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<div class="section" id="models">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Models</a><a class="headerlink" href="#models" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Models are <strong>optionally</strong> available for those who want to use a more
traditional MVC approach.</p>
<div class="contents topic" id="page-contents">
<p class="topic-title first">Page Contents</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#models" id="id1">Models</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-a-model" id="id2">What is a Model?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#anatomy-of-a-model" id="id3">Anatomy of a Model</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#loading-a-model" id="id4">Loading a Model</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#auto-loading-models" id="id5">Auto-loading Models</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#connecting-to-your-database" id="id6">Connecting to your Database</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
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</div>
<div class="section" id="what-is-a-model">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">What is a Model?</a><a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Models are PHP classes that are designed to work with information in
your database. For example, let’s say you use CodeIgniter to manage a
blog. You might have a model class that contains functions to insert,
update, and retrieve your blog data. Here is an example of what such a
model class might look like:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog_model</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Model</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$title</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$content</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="nv">$date</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">get_last_ten_entries</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$query</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'entries'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nv">$query</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">result</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">insert_entry</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="p">];</span> <span class="c1">// please read the below note</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'content'</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'entries'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">update_entry</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'title'</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'content'</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">date</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">time</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">db</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'entries'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'id'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="nv">$_POST</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'id'</span><span class="p">]));</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The methods in the above example use the <a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html"><span class="doc">Query Builder</span></a> database methods.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">For the sake of simplicity in this example we’re using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_POST</span></code>
directly. This is generally bad practice, and a more common approach
would be to use the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><span class="doc">Input Library</span></a>
<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this->input->post('title')</span></code>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="anatomy-of-a-model">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Anatomy of a Model</a><a class="headerlink" href="#anatomy-of-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Model classes are stored in your <strong>application/models/</strong> directory.
They can be nested within sub-directories if you want this type of
organization.</p>
<p>The basic prototype for a model class is this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Model_name</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Model</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Where <strong>Model_name</strong> is the name of your class. Class names <strong>must</strong> have
the first letter capitalized with the rest of the name lowercase. Make
sure your class extends the base Model class.</p>
<p>The file name must match the class name. For example, if this is your class:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">User_model</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Model</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Your file will be this:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">application</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">models</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nx">User_model</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nx">php</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="loading-a-model">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Loading a Model</a><a class="headerlink" href="#loading-a-model" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>Your models will typically be loaded and called from within your
<a class="reference internal" href="controllers.html"><span class="doc">controller</span></a> methods. To load a model you will use
the following method:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'model_name'</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If your model is located in a sub-directory, include the relative path
from your models directory. For example, if you have a model located at
<em>application/models/blog/Queries.php</em> you’ll load it using:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blog/queries'</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Once loaded, you will access your model methods using an object with the
same name as your class:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'model_name'</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">model_name</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">method</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you would like your model assigned to a different object name you can
specify it via the second parameter of the loading method:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'model_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'foobar'</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">foobar</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">method</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Here is an example of a controller, that loads a model, then serves a
view:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Blog_controller</span> <span class="k">extends</span> <span class="nx">CI_Controller</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">public</span> <span class="k">function</span> <span class="nf">blog</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blog'</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'query'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">blog</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">get_last_ten_entries</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">view</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blog'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="auto-loading-models">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Auto-loading Models</a><a class="headerlink" href="#auto-loading-models" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you find that you need a particular model globally throughout your
application, you can tell CodeIgniter to auto-load it during system
initialization. This is done by opening the
<strong>application/config/autoload.php</strong> file and adding the model to the
autoload array.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="connecting-to-your-database">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Connecting to your Database</a><a class="headerlink" href="#connecting-to-your-database" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>When a model is loaded it does <strong>NOT</strong> connect automatically to your
database. The following options for connecting are available to you:</p>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">You can connect using the standard database methods <a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html"><span class="doc">described
here</span></a>, either from within your
Controller class or your Model class.</p>
</li>
<li><p class="first">You can tell the model loading method to auto-connect by passing
TRUE (boolean) via the third parameter, and connectivity settings,
as defined in your database config file will be used:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'model_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">You can manually pass database connectivity settings via the third
parameter:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'hostname'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'localhost'</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'username'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'myusername'</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'password'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'mypassword'</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'database'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'mydatabase'</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'dbdriver'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'mysqli'</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'dbprefix'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'pconnect'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'db_debug'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">load</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'model_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
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