1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Views : CodeIgniter User Guide</title>
<style type='text/css' media='all'>@import url('../userguide.css');</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' media='all' href='../userguide.css' />
<script type="text/javascript" src="../nav/nav.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../nav/prototype.lite.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../nav/moo.fx.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../nav/user_guide_menu.js"></script>
<meta http-equiv='expires' content='-1' />
<meta http-equiv= 'pragma' content='no-cache' />
<meta name='robots' content='all' />
<meta name='author' content='ExpressionEngine Dev Team' />
<meta name='description' content='CodeIgniter User Guide' />
</head>
<body>
<!-- START NAVIGATION -->
<div id="nav"><div id="nav_inner"><script type="text/javascript">create_menu('../');</script></div></div>
<div id="nav2"><a name="top"></a><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="myHeight.toggle();"><img src="../images/nav_toggle_darker.jpg" width="154" height="43" border="0" title="Toggle Table of Contents" alt="Toggle Table of Contents" /></a></div>
<div id="masthead">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="width:100%">
<tr>
<td><h1>CodeIgniter User Guide Version 2.1.4</h1></td>
<td id="breadcrumb_right"><a href="../toc.html">Table of Contents Page</a></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<!-- END NAVIGATION -->
<!-- START BREADCRUMB -->
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="width:100%">
<tr>
<td id="breadcrumb">
<a href="http://codeigniter.com/">CodeIgniter Home</a> ›
<a href="../index.html">User Guide Home</a> ›
Views
</td>
<td id="searchbox"><form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search"><input type="hidden" name="as_sitesearch" id="as_sitesearch" value="ellislab.com/codeigniter/user-guide/" />Search User Guide <input type="text" class="input" style="width:200px;" name="q" id="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="" /> <input type="submit" class="submit" name="sa" value="Go" /></form></td>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- END BREADCRUMB -->
<br clear="all" />
<!-- START CONTENT -->
<div id="content">
<h1>Views</h1>
<p>A <dfn>view</dfn> is simply a web page, or a page fragment, like a header, footer, sidebar, etc.
In fact, views can flexibly be embedded within other views (within other views, etc., etc.) if you need this type
of hierarchy.</p>
<p>Views are never called directly, they must be loaded by a <a href="controllers.html">controller</a>. Remember that in an MVC framework, the Controller acts as the
traffic cop, so it is responsible for fetching a particular view. If you have not read the <a href="controllers.html">Controllers</a> page
you should do so before continuing.</p>
<p>Using the example controller you created in the <a href="controllers.html">controller</a> page, let's add a view to it.</p>
<h2>Creating a View</h2>
<p>Using your text editor, create a file called <dfn>blogview.php</dfn>, and put this in it:</p>
<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="10">
<html>
<head>
<title>My Blog</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to my Blog!</h1>
</body>
</html>
</textarea>
<p>Then save the file in your <dfn>application/views/</dfn> folder.</p>
<h2>Loading a View</h2>
<p>To load a particular view file you will use the following function:</p>
<code>$this->load->view('<var>name</var>');</code>
<p>Where <var>name</var> is the name of your view file. Note: The .php file extension does not need to be specified unless you use something other than <kbd>.php</kbd>.</p>
<p>Now, open the controller file you made earlier called <dfn>blog.php</dfn>, and replace the echo statement with the view loading function:</p>
<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="10">
<?php
class Blog extends CI_Controller {
function index()
{
$this->load->view('blogview');
}
}
?>
</textarea>
<p>If you visit your site using the URL you did earlier you should see your new view. The URL was similar to this:</p>
<code>example.com/index.php/<var>blog</var>/</code>
<h2>Loading multiple views</h2>
<p>CodeIgniter will intelligently handle multiple calls to $this->load->view from within a controller. If more than one call happens they will be appended together. For example, you may wish to have a header view, a menu view, a content view, and a footer view. That might look something like this:</p>
<p><code><?php<br />
<br />
class Page extends CI_Controller {<br /><br />
function index()<br />
{<br />
$data['page_title'] = 'Your title';<br />
$this->load->view('header');<br />
$this->load->view('menu');<br />
$this->load->view('content', $data);<br />
$this->load->view('footer');<br />
}<br />
<br />
}<br />
?></code></p>
<p>In the example above, we are using "dynamically added data", which you will see below.</p>
<h2>Storing Views within Sub-folders</h2>
<p>Your view files can also be stored within sub-folders if you prefer that type of organization. When doing so you will need
to include the folder name loading the view. Example:</p>
<code>$this->load->view('<kbd>folder_name</kbd>/<var>file_name</var>');</code>
<h2>Adding Dynamic Data to the View</h2>
<p>Data is passed from the controller to the view by way of an <strong>array</strong> or an <strong>object</strong> in the second
parameter of the view loading function. Here is an example using an array:</p>
<code>$data = array(<br />
'title' => 'My Title',<br />
'heading' => 'My Heading',<br />
'message' => 'My Message'<br />
);<br />
<br />
$this->load->view('blogview', <var>$data</var>);</code>
<p>And here's an example using an object:</p>
<code>$data = new Someclass();<br />
$this->load->view('blogview', <var>$data</var>);</code>
<p>Note: If you use an object, the class variables will be turned into array elements.</p>
<p>Let's try it with your controller file. Open it add this code:</p>
<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="14">
<?php
class Blog extends CI_Controller {
function index()
{
$data['title'] = "My Real Title";
$data['heading'] = "My Real Heading";
$this->load->view('blogview', $data);
}
}
?>
</textarea>
<p>Now open your view file and change the text to variables that correspond to the array keys in your data:</p>
<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="10">
<html>
<head>
<title><?php echo $title;?></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><?php echo $heading;?></h1>
</body>
</html>
</textarea>
<p>Then load the page at the URL you've been using and you should see the variables replaced.</p>
<h2>Creating Loops</h2>
<p>The data array you pass to your view files is not limited to simple variables. You can
pass multi dimensional arrays, which can be looped to generate multiple rows. For example, if you
pull data from your database it will typically be in the form of a multi-dimensional array.</p>
<p>Here's a simple example. Add this to your controller:</p>
<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="17">
<?php
class Blog extends CI_Controller {
function index()
{
$data['todo_list'] = array('Clean House', 'Call Mom', 'Run Errands');
$data['title'] = "My Real Title";
$data['heading'] = "My Real Heading";
$this->load->view('blogview', $data);
}
}
?>
</textarea>
<p>Now open your view file and create a loop:</p>
<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="24">
<html>
<head>
<title><?php echo $title;?></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><?php echo $heading;?></h1>
<h3>My Todo List</h3>
<ul>
<?php foreach ($todo_list as $item):?>
<li><?php echo $item;?></li>
<?php endforeach;?>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
</textarea>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> You'll notice that in the example above we are using PHP's alternative syntax. If you
are not familiar with it you can read about it <a href="alternative_php.html">here</a>.</p>
<h2>Returning views as data</h2>
<p>There is a third <strong>optional</strong> parameter lets you change the behavior of the function so that it returns data as a string
rather than sending it to your browser. This can be useful if you want to process the data in some way. If you
set the parameter to <kbd>true</kbd> (boolean) it will return data. The default behavior is <kbd>false</kbd>, which sends it
to your browser. Remember to assign it to a variable if you want the data returned:</p>
<code>$string = $this->load->view('<var>myfile</var>', '', <kbd>true</kbd>);</code>
</div>
<!-- END CONTENT -->
<div id="footer">
<p>
Previous Topic: <a href="reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a>
·
<a href="#top">Top of Page</a> ·
<a href="../index.html">User Guide Home</a> ·
Next Topic: <a href="models.html">Models</a>
</p>
<p><a href="http://codeigniter.com">CodeIgniter</a> · Copyright © 2006 - 2012 · <a href="http://ellislab.com/">EllisLab, Inc.</a></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
|
