user_guide_src/source/general/models.rst


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######
Models
######

Models are **optionally** available for those who want to use a more
traditional MVC approach.

-  `What is a Model? <#what>`_
-  `Anatomy of a Model <#anatomy>`_
-  `Loading a Model <#loading>`_
-  `Auto-Loading a Model <#auto_load_model>`_
-  `Connecting to your Database <#conn>`_

What is a Model?
================

Models are PHP classes that are designed to work with information in
your database. For example, let's say you use CodeIgniter to manage a
blog. You might have a model class that contains functions to insert,
update, and retrieve your blog data. Here is an example of what such a
model class might look like::

	 classТ BlogmodelТ extendsТ CI_ModelТ {  Т Т Т Т var $titleТ Т  = ''; Т Т Т Т var $content = ''; Т Т Т Т var $dateТ Т Т  = '';  Т Т Т Т functionТ __construct() Т Т Т Т { Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т // Call the Model constructor Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т parent::__construct(); Т Т Т Т } Т Т Т Т  Т Т Т Т functionТ get_last_ten_entries() Т Т Т Т { Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т $query = $this->db->get('entries', 10); Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т return $query->result(); Т Т Т Т }  Т Т Т Т functionТ insert_entry() Т Т Т Т { Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т $this->titleТ Т  = $_POST['title']; // please read the below note Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т $this->content = $_POST['content']; Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т $this->dateТ Т Т  = time();  Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т $this->db->insert('entries',Т $this); Т Т Т Т }  Т Т Т Т functionТ update_entry() Т Т Т Т { Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т $this->titleТ Т  = $_POST['title']; Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т $this->content = $_POST['content']; Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т $this->dateТ Т Т  = time();  Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т $this->db->update('entries',Т $this, array('id' => $_POST['id'])); Т Т Т Т }  }

Note: The functions in the above example use the :doc:`Active
Record <../database/active_record>` database functions.

.. note:: For the sake of simplicity in this example we're using $_POST
	directly. This is generally bad practice, and a more common approach
	would be to use the :doc:`Input Class <../libraries/input>`
	$this->input->post('title')

Anatomy of a Model
==================

Model classes are stored in your application/models/ folder. They can be
nested within sub-folders if you want this type of organization.

The basic prototype for a model class is this::

	 classТ Model_nameТ extendsТ CI_ModelТ {  Т Т Т Т functionТ __construct() Т Т Т Т { Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т parent::__construct(); Т Т Т Т } }

Where Model_name is the name of your class. Class names **must** have
the first letter capitalized with the rest of the name lowercase. Make
sure your class extends the base Model class.

The file name will be a lower case version of your class name. For
example, if your class is this::

	 classТ User_modelТ extendsТ CI_ModelТ {  Т Т Т Т functionТ __construct() Т Т Т Т { Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т parent::__construct(); Т Т Т Т } }

Your file will be this::

	application/models/user_model.php

Loading a Model
===============

Your models will typically be loaded and called from within your
:doc:`controller <controllers>` functions. To load a model you will use
the following function::

	$this->load->model('Model_name');

If your model is located in a sub-folder, include the relative path from
your models folder. For example, if you have a model located at
application/models/blog/queries.php you'll load it using::

	$this->load->model('blog/queries');

Once loaded, you will access your model functions using an object with
the same name as your class::

	 $this->load->model('Model_name');  $this->Model_name->function();

If you would like your model assigned to a different object name you can
specify it via the second parameter of the loading function::

	 $this->load->model('Model_name', 'fubar');  $this->fubar->function();

Here is an example of a controller, that loads a model, then serves a
view::

	 classТ Blog_controllerТ extendsТ CI_ControllerТ {  Т Т Т Т functionТ blog() Т Т Т Т { Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т $this->load->model('Blog');  Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т $data['query'] = $this->Blog->get_last_ten_entries(); Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т $this->load->view('blog', $data); Т Т Т Т } }

Auto-loading Models
===================

If you find that you need a particular model globally throughout your
application, you can tell CodeIgniter to auto-load it during system
initialization. This is done by opening the
application/config/autoload.php file and adding the model to the
autoload array.

Connecting to your Database
===========================

When a model is loaded it does **NOT** connect automatically to your
database. The following options for connecting are available to you:

-  You can connect using the standard database methods :doc:`described
   here <../database/connecting>`, either from within your
   Controller class or your Model class.
-  You can tell the model loading function to auto-connect by passing
   TRUE (boolean) via the third parameter, and connectivity settings, as
   defined in your database config file will be used:
   ::

	$this->load->model('Model_name', '', TRUE);

-  You can manually pass database connectivity settings via the third
   parameter:
   ::

	$config['hostname'] = "localhost";         $config['username'] = "myusername";         $config['password'] = "mypassword";         $config['database'] = "mydatabase";         $config['dbdriver'] = "mysql";         $config['dbprefix'] = "";         $config['pconnect'] = FALSE;         $config['db_debug'] = TRUE;                  $this->load->model('Model_name', '', $config);