update

Signed-off-by: Florian Pritz <bluewind@xssn.at>

2 files changed, 2588 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/ack/PKGBUILD b/ack/PKGBUILD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fe7b01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ack/PKGBUILD
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Maintainer: Michael S. Walker <barrucadu@localhost>
+pkgname=ack  
+pkgver=1.90
+pkgrel=1 
+pkgdesc="A tool like grep, aimed at programmers with large trees of heterogeneous source code."
+url="http://ack.googlecode.com"
+arch=('i686' 'x86_64')
+license=('GPL')
+depends=('perl')
+source=(http://ack.googlecode.com/svn/tags/$pkgver/$pkgname)
+md5sums=('d15d059166beff6103d2401aa2d783c7')
+
+build() {
+  cd $startdir/src
+  install -D -m755 ack ${pkgdir}/usr/bin/ack
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/ack/ack b/ack/ack
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..614ae75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ack/ack
@@ -0,0 +1,2572 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
+#
+# This file, ack, is generated code.
+# Please DO NOT EDIT or send patches for it.
+#
+# Please take a look at the source from
+# http://code.google.com/p/ack/source
+# and submit patches against the individual files
+# that build ack.
+#
+
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+
+our $VERSION = '1.90';
+# Check http://betterthangrep.com/ for updates
+
+# These are all our globals.
+
+
+MAIN: {
+    if ( $App::Ack::VERSION ne $main::VERSION ) {
+        App::Ack::die( "Program/library version mismatch\n\t$0 is $main::VERSION\n\t$INC{'App/Ack.pm'} is $App::Ack::VERSION" );
+    }
+
+    # Do preliminary arg checking;
+    my $env_is_usable = 1;
+    for ( @ARGV ) {
+        last if ( $_ eq '--' );
+
+        # Priorities! Get the --thpppt checking out of the way.
+        /^--th[pt]+t+$/ && App::Ack::_thpppt($_);
+
+        # See if we want to ignore the environment. (Don't tell Al Gore.)
+        if ( $_ eq '--noenv' ) {
+            my @keys = ( 'ACKRC', grep { /^ACK_/ } keys %ENV );
+            delete @ENV{@keys};
+            $env_is_usable = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    unshift( @ARGV, App::Ack::read_ackrc() ) if $env_is_usable;
+    App::Ack::load_colors();
+
+    if ( exists $ENV{ACK_SWITCHES} ) {
+        App::Ack::warn( 'ACK_SWITCHES is no longer supported.  Use ACK_OPTIONS.' );
+    }
+
+    if ( !@ARGV ) {
+        App::Ack::show_help();
+        exit 1;
+    }
+
+    main();
+}
+
+sub main {
+    my $opt = App::Ack::get_command_line_options();
+
+    $| = 1 if $opt->{flush}; # Unbuffer the output if flush mode
+
+    if ( App::Ack::input_from_pipe() ) {
+        # We're going into filter mode
+        for ( qw( f g l ) ) {
+            $opt->{$_} and App::Ack::die( "Can't use -$_ when acting as a filter." );
+        }
+        $opt->{show_filename} = 0;
+        $opt->{regex} = App::Ack::build_regex( defined $opt->{regex} ? $opt->{regex} : shift @ARGV, $opt );
+        if ( my $nargs = @ARGV ) {
+            my $s = $nargs == 1 ? '' : 's';
+            App::Ack::warn( "Ignoring $nargs argument$s on the command-line while acting as a filter." );
+        }
+        my $res = App::Ack::Resource::Basic->new( '-' );
+        App::Ack::search_resource( $res, $opt );
+        $res->close();
+        exit 0;
+    }
+
+    my $file_matching = $opt->{f} || $opt->{lines};
+    if ( !$file_matching ) {
+        @ARGV or App::Ack::die( 'No regular expression found.' );
+        $opt->{regex} = App::Ack::build_regex( defined $opt->{regex} ? $opt->{regex} : shift @ARGV, $opt );
+    }
+
+    # check that all regexes do compile fine
+    App::Ack::check_regex( $_ ) for ( $opt->{regex}, $opt->{G} );
+
+    my $what = App::Ack::get_starting_points( \@ARGV, $opt );
+    my $iter = App::Ack::get_iterator( $what, $opt );
+    App::Ack::filetype_setup();
+
+    my $nmatches = 0;
+
+    App::Ack::set_up_pager( $opt->{pager} ) if defined $opt->{pager};
+    if ( $opt->{f} ) {
+        App::Ack::print_files( $iter, $opt );
+    }
+    elsif ( $opt->{l} || $opt->{count} ) {
+        $nmatches = App::Ack::print_files_with_matches( $iter, $opt );
+    }
+    else {
+        $nmatches = App::Ack::print_matches( $iter, $opt );
+    }
+    close $App::Ack::fh;
+    exit ($nmatches ? 0 : 1);
+}
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+ack - grep-like text finder
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+    ack [options] PATTERN [FILE...]
+    ack -f [options] [DIRECTORY...]
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+Ack is designed as a replacement for 99% of the uses of F<grep>.
+
+Ack searches the named input FILEs (or standard input if no files are
+named, or the file name - is given) for lines containing a match to the
+given PATTERN.  By default, ack prints the matching lines.
+
+Ack can also list files that would be searched, without actually searching
+them, to let you take advantage of ack's file-type filtering capabilities.
+
+=head1 FILE SELECTION
+
+I<ack> is intelligent about the files it searches.  It knows about
+certain file types, based on both the extension on the file and,
+in some cases, the contents of the file.  These selections can be
+made with the B<--type> option.
+
+With no file selections, I<ack> only searches files of types that
+it recognizes.  If you have a file called F<foo.wango>, and I<ack>
+doesn't know what a .wango file is, I<ack> won't search it.
+
+The B<-a> option tells I<ack> to select all files, regardless of
+type.
+
+Some files will never be selected by I<ack>, even with B<-a>,
+including:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item * Backup files: Files ending with F<~>, or F<#*#>
+
+=item * Coredumps: Files matching F<core.\d+>
+
+=back
+
+However, I<ack> always searches the files given on the command line,
+no matter what type. Furthermore, by specifying the B<-u> option all
+files will be searched.
+
+=head1 DIRECTORY SELECTION
+
+I<ack> descends through the directory tree of the starting directories
+specified.  However, it will ignore the shadow directories used by
+many version control systems, and the build directories used by the
+Perl MakeMaker system.  You may add or remove a directory from this
+list with the B<--[no]ignore-dir> option. The option may be repeated
+to add/remove multiple directories from the ignore list.
+
+For a complete list of directories that do not get searched, run
+F<ack --help>.
+
+=head1 WHEN TO USE GREP
+
+I<ack> trumps I<grep> as an everyday tool 99% of the time, but don't
+throw I<grep> away, because there are times you'll still need it.
+
+E.g., searching through huge files looking for regexes that can be
+expressed with I<grep> syntax should be quicker with I<grep>.
+
+If your script or parent program uses I<grep> C<--quiet> or
+C<--silent> or needs exit 2 on IO error, use I<grep>.
+
+=head1 OPTIONS
+
+=over 4
+
+=item B<-a>, B<--all>
+
+Operate on all files, regardless of type (but still skip directories
+like F<blib>, F<CVS>, etc.)
+
+=item B<-A I<NUM>>, B<--after-context=I<NUM>>
+
+Print I<NUM> lines of trailing context after matching lines.
+
+=item B<-B I<NUM>>, B<--before-context=I<NUM>>
+
+Print I<NUM> lines of leading context before matching lines.
+
+=item B<-C [I<NUM>]>, B<--context[=I<NUM>]>
+
+Print I<NUM> lines (default 2) of context around matching lines.
+
+=item B<-c>, B<--count>
+
+Suppress normal output; instead print a count of matching lines for
+each input file.  If B<-l> is in effect, it will only show the
+number of lines for each file that has lines matching.  Without
+B<-l>, some line counts may be zeroes.
+
+=item B<--color>, B<--nocolor>
+
+B<--color> highlights the matching text.  B<--nocolor> supresses
+the color.  This is on by default unless the output is redirected.
+
+On Windows, this option is off by default unless the
+L<Win32::Console::ANSI> module is installed or the C<ACK_PAGER_COLOR>
+environment variable is used.
+
+=item B<--color-filename=I<color>>
+
+Sets the color to be used for filenames.
+
+=item B<--color-match=I<color>>
+
+Sets the color to be used for matches.
+
+=item B<--column>
+
+Show the column number of the first match.  This is helpful for editors
+that can place your cursor at a given position.
+
+=item B<--env>, B<--noenv>
+
+B<--noenv> disables all environment processing. No F<.ackrc> is read
+and all environment variables are ignored. By default, F<ack> considers
+F<.ackrc> and settings in the environment.
+
+=item B<--flush>
+
+B<--flush> flushes output immediately.  This is off by default
+unless ack is running interactively (when output goes to a pipe
+or file).
+
+=item B<-f>
+
+Only print the files that would be searched, without actually doing
+any searching.  PATTERN must not be specified, or it will be taken as
+a path to search.
+
+=item B<--follow>, B<--nofollow>
+
+Follow or don't follow symlinks, other than whatever starting files
+or directories were specified on the command line.
+
+This is off by default.
+
+=item B<-G I<REGEX>>
+
+Only paths matching I<REGEX> are included in the search.  The entire
+path and filename are matched against I<REGEX>, and I<REGEX> is a
+Perl regular expression, not a shell glob.
+
+The options B<-i>, B<-w>, B<-v>, and B<-Q> do not apply to this I<REGEX>.
+
+=item B<-g I<REGEX>>
+
+Print files where the relative path + filename matches I<REGEX>. This option is
+a convenience shortcut for B<-f> B<-G I<REGEX>>.
+
+The options B<-i>, B<-w>, B<-v>, and B<-Q> do not apply to this I<REGEX>.
+
+=item B<--group>, B<--nogroup>
+
+B<--group> groups matches by file name with.  This is the default when
+used interactively.
+
+B<--nogroup> prints one result per line, like grep.  This is the default
+when output is redirected.
+
+=item B<-H>, B<--with-filename>
+
+Print the filename for each match.
+
+=item B<-h>, B<--no-filename>
+
+Suppress the prefixing of filenames on output when multiple files are
+searched.
+
+=item B<--help>
+
+Print a short help statement.
+
+=item B<-i>, B<--ignore-case>
+
+Ignore case in the search strings.
+
+This applies only to the PATTERN, not to the regexes given for the B<-g>
+and B<-G> options.
+
+=item B<--[no]ignore-dir=DIRNAME>
+
+Ignore directory (as CVS, .svn, etc are ignored). May be used multiple times
+to ignore multiple directories. For example, mason users may wish to include
+B<--ignore-dir=data>. The B<--noignore-dir> option allows users to search
+directories which would normally be ignored (perhaps to research the contents
+of F<.svn/props> directories).
+
+=item B<--line=I<NUM>>
+
+Only print line I<NUM> of each file. Multiple lines can be given with multiple
+B<--line> options or as a comma separated list (B<--line=3,5,7>). B<--line=4-7>
+also works. The lines are always output in ascending order, no matter the
+order given on the command line.
+
+=item B<-l>, B<--files-with-matches>
+
+Only print the filenames of matching files, instead of the matching text.
+
+=item B<-L>, B<--files-without-matches>
+
+Only print the filenames of files that do I<NOT> match. This is equivalent
+to specifying B<-l> and B<-v>.
+
+=item B<--match I<REGEX>>
+
+Specify the I<REGEX> explicitly. This is helpful if you don't want to put the
+regex as your first argument, e.g. when executing multiple searches over the
+same set of files.
+
+    # search for foo and bar in given files
+    ack file1 t/file* --match foo
+    ack file1 t/file* --match bar
+
+=item B<-m=I<NUM>>, B<--max-count=I<NUM>>
+
+Stop reading a file after I<NUM> matches.
+
+=item B<--man>
+
+Print this manual page.
+
+=item B<-n>
+
+No descending into subdirectories.
+
+=item B<-o>
+
+Show only the part of each line matching PATTERN (turns off text
+highlighting)
+
+=item B<--output=I<expr>>
+
+Output the evaluation of I<expr> for each line (turns off text
+highlighting)
+
+=item B<--pager=I<program>>
+
+Direct ack's output through I<program>.  This can also be specified
+via the C<ACK_PAGER> and C<ACK_PAGER_COLOR> environment variables.
+
+Using --pager does not suppress grouping and coloring like piping
+output on the command-line does.
+
+=item B<--passthru>
+
+Prints all lines, whether or not they match the expression.  Highlighting
+will still work, though, so it can be used to highlight matches while
+still seeing the entire file, as in:
+
+    # Watch a log file, and highlight a certain IP address
+    $ tail -f ~/access.log | ack --passthru 123.45.67.89
+
+=item B<--print0>
+
+Only works in conjunction with -f, -g, -l or -c (filename output). The filenames
+are output separated with a null byte instead of the usual newline. This is
+helpful when dealing with filenames that contain whitespace, e.g.
+
+    # remove all files of type html
+    ack -f --html --print0 | xargs -0 rm -f
+
+=item B<-Q>, B<--literal>
+
+Quote all metacharacters in PATTERN, it is treated as a literal.
+
+This applies only to the PATTERN, not to the regexes given for the B<-g>
+and B<-G> options.
+
+=item B<--smart-case>, B<--no-smart-case>
+
+Ignore case in the search strings if PATTERN contains no uppercase
+characters. This is similar to C<smartcase> in vim. This option is
+off by default.
+
+B<-i> always overrides this option.
+
+This applies only to the PATTERN, not to the regexes given for the
+B<-g> and B<-G> options.
+
+=item B<--sort-files>
+
+Sorts the found files lexically.  Use this if you want your file
+listings to be deterministic between runs of I<ack>.
+
+=item B<--thpppt>
+
+Display the all-important Bill The Cat logo.  Note that the exact
+spelling of B<--thpppppt> is not important.  It's checked against
+a regular expression.
+
+=item B<--type=TYPE>, B<--type=noTYPE>
+
+Specify the types of files to include or exclude from a search.
+TYPE is a filetype, like I<perl> or I<xml>.  B<--type=perl> can
+also be specified as B<--perl>, and B<--type=noperl> can be done
+as B<--noperl>.
+
+If a file is of both type "foo" and "bar", specifying --foo and
+--nobar will exclude the file, because an exclusion takes precedence
+over an inclusion.
+
+Type specifications can be repeated and are ORed together.
+
+See I<ack --help=types> for a list of valid types.
+
+=item B<--type-add I<TYPE>=I<.EXTENSION>[,I<.EXT2>[,...]]>
+
+Files with the given EXTENSION(s) are recognized as being of (the
+existing) type TYPE. See also L</"Defining your own types">.
+
+
+=item B<--type-set I<TYPE>=I<.EXTENSION>[,I<.EXT2>[,...]]>
+
+Files with the given EXTENSION(s) are recognized as being of type
+TYPE. This replaces an existing definition for type TYPE.  See also
+L</"Defining your own types">.
+
+=item B<-u>, B<--unrestricted>
+
+All files and directories (including blib/, core.*, ...) are searched,
+nothing is skipped. When both B<-u> and B<--ignore-dir> are used, the
+B<--ignore-dir> option has no effect.
+
+=item B<-v>, B<--invert-match>
+
+Invert match: select non-matching lines
+
+This applies only to the PATTERN, not to the regexes given for the B<-g>
+and B<-G> options.
+
+=item B<--version>
+
+Display version and copyright information.
+
+=item B<-w>, B<--word-regexp>
+
+Force PATTERN to match only whole words.  The PATTERN is wrapped with
+C<\b> metacharacters.
+
+This applies only to the PATTERN, not to the regexes given for the B<-g>
+and B<-G> options.
+
+=item B<-1>
+
+Stops after reporting first match of any kind.  This is different
+from B<--max-count=1> or B<-m1>, where only one match per file is
+shown.  Also, B<-1> works with B<-f> and B<-g>, where B<-m> does
+not.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 THE .ackrc FILE
+
+The F<.ackrc> file contains command-line options that are prepended
+to the command line before processing.  Multiple options may live
+on multiple lines.  Lines beginning with a # are ignored.  A F<.ackrc>
+might look like this:
+
+    # Always sort the files
+    --sort-files
+
+    # Always color, even if piping to a another program
+    --color
+
+    # Use "less -r" as my pager
+    --pager=less -r
+
+Note that arguments with spaces in them do not need to be quoted,
+as they are not interpreted by the shell. Basically, each I<line>
+in the F<.ackrc> file is interpreted as one element of C<@ARGV>.
+
+F<ack> looks in your home directory for the F<.ackrc>.  You can
+specify another location with the F<ACKRC> variable, below.
+
+If B<--noenv> is specified on the command line, the F<.ackrc> file
+is ignored.
+
+=head1 Defining your own types
+
+ack allows you to define your own types in addition to the predefined
+types. This is done with command line options that are best put into
+an F<.ackrc> file - then you do not have to define your types over and
+over again. In the following examples the options will always be shown
+on one command line so that they can be easily copy & pasted.
+
+I<ack --perl foo> searches for foo in all perl files. I<ack --help=types>
+tells you, that perl files are files ending
+in .pl, .pm, .pod or .t. So what if you would like to include .xs
+files as well when searching for --perl files? I<ack --type-add perl=.xs --perl foo>
+does this for you. B<--type-add> appends
+additional extensions to an existing type.
+
+If you want to define a new type, or completely redefine an existing
+type, then use B<--type-set>. I<ack --type-set
+eiffel=.e,.eiffel> defines the type I<eiffel> to include files with
+the extensions .e or .eiffel. So to search for all eiffel files
+containing the word Bertrand use I<ack --type-set eiffel=.e,.eiffel --eiffel Bertrand>.
+As usual, you can also write B<--type=eiffel>
+instead of B<--eiffel>. Negation also works, so B<--noeiffel> excludes
+all eiffel files from a search. Redefining also works: I<ack --type-set cc=.c,.h>
+and I<.xs> files no longer belong to the type I<cc>.
+
+When defining your own types in the F<.ackrc> file you have to use
+the following:
+
+  --type-set=eiffel=.e,.eiffel
+
+or writing on separate lines
+
+  --type-set
+  eiffel=.e,.eiffel
+
+The following does B<NOT> work in the F<.ackrc> file:
+
+  --type-set eiffel=.e,.eiffel
+
+
+In order to see all currently defined types, use I<--help types>, e.g.
+I<ack --type-set backup=.bak --type-add perl=.perl --help types>
+
+Restrictions:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item
+
+The types 'skipped', 'make', 'binary' and 'text' are considered "builtin" and
+cannot be altered.
+
+=item
+
+The shebang line recognition of the types 'perl', 'ruby', 'php', 'python',
+'shell' and 'xml' cannot be redefined by I<--type-set>, it is always
+active. However, the shebang line is only examined for files where the
+extension is not recognised. Therefore it is possible to say
+I<ack --type-set perl=.perl --type-set foo=.pl,.pm,.pod,.t --perl --nofoo> and
+only find your shiny new I<.perl> files (and all files with unrecognized extension
+and perl on the shebang line).
+
+=back
+
+=head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+
+For commonly-used ack options, environment variables can make life much easier.
+These variables are ignored if B<--noenv> is specified on the command line.
+
+=over 4
+
+=item ACKRC
+
+Specifies the location of the F<.ackrc> file.  If this file doesn't
+exist, F<ack> looks in the default location.
+
+=item ACK_OPTIONS
+
+This variable specifies default options to be placed in front of
+any explicit options on the command line.
+
+=item ACK_COLOR_FILENAME
+
+Specifies the color of the filename when it's printed in B<--group>
+mode.  By default, it's "bold green".
+
+The recognized attributes are clear, reset, dark, bold, underline,
+underscore, blink, reverse, concealed black, red, green, yellow,
+blue, magenta, on_black, on_red, on_green, on_yellow, on_blue,
+on_magenta, on_cyan, and on_white.  Case is not significant.
+Underline and underscore are equivalent, as are clear and reset.
+The color alone sets the foreground color, and on_color sets the
+background color.
+
+This option can also be set with B<--color-filename>.
+
+=item ACK_COLOR_MATCH
+
+Specifies the color of the matching text when printed in B<--color>
+mode.  By default, it's "black on_yellow".
+
+This option can also be set with B<--color-match>.
+
+See B<ACK_COLOR_FILENAME> for the color specifications.
+
+=item ACK_PAGER
+
+Specifies a pager program, such as C<more>, C<less> or C<most>, to which
+ack will send its output.
+
+Using C<ACK_PAGER> does not suppress grouping and coloring like
+piping output on the command-line does, except that on Windows
+ack will assume that C<ACK_PAGER> does not support color.
+
+C<ACK_PAGER_COLOR> overrides C<ACK_PAGER> if both are specified.
+
+=item ACK_PAGER_COLOR
+
+Specifies a pager program that understands ANSI color sequences.
+Using C<ACK_PAGER_COLOR> does not suppress grouping and coloring
+like piping output on the command-line does.
+
+If you are not on Windows, you never need to use C<ACK_PAGER_COLOR>.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 ACK & OTHER TOOLS
+
+=head2 Vim integration
+
+F<ack> integrates easily with the Vim text editor. Set this in your
+F<.vimrc> to use F<ack> instead of F<grep>:
+
+    set grepprg=ack\ -a
+
+That examples uses C<-a> to search through all files, but you may
+use other default flags. Now you can search with F<ack> and easily
+step through the results in Vim:
+
+  :grep Dumper perllib
+
+=head2 Emacs integration
+
+Phil Jackson put together an F<ack.el> extension that "provides a
+simple compilation mode ... has the ability to guess what files you
+want to search for based on the major-mode."
+
+L<http://www.shellarchive.co.uk/content/emacs.html>
+
+=head2 TextMate integration
+
+Pedro Melo is a TextMate user who writes "I spend my day mostly
+inside TextMate, and the built-in find-in-project sucks with large
+projects.  So I hacked a TextMate command that was using find +
+grep to use ack.  The result is the Search in Project with ack, and
+you can find it here:
+L<http://www.simplicidade.org/notes/archives/2008/03/search_in_proje.html>"
+
+=head2 Shell and Return Code
+
+For greater compatibility with I<grep>, I<ack> in normal use returns
+shell return or exit code of 0 only if something is found and 1 if
+no match is found.
+
+(Shell exit code 1 is C<$?=256> in perl with C<system> or backticks.)
+
+The I<grep> code 2 for errors is not used.
+
+0 is returned if C<-f> or C<-g> are specified, irrespective of
+number of files found.
+
+=cut
+
+=head1 DEBUGGING ACK PROBLEMS
+
+If ack gives you output you're not expecting, start with a few simple steps.
+
+=head2 Use B<--noenv>
+
+Your environment variables and F<.ackrc> may be doing things you're
+not expecting, or forgotten you specified.  Use B<--noenv> to ignore
+your environment and F<.ackrc>.
+
+=head2 Use B<-f> to see what files you're scanning
+
+The reason I created B<-f> in the first place was as a debugging
+tool.  If ack is not finding matches you think it should find, run
+F<ack -f> to see what files are being checked.
+
+=head1 TIPS
+
+=head2 Use the F<.ackrc> file.
+
+The F<.ackrc> is the place to put all your options you use most of
+the time but don't want to remember.  Put all your --type-add and
+--type-set definitions in it.  If you like --smart-case, set it
+there, too.  I also set --sort-files there.
+
+=head2 Use F<-f> for working with big codesets
+
+Ack does more than search files.  C<ack -f --perl> will create a
+list of all the Perl files in a tree, ideal for sending into F<xargs>.
+For example:
+
+    # Change all "this" to "that" in all Perl files in a tree.
+    ack -f --perl | xargs perl -p -i -e's/this/that/g'
+
+or if you prefer:
+
+    perl -p -i -e's/this/thatg/' $(ack -f --perl)
+
+=head2 Use F<-Q> when in doubt about metacharacters
+
+If you're searching for something with a regular expression
+metacharacter, most often a period in a filename or IP address, add
+the -Q to avoid false positives without all the backslashing.  See
+the following example for more...
+
+=head2 Use ack to watch log files
+
+Here's one I used the other day to find trouble spots for a website
+visitor.  The user had a problem loading F<troublesome.gif>, so I
+took the access log and scanned it with ack twice.
+
+    ack -Q aa.bb.cc.dd /path/to/access.log | ack -Q -B5 troublesome.gif
+
+The first ack finds only the lines in the Apache log for the given
+IP.  The second finds the match on my troublesome GIF, and shows
+the previous five lines from the log in each case.
+
+=head2 Share your knowledge
+
+Join the ack-users mailing list.  Send me your tips and I may add
+them here.
+
+=head1 FAQ
+
+=head2 Wouldn't it be great if F<ack> did search & replace?
+
+No, ack will always be read-only.  Perl has a perfectly good way
+to do search & replace in files, using the C<-i>, C<-p> and C<-n>
+switches.
+
+You can certainly use ack to select your files to update.  For
+example, to change all "foo" to "bar" in all PHP files, you can do
+this form the Unix shell:
+
+    $ perl -i -p -e's/foo/bar/g' $(ack -f --php)
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Andy Lester, C<< <andy at petdance.com> >>
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+Please report any bugs or feature requests to the issues list at
+Google Code: L<http://code.google.com/p/ack/issues/list>
+
+=head1 ENHANCEMENTS
+
+All enhancement requests MUST first be posted to the ack-users
+mailing list at L<http://groups.google.com/group/ack-users>.  I
+will not consider a request without it first getting seen by other
+ack users.
+
+There is a list of enhancements I want to make to F<ack> in the ack
+issues list at Google Code: L<http://code.google.com/p/ack/issues/list>
+
+Patches are always welcome, but patches with tests get the most
+attention.
+
+=head1 SUPPORT
+
+Support for and information about F<ack> can be found at:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item * The ack homepage
+
+L<http://betterthangrep.com/>
+
+=item * The ack issues list at Google Code
+
+L<http://code.google.com/p/ack/issues/list>
+
+=item * AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation
+
+L<http://annocpan.org/dist/ack>
+
+=item * CPAN Ratings
+
+L<http://cpanratings.perl.org/d/ack>
+
+=item * Search CPAN
+
+L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/ack>
+
+=item * Subversion repository
+
+L<http://ack.googlecode.com/svn/>
+
+=back
+
+=head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
+
+How appropriate to have I<ack>nowledgements!
+
+Thanks to everyone who has contributed to ack in any way, including
+Ryan Niebur,
+Kent Fredric,
+Mike Morearty,
+Ingmar Vanhassel,
+Eric Van Dewoestine,
+Sitaram Chamarty,
+Adam James,
+Richard Carlsson,
+Pedro Melo,
+AJ Schuster,
+Phil Jackson,
+Michael Schwern,
+Jan Dubois,
+Christopher J. Madsen,
+Matthew Wickline,
+David Dyck,
+Jason Porritt,
+Jjgod Jiang,
+Thomas Klausner,
+Uri Guttman,
+Peter Lewis,
+Kevin Riggle,
+Ori Avtalion,
+Torsten Blix,
+Nigel Metheringham,
+GE<aacute>bor SzabE<oacute>,
+Tod Hagan,
+Michael Hendricks,
+E<AElig>var ArnfjE<ouml>rE<eth> Bjarmason,
+Piers Cawley,
+Stephen Steneker,
+Elias Lutfallah,
+Mark Leighton Fisher,
+Matt Diephouse,
+Christian Jaeger,
+Bill Sully,
+Bill Ricker,
+David Golden,
+Nilson Santos F. Jr,
+Elliot Shank,
+Merijn Broeren,
+Uwe Voelker,
+Rick Scott,
+Ask BjE<oslash>rn Hansen,
+Jerry Gay,
+Will Coleda,
+Mike O'Regan,
+Slaven ReziE<0x107>,
+Mark Stosberg,
+David Alan Pisoni,
+Adriano Ferreira,
+James Keenan,
+Leland Johnson,
+Ricardo Signes
+and Pete Krawczyk.
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT & LICENSE
+
+Copyright 2005-2009 Andy Lester.
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of either:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item * the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later
+version, or
+
+=item * the Artistic License version 2.0.
+
+=back
+
+=cut
+package File::Next;
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+
+our $VERSION = '1.06';
+
+
+
+use File::Spec ();
+
+
+our $name; # name of the current file
+our $dir;  # dir of the current file
+
+our %files_defaults;
+our %skip_dirs;
+
+BEGIN {
+    %files_defaults = (
+        file_filter     => undef,
+        descend_filter  => undef,
+        error_handler   => sub { CORE::die @_ },
+        sort_files      => undef,
+        follow_symlinks => 1,
+    );
+    %skip_dirs = map {($_,1)} (File::Spec->curdir, File::Spec->updir);
+}
+
+
+sub files {
+    ($_[0] eq __PACKAGE__) && die 'File::Next::files must not be invoked as File::Next->files';
+
+    my ($parms,@queue) = _setup( \%files_defaults, @_ );
+    my $filter = $parms->{file_filter};
+
+    return sub {
+        while (@queue) {
+            my ($dir,$file,$fullpath) = splice( @queue, 0, 3 );
+            if ( -f $fullpath ) {
+                if ( $filter ) {
+                    local $_ = $file;
+                    local $File::Next::dir = $dir;
+                    local $File::Next::name = $fullpath;
+                    next if not $filter->();
+                }
+                return wantarray ? ($dir,$file,$fullpath) : $fullpath;
+            }
+            elsif ( -d _ ) {
+                unshift( @queue, _candidate_files( $parms, $fullpath ) );
+            }
+        } # while
+
+        return;
+    }; # iterator
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+sub sort_standard($$)   { return $_[0]->[1] cmp $_[1]->[1] }
+sub sort_reverse($$)    { return $_[1]->[1] cmp $_[0]->[1] }
+
+sub reslash {
+    my $path = shift;
+
+    my @parts = split( /\//, $path );
+
+    return $path if @parts < 2;
+
+    return File::Spec->catfile( @parts );
+}
+
+
+
+sub _setup {
+    my $defaults = shift;
+    my $passed_parms = ref $_[0] eq 'HASH' ? {%{+shift}} : {}; # copy parm hash
+
+    my %passed_parms = %{$passed_parms};
+
+    my $parms = {};
+    for my $key ( keys %{$defaults} ) {
+        $parms->{$key} =
+            exists $passed_parms{$key}
+                ? delete $passed_parms{$key}
+                : $defaults->{$key};
+    }
+
+    # Any leftover keys are bogus
+    for my $badkey ( keys %passed_parms ) {
+        my $sub = (caller(1))[3];
+        $parms->{error_handler}->( "Invalid option passed to $sub(): $badkey" );
+    }
+
+    # If it's not a code ref, assume standard sort
+    if ( $parms->{sort_files} && ( ref($parms->{sort_files}) ne 'CODE' ) ) {
+        $parms->{sort_files} = \&sort_standard;
+    }
+    my @queue;
+
+    for ( @_ ) {
+        my $start = reslash( $_ );
+        if (-d $start) {
+            push @queue, ($start,undef,$start);
+        }
+        else {
+            push @queue, (undef,$start,$start);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ($parms,@queue);
+}
+
+
+sub _candidate_files {
+    my $parms = shift;
+    my $dir = shift;
+
+    my $dh;
+    if ( !opendir $dh, $dir ) {
+        $parms->{error_handler}->( "$dir: $!" );
+        return;
+    }
+
+    my @newfiles;
+    my $descend_filter = $parms->{descend_filter};
+    my $follow_symlinks = $parms->{follow_symlinks};
+    my $sort_sub = $parms->{sort_files};
+
+    for my $file ( grep { !exists $skip_dirs{$_} } readdir $dh ) {
+        my $has_stat;
+
+        # Only do directory checking if we have a descend_filter
+        my $fullpath = File::Spec->catdir( $dir, $file );
+        if ( !$follow_symlinks ) {
+            next if -l $fullpath;
+            $has_stat = 1;
+        }
+
+        if ( $descend_filter ) {
+            if ( $has_stat ? (-d _) : (-d $fullpath) ) {
+                local $File::Next::dir = $fullpath;
+                local $_ = $file;
+                next if not $descend_filter->();
+            }
+        }
+        if ( $sort_sub ) {
+            push( @newfiles, [ $dir, $file, $fullpath ] );
+        }
+        else {
+            push( @newfiles, $dir, $file, $fullpath );
+        }
+    }
+    closedir $dh;
+
+    if ( $sort_sub ) {
+        return map { @{$_} } sort $sort_sub @newfiles;
+    }
+
+    return @newfiles;
+}
+
+
+1; # End of File::Next
+package App::Ack;
+
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+
+
+
+
+our $VERSION;
+our $COPYRIGHT;
+BEGIN {
+    $VERSION = '1.90';
+    $COPYRIGHT = 'Copyright 2005-2009 Andy Lester, all rights reserved.';
+}
+
+our $fh;
+
+BEGIN {
+    $fh = *STDOUT;
+}
+
+
+our %types;
+our %type_wanted;
+our %mappings;
+our %ignore_dirs;
+
+our $input_from_pipe;
+our $output_to_pipe;
+
+our $dir_sep_chars;
+our $is_cygwin;
+our $is_windows;
+
+use File::Spec ();
+use File::Glob ':glob';
+use Getopt::Long ();
+
+BEGIN {
+    %ignore_dirs = (
+        '.bzr'              => 'Bazaar',
+        '.cdv'              => 'Codeville',
+        '~.dep'             => 'Interface Builder',
+        '~.dot'             => 'Interface Builder',
+        '~.nib'             => 'Interface Builder',
+        '~.plst'            => 'Interface Builder',
+        '.git'              => 'Git',
+        '.hg'               => 'Mercurial',
+        '.pc'               => 'quilt',
+        '.svn'              => 'Subversion',
+        blib                => 'Perl module building',
+        CVS                 => 'CVS',
+        RCS                 => 'RCS',
+        SCCS                => 'SCCS',
+        _darcs              => 'darcs',
+        _sgbak              => 'Vault/Fortress',
+        'autom4te.cache'    => 'autoconf',
+        'cover_db'          => 'Devel::Cover',
+        _build              => 'Module::Build',
+    );
+
+    %mappings = (
+        actionscript => [qw( as mxml )],
+        ada         => [qw( ada adb ads )],
+        asm         => [qw( asm s )],
+        batch       => [qw( bat cmd )],
+        binary      => q{Binary files, as defined by Perl's -B op (default: off)},
+        cc          => [qw( c h xs )],
+        cfmx        => [qw( cfc cfm cfml )],
+        cpp         => [qw( cpp cc cxx m hpp hh h hxx )],
+        csharp      => [qw( cs )],
+        css         => [qw( css )],
+        elisp       => [qw( el )],
+        erlang      => [qw( erl hrl )],
+        fortran     => [qw( f f77 f90 f95 f03 for ftn fpp )],
+        haskell     => [qw( hs lhs )],
+        hh          => [qw( h )],
+        html        => [qw( htm html shtml xhtml )],
+        java        => [qw( java properties )],
+        js          => [qw( js )],
+        jsp         => [qw( jsp jspx jhtm jhtml )],
+        lisp        => [qw( lisp lsp )],
+        lua         => [qw( lua )],
+        make        => q{Makefiles},
+        mason       => [qw( mas mhtml mpl mtxt )],
+        objc        => [qw( m h )],
+        objcpp      => [qw( mm h )],
+        ocaml       => [qw( ml mli )],
+        parrot      => [qw( pir pasm pmc ops pod pg tg )],
+        perl        => [qw( pl pm pod t )],
+        php         => [qw( php phpt php3 php4 php5 )],
+        plone       => [qw( pt cpt metadata cpy py )],
+        python      => [qw( py )],
+        rake        => q{Rakefiles},
+        ruby        => [qw( rb rhtml rjs rxml erb rake )],
+        scheme      => [qw( scm ss )],
+        shell       => [qw( sh bash csh tcsh ksh zsh )],
+        skipped     => q{Files, but not directories, normally skipped by ack (default: off)},
+        smalltalk   => [qw( st )],
+        sql         => [qw( sql ctl )],
+        tcl         => [qw( tcl itcl itk )],
+        tex         => [qw( tex cls sty )],
+        text        => q{Text files, as defined by Perl's -T op (default: off)},
+        tt          => [qw( tt tt2 ttml )],
+        vb          => [qw( bas cls frm ctl vb resx )],
+        vim         => [qw( vim )],
+        yaml        => [qw( yaml yml )],
+        xml         => [qw( xml dtd xslt ent )],
+    );
+
+    while ( my ($type,$exts) = each %mappings ) {
+        if ( ref $exts ) {
+            for my $ext ( @{$exts} ) {
+                push( @{$types{$ext}}, $type );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    # These have to be checked before any filehandle diddling.
+    $output_to_pipe  = not -t *STDOUT;
+    $input_from_pipe = -p STDIN;
+
+    $is_cygwin       = ($^O eq 'cygwin');
+    $is_windows      = ($^O =~ /MSWin32/);
+    $dir_sep_chars   = $is_windows ? quotemeta( '\\/' ) : quotemeta( File::Spec->catfile( '', '' ) );
+}
+
+
+sub read_ackrc {
+    my @files = ( $ENV{ACKRC} );
+    my @dirs =
+        $is_windows
+            ? ( $ENV{HOME}, $ENV{USERPROFILE} )
+            : ( '~', $ENV{HOME} );
+    for my $dir ( grep { defined } @dirs ) {
+        for my $file ( '.ackrc', '_ackrc' ) {
+            push( @files, bsd_glob( "$dir/$file", GLOB_TILDE ) );
+        }
+    }
+    for my $filename ( @files ) {
+        if ( defined $filename && -e $filename ) {
+            open( my $fh, '<', $filename ) or App::Ack::die( "$filename: $!\n" );
+            my @lines = grep { /./ && !/^\s*#/ } <$fh>;
+            chomp @lines;
+            close $fh or App::Ack::die( "$filename: $!\n" );
+
+            return @lines;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+
+sub get_command_line_options {
+    my %opt = (
+        pager => $ENV{ACK_PAGER_COLOR} || $ENV{ACK_PAGER},
+    );
+
+    my $getopt_specs = {
+        1                       => sub { $opt{1} = $opt{m} = 1 },
+        'A|after-context=i'     => \$opt{after_context},
+        'B|before-context=i'    => \$opt{before_context},
+        'C|context:i'           => sub { shift; my $val = shift; $opt{before_context} = $opt{after_context} = ($val || 2) },
+        'a|all-types'           => \$opt{all},
+        'break!'                => \$opt{break},
+        c                       => \$opt{count},
+        'color|colour!'         => \$opt{color},
+        'color-match=s'         => \$ENV{ACK_COLOR_MATCH},
+        'color-filename=s'      => \$ENV{ACK_COLOR_FILENAME},
+        'column!'               => \$opt{column},
+        count                   => \$opt{count},
+        'env!'                  => sub { }, # ignore this option, it is handled beforehand
+        f                       => \$opt{f},
+        flush                   => \$opt{flush},
+        'follow!'               => \$opt{follow},
+        'g=s'                   => sub { shift; $opt{G} = shift; $opt{f} = 1 },
+        'G=s'                   => \$opt{G},
+        'group!'                => sub { shift; $opt{heading} = $opt{break} = shift },
+        'heading!'              => \$opt{heading},
+        'h|no-filename'         => \$opt{h},
+        'H|with-filename'       => \$opt{H},
+        'i|ignore-case'         => \$opt{i},
+        'lines=s'               => sub { shift; my $val = shift; push @{$opt{lines}}, $val },
+        'l|files-with-matches'  => \$opt{l},
+        'L|files-without-matches' => sub { $opt{l} = $opt{v} = 1 },
+        'm|max-count=i'         => \$opt{m},
+        'match=s'               => \$opt{regex},
+        'n|no-recurse'          => \$opt{n},
+        o                       => sub { $opt{output} = '$&' },
+        'output=s'              => \$opt{output},
+        'pager=s'               => \$opt{pager},
+        'nopager'               => sub { $opt{pager} = undef },
+        'passthru'              => \$opt{passthru},
+        'print0'                => \$opt{print0},
+        'Q|literal'             => \$opt{Q},
+        'r|R|recurse'           => sub {},
+        'smart-case!'           => \$opt{smart_case},
+        'sort-files'            => \$opt{sort_files},
+        'u|unrestricted'        => \$opt{u},
+        'v|invert-match'        => \$opt{v},
+        'w|word-regexp'         => \$opt{w},
+
+        'ignore-dirs=s'         => sub { shift; my $dir = remove_dir_sep( shift ); $ignore_dirs{$dir} = '--ignore-dirs' },
+        'noignore-dirs=s'       => sub { shift; my $dir = remove_dir_sep( shift ); delete $ignore_dirs{$dir} },
+
+        'version'   => sub { print_version_statement(); exit 1; },
+        'help|?:s'  => sub { shift; show_help(@_); exit; },
+        'help-types'=> sub { show_help_types(); exit; },
+        'man'       => sub { require Pod::Usage; Pod::Usage::pod2usage({-verbose => 2}); exit; },
+
+        'type=s'    => sub {
+            # Whatever --type=xxx they specify, set it manually in the hash
+            my $dummy = shift;
+            my $type = shift;
+            my $wanted = ($type =~ s/^no//) ? 0 : 1; # must not be undef later
+
+            if ( exists $type_wanted{ $type } ) {
+                $type_wanted{ $type } = $wanted;
+            }
+            else {
+                App::Ack::die( qq{Unknown --type "$type"} );
+            }
+        }, # type sub
+    };
+
+    # Stick any default switches at the beginning, so they can be overridden
+    # by the command line switches.
+    unshift @ARGV, split( ' ', $ENV{ACK_OPTIONS} ) if defined $ENV{ACK_OPTIONS};
+
+    # first pass through options, looking for type definitions
+    def_types_from_ARGV();
+
+    for my $i ( filetypes_supported() ) {
+        $getopt_specs->{ "$i!" } = \$type_wanted{ $i };
+    }
+
+
+    my $parser = Getopt::Long::Parser->new();
+    $parser->configure( 'bundling', 'no_ignore_case', );
+    $parser->getoptions( %{$getopt_specs} ) or
+        App::Ack::die( 'See ack --help or ack --man for options.' );
+
+    my $to_screen = not output_to_pipe();
+    my %defaults = (
+        all            => 0,
+        color          => $to_screen,
+        follow         => 0,
+        break          => $to_screen,
+        heading        => $to_screen,
+        before_context => 0,
+        after_context  => 0,
+    );
+    if ( $is_windows && $defaults{color} && not $ENV{ACK_PAGER_COLOR} ) {
+        if ( $ENV{ACK_PAGER} || not eval { require Win32::Console::ANSI } ) {
+            $defaults{color} = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    if ( $to_screen && $ENV{ACK_PAGER_COLOR} ) {
+        $defaults{color} = 1;
+    }
+
+    while ( my ($key,$value) = each %defaults ) {
+        if ( not defined $opt{$key} ) {
+            $opt{$key} = $value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ( defined $opt{m} && $opt{m} <= 0 ) {
+        App::Ack::die( '-m must be greater than zero' );
+    }
+
+    for ( qw( before_context after_context ) ) {
+        if ( defined $opt{$_} && $opt{$_} < 0 ) {
+            App::Ack::die( "--$_ may not be negative" );
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ( defined( my $val = $opt{output} ) ) {
+        $opt{output} = eval qq[ sub { "$val" } ];
+    }
+    if ( defined( my $l = $opt{lines} ) ) {
+        # --line=1 --line=5 is equivalent to --line=1,5
+        my @lines = split( /,/, join( ',', @{$l} ) );
+
+        # --line=1-3 is equivalent to --line=1,2,3
+        @lines = map {
+            my @ret;
+            if ( /-/ ) {
+                my ($from, $to) = split /-/, $_;
+                if ( $from > $to ) {
+                    App::Ack::warn( "ignoring --line=$from-$to" );
+                    @ret = ();
+                }
+                else {
+                    @ret = ( $from .. $to );
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                @ret = ( $_ );
+            };
+            @ret
+        } @lines;
+
+        if ( @lines ) {
+            my %uniq;
+            @uniq{ @lines } = ();
+            $opt{lines} = [ sort { $a <=> $b } keys %uniq ];   # numerical sort and each line occurs only once!
+        }
+        else {
+            # happens if there are only ignored --line directives
+            App::Ack::die( 'All --line options are invalid.' );
+        }
+    }
+
+    return \%opt;
+}
+
+
+sub def_types_from_ARGV {
+    my @typedef;
+
+    my $parser = Getopt::Long::Parser->new();
+        # pass_through   => leave unrecognized command line arguments alone
+        # no_auto_abbrev => otherwise -c is expanded and not left alone
+    $parser->configure( 'no_ignore_case', 'pass_through', 'no_auto_abbrev' );
+    $parser->getoptions(
+        'type-set=s' => sub { shift; push @typedef, ['c', shift] },
+        'type-add=s' => sub { shift; push @typedef, ['a', shift] },
+    ) or App::Ack::die( 'See ack --help or ack --man for options.' );
+
+    for my $td (@typedef) {
+        my ($type, $ext) = split /=/, $td->[1];
+
+        if ( $td->[0] eq 'c' ) {
+            # type-set
+            if ( exists $mappings{$type} ) {
+                # can't redefine types 'make', 'skipped', 'text' and 'binary'
+                App::Ack::die( qq{--type-set: Builtin type "$type" cannot be changed.} )
+                    if ref $mappings{$type} ne 'ARRAY';
+
+                delete_type($type);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            # type-add
+
+            # can't append to types 'make', 'skipped', 'text' and 'binary'
+            App::Ack::die( qq{--type-add: Builtin type "$type" cannot be changed.} )
+                if exists $mappings{$type} && ref $mappings{$type} ne 'ARRAY';
+
+            App::Ack::warn( qq{--type-add: Type "$type" does not exist, creating with "$ext" ...} )
+                unless exists $mappings{$type};
+        }
+
+        my @exts = split /,/, $ext;
+        s/^\.// for @exts;
+
+        if ( !exists $mappings{$type} || ref($mappings{$type}) eq 'ARRAY' ) {
+            push @{$mappings{$type}}, @exts;
+            for my $e ( @exts ) {
+                push @{$types{$e}}, $type;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            App::Ack::die( qq{Cannot append to type "$type".} );
+        }
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+
+sub delete_type {
+    my $type = shift;
+
+    App::Ack::die( qq{Internal error: Cannot delete builtin type "$type".} )
+        unless ref $mappings{$type} eq 'ARRAY';
+
+    delete $mappings{$type};
+    delete $type_wanted{$type};
+    for my $ext ( keys %types ) {
+        $types{$ext} = [ grep { $_ ne $type } @{$types{$ext}} ];
+    }
+}
+
+
+sub ignoredir_filter {
+    return !exists $ignore_dirs{$_};
+}
+
+
+sub remove_dir_sep {
+    my $path = shift;
+    $path =~ s/[$dir_sep_chars]$//;
+
+    return $path;
+}
+
+
+use constant TEXT => 'text';
+
+sub filetypes {
+    my $filename = shift;
+
+    return 'skipped' unless is_searchable( $filename );
+
+    my $basename = $filename;
+    $basename =~ s{.*[$dir_sep_chars]}{};
+
+    my $lc_basename = lc $basename;
+    return ('make',TEXT)        if $lc_basename eq 'makefile';
+    return ('rake','ruby',TEXT) if $lc_basename eq 'rakefile';
+
+    # If there's an extension, look it up
+    if ( $filename =~ m{\.([^\.$dir_sep_chars]+)$}o ) {
+        my $ref = $types{lc $1};
+        return (@{$ref},TEXT) if $ref;
+    }
+
+    # At this point, we can't tell from just the name.  Now we have to
+    # open it and look inside.
+
+    return unless -e $filename;
+    # From Elliot Shank:
+    #     I can't see any reason that -r would fail on these-- the ACLs look
+    #     fine, and no program has any of them open, so the busted Windows
+    #     file locking model isn't getting in there.  If I comment the if
+    #     statement out, everything works fine
+    # So, for cygwin, don't bother trying to check for readability.
+    if ( !$is_cygwin ) {
+        if ( !-r $filename ) {
+            App::Ack::warn( "$filename: Permission denied" );
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 'binary' if -B $filename;
+
+    # If there's no extension, or we don't recognize it, check the shebang line
+    my $fh;
+    if ( !open( $fh, '<', $filename ) ) {
+        App::Ack::warn( "$filename: $!" );
+        return;
+    }
+    my $header = <$fh>;
+    close $fh;
+
+    if ( $header =~ /^#!/ ) {
+        return ($1,TEXT)       if $header =~ /\b(ruby|p(?:erl|hp|ython))\b/;
+        return ('shell',TEXT)  if $header =~ /\b(?:ba|t?c|k|z)?sh\b/;
+    }
+    else {
+        return ('xml',TEXT)    if $header =~ /\Q<?xml /i;
+    }
+
+    return (TEXT);
+}
+
+
+sub is_searchable {
+    my $filename = shift;
+
+    # If these are updated, update the --help message
+    return if $filename =~ /[.]bak$/;
+    return if $filename =~ /~$/;
+    return if $filename =~ m{[$dir_sep_chars]?(?:#.+#|core\.\d+|[._].*\.swp)$}o;
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+sub build_regex {
+    my $str = shift;
+    my $opt = shift;
+
+    $str = quotemeta( $str ) if $opt->{Q};
+    if ( $opt->{w} ) {
+        $str = "\\b$str" if $str =~ /^\w/;
+        $str = "$str\\b" if $str =~ /\w$/;
+    }
+
+    my $regex_is_lc = $str eq lc $str;
+    if ( $opt->{i} || ($opt->{smart_case} && $regex_is_lc) ) {
+        $str = "(?i)$str";
+    }
+
+    return $str;
+}
+
+
+sub check_regex {
+    my $regex = shift;
+
+    return unless defined $regex;
+
+    eval { qr/$regex/ };
+    if ($@) {
+        (my $error = $@) =~ s/ at \S+ line \d+.*//;
+        chomp($error);
+        App::Ack::die( "Invalid regex '$regex':\n  $error" );
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+
+
+
+sub warn {
+    return CORE::warn( _my_program(), ': ', @_, "\n" );
+}
+
+
+sub die {
+    return CORE::die( _my_program(), ': ', @_, "\n" );
+}
+
+sub _my_program {
+    require File::Basename;
+    return File::Basename::basename( $0 );
+}
+
+
+
+sub filetypes_supported {
+    return keys %mappings;
+}
+
+sub _get_thpppt {
+    my $y = q{_   /|,\\'!.x',=(www)=,   U   };
+    $y =~ tr/,x!w/\nOo_/;
+    return $y;
+}
+
+sub _thpppt {
+    my $y = _get_thpppt();
+    App::Ack::print( "$y ack $_[0]!\n" );
+    exit 0;
+}
+
+sub _key {
+    my $str = lc shift;
+    $str =~ s/[^a-z]//g;
+
+    return $str;
+}
+
+
+sub show_help {
+    my $help_arg = shift || 0;
+
+    return show_help_types() if $help_arg =~ /^types?/;
+
+    my $ignore_dirs = _listify( sort { _key($a) cmp _key($b) } keys %ignore_dirs );
+
+    App::Ack::print( <<"END_OF_HELP" );
+Usage: ack [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]
+
+Search for PATTERN in each source file in the tree from cwd on down.
+If [FILES] is specified, then only those files/directories are checked.
+ack may also search STDIN, but only if no FILE are specified, or if
+one of FILES is "-".
+
+Default switches may be specified in ACK_OPTIONS environment variable or
+an .ackrc file. If you want no dependency on the environment, turn it
+off with --noenv.
+
+Example: ack -i select
+
+Searching:
+  -i, --ignore-case     Ignore case distinctions in PATTERN
+  --[no]smart-case      Ignore case distinctions in PATTERN,
+                        only if PATTERN contains no upper case
+                        Ignored if -i is specified
+  -v, --invert-match    Invert match: select non-matching lines
+  -w, --word-regexp     Force PATTERN to match only whole words
+  -Q, --literal         Quote all metacharacters; PATTERN is literal
+
+Search output:
+  --line=NUM            Only print line(s) NUM of each file
+  -l, --files-with-matches
+                        Only print filenames containing matches
+  -L, --files-without-matches
+                        Only print filenames with no matches
+  -o                    Show only the part of a line matching PATTERN
+                        (turns off text highlighting)
+  --passthru            Print all lines, whether matching or not
+  --output=expr         Output the evaluation of expr for each line
+                        (turns off text highlighting)
+  --match PATTERN       Specify PATTERN explicitly.
+  -m, --max-count=NUM   Stop searching in each file after NUM matches
+  -1                    Stop searching after one match of any kind
+  -H, --with-filename   Print the filename for each match
+  -h, --no-filename     Suppress the prefixing filename on output
+  -c, --count           Show number of lines matching per file
+  --column              Show the column number of the first match
+
+  -A NUM, --after-context=NUM
+                        Print NUM lines of trailing context after matching
+                        lines.
+  -B NUM, --before-context=NUM
+                        Print NUM lines of leading context before matching
+                        lines.
+  -C [NUM], --context[=NUM]
+                        Print NUM lines (default 2) of output context.
+
+  --print0              Print null byte as separator between filenames,
+                        only works with -f, -g, -l, -L or -c.
+
+File presentation:
+  --pager=COMMAND       Pipes all ack output through COMMAND.  For example,
+                        --pager="less -R".  Ignored if output is redirected.
+  --nopager             Do not send output through a pager.  Cancels any
+                        setting in ~/.ackrc, ACK_PAGER or ACK_PAGER_COLOR.
+  --[no]heading         Print a filename heading above each file's results.
+                        (default: on when used interactively)
+  --[no]break           Print a break between results from different files.
+                        (default: on when used interactively)
+  --group               Same as --heading --break
+  --nogroup             Same as --noheading --nobreak
+  --[no]color           Highlight the matching text (default: on unless
+                        output is redirected, or on Windows)
+  --[no]colour          Same as --[no]color
+  --color-filename=COLOR
+  --color-match=COLOR   Set the color for matches and filenames.
+  --flush               Flush output immediately, even when ack is used
+                        non-interactively (when output goes to a pipe or
+                        file).
+
+File finding:
+  -f                    Only print the files found, without searching.
+                        The PATTERN must not be specified.
+  -g REGEX              Same as -f, but only print files matching REGEX.
+  --sort-files          Sort the found files lexically.
+
+File inclusion/exclusion:
+  -a, --all-types       All file types searched;
+                        Ignores CVS, .svn and other ignored directories
+  -u, --unrestricted    All files and directories searched
+  --[no]ignore-dir=name Add/Remove directory from the list of ignored dirs
+  -r, -R, --recurse     Recurse into subdirectories (ack's default behavior)
+  -n, --no-recurse      No descending into subdirectories
+  -G REGEX              Only search files that match REGEX
+
+  --perl                Include only Perl files.
+  --type=perl           Include only Perl files.
+  --noperl              Exclude Perl files.
+  --type=noperl         Exclude Perl files.
+                        See "ack --help type" for supported filetypes.
+
+  --type-set TYPE=.EXTENSION[,.EXT2[,...]]
+                        Files with the given EXTENSION(s) are recognized as
+                        being of type TYPE. This replaces an existing
+                        definition for type TYPE.
+  --type-add TYPE=.EXTENSION[,.EXT2[,...]]
+                        Files with the given EXTENSION(s) are recognized as
+                        being of (the existing) type TYPE
+
+  --[no]follow          Follow symlinks.  Default is off.
+
+  Directories ignored by default:
+    $ignore_dirs
+
+  Files not checked for type:
+    /~\$/           - Unix backup files
+    /#.+#\$/        - Emacs swap files
+    /[._].*\\.swp\$/ - Vi(m) swap files
+    /core\\.\\d+\$/   - core dumps
+
+Miscellaneous:
+  --noenv               Ignore environment variables and ~/.ackrc
+  --help                This help
+  --man                 Man page
+  --version             Display version & copyright
+  --thpppt              Bill the Cat
+
+Exit status is 0 if match, 1 if no match.
+
+This is version $VERSION of ack.
+END_OF_HELP
+
+    return;
+ }
+
+
+
+sub show_help_types {
+    App::Ack::print( <<'END_OF_HELP' );
+Usage: ack [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILES]
+
+The following is the list of filetypes supported by ack.  You can
+specify a file type with the --type=TYPE format, or the --TYPE
+format.  For example, both --type=perl and --perl work.
+
+Note that some extensions may appear in multiple types.  For example,
+.pod files are both Perl and Parrot.
+
+END_OF_HELP
+
+    my @types = filetypes_supported();
+    my $maxlen = 0;
+    for ( @types ) {
+        $maxlen = length if $maxlen < length;
+    }
+    for my $type ( sort @types ) {
+        next if $type =~ /^-/; # Stuff to not show
+        my $ext_list = $mappings{$type};
+
+        if ( ref $ext_list ) {
+            $ext_list = join( ' ', map { ".$_" } @{$ext_list} );
+        }
+        App::Ack::print( sprintf( "    --[no]%-*.*s %s\n", $maxlen, $maxlen, $type, $ext_list ) );
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+sub _listify {
+    my @whats = @_;
+
+    return '' if !@whats;
+
+    my $end = pop @whats;
+    my $str = @whats ? join( ', ', @whats ) . " and $end" : $end;
+
+    no warnings 'once';
+    require Text::Wrap;
+    $Text::Wrap::columns = 75;
+    return Text::Wrap::wrap( '', '    ', $str );
+}
+
+
+sub get_version_statement {
+    require Config;
+
+    my $copyright = get_copyright();
+    my $this_perl = $Config::Config{perlpath};
+    if ($^O ne 'VMS') {
+        my $ext = $Config::Config{_exe};
+        $this_perl .= $ext unless $this_perl =~ m/$ext$/i;
+    }
+    my $ver = sprintf( '%vd', $^V );
+
+    return <<"END_OF_VERSION";
+ack $VERSION
+Running under Perl $ver at $this_perl
+
+$copyright
+
+This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of either: the GNU General Public License as
+published by the Free Software Foundation; or the Artistic License.
+END_OF_VERSION
+}
+
+
+sub print_version_statement {
+    App::Ack::print( get_version_statement() );
+
+    return;
+}
+
+
+sub get_copyright {
+    return $COPYRIGHT;
+}
+
+
+sub load_colors {
+    eval 'use Term::ANSIColor ()';
+
+    $ENV{ACK_COLOR_MATCH}    ||= 'black on_yellow';
+    $ENV{ACK_COLOR_FILENAME} ||= 'bold green';
+
+    return;
+}
+
+
+sub is_interesting {
+    return if /^\./;
+
+    my $include;
+
+    for my $type ( filetypes( $File::Next::name ) ) {
+        if ( defined $type_wanted{$type} ) {
+            if ( $type_wanted{$type} ) {
+                $include = 1;
+            }
+            else {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return $include;
+}
+
+
+
+# print subs added in order to make it easy for a third party
+# module (such as App::Wack) to redefine the display methods
+# and show the results in a different way.
+sub print                   { print {$fh} @_ }
+sub print_first_filename    { App::Ack::print( $_[0], "\n" ) }
+sub print_blank_line        { App::Ack::print( "\n" ) }
+sub print_separator         { App::Ack::print( "--\n" ) }
+sub print_filename          { App::Ack::print( $_[0], $_[1] ) }
+sub print_line_no           { App::Ack::print( $_[0], $_[1] ) }
+sub print_column_no         { App::Ack::print( $_[0], $_[1] ) }
+sub print_count {
+    my $filename = shift;
+    my $nmatches = shift;
+    my $ors = shift;
+    my $count = shift;
+
+    App::Ack::print( $filename );
+    App::Ack::print( ':', $nmatches ) if $count;
+    App::Ack::print( $ors );
+}
+
+sub print_count0 {
+    my $filename = shift;
+    my $ors = shift;
+
+    App::Ack::print( $filename, ':0', $ors );
+}
+
+
+
+{
+    my $filename;
+    my $regex;
+    my $display_filename;
+
+    my $keep_context;
+
+    my $last_output_line;             # number of the last line that has been output
+    my $any_output;                   # has there been any output for the current file yet
+    my $context_overall_output_count; # has there been any output at all
+
+sub search_resource {
+    my $res = shift;
+    my $opt = shift;
+
+    $filename = $res->name();
+
+    my $v = $opt->{v};
+    my $passthru = $opt->{passthru};
+    my $max = $opt->{m};
+    my $nmatches = 0;
+
+    $display_filename = undef;
+
+    # for --line processing
+    my $has_lines = 0;
+    my @lines;
+    if ( defined $opt->{lines} ) {
+        $has_lines = 1;
+        @lines = ( @{$opt->{lines}}, -1 );
+        undef $regex; # Don't match when printing matching line
+    }
+    else {
+        $regex = qr/$opt->{regex}/;
+    }
+
+    # for context processing
+    $last_output_line = -1;
+    $any_output = 0;
+    my $before_context = $opt->{before_context};
+    my $after_context  = $opt->{after_context};
+
+    $keep_context = ($before_context || $after_context) && !$passthru;
+
+    my @before;
+    my $before_starts_at_line;
+    my $after = 0; # number of lines still to print after a match
+
+    while ( $res->next_text ) {
+        # XXX Optimize away the case when there are no more @lines to find.
+        # XXX $has_lines, $passthru and $v never change.  Optimize.
+        if ( $has_lines
+               ? $. != $lines[0]  # $lines[0] should be a scalar
+               : $v ? m/$regex/ : !m/$regex/ ) {
+            if ( $passthru ) {
+                App::Ack::print( $_ );
+                next;
+            }
+
+            if ( $keep_context ) {
+                if ( $after ) {
+                    print_match_or_context( $opt, 0, $., $-[0], $+[0], $_ );
+                    $after--;
+                }
+                elsif ( $before_context ) {
+                    if ( @before ) {
+                        if ( @before >= $before_context ) {
+                            shift @before;
+                            ++$before_starts_at_line;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        $before_starts_at_line = $.;
+                    }
+                    push @before, $_;
+                }
+                last if $max && ( $nmatches >= $max ) && !$after;
+            }
+            next;
+        } # not a match
+
+        ++$nmatches;
+
+        # print an empty line as a divider before first line in each file (not before the first file)
+        if ( !$any_output && $opt->{show_filename} && $opt->{break} && defined( $context_overall_output_count ) ) {
+            App::Ack::print_blank_line();
+        }
+
+        shift @lines if $has_lines;
+
+        if ( $res->is_binary ) {
+            App::Ack::print( "Binary file $filename matches\n" );
+            last;
+        }
+        if ( $keep_context ) {
+            if ( @before ) {
+                print_match_or_context( $opt, 0, $before_starts_at_line, $-[0], $+[0], @before );
+                @before = ();
+                $before_starts_at_line = 0;
+            }
+            if ( $max && $nmatches > $max ) {
+                --$after;
+            }
+            else {
+                $after = $after_context;
+            }
+        }
+        print_match_or_context( $opt, 1, $., $-[0], $+[0], $_ );
+
+        last if $max && ( $nmatches >= $max ) && !$after;
+    } # while
+
+    return $nmatches;
+}   # search_resource()
+
+
+
+sub print_match_or_context {
+    my $opt         = shift; # opts array
+    my $is_match    = shift; # is there a match on the line?
+    my $line_no     = shift;
+    my $match_start = shift;
+    my $match_end   = shift;
+
+    my $color         = $opt->{color};
+    my $heading       = $opt->{heading};
+    my $show_filename = $opt->{show_filename};
+    my $show_column   = $opt->{column};
+
+    if ( $show_filename ) {
+        if ( not defined $display_filename ) {
+            $display_filename =
+                $color
+                    ? Term::ANSIColor::colored( $filename, $ENV{ACK_COLOR_FILENAME} )
+                    : $filename;
+            if ( $heading && !$any_output ) {
+                App::Ack::print_first_filename($display_filename);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    my $sep = $is_match ? ':' : '-';
+    my $output_func = $opt->{output};
+    for ( @_ ) {
+        if ( $keep_context && !$output_func ) {
+            if ( ( $last_output_line != $line_no - 1 ) &&
+                ( $any_output || ( !$heading && defined( $context_overall_output_count ) ) ) ) {
+                App::Ack::print_separator();
+            }
+            # to ensure separators between different files when --noheading
+
+            $last_output_line = $line_no;
+        }
+
+        if ( $show_filename ) {
+            App::Ack::print_filename($display_filename, $sep) if not $heading;
+            App::Ack::print_line_no($line_no, $sep);
+        }
+
+        if ( $output_func ) {
+            while ( /$regex/go ) {
+                App::Ack::print( $output_func->() . "\n" );
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            if ( $color && $is_match && $regex &&
+                 s/$regex/Term::ANSIColor::colored( substr($_, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0]), $ENV{ACK_COLOR_MATCH} )/eg ) {
+                # At the end of the line reset the color and remove newline
+                s/[\r\n]*\z/\e[0m\e[K/;
+            }
+            else {
+                # remove any kind of newline at the end of the line
+                s/[\r\n]*\z//;
+            }
+            if ( $show_column ) {
+                App::Ack::print_column_no( $match_start+1, $sep );
+            }
+            App::Ack::print($_ . "\n");
+        }
+        $any_output = 1;
+        ++$context_overall_output_count;
+        ++$line_no;
+    }
+
+    return;
+} # print_match_or_context()
+
+} # scope around search_resource() and print_match_or_context()
+
+
+
+sub search_and_list {
+    my $res = shift;
+    my $opt = shift;
+
+    my $nmatches = 0;
+    my $count = $opt->{count};
+    my $ors = $opt->{print0} ? "\0" : "\n"; # output record separator
+
+    my $regex = qr/$opt->{regex}/;
+
+    if ( $opt->{v} ) {
+        while ( $res->next_text ) {
+            if ( /$regex/ ) {
+                return 0 unless $count;
+            }
+            else {
+                ++$nmatches;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        while ( $res->next_text ) {
+            if ( /$regex/ ) {
+                ++$nmatches;
+                last unless $count;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ( $nmatches ) {
+        App::Ack::print_count( $res->name, $nmatches, $ors, $count );
+    }
+    elsif ( $count && !$opt->{l} ) {
+        App::Ack::print_count0( $res->name, $ors );
+    }
+
+    return $nmatches ? 1 : 0;
+}   # search_and_list()
+
+
+
+sub filetypes_supported_set {
+    return grep { defined $type_wanted{$_} && ($type_wanted{$_} == 1) } filetypes_supported();
+}
+
+
+
+sub print_files {
+    my $iter = shift;
+    my $opt = shift;
+
+    my $ors = $opt->{print0} ? "\0" : "\n";
+
+    while ( defined ( my $file = $iter->() ) ) {
+        App::Ack::print $file, $ors;
+        last if $opt->{1};
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+
+sub print_files_with_matches {
+    my $iter = shift;
+    my $opt = shift;
+
+    my $nmatches = 0;
+    while ( defined ( my $filename = $iter->() ) ) {
+        my $repo = App::Ack::Repository::Basic->new( $filename );
+        my $res;
+        while ( $res = $repo->next_resource() ) {
+            $nmatches += search_and_list( $res, $opt );
+            $res->close();
+            last if $nmatches && $opt->{1};
+        }
+        $repo->close();
+    }
+
+    return $nmatches;
+}
+
+
+sub print_matches {
+    my $iter = shift;
+    my $opt = shift;
+
+    $opt->{show_filename} = 0 if $opt->{h};
+    $opt->{show_filename} = 1 if $opt->{H};
+
+    my $nmatches = 0;
+    while ( defined ( my $filename = $iter->() ) ) {
+        my $repo;
+        my $tarballs_work = 0;
+        if ( $tarballs_work && $filename =~ /\.tar\.gz$/ ) {
+            App::Ack::die( 'Not working here yet' );
+            require App::Ack::Repository::Tar; # XXX Error checking
+            $repo = App::Ack::Repository::Tar->new( $filename );
+        }
+        else {
+            $repo = App::Ack::Repository::Basic->new( $filename );
+        }
+        $repo or next;
+
+        while ( my $res = $repo->next_resource() ) {
+            my $needs_line_scan;
+            if ( $opt->{regex} && !$opt->{passthru} ) {
+                $needs_line_scan = $res->needs_line_scan( $opt );
+                if ( $needs_line_scan ) {
+                    $res->reset();
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                $needs_line_scan = 1;
+            }
+            if ( $needs_line_scan ) {
+                $nmatches += search_resource( $res, $opt );
+            }
+            $res->close();
+        }
+        last if $nmatches && $opt->{1};
+        $repo->close();
+    }
+    return  $nmatches;
+}
+
+
+sub filetype_setup {
+    my $filetypes_supported_set = filetypes_supported_set();
+    # If anyone says --no-whatever, we assume all other types must be on.
+    if ( !$filetypes_supported_set ) {
+        for my $i ( keys %type_wanted ) {
+            $type_wanted{$i} = 1 unless ( defined( $type_wanted{$i} ) || $i eq 'binary' || $i eq 'text' || $i eq 'skipped' );
+        }
+    }
+    return;
+}
+
+
+EXPAND_FILENAMES_SCOPE: {
+    my $filter;
+
+    sub expand_filenames {
+        my $argv = shift;
+
+        my $attr;
+        my @files;
+
+        foreach my $pattern ( @{$argv} ) {
+            my @results = bsd_glob( $pattern );
+
+            if (@results == 0) {
+                @results = $pattern; # Glob didn't match, pass it thru unchanged
+            }
+            elsif ( (@results > 1) or ($results[0] ne $pattern) ) {
+                if (not defined $filter) {
+                    eval 'require Win32::File;';
+                    if ($@) {
+                        $filter = 0;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        $filter = Win32::File::HIDDEN()|Win32::File::SYSTEM();
+                    }
+                } # end unless we've tried to load Win32::File
+                if ( $filter ) {
+                    # Filter out hidden and system files:
+                    @results = grep { not(Win32::File::GetAttributes($_, $attr) and $attr & $filter) } @results;
+                    App::Ack::warn( "$pattern: Matched only hidden files" ) unless @results;
+                } # end if we can filter by file attributes
+            } # end elsif this pattern got expanded
+
+            push @files, @results;
+        } # end foreach pattern
+
+        return \@files;
+    } # end expand_filenames
+} # EXPAND_FILENAMES_SCOPE
+
+
+
+sub get_starting_points {
+    my $argv = shift;
+    my $opt = shift;
+
+    my @what;
+
+    if ( @{$argv} ) {
+        @what = @{ $is_windows ? expand_filenames($argv) : $argv };
+        $_ = File::Next::reslash( $_ ) for @what;
+
+        # Show filenames unless we've specified one single file
+        $opt->{show_filename} = (@what > 1) || (!-f $what[0]);
+    }
+    else {
+        @what = '.'; # Assume current directory
+        $opt->{show_filename} = 1;
+    }
+
+    for my $start_point (@what) {
+        App::Ack::warn( "$start_point: No such file or directory" ) unless -e $start_point;
+    }
+    return \@what;
+}
+
+
+
+sub get_iterator {
+    my $what = shift;
+    my $opt  = shift;
+
+    # Starting points are always searched, no matter what
+    my %starting_point = map { ($_ => 1) } @{$what};
+
+    my $g_regex = defined $opt->{G} ? qr/$opt->{G}/ : undef;
+    my $file_filter;
+
+    if ( $g_regex ) {
+        $file_filter
+            = $opt->{u}   ? sub { $File::Next::name =~ /$g_regex/ } # XXX Maybe this should be a 1, no?
+            : $opt->{all} ? sub { $starting_point{ $File::Next::name } || ( $File::Next::name =~ /$g_regex/ && is_searchable( $File::Next::name ) ) }
+            :               sub { $starting_point{ $File::Next::name } || ( $File::Next::name =~ /$g_regex/ && is_interesting( @_ ) ) }
+            ;
+    }
+    else {
+        $file_filter
+            = $opt->{u}   ? sub {1}
+            : $opt->{all} ? sub { $starting_point{ $File::Next::name } || is_searchable( $File::Next::name ) }
+            :               sub { $starting_point{ $File::Next::name } || is_interesting( @_ ) }
+            ;
+    }
+
+    my $descend_filter
+        = $opt->{n} ? sub {0}
+        : $opt->{u} ? sub {1}
+        : \&ignoredir_filter;
+
+    my $iter =
+        File::Next::files( {
+            file_filter     => $file_filter,
+            descend_filter  => $descend_filter,
+            error_handler   => sub { my $msg = shift; App::Ack::warn( $msg ) },
+            sort_files      => $opt->{sort_files},
+            follow_symlinks => $opt->{follow},
+        }, @{$what} );
+    return $iter;
+}
+
+
+sub set_up_pager {
+    my $command = shift;
+
+    return unless App::Ack::output_to_pipe();
+
+    my $pager;
+    if ( not open( $pager, '|-', $command ) ) {
+        App::Ack::die( qq{Unable to pipe to pager "$command": $!} );
+    }
+    $fh = $pager;
+
+    return;
+}
+
+
+sub input_from_pipe {
+    return $input_from_pipe;
+}
+
+
+
+sub output_to_pipe {
+    return $output_to_pipe;
+}
+
+
+
+1; # End of App::Ack
+package App::Ack::Repository;
+
+
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+
+sub FAIL {
+    require Carp;
+    Carp::confess( 'Must be overloaded' );
+}
+
+
+sub new {
+    FAIL();
+}
+
+
+sub next_resource {
+    FAIL();
+}
+
+
+sub close {
+    FAIL();
+}
+
+1;
+package App::Ack::Resource;
+
+
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+
+sub FAIL {
+    require Carp;
+    Carp::confess( 'Must be overloaded' );
+}
+
+
+sub new {
+    FAIL();
+}
+
+
+sub name {
+    FAIL();
+}
+
+
+sub is_binary {
+    FAIL();
+}
+
+
+
+sub needs_line_scan {
+    FAIL();
+}
+
+
+sub reset {
+    FAIL();
+}
+
+
+sub next_text {
+    FAIL();
+}
+
+
+sub close {
+    FAIL();
+}
+
+1;
+package App::Ack::Plugin::Basic;
+
+
+
+package App::Ack::Resource::Basic;
+
+
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+
+
+our @ISA = qw( App::Ack::Resource );
+
+
+sub new {
+    my $class    = shift;
+    my $filename = shift;
+
+    my $self = bless {
+        filename        => $filename,
+        fh              => undef,
+        could_be_binary => undef,
+        opened          => undef,
+        id              => undef,
+    }, $class;
+
+    if ( $self->{filename} eq '-' ) {
+        $self->{fh} = *STDIN;
+        $self->{could_be_binary} = 0;
+    }
+    else {
+        if ( !open( $self->{fh}, '<', $self->{filename} ) ) {
+            App::Ack::warn( "$self->{filename}: $!" );
+            return;
+        }
+        $self->{could_be_binary} = 1;
+    }
+
+    return $self;
+}
+
+
+sub name {
+    my $self = shift;
+
+    return $self->{filename};
+}
+
+
+sub is_binary {
+    my $self = shift;
+
+    if ( $self->{could_be_binary} ) {
+        return -B $self->{filename};
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+
+sub needs_line_scan {
+    my $self  = shift;
+    my $opt   = shift;
+
+    return 1 if $opt->{v};
+
+    my $size = -s $self->{fh};
+    if ( $size == 0 ) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    elsif ( $size > 100_000 ) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    my $buffer;
+    my $rc = sysread( $self->{fh}, $buffer, $size );
+    if ( not defined $rc ) {
+        App::Ack::warn( "$self->{filename}: $!" );
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0 unless $rc && ( $rc == $size );
+
+    my $regex = $opt->{regex};
+    return $buffer =~ /$regex/m;
+}
+
+
+sub reset {
+    my $self = shift;
+
+    seek( $self->{fh}, 0, 0 )
+        or App::Ack::warn( "$self->{filename}: $!" );
+
+    return;
+}
+
+
+sub next_text {
+    if ( defined ($_ = readline $_[0]->{fh}) ) {
+        $. = ++$_[0]->{line};
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+
+sub close {
+    my $self = shift;
+
+    if ( not close $self->{fh} ) {
+        App::Ack::warn( $self->name() . ": $!" );
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+package App::Ack::Repository::Basic;
+
+
+our @ISA = qw( App::Ack::Repository );
+
+
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+
+sub new {
+    my $class    = shift;
+    my $filename = shift;
+
+    my $self = bless {
+        filename => $filename,
+        nexted   => 0,
+    }, $class;
+
+    return $self;
+}
+
+
+sub next_resource {
+    my $self = shift;
+
+    return if $self->{nexted};
+    $self->{nexted} = 1;
+
+    return App::Ack::Resource::Basic->new( $self->{filename} );
+}
+
+
+sub close {
+}
+
+
+
+1;