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diff --git a/doc/makepkg.8 b/doc/makepkg.8 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..51cb50ce --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/makepkg.8 @@ -0,0 +1,455 @@ +.TH makepkg 8 "January 30, 2006" "makepkg #VERSION#" "" +.SH NAME +makepkg \- package build utility +.SH SYNOPSIS +\fBmakepkg [options]\fP +.SH DESCRIPTION +\fBmakepkg\fP will build packages for you. All it needs is +a build-capable linux platform, wget, and some build scripts. The advantage +to a script-based build is that you only really do the work once. Once you +have the build script for a package, you just need to run makepkg and it +will do the rest: download and validate source files, check dependencies, +configure the buildtime settings, build the package, install the package +into a temporary root, make customizations, generate meta-info, and package +the whole thing up for \fBpacman\fP to use. + +\fBmakeworld\fP can be used to rebuild an entire package group or the +entire build tree. See \fBmakeworld --help\fP for syntax. +.SH BUILD PROCESS (or How To Build Your Own Packages) +Start in an isolated directory (ie, it's not used for anything other +than building this package). The build script should be called PKGBUILD +and it should bear resemblance to the example below. + +\fBNOTE:\fP If you have a local copy of the Arch Build System (ABS) tree +on your computer, you can copy the PKGBUILD.proto file to your new package +build directory and edit it from there. To acquire/sync the ABS tree, use +the \fBabs\fP script included with pacman/makepkg. + +.TP +.TP +.SH PKGBUILD Example: +.RS +.nf +pkgname=modutils +pkgver=2.4.25 +pkgrel=1 +pkgdesc="Utilities for inserting and removing modules from the linux kernel" +url="http://www.kernel.org" +backup=(etc/modules.conf) +makedepends=('bash' 'mawk') +depends=('glibc' 'zlib') +source=(ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/$pkgname/v2.4/$pkgname-$pkgver.tar.bz2 \\ + modules.conf) +md5sums=('2c0cca3ef6330a187c6ef4fe41ecaa4d' \\ + '35175bee593a7cc7d6205584a94d8625') + +build() { + cd $startdir/src/$pkgname-$pkgver + ./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-insmod-static + make || return 1 + make prefix=$startdir/pkg/usr install + mv $startdir/pkg/usr/sbin $startdir/pkg + mkdir -p $startdir/pkg/etc + cp ../modules.conf $startdir/pkg/etc +} +.fi +.RE + +As you can see, the setup is fairly simple. The first three lines define +the package name and version info. They also define the final package name +which will be of the form \fI$pkgname-$pkgver-$pkgrel.pkg.tar.gz\fP. The fourth +line provides a brief description of the package. These four lines should +be present in every PKGBUILD script. + +The line with \fIbackup=\fP specifies files that should be treated specially +when removing or upgrading packages. See \fBHANDLING CONFIG FILES\fP in +the \fIpacman\fP manpage for more information on this. + +Lines 7 and 8 list the dependencies for this package. The \fIdepends\fP array +specifies the run-time dependencies and \fImakedepends\fP specifies the build-time +dependencies. In order to run the package, \fIdepends\fP must be satisfied. To +build the package, \fBall\fP dependencies must be satisifed first. makepkg +will check this before attempting to build the package. + +The \fIsource\fP array tells makepkg which files to download/extract before compiling +begins. The \fImd5sums\fP array provides md5sums for each of these files. These +are used to validate the integrity of the source files. + +Once your PKGBUILD is created, you can run \fImakepkg\fP from the build directory. +makepkg will then check dependencies and look for the source files required to +build. If some are missing it will attempt to download them, provided there is +a fully-qualified URL in the \fIsource\fP array. + +The sources are then extracted into a directory called ./src and +the \fIbuild\fP function is called. This is where all package configuration, +building, and installing should be done. Any customization will likely take +place here. + +After a package is built, the \fIbuild\fP function must install the package +files into a special package root, which can be referenced by \fB$startdir/pkg\fP +in the \fIbuild\fP function. The typical way to do this is one of the following: +.RS +.nf + +make DESTDIR=$startdir/pkg install + +or + +make prefix=$startdir/pkg/usr install + +.fi +.RE +Notice that the "/usr" portion should be present with "prefix", but not "DESTDIR". +"DESTDIR" is the favorable option to use, but not all Makefiles support it. Use +"prefix" only when "DESTDIR" is unavailable. + +Once the package is successfully installed into the package root, \fImakepkg\fP +will remove some directories (as per Arch Linux package guidelines; if you use +this elsewhere, feel free to change it) like /usr/doc and /usr/info. It will +then strip debugging info from libraries and binaries and generate a meta-info +file. Finally, it will compress everything into a .pkg.tar.gz file and leave it +in the directory you ran \fBmakepkg\fP from. + +At this point you should have a package file in the current directory, named +something like name-version-release.pkg.tar.gz. Done! + +.SH Install/Upgrade/Remove Scripting +Pacman has the ability to store and execute a package-specific script when it +installs, removes, or upgrades a package. This allows a package to "configure +itself" after installation and do the opposite right before it is removed. + +The exact time the script is run varies with each operation: +.TP +.B pre_install +script is run right before files are extracted. + +.TP +.B post_install +script is run right after files are extracted. + +.TP +.B pre_upgrade +script is run right before files are extracted. + +.TP +.B post_upgrade +script is run after files are extracted. + +.TP +.B pre_remove +script is run right before files are removed. + +.TP +.B post_remove +script is run right after files are removed. + +.RE +To use this feature, just create a file (eg, pkgname.install) and put it in +the same directory as the PKGBUILD script. Then use the \fIinstall\fP directive: +.RS +.nf +install=pkgname.install +.fi +.RE + +The install script does not need to be specified in the \fIsource\fP array. + +.TP +.TP +.SH Install scripts must follow this format: +.RS +.nf +# arg 1: the new package version +pre_install() { + # + # do pre-install stuff here + # + /bin/true +} + +# arg 1: the new package version +post_install() { + # + # do post-install stuff here + # + /bin/true +} + +# arg 1: the new package version +# arg 2: the old package version +pre_upgrade() { + # + # do pre-upgrade stuff here + # + /bin/true +} + +# arg 1: the new package version +# arg 2: the old package version +post_upgrade() { + # + # do post-upgrade stuff here + # + /bin/true +} + +# arg 1: the old package version +pre_remove() { + # + # do pre-remove stuff here + # + /bin/true +} + +# arg 1: the old package version +post_remove() { + # + # do post-remove stuff here + # + /bin/true +} + +op=$1 +shift +$op $* +.fi +.RE + +This template is also available in your ABS tree (/var/abs/install.proto). + +.SH PKGBUILD Directives +.TP +.B pkgname +The name of the package. This has be a unix-friendly name as it will be +used in the package filename. + +.TP +.B pkgver +This is the version of the software as released from the author (eg, 2.7.1). + +.TP +.B pkgrel +This is the release number specific to Arch Linux packages. + +.TP +.B pkgdesc +This should be a brief description of the package and its functionality. + +.TP +.B options +This array allows you to override some of makepkg's default behaviour +when building packages. To set an option, just include the option name +in the \fBoptions\fP array. +.TP +.RS +\fIAvailable Options:\fP +.RS +.TP +.B FORCE +force the package to be upgraded by \fB--sysupgrade\fP, even +if its an older version. +.TP +.B KEEPDOCS +do not remove /usr/share/doc and /usr/share/info directories. +.TP +.B NOSTRIP +do not strip debugging symbols from binaries and libraries. +.RE +.RE + +.TP +.B url +This field contains an optional URL that is associated with the piece of software +being packaged. This is typically the project's website. + +.TP +.B license +This field specifies the license(s) that apply to the package. Commonly-used +licenses are typically found in \fI/usr/share/licenses/common\fP. If you +see the package's license there, simply reference it in the license field +(eg, \fBlicense="GPL"\fP). If the package provides a license not found in +\fI/usr/share/licenses/common\fP, then you should include the license in +the package itself and set \fBlicense="custom"\fP or \fBlicense="custom:LicenseName"\fP. +The license itself should be placed in a directory called +\fI$startdir/pkg/usr/share/licenses/$pkgname\fP. +.TP +.RE +If multiple licenses are applied, use the array form: \fBlicense=('GPL' 'FDL')\fP + +.TP +.B install +Specifies a special install script that is to be included in the package. +This file should reside in the same directory as the PKGBUILD, and will be +copied into the package by makepkg. It does not need to be included in the +\fIsource\fP array. (eg, install=modutils.install) + +.TP +.B source \fI(array)\fP +The \fIsource\fP line is an array of source files required to build the +package. Source files must reside in the same directory as the PKGBUILD +file, unless they have a fully-qualified URL. Then if the source file +does not already exist in /var/cache/pacman/src, the file is downloaded +by wget. + +.TP +.B md5sums \fI(array)\fP +If this field is present, it should contain an MD5 hash for every source file +specified in the \fIsource\fP array (in the same order). makepkg will use +this to verify source file integrity during subsequent builds. To easily +generate md5sums, first build using the PKGBUILD then run +\fBmakepkg -g >>PKGBUILD\fP. Then you can edit the PKGBUILD and move the +\fImd5sums\fP line from the bottom to an appropriate location. + +.TP +.B groups \fI(array)\fP +This is an array of symbolic names that represent groups of packages, allowing +you to install multiple packages by requesting a single target. For example, +one could install all KDE packages by installing the 'kde' group. + +.TP +.B backup \fI(array)\fP +A space-delimited array of filenames (without a preceding slash). The +\fIbackup\fP line will be propagated to the package meta-info file for +pacman. This will designate all files listed there to be backed up if this +package is ever removed from a system. See \fBHANDLING CONFIG FILES\fP in +the \fIpacman\fP manpage for more information. + +.TP +.B depends \fI(array)\fP +An array of packages that this package depends on to build and run. Packages +in this list should be surrounded with single quotes and contain at least the +package name. They can also include a version requirement of the form +\fBname<>version\fP, where <> is one of these three comparisons: \fB>=\fP +(greater than equal to), \fB<=\fP (less than or equal to), or \fB=\fP (equal to). +See the PKGBUILD example above for an example of the \fIdepends\fP directive. + +.TP +.B makedepends \fI(array)\fP +An array of packages that this package depends on to build (ie, not required +to run). Packages in this list should follow the same format as \fIdepends\fP. + +.TP +.B conflicts \fI(array)\fP +An array of packages that will conflict with this package (ie, they cannot both +be installed at the same time). This directive follows the same format as +\fIdepends\fP except you cannot specify versions here, only package names. + +.TP +.B provides \fI(array)\fP +An array of "virtual provisions" that this package provides. This allows a package +to provide dependency names other than it's own package name. For example, the +kernel-scsi and kernel-ide packages can each provide 'kernel' which allows packages +to simply depend on 'kernel' rather than "kernel-scsi OR kernel-ide OR ..." + +.TP +.B replaces \fI(array)\fP +This is an array of packages that this package should replace, and can be used to handle +renamed/combined packages. For example, if the kernel package gets renamed +to kernel-ide, then subsequent 'pacman -Syu' calls will not pick up the upgrade, due +to the differing package names. \fIreplaces\fP handles this. + +.SH MAKEPKG OPTIONS +.TP +.B "\-b, \-\-builddeps" +Build missing dependencies from source. When makepkg finds missing build-time or +run-time dependencies, it will look for the dependencies' PKGBUILD files under +$ABSROOT (set in your /etc/makepkg.conf). If it finds them it will +run another copy of makepkg to build and install the missing dependencies. +The child makepkg calls will be made with the \fB-b\fP and \fB-i\fP options. +.TP +.B "\-B, \-\-noccache" +Do not use ccache during build. +.TP +.B "\-c, \-\-clean" +Clean up leftover work files/directories after a successful build. +.TP +.B "\-C, \-\-cleancache" +Removes all source files from the cache directory to free up diskspace. +.TP +.B "\-d, \-\-nodeps" +Do not perform any dependency checks. This will let you override/ignore any +dependencies required. There's a good chance this option will break the build +process if all of the dependencies aren't installed. +.TP +.B "\-e, \-\-noextract" +Do not extract source files. Instead, use whatever already exists in the +src/ directory. This is handy if you want to go into src and manually +patch/tweak code, then make a package out of the result. +.TP +.B "\-f, \-\-force" +\fBmakepkg\fP will not build a package if a \fIpkgname-pkgver-pkgrel.pkg.tar.gz\fP +file already exists in the build directory. You can override this behaviour with +the \fB--force\fP switch. +.TP +.B "\-g, \-\-genmd5" +Download all source files (if required) and use \fImd5sum\fP to generate md5 hashes +for each of them. You can then redirect the output into your PKGBUILD for source +validation (makepkg -g >>PKGBUILD). +.TP +.B "\-h, \-\-help" +Output syntax and commandline options. +.TP +.B "\-i, \-\-install" +Install/Upgrade the package after a successful build. +.TP +.B "\-j <jobs>" +Sets MAKEFLAGS="-j<jobs>" before building the package. This is useful for overriding +the MAKEFLAGS setting in /etc/makepkg.conf. +.TP +.B "\-m, \-\-nocolor" +Disable color in output messages +.TP +.B "\-n, \-\-nostrip" +Do not strip binaries and libraries. +.TP +.B "\-o, \-\-nobuild" +Download and extract files only, do not build. +.TP +.B "\-p <buildscript>" +Read the package script \fI<buildscript>\fP instead of the default (\fIPKGBUILD\fP). +.TP +.B "\-r, \-\-rmdeps" +Upon successful build, remove any dependencies installed by makepkg/pacman during +dependency auto-resolution (using \fB-b\fP or \fB-s\fP). +.TP +.B "\-s, \-\-syncdeps" +Install missing dependencies using pacman. When makepkg finds missing build-time +or run-time dependencies, it will run pacman to try and resolve them. If successful, +pacman will download the missing packages from a package repository and +install them for you. +.TP +.B "\-S, \-\-sudosync" +Install missing dependencies using pacman and sudo. This is the same as \fB-s\fP +except that makepkg will call pacman with sudo. This means you don't have to +build as root to use dependency auto-resolution. +.TP +.B "\-w <destdir>" +Write the resulting package file to the directory \fI<destdir>\fP instead of the +current working directory. +.TP +.B "\-\-noconfirm" +When calling pacman to resolve dependencies or conflicts, makepkg can pass +the \fI--noconfirm\fP option to it so it does not wait for any user +input before proceeding with operations. +.TP +.B "\-\-noprogressbar" +When calling pacman, makepkg can pass the \fI--noprogressbar\fP option to it. +This is useful if one is directing makepkg's output to a non-terminal (ie, a file). + +.SH CONFIGURATION +Configuration options are stored in \fI/etc/makepkg.conf\fP. This file is parsed +as a bash script, so you can export any special compiler flags you wish +to use. This is helpful for building for different architectures, or with +different optimizations. + +\fBNOTE:\fP This does not guarantee that all package Makefiles will use +your exported variables. Some of them are flaky... +.SH SEE ALSO +\fBpacman\fP is the package manager that uses packages built by makepkg. + +See the Arch Linux Documentation for package-building guidelines if you wish +to contribute packages to the Arch Linux project. +.SH AUTHOR +.nf +Judd Vinet <jvinet@zeroflux.org> +.fi |