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<title>HTML Helper : CodeIgniter User Guide</title>
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<h1>HTML Helper</h1>
<p>The HTML Helper file contains functions that assist in working with HTML.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#br">br()</a></li>
<li><a href="#heading">heading()</a></li>
<li><a href="#img">img()</a></li>
<li><a href="#link_tag">link_tag()</a></li>
<li><a href="#nbs">nbs()</a></li>
<li><a href="#ol_and_ul">ol() and ul()</a></li>
<li><a href="#meta">meta()</a></li>
<li><a href="#doctype">doctype()</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Loading this Helper</h2>
<p>This helper is loaded using the following code:</p>
<code>$this->load->helper('html');</code>
<p>The following functions are available:</p>
<h2><a name="br"></a>br()</h2>
<p>Generates line break tags (<br />) based on the number you submit. Example:</p>
<code>echo br(3);</code>
<p>The above would produce: <br /><br /><br /></p>
<h2><a name="heading"></a>heading()</h2>
<p>Lets you create HTML <h1> tags. The first parameter will contain the data, the
second the size of the heading. Example:</p>
<code>echo heading('Welcome!', 3);</code>
<p>The above would produce: <h3>Welcome!</h3></p>
<p>Additionally, in order to add attributes to the heading tag such as HTML classes, ids or inline styles, a third parameter is available.</p>
<code>echo heading('Welcome!', 3, 'class="pink"')</code>
<p>The above code produces: <h3 class="pink">Welcome!<<h3></p>
<h2><a name="img"></a>img()</h2>
<p>Lets you create HTML <img /> tags. The first parameter contains the image source. Example:</p>
<code>echo img('images/picture.jpg');<br />
// gives <img src="http://site.com/images/picture.jpg" /></code>
<p>There is an optional second parameter that is a TRUE/FALSE value that specifics if the src should have the page specified by $config['index_page'] added to the address it creates. Presumably, this would be if you were using a media controller.</p>
<p><code>echo img('images/picture.jpg', TRUE);<br />
// gives <img src="http://site.com/index.php/images/picture.jpg" alt="" /></code></p>
<p>Additionally, an associative array can be passed to the img() function for complete control over all attributes and values. If an alt attribute is not provided, CodeIgniter will generate an empty string.</p>
<p><code> $image_properties = array(<br />
'src' => 'images/picture.jpg',<br />
'alt' => 'Me, demonstrating how to eat 4 slices of pizza at one time',<br />
'class' => 'post_images',<br />
'width' => '200',<br />
'height' => '200',<br />
'title' => 'That was quite a night',<br />
'rel' => 'lightbox',<br />
);<br />
<br />
img($image_properties);<br />
// <img src="http://site.com/index.php/images/picture.jpg" alt="Me, demonstrating how to eat 4 slices of pizza at one time" class="post_images" width="200" height="200" title="That was quite a night" rel="lightbox" /></code></p>
<h2><a name="link_tag"></a>link_tag()</h2>
<p>Lets you create HTML <link /> tags. This is useful for stylesheet links, as well as other links. The parameters are href, with optional rel, type, title, media and index_page. index_page is a TRUE/FALSE value that specifics if the href should have the page specified by $config['index_page'] added to the address it creates.<code>
echo link_tag('css/mystyles.css');<br />
// gives <link href="http://site.com/css/mystyles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /></code></p>
<p>Further examples:</p>
<code>
echo link_tag('favicon.ico', 'shortcut icon', 'image/ico');<br />
// <link href="http://site.com/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" />
<br />
<br />
echo link_tag('feed', 'alternate', 'application/rss+xml', 'My RSS Feed');<br />
// <link href="http://site.com/feed" rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="My RSS Feed" /> </code>
<p>Additionally, an associative array can be passed to the link() function for complete control over all attributes and values.</p>
<p><code>
$link = array(<br />
'href' => 'css/printer.css',<br />
'rel' => 'stylesheet',<br />
'type' => 'text/css',<br />
'media' => 'print'<br />
);<br />
<br />
echo link_tag($link);<br />
// <link href="http://site.com/css/printer.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" /></code></p>
<h2><a name="nbs"></a>nbs()</h2>
<p>Generates non-breaking spaces (&nbsp;) based on the number you submit. Example:</p>
<code>echo nbs(3);</code>
<p>The above would produce: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<h2><a name="ol_and_ul"></a>ol() and ul()</h2>
<p>Permits you to generate ordered or unordered HTML lists from simple or multi-dimensional arrays. Example:</p>
<code>
$this->load->helper('html');<br />
<br />
$list = array(<br />
'red', <br />
'blue', <br />
'green',<br />
'yellow'<br />
);<br />
<br />
$attributes = array(<br />
'class' => 'boldlist',<br />
'id' => 'mylist'<br />
);<br />
<br />
echo ul($list, $attributes);<br />
</code>
<p>The above code will produce this:</p>
<code>
<ul class="boldlist" id="mylist"><br />
<li>red</li><br />
<li>blue</li><br />
<li>green</li><br />
<li>yellow</li><br />
</ul>
</code>
<p>Here is a more complex example, using a multi-dimensional array:</p>
<code>
$this->load->helper('html');<br />
<br />
$attributes = array(<br />
'class' => 'boldlist',<br />
'id' => 'mylist'<br />
);<br />
<br />
$list = array(<br />
'colors' => array(<br />
'red',<br />
'blue',<br />
'green'<br />
),<br />
'shapes' => array(<br />
'round', <br />
'square',<br />
'circles' => array(<br />
'ellipse', <br />
'oval', <br />
'sphere'<br />
)<br />
),<br />
'moods' => array(<br />
'happy', <br />
'upset' => array(<br />
'defeated' => array(<br />
'dejected',<br />
'disheartened',<br />
'depressed'<br />
),<br />
'annoyed',<br />
'cross',<br />
'angry'<br />
)<br />
)<br />
);<br />
<br />
<br />
echo ul($list, $attributes);</code>
<p>The above code will produce this:</p>
<code>
<ul class="boldlist" id="mylist"><br />
<li>colors<br />
<ul><br />
<li>red</li><br />
<li>blue</li><br />
<li>green</li><br />
</ul><br />
</li><br />
<li>shapes<br />
<ul><br />
<li>round</li><br />
<li>suare</li><br />
<li>circles<br />
<ul><br />
<li>elipse</li><br />
<li>oval</li><br />
<li>sphere</li><br />
</ul><br />
</li><br />
</ul><br />
</li><br />
<li>moods<br />
<ul><br />
<li>happy</li><br />
<li>upset<br />
<ul><br />
<li>defeated<br />
<ul><br />
<li>dejected</li><br />
<li>disheartened</li><br />
<li>depressed</li><br />
</ul><br />
</li><br />
<li>annoyed</li><br />
<li>cross</li><br />
<li>angry</li><br />
</ul><br />
</li><br />
</ul><br />
</li><br />
</ul>
</code>
<h2><a name="meta"></a>meta()</h2>
<p>Helps you generate meta tags. You can pass strings to the function, or simple arrays, or multidimensional ones. Examples:</p>
<code>
echo meta('description', 'My Great site');<br />
// Generates: <meta name="description" content="My Great Site" /><br />
<br /><br />
echo meta('Content-type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8', 'equiv'); // Note the third parameter. Can be "equiv" or "name"<br />
// Generates: <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><br />
<br /><br />
echo meta(array('name' => 'robots', 'content' => 'no-cache'));<br />
// Generates: <meta name="robots" content="no-cache" /><br />
<br /><br />
$meta = array(<br />
array('name' => 'robots', 'content' => 'no-cache'),<br />
array('name' => 'description', 'content' => 'My Great Site'),<br />
array('name' => 'keywords', 'content' => 'love, passion, intrigue, deception'),<br />
array('name' => 'robots', 'content' => 'no-cache'),<br />
array('name' => 'Content-type', 'content' => 'text/html; charset=utf-8', 'type' => 'equiv')<br />
);<br />
<br />
echo meta($meta);
<br />
// Generates: <br />
// <meta name="robots" content="no-cache" /><br />
// <meta name="description" content="My Great Site" /><br />
// <meta name="keywords" content="love, passion, intrigue, deception" /><br />
// <meta name="robots" content="no-cache" /><br />
// <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
</code>
<h2><a name="doctype"></a>doctype()</h2>
<p>Helps you generate document type declarations, or DTD's. XHTML 1.0 Strict is used by default, but many doctypes are available.</p>
<code>
echo doctype();<br />
// <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"><br />
<br />
echo doctype('html4-trans');<br />
// <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
</code>
<p>The following is a list of doctype choices. These are configurable, and pulled from <samp>application/config/doctypes.php</samp></p>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" border="0" style="width:100%" class="tableborder">
<tr>
<th>Doctype</th>
<th>Option</th>
<th>Result</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td">XHTML 1.1</td>
<td class="td">doctype('xhtml11')</td>
<td class="td"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td">XHTML 1.0 Strict</td>
<td class="td">doctype('xhtml1-strict')</td>
<td class="td"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td">XHTML 1.0 Transitional</td>
<td class="td">doctype('xhtml1-trans')</td>
<td class="td"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td">XHTML 1.0 Frameset</td>
<td class="td">doctype('xhtml1-frame')</td>
<td class="td"><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td">HTML 5</td>
<td class="td">doctype('html5')</td>
<td class="td"><!DOCTYPE html></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td">HTML 4 Strict</td>
<td class="td">doctype('html4-strict')</td>
<td class="td"><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td">HTML 4 Transitional</td>
<td class="td">doctype('html4-trans')</td>
<td class="td"><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="td">HTML 4 Frameset</td>
<td class="td">doctype('html4-frame')</td>
<td class="td"><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd"></td>
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