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href="../contributing/index.html">Contributing to CodeIgniter</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../documentation/index.html">Writing CodeIgniter Documentation</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../DCO.html">Developer’s Certificate of Origin 1.1</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<ul> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/index.html">General Topics</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/urls.html">CodeIgniter URLs</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/controllers.html">Controllers</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/reserved_names.html">Reserved Names</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/views.html">Views</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/models.html">Models</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/helpers.html">Helpers</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/libraries.html">Using CodeIgniter Libraries</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_libraries.html">Creating Libraries</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/drivers.html">Using CodeIgniter Drivers</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/creating_drivers.html">Creating Drivers</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/core_classes.html">Creating Core System Classes</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/ancillary_classes.html">Creating Ancillary Classes</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/hooks.html">Hooks - Extending the Framework Core</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/autoloader.html">Auto-loading Resources</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html">Common Functions</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/compatibility_functions.html">Compatibility Functions</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/routing.html">URI Routing</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/errors.html">Error Handling</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/caching.html">Caching</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/profiling.html">Profiling Your Application</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/cli.html">Running via the CLI</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/managing_apps.html">Managing your Applications</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/environments.html">Handling Multiple Environments</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/alternative_php.html">Alternate PHP Syntax for View Files</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/security.html">Security</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../general/styleguide.html">PHP Style Guide</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<ul> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/index.html">Libraries</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/benchmark.html">Benchmarking Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/caching.html">Caching Driver</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/calendar.html">Calendaring Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html">Shopping Cart Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html">Config Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html">Email Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html">Encrypt Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html">Encryption Library</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/file_uploading.html">File Uploading Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html">Form Validation</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/ftp.html">FTP Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/image_lib.html">Image Manipulation Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html">Input Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html">Javascript Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html">Language Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/loader.html">Loader Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/migration.html">Migrations Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/output.html">Output Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html">Pagination Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/parser.html">Template Parser Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/security.html">Security Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html">Session Library</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/table.html">HTML Table Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/trackback.html">Trackback Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/typography.html">Typography Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/unit_testing.html">Unit Testing Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html">URI Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/user_agent.html">User Agent Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/xmlrpc.html">XML-RPC and XML-RPC Server Classes</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/zip.html">Zip Encoding Class</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<ul> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/index.html">Database Reference</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/examples.html">Quick Start: Usage Examples</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/configuration.html">Database Configuration</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/connecting.html">Connecting to a Database</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/queries.html">Running Queries</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/results.html">Generating Query Results</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/helpers.html">Query Helper Functions</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/query_builder.html">Query Builder Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/transactions.html">Transactions</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/metadata.html">Getting MetaData</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/call_function.html">Custom Function Calls</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/caching.html">Query Caching</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html">Database Manipulation with Database Forge</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/utilities.html">Database Utilities Class</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../database/db_driver_reference.html">Database Driver Reference</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +<ul> +<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/index.html">Helpers</a><ul> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html">Array Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/captcha_helper.html">CAPTCHA Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html">Cookie Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html">Date Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/directory_helper.html">Directory Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/download_helper.html">Download Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html">Email Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html">File Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html">Form Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html">HTML Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/inflector_helper.html">Inflector Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/language_helper.html">Language Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/number_helper.html">Number Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/path_helper.html">Path Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html">Security Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html">Smiley Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html">String Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html">Text Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/typography_helper.html">Typography Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html">URL Helper</a></li> +<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/xml_helper.html">XML Helper</a></li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> + + + + </div> + + </nav> + + <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap"> + + + <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation"> + <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i> + <a href="../index.html">CodeIgniter</a> + </nav> + + + + <div class="wy-nav-content"> + <div class="rst-content"> + <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation"> + <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs"> + <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> »</li> + + <li><a href="index.html">Installation Instructions</a> »</li> + + <li><a href="upgrading.html">Upgrading From a Previous Version</a> »</li> + + <li>Upgrading from 2.2.x to 3.0.x</li> + <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside"> + + </li> + <div style="float:right;margin-left:5px;" id="closeMe"> + <img title="Classic Layout" alt="classic layout" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhFAAUAJEAAAAAADMzM////wAAACH5BAUUAAIALAAAAAAUABQAAAImlI+py+0PU5gRBRDM3DxbWoXis42X13USOLauUIqnlsaH/eY6UwAAOw==" /> + </div> + </ul> + <hr/> +</div> + <div role="main" class="document"> + + <div class="section" id="upgrading-from-2-2-x-to-3-0-x"> +<h1>Upgrading from 2.2.x to 3.0.x<a class="headerlink" href="#upgrading-from-2-2-x-to-3-0-x" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> +<p>Before performing an update you should take your site offline by replacing the index.php file with a static one.</p> +<div class="section" id="step-1-update-your-codeigniter-files"> +<h2>Step 1: Update your CodeIgniter files<a class="headerlink" href="#step-1-update-your-codeigniter-files" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p><strong>Replace</strong> all files and directories in your <em>system/</em> directory and +replace your index.php file. If any modifications were made to your +index.php they will need to be made fresh in this new one.</p> +<div class="admonition important"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p> +<p class="last">You have to delete the old <em>system/</em> directory first and +then put the new one in its place. A simple copy-paste may cause +issues.</p> +</div> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">If you have any custom developed files in these folders please +make copies of them first.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-2-update-your-classes-file-names"> +<h2>Step 2: Update your classes file names<a class="headerlink" href="#step-2-update-your-classes-file-names" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Starting with CodeIgniter 3.0, all class filenames (libraries, drivers, controllers +and models) must be named in a Ucfirst-like manner or in other words - they must +start with a capital letter.</p> +<p>For example, if you have the following library file:</p> +<blockquote> +<div>application/libraries/mylibrary.php</div></blockquote> +<p>… then you’ll have to rename it to:</p> +<blockquote> +<div>application/libraries/Mylibrary.php</div></blockquote> +<p>The same goes for driver libraries and extensions and/or overrides of CodeIgniter’s +own libraries and core classes.</p> +<blockquote> +<div>application/libraries/MY_email.php +application/core/MY_log.php</div></blockquote> +<p>The above files should respectively be renamed to the following:</p> +<blockquote> +<div>application/libraries/MY_Email.php +application/core/MY_Log.php</div></blockquote> +<p>Controllers:</p> +<blockquote> +<div>application/controllers/welcome.php -> application/controllers/Welcome.php</div></blockquote> +<p>Models:</p> +<blockquote> +<div>application/models/misc_model.php -> application/models/Misc_model.php</div></blockquote> +<p>Please note that this DOES NOT affect directories, configuration files, views, +helpers, hooks and anything else - it is only applied to classes.</p> +<p>You must now follow just one simple rule - class names in Ucfirst and everything else +in lowercase.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-3-replace-config-mimes-php"> +<h2>Step 3: Replace config/mimes.php<a class="headerlink" href="#step-3-replace-config-mimes-php" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>This config file has been updated to contain more user mime-types, please copy +it to <em>application/config/mimes.php</em>.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-4-remove-autoload-core-from-your-config-autoload-php"> +<h2>Step 4: Remove $autoload[‘core’] from your config/autoload.php<a class="headerlink" href="#step-4-remove-autoload-core-from-your-config-autoload-php" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Use of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$autoload['core']</span></code> config array has been deprecated as of CodeIgniter 1.4.1 and is now removed. +Move any entries that you might have listed there to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$autoload['libraries']</span></code> instead.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-5-move-your-log-class-overrides-or-extensions"> +<h2>Step 5: Move your Log class overrides or extensions<a class="headerlink" href="#step-5-move-your-log-class-overrides-or-extensions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>The Log Class is considered as a “core” class and is now located in the +<strong>system/core/</strong> directory. Therefore, in order for your Log class overrides +or extensions to work, you need to move them to <strong>application/core/</strong>:</p> +<blockquote> +<div>application/libraries/Log.php -> application/core/Log.php +application/libraries/MY_Log.php -> application/core/MY_Log.php</div></blockquote> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-6-update-your-session-library-usage"> +<h2>Step 6: Update your Session library usage<a class="headerlink" href="#step-6-update-your-session-library-usage" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html"><span class="doc">Session Library</span></a> has been completely +re-written in CodeIgniter 3 and now comes with a bunch of new features, +but that also means that there are changes that you should make …</p> +<p>Most notably, the library now uses separate storage drivers instead of +always relying on (encrypted) cookies. +In fact, cookies as storage have now been removed and you must always use +some kind of server-side storage engine, with the file-system being the +default option.</p> +<p>The Session Class now utilizes PHP’s own mechanisms for building custom +session handlers, which also means that your session data is now +accessible via the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SESSION</span></code> superglobal (though, we’ve kept the +possibility to use it as “userdata”, like you’ve done until now).</p> +<p>A few configuration options have been removed and a few have been added. +You should really read the whole <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html"><span class="doc">Session library manual</span></a> for the details, but here’s a short list of changes +that you should make:</p> +<blockquote> +<div><ul> +<li><p class="first">Set your <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_driver']</span></code> value</p> +<p>It will default to ‘files’, unless you’ve previously used +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_use_database']</span></code>, in which case it will be set to +‘database’.</p> +</li> +<li><p class="first">Set a <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_save_path']</span></code> value</p> +<p>For the ‘database’ driver, a fallback to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_table_name']</span></code> +is in place, but otherwise requires you to read the manual for the +specific driver of your choice.</p> +</li> +<li><p class="first">Update your <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ci_sessions</span></code> table (‘database’ driver only)</p> +<p>The table structure has changed a bit, and more specifically:</p> +<blockquote> +<div><ul class="simple"> +<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">session_id</span></code> field is renamed to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">id</span></code></li> +<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user_agent</span></code> field is dropped</li> +<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">user_data</span></code> field is renamed to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">data</span></code> and under MySQL is now of type BLOB</li> +<li><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">last_activity</span></code> field is renamed to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">timestamp</span></code></li> +</ul> +</div></blockquote> +<p>This is accompanied by a slight change in the table indexes too, so +please read the manual about the <a class="reference external" href="../libraries/sessions.html#database-driver">Session Database Driver</a> for more information.</p> +<div class="admonition important"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p> +<p class="last">Only MySQL and PostgreSQL are officially supported +now. Other databases may still work, but due to lack of advisory +locking features, they are unsafe for concurrent requests and +you should consider using another driver instead.</p> +</div> +</li> +<li><p class="first">Remove <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_match_useragent']</span></code></p> +<p>The user-agent string is input supplied by the user’s browser, or in +other words: client side input. As such, it is an ineffective feature +and hence why it has been removed.</p> +</li> +<li><p class="first">Remove <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_encrypt_cookie']</span></code></p> +<p>As already noted, the library no longer uses cookies as a storage +mechanism, which renders this option useless.</p> +</li> +<li><p class="first">Remove <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_expire_on_close']</span></code></p> +<p>This option is still usable, but only for backwards compatibility +purposes and it should be otherwise removed. The same effect is +achieved by setting <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['sess_expiration']</span></code> to 0.</p> +</li> +<li><p class="first">Check “flashdata” for collisions with “userdata”</p> +<p>Flashdata is now just regular “userdata”, only marked for deletion on +the next request. In other words: you can’t have both “userdata” and +“flashdata” with the same name, because it’s the same thing.</p> +</li> +<li><p class="first">Check usage of session metadata</p> +<p>Previously, you could access the ‘session_id’, ‘ip_address’, +‘user_agent’ and ‘last_activity’ metadata items as userdata. +This is no longer possible, and you should read the notes about +<a class="reference external" href="../libraries/sessions.html#accessing-session-metadata">Session Metadata</a> +if your application relies on those values.</p> +</li> +<li><p class="first">Check <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">unset_userdata()</span></code> usage</p> +<p>Previously, this method used to accept an associative array of +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'key'</span> <span class="pre">=></span> <span class="pre">'dummy</span> <span class="pre">value'</span></code> pairs for unsetting multiple keys. That +however makes no sense and you now have to pass <em>only</em> the keys, as +the elements of an array.</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Old</span> +<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">unset_userdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'item'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'item2'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">));</span> + +<span class="c1">// New</span> +<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">unset_userdata</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'item'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'item2'</span><span class="p">));</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</li> +</ul> +</div></blockquote> +<p>Finally, if you have written a Session extension, you must now move it to +the <em>application/libraries/Session/</em> directory, although chances are that +it will now also have to be re-factored.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-7-update-your-config-database-php"> +<h2>Step 7: Update your config/database.php<a class="headerlink" href="#step-7-update-your-config-database-php" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Due to 3.0.0’s renaming of Active Record to Query Builder, inside your +<strong>config/database.php</strong>, you will need to rename the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$active_record</span></code> +variable to <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$query_builder</span></code>:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$active_group</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'default'</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="c1">// $active_record = TRUE;</span> +<span class="nv">$query_builder</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-8-replace-your-error-templates"> +<h2>Step 8: Replace your error templates<a class="headerlink" href="#step-8-replace-your-error-templates" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>In CodeIgniter 3.0, the error templates are now considered as views and have been moved to the +<em>application/views/errors</em> directory.</p> +<p>Furthermore, we’ve added support for CLI error templates in plain-text format that unlike HTML, +is suitable for the command line. This of course requires another level of separation.</p> +<p>It is safe to move your old templates from <em>application/errors</em> to <em>application/views/errors/html</em>, +but you’ll have to copy the new <em>application/views/errors/cli</em> directory from the CodeIgniter archive.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-9-update-your-config-routes-php-file"> +<h2>Step 9: Update your config/routes.php file<a class="headerlink" href="#step-9-update-your-config-routes-php-file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<div class="section" id="routes-containing-any"> +<h3>Routes containing :any<a class="headerlink" href="#routes-containing-any" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>Historically, CodeIgniter has always provided the <strong>:any</strong> wildcard in +routing, with the intention of providing a way to match any character +<strong>within</strong> an URI segment.</p> +<p>However, the <strong>:any</strong> wildcard is actually just an alias for a regular +expression and used to be executed in that manner as <strong>.+</strong>. This is +considered a bug, as it also matches the / (forward slash) character, which +is the URI segment delimiter and that was never the intention.</p> +<p>In CodeIgniter 3, the <strong>:any</strong> wildcard will now represent <strong>[^/]+</strong>, so +that it will not match a forward slash.</p> +<p>There are certainly many developers that have utilized this bug as an actual +feature. If you’re one of them and want to match a forward slash, please use +the <strong>.+</strong> regular expression:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">.+</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// matches ANYTHING</span> +<span class="p">(</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="nx">any</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1">// matches any character, except for '/'</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="directories-and-default-controller-404-override"> +<h3>Directories and ‘default_controller’, ‘404_override’<a class="headerlink" href="#directories-and-default-controller-404-override" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>As you should know, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$route['default_controller']</span></code> and +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$route['404_override']</span></code> settings accept not only a controller name, but +also <em>controller/method</em> pairs. However, a bug in the routing logic has +made it possible for some users to use that as <em>directory/controller</em> +instead.</p> +<p>As already said, this behavior was incidental and was never intended, nor +documented. If you’ve relied on it, your application will break with +CodeIgniter 3.0.</p> +<p>Another notable change in version 3 is that ‘default_controller’ and +‘404_override’ are now applied <em>per directory</em>. To explain what this means, +let’s take the following example:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$route</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'default_controller'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'main'</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>Now, assuming that your website is located at <em>example.com</em>, you already +know that if a user visits <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">http://example.com/</span></code>, the above setting will +cause your ‘Main’ controller to be loaded.</p> +<p>However, what happens if you have an <em>application/controllers/admin/</em> +directory and the user visits <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">http://example.com/admin/</span></code>? +In CodeIgniter 3, the router will look for a ‘Main’ controller under the +admin/ directory as well. If not found, a Not Found (404) will be triggered.</p> +<p>The same rule applies to the ‘404_override’ setting.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-10-many-functions-now-return-null-instead-of-false-on-missing-items"> +<h2>Step 10: Many functions now return NULL instead of FALSE on missing items<a class="headerlink" href="#step-10-many-functions-now-return-null-instead-of-false-on-missing-items" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Many methods and functions now return NULL instead of FALSE when the required items don’t exist:</p> +<blockquote> +<div><ul class="simple"> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html"><span class="doc">Common functions</span></a><ul> +<li>config_item()</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/config.html"><span class="doc">Config Class</span></a><ul> +<li>config->item()</li> +<li>config->slash_item()</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><span class="doc">Input Class</span></a><ul> +<li>input->get()</li> +<li>input->post()</li> +<li>input->get_post()</li> +<li>input->cookie()</li> +<li>input->server()</li> +<li>input->input_stream()</li> +<li>input->get_request_header()</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html"><span class="doc">Session Class</span></a><ul> +<li>session->userdata()</li> +<li>session->flashdata()</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html"><span class="doc">URI Class</span></a><ul> +<li>uri->segment()</li> +<li>uri->rsegment()</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/array_helper.html"><span class="doc">Array Helper</span></a><ul> +<li>element()</li> +<li>elements()</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> +</div></blockquote> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-11-usage-of-xss-filtering"> +<h2>Step 11: Usage of XSS filtering<a class="headerlink" href="#step-11-usage-of-xss-filtering" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Many functions in CodeIgniter allow you to use its XSS filtering feature +on demand by passing a boolean parameter. The default value of that +parameter used to be boolean FALSE, but it is now changed to NULL and it +will be dynamically determined by your <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['global_xss_filtering']</span></code> +value.</p> +<p>If you used to manually pass a boolean value for the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$xss_filter</span></code> +parameter or if you’ve always had <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['global_xss_filtering']</span></code> set +to FALSE, then this change doesn’t concern you.</p> +<p>Otherwise however, please review your usage of the following functions:</p> +<blockquote> +<div><ul class="simple"> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><span class="doc">Input Library</span></a><ul> +<li>input->get()</li> +<li>input->post()</li> +<li>input->get_post()</li> +<li>input->cookie()</li> +<li>input->server()</li> +<li>input->input_stream()</li> +</ul> +</li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html"><span class="doc">Cookie Helper</span></a> <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/cookie_helper.html#get_cookie" title="get_cookie"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_cookie()</span></code></a></li> +</ul> +</div></blockquote> +<div class="admonition important"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p> +<p class="last">Another related change is that the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_GET</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_POST</span></code>, +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_COOKIE</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$_SERVER</span></code> superglobals are no longer +automatically overwritten when global XSS filtering is turned on.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-12-check-for-potential-xss-issues-with-uris"> +<h2>Step 12: Check for potential XSS issues with URIs<a class="headerlink" href="#step-12-check-for-potential-xss-issues-with-uris" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/uri.html"><span class="doc">URI Library</span></a> used to automatically convert +a certain set of “programmatic characters” to HTML entities when they +are encountered in a URI segment.</p> +<p>This was aimed at providing some automatic XSS protection, in addition +to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['permitted_uri_chars']</span></code> setting, but has proven to be +problematic and is now removed in CodeIgniter 3.0.</p> +<p>If your application has relied on this feature, you should update it to +filter URI segments through <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$this->security->xss_clean()</span></code> whenever you +output them.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-13-check-for-usage-of-the-xss-clean-form-validation-rule"> +<h2>Step 13: Check for usage of the ‘xss_clean’ Form validation rule<a class="headerlink" href="#step-13-check-for-usage-of-the-xss-clean-form-validation-rule" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>A largely unknown rule about XSS cleaning is that it should <em>only be +applied to output</em>, as opposed to input data.</p> +<p>We’ve made that mistake ourselves with our automatic and global XSS cleaning +feature (see previous step about XSS above), so now in an effort to discourage that +practice, we’re also removing ‘xss_clean’ from the officially supported +list of <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><span class="doc">form validation</span></a> rules.</p> +<p>Because the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><span class="doc">Form Validation library</span></a> +generally validates <em>input</em> data, the ‘xss_clean’ rule simply doesn’t +belong in it.</p> +<p>If you really, really need to apply that rule, you should now also load the +<a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html"><span class="doc">Security Helper</span></a>, which contains +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">xss_clean()</span></code> as a regular function and therefore can be also used as +a validation rule.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-14-update-usage-of-input-class-s-get-post-method"> +<h2>Step 14: Update usage of Input Class’s get_post() method<a class="headerlink" href="#step-14-update-usage-of-input-class-s-get-post-method" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Previously, the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><span class="doc">Input Class</span></a> method <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_post()</span></code> +was searching first in POST data, then in GET data. This method has been +modified so that it searches in GET then in POST, as its name suggests.</p> +<p>A method has been added, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">post_get()</span></code>, which searches in POST then in GET, as +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_post()</span></code> was doing before.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-15-update-usage-of-directory-helper-s-directory-map-function"> +<h2>Step 15: Update usage of Directory Helper’s directory_map() function<a class="headerlink" href="#step-15-update-usage-of-directory-helper-s-directory-map-function" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>In the resulting array, directories now end with a trailing directory +separator (i.e. a slash, usually).</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-16-update-usage-of-database-forge-s-drop-table-method"> +<h2>Step 16: Update usage of Database Forge’s drop_table() method<a class="headerlink" href="#step-16-update-usage-of-database-forge-s-drop-table-method" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Up until now, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">drop_table()</span></code> added an IF EXISTS clause by default or it didn’t work +at all with some drivers. In CodeIgniter 3.0, the IF EXISTS condition is no longer added +by default and has an optional second parameter that allows that instead and is set to +FALSE by default.</p> +<p>If your application relies on IF EXISTS, you’ll have to change its usage.</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Now produces just DROP TABLE `table_name`</span> +<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">dbforge</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">drop_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'table_name'</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="c1">// Produces DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `table_name`</span> +<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">dbforge</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">drop_table</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'table_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">The given example uses MySQL-specific syntax, but it should work across +all drivers with the exception of ODBC.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-17-change-usage-of-email-library-with-multiple-emails"> +<h2>Step 17: Change usage of Email library with multiple emails<a class="headerlink" href="#step-17-change-usage-of-email-library-with-multiple-emails" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/email.html"><span class="doc">Email Library</span></a> will automatically clear the +set parameters after successfully sending emails. To override this behaviour, +pass FALSE as the first parameter in the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">send()</span></code> method:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">email</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">send</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">FALSE</span><span class="p">))</span> +<span class="p">{</span> + <span class="c1">// Parameters won't be cleared</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-18-update-your-form-validation-language-lines"> +<h2>Step 18: Update your Form_validation language lines<a class="headerlink" href="#step-18-update-your-form-validation-language-lines" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>Two improvements have been made to the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><span class="doc">Form Validation Library</span></a>’s <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html"><span class="doc">language</span></a> +files and error messages format:</p> +<blockquote> +<div><ul> +<li><p class="first"><a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/language.html"><span class="doc">Language Library</span></a> line keys now must be +prefixed with <strong>form_validation_</strong> in order to avoid collisions:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Old</span> +<span class="nv">$lang</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'rule'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">...</span> + +<span class="c1">// New</span> +<span class="nv">$lang</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'form_validation_rule'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">...</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</li> +<li><p class="first">The error messages format has been changed to use named parameters, to +allow more flexibility than what <cite>sprintf()</cite> offers:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Old</span> +<span class="s1">'The %s field does not match the %s field.'</span> + +<span class="c1">// New</span> +<span class="s1">'The {field} field does not match the {param} field.'</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</li> +</ul> +</div></blockquote> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">The old formatting still works, but the non-prefixed line keys +are DEPRECATED and scheduled for removal in CodeIgniter 3.1+. +Therefore you’re encouraged to update its usage sooner rather than +later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-19-make-sure-your-base-url-config-value-is-not-empty"> +<h2>Step 19: Make sure your ‘base_url’ config value is not empty<a class="headerlink" href="#step-19-make-sure-your-base-url-config-value-is-not-empty" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>When <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['base_url']</span></code> is not set, CodeIgniter tries to automatically +detect what your website’s base URL is. This is done purely for convenience +when you are starting development of a new application.</p> +<p>Auto-detection is never reliable and also has security implications, which +is why you should <strong>always</strong> have it manually configured!</p> +<p>One of the changes in CodeIgniter 3.0.3 is how this auto-detection works, +and more specifically it now falls back to the server’s IP address instead +of the hostname requested by the client. Therefore, if you’ve ever relied +on auto-detection, it will change how your website works now.</p> +<p>In case you need to allow e.g. multiple domains, or both <a class="reference external" href="http://">http://</a> and +<a class="reference external" href="https://">https://</a> prefixes to be dynamically used depending on the request, +remember that <em>application/config/config.php</em> is still a PHP script, in +which you can create this logic with a few lines of code. For example:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$allowed_domains</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'domain1.tld'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'domain2.tld'</span><span class="p">);</span> +<span class="nv">$default_domain</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'domain1.tld'</span><span class="p">;</span> + +<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">in_array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$_SERVER</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'HTTP_HOST'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="nv">$allowed_domains</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">TRUE</span><span class="p">))</span> +<span class="p">{</span> + <span class="nv">$domain</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$_SERVER</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'HTTP_HOST'</span><span class="p">];</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +<span class="k">else</span> +<span class="p">{</span> + <span class="nv">$domain</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nv">$default_domain</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="p">}</span> + +<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="o">!</span> <span class="k">empty</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$_SERVER</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'HTTPS'</span><span class="p">]))</span> +<span class="p">{</span> + <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'base_url'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'https://'</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nv">$domain</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +<span class="k">else</span> +<span class="p">{</span> + <span class="nv">$config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'base_url'</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'http://'</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="nv">$domain</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="p">}</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-20-remove-usage-of-previously-deprecated-functionalities"> +<h2>Step 20: Remove usage of (previously) deprecated functionalities<a class="headerlink" href="#step-20-remove-usage-of-previously-deprecated-functionalities" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>In addition to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$autoload['core']</span></code> configuration setting, there’s a +number of other functionalities that have been removed in CodeIgniter 3.0.0:</p> +<div class="section" id="the-sha1-library"> +<h3>The SHA1 library<a class="headerlink" href="#the-sha1-library" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>The previously deprecated SHA1 library has been removed, alter your code to use PHP’s native +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sha1()</span></code> function to generate a SHA1 hash.</p> +<p>Additionally, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">sha1()</span></code> method in the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html"><span class="doc">Encrypt Library</span></a> has been removed.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="the-ext-constant"> +<h3>The EXT constant<a class="headerlink" href="#the-ext-constant" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>Usage of the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EXT</span></code> constant has been deprecated since dropping support for PHP 4. There’s no +longer a need to maintain different filename extensions and in this new CodeIgniter version, +the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">EXT</span></code> constant has been removed. Use just ‘.php’ instead.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="smiley-helper"> +<h3>Smiley helper<a class="headerlink" href="#smiley-helper" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html"><span class="doc">Smiley Helper</span></a> is a legacy feature from EllisLab’s +ExpressionEngine product. However, it is too specific for a general purpose framework like +CodeIgniter and as such it is now deprecated.</p> +<p>Also, the previously deprecated <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">js_insert_smiley()</span></code> (since version 1.7.2) is now removed.</p> +</div> +<div class="section" id="the-encrypt-library"> +<h3>The Encrypt library<a class="headerlink" href="#the-encrypt-library" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>Following numerous vulnerability reports, the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html"><span class="doc">Encrypt Library</span></a> has +been deprecated and a new, <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html"><span class="doc">Encryption Library</span></a> is added to take +its place.</p> +<p>The new library requires either the <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/mcrypt">MCrypt extension</a> (and /dev/urandom +availability) or PHP 5.3.3 and the <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/openssl">OpenSSL extension</a>. +While this might be rather inconvenient, it is a requirement that allows us to have properly +implemented cryptographic functions.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encrypt.html"><span class="doc">Encrypt Library</span></a> is still available for the purpose +of keeping backwards compatibility.</p> +</div> +<div class="admonition important"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Important</p> +<p class="last">You are strongly encouraged to switch to the new <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/encryption.html"><span class="doc">Encryption Library</span></a> as soon as possible!</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="the-cart-library"> +<h3>The Cart library<a class="headerlink" href="#the-cart-library" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/cart.html"><span class="doc">Cart Library</span></a>, similarly to the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/smiley_helper.html"><span class="doc">Smiley Helper</span></a> is too specific for CodeIgniter. It is now deprecated +and scheduled for removal in CodeIgniter 3.1+.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">The library is still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove its usage sooner +rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="database-drivers-mysql-sqlite-mssql-pdo-dblib"> +<h3>Database drivers ‘mysql’, ‘sqlite’, ‘mssql’, ‘pdo/dblib’<a class="headerlink" href="#database-drivers-mysql-sqlite-mssql-pdo-dblib" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>The <strong>mysql</strong> driver utilizes the old ‘mysql’ PHP extension, known for its aging code base and +many low-level problems. The extension is deprecated as of PHP 5.5 and CodeIgniter deprecates +it in version 3.0, switching the default configured MySQL driver to <strong>mysqli</strong>.</p> +<p>Please use either the ‘mysqli’ or ‘pdo/mysql’ drivers for MySQL. The old ‘mysql’ driver will be +removed at some point in the future.</p> +<p>The <strong>sqlite</strong>, <strong>mssql</strong> and <strong>pdo/dblib</strong> (also known as pdo/mssql or pdo/sybase) drivers +all depend on PHP extensions that for different reasons no longer exist since PHP 5.3.</p> +<p>Therefore we are now deprecating these drivers as we will have to remove them in one of the next +CodeIgniter versions. You should use the more advanced, <strong>sqlite3</strong>, <strong>sqlsrv</strong> or <strong>pdo/sqlsrv</strong> +drivers respectively.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">These drivers are still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to switch to other ones +sooner rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="security-helper-do-hash"> +<h3>Security helper do_hash()<a class="headerlink" href="#security-helper-do-hash" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html"><span class="doc">Security Helper</span></a> function <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">do_hash()</span></code> is now just an alias for +PHP’s native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">hash()</span></code> function. It is deprecated and scheduled for removal in CodeIgniter 3.1+.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">This function is still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove its usage sooner +rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="the-config-global-xss-filtering-setting"> +<h3>The $config[‘global_xss_filtering’] setting<a class="headerlink" href="#the-config-global-xss-filtering-setting" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>As already explained above, XSS filtering should not be done on input data, +but on output instead. Therefore, the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">$config['global_xss_filtering']</span></code>, +which automatically filters <em>input</em> data, is considered a bad practice and +is now deprecated.</p> +<p>Instead, you should manually escape any user-provided data via the +<a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/security_helper.html#xss_clean" title="xss_clean"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">xss_clean()</span></code></a> function when you need to output it, or use a +library like <a class="reference external" href="http://htmlpurifier.org/">HTML Purifier</a> that does that +for you.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">The setting is still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to +remove its usage sooner rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="file-helper-read-file"> +<h3>File helper read_file()<a class="headerlink" href="#file-helper-read-file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/file_helper.html"><span class="doc">File Helper</span></a> function <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">read_file()</span></code> is now just an alias for +PHP’s native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">file_get_contents()</span></code> function. It is deprecated and scheduled for removal in +CodeIgniter 3.1+.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">This function is still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove its usage sooner +rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="string-helper-repeater"> +<h3>String helper repeater()<a class="headerlink" href="#string-helper-repeater" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html"><span class="doc">String Helper</span></a> function <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html#repeater" title="repeater"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">repeater()</span></code></a> is now just an alias for +PHP’s native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">str_repeat()</span></code> function. It is deprecated and scheduled for removal in CodeIgniter 3.1+.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">This function is still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove its usage sooner +rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="string-helper-trim-slashes"> +<h3>String helper trim_slashes()<a class="headerlink" href="#string-helper-trim-slashes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html"><span class="doc">String Helper</span></a> function <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html#trim_slashes" title="trim_slashes"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">trim_slashes()</span></code></a> is now just an alias +for PHP’s native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">trim()</span></code> function (with a slash passed as its second argument). It is deprecated and +scheduled for removal in CodeIgniter 3.1+.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">This function is still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove its usage sooner +rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="form-helper-form-prep"> +<h3>Form helper form_prep()<a class="headerlink" href="#form-helper-form-prep" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html"><span class="doc">Form Helper</span></a> function <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html#form_prep" title="form_prep"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">form_prep()</span></code></a> +is now just an alias for <a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html"><span class="doc">common function</span></a> +<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></code>. It is deprecated and will be removed in the future.</p> +<p>Please use <a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html#html_escape" title="html_escape"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">html_escape()</span></code></a> instead.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">This function is still available, but you’re strongly encouraged +to remove its usage sooner rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="email-helper-functions"> +<h3>Email helper functions<a class="headerlink" href="#email-helper-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html"><span class="doc">Email Helper</span></a> only has two functions</p> +<blockquote> +<div><ul class="simple"> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html#valid_email" title="valid_email"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">valid_email()</span></code></a></li> +<li><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html#send_email" title="send_email"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">send_email()</span></code></a></li> +</ul> +</div></blockquote> +<p>Both of them are now aliases for PHP’s native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">filter_var()</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mail()</span></code> functions, respectively. +Therefore the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/email_helper.html"><span class="doc">Email Helper</span></a> altogether is being deprecated and +is scheduled for removal in CodeIgniter 3.1+.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">These functions are still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove their usage +sooner rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="date-helper-standard-date"> +<h3>Date helper standard_date()<a class="headerlink" href="#date-helper-standard-date" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/date_helper.html"><span class="doc">Date Helper</span></a> function <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">standard_date()</span></code> is being deprecated due +to the availability of native PHP <a class="reference external" href="http://php.net/manual/en/class.datetime.php#datetime.constants.types">constants</a>, +which when combined with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">date()</span></code> provide the same functionality. Furthermore, they have the +exact same names as the ones supported by <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">standard_date()</span></code>. Here are examples of how to replace +its usage:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Old way</span> +<span class="nx">standard_date</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="c1">// defaults to standard_date('DATE_RFC822', now());</span> + +<span class="c1">// Replacement</span> +<span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">DATE_RFC822</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">now</span><span class="p">());</span> + +<span class="c1">// Old way</span> +<span class="nx">standard_date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'DATE_ATOM'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$time</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="c1">// Replacement</span> +<span class="nb">date</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">DATE_ATOM</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$time</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">This function is still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove its usage sooner +rather than later as it is scheduled for removal in CodeIgniter 3.1+.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="html-helpers-nbs-br"> +<h3>HTML helpers nbs(), br()<a class="headerlink" href="#html-helpers-nbs-br" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p><a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/html_helper.html"><span class="doc">HTML Helper</span></a> functions <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">nbs()</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">br()</span></code> are just aliases +for the native <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">str_repeat()</span></code> function used with <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&nbsp;</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre"><br</span> <span class="pre">></span></code> respectively.</p> +<p>Because there’s no point in just aliasing native PHP functions, they are now deprecated and +scheduled for removal in CodeIgniter 3.1+.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">These functions are still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove their usage +sooner rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="pagination-library-anchor-class-setting"> +<h3>Pagination library ‘anchor_class’ setting<a class="headerlink" href="#pagination-library-anchor-class-setting" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/pagination.html"><span class="doc">Pagination Library</span></a> now supports adding pretty much any HTML +attribute to your anchors via the ‘attributes’ configuration setting. This includes passing the +‘class’ attribute and using the separate ‘anchor_class’ setting no longer makes sense. +As a result of that, the ‘anchor_class’ setting is now deprecated and scheduled for removal in +CodeIgniter 3.1+.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">This setting is still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove its usage sooner +rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="string-helper-random-string-types-unique-and-encrypt"> +<h3>String helper random_string() types ‘unique’ and ‘encrypt’<a class="headerlink" href="#string-helper-random-string-types-unique-and-encrypt" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>When using the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html"><span class="doc">String Helper</span></a> function <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/string_helper.html#random_string" title="random_string"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">random_string()</span></code></a>, +you should no longer pass the <strong>unique</strong> and <strong>encrypt</strong> randomization types. They are only +aliases for <strong>md5</strong> and <strong>sha1</strong> respectively and are now deprecated and scheduled for removal +in CodeIgniter 3.1+.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">These options are still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove their usage +sooner rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="url-helper-url-title-separators-dash-and-underscore"> +<h3>URL helper url_title() separators ‘dash’ and ‘underscore’<a class="headerlink" href="#url-helper-url-title-separators-dash-and-underscore" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>When using the <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html"><span class="doc">URL Helper</span></a> function <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/url_helper.html#url_title" title="url_title"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">url_title()</span></code></a>, you +should no longer pass <strong>dash</strong> or <strong>underscore</strong> as the word separator. This function will +now accept any character and you should just pass the chosen character directly, so you +should write ‘-‘ instead of ‘dash’ and ‘_’ instead of ‘underscore’.</p> +<p><strong>dash</strong> and <strong>underscore</strong> now act as aliases and are deprecated and scheduled for removal +in CodeIgniter 3.1+.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">These options are still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove their usage +sooner rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="session-library-method-all-userdata"> +<h3>Session Library method all_userdata()<a class="headerlink" href="#session-library-method-all-userdata" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>As seen in the <a class="reference internal" href="../changelog.html"><span class="doc">Change Log</span></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/sessions.html"><span class="doc">Session Library</span></a> +method <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">userdata()</span></code> now allows you to fetch all userdata by simply omitting its parameter:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">session</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">userdata</span><span class="p">();</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p>This makes the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">all_userdata()</span></code> method redudant and therefore it is now just an alias for +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">userdata()</span></code> with the above shown usage and is being deprecated and scheduled for removal +in CodeIgniter 3.1+.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">This method is still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove its usage +sooner rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="database-forge-method-add-column-with-an-after-clause"> +<h3>Database Forge method add_column() with an AFTER clause<a class="headerlink" href="#database-forge-method-add-column-with-an-after-clause" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>If you have used the <strong>third parameter</strong> for <a class="reference internal" href="../database/forge.html"><span class="doc">Database Forge</span></a> method +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">add_column()</span></code> to add a field for an AFTER clause, then you should change its usage.</p> +<p>That third parameter has been deprecated and scheduled for removal in CodeIgniter 3.1+.</p> +<p>You should now put AFTER clause field names in the field definition array instead:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Old usage:</span> +<span class="nv">$field</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span> + <span class="s1">'new_field'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'type'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s1">'TEXT'</span><span class="p">)</span> +<span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">dbforge</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">add_column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'table_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$field</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'another_field'</span><span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="c1">// New usage:</span> +<span class="nv">$field</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span> + <span class="s1">'new_field'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="k">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'type'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s1">'TEXT'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'after'</span> <span class="o">=></span> <span class="s1">'another_field'</span><span class="p">)</span> +<span class="p">);</span> + +<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">dbforge</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">add_column</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'table_name'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nv">$field</span><span class="p">);</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">The parameter is still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove its usage +sooner rather than later.</p> +</div> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">This is for MySQL and CUBRID databases only! Other drivers don’t support this +clause and will silently ignore it.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="uri-routing-methods-fetch-directory-fetch-class-fetch-method"> +<h3>URI Routing methods fetch_directory(), fetch_class(), fetch_method()<a class="headerlink" href="#uri-routing-methods-fetch-directory-fetch-class-fetch-method" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>With properties <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Router::$directory</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Router::$class</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Router::$method</span></code> +being public and their respective <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">fetch_*()</span></code> no longer doing anything else to just return +the properties - it doesn’t make sense to keep them.</p> +<p>Those are all internal, undocumented methods, but we’ve opted to deprecate them for now +in order to maintain backwards-compatibility just in case. If some of you have utilized them, +then you can now just access the properties instead:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">router</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">directory</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">router</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">class</span><span class="p">;</span> +<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">router</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">method</span><span class="p">;</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">Those methods are still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove their usage +sooner rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="input-library-method-is-cli-request"> +<h3>Input library method is_cli_request()<a class="headerlink" href="#input-library-method-is-cli-request" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>Calls to the <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Input::is_cli_request()</span></code> method are necessary at many places +in the CodeIgniter internals and this is often before the <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/input.html"><span class="doc">Input Library</span></a> is loaded. Because of that, it is being replaced by a common +function named <a class="reference internal" href="../general/common_functions.html#is_cli" title="is_cli"><code class="xref php php-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">is_cli()</span></code></a> and this method is now just an alias.</p> +<p>The new function is both available at all times for you to use and shorter to type.</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">// Old</span> +<span class="nv">$this</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">input</span><span class="o">-></span><span class="na">is_cli_request</span><span class="p">();</span> + +<span class="c1">// New</span> +<span class="nx">is_cli</span><span class="p">();</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +<p><code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Input::is_cli_request()</span></code> is now now deprecated and scheduled for removal in +CodeIgniter 3.1+.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">This method is still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove its usage +sooner rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="config-library-method-system-url"> +<h3>Config library method system_url()<a class="headerlink" href="#config-library-method-system-url" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>Usage of <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">CI_Config::system_url()</span></code> encourages insecure coding practices. +Namely, your CodeIgniter <em>system/</em> directory shouldn’t be publicly accessible +from a security point of view.</p> +<p>Because of this, this method is now deprecated and scheduled for removal in +CodeIgniter 3.1+.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">This method is still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove its usage +sooner rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="the-javascript-library"> +<h3>The Javascript library<a class="headerlink" href="#the-javascript-library" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/javascript.html"><span class="doc">Javascript Library</span></a> has always had an +‘experimental’ status and was never really useful, nor a proper solution.</p> +<p>It is now deprecated and scheduled for removal in CodeIgniter 3.1+.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">This library is still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to remove its usage +sooner rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="form-validation-method-prep-for-form"> +<h3>Form Validation method prep_for_form()<a class="headerlink" href="#form-validation-method-prep-for-form" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> +<p>The <a class="reference internal" href="../libraries/form_validation.html"><span class="doc">Form Validation Library</span></a> has a +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">prep_for_form()</span></code> method, which is/can also be used as a rule in +<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">set_rules()</span></code> to automatically perform HTML encoding on input data.</p> +<p>Automatically encoding input (instead of output) data is a bad practice in +the first place, and CodeIgniter and PHP itself offer other alternatives +to this method anyway. +For example, <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/form_helper.html"><span class="doc">Form Helper</span></a> functions will +automatically perform HTML escaping when necessary.</p> +<p>Therefore, the <em>prep_for_form</em> method/rule is pretty much useless and is now +deprecated and scheduled for removal in 3.1+.</p> +<div class="admonition note"> +<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> +<p class="last">The method is still available, but you’re strongly encouraged to +remove its usage sooner rather than later.</p> +</div> +</div> +</div> +<div class="section" id="step-21-check-your-usage-of-text-helper-highlight-phrase"> +<h2>Step 21: Check your usage of Text helper highlight_phrase()<a class="headerlink" href="#step-21-check-your-usage-of-text-helper-highlight-phrase" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> +<p>The default HTML tag used by <a class="reference internal" href="../helpers/text_helper.html"><span class="doc">Text Helper</span></a> function +<code class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">highlight_phrase()</span></code> has been changed from <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre"><strong></span></code> to the new HTML5 +tag <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre"><mark></span></code>.</p> +<p>Unless you’ve used your own highlighting tags, this might cause trouble +for your visitors who use older web browsers such as Internet Explorer 8. +We therefore suggest that you add the following code to your CSS files +in order to avoid backwards compatibility with old browsers:</p> +<div class="highlight-ci"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nx">mark</span> <span class="p">{</span> + <span class="nx">background</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="c1">#ff0;</span> + <span class="nx">color</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="c1">#000;</span> +<span class="p">};</span> +</pre></div> +</div> +</div> +</div> + + + </div> + <footer> + + <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> + + <a href="upgrade_223.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Upgrading from 2.2.2 to 2.2.3">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a> + + + <a href="upgrade_301.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Upgrading from 3.0.0 to 3.0.1"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a> + + </div> + + + <hr/> + + <div role="contentinfo"> + <p> + © Copyright 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology. + Last updated on Sep 19, 2019. + 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