path: root/docs/en/xml/installation.xml

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  <chapter id="installation" xreflabel="Bugzilla Installation">
    <title>Installation</title>
    <para>
      These installation instructions are presented assuming you are
      installing on a UNIX or completely POSIX-compliant system.  If
      you are installing on Microsoft Windows or another oddball
      operating system, please consult the appropriate sections in
      this installation guide for notes on how to be successful.
    </para>
    <section id="errata">
      <title>ERRATA</title>
    <para>Here are some miscellaneous notes about possible issues you
      main run into when you begin your Bugzilla installation.
      Reference platforms for Bugzilla installation are Redhat Linux
      7.2, Linux-Mandrake 8.0, and Solaris 8.</para>
  
    <simplelist>
      <member>
	If you are installing Bugzilla on S.u.S.e. Linux, or some
	other distributions with <quote>paranoid</quote> security
	options, it is possible that the checksetup.pl script may fail
	with the error: <errorname>cannot chdir(/var/spool/mqueue):
	  Permission denied</errorname> This is because your
	<filename>/var/spool/mqueue</filename> directory has a mode of
	<quote>drwx------</quote>.  Type <command>chmod 755
	  <filename>/var/spool/mqueue</filename></command> as root to
	fix this problem.
      </member>
      
      <member>
	Bugzilla may be installed on Macintosh OS X (10), which is a
	unix-based (BSD)  operating system. Everything required for
	Bugzilla on OS X will install cleanly, but the optional GD
	perl module which is used for bug charting requires some
	additional setup for installation. Please see the  Mac OS X
	installation section below for details
      </member>
      
      <member>
	Release Notes for Bugzilla &bz-ver; are available at
	<filename>docs/rel_notes.txt</filename> in your Bugzilla
	source distribution.
      </member>
      
      <member>
	  The preferred documentation for Bugzilla is available in
	docs/, with a variety of document types available.  Please
	refer to these documents when  installing, configuring, and
	maintaining your Bugzilla installation.
      </member>

    </simplelist>
    
    <warning>
      <para>
	Bugzilla is not a package where you can just plop it in a directory,
	twiddle a few things, and you're off.  Installing Bugzilla assumes you
	know your variant of UNIX or Microsoft Windows well, are familiar with the
	command line, and are comfortable compiling and installing a plethora
	of third-party utilities.  To install Bugzilla on Win32 requires
	fair Perl proficiency, and if you use a webserver other than Apache you
	should be intimately familiar with the security mechanisms and CGI
	environment thereof.
      </para>
    </warning>
    
    <warning>
      <para>
	Bugzilla has not undergone a complete security review. Security holes
	may exist in the code.  Great care should be taken both in the installation
	and usage of this software.  Carefully consider the implications of
	installing other network services with Bugzilla.
      </para>
    </warning>
  </section>
  
  <section id="stepbystep" xreflabel="Bugzilla Installation Step-by-step">
    <title>Step-by-step Install</title>
    <section>
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <para>
	Installation of bugzilla is pretty straightforward, particularly if your
	machine already has MySQL and the MySQL-related perl packages installed.
	If those aren't installed yet, then that's the first order of business.  The
	other necessary ingredient is a web server set up to run cgi scripts.
	While using Apache for your webserver is not required, it is recommended.
      </para>
      
      <para>
	Bugzilla has been successfully installed under Solaris, Linux,
	and Win32. The peculiarities of installing on Win32 (Microsoft
	Windows) are not included in this section of the Guide; please
	check out the <xref linkend="win32" /> for further advice
	on getting Bugzilla to work on Microsoft Windows.
      </para>
      
      <para>
	The Bugzilla Guide is contained in the "docs/" folder in your
	Bugzilla distribution.  It is available in plain text
	(docs/txt), HTML (docs/html), or SGML source (docs/sgml).
      </para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Installing the Prerequisites</title>
      <note>
	<para>If you want to skip these manual installation steps for
	  the CPAN dependencies listed below, and are running the very
	  most recent version of Perl and MySQL (both the executables
	  and development libraries) on your system, check out
	  Bundle::Bugzilla in <xref linkend="bundlebugzilla" /></para>
      </note>
      <para>
	The software packages necessary for the proper running of bugzilla are:
	<orderedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      MySQL database server and the mysql client (3.22.5 or greater)
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      Perl (5.004 or greater, 5.6.1 is recommended if you wish
	      to use Bundle::Bugzilla)
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      DBI Perl module
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      Data::Dumper Perl module
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      Bundle::Mysql Perl module collection
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      TimeDate Perl module collection
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      GD perl module (1.8.3) (optional, for bug charting)
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      Chart::Base Perl module (0.99c) (optional, for bug charting)
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      DB_File Perl module (optional, for bug charting)
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      The web server of your choice.  Apache is recommended.
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      MIME::Parser Perl module (optional, for contrib/bug_email.pl interface)
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	</orderedlist>

	<warning>
	  <para>
	    It is a good idea, while installing Bugzilla, to ensure it
	    is not <emphasis>accessible</emphasis> by other machines
	    on the Internet. Your machine may be vulnerable to attacks
	    while you are installing. In other words, ensure there is
	    some kind of firewall between you and the rest of the
	    Internet.  Many installation steps require an active
	    Internet connection to complete, but you must take care to
	    ensure that at no point is your machine vulnerable to an
	    attack.
	  </para>
	</warning>
	<note>
	  <para>Linux-Mandrake 8.0, the author's test system, includes
	    every required and optional library for Bugzilla.  The
	    easiest way to install them is by using the
	    <filename>urpmi</filename> utility.  If you follow these
	    commands, you should have everything you need for
	    Bugzilla, and <filename>checksetup.pl</filename> should
	    not complain about any missing libraries.  You may already
	    have some of these installed.</para>
	  <simplelist>
	    <member><prompt>bash#</prompt><command> urpmi
		perl-mysql</command></member>
	    <member><prompt>bash#</prompt><command> urpmi
		perl-chart</command></member>
	    <member><prompt>bash#</prompt><command> urpmi
		perl-gd</command></member>
	    <member><prompt>bash#</prompt><command> urpmi
		perl-MailTools</command> (for Bugzilla email
	      integration)</member>
	    <member><prompt>bash#</prompt><command> urpmi
		apache-modules</command></member>
	  </simplelist>
	</note>
	
      </para>
    </section>
    <section id="install-mysql">
      <title>Installing MySQL Database</title>
      <para>
	Visit MySQL homepage at <ulink
				       url="http://www.mysql.com">www.mysql.com</ulink> and grab the latest stable release of the server.  Many of the binary versions of MySQL store their data files in <filename>/var</filename> which is often part of a smaller root partition. If you decide to build from sources you can easily set the dataDir as an option to <filename>configure</filename>.
      </para>
      <para>
	If you install from source or non-package (RPM, deb, etc.)
	binaries you need to add
	<firstterm>mysqld</firstterm> to your
	init scripts so the server daemon will come back up whenever
	your machine reboots. Further discussion of UNIX init
	sequences are beyond the scope of this guide.
	<note>
	  <para>You should have your init script start
	    <glossterm>mysqld</glossterm> with the ability to accept
	    large packets. By default, <filename>mysqld</filename>
	    only accepts packets up to 64K long. This limits the size
	    of attachments you may put on bugs. If you add <option>-O
	    max_allowed_packet=1M</option> to the command that starts
	    <filename>mysqld</filename> (or
	    <filename>safe_mysqld</filename>), then you will be able
	    to have attachments up to about 1 megabyte.</para>
	</note>

      </para>
      <note>
	<para>
	  If you plan on running Bugzilla and MySQL on the same
	  machine, consider using the <option>--skip-networking</option>
	  option in the init script. This enhances security by
	  preventing network access to MySQL.
	</para>
      </note>
    </section>
    
    <section id="install-perl">
      <title>Perl (5.004 or greater)</title>
      <para>
	Any machine that doesn't have perl on it is a sad machine
	indeed.  Perl for *nix systems can be gotten in source form
	from http://www.perl.com.  Although Bugzilla runs with most
	post-5.004 versions of Perl, it's a good idea to be up to the
	very latest version if you can when running Bugzilla.  As of
	this writing, that is perl version &perl-ver;.
      </para>
      <para>
	Perl is now a far cry from the the single compiler/interpreter
	binary it once was.  It includes a great many required modules
	and quite a few other support files.  If you're not up to or
	not inclined to build perl from source, you'll want to install
	it on your machine using some sort of packaging system (be it
	RPM, deb, or what have you) to ensure a sane install. In the
	subsequent sections you'll be installing quite a few perl
	modules; this can be quite ornery if your perl installation
	isn't up to snuff.
      </para>
      <warning>
	<para>Many people complain that Perl modules will not install
	  for them.  Most times, the error messages complain that they
	  are missing a file in <quote>@INC</quote>.  Virtually every
	  time, this is due to permissions being set too restrictively
	  for you to compile Perl modules or not having the necessary
	  Perl development libraries installed on your system..
	  Consult your local UNIX systems administrator for help
	  solving these permissions issues; if you
	  <emphasis>are</emphasis> the local UNIX sysadmin, please
	  consult the newsgroup/mailing list for further assistance or
	  hire someone to help you out.
	</para>
      </warning>
      <tip id="bundlebugzilla" xreflabel="Using Bundle::Bugzilla instead of manually installing Perl modules">
	<para>
	  You can skip the following Perl module installation steps by
	  installing <productname>Bundle::Bugzilla</productname> from
	  <glossterm linkend="gloss-cpan">CPAN</glossterm>, which
	  includes them. All Perl module installation steps require
	  you have an active Internet connection.  If you wish to use
	  Bundle::Bugzilla, however, you must be using the latest
	  version of Perl (at this writing, version &perl-ver;)
	</para>
	<para>
	  <computeroutput> <prompt>bash#</prompt> <command>perl -MCPAN
	      -e 'install "Bundle::Bugzilla"'</command>
	  </computeroutput>
	</para>
	<para>
	  Bundle::Bugzilla doesn't include GD, Chart::Base, or
	  MIME::Parser, which are not essential to a basic Bugzilla
	  install.  If installing this bundle fails, you should
	  install each module individually to isolate the problem.
	</para>
      </tip>
    </section>
    
    <section>
      <title>DBI Perl Module</title>
      <para>
	The DBI module is a generic Perl module used by other database related
	Perl modules.  For our purposes it's required by the MySQL-related
	modules.  As long as your Perl installation was done correctly the
	DBI module should be a breeze.  It's a mixed Perl/C module, but Perl's
	MakeMaker system simplifies the C compilation greatly.
      </para>
      <para>
	Like almost all Perl modules DBI can be found on the Comprehensive Perl
	Archive Network (CPAN) at http://www.cpan.org.  The CPAN servers have a
	real tendency to bog down, so please use mirrors.  The current location
	at the time of this writing can be found in <xref linkend="downloadlinks" />.
      </para>
      <para>
	Quality, general Perl module installation instructions can be found on
	the CPAN website, but the easy thing to do is to just use the CPAN shell
	which does all the hard work for you.
      </para>
      <para>
	To use the CPAN shell to install DBI:
	<informalexample>
	  <para>
	    <computeroutput>
	      <prompt>bash#</prompt>
	      <command>perl -MCPAN -e 'install "DBI"'</command>
	    </computeroutput>
	    <note>
	      <para>Replace "DBI" with the name of whichever module you wish
		to install, such as Data::Dumper, TimeDate, GD, etc.</para>
	    </note>
	  </para>
	</informalexample>
	To do it the hard way:
	<informalexample>
	  <para>
	    Untar the module tarball -- it should create its own directory
	  </para>
	  <para>
	    CD to the directory just created, and enter the following commands:
	    <orderedlist>
	      <listitem>
		<para>
		  <computeroutput>
		    <prompt>bash#</prompt>
		    <command>perl Makefile.PL</command>
		  </computeroutput>
		</para>
	      </listitem>
	      <listitem>
		<para>
		  <computeroutput>
		    <prompt>bash#</prompt>
		    <command>make</command>
		  </computeroutput>
		</para>
	      </listitem>
	      <listitem>
		<para>
		  <computeroutput>
		    <prompt>bash#</prompt>
		    <command>make test</command>
		  </computeroutput>
		</para>
	      </listitem>
	      <listitem>
		<para>
		  <computeroutput>
		    <prompt>bash#</prompt>
		    <command>make install</command>
		  </computeroutput>
		</para>
	      </listitem>
	    </orderedlist>
	    If everything went ok that should be all it takes.  For the vast
	    majority of perl modules this is all that's required.
	  </para>
	</informalexample>
      </para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Data::Dumper Perl Module</title>
      <para>
	The Data::Dumper module provides data structure persistence for Perl
	(similar to Java's serialization).  It comes with later sub-releases of
	Perl 5.004, but a re-installation just to be sure it's available won't
	hurt anything.
      </para>
      <para>
	Data::Dumper is used by the MySQL-related Perl modules.  It
	can be found on CPAN (see <xref linkend="downloadlinks" />) and
	can be
	installed by following the same four step make sequence used
	for the DBI module.
      </para>
    </section>
    
    <section>
      <title>MySQL related Perl Module Collection</title>
      <para>
	The Perl/MySQL interface requires a few mutually-dependent perl
	modules.  These modules are grouped together into the the
	Msql-Mysql-modules package.  This package can be found at CPAN.
	After the archive file has been downloaded it should
	be untarred.
      </para>
      <para>
	The MySQL modules are all built using one make file which is generated
	by running:
	<prompt>bash#</prompt>
	<command>perl Makefile.pl</command>
      </para>
      <para>
	The MakeMaker process will ask you a few questions about the desired
	compilation target and your MySQL installation.  For many of the questions
	the provided default will be adequate.
      </para>
      <para>
	When asked if your desired target is the MySQL or mSQL packages,
	select the MySQL related ones.  Later you will be asked if you wish
	to provide backwards compatibility with the older MySQL packages; you
	  should answer YES to this question. The default is NO.
	</para>
	<para>
	  A host of 'localhost' should be fine and a testing user of 'test' and
	  a null password should find itself with sufficient access to run tests
	  on the 'test' database which MySQL created upon installation.  If 'make
	  test' and 'make install' go through without errors you should be ready
	  to go as far as database connectivity is concerned.
	</para>
      </section>

      <section>
	<title>TimeDate Perl Module Collection</title>
	<para>
	  Many of the more common date/time/calendar related Perl
	modules have been grouped into a bundle similar to the MySQL
	modules bundle. This bundle is stored on the CPAN under the
	name TimeDate (see link: <xref linkend="downloadlinks" />). The
	component module we're most interested in is the Date::Format
	module, but installing all of them is probably a good idea
	anyway.  The standard Perl module installation instructions
	should work perfectly for this simple package.
	</para>
      </section>
      <section>
	<title>GD Perl Module (1.8.3)</title>
	<para>
	  The GD library was written by Thomas Boutell a long while
	ago to programatically generate images in C.  Since then it's
	become the defacto standard for programatic image
	construction.  The Perl bindings to it found in the GD library
	are used on millions of web pages to generate graphs on the
	fly. That's what bugzilla will be using it for so you must
	install it if you want any of the graphing to work.
	</para>
	<para>
	  Actually bugzilla uses the Graph module which relies on GD
	itself.  Isn't that always the way with object-oriented
	programming?  At any rate, you can find the GD library on CPAN
	in <xref linkend="downloadlinks" />.  
	</para>
	<note>
	  <para>
	    The Perl GD library requires some other libraries that may
	  or may not be installed on your system, including
	  <classname>libpng</classname> and
	  <classname>libgd</classname>.  The full requirements are
	  listed in the Perl GD library README.  Just realize that if
	  compiling GD fails, it's probably because you're missing a
	  required library.
	  </para>
	</note>
      </section>

      <section>
	<title>Chart::Base Perl Module (0.99c)</title>
	<para>
	  The Chart module provides bugzilla with on-the-fly charting
	abilities.  It can be installed in the usual fashion after it
	has been fetched from CPAN where it is found as the
	Chart-x.x... tarball, linked in <xref linkend="downloadlinks" />. Note that
	as with the GD perl module, only the version listed above, or
	newer, will work. Earlier versions used GIF's, which are no
	longer supported by the latest versions of GD.
	</para>
      </section>

      <section>
	<title>DB_File Perl Module</title>
	<para>
	  DB_File is a module which allows Perl programs to make use
	of the facilities provided by  Berkeley DB version 1.x. This
	module is required by collectstats.pl which is used for  bug
	charting. If you plan to make use of bug charting, you must
	install this module.
	</para>
      </section>

      <section>
	<title>HTTP Server</title>
	<para>
	  You have a freedom of choice here - Apache, Netscape or any
	other server on UNIX would do.  You can easily run the web
	server on a different machine than MySQL, but need to adjust
	the MySQL <quote>bugs</quote> user permissions accordingly.
	<note>
	  <para>I strongly recommend Apache as the web server to use.
	    The Bugzilla Guide installation instructions, in general,
	    assume you are using Apache.  As more users use different
	    webservers and send me information on the peculiarities of
	    installing using their favorite webserver, I will provide
	    notes for them.</para>
	</note>
	</para>
	<para>
	  You'll want to make sure that your web server will run any
	file with the .cgi extension as a cgi and not just display it.
	If you're using apache that means uncommenting the following
	line in the srm.conf file:
	<programlisting>
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
	</programlisting>
	</para>
	<para>
	  With apache you'll also want to make sure that within the
	access.conf file the line:
 <programlisting>
Options ExecCGI
</programlisting>
	is in the stanza that covers the directories into which
	you intend to put the bugzilla .html and .cgi files.
	</para>
      <note>
	<para>
	  Users of newer versions of Apache will generally find both
	  of the above lines will be in the httpd.conf file, rather
	  than srm.conf or access.conf.
	</para>
      </note>
	<warning>
	  <para>
	    There are important files and directories that should not
	  be a served by the HTTP server. These are most files in the
	  <quote>data</quote> and <quote>shadow</quote>  directories
	  and the <quote>localconfig</quote> file. You should
	  configure your HTTP server to not serve content from these
	  files. Failure to do so will expose critical passwords and
	  other data. Please see <xref linkend="htaccess" /> for details
	  on how to do this for Apache.  I appreciate notes on how to
	  get this same functionality using other webservers.
	  </para>
	</warning>
      </section>

      <section>
	<title>Installing the Bugzilla Files</title>
	<para>
	  You should untar the Bugzilla files into a directory that
	you're willing to make writable by the default web server user
	(probably <quote>nobody</quote>).  You may decide to put the
	files off of the main web space for your web server or perhaps
	off of <filename>/usr/local</filename> with a symbolic link in
	the web space that points to the Bugzilla directory.  At any
	rate, just dump all the files in the same place, and make sure
	you can access the files in that directory through your web
	server.
	</para>
	<tip>
	  <para>
	    If you symlink the bugzilla directory into your Apache's
	  HTML heirarchy, you may receive
	  <errorname>Forbidden</errorname> errors unless you add the
	  <quote>FollowSymLinks</quote> directive to the
	  &lt;Directory&gt; entry for the HTML root.
	  </para>
	</tip>
	<para>
	  Once all the files are in a web accessible directory, make
	that directory writable by your webserver's user.  This is a
	temporary step until you run the post-install
	<filename>checksetup.pl</filename> script, which locks down your
	installation.
      </para>
      <para>
	Lastly, you'll need to set up a symbolic link to
	<filename>/usr/bonsaitools/bin/perl</filename> for the correct
	location of your perl executable (probably
	<filename>/usr/bin/perl</filename>). Otherwise you must hack
	all the .cgi files to change where they look for perl, or use
	<xref linkend="setperl" />, found in
	<xref linkend="patches" />.  I suggest using the symlink
	approach for future release compatability.
	<example>
	  <title>Setting up bonsaitools symlink</title>
	  <para>
	      Here's how you set up the Perl symlink on Linux to make
	    Bugzilla work. Your mileage may vary.  For some UNIX
	    operating systems, you probably need to subsitute
	    <quote>/usr/local/bin/perl</quote> for
	    <quote>/usr/bin/perl</quote>  below; if on certain other
	    UNIX systems, Perl may live in weird places like
	    <quote>/opt/perl</quote>.  As root, run these commands:
	    <programlisting>
bash# mkdir /usr/bonsaitools  
bash# mkdir /usr/bonsaitools/bin 
bash# ln -s /usr/bin/perl /usr/bonsaitools/bin/perl
	    </programlisting>
	  </para>
	  <para>
	    Alternately, you can simply run this perl one-liner to
	    change your path to perl in all the files in your Bugzilla
	    installation:
	    <programlisting>
perl -pi -e 's@#!/usr/bonsaitools/bin/perl@#!/usr/bin/perl@' *cgi *pl Bug.pm
	    </programlisting>
	    Change the second path to perl to match your installation.
	  </para>
	</example>
	<tip>
	  <para>
	    If you don't have root access to set this symlink up,
	    check out the
	    <xref linkend="setperl" />, listed in <xref
						      linkend="patches" />. It will change the path to perl in all your Bugzilla files for you.
	  </para>
	  </tip>
	</para>
      </section>

      <section>
	<title>Setting Up the MySQL Database</title>
	<para>
	  After you've gotten all the software installed and working you're ready
	  to start preparing the database for its life as a the back end to a high
	  quality bug tracker.
	</para>
	<para>
	  First, you'll want to fix MySQL permissions to allow access
	from Bugzilla.  For the purpose of this Installation section,
	the Bugzilla username will be <quote>bugs</quote>, and will
	have minimal permissions.
	
	<warning>
	  <para>
	    Bugzilla has not undergone a thorough security audit. It
	    may be possible for a system cracker to somehow trick
	    Bugzilla into executing a command such as <command>DROP
	      DATABASE mysql</command>.
	  </para>
	  <para>That would be bad.</para>
	</warning>
      </para>
      
      <para>
	Give the MySQL root user a password.  MySQL passwords are
	limited to 16 characters.
	<simplelist>
	  <member>
	    <computeroutput> <prompt>bash#</prompt> <command>mysql
		-u root mysql</command> </computeroutput>
	  </member>
	  <member>
	    <computeroutput> <prompt>mysql></prompt> <command>
		UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD ('new_password')
		WHERE user='root'; </command> </computeroutput>
	  </member>
	  <member>
	    <computeroutput> <prompt>mysql></prompt> <command>FLUSH
		PRIVILEGES;</command> </computeroutput>
	  </member>
	</simplelist> From this point on, if you need to access
	MySQL as the MySQL root user, you will need to use
	<command>mysql -u root -p</command> and enter your
	new_password.  Remember that MySQL user names have nothing to
	do with Unix user names (login names).	  
      </para>
      <para>
	Next, we create the <quote>bugs</quote> user, and grant
	sufficient permissions for checksetup.pl, which we'll use
	later, to work its magic.  This also restricts the
	<quote>bugs</quote> user to operations within a database
	called <quote>bugs</quote>, and only allows the account to
	connect from <quote>localhost</quote>.  Modify it to reflect
	your setup if you will be connecting from another machine or
	as a different user.
      </para>
      <para>
	Remember to set bugs_password to some unique password.
	<simplelist>
	  <member>
	    <computeroutput>
	      <prompt>mysql></prompt>
	      <command>GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,INDEX,
		ALTER,CREATE,DROP,REFERENCES 
		ON bugs.* TO bugs@localhost
		IDENTIFIED BY 'bugs_password';</command>
	    </computeroutput>
	  </member>
	  <member>
	    <computeroutput>
	      <prompt>
		mysql>
	      </prompt>
	      <command>
		FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
	      </command>
	    </computeroutput>
	  </member>
	</simplelist>
      </para>
      <para>
	Next, run the magic checksetup.pl script.  (Many thanks to
	Holger Schurig &lt;holgerschurig@nikocity.de&gt; for writing
	this script!) It will make sure Bugzilla files and directories
	have reasonable permissions, set up the
	<filename>data</filename> directory, and create all the MySQL
	tables.
	<simplelist>
	  <member>
	    <computeroutput> <prompt>bash#</prompt>
	      <command>./checksetup.pl</command> </computeroutput>
	  </member>
	</simplelist> The first time you run it, it will create a
	file called <filename>localconfig</filename>.
      </para>
    </section>
    
    <section>
      <title>Tweaking <filename>localconfig</filename></title>
      <para>
	This file contains a variety of settings you may need to tweak including
	how Bugzilla should connect to the MySQL database.
      </para>
      <para>
	The connection settings include:
	<orderedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      server's host: just use <quote>localhost</quote> if the
	      MySQL server is local
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      database name: <quote>bugs</quote> if you're following
	      these directions
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      MySQL username: <quote>bugs</quote> if you're following
	      these directions
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      Password for the <quote>bugs</quote> MySQL account above
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	</orderedlist>
      </para>
      <para>
	You should also install .htaccess files that the Apache
	webserver will use  to restrict access to Bugzilla data files.
	See <xref
		  linkend="htaccess" />.
      </para>
      <para>
	Once you are happy with the settings, re-run
	<filename>checksetup.pl</filename>. On this second run, it will
	  create the database and an administrator account for which
	  you will be prompted to provide information.
      </para>
      <para>
	When logged into an administrator account once Bugzilla is
	running, if you go to the query page (off of the Bugzilla main
	menu), you'll find an <quote>edit parameters</quote> option
	that is filled with editable treats.
      </para>
      <para>
	Should everything work, you will have a nearly empty Bugzilla
	database and a newly-created <filename>localconfig</filename>
	file in your Bugzilla root directory.
      </para>
      <para>
	<note>
	  <para>
	    The second time you run checksetup.pl, you should become
	    the user your web server runs as, and that you ensure that
	    you set the <quote>webservergroup</quote> parameter in localconfig to
	    match the web  server's group name, if any.  I believe,
	    for the next release of Bugzilla, this will be fixed so
	    that Bugzilla supports a <quote>webserveruser</quote> parameter in
	    localconfig as well.
	    <example>
	      <title>Running checksetup.pl as the web user</title>
	      <para>
		  Assuming your web server runs as user "apache", and
		Bugzilla is installed in "/usr/local/bugzilla", here's
		one way to run checksetup.pl as the web server user.
		As root, for the <emphasis>second run</emphasis> of
		checksetup.pl, do this: 
		<programlisting> 
bash# chown -R apache:apache /usr/local/bugzilla 
bash# su - apache 
bash# cd /usr/local/bugzilla 
bash# ./checksetup.pl 
		</programlisting>
	      </para>
	    </example>
	  </para>
	</note>
      </para>
      <note>
	<para>
	  The checksetup.pl script is designed so that you can run
	  it at any time without causing harm.  You should run it
	  after any upgrade to Bugzilla.
	</para>
      </note>
    </section>
    
    <section>
      <title>Setting Up Maintainers Manually (Optional)</title>
      <para>
	If you want to add someone else to every group by hand, you
	can do it by typing the appropriate MySQL commands.  Run
	<command> mysql -u root -p bugs</command> You
	may need different parameters, depending on your security
	settings. Then:
	  <simplelist>
	    <member>
	      <computeroutput> <prompt>mysql></prompt> <command>update
		profiles set groupset=0x7fffffffffffffff where
		login_name = 'XXX';</command> </computeroutput> (yes, that's <emphasis>fifteen</emphasis><quote>f</quote>'s.
	    </member>
	  </simplelist> replacing XXX with the Bugzilla email address.
	</para>
      </section>

      <section>
	<title>The Whining Cron (Optional)</title>
      <para>
	By now you have a fully functional bugzilla, but what good
	are bugs if they're not annoying?  To help make those bugs
	more annoying you can set up bugzilla's automatic whining
	system.  This can be done by adding the following command as a
	daily crontab entry (for help on that see that crontab man
	page):
	<simplelist>
	  <member>
	    <computeroutput> <command>cd
		&lt;your-bugzilla-directory&gt; ;
		./whineatnews.pl</command> </computeroutput>
	  </member>
	</simplelist>
      </para>
      <tip>
	<para>
	  Depending on your system, crontab may have several manpages.
	  The following command should  lead you to the most useful
	  page for this purpose: 
	  <programlisting>
 man 5 crontab
	  </programlisting>
	</para>
      </tip>
    </section>
    
    <section>
      <title>Bug Graphs (Optional)</title>
      <para>
	As long as you installed the GD and Graph::Base Perl modules
	you might as well turn on the nifty bugzilla bug reporting
	graphs.
      </para>
      <para>
	Add a cron entry like this to run collectstats daily at 5
	after midnight:
	<simplelist>
	  <member>
	    <computeroutput> <prompt>bash#</prompt> <command>crontab
		-e</command> </computeroutput>
	  </member>
	  <member>
	    <computeroutput> 5 0 * * * cd
	      &lt;your-bugzilla-directory&gt; ; ./collectstats.pl
	    </computeroutput>
	  </member>
	</simplelist>
      </para>
      <para>
	After two days have passed you'll be able to view bug graphs
	from the Bug Reports page. 
      </para>
    </section>
    
    <section>
      <title>Securing MySQL</title>
      <para>
	If you followed the installation instructions for setting up
	your "bugs" and "root" user in MySQL, much of this should not
	apply to you.  If you are upgrading an existing installation
	of Bugzilla, you should pay close attention to this section.
      </para>
      <para>
	Most MySQL installs have "interesting" default security parameters:
	<simplelist>
	  <member>mysqld defaults to running as root</member>
	  <member>it defaults to allowing external network connections</member>
	  <member>it has a known port number, and is easy to detect</member>
	  <member>it defaults to no passwords whatsoever</member>
	  <member>it defaults to allowing "File_Priv"</member>
	</simplelist>
      </para>
      <para>
	This means anyone from anywhere on the internet can not only
	drop the database with one SQL command, and they can write as
	root to the system.
      </para>
      <para>
	To see your permissions do:
	<simplelist>
	  <member>
	    <computeroutput>
	      <prompt>bash#</prompt>
	      <command>mysql -u root -p</command>
	    </computeroutput>
	  </member>
	  <member>
	    <computeroutput>
	      <prompt>mysql></prompt>
	      <command>use mysql;</command>
	    </computeroutput>
	  </member>
	  <member>
	    <computeroutput>
	      <prompt>mysql></prompt>
	      <command>show tables;</command>
	    </computeroutput>
	  </member>
	  <member>
	    <computeroutput>
	      <prompt>mysql></prompt>
	      <command>select * from user;</command>
	    </computeroutput>
	  </member>
	  <member>
	    <computeroutput>
	      <prompt>mysql></prompt>
	      <command>select * from db;</command>
	    </computeroutput>
	  </member>
	</simplelist>
      </para>
      <para>
	To fix the gaping holes:
	<simplelist>
	  <member>DELETE FROM user WHERE User='';</member>
	  <member>UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('new_password') WHERE user='root';</member>
	  <member> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</member>
	</simplelist>
      </para>
      <para>
	If you're not running "mit-pthreads" you can use:
	<simplelist>
	  <member>GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO bugs@localhost;</member>
	  <member>GRANT ALL ON bugs.* TO bugs@localhost;</member>
	  <member>REVOKE DROP ON bugs.* FROM bugs@localhost;</member>
	  <member>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</member>
	</simplelist>
      </para>
      <para>
	With "mit-pthreads" you'll need to modify the "globals.pl" Mysql->Connect
	line to specify a specific host name instead of "localhost", and accept
	external connections:
	<simplelist>
	  <member>GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO bugs@bounce.hop.com;</member>
	  <member>GRANT ALL ON bugs.* TO bugs@bounce.hop.com;</member>
	  <member>REVOKE DROP ON bugs.* FROM bugs@bounce.hop.com;</member>
	  <member>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</member>
	</simplelist>
      </para>
      <para>
	Use .htaccess files with the Apache webserver to secure your
	bugzilla install. See <xref linkend="htaccess" />
      </para>
      <para>
	Consider also:
	<orderedlist>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      Turning off external networking with "--skip-networking",
	      unless you have "mit-pthreads", in which case you can't.
	      Without networking, MySQL connects with a Unix domain socket.
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      using the --user= option to mysqld to run it as an unprivileged
	      user.
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      starting MySQL in a chroot jail
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      running the httpd in a "chrooted" jail
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      making sure the MySQL passwords are different from the OS
	      passwords (MySQL "root" has nothing to do with system "root").
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      running MySQL on a separate untrusted machine
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	  <listitem>
	    <para>
	      making backups ;-)
	    </para>
	  </listitem>
	</orderedlist>
      </para>
    </section>
  </section>      
  <section id="osx">
    <title>Mac OS X Installation Notes</title>
    <para>
      There are a lot of common libraries and utilities out there
      that Apple did not include with Mac OS X, but which run
      perfectly well on it.  The GD library, which Bugzilla needs to
      do bug graphs, is one of these.
    </para>
    <para>
      The easiest way to get a lot of these is with a program called
      Fink, which is similar in nature to the CPAN installer, but
      installs common GNU utilities.  Fink is available from
      &lt;http://sourceforge.net/projects/fink/>.
    </para>
    <para>
      Follow the instructions for setting up Fink.  Once it's
      installed, you'll want to run the following as root:
      <command>fink install gd</command>
    </para>
    <para>
      It will prompt you for a number of dependencies, type 'y' and
      hit enter to install all of the dependencies.  Then watch it
      work.
    </para>
    <para>
      To prevent creating conflicts with the software that Apple
      installs by default, Fink creates its own directory tree at
      /sw where it installs most of the software that it installs.
      This means your libraries and headers for libgd will be at
      /sw/lib and /sw/include instead of /usr/lib and
      /usr/local/include.  Because of these changed locations for
      the libraries, the Perl GD module will not install directly
      via CPAN (it looks for the specific paths instead of getting
      them from your environment).  But there's a way around that
      :-)
    </para>
    <para>
      Instead of typing <quote>install GD</quote> at the
      <prompt>cpan&gt;</prompt> prompt, type <command>look
	GD</command>.  This should go through the motions of
      downloading the latest version of the GD module, then it will
      open a shell and drop you into the build directory. Apply the
      following patch to the Makefile.PL file (save the patch into a
      file  and use the command <command>patch &lt;
	patchfile</command>:
    </para>
    <para>
      <programlisting>
<![CDATA[
	
--- GD-1.33/Makefile.PL Fri Aug  4 16:59:22 2000
+++ GD-1.33-darwin/Makefile.PL  Tue Jun 26 01:29:32 2001
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 warn "NOTICE: This module requires libgd 1.8.3 or higher (shared library version 4.X).\n";
 
 # =====> PATHS: CHECK AND ADJUST <=====
-my @INC     = qw(-I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/gd); 
-my @LIBPATH = qw(-L/usr/lib/X11 -L/usr/X11R6/lib -L/usr/X11/lib -L/usr/local/lib );
+my @INC     = qw(-I/sw/include -I/sw/include/gd -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/gd);
+my @LIBPATH = qw(-L/usr/lib/X11 -L/usr/X11R6/lib -L/usr/X11/lib -L/sw/lib -L/usr/local/lib);
 my @LIBS    = qw(-lgd -lpng -lz);
 
 # FEATURE FLAGS
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 
 push @LIBS,'-lttf' if $TTF;
 push @LIBS,'-ljpeg' if $JPEG;
-push @LIBS, '-lm' unless $^O eq 'MSWin32';
+push @LIBS, '-lm' unless ($^O =~ /^MSWin32|darwin$/);
 
 # FreeBSD 3.3 with libgd built from ports croaks if -lXpm is specified 
 if ($^O ne 'freebsd' && $^O ne 'MSWin32') {

]]> 
      </programlisting>
    </para>
    <para>
      Then, run these commands to finish the installation of the perl module:
      <simplelist>
	<member><command>perl Makefile.PL</command></member>
	<member><command>make</command></member>
	<member><command>make test</command></member>
	<member><command>make install</command></member>
	<member>And don't forget to run <command>exit</command> to get back to cpan.</member>
      </simplelist>
    </para>
    <para>
      Happy Hacking!
    </para>
  </section>
  
  <section id="bsdinstall" xreflabel="BSD Installation Notes">
    <title>BSD Installation Notes</title>
    <para>
      For instructions on how to set up Bugzilla on FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, BSDi, etc. please
      consult <xref linkend="osx" />.
    </para>
  </section>
  
  
  <section id="geninstall" xreflabel="Installation General Notes">
    <title>Installation General Notes</title>
    <section>
      <title>Modifying Your Running System</title>
      <para>
	Bugzilla optimizes database lookups by storing all relatively static
	information in the versioncache file, located in the data/ subdirectory
	under your installation directory.
      </para>
      <para>
	If you make a change to the structural data in your database
	(the versions table for example), or to the
	<quote>constants</quote> encoded in defparams.pl, you will
	need to remove the cached content from the data directory
	(by doing a <quote>rm data/versioncache</quote>), or your
	changes won't show up.
      </para>
      <para>
	That file gets automatically regenerated whenever it's more than an
	hour old, so Bugzilla will eventually notice your changes by itself, but
	generally you want it to notice right away, so that you can test things.
      </para>
    </section>
    <section>
      <title>Upgrading From Previous Versions</title>
      <para>
	The developers of Bugzilla are constantly adding new tables, columns and
	fields.  You'll get SQL errors if you just update the code.  The strategy
	to update is to simply always run the checksetup.pl script whenever
	you upgrade your installation of Bugzilla.  If you want to see what has
	changed, you can read the comments in that file, starting from the end.
      </para>
      <para>
	If you are running Bugzilla version 2.8 or lower, and wish to upgrade to
	the latest version, please consult the file, "UPGRADING-pre-2.8" in the
	Bugzilla root directory after untarring the archive.
      </para>
    </section>

    <section id="htaccess" xreflabel=".htaccess files and security">
      <title><filename>.htaccess</filename> files and security</title>
      <para>
	To enhance the security of your Bugzilla installation,
	Bugzilla  will generate
	<glossterm><filename>.htaccess</filename></glossterm> files
	which the Apache webserver can use to restrict  access to
	the bugzilla data files. The checksetup script  will
	generate the <filename>.htaccess</filename> files.
	
	<note>
	  <para>
	    If you are using an alternate provider of
	    <productname>webdot</productname> services for graphing
	    (as described when viewing
	    <filename>editparams.cgi</filename> in your web
	    browser), you will need to change  the ip address in
	    <filename>data/webdot/.htaccess</filename> to the ip
	    address of the webdot server that  you are using. 
	  </para>
	</note>
	
      </para>
      <para>
	If you are using Internet Information Server or other web
	server which does not observe <filename>.htaccess</filename>
	conventions, you can disable their creation by editing
	<filename>localconfig</filename> and setting the
	<varname>$create_htaccess</varname> variable to
	<parameter>0</parameter>.
      </para>
    </section>

    <section id="mod-throttle" xreflabel="Using mod_throttle to prevent Denial of Service attacks">
    	<title><filename>mod_throttle</filename> and Security</title>
      <para>
	It is possible for a user, by mistake or on purpose, to access
	the database many times in a row which can result in very slow
	access speeds for other users.  If your Bugzilla installation
	is experiencing this problem , you may install  the Apache
	module <filename>mod_throttle</filename> which can limit
	connections by ip-address. You may download this module at
	<ulink
	       url="http://www.snert.com/Software/Throttle/">http://www.snert.com/Software/Throttle/</ulink>. Follow the instructions to install into your Apache install.  <emphasis>This module only functions with the Apache web server!</emphasis>. You may use the <command>ThrottleClientIP</command> command provided by this module  to accomplish this goal. See the <ulink url="http://www.snert.com/Software/Throttle/">Module Instructions</ulink> for more  information. </para>
    </section>
    
    <section id="content-type" xreflabel="Preventing untrusted Bugzilla contentfrom executing malicious Javascript code">
      <title>Preventing untrusted Bugzilla content from executing malicious Javascript code</title>
      <para>It is possible for a Bugzilla to execute malicious
	Javascript code.  Due to internationalization concerns, we are
	unable to incorporate the code changes necessary to fulfill
	the CERT advisory requirements mentioned in <ulink
							   url="http://www.cet.org/tech_tips/malicious_code_mitigation.html/#3">http://www.cet.org/tech_tips/malicious_code_mitigation.html/#3</ulink>.  Executing the following code snippet from a UNIX command shell will rectify the problem if your Bugzilla installation is intended for an English-speaking audience.  As always, be sure your Bugzilla installation has a good backup before making changes, and I recommend you understand what the script is doing before executing it. </para>
	<para><programlisting>
bash# cd $BUGZILLA_HOME; for i in `ls *.cgi`; \
	  do cat $i | sed 's/Content-type\: text\/html/Content-Type: text\/html\; charset=ISO-8859-1/' >$i.tmp; \
	  mv $i.tmp $i; done
	</programlisting></para>
      <para>
	All this one-liner command does is search for all instances of
	<quote>Content-type: text/html</quote> and replaces it with
	<quote>Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1</quote>.
	This specification prevents possible Javascript attacks on the
	browser, and is suggested for all English-speaking sites.  For
	non-english-speaking Bugzilla sites, I suggest changing
	<quote>ISO-8859-1</quote>, above, to <quote>UTF-8</quote>.
      </para>
    </section>

    
    <section id="unixhistory">
      <title>UNIX Installation Instructions History</title>
      <para>
	This document was originally adapted from the Bonsai
	installation instructions by Terry Weissman
	&lt;terry@mozilla.org&gt;.
      </para>
      <para>
	The February 25, 1999 re-write of this page was done by Ry4an
	Brase &lt;ry4an@ry4an.org&gt;, with some edits by Terry
	Weissman, Bryce Nesbitt, Martin Pool, &amp; Dan Mosedale (But
	don't send bug reports to them; report them using bugzilla, at <ulink
	url="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=Bugzilla">http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=Bugzilla</ulink> ).
      </para>
      <para>
	This document was heavily modified again Wednesday, March 07
	2001 to reflect changes for Bugzilla 2.12 release by Matthew
	P. Barnson.  The securing MySQL section should be changed to
	become standard procedure for Bugzilla installations.
      </para>
      <para>
	Finally, the README in its entirety was marked up in SGML and
	included into the Guide on April 24, 2001 by Matt Barnson.
	Since that time, it's undergone extensive modification as
	Bugzilla grew.
      </para>
      <para>
	Comments from people using this Guide for the first time are
	particularly welcome.
      </para>
    </section>
  </section>
  
  <section id="win32" xreflabel="Win32 Installation Notes">
    <title>Win32 Installation Notes</title>
    <para>This section covers installation on Microsoft Windows 95,
      98, ME, NT, and 2000.  Bugzilla works fine on Win32 platforms,
      but please remember that the Bugzilla team and the author of the
      Guide neither endorse nor support installation on Microsoft
      Windows.  Bugzilla installs and runs <emphasis>best</emphasis>
      and <emphasis>easiest</emphasis> on UNIX-like operating systems,
      and that is the way it will stay for the foreseeable future. The
      Bugzilla team is considering supporting Win32 for the 2.16
      release and later.</para>
    <para>The easiest way to install Bugzilla on Intel-archiecture
      machines is to install some variant of GNU/Linux, then follow
      the UNIX installation instructions in this Guide.  If you have
      any influence in the platform choice for running this system,
      please choose GNU/Linux instead of Microsoft Windows.</para>

    <section id="wininstall" xreflabel="Win32 Installation: Step-by-step">
      <title>Win32 Installation: Step-by-step</title>
      <note>
	<para>
	  You should be familiar with, and cross-reference, the rest
	  of the  
	  <xref linkend="installation" /> section while performing your
	  Win32 installation.
	</para>
	<para>  Making Bugzilla work on Microsoft Windows is no
	  picnic.  Support for Win32 has improved dramatically in the
	  last few releases, but, if you choose to proceed, you should
	  be a <emphasis>very</emphasis> skilled Windows Systems
	  Administrator with strong troubleshooting abilities, a high
	  tolerance for pain, and moderate perl skills. Bugzilla on NT
	  requires hacking source code and implementing some advanced
	  utilities.  What follows is the recommended installation
	  procedure for Win32; additional suggestions are provided in
	  <xref linkend="faq" />.
	</para>
      </note>
      
      <procedure>
	<step>
	  <para>
	    Install <ulink url="http://www.apache.org/">Apache Web
	      Server</ulink> for Windows, and copy the Bugzilla files
	    somewhere Apache can serve them.  Please follow all the
	    instructions referenced in <xref linkend="installation" />
	    regarding your Apache configuration, particularly
	    instructions regarding the <quote>AddHandler</quote>
	    parameter and <quote>ExecCGI</quote>.
	  </para>
	  <note>
	    <para>
	      You may also use Internet Information Server or Personal
	      Web Server for this purpose.  However, setup is quite
	      different.  If ActivePerl doesn't seem to handle your
	      file associations correctly (for .cgi and .pl files),
	      please consult <xref linkend="faq" />.
	    </para>
	    <para>
	      If you are going to use IIS, if on Windows NT you must
	      be updated to at least Service Pack 4.  Windows 2000
	      ships with a sufficient version of IIS.
	    </para>
	  </note>
	</step>
	<step>
	  <para>
	    Install <ulink url="http://www.activestate.com/">ActivePerl</ulink> for Windows.  Check <ulink url="http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Downloads/ActivePerl/">http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Downloads/ActivePerl</ulink> for a current compiled binary.
	  </para>
	  <para>
	    Please also check the following links to fully understand the status
	    of ActivePerl on Win32:
	    <ulink url="http://language.perl.com/newdocs/pod/perlport.html">
	      Perl Porting</ulink>, and
	    <ulink url="http://ftp.univie.ac.at/packages/perl/ports/nt/FAQ/perlwin32faq5.html">
	      Perl on Win32 FAQ</ulink>
	  </para>
	</step>
	<step>
	  <para>
	    Use ppm from your perl\bin directory to install the following packs: DBI,
	    DBD-Mysql, TimeDate, Chart, Date-Calc, Date-Manip, and GD.  You may need
	    to extract them from .zip format using Winzip or other unzip program first.
	    These additional ppm modules can be downloaded from ActiveState.
	  </para>
	  <note>
	    <para>
	      You can find a list of modules at
	      <ulink url="http://www.activestate.com/PPMPackages/zips/5xx-builds-only">
		http://www.activestate.com/PPMPackages/zips/5xx-builds-only/</ulink>
	    </para>
	  </note>
	  <para>
	    The syntax for ppm is:
	    <computeroutput>
	      <prompt>C:> </prompt><command>ppm &lt;modulename&gt;</command>
	    </computeroutput>
	  </para>

	  <example>
	    <title>Installing ActivePerl ppd Modules on Microsoft Windows</title>
	    <para><prompt>C:></prompt><command>ppm
		<option>DBD-Mysql</option></command></para>
	    <para>Watch your capitalization!</para>
	  </example>

	  <para>
	    You can find ActiveState ppm modules at
	    <ulink url="http://www.activestate.com/PPMPackages/5.6plus/">
	      http://www.activestate.com/PPMPackages/5.6plus</ulink>
	  </para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>
	    Install MySQL for NT.
	    <note>
	      <para>
		You can download MySQL for Windows NT from <ulink url="http://www.mysql.com/">MySQL.com</ulink>.  Some find it helpful to use the WinMySqlAdmin utility, included with the download, to set up the database.
	      </para>
	    </note>
	  </para>
	</step>
	<step>
	  <para>
	    Setup MySQL
	  </para>
	  <substeps>
	    <step>
	      <para>
		<computeroutput>
		  <prompt>C:> </prompt>
		  <command>C:\mysql\bin\mysql -u root mysql</command>
		</computeroutput>
	      </para>
	    </step>
	    <step>
	      <para>
		<computeroutput>
		  <prompt>mysql></prompt>
		  <command>DELETE FROM user WHERE Host='localhost' AND User='';</command>
		</computeroutput>
	      </para>
	    </step>
	    <step>
	      <para>
		<computeroutput>
		  <prompt>mysql></prompt>
		  <command>UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD ('new_password')
		    WHERE user='root';</command>
		</computeroutput>
	      </para>
	      <para><quote>new_password</quote>, above, indicates
		whatever password you wish to use for your
		<quote>root</quote> user.</para>
	    </step>
	    <step id="ntbugs-password">
	      <para>
		<computeroutput>
		  <prompt>mysql></prompt>
		  <command>GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE,
		    INDEX, ALTER, CREATE, DROP, REFERENCES
		    ON bugs.* to bugs@localhost
		    IDENTIFIED BY 'bugs_password';</command>
		</computeroutput>
	      </para>
	      <para><quote>bugs_password</quote>, above, indicates
		whatever password you wish to use for your
		<quote>bugs</quote> user.</para>
	    </step>
	    <step>
	      <para>
		<computeroutput>
		  <prompt>mysql></prompt>
		  <command>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;</command>
		</computeroutput>
	      </para>
	    </step>
	    <step>
	      <para>
		<computeroutput>
		  <prompt>mysql></prompt>
		  <command>create database bugs;</command>
		</computeroutput>
	      </para>
	    </step>
	    <step>
	      <para>
		<computeroutput>
		  <prompt>mysql></prompt>
		  <command>exit;</command>
		</computeroutput>
	      </para>
	    </step>
	    <step>
	      <para>
		<computeroutput>
		  <prompt>C:></prompt>
		  <command>C:\mysql\bin\mysqladmin -u root -p reload</command>
		</computeroutput>
	      </para>
	    </step>
	  </substeps>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>
	    Edit <filename>checksetup.pl</filename> in your Bugzilla directory.  Change
	    this line:
	  </para>
	  <para>
	    <programlisting>
my $webservergid = getgrnam($my_webservergroup);
	    </programlisting>
	  </para>
	  <para>
	    to
	  </para>
	  <para>
	    <programlisting>
my $webservergid = $my_webservergroup;
	    </programlisting>
or the name of the group you wish to own the files explicitly:
	    <programlisting>
my $webservergid = 'Administrators'
	    </programlisting>
	  </para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>
	    Run <filename>checksetup.pl</filename> from the Bugzilla directory.
	  </para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>Edit <filename>localconfig</filename> to suit your
	    requirements.  Set <varname>$db_pass</varname> to your
	    <quote>bugs_password</quote> from <xref linkend="ntbugs-password" />, and <varname>$webservergroup</varname> to <quote>8</quote>.</para>
	  <note>
	    <para>Not sure on the <quote>8</quote> for
	      <varname>$webservergroup</varname> above.  If it's
	      wrong, please send corrections.</para>
	  </note>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>
	    Edit <filename>defparams.pl</filename> to suit your
	    requirements.  Particularly, set
	    <varname>DefParam("maintainer")</varname> and
	    <varname>DefParam("urlbase") to match your
	      install.</varname>
	  </para>
	  <note>
	    <para>This is yet another step I'm not sure of, since the
	      maintainer of this documentation does not maintain
	      Bugzilla on NT.  If you can confirm or deny that this
	      step is required, please let me know.</para>
	  </note>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <note>
	    <para>
	      There are several alternatives to Sendmail that will work on Win32.
	      The one mentioned here is a <emphasis>suggestion</emphasis>, not
	      a requirement.  Some other mail packages that can work include
	      <ulink url="http://www.blat.net/">BLAT</ulink>,
	      <ulink url="http://www.geocel.com/windmail/">Windmail</ulink>,
	      <ulink url="http://www.dynamicstate.com/">Mercury Sendmail</ulink>,
	      and the CPAN Net::SMTP Perl module (available in .ppm).
	      Every option requires some hacking of the Perl scripts for Bugzilla
	      to make it work.  The option here simply requires the least.
	    </para>
	  </note>

	  <procedure>
	    <step>
	      <para>
		Download NTsendmail, available from<ulink url="http://www.ntsendmail.com/"> www.ntsendmail.com</ulink>. You must have a "real" mail server which allows you to relay off it in your $ENV{"NTsendmail"} (which you should probably place in globals.pl)
	      </para>
	    </step>

	    <step>
	      <para>Put ntsendmail.pm into your .\perl\lib directory.</para>
	    </step>

	    <step>
	      <para>Add to globals.pl:</para>
	      <programlisting>
# these settings configure the NTsendmail process
use NTsendmail;
$ENV{"NTsendmail"}="your.smtpserver.box";
$ENV{"NTsendmail_debug"}=1;
$ENV{"NTsendmail_max_tries"}=5;
	      </programlisting>
	      <note>
		<para>
		  Some mention to also edit
		  <varname>$db_pass</varname> in
		  <filename>globals.pl</filename> to be your
		  <quote>bugs_password</quote>.  Although this may get
		  you around some problem authenticating to your
		  database, since globals.pl is not normally
		  restricted by <filename>.htaccess</filename>, your
		  database password is exposed to whoever uses your
		  web server.
		</para>
	      </note>
	    </step>

	    <step>
	      <para>
		Find and comment out all occurences of
		<quote><command>open(SENDMAIL</command></quote> in
		your Bugzilla directory.  Then replace them with:
		<programlisting>
# new sendmail functionality
my $mail=new NTsendmail;
my $from="bugzilla\@your.machine.name.tld";
my $to=$login;
my $subject=$urlbase;
$mail->send($from,$to,$subject,$msg);
		</programlisting>
	      </para>
	      <note>
		<para>
		  Some have found success using the commercial product, 
		  <productname>Windmail</productname>.
		  You could try replacing your sendmail calls with:
		  <programlisting>
open SENDMAIL, "|\"C:/General/Web/tools/Windmail 4.0 Beta/windmail\" -t > mail.log";
		  </programlisting>
		or something to that effect.
		</para>
	      </note>
	    </step>
	  </procedure>
	</step>
      
	<step>
	  <para>
	    Change all references in all files from
	    <filename>processmail</filename> to
	    <filename>processmail.pl</filename>, and
	    rename <filename>processmail</filename> to
	    <filename>processmail.pl</filename>.
	  </para>
	  <note>
	    <para>
	      Many think this may be a change we want to make for
	      main-tree Bugzilla.  It's painless for the UNIX folks,
	      and will make the Win32 people happier.
	    </para>
	  </note>
	  <note>
	    <para>
	      Some people have suggested using the Net::SMTP Perl module instead of NTsendmail or the other options listed here.  You can change processmail.pl to make this work.
	    <programlisting>
<![CDATA[

my $smtp = Net::SMTP->new('<Name of your SMTP server>');   #connect to SMTP server
$smtp->mail('<your name>@<you smpt server>');# use the sender's adress here
$smtp->to($tolist); # recipient's address
$smtp->data();  # Start the mail
$smtp->datasend($msg);
$smtp->dataend();   # Finish sending the mail
$smtp->quit;    # Close the SMTP connection
$logstr = "$logstr; mail sent to $tolist $cclist";
}

]]>
</programlisting>
here is a test mail program for Net::SMTP:
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[

use Net::SMTP;
 my $smtp = Net::SMTP->new('<Name of your SMTP server', Timeout => 30, Debug
=> 1, ); # connect to SMTP server
                 $smtp->auth;
                $smtp->mail('you@yourcompany.com');# use the sender's adress
here
                $smtp->to('someotherAddress@someotherdomain.com'); #
recipient's address
                $smtp->data();  # Start the mail
                $smtp->datasend('test');
                $smtp->dataend();   # Finish sending the mail
                $smtp->quit;    # Close the SMTP connection
exit;

]]>
</programlisting>
	    </para>
	  </note>
	</step>
	<step>
	  <note>
	    <para>
	      This step is optional if you are using IIS or another
	      web server which only decides on an interpreter based
	      upon the file extension (.pl), rather than the
	      <quote>shebang</quote> line (#/usr/bonsaitools/bin/perl)
	    </para>
	  </note>
	  <para>
	    Modify the path to perl on the first line (#!) of all
	    files to point to your Perl installation, and add
	    <quote>perl</quote> to the beginning of all Perl system
	    calls that use a perl script as an argument.  This may
	    take you a while. There is a <quote>setperl.csh</quote>
	    utility to speed part of this procedure, available in the
	    <xref linkend="patches" /> section of The Bugzilla Guide.
	    However, it requires the Cygwin GNU-compatible environment
	    for Win32 be set up in order to work.  See <ulink url="http://www.cygwin.com/">http://www.cygwin.com/</ulink> for details on obtaining Cygwin.
	  </para>
	</step>

	<step>
	  <para>
	    Modify the invocation of all system() calls in all perl
	    scripts in your Bugzilla directory.  For instance, change
	    this line in processmail: 
	    <programlisting> 
system ("./processmail.pl",@ARGLIST); 
	    </programlisting> to
	    <programlisting> 
system ("perl processmail.pl",@ARGLIST);
	    </programlisting>
	  </para>
	</step>
        <step>
          <para>
            Add <function>binmode()</function> calls so attachments
	    will work (<ulink
			      url="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=62000">bug 62000</ulink>).
          </para>
          <para>
            Because Microsoft Windows based systems handle binary
	    files different than Unix based systems, you need to add
	    the following lines to
	    <filename>createattachment.cgi</filename>  and
	    <filename>showattachment.cgi</filename> before the
	    <function>require 'CGI.pl';</function> line.
</para>
<para>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
binmode(STDIN);
binmode(STDOUT);
]]>
</programlisting>
          </para>
          <note>
            <para>
              According to <ulink
				  url="http://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=62000">bug 62000</ulink>, the perl documentation says that you should always use <function>binmode()</function> when dealing with binary files, but never when dealing with text files.  That seems to suggest that rather than aribtrarily putting <function>binmode()</function> at the begining of the attachment files, there should be logic to determine if <function>binmode()</function> is needed or not.
            </para>
          </note>
        </step>
      </procedure>

      <tip>
	<para>
	  If you are using IIS or Personal Web Server, you must add cgi
	  relationships to Properties -> Home directory (tab) ->
	  Application Settings (section) -> Configuration (button),
	  such as: 
	</para>
	<para>
	  <programlisting> 
.cgi to: &lt;perl install directory&gt;\perl.exe %s %s
.pl to: &lt;perl install directory&gt;\perl.exe %s %s
GET,HEAD,POST
	  </programlisting> 
	  Change the path to Perl to match your
	  install, of course.
	</para>
      </tip>
    </section>

    <section id="addlwintips">
      <title>Additional Windows Tips</title>
      <tip>
	<para>
	  From Andrew Pearson:
	  <blockquote>
	    <para>
	      You can make Bugzilla work with Personal Web Server for
	      Windows 98 and higher, as well as for IIS 4.0.
	      Microsoft has information available at <ulink url="
							    http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q231/9/98.ASP"> http://support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q231/9/98.ASP</ulink>
	    </para>
	    <para>
	      Basically you need to add two String Keys in the
	      registry at the following location:
	    </para>
	    <para>
	      <programlisting>
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\W3SVC\Parameters\ScriptMap
	      </programlisting>
	    </para>
	    <para>
	      The keys should be called ".pl" and ".cgi", and both
	      should have a value something like:
	      <command>c:/perl/bin/perl.exe "%s" "%s"</command>
	    </para>
	    <para>
	      The KB article only talks about .pl, but it goes into
	      more detail and provides a perl test script.
	    </para>
	  </blockquote>
	</para>
      </tip>
      <tip>
	<para>
	  If attempting to run Bugzilla 2.12 or older, you will need
	  to remove encrypt() calls from the Perl source. This is
	  <emphasis>not necessary</emphasis> for Bugzilla 2.13 and
	  later, which includes the current release, Bugzilla
	  &bz-ver;.
	  <example>
	    <title>Removing encrypt() for Windows NT Bugzilla version
	      2.12 or earlier</title>
	    <para>
	      Replace this:   
	      <programlisting>  
SendSQL("SELECT encrypt(" . SqlQuote($enteredpwd) . ", " . SQLQuote(substr($realcryptpwd, 0, 2)) . ")");
my $enteredcryptpwd = FetchOneColumn();
	      </programlisting> 
with this:   
	      <programlisting>  
my $enteredcryptpwd = $enteredpwd   
	      </programlisting> 
	      in cgi.pl.
	    </para>
	  </example>
	</para>
      </tip>
    </section>
    
    <section id="bzldap">
      <title>Bugzilla LDAP Integration</title>
      <para>
	What follows is some late-breaking information on using the
	LDAP authentication options with Bugzilla.  The author has not
	tested these (nor even formatted this section!) so please
	contribute feedback to the newsgroup.
      </para>
      <literallayout>
Mozilla::LDAP module

The Mozilla::LDAP module allows you to use LDAP for authentication to
the Bugzilla system.  This module is not required if you are not using
LDAP.

Mozilla::LDAP (aka PerLDAP) is available for download from
http://www.mozilla.org/directory.

NOTE: The Mozilla::LDAP module requires Netscape's Directory SDK.
Follow the link for "Directory SDK for C" on that same page to
download the SDK first.  After you have installed this SDK, then
install the PerLDAP module.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Post-Installation Checklist
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Set useLDAP to "On" **only** if you will be using an LDAP directory
for authentication.  Be very careful when setting up this parameter;
if you set LDAP authentication, but do not have a valid LDAP directory
set up, you will not be able to log back in to Bugzilla once you log
out.  (If this happens, you can get back in by manually editing the
data/params file, and setting useLDAP back to 0.)

If using LDAP, you must set the three additional parameters:

Set LDAPserver to the name (and optionally port) of your LDAP server.
If no port is specified, it defaults to the default port of 389.  (e.g
"ldap.mycompany.com" or "ldap.mycompany.com:1234")

Set LDAPBaseDN to the base DN for searching for users in your LDAP
directory.  (e.g. "ou=People,o=MyCompany")  uids must be unique under
the DN specified here.

Set LDAPmailattribute to the name of the attribute in your LDAP
directory which contains the primary email address.  On most directory
servers available, this is "mail", but you may need to change this.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

(Not sure where this bit should go, but it's important that it be in
there somewhere...)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Using LDAP authentication for Bugzilla:

The existing authentication scheme for Bugzilla uses email addresses
as the primary user ID, and a password to authenticate that user.  All
places within Bugzilla where you need to deal with user ID (e.g
assigning a bug) use the email address.

The LDAP authentication builds on top of this scheme, rather than
replacing it.  The initial log in is done with a username and password
for the LDAP directory.  This then fetches the email address from LDAP
and authenticates seamlessly in the standard Bugzilla authentication
scheme using this email address.  If an account for this address
already exists in your Bugzilla system, it will log in to that
account.  If no account for that email address exists, one is created
at the time of login.  (In this case, Bugzilla will attempt to use the
"displayName" or "cn" attribute to determine the user's full name.)

After authentication, all other user-related tasks are still handled
by email address, not LDAP username.  You still assign bugs by email
address, query on users by email address, etc.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
      </literallayout>
    </section>
  </section>
</chapter>


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