########### Input Class ########### The Input Class serves two purposes: #. It pre-processes global input data for security. #. It provides some helper methods for fetching input data and pre-processing it. .. note:: This class is initialized automatically by the system so there is no need to do it manually. .. contents:: :local: .. raw:: html <div class="custom-index container"></div> *************** Input Filtering *************** Security Filtering ================== The security filtering method is called automatically when a new :doc:`controller <../general/controllers>` is invoked. It does the following: - If ``$config['allow_get_array']`` is FALSE (default is TRUE), destroys the global GET array. - Destroys all global variables in the event register_globals is turned on. - Filters the GET/POST/COOKIE array keys, permitting only alpha-numeric (and a few other) characters. - Provides XSS (Cross-site Scripting Hacks) filtering. This can be enabled globally, or upon request. - Standardizes newline characters to ``PHP_EOL`` (\\n in UNIX-based OSes, \\r\\n under Windows). This is configurable. XSS Filtering ============= The Input class has the ability to filter input automatically to prevent cross-site scripting attacks. If you want the filter to run automatically every time it encounters POST or COOKIE data you can enable it by opening your *application/config/config.php* file and setting this:: $config['global_xss_filtering'] = TRUE; Please refer to the :doc:`Security class <security>` documentation for information on using XSS Filtering in your application. .. important:: The 'global_xss_filtering' setting is DEPRECATED and kept solely for backwards-compatibility purposes. XSS escaping should be performed on *output*, not *input*! ******************* Accessing form data ******************* Using POST, GET, COOKIE, or SERVER Data ======================================= CodeIgniter comes with helper methods that let you fetch POST, GET, COOKIE or SERVER items. The main advantage of using the provided methods rather than fetching an item directly (``$_POST['something']``) is that the methods will check to see if the item is set and return NULL if not. This lets you conveniently use data without having to test whether an item exists first. In other words, normally you might do something like this:: $something = isset($_POST['something']) ? $_POST['something'] : NULL; With CodeIgniter's built in methods you can simply do this:: $something = $this->input->post('something'); The main methods are: - ``$this->input->post()`` - ``$this->input->get()`` - ``$this->input->cookie()`` - ``$this->input->server()`` Using the php://input stream ============================ If you want to utilize the PUT, DELETE, PATCH or other exotic request methods, they can only be accessed via a special input stream, that can only be read once. This isn't as easy as just reading from e.g. the ``$_POST`` array, because it will always exist and you can try and access multiple variables without caring that you might only have one shot at all of the POST data. CodeIgniter will take care of that for you, and you can read the data from the **php://input** stream at any time, just by using the ``$raw_input_stream`` property:: $this->input->raw_input_stream; Additionally if the input stream is form-encoded like $_POST you can access its values by calling the ``input_stream()`` method:: $this->input->input_stream('key'); Similar to other methods such as ``get()`` and ``post()``, if the requested data is not found, it will return NULL and you can also decide whether to run the data through ``xss_clean()`` by passing a boolean value as the second parameter:: $this->input->input_stream('key', TRUE); // XSS Clean $this->input->input_stream('key', FALSE); // No XSS filter .. note:: You can utilize ``method()`` in order to know if you're reading PUT, DELETE or PATCH data. *************** Class Reference *************** .. php:class:: CI_Input .. attribute:: $raw_input_stream Read only property that will return php://input data as is. The property can be read multiple times. .. php:method:: post([$index = NULL[, $xss_clean = NULL]]) :param mixed $index: POST parameter name :param bool $xss_clean: Whether to apply XSS filtering :returns: $_POST if no parameters supplied, otherwise the POST value if found or NULL if not :rtype: mixed The first parameter will contain the name of the POST item you are looking for:: $this->input->post('some_data'); The method returns NULL if the item you are attempting to retrieve does not exist. The second optional parameter lets you run the data through the XSS filter. It's enabled by setting the second parameter to boolean TRUE or by setting your ``$config['global_xss_filtering']`` to TRUE. :: $this->input->post('some_data', TRUE); To return an array of all POST items call without any parameters. To return all POST items and pass them through the XSS filter set the first parameter NULL while setting the second parameter to boolean TRUE. :: $this->input->post(NULL, TRUE); // returns all POST items with XSS filter $this->input->post(NULL, FALSE); // returns all POST items without XSS filter To return an array of multiple POST parameters, pass all the required keys as an array. :: $this->input->post(array('field1', 'field2')); Same rule applied here, to retrieve the parameters with XSS filtering enabled, set the second parameter to boolean TRUE. :: $this->input->post(array('field1', 'field2'), TRUE); .. php:method:: get([$index = NULL[, $xss_clean = NULL]]) :param mixed $index: GET parameter name :param bool $xss_clean: Whether to apply XSS filtering :returns: $_GET if no parameters supplied, otherwise the GET value if found or NULL if not :rtype: mixed This method is identical to ``post()``, only it fetches GET data. :: $this->input->get('some_data', TRUE); To return an array of all GET items call without any parameters. To return all GET items and pass them through the XSS filter set the first parameter NULL while setting the second parameter to boolean TRUE. :: $this->input->get(NULL, TRUE); // returns all GET items with XSS filter $this->input->get(NULL, FALSE); // returns all GET items without XSS filtering To return an array of multiple GET parameters, pass all the required keys as an array. :: $this->input->get(array('field1', 'field2')); Same rule applied here, to retrieve the parameters with XSS filtering enabled, set the second parameter to boolean TRUE. :: $this->input->get(array('field1', 'field2'), TRUE); .. php:method:: post_get($index[, $xss_clean = NULL]) :param string $index: POST/GET parameter name :param bool $xss_clean: Whether to apply XSS filtering :returns: POST/GET value if found, NULL if not :rtype: mixed This method works pretty much the same way as ``post()`` and ``get()``, only combined. It will search through both POST and GET streams for data, looking in POST first, and then in GET:: $this->input->post_get('some_data', TRUE); .. php:method:: get_post($index[, $xss_clean = NULL]) :param string $index: GET/POST parameter name :param bool $xss_clean: Whether to apply XSS filtering :returns: GET/POST value if found, NULL if not :rtype: mixed This method works the same way as ``post_get()`` only it looks for GET data first. $this->input->get_post('some_data', TRUE); .. note:: This method used to act EXACTLY like ``post_get()``, but it's behavior has changed in CodeIgniter 3.0. .. php:method:: cookie([$index = NULL[, $xss_clean = NULL]]) :param mixed $index: COOKIE name :param bool $xss_clean: Whether to apply XSS filtering :returns: $_COOKIE if no parameters supplied, otherwise the COOKIE value if found or NULL if not :rtype: mixed This method is identical to ``post()`` and ``get()``, only it fetches cookie data:: $this->input->cookie('some_cookie'); $this->input->cookie('some_cookie', TRUE); // with XSS filter To return an array of multiple cookie values, pass all the required keys as an array. :: $this->input->cookie(array('some_cookie', 'some_cookie2')); .. note:: Unlike the :doc:`Cookie Helper <../helpers/cookie_helper>` function :php:func:`get_cookie()`, this method does NOT prepend your configured ``$config['cookie_prefix']`` value. .. php:method:: server($index[, $xss_clean = NULL]) :param mixed $index: Value name :param bool $xss_clean: Whether to apply XSS filtering :returns: $_SERVER item value if found, NULL if not :rtype: mixed This method is identical to the ``post()``, ``get()`` and ``cookie()`` methods, only it fetches server data (``$_SERVER``):: $this->input->server('some_data'); To return an array of multiple ``$_SERVER`` values, pass all the required keys as an array. :: $this->input->server(array('SERVER_PROTOCOL', 'REQUEST_URI')); .. php:method:: input_stream([$index = NULL[, $xss_clean = NULL]]) :param mixed $index: Key name :param bool $xss_clean: Whether to apply XSS filtering :returns: Input stream array if no parameters supplied, otherwise the specified value if found or NULL if not :rtype: mixed This method is identical to ``get()``, ``post()`` and ``cookie()``, only it fetches the *php://input* stream data. .. php:method:: set_cookie($name = ''[, $value = ''[, $expire = ''[, $domain = ''[, $path = '/'[, $prefix = ''[, $secure = NULL[, $httponly = NULL]]]]]]]) :param mixed $name: Cookie name or an array of parameters :param string $value: Cookie value :param int $expire: Cookie expiration time in seconds :param string $domain: Cookie domain :param string $path: Cookie path :param string $prefix: Cookie name prefix :param bool $secure: Whether to only transfer the cookie through HTTPS :param bool $httponly: Whether to only make the cookie accessible for HTTP requests (no JavaScript) :rtype: void Sets a cookie containing the values you specify. There are two ways to pass information to this method so that a cookie can be set: Array Method, and Discrete Parameters: **Array Method** Using this method, an associative array is passed to the first parameter:: $cookie = array( 'name' => 'The Cookie Name', 'value' => 'The Value', 'expire' => '86500', 'domain' => '.some-domain.com', 'path' => '/', 'prefix' => 'myprefix_', 'secure' => TRUE ); $this->input->set_cookie($cookie); **Notes** Only the name and value are required. To delete a cookie set it with the expiration blank. The expiration is set in **seconds**, which will be added to the current time. Do not include the time, but rather only the number of seconds from *now* that you wish the cookie to be valid. If the expiration is set to zero the cookie will only last as long as the browser is open. For site-wide cookies regardless of how your site is requested, add your URL to the **domain** starting with a period, like this: .your-domain.com The path is usually not needed since the method sets a root path. The prefix is only needed if you need to avoid name collisions with other identically named cookies for your server. The *httponly* and *secure* flags, when omitted, will default to your ``$config['cookie_httponly']`` and ``$config['cookie_secure']`` settings. **Discrete Parameters** If you prefer, you can set the cookie by passing data using individual parameters:: $this->input->set_cookie($name, $value, $expire, $domain, $path, $prefix, $secure); .. php:method:: ip_address() :returns: Visitor's IP address or '0.0.0.0' if not valid :rtype: string Returns the IP address for the current user. If the IP address is not valid, the method will return '0.0.0.0':: echo $this->input->ip_address(); .. important:: This method takes into account the ``$config['proxy_ips']`` setting and will return the reported HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR, HTTP_CLIENT_IP, HTTP_X_CLIENT_IP or HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP address for the allowed IP addresses. .. php:method:: valid_ip($ip[, $which = '']) :param string $ip: IP address :param string $which: IP protocol ('ipv4' or 'ipv6') :returns: TRUE if the address is valid, FALSE if not :rtype: bool Takes an IP address as input and returns TRUE or FALSE (boolean) depending on whether it is valid or not. .. note:: The $this->input->ip_address() method above automatically validates the IP address. :: if ( ! $this->input->valid_ip($ip)) { echo 'Not Valid'; } else { echo 'Valid'; } Accepts an optional second string parameter of 'ipv4' or 'ipv6' to specify an IP format. The default checks for both formats. .. php:method:: user_agent([$xss_clean = NULL]) :returns: User agent string or NULL if not set :param bool $xss_clean: Whether to apply XSS filtering :rtype: mixed Returns the user agent string (web browser) being used by the current user, or NULL if it's not available. :: echo $this->input->user_agent(); See the :doc:`User Agent Class <user_agent>` for methods which extract information from the user agent string. .. php:method:: request_headers([$xss_clean = FALSE]) :param bool $xss_clean: Whether to apply XSS filtering :returns: An array of HTTP request headers :rtype: array Returns an array of HTTP request headers. Useful if running in a non-Apache environment where `apache_request_headers() <http://php.net/apache_request_headers>`_ will not be supported. :: $headers = $this->input->request_headers(); .. php:method:: get_request_header($index[, $xss_clean = FALSE]) :param string $index: HTTP request header name :param bool $xss_clean: Whether to apply XSS filtering :returns: An HTTP request header or NULL if not found :rtype: string Returns a single member of the request headers array or NULL if the searched header is not found. :: $this->input->get_request_header('some-header', TRUE); .. php:method:: is_ajax_request() :returns: TRUE if it is an Ajax request, FALSE if not :rtype: bool Checks to see if the HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH server header has been set, and returns boolean TRUE if it is or FALSE if not. .. php:method:: is_cli_request() :returns: TRUE if it is a CLI request, FALSE if not :rtype: bool Checks to see if the application was run from the command-line interface. .. note:: This method checks both the PHP SAPI name currently in use and if the ``STDIN`` constant is defined, which is usually a failsafe way to see if PHP is being run via the command line. :: $this->input->is_cli_request() .. note:: This method is DEPRECATED and is now just an alias for the :func:`is_cli()` function. .. php:method:: method([$upper = FALSE]) :param bool $upper: Whether to return the request method name in upper or lower case :returns: HTTP request method :rtype: string Returns the ``$_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']``, with the option to set it in uppercase or lowercase. :: echo $this->input->method(TRUE); // Outputs: POST echo $this->input->method(FALSE); // Outputs: post echo $this->input->method(); // Outputs: post