - - <?php - class News_model extends CI_Model { - - public function __construct() - { - $this->load->database(); - } - } - -This code looks similar to the controller code that was used earlier. It -creates a new model by extending ``CI_Model`` and loads the database -library. This will make the database class available through the -``$this->db`` object. - -Before querying the database, a database schema has to be created. -Connect to your database and run the SQL command below (MySQL). -Also add some seed records. - -:: - - CREATE TABLE news ( - id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, - title varchar(128) NOT NULL, - slug varchar(128) NOT NULL, - text text NOT NULL, - PRIMARY KEY (id), - KEY slug (slug) - ); - -Now that the database and a model have been set up, you'll need a method -to get all of our posts from our database. To do this, the database -abstraction layer that is included with CodeIgniter — -:doc:`Query Builder <../database/query_builder>` — is used. This makes it -possible to write your 'queries' once and make them work on :doc:`all -supported database systems <../general/requirements>`. Add the -following code to your model. - -:: - - public function get_news($slug = FALSE) - { - if ($slug === FALSE) - { - $query = $this->db->get('news'); - return $query->result_array(); - } - - $query = $this->db->get_where('news', array('slug' => $slug)); - return $query->row_array(); - } - -With this code you can perform two different queries. You can get all -news records, or get a news item by its `slug <#>`_. You might have -noticed that the ``$slug`` variable wasn't sanitized before running the -query; :doc:`Query Builder <../database/query_builder>` does this for you. - -Display the news ----------------- - -Now that the queries are written, the model should be tied to the views -that are going to display the news items to the user. This could be done -in our ``Pages`` controller created earlier, but for the sake of clarity, -a new ``News`` controller is defined. Create the new controller at -*application/controllers/News.php*. - -:: - - <?php - class News extends CI_Controller { - - public function __construct() - { - parent::__construct(); - $this->load->model('news_model'); - $this->load->helper('url_helper'); - } - - public function index() - { - $data['news'] = $this->news_model->get_news(); - } - - public function view($slug = NULL) - { - $data['news_item'] = $this->news_model->get_news($slug); - } - } - -Looking at the code, you may see some similarity with the files we -created earlier. First, the ``__construct()`` method: it calls the -constructor of its parent class (``CI_Controller``) and loads the model, -so it can be used in all other methods in this controller. -It also loads a collection of :doc:`URL Helper <../helpers/url_helper>` -functions, because we'll use one of them in a view later. - -Next, there are two methods to view all news items and one for a specific -news item. You can see that the ``$slug`` variable is passed to the model's -method in the second method. The model is using this slug to identify the -news item to be returned. - -Now the data is retrieved by the controller through our model, but -nothing is displayed yet. The next thing to do is passing this data to -the views. - -:: - - public function index() - { - $data['news'] = $this->news_model->get_news(); - $data['title'] = 'News archive'; - - $this->load->view('templates/header', $data); - $this->load->view('news/index', $data); - $this->load->view('templates/footer'); - } - -The code above gets all news records from the model and assigns it to a -variable. The value for the title is also assigned to the ``$data['title']`` -element and all data is passed to the views. You now need to create a -view to render the news items. Create *application/views/news/index.php* -and add the next piece of code. - -:: - - <h2><?php echo $title; ?></h2> - - <?php foreach ($news as $news_item): ?> - - <h3><?php echo $news_item['title']; ?></h3> - <div class="main"> - <?php echo $news_item['text']; ?> - </div> - <p><a href="<?php echo site_url('news/'.$news_item['slug']); ?>">View article</a></p> - - <?php endforeach; ?> - -Here, each news item is looped and displayed to the user. You can see we -wrote our template in PHP mixed with HTML. If you prefer to use a template -language, you can use CodeIgniter's :doc:`Template -Parser <../libraries/parser>` class or a third party parser. - -The news overview page is now done, but a page to display individual -news items is still absent. The model created earlier is made in such -way that it can easily be used for this functionality. You only need to -add some code to the controller and create a new view. Go back to the -``News`` controller and update ``view()`` with the following: - -:: - - public function view($slug = NULL) - { - $data['news_item'] = $this->news_model->get_news($slug); - - if (empty($data['news_item'])) - { - show_404(); - } - - $data['title'] = $data['news_item']['title']; - - $this->load->view('templates/header', $data); - $this->load->view('news/view', $data); - $this->load->view('templates/footer'); - } - -Instead of calling the ``get_news()`` method without a parameter, the -``$slug`` variable is passed, so it will return the specific news item. -The only things left to do is create the corresponding view at -*application/views/news/view.php*. Put the following code in this file. - -:: - - <?php - echo '<h2>'.$news_item['title'].'</h2>'; - echo $news_item['text']; - -Routing -------- - -Because of the wildcard routing rule created earlier, you need an extra -route to view the controller that you just made. Modify your routing file -(*application/config/routes.php*) so it looks as follows. -This makes sure the requests reaches the ``News`` controller instead of -going directly to the ``Pages`` controller. The first line routes URI's -with a slug to the ``view()`` method in the ``News`` controller. - -:: - - $route['news/(:any)'] = 'news/view/$1'; - $route['news'] = 'news'; - $route['(:any)'] = 'pages/view/$1'; - $route['default_controller'] = 'pages/view'; - -Point your browser to your document root, followed by index.php/news and -watch your news page. diff --git a/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/static_pages.rst b/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/static_pages.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 561082a48..000000000 --- a/user_guide_src/source/tutorial/static_pages.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,170 +0,0 @@ -############ -Static pages -############ - -**Note:** This tutorial assumes you've downloaded CodeIgniter and -:doc:`installed the framework <../installation/index>` in your -development environment. - -The first thing you're going to do is set up a **controller** to handle -static pages. A controller is simply a class that helps delegate work. -It is the glue of your web application. - -For example, when a call is made to: - - http://example.com/news/latest/10 - -We might imagine that there is a controller named "news". The method -being called on news would be "latest". The news method's job could be to -grab 10 news items, and render them on the page. Very often in MVC, -you'll see URL patterns that match: - - http://example.com/[controller-class]/[controller-method]/[arguments] - -As URL schemes become more complex, this may change. But for now, this -is all we will need to know. - -Create a file at *application/controllers/Pages.php* with the following -code. - -:: - - <?php - class Pages extends CI_Controller { - - public function view($page = 'home') - { - } - } - -You have created a class named ``Pages``, with a view method that accepts -one argument named ``$page``. The ``Pages`` class is extending the -``CI_Controller`` class. This means that the new pages class can access the -methods and variables defined in the ``CI_Controller`` class -(*system/core/Controller.php*). - -The **controller is what will become the center of every request** to -your web application. In very technical CodeIgniter discussions, it may -be referred to as the *super object*. Like any php class, you refer to -it within your controllers as ``$this``. Referring to ``$this`` is how -you will load libraries, views, and generally command the framework. - -Now you've created your first method, it's time to make some basic page -templates. We will be creating two "views" (page templates) that act as -our page footer and header. - -Create the header at *application/views/templates/header.php* and add -the following code: - -:: - - <html> - <head> - <title>CodeIgniter Tutorial</title> - </head> - <body> - - <h1><?php echo $title; ?></h1> - -The header contains the basic HTML code that you'll want to display -before loading the main view, together with a heading. It will also -output the ``$title`` variable, which we'll define later in the controller. -Now, create a footer at *application/views/templates/footer.php* that -includes the following code: - -:: - - <em>© 2015</em> - </body> - </html> - -Adding logic to the controller ------------------------------- - -Earlier you set up a controller with a ``view()`` method. The method -accepts one parameter, which is the name of the page to be loaded. The -static page templates will be located in the *application/views/pages/* -directory. - -In that directory, create two files named *home.php* and *about.php*. -Within those files, type some text − anything you'd like − and save them. -If you like to be particularly un-original, try "Hello World!". - -In order to load those pages, you'll have to check whether the requested -page actually exists: - -:: - - public function view($page = 'home') - { - if ( ! file_exists(APPPATH.'views/pages/'.$page.'.php')) - { - // Whoops, we don't have a page for that! - show_404(); - } - - $data['title'] = ucfirst($page); // Capitalize the first letter - - $this->load->view('templates/header', $data); - $this->load->view('pages/'.$page, $data); - $this->load->view('templates/footer', $data); - } - -Now, when the page does exist, it is loaded, including the header and -footer, and displayed to the user. If the page doesn't exist, a "404 -Page not found" error is shown. - -The first line in this method checks whether the page actually exists. -PHP's native ``file_exists()`` function is used to check whether the file -is where it's expected to be. ``show_404()`` is a built-in CodeIgniter -function that renders the default error page. - -In the header template, the ``$title`` variable was used to customize the -page title. The value of title is defined in this method, but instead of -assigning the value to a variable, it is assigned to the title element -in the ``$data`` array. - -The last thing that has to be done is loading the views in the order -they should be displayed. The second parameter in the ``view()`` method is -used to pass values to the view. Each value in the ``$data`` array is -assigned to a variable with the name of its key. So the value of -``$data['title']`` in the controller is equivalent to ``$title`` in the -view. - -Routing -------- - -The controller is now functioning! Point your browser to -``[your-site-url]index.php/pages/view`` to see your page. When you visit -``index.php/pages/view/about`` you'll see the about page, again including -the header and footer. - -Using custom routing rules, you have the power to map any URI to any -controller and method, and break free from the normal convention: -``http://example.com/[controller-class]/[controller-method]/[arguments]`` - -Let's do that. Open the routing file located at -*application/config/routes.php* and add the following two lines. -Remove all other code that sets any element in the ``$route`` array. - -:: - - $route['default_controller'] = 'pages/view'; - $route['(:any)'] = 'pages/view/$1'; - -CodeIgniter reads its routing rules from top to bottom and routes the -request to the first matching rule. Each rule is a regular expression -(left-side) mapped to a controller and method name separated by slashes -(right-side). When a request comes in, CodeIgniter looks for the first -match, and calls the appropriate controller and method, possibly with -arguments. - -More information about routing can be found in the URI Routing -:doc:`documentation <../general/routing>`. - -Here, the second rule in the ``$route`` array matches **any** request -using the wildcard string ``(:any)``. and passes the parameter to the -``view()`` method of the ``Pages`` class. - -Now visit ``index.php/about``. Did it get routed correctly to the ``view()`` -method in the pages controller? Awesome! |