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<div class="section" id="output-class">
<h1>Output Class<a class="headerlink" href="#output-class" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The Output class is a core class with one main function: To send the
finalized web page to the requesting browser. It is also responsible for
<a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html"><span class="doc">caching</span></a> your web pages, if you use that
feature.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This class is initialized automatically by the system so there
is no need to do it manually.</p>
</div>
<p>Under normal circumstances you won’t even notice the Output class since
it works transparently without your intervention. For example, when you
use the <a class="reference internal" href="loader.html"><span class="doc">Loader</span></a> class to load a view file,
it’s automatically passed to the Output class, which will be called
automatically by CodeIgniter at the end of system execution. It is
possible, however, for you to manually intervene with the output if you
need to.</p>
<div class="contents local topic" id="contents">
<ul class="simple">
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#class-reference" id="id1">Class Reference</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="custom-index container"></div><div class="section" id="class-reference">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">Class Reference</a><a class="headerlink" href="#class-reference" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<dl class="class">
<dt id="CI_Output">
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descname">CI_Output</code><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><dl class="attribute">
<dt>
<code class="descname">$parse_exec_vars = TRUE;</code></dt>
<dd><p>Enables/disables parsing of the {elapsed_time} and {memory_usage} pseudo-variables.</p>
<p>CodeIgniter will parse those tokens in your output by default. To disable this, set
this property to FALSE in your controller.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">parse_exec_vars</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::set_output">
<code class="descname">set_output</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$output</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::set_output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$output</strong> (<em>string</em>) – String to set the output to</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Output instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Output</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to manually set the final output string. Usage example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">If you do set your output manually, it must be the last thing done
in the function you call it from. For example, if you build a page in one
of your controller methods, don’t set the output until the end.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::set_content_type">
<code class="descname">set_content_type</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$mime_type</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$charset = NULL</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::set_content_type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$mime_type</strong> (<em>string</em>) – MIME Type idenitifer string</li>
<li><strong>$charset</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Character set</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Output instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Output</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to set the mime-type of your page so you can serve JSON data, JPEG’s, XML, etc easily.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span>
<span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_content_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'application/json'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">json_encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'foo'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s1">'bar'</span><span class="p">)));</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span>
<span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_content_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'jpeg'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// You could also use ".jpeg" which will have the full stop removed before looking in config/mimes.php</span>
<span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">file_get_contents</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'files/something.jpg'</span><span class="p">));</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition important">
<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p>
<p class="last">Make sure any non-mime string you pass to this method
exists in <em>application/config/mimes.php</em> or it will have no effect.</p>
</div>
<p>You can also set the character set of the document, by passing a second argument:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_content_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'css'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'utf-8'</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::get_content_type">
<code class="descname">get_content_type</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::get_content_type" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Content-Type string</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns the Content-Type HTTP header that’s currently in use, excluding the character set value.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$mime</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">get_content_type</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">If not set, the default return value is ‘text/html’.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::get_header">
<code class="descname">get_header</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$header</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::get_header" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$header</strong> (<em>string</em>) – HTTP header name</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">HTTP response header or NULL if not found</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">mixed</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Returns the requested HTTP header value, or NULL if the requested header is not set.
Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_content_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'text/plain'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'UTF-8'</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">echo</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">get_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'content-type'</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Outputs: text/plain; charset=utf-8</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The header name is compared in a case-insensitive manner.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Raw headers sent via PHP’s native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">header()</span></code> function are also detected.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::get_output">
<code class="descname">get_output</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::get_output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">Output string</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body">string</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to manually retrieve any output that has been sent for
storage in the output class. Usage example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$string</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">get_output</span><span class="p">();</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note that data will only be retrievable from this function if it has
been previously sent to the output class by one of the CodeIgniter
functions like <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this->load->view()</span></code>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::append_output">
<code class="descname">append_output</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$output</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::append_output" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$output</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Additional output data to append</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Output instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Output</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Appends data onto the output string.</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">append_output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$data</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::set_header">
<code class="descname">set_header</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$header</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$replace = TRUE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::set_header" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$header</strong> (<em>string</em>) – HTTP response header</li>
<li><strong>$replace</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to replace the old header value, if it is already set</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Output instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Output</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to manually set server headers, which the output class will
send for you when outputting the final rendered display. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'HTTP/1.0 200 OK'</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'HTTP/1.1 200 OK'</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Last-Modified: '</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nb">gmdate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'D, d M Y H:i:s'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$last_update</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="s1">' GMT'</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Cache-Control: no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate'</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Cache-Control: post-check=0, pre-check=0'</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Pragma: no-cache'</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::set_status_header">
<code class="descname">set_status_header</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$code = 200</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>$text = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::set_status_header" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$code</strong> (<em>int</em>) – HTTP status code</li>
<li><strong>$text</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Optional message</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Output instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Output</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to manually set a server status header. Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_status_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">401</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="c1">// Sets the header as: Unauthorized</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html">See here</a> for a full list of headers.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This method is an alias for <a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html"><span class="doc">Common function</span></a>
<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_status_header()</span></code>.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::enable_profiler">
<code class="descname">enable_profiler</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$val = TRUE</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::enable_profiler" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$val</strong> (<em>bool</em>) – Whether to enable or disable the Profiler</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Output instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Output</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to enable/disable the <a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html"><span class="doc">Profiler</span></a>, which will display benchmark
and other data at the bottom of your pages for debugging and optimization purposes.</p>
<p>To enable the profiler place the following line anywhere within your
<a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html"><span class="doc">Controller</span></a> methods:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">enable_profiler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>When enabled a report will be generated and inserted at the bottom of your pages.</p>
<p>To disable the profiler you would use:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">enable_profiler</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::set_profiler_sections">
<code class="descname">set_profiler_sections</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$sections</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::set_profiler_sections" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$sections</strong> (<em>array</em>) – Profiler sections</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Output instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Output</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Permits you to enable/disable specific sections of the Profiler when it is enabled.
Please refer to the <a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html"><span class="doc">Profiler</span></a> documentation for further information.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::cache">
<code class="descname">cache</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em>$time</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::cache" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$time</strong> (<em>int</em>) – Cache expiration time in minutes</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">CI_Output instance (method chaining)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">CI_Output</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Caches the current page for the specified amount of minutes.</p>
<p>For more information, please see the <a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html"><span class="doc">caching documentation</span></a>.</p>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="method">
<dt id="CI_Output::_display">
<code class="descname">_display</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em>$output = ''</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#CI_Output::_display" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>$output</strong> (<em>string</em>) – Output data override</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">void</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Sends finalized output data to the browser along with any server headers. It also stops benchmark
timers.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">This method is called automatically at the end of script execution, you won’t need to
call it manually unless you are aborting script execution using <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">exit()</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">die()</span></code> in your code.</p>
</div>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$response</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'status'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s1">'OK'</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">output</span>
<span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_status_header</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_content_type</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'application/json'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'utf-8'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="o">-></span><span class="na">set_output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">json_encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$response</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">JSON_PRETTY_PRINT</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nx">JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="nx">JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="o">-></span><span class="na">_display</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="k">exit</span><span class="p">;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Calling this method manually without aborting script execution will result in duplicated output.</p>
</div>
</dd></dl>
</dd></dl>
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